nations and to shake tomorrow's gentlemen join us and register now for the d. w. global media for in 2024. the whole life on earth is based on a versatile chemical element. carbon, depending on how it's adams bond to each other. it can be as hard as diamonds or soft is graphite. when carbon bonds with oxygen 50 comes gaseous world wide. it's these carbon dioxide emissions that we need to reduce. that's because the colors and photo lift gas is considered the main cause of global warming. and that is the 2nd weather patterns everywhere, from the polar forest in the north, to the amazon in the south. the many faces of carbon coming off on tomorrow to day dw science magazine.

the faces from the depths of human history, 20000 calling instead of in this from the will to for the 1st time. and the modem will for archaeologist called us desilva. the one positive aspect of the terrible drought itching the amazon f as in my eyes. and yeah, there's more face image is revealed. the culture of the early amazon in people's gene was i think this, the roots are in the forest with the basis for the survival as far as you read. and that's still true. of many people here today, a fox that has become painfully clear. the largest drainage basin in the world is going through the west round since reco keeping the gun. the difference between rainy and dry seasons has never been so dramatic. 2 hours from the house, the capital of the state to them. as soon as the city council

a sent these villages help in the form of clean drinking water, there were no roads to the village of jumped on it. and now boats can own he comes to a phone as the waters have receded ella and c. so for that a has to design to guess which kind of stance l. the band finishes sets off in 40 degree heat over the hills that in the cost just clear the water line. what was one so why lake area has been reduced to a few rivulets. each family has received, fortunately to is a will to we join the see, so an domingos, even with a smooth flap. bolton votes, everyone uses here. it's getting hotter and hotter to make progress. inevitably, we get stuck on times to try a different channel. we turn over the engine and the bottle. but at some point there's no other choice. we have to get out to the lights and the load domingos

headphone alone taking the heavy contest as to the house. collect slater. oh you around las i still out back the roof. i resolve the street here. well, it's the carpet that connects us. where is that, here in our region, the river is everything without it and when nothing even in the dry season, the river normally lots, right? talk to the steps. this drinking water is only enough for a few days. but when it's time to make another run, they may not be able to get out if you, even with the smartest of boats you out there and you got low. it's hard to hear today than it's ever being before carlo take way possible. you could only bear it in the shade with lots of code, walton, or that that worries us. but definitely i'm worried about on late broken product lar, if the fish die out there will no longer be able to finish the lake is essential for laza. it says the, our large of the, the fixture dying because the, owes

a little more to count of sold enough oxygen on the regions. well, no river dolph in this on farming. well i, the more than a 100 died in lake to say, researches were initially puzzle because dolphins where you bought post mortem dissections showed the high water temperatures which topped 39 degrees seem to cause the dolphins to stuff or stroke. so climate researches like aram is that a, it's more evidence of unpredictable consequences caused by disturbing the amazon's complex ecosystem that more mo, high and low voltage phases on normal in the amazon region. that's not the problem . what worries us climate researches is that these phenomena are becoming more frequent and more extreme in their circle. this is the only new weather phenomenon which because every few years is currently exhaustive aging these effect. but the

main cause is the destruction of the rain forest. where would you live? will marford you only know, striving moisture from here to the southern atlantic. and on top of that month, if deforestation, which means there's less water evaporating from trees, was the consequences on less rain, brutal hatred with temperatures reaching $44.00 degrees celsius. if that continues, the consequences would be catastrophic. are available from the 40 meg shaw and that would impact the whole world. he said just because the amazon rain forest ability to store and vaporize vast amounts of water helps regulate the global climate. was huge level as we talk about apple and rivers matches of water that evaporate above the forest and then move north and south, thus keeping the global climate and balance fast because water vase of buffers, intense radiation from deforestation means the less water evaporates. beautiful. the dry season is starting earlier in any of in the amazon. so the water disappears,

foster leaving ships stranded for weeks or even months on end with a safe harbor in sight, tug boat captain junior sees a sold to be able to make it, but he was wrong to have talk with you to as we tried to make it out but help arrive late on the water level is dropped really fast. but unless you send to meet us a day, we will fighting the clock. time was all right, any interest the sample, you'll see it before announcing you until the warranty returns. the costume will have to remain in his boat to deter potential things. so the west volumes home would normally be floating in 10 meters of water. now he's not to dig a well and the rid of that to get water to live. by. wow, we use the water for washing up washing clothes shattering. we have chlorine then it's safe for the p is accessed glands to be a pitch risk valley is actually

