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A LIBRARY
OF
.
}
A
1ERIOAR LTTERATURE
,-r 01. XI.
?/ ..,,;:::
"""
. -
--...
y
l
Y k....-.,
A LIBRARY OF
AMERICAN LITERATURE
FROM THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENT
TO THE PRESENT TIME
COMPILED AND EDITED BY
FDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN AND
ELLEN MACKA Y HUTCHINSON
IN ELEVEN VOLUMES
VOL. XI
NEW-YORK
,
HARLES L. WEBSTER & COMPANY
18 9 0
VI
PEEF_1CE TO TIlE FIYAL VOLUJlEo
(without increase of cost to tho subscribers), it became necessary to compiJe
the prescnt and still larger volume, devoted to new authors and to the Gene-
ml Index, and with the addition of an important feature-the" Short Biog-
raphies "of all writerð repreðented in the compilation.
rrheðe Biographies, added in rf'sponse to many suggestions from the press
and the public, hayo been prepared by )11'. Arthur Steùman, who from the
lJ('ginning of our laburs has givon his close attention to the technical detail of
the worh..
The early disatl ,-antagl's men tioned, however un welcome to the edi tors, may
not have reJ'5ulted mlwrsely to their undertah.ing. For we can fairly claim
that the outcome is a "handmade" Library; that it is not a piece of ,. ma-
chinc-work"; that it is the product of the inJivitlual effort of twoec1itors,
consulting for y('ar
in harmony, aIll] a;:; chcerfully as possible whether the
labor was agrceable or trying. K 0 aecesðory judgment has interfered to pro-
duee a confusion of ta
tes and method
. 'fith le::::s than a half-dozen excep-
tiun
, every author in the series has been read by the editors tbemðelves, and
ea.ch selection examined by 1Joth of them. Their powers and Jabors ha ye been
('cIlwl, and there has been no duty too high or too low for either of them to
})erform. In considering the
cope of this compilation, proud as we arc of the
showing made by our country, we understood quite well that we shuuld often
endure a conflict with our personal tUðte, and.that our object could be gained
only by such endurance. Against this, there have been enjoya.ble compensa-
tion:;. The ðl'irit of the work was indicated by the titles given to the early
Colonial selections, and 8uch diversions ha"e addecl zest to our dutifls
throughout the
eries,
"
ith respect to the contents of these, olnmes several recluiremel1ts }1:1ye
been kept in minù. In the first place, the" Library" must be made interest-
ing,-attracti,e to thc general reader,-otherwise no publisher would be rec-
ompensed for tho outlay in ,""oIved. We belieyeù that from the home-field of
literature a standard of worth aud interest cuuld be maintained, justifying
the announcement of the Preface that the work was" made for popular use
3nd enjoyment," and recompellsing both thc scholar and the layman for
money expend(>(l at the saeloifice, perhaps, of other things desired.
:K ext, we have respected uur title, which is neither a "Thesaurus " nor a
" Yalhalla," but "
\.. Library" of American literature, and thus denotes a
compilation varied in subject, treatment, and merit. and ahove all-inclus-
ive, oftcn waiving a sevel'e adherence to perfection in style or thought. It is
not confined to masterpieces, though Hot a few of them can he found within
it. To prepare an eclectic and exclusi,e miscellany from tbe writings of the
greate
t divines, statesm:m, historians, poets, and romancers of America,
would be a pleasant office and withal ali
ht une. Seven weeks might serve for
itseditil1g, instead of se,ell year
, and our cleven ,"01"u111e8 might readily have
PREFACE TO TilE FIS
lL YOLUJIE.
Yll
L'!en occu pied with less than fifty at1tho,s. provided that grea tIm hlishers were
sufficiently aJtruistic to yield the copyright of their best stock in traùe. The
familiar eminent names have not absorbed onr time, but the class whosB
llame is legion. Yet minor anthorfo:, singly or in groups, reflect the tendencies
of a period even more clearly than their more original compeers. 'Ye trust
that no great writer has been neglected in the " Library," aTIll that few will
object to the representation of one of humble ca:,t by a single poem or page,
,,-hen fifty times as mnch tribute ið paid to an Emerson 01' a Hawthorne, ,re
ha,-e troubled ourselves very little concerning the oLðcnrity of any" forgot-
ten author" from whose writings we have selecteù something to illustrate a
pecial phase, or because it merited preservation, )Iorpover, there is truth
in
ainte-Beu Vl' '8 remark upon out-of-elate work:-:: " Their ,-ery faults uecome
rl'pre::5entati'-e, and arc not without charm, a
the once-aùmÜ'ed expre::òsioll of
n taðte that has given place to another, which in its turll will likewise pa:5s
away." Sometimes a, non-professional writer ha:, afforded the cleareðt state-
ment of an important matter: sueh, for in:-:tance, as the law of copyright.
The lllultitulle of those ,\ ho write enlarges a;-.; their grade ùecreases, therefore
:,,,me authors whom we ineluùe arc not clwðpn as :mperior to uthers who are
omitted; for every class and period we havC' tried simply to give fair repre-
sentation within our limits of room; anI 1 occasiun
lly some extmct, that we
liked better than one previously inclLHlell, has he en ruled out u('cau
(' we coulJ
not devote any more space to itð topic. Except, howe-rer, ill the cases of the
most eminent authors, it woulù he nnjust to measure our p::;timute of their
relative importance by the number of pages allotted to them respectively.
Poetry, fur example, is preciou.s for its conden:::ation; besicles, it may he diffi-
cult to outain even a couple of pages suited to this compilation from the works
of SUllle noble schola!', while a J0l1llg and promising novelist, if rel'rescntl'ù
at all, needs room for a chapter, or an epiðollc, Ol' a short and com pINe talc.
Lastl.\", it ha
been our aim to compile for profe::;sional re
Hlers a copious and
trui;tworthy Reference Book, suited tu the needs of ,yorking AIllC'rican au-
thors, teachers, journalists, and public men. ,re have striven to give correct
texts (solllctimesditfering from those usuallyacccpteù) of :-:ignificant and his-
toric sermons, :-;peeches. puhlic document::;, and declaration:,. Few very nota-
ble short poems havo been omitte<l, scarcely one that has justly presC'rYC'd the
name of a "single-poem" poet. The hallads of the nation, in time,;; uf puùlic
excitement, lend tn this H Liurary" a meaning fully a:, important. we belic,"e,
as that which )Iacaulay deri,'ed from the rullest catches of hi:; OWII people,
Yariot1:' poem.; less known, hut worth prp::;en'ation in such a compendium.
llaye heen inserted, e:-;peeially ill the pre
ellt volume-another of it
features
heing the section devotell to our continuation of the ,. X oted
ayings," many
of which arc here tlr..:t collected fur refcrente and quotatiun. [n pnrsuance (jf
onr scheme. American journaliðll1 is repn,::;pntcù bya few ahle leaùer:-:; hut in
yiii
PREFACE TO THE FIXAL VOL UJIE.
fact some of our strungest writers have devoted, from choice or necessity,
their abilities to newspaper-service. During the Jate period, frequent credit
is given to the magazines and reviews, wherein nowada
s a large portion of
our noteworthy litemture appears before its repu blication in book-form. It
should be mentioned that, owing to the prepollllerance of theology, history.
and politics in our early volunU':5, it was thought advisable to occupy the
later chiefly with an exhibition of the mudern rise of "literature proper "-
with essays, hi
tory, fiction, amI poetry. Consequontly the great concourse
of recent savant
, economisb. and divines, eminent in the faculties of our
colleges anù iní'titutes,-mnong them many near and honored friends of the
eùitors,-i:, for the most part nnrepresf'nted. ,. Juvenile ,. books, of which
kind there are several "little c]asðics, " are exclude<l, beyond a few selec-
tions made for specitie rp<lsons.
The gist of tIll' furegoing remarks has been so ter:,ply stated hy an able
critic,l who ha
reviewetl onr successive issnes with nice discrimination, that
it is a plcasure to accept hi
vcry languagc as a SUll1nU1ry of the ends which
the editors han' had in \-iew. He ju
tlJ says: " It was not their intention
merely tu indicate by excerpts the masterpieces of American Ii terature, or
even to commit themsehes to the assertion that at a given period the Amer-
ican peoplc posse.3
ed a litrrature properly so called. Their design, in other
words, WUð historical rathcr than critical. They meant to exhibit the kind of
compo
ition whichat this or that periodwas snppuscd by the American people,
or a
cction of it, to belong to literature. A searching light would thm; be
thrown on the stage of ta
te and cultivation attained by our countrymen
at a particular time." Let us confess, for our own part, that in progressing
with the ,. Library" we realized, after a while, that we had huilded better
than we knew; that our National Gallery was prcsenting a rare conspectu
of
American life,-ycs, of American hi
tory, in all departments of imagination.
action, and opinion. Our hope is now a lJ{
lief, that in the hOlllcstead amI the
school-lihrary this compilation wilJ make for ptlÌrioti
m. There it; a picture
of the ùoy Lincoln reading hy the embers of a cabin-fire. "
hat he hungered
for in youth, A LIBIUKY OF AJIERICXS LITERATt.:"RE now plaees at the c1is-
pOðal of our young people hcucefurth; and the assurances that lllany thinkers
share our view embolden llS to claim a measure of disinterestedness in the
wish that this compilation lllay soon be found in eyery school, at eyery army-
l)O
t, on board our ships, and frc(llwut throughout the public and private
libraries of our Rermhlic.
In truth, what more vivid panorama of our national procession could be
devised ùy artist or historian? To )[r, Atkinson's scheme of making the Ex-
position of 18Ð- an ohject-lessun of K ew 'Y orId growth in science, art, and
1 ..)1. W. II." of The New Yo,.!.. Sun.
PREFACE TO THE FLYAL VOLUME.
TOPICAL AXALYSIS OF SELECTIOXS.
IX
CLASS.
VOL. YOL.1VOL. VOL. VOL. VOL. YOL.1YOL.l vOL . VOL. VOL.
I. II. III. IV. V. YI. vn\ III. IX. X. XI. TOTAL.
AXECDOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . .
CIURACTERIZATIOXS . ., .
CH-\RACTER :-;KETCHES .,
CORRE
POXDESCE. . . . . . .
CRITICl
)1 :
.Llrt. . . . . . , . , . . . . . , . .
Dramatic. . . . . , . . . . .
LI:terary . . . . . . . . . . . .
J1w,>icaf... . ... . . . .. . .
DIARIES, JOFRXALf', ETC
DR.\)I.\... ..............
Ecoxo)llcs (including Su-
, _ (.itd S.('ience).......
Em: f' A TIOX . " .........
E
,...H
AXD S1TDlEf'...
FIt' flOX AXl> R03UXCE
Ih
TORY .......,....,.
II nWR (alld Satire). . .
.J Ot.:'RX \. LIS)I .., " . . . . . .
L..\.XH LAGE. . . . . . .. . . . . .
L..\.\\- . .. .., ...........
::.\bxxERs AXD ('L
To)[f'.
X.\ltR.\TlYEi: ...... .... .
X.\Tl"RE . . . " . . .. . . " . .
Xon:n SAnxl
s........
()R.\.TORY . _. . . " . . . . .. .
PHIL()
()PIIY AXD ::\rET.\.-
PHY:':IC:> ........ . . . .
POETRY. . . . . . . . . . . .
PULl rIC:;, Gon:RX)!F.XT.
ETC. .,.. . .... .....
:"oClEXCE (PI1y8ical}.....
:-;LA VERY. ABULI flU)" ETC.
TE)[PER.\XCE ..........
'fIlElILOLTY, ETC.... . ....
'rR.\ \-ELS . . . . . " . . .. . . .
\\"AR:
J/aco//',,: Rpbrlfioll....
('i,.il, ]t<lil..........
l-
r/'ndl allel I//dian..
indian 'l'ruubl/'8.....
JÚII.'/ OPOrge..'3.......
JÚllg lnlfill/ll.s......
J1 e.r'ù'(l Il . . . . . . . . . . . .
Of IH 1:3. . . .. . . . . . . . .
V'(PPIt A1WP'S........
Heml II ho//a ry . . . . . . .
\\"ITCHCRAF'l' AXl> \r ox-
l>ERS..,.... .. .....
1
(j ,
14
1
8 8
9 .
I
7' <>.
(j
;; 2 1 1
13 1 2 8 6 2 7'
i 10 ;)1 1,ji ;) 5 2
].,
"3 "]I'''
3
2 3 3 3
2 1 11.... 4
t! 10 1:3 8 12 13
" . . . / 1 1 . . , . 1
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21 . . . ] I 1. . . . 2
4 '" ... ., .1.... ...
(i .) <).) <)
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lCi :
t' :ï :>
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f; (i 1 2
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4 8 17" 30 11 Î
1 ]
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69
19
99
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31
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3.;
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(j 3
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3 6
3
<) <)
4:1 ì
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. . . 1
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](W 18ü
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3
2 2
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1
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1
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Tutal Xu. Entrif's and I
Ü'oss-Entrics..... In4- 193 :!H3
:;:
21:) :!';fi :;..1.1 , au.... :Wl 2H
as; aoo9
_\rtnal Xo. of S('l('('tions ] Gfj ' 1 ';:! 1 2....
1 :
1 20'; 1
:H I :!s:; 2..:; :!:1:! I :!sO 3tm
671
..\uthm's I"('pr!'s!'nh.tl.. :;2 ';.j (iH I 9; H2 91 11.... I-l2 lOt. I-l.') If)) l 1207
.1.uollymous\\nters... 3 1 :)112 3 1 :?o1...I...,
I"'I 2 1 2f
x.
PREFACE TO THE FLYAL VOLr.:JIE.
industry, an intellectual accompaniment, so far as these States are concerned,
might well be snpplieJ. Ly the present volumes, Do they not reveal, indeeJ.,
the national qualities which )Iilton, in the Areopagitica, portrayed, when be
found the strength of the
Iotherla.nd to consist in " a nation not slow and
dull, but of a quick, ingenious, and piercing spirit, acute to invent, subtle
and sinewy to discourse, not Leneath the reach of any point the highest that
human capacity can soar to " ?
It is not our province to comment upon the writings displayed in this com-
pilation. Two things, however, win be obscrved upon a suney of the field:
First, the literary activity manifest upon the coming to the front of a genera-
tion reared since the civil war; secondly, as respects the characteristics of
American literature, that its begetters usually bave had somethingwhich they
wished to say, and therefore have said it with much spontaneity and freedom
from affectation. Their works have largely appertaincd to subjects of interest
to the public mind, in their several periods. This Ü; illustrated by the AnalYðis
(on the preceding page) of the personal and topical Index that has been edi-
torially prepared and placed at the end of this volume. This titulary Analy-
sis is arranged in sllch a manner as to show not only the variety of topics
presented, but the ch3.ngillg character of those predominant at different
stages. As our editorial method has not been to regard a period from the
point of view of our requirements, but to cO..llstrnct each volume in subordi-
nation to its period, the outcome dispJayed in this Analysis has proved as
novel and instructive to the editors as it must be to our readers. A treatise
on the progress of national thought and life might be suggested ùy it.
The attention of subscribers to our eady editions is invited to the" Note"
anc1list of revised dates, etc., following the "Summary of Acknowledg-
ments. ..
For the accuracy of the te
t in Y ols. Yr.-XL we are greatly indebted to the
friendship and professional skill of :Mr. John H. Boner, of the Century Dic-
tionary staff, who has given much of his spare time to the correction of our
page-proofs, and in other ways has been of service to this Work.
Our obligations to others whu have promoteJ. our efforts arc so abundant
that it becomes necessary to detail them in the pages immediately following
this Preface. But we can here extenc1 our thanks to the authors of America,
who have assisted us ðO 10ya11y, ,yith au expressed belief in our fairne
s, and
with a good-nat.ured acceptance of judgments which often must seem to them
verjT fallible. SOl' are we unappreciative of the hearty interest taken in the
" Library," since its publication Legan, by the American press,-of the long
and frequent rcyiews and the encouraging welcome it has received, and of
PREFACE TO TIlE FINAL FOLCJIE.