a tributary of the amazon. the growth still bears witness to the masses of vote at that of seats away from his operated. the de leon followed him. a is 74 years old and lives on fishing. now. he stranded. i'm worried about god. that is the mo, the rain forest is joan. the more difficult it gets because of trial, just getting what have your home in front of my for the time being filed, a most fishing, that's a serving the different purpose. the bed of the chip retreat is no a soccer field, and that will touch pools instead of fish until the water returns north of the arctic circle, the permafrost is thawing due to the unusually warm temperatures. this is causing carbon dioxide to escape from the ground. the hot weather is also driving wild fires. huge areas of forest recently burnt in canada. will the forest ever grub?

ok. ok, so there's a careful here variables. there has been a lot of smouldering and there's a lot of holes in the ground. jennifer belts are leads us through what's left of the forest. even the earth is good, scorched savagely by fire. so these like you can see how deep the burning has been into this. these are pete. this is all peace soil. instead of the neighbor greenforest the black spruce, there's just tried trunks after the 2023 wild fires. but the damage to the soil here is even more important most for us. and also the carpet is stored in the trees, but in this system is stored in the soil and we have 80 to 90 percent of the carbon in the system started below ground in these beautiful pete soil set are when they're again, when they're west, they're resistant. to fire, but when they're dry they can be very, very fly level fires are actually a natural part of the ecosystem here in this forest bordering the arctic circle. but with conditions now dryer and hotter the fire,

which are becoming bigger and more frequent. you know, we have temperatures approaching 40 degrees here in the, you know, we're, we're in the, in the sub are taken are to, for each of us. so things that would not normally be fuel becomes fuel for the fire . and it means that the fire can access much more of the landscape and burned much larger areas. and there's nothing really to slow it down. in 2023 can do this on its worst wildfire. since record keeping began, the inferno was thought to have released 3 times as much c o 2 as the countries entire economy combined. this is a big concern of these negative higher year assessment. we'll see these burial for us and canada and elsewhere around the world. moving from being really important sinks that buffer some of our own emissions to being sources of carbon to the atmosphere with global implications for several years now more c o 2 has been released from canada as far as then the intact forest areas are able to absorb from

the atmosphere, baltar inter team has been research eco systems in the northwest territories for over a decade. a power process at about 90 centimeters. 10 centimeters. i saw. oh wow. it's the measure. read what depth the permit for us to begin the far as the north of the arctic circle with their typical soils bearing lichens. mazda is in pete store around one 3rd of all the carbon worldwide. okay, that's more than twice as much the amount found in atmospheric c o 2 is sick, so it's vital that the carbon stays in the ground. like some of the most carbon rich files in the world happened in burial systems where we have this is this accumulation of losses. that just because of the cold, what conditions they store a tremendous amount of carbon. these are also places where we have swells that are

frozen year round. and so if carmen gets locked away and from across the season is even more, more protected from being released fat. this, here, the scientists are investigating how big eco systems of the phone north are changing a fire or breast high its 7.3 black spruce trees actually need fire to reproduce, and it has cold fits the heat of the fire that releases the seeds and the cones, but with more frequent and more extreme fires, the cones now often char completely so that the spruce is, can't reproduce back to the forest that burned in the fire. as young aspen trees are growing back in some places, boats are nose from previous experience that the forest recovers to varying degrees . sometimes it returns to what it was before the fire. um, so we call that resilience. sometimes the transitions to a different trace basis of the forest is still there, but it functions in a different way. but where we see burning that's really severe or really frequent.

these are places where we often see failure to return to for us with fire smoke during long afterwards, the fear is they could wreak night when temperatures rise again. these forests are in an incredibly large, you're the untouched wilderness bouncer says trying to fight the fires is impossible. you have access to the forest up here in the north. for the most part up here, the only solution to this, to this fire cycle is to really rapidly drawn down our greenhouse gas emission surface. in 2023, northern canada was 3 degrees celsius warmer than in pre industrial times. this trend could trigger a dangerous spiral disrupting carbon sinks around the arctic circle that have taken thousands of years to form the there is already too

much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. so what can we do? plants and trees are masters of absorbing c o. 2. with a the light, they fix the carbon and release the oxygen. so good times, photos, synthesis, be imitated in the lab, and perhaps even accelerated professor to be a stub, has an ambitious goal. he wants to improve nature, or at least one of nature's most important process is photosynthesis. the process on which life on this base to, to mentally examine this kind of cools, claim the voters synthesize, doesn't work especially well. but ponds actually live with it quite happily. i yeah, but we humans always want more efficiency volume so that we can achieve more with less. and that was the incentive for us to say, what more could we tease out with the system? well, even though it's not 3000000000 years to evolve, why hasn't it go back to?