Xl
many u:;:efulsuggestiolls amI corrections, to which we gladly have lent atten-
ti\""e consideration.
In conclusion, our renewed acknowledgments are tendered to the power-
ful and widely-distributed guild of American publishers, who control the
usufruct of nearly all works issued here within the last forty-two years, and
without whose consent the reproduction of so much of the matter pre::;euted
in this" Library" would have been impossible. Every puLIÜ:her whose au-
thors arc quoted therein ha.:S placed, without exception amI with courteous
alH.I fricllllly as:mranccs, his entire" list " at the disposal of the editors, in an-
swer to thcir personal solicitation. The large and the lesser houses alike have
given us this yantage, confiding in our promise that it should be used and
not abused. ,,- e ha ve realized the great value of such a trust, never before ex-
tended on this scale to American compilers, and ha,e endeavored to avail
ourselves of it in such wise as to secure a reflex benefit to the liberal donors.
A full list of these firms, with their addresses, follows close upon this Preface;
and if, in the acknowledgment pages at the end uf each volume, there has
been any failure to give credit for a certain book or other copyrighted matter,
the omission has been from oversight, or from inability to discover an exist-
ing proprietor,
EDlIL"XD O. STEDJL\X,
ELLE
.:\1. HL"TCHIXSOXo
XE\V YORK, JIay, 1800.
SU
I
l
l{Y OF -L\..Ol(XO\'TLEDG
lESTS.
FOR the materiab in thi
compilation the E!litors have drawn upon public and private
treasuries, and their inl1ebteflness is widely distrihuteù. \Ve heartily a
knowledge tbe cour-
tesies extendeù by the officeri' of the Han-anl Library, and the unstinteù facilities placed at
our disposal by ::.\lr. .Addison Yan Xame (Lib.), Prof. Franklin B. Dexter (
\.:o<st. Lib.), ::.\lr.
J. Sumner Smith (Lib. Lin. and Broth.ì, anll Prof. Thomas R. Loun:>bury(Lib. S. S. S.),
of the Libraries of Yale rni,-ersity. \Ye are under many ob1igations, al
o, to the lIon.
Ainsworth R. SpofIorù, Lib. of Congrcs
; Dr.
amuel
\.. Green (Lib.) and ::'\[r. J. H. Tuttle
(Asst. Lib.), of the ::.\lai's. IIi4. Suciety ; )lr. Jacoh ß. ::'\[uOl'e (late Lib.) anù )lr. William
KeJby (Asst. Lib.), of the X. Y. IIist. Society: ::.\Ir. Frederick D. Stone, Lib. IIi",t. Society
of Penn.; ::.\Ir. R. A. Broek. Corr. Sec. lIist. Society of \
a.; ::.\Ir. Edmund::.\1. Barton, Lih.
Amer. Antiq. Society, \Yorce4er, )Iass.; ::.\Ir. Robbins Little (Supt.), ::.\Ir. FreùerÎl.:k Saun-
dprs (Lib.), amI ::.\Ir. O.
\. Bierstadt p.sst. Lih.), of the _\stor Library; Dr. Geor!;e II.
::.\loore, Supt. of the Lenox Library; ::.\Ir. \Y. I. Fletcher (late Lib.) amI ::.\Ir. Frank B. Gay
(.As"t. Lib.), of the W atkin,.;on Lihrary, Hartford, Conn.: ::.\Ir. \\ïlliam T. Pl'oples (Lih.),
::.\les5rs. T. J. Titus and C. II. Cox (_\:;5t. Libs.), ofthe X. Y. )Iercantile Lihrary: )Ir. \f.
A. Bardwell, of the Brooklyn (X. Y.) Library; :\11'. Charles R. (;illett. Lib. "Cnion Theo1.
Sem., New York; amI :.\1r.John Edmanlb, Lib. )lerc. Library, PhiJaùelphia.
\\
e have profite!l by acee"s to pri n1te collections. such as those. in X ew York city, of Gen.
Bmyton Iyes-so rich in early awl rare
\mericana, anù of ::'\[r. Thumas .1. ::.\[cJ
ee, who has
aÎllell us, frum first to la"t. equally with his volumes and ::.\IS
. uf
\lUerican poetry anù
dl'all1a. and hi:, knowledge of all matters appertaining to their recorù. Thank:, are rCllllercl!
fIn' special courtesies to the Hon. John Bigelow, of Xew York, owner of the 1>uples:-;is por-
trait of Franklin. awl the unrimllel1 plate in Y olume III.; to ::.\Ir. James Walter Collier,
lr. and :'\[rs. Clarence Cook. 1[r. EfIwanl F, De Lancey, ::.\Ii,.:s Elizabeth ('. Ja
. Dr. R. E.
Kunze, anù ::'\[r. aUlI
Ir:,. \Yalter n. Lawrence, of Xew Y orkcity; Dr. Edward Even.tt Hale,
::.\li...
S. :.\1. Fralll'i:" of Boston;
lr. Frank ß. Sanborn, Concon1. ':\[as:>.: .:\1 i,.,,:,
arah C.
""ool:,ey, Xewport, R. L Our portrait of Gov. Lidngston was obtained throug-h the per-
mi:,:,ion awl a",,,i:o<tance of ::'\[iss Catharine ::.\lcYickl'r anù ':\[r:,. Su:,an Denreux. Buffalo,
:\. Y.; that of F. S. Key, from ::.\Ir. Francis Key Pendleton, of Xe\\ York. 11r. "ïlliam
Hoyall Tyler, of Quincy, ::.\Iass., intrusted to us, for engraying, the Hlli!Jue amI treasured
miniature of the ancestor who:,e name he bears.
11any ot her,; are helll in grateful remem hrance, for
imilar kiIHlm':':O<és, or for promoting,
wit h infurmation or ad vice. the work noW com pleteù. .Amung thl'
e are ex- Prl'
. X nah Porter
(who sclectl'll the passages frum Di:,hup Berkeley's writings), Pre:,. Timothy D\\ ight. Prof.
George P. Fbher. )Ir. Donald G. ::.\fitchell, ::.\lr. Erne:,t Whitncy, ::.\Ir. \\ïlliarn J. Linton,
of Xew II.\ven, Conn.; Prof. Barrett \'
emh'll, :-;ef'. Frank Bulle,.;, awl Col. Thomas \Yent-
worth Higginson. ofCamhriflge. .:\[a:,s.: IIon.l'ha:,. Franci
.\dam":, .:\Ir. F. J.lìurrison.1Ir.
T. Xiles, 1l!'. lIorace E. SI
lU1.lcr. Hon. Hohl'l-t C. "-inthrop. of Bostun: Dr. J. HammoHlI
Trumbull, Dr. J""eph H. 1'\\ ichdl, 111'. (,harle
II. Clark, of Hartford. C"nn.: ::'\[r. Henry
::.\1. Alùen, Re,-. Ru,,:o<PlI X. Bellow:o<, Dr.
\rthur E. no:,twick, ::.\Ir. Eflward L. Burlingame.
::'\[r. Eflwarll Cary. RI'\".
\. IT. Clapp. 1[r. IIcmy \\". Domert. )ft.. neorge ('ary J':;..:-.dc...ton,
Dr. Ell,.:worth Eliot, 1[r. \Yilliam .1. Florence. ':\[r. \Venllell P. Garri,.:on. non. Thoma,.: Har-
lantl, ::.\Ir. Richanl J. Hinton, ':\[r. Laurenee Hutton, 111'. Etlwarl}" P. lng-l'rson. Prof. .\. S.
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::.\[eElroy. 1[r. John 1h')[1l1len, ::.\Ir. Thuma": )Il'
[llllcn, ::.\Ir. Brander ::.\Iatthews. ::.\Ir.
iii
Xl\-
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Chadwick, ::\lrs, Philip Weleh. of Brooklyn, X. Y.: )lr. Henry T. Coates, ::\lr. Charles II.
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NOTE.
Re
earche;;; made by the eùitor of the SHORT BIOGRAI'HlE!' have brought to li
bt facts whicb af!pct a fe\\ of
the date!', places of birth, etc., gÏ\.en ill the early eùition" of tllPse volume!'. The npcef'''ary plate-cban::e
.
and the correction of a few e
ror8 di
covered in the" ork.. ha,.e been made in later cdition
. For the benefit
of the early
uh"'cribers, a Ibt of emendations is appended:
.
Page
.16. ""II.LIAM!'.-For .. Born in ',"filef'. 1599." read. BOl'lI]JrobaUy in Lonrfon. EIIglaNd. abo"t 1600.
2i6. ,'" ARD.-For .. Born in
11f!olk, England. 1570," read. B01"1l ill [[araMII, Sl
tr,.tk, England. 1578-80.
290. Dl"m.Ey.-For .. Born in
orthampton, England, 15i4. Died fit Anùovcr, :\1:."".. 16:>3," rcad. BOl'll
in
Yo,.tha/J(}Jtoll, England, 15i'i. Ðiul at RuxlJ1lry, 11[((88.. ]553.
33
. ELIOT -For'. Born in E"scx. En
land. 1604." read.llrJ1'n probably in TJ/'{forr!. lTf'1'tfl. England, lôO.1.
359. ,VOODBnIDGF..-Sl1bstitnte the following data: BrJ1'1I ill BïUR/d1'/'. England, 162
. Rt!sid nt ill .Yf'lO
England. 1(41)-7. Dier! at Inglejif-l'i. Berk..'hire, En(lland. 168.I.
412. )lORToN.-For" Born in England. 1612." rl'ad, Born probably in Lf'ydell, Hollallq. 1613.
448. BAcox.- For" Born jn Eugland, 1630-40," read, BOI'II in ðl
tJ"ulk, England. 16..;.
YOLo I.
YOLo II.
1fìi. CALEF.-For" Born about 1fì52," read, Bor11 alÑmt Hi.1R.
265. BFn:m.y.-Sl1bstitl1te the following data: Born Ì1, Tïryinia. aUNt 16iO. Died there, abo/(t 1733.
YOLo III.
li5. DlCKIX"Ox.-Fol"" Died at Chantilly,Va., I.M," read, Hied at TJïlmington, IJf:/., 1
)
.
252. ALLEx.-For" Born in COllnecticut. 173!l," reaù. Born ill Litc"ß.dd. COMi., 173;'.
311. :\IARTlx.-For the birth-date" 174-1:' ,.ub"titute h1.-1S:'
YOLo IV.
46. BARLow.-For" Born in Rl'ading, Conn., 1755." read, Born in Reddillg.(OlIJi.. 175.1.
!12. TYLER.-Date of fir"t pI'rformallce of ., 'fhe Contra"t ,. should be .. liS;."
4:
!l. FI
N.-The authoritie,. are divided, bet\\ een the hirtJI-d:J.ta gh cn find the fltatplJlcnt B01'11 f'ì. "'-fie
York, N. r., 171'2.
4!H. BOW
E.-For the hirth-dmc " 178-1." f'ubf'titntt. "1.
'1."
XYI
þ.
0 1'E.
Page
258. EVERETT.-For .. Died in ('finton. China. IP41." reaa. Died in JIa<:ao. China. 184Î.
3.H. THn)IP
O:S.- For tll<' hirth-date" 1.95." :-:nb;:t1tute .. 1,98."
484. IIALE.-For the birth-dute "1
95," Imb8titntc "1
."
YOLo Y.
YOLo n.
23.. FLA(;G.-For " Xorth Cambridge,"' read CWllbl"idge.
511.
IcCoRu.-For "charle:-:toll. S. C.... reud ('obl1l1bia. S. C.
YOLo VIT.
19"]. ('L\pp.-For the hirth-ante "1810," !'uh:-:titnte "IRI4."'
860. W 'II::\ER.-For tt..e birth-date" 1-:11'." 8uh:-:t itnte .. 1
19."
,,6:3. \VELBy.-For the birth-date ... 11'21." !'llh"titIlIC "11'19."
YoLo VIII.
3. "THlTE.- F:,r the birth clnte "IR2-.:?" I'uh"titnte "1R"
1."
3r.7. For the poem ... The S..ldier-Boy." a ballad (.ntitlcd Rt'''r1
has heen 8nbstitnted in later editions,
:1,0.
A'\"\ ER.- -For the hirth dnte "183.'3." I'llh",titnte "IRan."
471. COOK E.-For the date of death (8 typographical errorl, 8l\b"tirute "1
6."
YOLo IX.
.tft O'Co:s",-uR.-For the hirth-date" 11':3-3." >,uh"titllte "1":32."
a:
:2. HAmwo.-Fvr .. ::;ullth Killiugly, COlill." read Xorllt Ktllil.gly. COlin.
.
COXTE
TS OF VOLU
IE XI.
iLitcraturc of tbe uepubIic.
3art fV.-\!!ontínueb.
:\L-\.RY XOAILLFS JlrRFREE.
The "Hamt" that 'V alk
Chilhowee
FAGE
3
ISAAC HEXDEHSOX.
'Yoman and Priest
15
D_-\. YID DE
L\REST LLOYD.
The CuuYclltion Scene in "For Con
ress "
21
JCLL-\. COXSTAXCE FLETCIIEH.
A S.\Tian .\(lv
llture
The Firing of the Shot
2i
30
GEORGE PAH
OX
L\THHOI'.
From "Keen:III'
Charge"
ight in New York .
_\ Wife's Forgivcne,s
The Phæbe-Binl
The Sunshine of Thine Eyes
The Flown Soul
33
35
35
40
40
41
RO
E H-\.WTIIORXE L_\THROl'.
A Song before Grief .
TWl"lIty BCII,]
rariners
The Lost Battle
Dorothy
"-ILl I..ur ClUny BlWWXELL.
The Frenchwoman
41
4
4
4
4:1
HEXHY \YooDFEx GH..\IW.
The Sufte:' Aspects of Slavery
40
JOIlX _\LFHED 'L\cox.
Terp"ichore ill the Flat Creck Quarter.,
Polities at the Log-I:ollin
The Old Ship of Zion
The Wedding on the Ü"eek
CIUHLE!; FH..\"CI
H(cn \IWSOX.
Sathuniel HawtllOrue
52
5:1
5:3
;;3
54
X\ïn
CO
YTE.NTS OF VOLL
J[E XL
l\L-\RIAXA GRISWOLD Y A:!\ RExs8ELAEH.
Corot
P.M. E
GO
1'1 -\.t:"RICE FRAl\CIS EGAX.
Theoc,'Uu5
)[aurice dc Guerin
Bet\\ een the Lights
63
63
1).1
EDV.ARD PAGE )!ITcrrELL.
The
-\ble"t )Ian in the World .
65
Jorr
BACH )[c)L-\STEH.
In the Ameri('a of 1j'
-1
The Ame,'icall \Y orJunan ill 1784
72
II
,rU.LIS BHooK
II -\ WKIX
.
Language that Xec>ds a Rn"t
7'S
BHAXDEH )I..-\TTIlEWS.
Playin!!; a Part .
The Xuvel and thp Drama
t-O
I"j'
ROBERT GJUXT.
One G id of the Period
90
E::;'TIlEU ßEUXOX CARPE:!\TEH.
Eyeuing )Ieetiug at Uucle '::;ias's .
95
CrrAULE
HOWARD SrrIXx.
The Building of Arachne
InwIx RL"SSELL.
The Banjo
;\ ebuchadnezzar
;\ elly .
TIlO:lL\
Xr:V;;01\ P.\GE.
From II :\[31'5(: Chall "
100
10-1
105
106
!OI>
KATIIERIXE ELEAl\OU COXWAY.
Satumillus
II :'tar of my Dying- Time"
1'13
113
"\'-ILL1..0[ C'RAX-:TOX L.\ WTOX.
The DeJplJic O:'acJe
RORER!' rXDEHWOOD JOIIXSOX.
obles"e 0bli
e
III the Dark
011 a G,'cat Poct'", Obscurity
A Septemùer Yiolet
11-1
116
117
117
llS
"\YILLI.n[ HEXUY RIDEIXG.
A Pen,on of" Literary Tastes"
ll
CHARLC
HEXHY PIIELP!-.
The )laid of
t. Helella
Ral'e )lornents .
Hearing tile Xews in Iùaho
1:?3
1:!-1
1;!-1
)1-\ YBL"RY FJ.E:lUXG.
To SJecp
rpon a \\ïnter )Iomiu
The Xcw Yea" .
1:!5
1 <)-
-;)
126
CO
YTE...YTS OF VOL U
lIE Xl.
xix
HOWAHD PYLE.
How Baron Conrad Held the Bridge
PAGE
121)
J.UIES 'VmTCo:\IB HILEY.
\Yhen the Fmst is on the Punkin
The Elf Child
Grigg,;by's Station
Knee-Deep in June
A Liz-Town HUIJ101"ist
The Old
lan and Jim
130
130
131
132
134
134
HARRY STILLWELL EDWAIWS.
'.1Iinc "-A Plot
136
SA)IUEL )h""TCR
PECK.
Bes
ie BrowlI, )1. D.
)ly Little Gil"l .
The Captain's Feather
141
142
142
FRANCIS )L-\Rro
eRA WFORD.
The Tragedy of Greifenstein
143
EDITH JL-\.TILDA THü:lIAS.
Sy,'inx
Suow
A FI ute
A Quiet PiJgrim
)lusic
153
154
156
156
137
EDGAR 1\T ATSO"" HOWE.
A Prairie Town
157
ELISABETIT CA'-AZZA.
Alicia'" Bonnet.
The Return of Glyssf's
Derelict
SlumbeI'Song
Hi2
1Ut
161)
167
FREDERIC JESC'P STIMSON.
)lrs. Knollys
Wi
HEXny GUY CARLETON.
The Death of )Iemnon
175
FLORA HAISES LOrGIIEAD.
The Fortuues of 'Wa,'
1j
HENRY CUYLER BeXNER.
The Way to Arcady .
She was a Beauty
A Pitcher of )lignonette
Love in Old Cloathes
Les )lorts Vont Yite
Fo,' an Old Poet
IS7
lSS
188
1:-!)
Hlô
19G
POCLTNEY nIGELO'V.
Education of a Youn!; Prince
HI7
AR)IISTEAD CUCRCIIILL nORD ON.
Ebo .
Virginia Creepers
200
201
xx
C01ÇTENTS OF VOL UME XI.
MArD HOWE ELLIOTT.
Out of the Sea .
PAGE
201
ELWYX ALFRED BAUROX.
Closing Scene of "The Viking"
BAY
\UD TUCI\:EU:\L\X.
Lafayette .
204
208
GEORGE EDWAUD \VOODBERUV.
From" The
orth Shure ""atcb"
Holbein's Dance of Death
At Gibraltar
OUl' Fi,'st Century
On the Hundredth Anniversary of the French Revolutioll
Song of Eros, in" Agathon l' ,
'>4
211
21:3
215
216
217
217
BARRETT \V ENDELL.
A Revelation of Preëxistence ,
217
4JA "'trES BEHRY BEXSEJ"
In Arabia .
222
GEOn(
E EDGAU l\!OXTGO:\IEUV.
A Stolen Soul
223
AXXE SUEJ,DON Comms,
The JIarrises
22-1
ILnntv TnuRsTox PECI\:,
Heliot/'ope
HAROLD FREDERIC.
" You Thought I did it! "
229
230
CH\HLES LOTIN IIILDRRTlI.
Thl' King .
Implor-a Pace
Evening
234
235
235
H
HnUET LEONORA V OSE BATES.
_\.n Old Sa]em Shop .
Cou
in Susan's Cupboard
236
238
IIARRISOX S:\IITH l\IOIntI
,
To a Comrade .
::\IAUGAUET DELAXD.
A Conflict of Opinions
2-10
243
RA:\ISA v l\1oums,
Oeupatra ,
249
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
Hunting" Old Ephraim"
Civil Service Examinations
2.30
254
J"A:\[ES BENJA:\IIN KEXYON.
Song of the North Wind
Quatrain
Req uiescat
EDGAR EVERTSOX SALTl7S.
A )[aid of :\Ioùern Athens
2:)6
2:>7
257
o-
.),
CONTEN1'S OF VOL DYE XL
xxi
CnARLES HENRY LÜDERS.
Farm Fruits
An Old Thought
The Tryst .
The )Iountebanks
The River-God
The Draught
Stal" Dust
Memory
PAGE
2(j.)
2f)(;
2ü6
24)6
2(',6
21i7
2(',7
2ü7
:MARY GUEENWAY
ICCLEI,LAND.
The Flood
267
l\[rLICENT \V AS lIB URN SlUNK
Summer Night
A Drcam
To-Day
I.ife's Answer
A Mariposa Lily
271
271
272
::7:3
273
'VILLIA
J )IORTON PAYNE.
Bjiirnson's National Trilogy
Tourguénieff
273
27&
DANSKF. DAXDHIDOE.
The Dcad .:\Ioon
275
SARAII Pn \TT McLEAN GREENE.
Gettill
Ready for Mectin'
De Sheepful'
277
281
'VILLLUI HOSCOE TUAYEH.
Mankind's Highest
The Hymn of Force
2
1
282
HELE
GnAY CONE.
A Xocturne of Rubinstein
Elsiuore
A Rose
" As the Crow Flies"
2td
2S4:
2
:)
285
CLINTON SCOl,I.ARD.
As I Came Down from Lebanon
Wild Coreopsis
The Bookstall
The Actor .
Sidlley Gudolphin
Perpetuity
2
5
2sfi
2"iG
2S7
21;,
2S,
l\hRY ELEANOR WILKINS.
Oill Lady Pingree
2S8
FUANK DEMPSTER SIIERMAN.
Bacchus
}'ur
aynte Valentyne, hi" Daye
'Winter Starlight
Pepita
Omar Khayyám
The Library
IIENHY I1AULAND.
)Ir. Sonnenschein's Inheritance
29ô
206
2!1,
2!J7
2!)S
298
2t1
xxii
CONTENTS OF VOLUJIE XL
LOUISE hlOGEN GurNEY.
Knight Falstaff
Tarpeia
:Muustache
The \YiId Ride
Paula's Epitaph
ERNEST MCGAFFEY.
Dreams
Geronimo
Dixie .
GRACE ELIZARETIT KING.
The Devotion of MarcéIite
LANG DON EL WYN "MITCIIELL.
Upon Seeing a Funeral in the Street
A:
IÉLIE RIVES CUANLEU.
FOl' Bonnibel
ELAINE GOODALE.
Aslws of Roses .
Indian Pipe
A Count.rywoman of
1ine
When Did \Ve Meet?
LIZETTE \V OODWOIlTII REESE.
Anne ..
In Sorrow's Hour
The Garden at Bemerton
IADISON JrLIUs CAWEIN.
Disenchantment of Death
DonA READ GOODALE.
The Snowbird
Cinùerella .
)[ariette
Eventiùe
Y ARIO""CS POEMS.
Fanag-ut .
Réveil.l.e
At Gettysburg
Inscription on a Soldiers' Monument
Cavalry Song
The Land (If Dreams
The )Icmory of the Hca,..t
Liberty for All .
Samuel Hoar
Rest.
The Cenotaph
If I should Die To-
jgbt
'Tis But a Little Faded Flower
Wbat my Lover Said
Daisy
Song
Counsel
" )Iany Things Thou bast Given me, Dear Hcart "
Despondency .
The Two Mothers
Dan's Wife
PAGE
30i
308
30U
310
:no
311
311
312
312
3'N
323
327
327
32t:i
32:-)
32!J
329
330
330
332
332
3a3
333
lV. T. Ne?'edith, 334
N. 0' ComlOr, 3S4
1. R. PeulIypacker, 335
J. A nder
(jn, 336
R. "Jr. Rllymoud, 336
S. .E. J1Jmm, 337
D. Hrbster, 3:37
W. L. GroTi
oll. 33"
. F. B. &l/Ib01"1I, 338
J. S. I>1I'i,qM. 338
.J. T. _l/cKa!l. 339
Belle F. Smilli, ::3:
g
E. C. Howarth, 340
Il (lreeue, 340
E. Warrm, 342
N. (Y. Bis/lap, 342
Jf. E. .1I. ])0I'i8, 342
A. W. Rullin.
, 343
A. Ðtte8, 343
E.
nl
oll, 34-t
K. T. Woodð, 344
CONTENTS OF VOL r: ME XL
The Fir5t Step
:My Other )Ie .
'''hat have I Done?
Transition
Charlie's StolT
'Späcially Jim
Afeard of a Gal
A Ditty
A Little Brother of the Rich .
Lament of a )Iocking-BirlÌ
When the Cows Come Home .
The O'Lincoln Family
The Little Knight in Green
Wbat Sees the Owl?
A Country Road
Tbe Wood-Sprite
\-rin tel' Woods
Tbe Skater
Waikiki
Under the Palms
A King in Egypt
RimJs
England .
Private Devotiou
For Divine Strength
The Hour of Peaceful Rest
Song of the Seeds
A Prayer ,
Waiting .
Old and Young
The L"nfinished Prayer
To a Doubter .
Tbere is a Land Immortal
âbbÍtÍonal
e[Cftíonfj.
A. B. Saxton,
G. D. Litch./kld,
L. B. Fearing,
S. D. Smith, JI'.,
K. C Clark,
B. JIoryan,
Anonymous,
G. P. Knapp,
E. S. Jlartin,
F. A. Kembk,
A. E.. Jlifdwll,
.. Jr.. Flagy,
K. L. BItes,
E. S. Bates,
R. K. JIuukiftrù'k,
R. Riordan,
. G. Cooper,
O. H. Stein,
R.. JL DaYfl'"tt,
i'
K. Oro.
hy,
H. T. Hutche.
ul/,
J: r. Fauntleroy,
R. E. Day,
P. H Brown,
S. Johnson,
Jr. B. Tappan,
Flure/lce Smith,
G. JI. [pton,
. O. H. Orandall,
C. P. Cml/ch,
Anollymou.s,
Â.. Jr. H. Eaton,
. T. _1JacKt:llw',
183
-1889.
DAVID CROCKETT.
A
ath-e American
RICH.um _\.D.urs LOCKE.
From" The )Ioon Hoax"
TllEODOUE DWIGHT \YOOLSEY.
Plato .
The Eclipse of Faitb
THEODOlm P AUKEU.
"To me Thou Cam'st"
"Thee, loved one, do tbe Rocks and \" oodlands Sing"
J" OIlN LOTlmop )IOTLEY.
Glimpses of Noted People
ROBEUT TUAILL SPEXCE LOWELL.
The Search for Father De Bl"ie
GEOIWE COPWAY.
The Education ora Young Chief
XXlll
PAGE
3-1:5
3-15
3-15
3-J.tJ
3-W
34;
34;
34'3
34,;;
34f.1
350
350
351
352
353
353
354
354
354
353
356
356
358
358
35S
35f.1
359
360
3lìO
3f.i1
361
361
362
365
3;1
3;4
3.5
3;fj
3.1)
3;7
381
3....1)
xxiv
CONTENTS OF VOL U.JEE Xl
RICHAUD SALTER STORRS.
On the Study of History .
ROSWELL SABINE HIPLEY.
The Storming of Chapultepec
JosEPrr .JEFFERSON.
lIow Jefferson came to play Rip Van Winkle
Dramatic Action
JOII
GEOUGE NICOLAY AND JOHN HAY.
The Death of Lincoln
TUEODonE B_\co
.
)liss Bacon's Theory of the Shakespearian Plays
LY)IAX ABBOTT.
The Liberal Orthodoxy of To-Day
HEXRY AD_BIS.
J effcn:on
The American of 1800
J A)IER SnIOULER.
Andrew Jackson
AXXIE TRTnfnrLL SLOSSON.
He For800k his Nets, and Followed Rim
PATHICK FRA:\TIS )[m.Y,.-\xy.
Emerson and Xewman
)L-\uy II ARTWELL CA TllERWOOD.
Sieur de la Salle and Sainte Jeanne
XICIIOI,AS P -\.IXE GILYAN.
The 'Vages System
Pront-Shal"ing
CHARLES EDWIN :\[ ,RKrrA 'f.
Tile Last Furrow
Poetry
The Y all e)"
K OTED SA YIXGS.
"Cpon leaving' Englanù, in 1629.-A Plantation of Religion,
ot of Traùe.-" United
We Stand, Divided 'Ye Fall."-To Gov. HutcllinsoD, Demanding the With-
ùrawal of the British Troops from Boston, after the ::\[assacre of 5 March,
1770.-In the Continental Con!!re!'s, 5 September, 17ì4.-At the Signing of the
Declaration of lnrlependence, 4 July, 177fi.-His La!"t Words, New York, 2
Sep-
tember, l7j'6.-"Brother Jonathan. "-Si Yis Pacern,Para Bellum.-Noterl Appli-
cation of :\[athew IIeury's Phrase, liSS.-Of Candidature for Office.-" Few
Die, and
one Re;;ign.:'-" Declaration of Principles."-From the Same Inau-
gural Address"-
-\ Word to the Xew Englander's.-The Discourses of Christ.
- 'Ylren Asked to Sit npar his" FaUII'r. "-A IIC'ro's Last Order.-Of ){onroe'p,
Administl'ation. 18l7-25.-The "
fonroe Doctrine. "-An Advocate's Opinion.
-The American Chesterfield.- A Border KnÍ!rht's Motto-'Var of 1812.-
From t.he Bunker Hill Ol'ation-li June, 18:!5.-Bnnker Hm.-In Denuncia-
tion of the Administration of Adams and Clay.. lR2t1.-" A Good Enoug-h Mor-
gan until after the Election."-" Free Trade and Seaman's Rights."-Rpmark
to Senator 'V. C'. PI'e!"ton of South Carolina. 11;3!1..-" Xo South, no North,
110 East, no 'Y est. "-
Ian to
Ian.-" The Foot5teps of my Illustrious Prede-
PAGE
3m
394
3\J8
401
403
410
414
418
420
4:34
429
433
436
440
443
445
446
44ö
CONTENTS OF VOLU..JIE XL
xxv
PAGE
cessor."-"The Cohesive Power of PubHc Plunder."-"Contemporaneous Pos-
terity."-" This New Departure."-On the Old Constitution of the United
States.-The Ballot.-Oregon Boundary Question. U. S. Senate.lS..J....!.-
\t Buena
Vista, 23 February, 1847.-A 'Yatchword in the Presidential Campaign of
1848.-Party Cry, from the Platform of the Free-Soil
ational Convenrion. 1848.
-The Sturdy Godfather of the C. S. A.-" The Cradle of American Liberty."