can i re thinking to predict on this thing? during photosynthesis light was it on carbon dioxide? what together to produce a simple call them compound, glucose plus oxygen. the glucose stays in the punch, enabling it to grow, while the oxygen is released into the what to be as of is interested in is the process of c o 2 fix ation. in this cycle concepts, this gets by one. so basically the question is, how can i capture c o 2 and convert it into useful compound, the kind of how can i can the inanimate carbon into something organic. when i'm being able to copy this fundamental principle, it's and we think it is actually what interests us in this whole matter in tennessee and it's like working far. so what if we could find solutions that nature has never tried? what is more oxygen a more carbon compounds could be produced using the photo synthesis that's been optimized by humans. to do this, to be as a 1st time to take

a closer look at how pump for defensive this works. it relies on root biscoe an enzyme that's responsible for converting the comp dioxide with mathis. for this got to convince that a rate of about 5 molecules of c o 2 is this function as you move. but what is the plan could absorb a 100 c o 2 molecules per 2nd to crew dolphin. and so they began searching for an enzyme that was better, faster and more effective by trolling through research databases. and they found it in a back tv. and it's an enzyme that's involved in the citric acid cycle. it's called e. c. o. experiments have shown that e, c o is indeed much better. i'm a bisco, those that converging c o 2 and building call them compounds and to select on 53 to kill 2 birds with one stone. so we reducing c o 2. but we're also generating a useful product that's more complex,

the more date to adults. they've now developed a prototype. it's rather like enzymes swimming around and the liquid. the task now is to incorporate this new operating system into a living organism. it's all going to be equipped with the improved ability to bind c o 2 o d phones could extract carbon dioxide from the air and use it to produce large quantities of oxygen and valuable call them compounds. and can see if this could also revolutionize the chemical industry because i wouldn't need crude oil to synthesize chemicals. i could produce everything from c o 2 using light all the petra chemical products i want. that's the big vision. and so far initial results and that a bar a treat that very promising let us read. why on the do you have a science question? send it to us as a video,

text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. so come on. just ask this week's question comes from a viewer in mexico, the how important ards we use for humans. these are considered the 3rd most important live stock animal in agriculture, after pigs and cows. there are thought to be up 230000 species worldwide. we've been reading honey be used for thousands of years. species that are domesticated are known as wild bees. they include certain kinds of bumblebees. for example, these pollinate many crops and therefore play a key role in our food supply. in europe, 3 quarters of all cultivated plants depend, guns be used for pollination. without them, fruit trees would only produce

a quarter of their normal yields. incidentally, studies have shown time and again that the best pollinators are not honey bees. but while these one studied, looked over, 40 different prompts systems all over the world from smaller scale fields to giant monro cultures. comparing colonization by honey bees with that of wild insect. the result showed that the same number of flour, visits by wild beast clicked the harvest twice as high as when the flowers were visited by domesticated beasts. despite that honey beast continued to draw most of our attention once back in the hive, the neck during falling, they collect is enriched with the enzymes and packed into honeycombs. the sweet result is turned into products that are thought to be good for your health, such as honey. it's set to help with colds for sleep and blemish skin. but

while these are also in focus, researchers have studied the venom may produce. it contains an anti inflammatory compound that might be useful against cancer honey bee venom also contains this compound a, but it's a fits a stronger. so it also damages healthy cells. in a wild be species of variance was found that only works on cancer cells. that study also showed that b, them has grown more toxic in the course of evolution. and now it's time to look at pete bogs. pete lands provide valuable habitats for rare plants and animals, and can also store in nor less amounts of c o 2. but that's not the only thing that makes them so fascinating to scientists. a well known salt meto landscape on the baltic sea. it was an, a bulk similar to this one that insect expert to be his mind to madison station or