-'Ye Sell" OUl"Goods, and not our Principles."-RepubHcan 'Yar-Cry in the
Presidential Campaign of 1836.- The First Repnblican Legend.-Frolll the
Opinion in the D,'ed Scott Case, U. S. Supreme Court, 1857.-An Old Proverb,
)Iemorably Used. -" The Twin Relics of Barbarism."- When Asked for Guid-
ance to the Charlel'ton, S. C., Insane AsylulIl, 18f.o.-"Let Us Alone. "-From a
Letter to the Hon. 'Ym. H. Seward, 3
{arch, 1861.-A
utable Head-Line in
the "
ew- York Tribune," J une-J uly, 1861.-" Treason
-\.gainst )1 ankind. "-A
Rem.u'k to Gen. Averell, November, 1862.-An Effectual Reminder.-8ignalled
to Gen. Corse in Altoona, from the Top of Kenesaw,5 October, ISfH.-Title of
àn Essay in the" Atlantic Monthly," Septemher, 1864.-A r.;ational Debt a
National Blessing.-" Our National Debt a National Blessing. "-Of the Presi-
dential "Reconstruction" Tour, Augm;t, 1866.-Telegram to Secretary Stan-
ton, then Holùing the "-ar Department in Df'fiance of his Ille.gal Suspension by
President Johnson-Senate Chamber, 21 February, 1868.-In the Presiden-
tial Canvass of 18/iS.-Rule of the "Harry'Valisworth Club"-from "Ten Times
One is Ten." 18i'0.-The Ballot in 1871.-" Let no Guilty )Ian Escape. "-PoHti-
cal Introduction of the "3Iugwump. "-Head-Line in the" New York Sun," 23
)larch, 18&1.-'\" Bon-3Iot in the Cleveland-Blaine Campaign of ]RS4.-From the
President's Inaugural _\.ddress, 5 March, ISi'i.-Asked at t.he Repuhlican Na-
tional Convelltion, Chicago, 1880.-From the P,'e:-ident's InaugUl"al Speech, 4
)Iarch,l&il.-Written when Asked for an Autograph, July,1881.-"Limited Cos-
mopolitanism. "-" W OJ'se than ProvinciaJ,- Parochial. "-"
-\. Finer Art in Our
Day."-Faith and Reason.-" Public Office is a Public Trust."-" Honor Lies
in Hunest Toil. "-" Offensive Partisans. "-" Labor is the Capital of OUl' ". ork-
ingmen. "-" Innocuous Desuetude. "-" The Government should not Support
the People."-" A Condition-Xot a Theory."-" A Roll of HonOJ'."-"The
Communism of Capital."-Party Honesty.-" "-e Love him for the Enemies
he has )Iade. "-From the Democratic Platform of IH84.-By one of the Depu-
tation of Clergy Visiting )Ir. Blaine, at. the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York
City,2\J October, 188..l.-)lotto of the American Cop)Tight Lea
ue. Written 20
November, It;S,'5.-Before the U. S. Senate Committee 011 Patents, 29 January,
188tj.-
ame ('onfeneù upon the Republican Stump-Speakers for Holding their
Audiences" Spell-Bound." P,"esidential Campaign of 1!'.'88,-Experto Crede.-
"Practical Politics. "-"Jacl{sonian Vulgarity. "-The Royalty of Virtue.-From
a Speech at the Washington Centennial Celebration : Sub-Treasury, Wall St.,
New York City, 30 April, 188U.-At the Woodstock, Conn., Celebration, 4 July,
1889.-By a Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, when Advised to Arm Him-
self. Califomia, 18...,\).-" )Ieasures,
ot )Ien, have Always been my )Iark."-
Popular Epithets Given to Ce'"tain Americans 446
IXDEX OF AUTIIOHS, ETC., IN TillS VOLU)IE . 463
SnORT BIOGHAPHIES of all Authors reprcscnted in this'Vork. By Arthur
Stedman 4ü7
GEXEH.U. I:XDEx
615
XXVI
PORTRAITS IN VOL FXE XI.
1Jortraitr; in tbtr; 'V olu1ue.
FRAKCIS )IARIO
CRAWFORD
}IARY NOAILLES )IURFREE
GEOROE PAHSONS LATHROP
.J OIIX BACH )Ic )IASTER .
BRA!\'DEll l\L-\TTHEWS
TnmIAs KELSOK PAGE .
.LUIES 'Vnrrcmm RILEY
HARRY STILLWELL EDWARDS
EDITH MATILDA TnmIAS
HE
RY CUYLER BUNKER
O
STEEL.
MISCELLA
EOUS.
. FRONTISPIECE.
PAGE
12
38
74
88
108
132
140
154
188
LITERATURE
OF THE REPUJ3LIC
PART IY- -CONCLuDED
18Gl-1888
THERE is a feeling of Etemity in youth which makes us amends for everJthing. To be young
is to be as one of the Immortali".
'YILLIA
I HULITT. A.D. 1821.
America has still a long vista of years stretching before her in which she will eujoy condi-
tions far more auspicious than England can count npon. And that AmcrÌl"a nlarks the high-
est level, nut only of material" ell-ùeing, hut of i
temgence and happiness, whieh the race
has yet attained, will ùe the judgment of those who look not at the favored few for whose
benefit the worM seems hitherto to have framed its institutions, but at the whole body of the
people.
JA'tIES BRYCE. A.D. 1888.
A)IERICA.
l' or force nor fraud shall l'under us! Oh, ye
".ho nOI"th or south, on east or western lanù,
1'ative to noble sounùs, ðay truth for truth,
Freedom for freedom, love for love, and God
For God; ob ye who in eternal youth
Speak with a living and creative flood
This unÏ\'er"al English, and do stand
Its breathing book; live WOl"thy of that grand
Heroic utterance-parted, yet a whole,
Far yet unsevered,-children brave and free
Of the great :;\Iotllel.-tongue, and ye shall be
Lords of au cmpire wide as Shakespeare's soul,
Sublime as -'Iilton's immemorial theme,
And rich as Chaucer's speech, and fair as Spenser's dream.
SYDXEY DOllELL. A.D. 185-.
-That in us which more distinctively than anything else we Can call Americanii"m-our faith
in humanity, our lm"e of equaJity. One cannut claim that Americans of Engli:"h origin are
alone the depositaries of this belief, this passion. . The ideal America, wbku is the
only real America, is not in the keeping of anyone race; her destinies are Wo large for that
custody; the Englì::;h race is only one of many races with which her future rests.
'VILLLUI DEA
HOWELL:,. A.D. lS
a.
Literature is the fragment of fl"ag-ments. The smallest part of what has been done and
spolwD has been recorded; and the smallest part of what has been recorded has '<urvived
JOIIAI\
'YOLFGA
G '.02\ GOETliE. A.D. 1
'}-.
LI'J:'ERATURE
OF THE REPUBLIO.
PART I'
.-CoxcLrDED.
1861-1888.
ß:1at}! ßoatllcø ;fflurfrcc.
BORN at Granthmds, near l\Iurfree!'boro', Tenn.
THE "IIAR
T" TIL\T WALKS CHILHOWEE.
[F1'om the Stm'y by that title.-In the Temtp.<;.<;ee ..J[ol(ntat
lls. By Clwdes Egbert
Cmdduck. lSt'-l.]
T IlE hreeze freshencd, after the sun weut down, and the hop anù gourd
rines were all astir as they clung about the little porch where Clarsie wa
sitting now, iùle at last, The rain-clouds had disappeared, anù there bent oyer
the dark, heavily wooded ridges a palc blue sky, with here and there the cry
-
talline :-;parkle of a
tar, A halo was shimmering in the cast, where the mists
had gathered about the great white moon, hanging high ahove the mountains.
:Koiselcsð wiugs flitted through the dusk: now and then thf' bats swept by 80
cltJ
e as to wayc Clarsie's hail' with the wind of their flight. "-hat an airy,
glittL'ring, magical thing wa
that gigantic F:pidcr-weL
u
pelltled between the
F:iln'r moon and her shining eve
! E,"er and
llIon there came from the woods
a strange, weird, IOJJg-dl'a
nl' sigh, unlike the stir of the wiIHl in UH' trce
.
unlike the fret of the water on the rocks. "'as it the voicele:-'8 f:orrowof the
sarl earth? Therc were stars ill the night besiùes those known to astronomers:
the stell ularfire-flies gemmed the black sha l IOWF: with a fluctuating hrilliuncy;
they cirC'led in and out of the porch, and touched the ll',l\"cs ahoyc Clarsie's
bead with quivering poinboflight. A ::;teadil'raud all intenser g]eam wa
ad-
6
MARY NOAILLES .JfURFREE,
[1861-8S
mouth of hell mought hev done, an' thar be !:'cen Reuben Crabb's face. He
say he never scen sech a face! Its mouth war open, an' its eyes war a-startin'
out on its head, an' its skin war whitc till it war blue; an' ef the devil hed hed
it a-bangin' over the coals that minit it couldn't hev looked no more skeered.
But that war all that Bob seen, 'kase he j<.'s' shet his eycs an' screeched an
screeched like be war destructed, An' w hell be stopped a second tel' kctch
his breath he hearu su'thin' a-answerin' him back, sorter weak-like, an'
thaI' war little Peggy a-pullin' through the laurel. Y c know sho's too little
tel' talk good, but the folks down ter our house believes she seen the harnt,
too. "
"
Iy Lord! " exclaimed Peter Giles. "I 'low I couldn't live a minit ef I
war ter see that thaI' harnt that walks Chilhowee! "
" I know I couldn't, " said his wife.
"K or me, nuther," murmured Clarsie.
",y aal," sa
d Tom, resuming the thread of his narrative, "we hev all heen
a-talkin' down yander tel' our house tel' make out the reason why R<.'uben
Crabb's harnt bey sot out tcr walk jes' sence 7tis brotller Joel died,-'kaPoe it
war never ::;een afore then. An o ez nigh ez we kin make it out, the reason is
'kase thaI' 's nobody lef' in thish yar worl' what believ<.'s he warn't tel' blame in
that tbar killin' 0' Sam Grim. Joel always swore ez Reuben never killed him
no more'n nuthin'; that Sam's own pistol went off in his own hand, an' shot
him through the heart jes' ez he war a-drawing of it tel' shoot Reuhen Crahb.
An' I hev hearn other men ez war a-standin' hy say the same thing, though
them Grims te1ls another tale; Lut ez Reuben never owned no pistol in his
life, nor kerried one, it don't :pear ter me ez what them Grims say air rea::,on-
able. Joel always swore ez Sam Grim war a mighty mean man,-a great big
feller like him a-rockin' of a deformed little critter, an' a-mockin' of him,
an' a-hittin' of him. An' the day of the fight Sam jes' knocked him down fur
nutbin' at all; an' afore ye could wink Reuben jumped up 8uddint, an' flew
at him like an eagle, an' struck him in the face. An' then Sam draw<.'d his
pistol, an' it went off in his own hand o an
shot him through the h('art, an'
killed him dead. Joel saiù that ef he could hev kep' that pore little critter
Reuben still, an' let the sheriff arrest him peac<.'able-like, he war sure the jury
wouldbev let him off; 'kase how war Reuben a-goin' ter
hoot eunybody when
Sam Grim nen>r left a-holt of the only pistol between 'em, in life, or in death?
They tells me they hcù tel' hury Sam Grim with that thaI' pistol in his hand;
his grip war too tight fur death to unloose it. But.r oel said that Reuben war
sartain they'd hang him. lIe bedn't never seen no jestice from enny one
man, an' he couldn't look fur it from twelve men, So he jes' sot out ter run
through the woods, like a painter or a wolf. ter be hunted by the sheriff, an'
he war run down an' kilt in the road. Joel said he kep' up arter the sheriff
ez well e7. he could on foot,-fur the Crabbs never hed no horse,-ter tr,' ter
beg fur Reuben. ef he war cotched, an 0 tel] how little an' how weakly he 'war.
I never seen a young man's head turn white like Joers done; he said he reck-
oned it war hi
trouùles. But tel' the las' he stuck tor his rifle faithful. He
war a powerful hunter; be war out rain or shiue, hot or cold, in sech weather
ez other folks woulù think thaI' warll't no use in tryin' tel' do nuthin' in. I'm
1861-88]
..JIAR Y NOAILLES JIURJi'REE,
7
mightily afeard 0' seein' Reuben, now, that's a fac', " concluded Tom, frank-
ly; "'kase I hev bearn tell, an' I believes it, that ef a barnt speaks ter ye, it
air sartain ye're bound tel' die right then."
"'Pears ter me," said )lrs. Glles, ., ez many mountings ez thar air round
hyar, he mought hev tuk ter walkill' some 0' them, stiddier Chilhowee."
There was a sudden noise close at hand: a great inverted splint-basket,
from which came a sound of flapping wings, began to move slightly back and
forth. l\Irs, Giles gasped ou t an ejaculation of terror, the two men sprang to
their feet, and the coy Clarsie laughed aloud in an exuberance of delighted
mirth, 'forgetful of her shyness. "I declar' tel' goodness, you-uns air all
skeered fur true! Did ye think it war the harnt that walks Chilhowee ?"
"What's under that thaI' basket? " demanded Peter Giles, rather sheep-
ishly as he sat down again.
"N uthin' but the duck-legged Dominicky," said Clarsie, "what air beill'
broke up from settin'." The moonlight was full upon the dimpling merri-
ment in her face, upon her shining e)es and parted red lips, and her gurgling
laughter was pleasant to hear. Tom Pratt edged his chùir a trifle nearer, as
he, too, sat down.
"Ye oughtn't never ter break up a duck-legged hen, nor a Dominicky,
nuther," he volunteered, "'kase they air sech a good kind 0' hen ter kerry
chickens; but a hen that is duck-legged an' Dominicky too oughter be let tel'
set, whether or no."
Had he been warned in a dream, he could have found no more secure road
to Clarsie's favor and interest than a discussion of the poultry. "I'm a-think-
in'," she said, "that it air too hot fur hens tel' set now, an' 'twill be till the
las' of August."
"It don't 'pear ter me ez it air hot much in J nue up hyar on C'hiIhowee,-
thar's a differ, I know, down in the valley; but till July, on Chilhowee, it
ùon't 'pear ter me ez it air too hot tel' set a hen. Au' a duck-legged Domi-
nicky air mighty barù ter break up."
"That's a fac'," Clarsie admitted; "but I'll hev ter do it, somehow, 'kase
I ain't got no eggs fur her, All my hens air kerryin' of chickens."
" 'Vaal! " exclaimed Tom, seizing his opportunity, "Ill bring ye some
ter-morrer night, when I come agin. \Ve-uns hey got eggs tel' our house."
"Thanky," said Clarsie, shyly smiling.
This unique method of courtship would have progre:-sed very prosperously
but for the interference of the elders, who are an element always more or less
ad verse to love-making, "Y e ough ter turn out yer hen now, Clarsie," said
1\lrs. Giles, c. ez Tom air a-goin' ter bring ye ::,ùme eggs ter-morrer. I wonder
ye don't think it's mean ter keep her up longer'll ye air obleeged ter. Ye
oughter remember ye war called a merciful critter jes' ter-day,"
Clarsie rose precipitately, raised the basket, and out flew the" duck-legged
Dominicky," with a frantic flutter and hysterical cackling. But )lrs, Giles
was not to be diverted from her purpose; her thoughts had recurred to the
absurd episode of the afternoon, and with her reli811 of the incongruity of the
joke i:5he opened upon the subject at once.
" \Vaal, rrom," she said, "we'll be hevin' Clarsie married, afore long, I'm
8
VARY NOAILLEB .J.llURFREE.
[1861-88
a-thinkin'." The young man sat bewildered. He, too, had entertained views
concerning Clarsie's speedy marriage, but with a distinctly personal applica-
ti(;m; and this frank mention of the matter by
1rs. Giles had a sinister sug-
gestion that })erhaps her ideas might be antagonistic. "An' who d 'ye think
hev been hyar ter-day, a-speakin' of complimints on Clarsie?" He could not
answer, but he turned his head with a look of inquiry, and
Irs. Giles contin-
ued, a He is a mighty peart, likely boy,-lte is."
There was a growing anger in the dismay on Tom Pl"att's face; he leaned
forward to bear the name with a fiery eagerness, altogether incongruous with
his usuallack-lnstre manner.
"Old Simon Burney!" cried
1rs. Giles, with a burst of laughter. .. Old
Simon Bunzey! Jes' a-speak in' of complimints on Clarsie !"
The young fellow drew back with a look of disgust. H'Vby. he's a old
man; he ain't no fit husband fur Clarsie."
"Don't ye be too sure ter count on that. I war jes' a-layin' off ter tell Clar-
sie that a gal oughter keep mighty clar 0' widowers, 'thout she wants ter mar-
ryone. Fur I believes," said )Irs, Giles, with a wild flight of imagination,
" ez them men bev got some sort'n trade with the Evil One, an' he gives 'em
the power tor witch the gals, somehow, so's ter git 'em tel' marry; 'kase I don't
think that any gal that's got good sense air a-guin' ter be a man's second
ch'ice, an' the mother of a whole pack of step-ebil'rell, 'thout she air under
some sort'l1 spell. But them men carries the day with the gals, ginerally, an'
I'm a-thinkin' they're banded with the Devil. Ef I war a gal, an' a smart,
peart boy like Simon Burney kem around-a-speakin' of complimillts, an' say-
in' I war a merciful critter, I'd jes' give it up, an' marry him fur second ch'ice.
Thar's OTIC blessin'," she continued, contemplating the possibility in a cold-
blooded fashion positively revolting to Tom Pratt: ., be ain't got no tribe of
chil'ren fur Clarsie tel' look arter; nary chick nor child hev old Simon Bur-
ney got. lIe hed two, but they <lied."
The young mall took leave presently, in great depression of spirit,-the
idea that the wiùower was banded with the powers of evil was rather oyer-
whelming to a man whoðe dependence was illlllerely mortal attractions; and
after he had been gone a little while Clarsie ascended the ladder to a nook in
t he roof, which she called her room,
For the first time in her life her slumber was fitful and restless, long inter-
vals of wakefulllesl'i alternating \yith snatches of fantastic dreams. ....\.t last
she rose anù sat by the rude window, looking out through the chestnut leaves
at the great moon, which had begun to dip toward the dark uncertainty of
the westcrn ridges, and at the shimmering, translucent, pearly mist
that
filled the intermediate valleys. All the air wa::; dew and incense
so subtle
and penetrating an oùor c;me from that fir-tree beyond the fence that it
seemed as if some invigorating infusion were thrilling along her veins; there
floated upward, too, the warm fragrance of the clover, and every breath of
the gentle wind brought from oyer the stream a thousand blended, undistin-
guishable perfumes of the deep forests beyond, The moon's idealizing glam-
our bad left no trace of the uncouthness of the place which the daylight re-
vealed; the little log house, the great overhanging chestnut-oaks, the jagged
1861-88]
llAR Y NOAILLES Mf:RFREE.
9
precipice before the door, the vague outlines of the distant ranges, all suffused
with a magic sheen, might have seemed a stupendous alto-rilievo in siher
repoussé. Still, there came here and there the sweep of the bat's dusky
'wings; even they were a part of the night's witchery. A tiny owl perched for
a moment or two amid the dew-tipped chestnut-leaves, and gazed with great
round eyes at Clarsie as solemnly as she gazed at him.
"I'm thankful enough that ye hed the grace not tel' screech while ye war
hyar," she said, after the bird had taken his flight. "I ain't ready tel' die yit,
an' a screech-owel air the sure sign."
She felt now and then a great impatience with her wakeful mood. Once
she took herself to task:" Jcs' a-sittin' up hyar all night, the same ez of I war
a fox, or that thar harnt that walks ChiHlOwee !" ,
And then her mind re,erted to Tom Pratt, to old Simon Burney, and to
her mother's emphatic and oracular declaration that widowers are in league
'with Satan, and that the girls upon whom they cast the eye of supernatnral
fascination have no choice in the matter. "I wish I knoweù ef that thar sav-
in' war true," she murmured, her face still turned to the western spurs, mîd
the moon sinking so slowly toward them.
1Vïth a sudden resolution she rose to her feet. She knew a way of telling
fortunes which was, according to tradition, infallible, and she determined to
try it, and ease her mind as to her future. K ow was the propitious moment.
"I hey always hearn that it won't come true 'thout ye try it jes' before day-
break, an' a-kneel in' down at the forks of the road." She hesitated a moment
and listened intently, "They'd never git done a-laffin' at me, of they fund
it out," she thought.
There wa::; no sound in the house, and from the dark woods arose only those
monotonous voices of the night, so familiar to her cars that she acc
ullted
their murmurous iteration as silence too. Bhe leaned fat. out of the low 'win-
dow, caught the wide-
preading branches of the tree besiùe it, and swung
h
n
clf noisele:3s1y to the ground, The road before her was dark with the
shadowy foliage and dank with the dew; but now and then, at long intervals,
there lay athwart it a bright bar of light, where the moonshinc fell through
a gal' in the trees, Once, as she went rapidly along her way. she saw
}Jeeding
acro:-:s the white radiance, lying just before her feet, the ill-onwned shallow
of a rabbit. She paused, with a superstitious sinking of the heart, and 8he
hcard the animal's quick, leaping rUí'h through the bushes near at hallel ; but
she mustered herconrage, anù kept steadily on. "Tain't no use a-goiu' back
ter git :-;het 0' bad luck," I'he argued. "Ef old Simon Burney air my fortune,
he'll come whether or llO,-of all they ::;:IY air true."
The serpentine road cune<<l to the mountain's brink before it forked, and
there wa::; again that familiar picture of precipice, and far-away ridges. and
shining mist, and sinking moon, which was vi
ibly turning from silver to gold.
The changing lustrc gilded the feathery ferns that grew in the marshy dip.
Just at the angle of the din.rgeut paths there rose into the air a great mað
of
indistinct white blos;:;oms, which she knew were the exquisite mountain aza-
leas, and all the dark forcst was starred with the blooms of the laurel.
She fixed her eyes UPOll the mystic sphere dropping down the sky, knelt
10
.JfARY NOAILLES JIURFREE.
[1861-88
among the azaleas at the forks of the road, and repeated the time-honored in-
vocation :-
"Ef I'm a-goin' tel' marry a youngman, whistle, Bird, whistle. Ef I'm a-go-
in' tel' marry an old man, low, Cow, low. Ef I ain't a-goin' ter marry nobody
knock, Death, knock."
There was a prolonged silence in the matutinal freRhness and perfume of
the woods, She raised her head, and listencd attentively. Ko chirp of half-
awakened bird, no tapping of wood-peckel', or the mysterious death-watch;
but from far along the dewy aisles of the forest, the ungrateful Spot, that
Clarsie had fed more faithfully than herself, lifted up her voice, and
et the
echoes vibrating. Clarsie, howe\er, had hardly time for a pang of dÜ;appoint-
ment. 'Yhile she Rtill knflt among the azaleas her large, deer-like eyes were
í'uddenlv dilated with terror, From around the curve of the road came the
quick b
at öf hastening footsteps, the sobbing sound of panting hreath, and
ùetwel'n her and the sinking moon there pasðed an attenuated, one-armed fig-
ure, with a pallid, sharpened face, outlined for a moment on its brilliant
disk, and dreadful starting eyes, and quivering open mouth. It disappeared
in an in:-:tant among the shadows of the laurel, and Clarsie, with a horrible
fear clutching at her heart, sprang to her feet.
Her flight was arrestC'd hy otllC'r sounds. Bdore her reeling senses could
distinguish them, a party of hor
emen plunged down the road. They reined
in suddenly as their eJes fell upon her, and their leader, an eager, authorita-
tiye man, was a::;king her a question. 'fhy could she not understand him?
,rith her Ilerveless hands feebly catching-at the shrubs for support, she li
t-
ened \aguely to his impatient, meaningless words, and saw with helpless dep-
recation the rising anger in his face, But there wa::; no time to be lost. "
ith
a cur
e upon the stupidity of the mountaineer, who couldn't speak when she
was spoken to, the party sped on in a sweeping gallop, and the rocks and the
steeps were hilarious with the sound.
,rhen the last faint echo was hushed, Clarsie tremblingly made her way
out into the road; not rC'assnred, however, for she had a frightful conviction
that there was now and then astrangestirin thr laurel. and that she was stealth-
ily watched, lIeI' eyes were fixed upon the dense growth with a morbid fas-
cination, as she moved away; but she wus once more rooted to the i;}>ot when
the leavC'ð parted and in the golden moonlight the gbObt stood before her, She
could not nerre herself to rnn past him, and he was directly in her way home-
ward. His face was white, and lined. and thin; that pitiful quiver was neyer
still in the parted lips: he looked at her with faltering, beseeching eyes. Clar-
sie's merciful heart wa::;
tirred. "'Vlwt ails ye, ter come back hyar, au' fol-
IeI' me?" she cried out, abruptly.
\.nd then a great horror fell upon her.
'Ya::; not one to whom a ghost should speak doomed to death, sudden and im-
mediate?
The ghost replied in a broken, shivering ",oice, like a wail of pain, ,. I war
a-staryin',-I war a-starvin', " with despairing iteration.
It was all over, ClarsiC' thought. The ghost had spoken, and she was a
doomed creature, She wondered that she did not fall dead in the road. But
while tlw
e beseeching eyes were fastened in piteous appeal on hers, she could
18Gl-8S]
MAR Y NOAILLES .MURF'REE.
11
not lea-,e him. "I never hearn that 'bout ye," sho said, reflectively. "I knows
ye hedawful troubles while yo war alive, but I never knowed ezyewarstan"ed,"
Surely that was a gleam of sharp
urprise in the ghost's prominent eye
,
succeeded by a sly intelligence.
"Day is nigh tel' breakin', .. Clarsie admonished him, að tho lower rim of tbe
moon touched the silver mists of the west. "\Vhat air ye a-wantin' of me? "
There was a sbort silence. l\Iind travels far in such interyals. Clarsie's
thoughts had overtaken the scenes when sbe should have died that sudden
terrible death: when there would be no one left to feed the chickcns ; when
no OIle would carc if the pigs cried with the pang:; of hunger, nnless, indeed,
it were time for them to be fattened before killing. The mare,-how often
would. she be taken from the plough, and shut up for the night in her shanty
without a drop of water, after her hard day's work! ,rho would churn, or
spin, or weave? Clarsic could not understand how tho machinery of the uni-
"\"erse could go on without her, And Towso, }luor Tuwse! He was a useless
cumberer of the gronnd, and it was hardly to bo supposed that after his pro-
tector was gone ho would be spared a blow or a bullet, to hasten his lagging
death, But Clarsie still stood in the road, and watched the face of the ghost,
as he, with his eagor, starting eye:-::, scanned her open, ingenuous countenance.
"Ye do ez ye air bid, or it'll be the worse for ye," said the" harnt," in the
same quivering, shrill tOlle. "Thar's hunger in tho nex' worl' ez well ez in
this, an' Je bring me some vittles hyar this time tor-morrer, an' don't ye tell
noùody ye hey seen me, nuther, or it'll be the worse for yet "
There was a threat in his eyes as he disappeared in the laurel, and left the
girl standing in the last ra,y8 of muonlight.
-\ curious doubt was stirring in Clarsie's mind when she reached houl(', in
the early dawn, and heard her father talking about the sheriff and hÜ; pos::;C',
who had stopped at the house in the night, and roused its inmates, to know
if they had seen a man pass that way.
"Clarsie never hearn none 0' the noise, I'll be bound, 'kase she always sleeps
like a log," said )11'8. Giles, as her daughter came in with the pail, after milk-
ing the cow. "Tell her 'bout'll it."
"They kern a-bustin' along hyar a while afore day-break, a-runnin' arter
the man, " drawled :Mr. Giles, dramatically. "An' they knocked me up, tel'
know ef cnn
'body hed passed. An' one 0' them men-I ne,"er sC'C'n none of 'em
afore; they's all valley folks, I'm a-thinkill'-an' one of 'em hrnh. his saddle-
girt' a good piece down the road, an' he kem back tel' borrer mine; au' e7. we
wara-fixill' of it, lw tole mo what they war all arter. IIe
aid that 'word war tuk
tel' the sheriff down yancler in the ntlley- 'pears tel' me them town-folks don't
think nobody in the mountings heY" got good sense-word war tuk ter the 81w1'-
iff 'hout this one-armed harnt that walks Chilhowee; an' he sot it down that
HC'ubell Cra1Jh warn't dead at all, an' Joel jes' pUl'tentletl ter hev buried him,
an' it air Reuben hissclf that walks Chilhowec. An' thaI' air two hunderd
dollars bloocl-rnoney rcward fur eunybody C'z kin ketch him. rrhesc hyar val-
ley folks air powerful cur'ous critters,-two hund('l'd dollars blood-money re-
ward fur that thaI' harnt that walk::; Chilhowee! I jcs' ::;ot myself tcr laffin'
w hen that thar CUðð tole it so solemn, I jes' 'luwed tel' him ez he couldn't
12
MARr :AOAILLES MURFREE.
[1861-88
shoot a harnt nor hang a harnt, an' Reuben Crabb hed about got doue with
his persecutions in this worr. An' he said that by the time they hed scoured
this mounting, like they heel laid off tel' do, they would find that that thar
Jmny little harnt war nuthin' but a mortal man, an' could be kep' in a jail ez
handy ez enny other flesh an' blood. He said the sheriff 'lowed ez the rcason
Reu ben hed jes' taken ter walk Chilhowee sence Joel died is 'kase thaI' air 'no-
body ter feed him, like Joel done, mebbe, in the nights; an' Reuben always
war a pore, one-armed, weakly critter, what can t e\'en kerry a gun, an' ho air
driv by hunger out'n the hole whar he stays, tel' prowl round the corn-fields
an' hen-coops tel' steal suthin',-an' that's how he kem tel' he seen frequent,
The sheriff 'lowed that Reuben can't find enough roots an' yerbs tel' keep him
up; but law!-a harnt eatin '! It jes' sot me off ter laffin'. Reuben Crabb hey
been too busy in torment fur the lase four year tel' be a-studyin' 'bout eatin ';
an' it ail' his harnt that walks Chilhowee. "
The next morning, hefore the moon sank, Clarsie, with a tin pail in her
hand, went t.o meet the ghost at the appointed place. She understood now
why the terrible doom that falls upon those to wlwm a spirit may chance to
speak had not descended upon her, and that fear was gone: but the secrecy
of her errand weighed heavily, She had .been scrupulously careful to put into
the pail only such things as had fallen to her share at the table, and which
he
had saved from the meals of yesterday. "A gal that goes a-robbin' fur a hon-
gry harnt," was her moral reflection, "oughter be throwed bodaciously off'n
the bluff. "
She found no one at the forks of the
'oaù. In the marshy dip were only
the myriads of mountain azaleas, only the masses of feathery ferns, only the
coustellated glories of tho laurol blooms. A sea of shining white mist was in
the valley, with glinting golden rays striking athwart it from the great cresset
of the sinking moon; here and there the long, dark, horizontal line of a Jis-
tant mountain's summit rose abovo the \'aporous shi mmer, like a dreary, SOlll-
bre island in the midst of enchanted waters. Her large, dreamy eyes, so wild
and yet so gentle, gazed out through tho laurel leaves upon the floating gilded
flakes of light, as in the deep coverts of the mountain, where the fulvous-
tinted deer were lying, other eyes, as 'wild and as gentle, dreamily watched
the vanishing moon. Overhead, tho filmy, lace-like clouds, frotting the blue
hea\ens, were tingod with a faint rO::ie. Through the trecs she caught a
glimpse of the red sky of dawn, and the glister of a grcut lucent, tremulous
star. From tho ground, misty blue exhalations were rising, alternating with
the long linc::; of golden light yet drifting through the woods. It was all yery
still, very pcaceful, almost holy. One could hardly believe that these con80-
crated solitudes had once reyerherated with the echoes of man's death-dealing
ingenuity, and that Reuben Crabb had fallcn.
hot through and through,
amid that wealth of flower::; at the forks of the road. She hettrd suddenlY the
far-away baying of a hound. "Her grcat eyes dilated, and sho lifted her head
to listen, Only the solomn silence of the woods, the slow sinking of the noi
e-
less moon, the voiceless splenùor of that eloquent daY-8tar.
:Morning was close at hand, anù she was beginning to wonder that the ghost
did not appear, whell the lea\"es fell into abrupt commotion, and he wa::; stanù-
-
,
-,
'Ì.
'.
.
þ
..
,
-:-/
;;Ç
fAøJu q6o,t-
1861-88]
MAR Y .NOAILLES M[
RFREE.
13
ing in the roa(l, be
ide her. He did not speak, but watched her with an eager,
questioning intentness, as she placed the contents of the pail upon the moss
at the roaùside. "I'm a-comin' agin ter-morrer," she said, gently. He made
no reply, quickly gathered the food from the ground, and disappeared in the
deep shades of the woods.