discovery not long ago. ready instructions on that important i was traveling with a friend and brandenburg where i come from the choices we often hung for the beatles. then the weather was good and i saw some remain sparkling in the sun. it turned out to be a beetle. somebody took it with me when it's hans. it clearly identify most people spacings in the field mice that were over 6000 of them in germany. but they told him we knew it was old involved, but we didn't know just how and this was minister due to the low oxygen content. and the amino acids in the soil decomposition happens very slowly in buckland, environments. it takes thousands of years for people to form less than a minute meter of new sonya a list of positive each year. so 10 meters of it represent 10000 years of history. this main soil samples can help to determine the age of the beetle. professor of people in studies on houston does one test on site. there's

a long time no signed in here at all. oh no, got it, but you have the office of public health. now we didn't see the best way to to get this signed in it is with your team is on the website. you can send it immediately when you eat something. if there's something that a country loved ones on pop, you or pete doesn't crunch and run this proof of what you can see. this is a very dive. this payment is made of purely organic material, which route material from this vegetation. what's the month of the all of these? i think it's actually the samples of been taken to the bar, a tree for a more precise analysis for the south in the area. a local fan around the town of light time also plays a key role. in touch pete lens are excellent, c o 2 rest appliance worldwide. they cover less than 3 percent of the land, but they still twice as much carbon as all forests put together. the lifetime of

moles is also a breeding ground to protect it goods. so that, so the more reason to preserve it was that seer, here for the, for all right here is to buy for tech the climate and provide a great competent for wildlife and offer a recreational site for people to like many other pete and areas. however, the light time on most was drained long ago to provide farmland, many types of grain only grow in dry fields. so ditches with dogs to release the water. in the lifetime i most conservation is now $1.00 to $10.00 the truck to re which the bulk of the price of admission 30 years ago. for the last 12 years they've been allowed to discharge water into it. again, their home depot, we have a government mandate re watching because we know that dr. payton and box home the kind it order. by raising the water levels, we immediately stopped there emission that's,

that's the great thing about peyton's be watching. you defend this, all the taking water from the river, now attribute tree of the down need. ideally, the bulk should be kept flooded the whole time, but that's not possible yet. strict regulations govern how much water can be siphoned from waterways when we think often. and so much in summer it's very hot and windy and the vegetation gross. so a lot of water evaporates. that means you have to keep talking it out. so i'm offering the working group is hoping to get permission to pump in even more walton about the changes already having an impact for locals like fama christy and maya requesting is forcing in to adopt a free mind that they used to be fields here where we've gone to potatoes or cone, but with the west saying that's no longer possible. she saw a couple of movies. so he brought in water, buffalo, other grazing animals,

wouldn't eat much of the people implants, and they would founder and up all the ground. more firm is realizing they need to change, see coming is always reaching a point where they can no longer phone these areas any other way. so they're looking for alternatives. my currently keeps 20 buffalo on his 20 high does, but so things to work. most of them is need to get on board the appropriate this government funding for these changes is limited. meanwhile, back at the university of christ, filed and north germany to be his mind to enhance. you're still not studying that will be don't, if i could. but if we remove the remains from the number of pages and then i tend to find them under a microscope using specialist literature because cool things to be in touch when cases they can identify it as it can be taught. but honey, houston still wants to know how old it is using plant pulling every year. more than $10000.00 pulling grains phone on every square centimeter of soil. or these are

poll carolina. these content grains vary depending on which tree produce. then what it to you, it's a beach tree that's completely different part of grains than a bush, for example. on different part in prevails in every age because the vegetation has changed over them and then yeah, like the ice type. often the ice age, the only trees watch the butch and pine as opposed to it took thousands of years before the older all the alamo, the oaks came in. i saw none. so we found, out of this being told him, must have died and ended up in the bulk around 6000 to 6 and a half 1000 years ago as i was on ancient beetle preserved almost perfectly by the acidic environments of the people intact. folks grow very slow leak. that makes them a treasure trove, that they is of soil revealing how the climate is changed over the last 10000 days . and that's all for this week and tomorrow today dw

science show. thanks for joining us and see you again next time. bye for now the, the, the

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. this is the, the, the news coming to live from berlin. israel says it has no choice but to act in drop off the army orders tens of thousands to leave the southern gauze and city immediately. peace talks and egypt ended with never ceased, far, also coming down, china is present. she didn't pay in europe for the 1st time in 5 years. talks with the french liter emmanuel, that hong covered trade intentions, trade tensions pandora's in gaza and ukraine. flux, cleveland bouts reelected as leader of germany's christian democrat. conservative party.