She had not expected thanks. for she was accustomed only to the gratitude
of dumb beasts; but she was Hlguely conscious of something wanting, as she
stood motionless for a moment, and watched the burnished rim of the moon
slip down behind the western mountains. Then she slowly walked along hel'
misty way in the dim light of the coming dawn. rrhere was a footstep in the
road behind her; she thought it was the ghost once more. She turned, and
met Simon Burney, face to face. Hið rod was on his shoulder, and a string of
fish was in his hand.
" Ye air a-doin' wrongful, Clarsie," he
aid.
ternly. " It air agin the law
fur folks ter feed an' shelter them ez is a-runnin' from jestice, An' ye'H git
yerself inter trouble. Other folks will find ye out, besides me, an' then tl]e
sherifI'll be up hym' arter ye. "
The tears rose to Clarsie's eyes. This prospect was infinitely more terrify-
ing than the awful doom which follows the horror of a ghost's speech.
" I can't holp it, " shc said, however, doggedly swinging the pail back and
forth. "I can't gin my con
ent ter star\""Ïn' of folks, even ef they air a-hidin'
an' a-runnin' from jestice. "
"They mought put ye in jail, too,-I dunno," suggested Simon Burney.
" I can't holp that, nutlwr, .. said Clarsic, the sohs rising, and the tears fall-
ing fast. "Ef they comes an' gits me, and puts me in the pen'tiary away
down yander, somewhars in the valley, like they clone Jane Simpkins, fur
a-cuttin' of her step-nwther's throat with a butcher-knife, while she war
asleep,-though some said Jane war cnlzy,-I can't gin my consent ter starv-
in' of folks. ..
A recollection came over Simon Burney of the simile of "hendering the
sun from shining."
"8he hev done sot it down in hcr mind," he thought, as he walked on be-
side her and looked at her re80lnte face. Still he did not relinquish his effort.
"Doin' wrong, Clarsie, tel' aid folks what air a-doin' wrong, an' mebbe ltev
done wrong, air powerful hurtful ter everybody, an' hClHlers the law an' jes-
tice. ..
"I can't holp it, " saiel Clarsie.
"It 'pears tol('r'ble comical tel' me, .. fo:aid Simon Burney, with a sudden
perception of a curious fact which has proved a manel to wiser men, " that
no matter how good a woman is, she ain't got no rC8pect fur the laws of the
country, an' don't sot. no store by jestice. " After a momentary silcnce he ap-
pealed to her on another ba
i
. "Somebody will ketch him arter a while, ez
:,ure {'z ye air horn. The sheriff's a-snrchin' now, an' hy the timc that word gits
around, all tho mounting boys'll turn out, 'kase thaI' air two hUllderd dollars
blooù-money fur him. ..An' then he'll think, when they ketchcs him,-all'
everybody'll say so, too,-ez ye war constant in fecùin' him jes' ter 'tico him
ter comill' ter onc place, 80 ez yo coulù tell
oml'Lody whar tel' go tel' ketch
14
MARY J.YOAILLES .J.llURFREE.
[1861-8S
him, an' make them gin ye haffen the blood-money, mebbe. That'swhatthe
mounting will say, mos' likely."
"I can't holp it, " said Clarsie, once more.
He left her walking on toward the rising sun, and retraced his way to the
forks of the l."oac1. The jubilant morning was filled with the song of birds;
the sunlight flashed on the dew; all the delicate enamelled bells of the pink
and white azaleas were swinging tremulously in the wind; the aroma of ferns
and mint rose on the delicious fresh air. Presently he checked his pace, creep-
ing stealthily on tho moss and grass beside the road rather than in the beaten
path. He pulled aside the leaves of the laurel with no more stil" than the wind
might haye made, and stole cautiously through its dense growth, till he came
suddenly upon the puny little ghost, lying in the sun at the foot of a tree.
The frightened creature sprang to his feet with a wild cry of terror, but be-
fore he could move a step he was caught and held fast in the strong grip of
the stalwart mountaineer beside him. "I hev kem hyar ter tell ye a word,
Reuben Crabb, .. said Simon Burney. "I hey kem hyar tel' tell ye that the
whole mounting air a-goin' ter turn out tel' sarch fur ye; the sheriff air a-rid-
in' now, an' ef ye don't come along with me they'll hey ye afore night, 'kase
thaI' air two hundercl dollars reward fur yet "
'Vhat a piteous wail went up to the smiling blue sky, seen through the dap-
pling leaves above them! \Yhat a horror, amI de
pair, and prescient agon)-
were in the hunted creature's face! The ghost strugg-lecl no longer; he sli ppecl
from his feet down upon the roots of the tree, and turned that wof111 face,
with its starting eyes and drawn muscles and quivering parted lips, up toward
the uuseeing sky.
"God .L\.'mighty, man! " exclaimed Simon Burney, moved to pity.
,. \Yhyn't ye quit this hyar way of livin' in the woods like Je war a wolf?
'Vhyn't ye come back an' stand yer trial? Prom all I've hearn tell, it 'pears
ter me ez the jury air ohleeged ter Jet ye off, an' I'll take keer of ye agill them
Grims. "
" I hain't got no place tel' Ii ve in, .. cried ou t the ghost, with a keen despair.
Simon Burney hesitated. Reubon Crabb was possibly a murderer,-at the
best could but be a burden. The burden, however, had fallen in his way, and
he lifted it.
"I tell ye now, Reuben Crabb, .. he said, "I ain't a-goin' ter holr no man
tel' break the law an' henùer jestice; but ef ye will go an' stand yer trial, l'll
take keel' of ye agin them Grims ez long ez I kin fire a rifle. An' .lrter the
jury hev done let ye off, ye air welcome tel' live along 0' me at my house till
ye die. Ye air no 'couut ter work, I know, but I ain't a-goin' ter grudge ye
fur a livin' at my house."
And so it came to pass that the reward set upon the head of the lmrnt that
walked Chilhowee was never claimed.
'Vith his l)owerful ally, the forlorn little spectre went to stand his tria], and
the jury acquitted him without leaving the box. Then he came back to the
mountains to live with Simon Burney. The cruel gibes of his burly mockers
that had beset his feeble life from his childhood up, the dC'privation and lone-
lines:; and de
pair and fear that had filled those days when he walkell Chil-
1861-b8]
ISAAC HEXDER801't-:
15
howee, had not improved the barnt's tem!1er. He was a helpless creature.
not able to carry a gun or hold a plough, and the :rears that he spent smoking
his cob-pipe in Simon Burney's door were idle years and unhappy. But Mrs.
Giles said she thought he was" a mighty lucky little critter: fust, he hed
Joel tel' take keel' of him an' feed him, when he tuk tel' the woods tel' pertend
l.w war a harnt; an' they do say now that Clarsie Pratt, afore she war married.
used ter kerry him vittles, too; an' then old Simon Burney tuk him up an'
fed him ez plenty ez ef he war a good workin' hand, an' gin him clothes an'
house-room, an' put np with his jawin' jes' like he never hearn a word of it.
But law! some folks dunno when they air well off. "
Therewasonlyasluggish currcntolpeasant ulood in Simon Burney's vein5,
but a prince coulJ not have di5pensed hospitality with a more royal hand.
Un grudgingly he gave of his best; valiantly he defended his thankless guest
at the risk of his life; with a moral gallantry he struggled with his sloth, and
worked early and late, that there might be enough to divide. There was no
pos:o;ibility of a recompense for him, not even in the encomiullls of discrimi-
nating friends, nor the satisfaction of tutored feelings and a practised spirit-
ual discernment; for he was an uncouth creature, and densely ignorant.
The grace of culture i
, in its way, a fine thing, but the best that art can do
-the polish of a gentleman-i5 hardly equal to the best that Nature can do
in her higher moods.
1
aac l
ctti)cr
Ott.
BORN in Brooklyn,
. Y., 18.30.
WO:\IAX AKD PRIEST.
[TILe Prelale, lS
G.]
D URING the following week Padre )Iartini visited the vilJa daily, and
had many a chat with the princess and Helen, and many a game with
Leo. On Friday afternoon he did not come, and, as Alessandra was not
feeling very well,
Helen suggested to Leo that the
take a stroll together. ðO
they walked smartly for an hour, while Hekn told the little fellow, in Ital-
ian, the story of "Jack the Giant-Killer, '. to his immense delight. The road
ran throngh a grove, and before turning Lack they sat down to rest under
the boughs of an old chestnut-tree. Presently the sound of hoofs was heard,
and immediateJy the prince appeared upon his favorite horse. He reined up
when he reached them, and tolù them that his horse was going lame and he
had decided to return.
" Take me with you, papa, " pleaded Leo.
The prince smned affectionately upon the boy.
"Can yon ride in front and holel on tightly?"
" Yes, papa. Do take me; it will be such fun!"
" nnt would you leavc Aunt Elena alone? "
II
16
ISAAC HENDERSO.X:
[18(H-88
The child looked distressed. .. I hadn't thought of Aunt Elena; couldn't
you take her behind? ,.
The prince and Helen laughed heartily.
., Go, dear Leo, " said Helen; "I don't mind walking home alone; I shall
be only half an hour behind you. "
" Shall we lea,-e you?" asked the prince, doubtfully.
., Certain ly; the boy wishes to ride, and I don't mind being left."
So, in a moment, she saw them disappear around a bend in the road, little
Leo riding proudly in front of his father.
Helen
at for a few moments. and then started nfter them. She had not
gone far whon she noticed a priest, walking toward her slowly. She glanced
at his face in passing, and, turning impulsively, exclaimed:
., Giuseppe!"
The young man stopped and reganled her curiously.
.. Dio mio! Is it you, signorina?"
" Yes; I am \ery glad to meet you. "
He looked up and down the road anxiously.
.. I lllUst not stop. " he said.
" But I wish to speak with you."
"Signorina, it would bo very dangerous for me to be seen talking with
you; pray permit me to pass on "; and he made a mo,ement as if to leave
her. Helen was in despair, for she felt that an opportunity had come which
was not to be lost. and she looked anxiously for a secluded place where they
could talk with more pl'ivacy. She saw.above her all embankment shaded
by thick trees.
" Let us go up there, " she suggested.
.. It will be better for us not to speak together; have consideration for me,
signorina. "
" I have had more consideration for you than for liFelf; you must hear
what I have to say-come!" and she led the wa). to a !Sheltered spot under a
tree, a dozen yards from the road.
He followed with ovident reluctance; but there was something about the
stern YOllng girl which compolled him to obey her.
"You remember me?" she said, turning to him.
., Perfectly, signorina.".
" You know that I delivered your mes::;age ?"
, · Yes, .'
" You know that I have been faithful to my promise? "
., Thank God, yes!"
.. Do yon know' the conseqnences to me?"
"X 0 "; andlw looked anxiously in her face.
., I dared not take any onc with me to tho mousignore's, and I was seen to
enter his apartment. I was obliged to wait for him until a late hour. I re-
turned home alone, and the next clay an Rome talked of me and of him. Good
women turned from me. Honest Ciu'istians 10okC'd a::;kance at him. His llse-
fulne:5s suffered. )ly reputation perisbed, and I was forced to lea,-e the
friends with whom I was, Y 0111' own sister refused to live with such a woman,
ltìlil-t)t) J
ISAAC HENDERSO..N.
17
and to-day I am worse than dead-I am tainted
., She paused a moment,
and then added, passionately: ,. "
hat future have I? Better none than that
which is beforc me! I am a vile thing in the eyes of the world. They shrink
from me as from a leper, and cry, 'Unclean.'" Her eyes blazed, and, com-
illg close to him, she demanded, "Do I deserve this?"
.. N u; you have suffered a great wrong "; and his heart burned with pity
as he noted her changed appearance.
., I have hecll faithful, then, to my promise,-you believe it ?"
He bowed his head. " But I could not In'event this," he said, "Do you
regret having gone to the monsignore ? "
She looked far through the overhanging trees and into the blue sky beyond,
and a smile crime to her lips, and her face was illumined with a joy which
cau
ed him to marvel.
" No," she said; "no, I don't regret it; I would do it again to gain the
same end. But is my penalty necessary? Con vince me that it is, and I'll
!Jever speak nor think a word of complaint again so long as I live."
He did not reply immediately, but stood looking at her sadly.
.. Yes, signorina, " he said, at last; .. I fear it is JJecessary,"
Rhe pas;;ed her hand over her eyes, as though to see him better.
" Do yon lllran to tell me there is no escape; that I must bear this dis-
gracC' all my life?"
He sighed, " You are terribly to lJe pitied, signorina; but I see no alter-
native. "
She seemed stunned.
"I had better go now," he said. ., I bid you good-by, signorina "; and he
moved toward the road. Recalled to the necessity of action she sprang after
him, and laid her hand upon his arm.
"Do you realize what you are doing?" she demanded. "Y ou have made
me despised; I ask you for justice, and yon treat me as though it bored you
to discuss the matter. I'Unot endure it ! You shall listen to me until I di:-:-
miss you, which I will do when I'm through with you. ..
" You misjudge me, signorina, I pity you-God only knows how much
bnt I am powerle::;s, and word::; are useless." He made a motion as if to
move on.
"So you would leavc me in this terrible position without even telling me
why it is necessary; as though it were F:Oll1e penance you thougbt fit to pnt
UIJon me, Indeed, sir, you underrate the circumstance;:;, and JOU misjudge
nle. "
lIe turned anrllooked full into her face, with flashing eyes.
" "
ell ?.. he said.
"Do you wish the truth made known?"
" Yon had better
trike me dead! "
" "-hat stands in my way? " .
Hi
voice wa
low, hut trembled with excitement, a
he rep}iec1 slow}y:
"Your sacred jJronu:se given in a church of God!"
She had become so accustomed to believing that, evcntually, the priest
would vindicate her, that her expectation had grown into a conviction;
VOL. XI.-2
18
ISAAC HENDERùO.LY.
[1861-88
therefore his words and all that they implied struck her with overwhelming
force.
She looked at the priest anxiously, cla8ping hcr hands together in an effort
to control her excitement,
" I know I am in your power," she said; "but you are human, and you
must pity me, Try to realize my position, Think of your own sister placed
as I am, di
gracecl and despised unjustly. W'hat would you say to the only
man on earth who could "indicate her?"
He leaneJ against a tree, and bnri<,d his face in his hands,
The pleading girl came nearer and laid her hand upon his arm.
"'rill you not at least tell me what keeps yon from admitting the truth ?"
He was silent. She walked :1,way a few paces, and then, turning suddenly,
demanded:
"'Vhat is it? Surely, I have a right to know."
He looked away, anù was still silent,
" Is it conscience? '.
" I ha\e taken oaths, "
"Yon have taken no oath to connive at wickedness."
" But I lla\e a duty to my Church. ..
" Have yon none to the man who has been so kinll to your family and to
you? Haye you .no duty to me, an innocent and helpless woman; Is your
Church the guarùian of crime?"
It was a moment before he replied:
"I warned the monsignore; was that nothing?"
" A heathen would lUlve done it ! Yon did your duty, nothing more."
"But I have my obligations to my Order. ..
" And tu truth and virtue and your fellow-man." He remained silent.
"Sir, "-and she drew herself to her full height,-" )-ou are a cowarù! This
can be no (lueðtion of conscience, because if your Order compels yon to abet
wickedness, you arc already a perjurer and a traitor in having di
clo:5ed what
you did to me. Ku, you are afraid to tell the truth; you fear the ('on
e-
quences, and because of this fear you would sacrifice the man who ha:, lifted
you and yours auo\e the brutes, and blight the life of an innocent woman,
In some way justice will be done. In tho eyc8 uf men you shan yet rank with
Juda:; Iseariot, and the jlHlgment of God will link your lot with hi8."
The wretched youth shrank before her and sank upon his knee3.
"Holy '.Mother of God, what shall I do!" he e
claimed.
,. Stop!" awl. thoroughly al'Ou::;ed, she stood ahuve him qui",ering with
excitement. ":Seyer again dare to supplicate the )lother of J('811S while you
yourself would crucify virtue! "
He gazed upon her awe-:;;;tricken, as she continuer1 :
"Haye YOll no pity? Ko manhood? Xo eon::;cience? )ly promise keeps
me silent; but what forhidð yonI' f:peahiug? Are you truly such a eoward ? ..
,. No. " he said, promlly; "I am not a cmnm.1. '.
" I do not believe you, for there can Le no other rea::;oll."
He covered his face with his hands and rocked backward ànd forward, ,. I
do not know-I do not hllUW, " he cried; "I loyed my Church once," and
lð61-88]
ISAAC HEXDERSON.
19
he groaned with the anguish of his smitten soul. "Xow I am not sure that
I love her more than myself-God help me!"
.. You have to choose between right and wrong. It is clear Jon have al-
ready done a good deed; the question now is, 1\ ill yon turn back, and be the
allvof those whose sin vou hare drnouncec1? You need not stay with those
wl
om you mUðt abhor
The worM is large, and Goù's work ið {lOt confined
tu any peol)le or peculiar order. "
He did not repel thc su
gestion, and, watching him eagerly, she felt that
her words had made an impression.
,. If you will relieve me of this stigma I will provide you with sufficient
money to
ct beyond the reach of yengeance, and to li\
e independently of
your Order. I am rich, awl you know I keep my word, I do not propose to
bribe you to tell the truth; but I will, so far as I can, protect you in telling it. "
He uncovered his face and seemed to be pondering her WOrth:,
.. Don't weigh chances, " she said; ., don't rnea:-;ure result::;; decide to do
what is right. anù that being your fixed purpose we may consider the mate-
rial part. ,.
He passed his hand over his forf'head as though conful'ied. ,. So. f:ignori-
na, '. he sail1,.' I am not a coward, nor do I wish money. In this you are Ull-
just; out I cannot blame you, for JOU have suff('red greatly. Let me speak
frankI). 'fhen I left )Ionsignore Altieri to go to college I judged the whole
Church by him, its representative whom I kne,,' best, and J revered it to the
utmo:-:t depths of my flOUl. Then I studied its traditions and history under
the guidance of men so experienced and gifted that my boyish enthusidsm
became man's complete consecration. Then I took my vows and began my
practical experience. I was pure and earnest, and my ideal was an eÀalted
one. " IIe shuddered. "You cannot imagine what my experience wa::;:
lJCaten from one stronghold to another, clinging always to the last tenacious-
ly, as a son to his faith ill his mother. )fy associates were human, with self-
i
h, sordÜ1 aims; while I. inexpcriencetl in world])"" affairs and lllethods,
judged aU things by the divino btandard. Ono day, in my anguish. I crept
into a cell in an unfrequcuted part of the convent to commune with my
elf
and pray_ Suddcnly I hean1 voi('e
, and, rcscnting any di:::huhancp, I wcnt
to an inner room, perfectly dark and for years unused, and throwing my
elf
upon thl' damp, stone seat, gave way to my disappointment and sorrow. The
yoices did not pas.::; away, but grew more distinct, and presently I heard them
within the outer cd!. I presumed that the intruders were my companions,
and that they would
oon go out again into the ail.. They remained, how-
c,.er, and, withdrawing into the darkest part of the room, came ncar the en-
trance of the inner cell, where I lay within a few feet of them. I was !'ilcnt at
first, because I wished to bide mv èmotion; I remained silent afterwards Le-
cause of the words I beard in connection with the name of Altieri, At la:-:t
some one said that one whu had been a friend of Altieri's must ue found who
would oetray hUll in the intere:,t of the Church, and my name wm; suggested.
I did not recognize the VOiCL'S, nor could I ir1entify them. I only know that
I was half stuBned, and that my heart was weIl-uigh hrokell with shame
and borror. I Ulade up my lllillll that, COllie what might, Altieri slwulù be
20
ISAAC HENDERSON.
[1861-88
warned. I was confident that I would be approached soon in reference to the
matter, and I thought it better to undertake the work than leave it to an
enemy of myoId benefactor, I tried to contrive some way to warn him Le-
fore I should be intrusted with any confidence that would cause them to
watch me. In this I failed, for that night the superior sent for me, and, after
a few general que8tions, began to ask me about my early life. I mentioned,
cnsually, that Altieri had Leen my first in
tructor, and the superior pretended
to Le surprised, and asked me many que
tions about him. In answering, I
spoke of the monsignOl'e with
ome bitterness, half concealed, hut apparently
heartfelt. The superior's face lit up in re
ponse to my seeming emotion, yet
he controlled instantly this manife
tation of feeling. He HJ>oke with
orrow
of Altieri's course, and this gave me an opportunity of deepening the impres-
sion I had made. Little by little. under the encouragement of my apparent
hatred of this pmrerfnl euemy of my Church, the superior became less guard-
ed, until, in a word, he laid Lefore me the part he wished me to play in his
accursed plot, the main features of which he intrusted to me, promising me
high consideration should I succeed.
,. I considered every possible way of communicating secretly and quickly
with Altieri, and at last thought of the plan of telling my sister,-r knew your
habit of going to the festival
at St. Peter's. The rest you know. 0))(' of my
companions, that afternoon, suspected that I had communicated with you
in some way. 'Yhen the plot was frustrated it was generally believed that I
bad warned Altieri; but no one could I1rove it while you and he were silent,
and thus far I'ye escaped punishment, although I know that they hope eyent-
LUtHy to convict me. I heard afterwards that there was a
candal connected
with the monsignore, and I wonderéd if you were the lady: but I did not
think much about JOu; I thought always of him and of my Chureh. Ynu
cannot know how I have suffered, I IHt"e been nearly frantic with diverse
feelings. Should I vindicate my benefactor at the expense of my Church?
A thommnd, tell thousand times I have cried, ( 'Vhat is my duty? 0 Go(l,
show me my duty!' " lIe closed his eyes, and his lip
moved as if in praYl'l'.
At length he spoke again:
(, f'ignorina, nothing can he worse than what I am now experiencing, I
wish F:jncercly to do what is right; but I do not fecI called upon to sacrifice
my liberty and nsefulnes
, even if I can bring myself to state the truth. " He
"'as silent for several minutes; then his face grew stern, and his cla
pe<l
hands trembled, iolently, as he said, in a low tone, "It is decided! I will go
to another lanù, and do what I can for the cause to which my life is con:-;e-
crated. I will accept enough money to take me where I will go, anti I will
meet yon when you wish, and do whatever you may ask! "
Helen could scarcely credit her senses. She paused to control her e"'\:cite-
ment; while her companion, as if to gain strength for the fulfilment uf his
re:;olution, pmyed si1entlv.
,. Come, Sm
day, to th
villa of the Prince Tolozzi. " she said, .. and there
make a written st
tement of the truth, before witnesses. ..
.. I will do so"; and then he added, "
Iy statement shall he kept a
ecret
for ten days after I make it?"
1861-88]
DA VID DE
1fARESl' LLO YD.
21
"Certainly; you shall have every opportunity of getting away in safety."
" At what hour shall I come? "
" At eleven, precisely."
"I will be punctual."
'The sun was sinking below the horizon, and Helen felt that there was noth-
ing to be gained by further words; so she bade him go, while she would re-
main where she was for a few moments, lest some of his companions might
by chance see them together, The poor fellow came forward, and, kneeling
humbly, took her hand and kissed it.
" Signorina," he said, "I am about to make a terrible plunge into a new
world; pray for me ;" and, rising, he turned from her, and in a moment had
disappeared.
abtn iDCIUarcøt fJoptl.
BORN ill :New York, N. Y., 1851. DIED at \Veehawken, :N. J., 1889.
TIlE CONVEXTIO
SCEXE IX "FOR CUXGRESS."
[For Congress. A Political Sketch.-This Comedy u'as first prod/u'pd at the ]!'>tational
Theatre, lVashington, D. C., 1883. 'with Juhn T. Raymond in the part of General
Josiah Limber.]
\CT II.
SCEXE.-.Ânte-room to the Convention Hall. Leaning against
eene are political hanners.
a-- folIow:-;: "W oolley the stern
tatesman'" .. :\lig-g":; Forever, "T oolley X ('\"er."
" 'Ye want reform in the other party." .. The people demanù Zephaniah .i\liggs."
.. Chunkalunk County solid for Woolley. ..
lfJDIBER discm'ered 1l'lch Jonx PRln; and two men.]
I I\IBEIt
ow, hoys, I want 'Yoolley's nomination to he as spontmH'ous as we can
make it. John, I want you to propo
e Peter 'VooHey as a compromise candidate,
on the ground of his deep interest in politics. TIH'n, Tom. I want you to get up and
!'ay you know positively 1\11'. "T oolley will not aec('pt the nomination, and" if any
man dare dispute it, meet me outside." If any of them get up to go out. you re-
main where you arc! 1'111'11, John, YOll make another of your grand efforts aIHI !'ay
that is the very reason he ought to he nominated; that the office should seek the
man. and not the man the of1ì.ee. You're familiar with that tunc! TheIl, Joe. you
demand "T oolley's nomination in the intere..,ts of economy and reform. Throw YOllr
whole weight on reform. 'Ve're all reformers now! Then cast thp vote of your county
for 'Yoolley, you ditto, and then holler! Tell all the boys to holl('r, an<I we'll start
a !'tmnpede for old Pete-that will beat )[igg:-; to pie('('s! Bnt rememher, boys, it
mu,..:t he spontaneou
!
PHICE. Do you think 'Voolley will do the ri!!ht thing hy thc hoys 1
LnmER. John Price, I've heen in politie:; c"el' since I was thirtpf'n years old.
I've bcen calleù a rascal a great mauy times, hut llObolIy has ('vel' taken mc for a
fool. and it's too late to begin now. Now get in, uoys. [ TIle tlll'l'C men [/0 uJI.] Oh,
John! [PHICI<
comes dUlcn
] You tell Bill Dey I see through his little gamc.
22
DA VID DE..lúAREST LLOYD.
[1861-88.
Chunkalunk County isn't solid for W.oolley. He'd have me think it is, and when
the critical moment comes. he'll swing his vote over to )[iggs. Now, John, you
know I never say things I don't know to be true. 'Voolley's worth a million. And
I judge from his appearance that his cnpacity to shell out for the legitimate ex-
penses of the campaign is simply immense! You tell Bill Dey he is making the
biggest mistake of his life. [Enter 'Y OOLLEY.]
LUIBEn. Peter, bere's a special message from his excellency the clerk of the-
Buzzard Hotel. [Hands note tv "
OOLLEY.]
"
OOL. General, I don't understand politics. I can't makf' this out at all.
LnmEu. Why, I ordered a little refreshment for the ooys. They expect it.
" Hon. Peter 'V oolley, "-you're elected, you see, Pete, -" Dr. to the Buzzard Hotel
-$100 fur six hundrcù drinks-for oue hundred frienùs of reform."
[Enter PELHA)I PERRIWI
KLE, J CLIA FREE. and ANYA 'V OOLLEY.]
\.1\
A. Have they begun yet?
JULIA. I don't know. How strange the oM school-house looks.
[Enter :\lRs. .l\IUFFIX.]
ANNA. I ,,'ish it would do for us to go in. I don't see why people think politics
are stupid! They're delightful! I was never so excited in my life.
:Mns.)1. Be still, child. 'Vhen yon're as familiar with politics as I am, you'll
understand these things better.
A
SA. But I can't keep still! Julia! Let's go aud look in.
)[us. )r. Anna, try and behave yourself like a lady.
PELHA)[. [II([.
gone 'lIp stage.] I say, just look at this.
ANNA and JULL\.. Oh, wlmt is it?
)[ns. )L [Pushing in bet IreeJ/ the girls.l Girls, don't he so inquisitive. What is it, eh ?
PELIIAM. [Reading baullU's.] ,,"T oolley the stern Statesman."
AN
A. 'Vhat funny people these politicians are-the idea of calling papa a stern
statesman! [Shouts. Edt PELIIA
I.]
JULIA. But what's this-" The people clemand Zephaniah )Iiggs."
ANNA. The idea of their demanding 1\Iiggs or anybody else when they can get my
papa!
JULIA. Down with )Iigg;;! Woolley forever! [Enter PELHAM.]
PELILUI. I say, they've begun.
JULIA. Oh, do tell us "hat they are doing.
AXXA. I wish I were in tlH're.
)[ns. "1\1. Now, girls, don't he so inquisitive. [Pulls ANNA round w L. R. em'ner.]
What did you say they Were doing?
PELHA:\[. 'Veil, there's a lUan making a speech.
ALL the L
DIES. "Tell, well.
PELHA'L lIe really (Iuite alarmed me, you know. He says the country is going
to destruf'tion.
ANNA. Oh, I wonder if that's true?
JULIA. I think they usually change their minds after election. [Slwuts outside.]
ANNA and .J CLI -\.. Oh, hear that! [They tUJ'll up st(l,ge.]
)Ins. 1\L Girls, don't talk ahout what yon don't understand. The country is in a
deplorable state. General Limber told me all ahout it. [Enta LIMBER.]
LDIBEH. 'Yhy, here's an oasis of ùeauty, blooming right in the desert of politics.
How are you, g-irls ?--How are you, Jule
-I had just finished the platform and was
nbont to take it in.
ANNA. Oh, do let us see it.
1861-88]
.DA VID .DE.J.VARESl' LLO YD.
23
JULIA. Let us hear it.
PELHA:\I. Platform? I don't see any platform.
LUIBER. Our friend from the effete and encrvated East doesn't understand. A
platform is-the resolutions. It's what we say uefore election-we'll do after elec-
tion. 'Ve don't always do it, but we always say it.
\XXA and .JULIA. Oh, do let us hear it.
LnIBER. 'V ouId you like to have me read it just as I am going to read it in
there?
\.SSA and .ft LIA. Oh, do, do!
)IRS. 1\1. Girls, be calm. Look at me, I am perfcctly calm!
":\.SSA. Oh, I am so excited!
LnmER. [Reading.] "Your committee, profoundly impressed with the colossal
importance of the duty intrusted to them, heg lea,'e to report as follows "-ahem!
I. Resolved: That we have met in the millst of a great crisis "-Girls, it is the
})eculiarity of ollr party that we always meet in the midst of a great crisis.
PELILUI. There! I told you so!
LnrnER. '" Rcsolved: That our party is a towpring monument of public virtue,
Resoh'cd: That the other party is a festering slough of political slime."
AKNA. Oh, clear!
)IHS.)I. It's just like poetry. [8110 II (s. Exit PELIIA:\I.]
LUlmm. .1 Resolvcd: That all thc offices should he hestowed upon our party. Re-
solnl!: That if the other party should get any of the offic
s, the stahility of our in-
stitutions would be etcrnally imperilled, and the proud figure of Freedom herself
would totter on her mountain height."
AssA. Oh, how splendid!
JCLL\. Superb! .And so pure, ancllofty in tone.
LumER. I. Resolved "-no, I'll have to fix that. rS1wuts.]
[JcLIA and .A
Å run up to G.]
)IHS. :ì\I. Girls, girls, don't he ðO inquisith'e.
Ass \. I don't care, I'm going in. [Exeunt girls C.]
LnIllER. There! No, no, that won't do. That expresses an iilea.
)Il(s. )I. WelJ, I gncss 1"11 take a little peek myself. [Exit.]
LmnEH. There, that heads either way, like a ferry-boat. [En tn' ::\h!'!' GRnur.]
:;\hss G. Stop! In the name of the down-trod.dcn women of _\merica, I demand
the insertion of this woman-suffrage plank
n the resolutions of the Convention.
LnmER. Oh, thanks.
)hss G. I want to know your personal views on woman suffrage. Xow, I think
the exclusion of women from the poUs is one of the crying evils of the age.
LnIllER. 'V ell-
MISS G. I think our politics will never be pure and picturesque till the refining
influence of woman is fc1t there.
LmllER. "
eU-
)Irss G. I think it is a question our puhlic men must meet at once.
LmnER. 'Yel1-
)hss G. Your vicws arc very satisfactory.
LnmER. I'm glad shc's got my views on woman suffrage. [)Irss G. has taken off
her (ll{(.Q,.
es and 110111 tllrns to LUIllER.] 'Yhat, Jemima Grimm!
)IIS!' G. Why, .Josiah Limber! 'Vhy, I didn't know you at all!
LnIBER. No wonder. You haven't SCf'n me for twenty years, and you're here in
Woolleyville. You must have carpet-bagged a good deal.
'Irss G. Yes, I have, like an school-teachers.
LumER. So have I, like all school-teachers. You're still .Jemima Grimm?
4
DA VID DEMARES1' LLOYD.
[It;61-88
:MISS G. Josiah Limber, in a land where women are denied the right to vote, I
am proud to say I am an old maid!
LumER. "
eH, I've had my ups and downs-mostly downs. Yes, I've seen the
time when smoked herring was stal1ed ox to me. But if the scheme I have now
succeeds, I shan't have to consider my duster in the light of an ul,;ter next winter.
-But Jemima, do you rememuer when we were boys anù girls together in Pennsyl-
vania-at least one boy and one girl? Do you remember how fond I used to be of
you
h:--s G. You always were a fool!
LumEu. I thought you'd remember that! Do yon remember the singing-school,
eh-3lHl that night coming home when the candle went out in the lantern-you re-
member the husking-bees-and the bench under the old apple-tree in the orchard
-and the straw rides ?-Oh, Jemima! [Emb-races her.]
l\hss G. There's someboùy coming. [Enter MRS. MUFFIN; exit l\hss G.]
LumEu. [Pretending to be ah
orbed 'in the platform.] ., Resolved." [",r HS. :\L angry. ]
Jealous! That won't do. She'll withdraw the olù man. Did you observe that little
episode just now?
MRS..)1. I observed what you call an episoùe.
LUIBER. That was political-purely political.
)[ HS. .M. 1 didn't see much politics in it.
LnIBER. Oh, that's politics. That's what we poor politicians have to undergo
al1 the time. You see that's a very dangerous character. She's what we term a wo-
man suffragist, and it won't do for Peter to favor woman suffrage. So I was trying
to conciliate her-smooth her down.
MRS. )1. Yon seemed to be smoothing her down very successfuHy! [SI101ltS. J
[Enter PELlIA:lI. AXXA (tnd JULIA.]
PELH.Ur. I say, Limber, they've begun to vote.
LumER. W cH, I'm glad of it.
PELH.UI. )Iiggs has got the first ten votes.
LDiBER.
rigg-!'! [lf1ls"e.
off, follOired by PELILUI.]
ANNA and JI"LIA. Oh, oh!
MRS.
I. Girls, girls! [ EliteI' PELTIA)I.]
PELHA'1. Five for 'V ooHey! [E.rit. Entel'l\hss G.]
AXXA. Oh, good! but they are only five.
PELHA)1. [Enters.] Five more for 'V oolley! [Exit.]
A:KXA and JULIA. Oh, splendid!
PELIIA)1. [Ente/'s.] Fifteen for
Iiggs. [Exit.]
l\h!".R G. Ah, good!
JULIA. The hateful thing!
::\h!'s G. I don't hesitate to say that I'm for
Iiggs. Miggs is in favor of woman
suffrage,
AXNA. 'Veil, if she's for l\Iiggs, I hope she'll n('ver get the right to vote for him or
anybody el<;e. [Entel' )hKE.]
hKE. I'm all tore up! I want to see
rr. \Voolley nominated, but I hate to see
Moriarty heat. It isn't often an Irishman gets an office. They're too modest! I'll see
how thin7s are going anyhow. [El'it.]
PELHA
I. rEnters.] Ten more for )Iiggs! Do you know, I never saw a convention
all the time I was abroad. [El'it.]
.JULIA. Oh, Anna, let us keep count. How can we do it?
PELHAY. rEidel's.] 'Vhat extraordinary nallles you have here in America!
\.ris-
towoobskook County gives ten votes for 'Voolley. [Exit.]
A:KXA. Oh, hurry! \Vhat shall we ùo ?
18t31-88]
DA VID DEJIARESl' LLOYD.
25
JULIA. Hcre's just the thing.
ANNA. One of thc school blackboards-just the thing-quick!
[They place the blackboard on cha ir, buard facing up stage. Enter l\IIKE.]
1\IIKE. Ould Ireland's been heard from! ::\Iackerelville gi,'es fiftccn votcs to Pat-
rick ::\Ioriarty! Aha! Them Mackerelville boys are the fellows. Ah, ye (livils, yc
[ E.rit. ]
PELIIA'1. [Enters.] Five for 'V oollcy. [Exit.]
ANNA. Quick!
JULIA. "
here's the chalk? Now you keep the tally for Peter "
oolley, and I'll
put down the votes for Zephaniah ::\[iggs. 0 h, Aunt, I wish you weren't for Miggs!
I hate ::\Iiggs! I'd like to count him out!
ANNA. Oh, Julia, if women went into politics wouldn't they cheat though!
MISS G. Pooh! Pooh!
PELIIA}I. [Enters.] Morc names! )[jggs gets twenty votes from Squashopolis! [Eât.]
ANNA. Oh, we havcn't put them down. Hurry before there's anothe.. 5-5-10
-5-.
JULIA. 10-15-10-20-1 hatc to put it down. That makes )[iggs 30 aheaù.
PELHA}I. [Enfer.
.] Thirty for 'V oolley! [Erit. ..'1llOlIfs. J
AN
\.. That makes them evcn-
.JULIA. If I have to keep count for ::\Iiggs, ru applaud for'VooUcy. [Ellter MIKE.]
l\IIKE. Ould Ireland's gaining! ::\Ioriarty's got one more vote. [Exit.]
PELIIA}I. [Enta.s.] Fiftcen for ::\Iiggs. l Exit.]
)hss G. Good for ::\Iiggs!
Iiggs will ùe nominated. You'll see!
JULIA. I'm opposed to woman suffrage from this hour!
PEl,ILUI. [Enters.] Twenty yotes for Petcr 'Voollcy! [Exit.]
J{'LIA. 'Vhat does it make all together?
ANNA. Oh, I don't know! They won't adù up at all!
PELlUM. [Ente/'s.] Twenty morc for 'V oolley! [EJ'it. b'llOuts.]
[Enter LDIBEH radiant.]
ANNA. 'Vill papa he nominatcd ?
"LDllmn. Papa will he nominated unanimously. You know the old phrase-As
old C'hunkalunk goes, so goes thc Union! 'Vell, old Chunkalunk, in spite of their
hanncr there, were a little uncertain .as to whom they'd gi,'c theil' sixty votes to.
But they haye agreed, in consideration of-ahcm !-of Pptcr "roolley's manyemÍ-
nent qualitit's, to give him their sixty votcs. It took mc somc time, but it's all sct-
tled!
)h
s (j.. Has my woman-suffrage resolution been adopted yet?
I,nnmH. 'Vell, not yet.
1\lrs!' G. I knew it!
Mus. )L Now, girls, I'm going to find hrotlH'r Peter, aiH1 hring him here. The
.candidate ought to he on thc spot to be surprised at the nominåtion. rExit.]
[Entn WOOLLEY. Sees portrait on banner.]
'VOOL. 'Vho's that?
ANNA. 'Vhy, herc's papa now.
'VOOJ.. .\nna! 'Vhat's all this ahout? 'Vhat docs it mean?
;\NNA. It's the ConvcntioIl. 'Ve thought no one would see us, and we wcrc so
anxious.
'YOOL. 'Vhat, thc Convention? Oh, I must go right away! I havcn't done half
the work in the gardcn this morning.
A
NA. Now, wait, papa. Gencral Limber has told us you will surcly bc nominatcd.
\V OOL. Dear! ùcar!
26
ÐA VID DBlifA REST LLO YD.
[1861-88
ANNA. Yes, Chunk-a-lunk-yes, that's it, Chunkalunk County is going to give
you aU its sixty votes!
'V OOL. I hope they won't do it now.
ANXA. Now, wait, papa.
PELILUI. [Entm's. J Tn-en ty for 'Y oolley ! [El'it. ]
",V OOL. 'Ylmt a start he g
tve me. I must go. I had no idea politics were so noisy.
)h
s G. 'Vhat are Jour views on woman suffrage?
'YOOL. I haven't got any. [E.rit. Elitei' CHARLES )[ONTGmIERY.]
CUARLES. Why, Anna, I just heard of this a few moments ago. I had no illea your
fathcr thought of running fur Congress! I cÀpect every IllOlllellt to hear whom the
othcr Convcntion have nominated.
YOICr::. [Olttside.] Sixty votes for Zephaniah )Iiggs!
::\lIss G. Sixty votes for )Iiggs. [SholltS.]
Jru\.. I wonder what that meant? [EntCJ' PELHAM.]
PELlIA'1. I say, where's Limher? There's something wrong, There's a stam})ede
for :\Iiggs.
Iiggs is getting all the votes.
Omms. Limber! Limher! ',hcre's Limber? [EllterLDIBEu.]
PELILDr. Something's wrong! Chunkalunk County gave sixty votes for )Iiggs!
LnmER. 'Vhat
Grand old Chunkalunk ?
PEULUI. Ye:-" an<1 they're all voting for )[iggs. [E.Ût.]
I..nmEu. Bill Ðey's gone hack on my hid! But I'll l'eat him yet. [E.rit.]
PELIlAl\I. [Elltl''',
,] Twenty more for )Iiggs! [Shouts.]
Ll\lBEn. [Off' stage.] Roys, I appeal to your patriotism and intelligenc{'. r Shout.]
You've lots of both. lShOilt "Yes."] Will you hesitate between the lIon. Peter
'Yoolley and the infal1lous )Iiggs? [" No."] Remember you are })crforming a mo-
mentous duty. The eyes of the world arc on you. This is the hour of your coun-
try's peril, and the very crisis of her fate. [Luud sllOllt8.]
PELHA:\I. [EntC1'
.] He's making It most eloquent speech. I don't believe there's.
a fellow in our club ever made such a speech.
.J[;LIA. Too late.
)hss G. I wonder if he will defeat )liggs ?
A
D
A. Hark!
Y OI(,E. [Outside.] Three cheers fm Zephaniah )Iiggs. [ One feeble shout.]
PELILOf. That wasn't much of a cheer for JIiggs.
V OI(,E. [Outside.] Three cheers for Peter 'V oolley. [EmilI cheers.]
PELILUI. [say, that meant something'. [El'it. BntO' )IIKE.]
1\Inm. Oh, )[1'. Charles, the other Convention have just up and nominated you for
Congress. [ Rl'it.]
CIIAS. 'Vhat! me? No, it can't ùe!
A};
A. Oh, Charles, you and papa running against each other!
CIIAS. I don't know what to make of it at all. [Enter PELIIAU.]
PELnA
1. I say, they're changing their votes back to "Toolley. Limber is swing-
ing the Convention right around. Chunkalunk County changes sixty votes to
Peter 'V oolley!
[Enter Bra88 Band playing" The Star Spangled Banner." Then LliIIBER, follou'ecl by
delegate carrying flag on sta.tf, which he 'U'(U'es over LnmER and 'Y OOLLEY. Cruwdfill
in at back, shouting, Enter 'V OOLLEY led by l\llts. 1\1 UI<'FI
.]
CURTAI
.
1861-88]
JULIA COXSTA.J.vCE FLETCHER.
27
gjulía Cl:Ott
tattCC 1flctcl) cr.
BORN in Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
A SYRIA
ADYE
TLRE.
(.i1Iirage. By George Fleming. 18i8.]
O F the two there was one who woulù have given much to have escaped the
necessity of any interview, Xaturally enough, this one was the first to
speak.
" I am afraid we have been, ery selfish, Tom and I, " she says, with a slight
increase of color on her cheeks; "Fanny seems so tired. But these ]ìeople
are interesting. I think this is a delightful place-don't you? "
"I think so-now, " says
Ir. Stuart.
Some men passing along the road tnrn again to stare at the strangers. and
:Mr. Stuart returns their glanc.es with a little of that abounding contempt we
instinctively exhibit towards peol,le who, in all probability, win ne,er be in
any fashion connected with ourselves,
"It is so seldom Tom can be got to talk. Tom is something like all Eng-
lishman in that respect. Did you never notice how an American will inva-
riably enùeayor to be interesting at any cost-either to others or to himself?
Now au Englishman has the courage to be dull."
" Some of ns arc dull enough without that," says Jack, moodily.
The Arabs are still standing watching him. They", hisper togf'ther. As
the young man bru::::hes b
' them there is a hoarse cry of " Backshish ! " and
then an insolent laugh. It is only a trifling annoyance, but it comes charged
with the weight of the morning's exasperation, and sends the hot blood flush-
ing to his forehead. He turns upon Constance with that sudden, irrational
resentment of an unplea
allt impression which is, perhaps, at the bottom of
half the follies of life.
"Don't yon think these small travelling-rartie
are a mistake?" he says,
with an air of elaborate impartiality. "One sees the
ame people so contin-
uously that-in fact, you see the same people so much. ..
)[iss Varley is ell tirely of his opinion. She says so, and then bends down
and busies her::::elf with the folds of her habit to conceal a most unequivocal
smile.
" Yes, I am tired of it," says )[1'. Stuart.
" Indeed!"
" I am tired of the whole thing. Yon treat me like a boy. Yon laugh at
me. Yon-you attempt to-to patronize me, b
..J ove !" cries the young man,
turning very red. "I don't like it. I don t think you are treating me fairly,
COllstance," he
avs, with sud(len firmness, with an assertion of mastery in
his voice that
he lIas never heard before,
)Iiss Varley draws hcrself up and turns her face full upon him, and all the
Jight and animation have gone out of that face.
,. Yon are probably not aware of what you arc
aying. You will excuse me
8
JULIA C01''lSl:'LYCE FLETCHER.
[18ül-88
if I fail to understand n_r;lw hegins very coldly; and then there comes a suf!.-
den look of kindness in her eyes. ""
hat is the use of quarrelling, Jack?
You know you are talking nonsens{'. W'heu haTe I ever done anything pur-
}Ju
ely to vex you?" she says ,.ery gently.
.....\. group of fair-haircil X ablous children .ire standing in a doorway. At
thc sight of the strangc faces approaching them they dart away like fright-
ened birds, all but one, a little boy of two or three, who stands ill the middle
of the street and contemplates thcm meditatively. Such a flower-face as it
is! with the beautiful, upen louk of a l'ead1-blossom on'rblown. "Come
here, you (1 cligb tful little creature, and get some backshish," says ::\1i8s Yar-
ley, and holds up a tempting sil,er coin. There is a moment's hesitation, and
then the baby comes forw::tl'd a few steps, stops, stares about him. "Poor little
thing I .. says Constance, and stoops to pick l1im up. To hcr surprise the
child resists her with sudden, Slll'iJl cries of alarm.
"Oh, put him down, do! " says Jack, hastily. There is quite a crowd
around them 1Iy this time.
" Poor little thing ! You dOll't suppose it was afraid I had the eyil eye? ,-
begins the girl; and at the same moment a woman, veilt.'(l and shapeless in
her cotton gown, bre:J ks through the ring, seizes the sobbing child in her
armf', and turns and addresses the crowd in high-pitched Arabic.
" Come on I " says
Ir. Stuart again, and this time with en'll stronger ell1-
pha
is. "Let that Jittle wretch ulone; it doe
n't want your money. Here,lct's
get out of this."
But this is not so easily done. It is truClhe crowd parts before them, but
only to close about on ewry side. "Backshish!" yells a tall, one-eyeillad ill
a tattered gown, who has followed them persistently since they entered the
bazaar. "Backshish !" calls out a man, putting a hand on 11iss Varley's
shoulder and stooping to look into her face. ., Back-" A vigorous pnsh
sends him staggering again
t the wall,
.. Take my arm: don't be frightened, .. saJs Jack, cheerfully. "If we can
only get through this infernal bazaar "- _\. :shove from the Jellow fanatic on
tbe outside of the ring sends the nearest be
gar npon him. He turns, and a
shovc from thc other siùe flings Constance against his shoulder. No sound;
but thc double movement meant mischief.
"Oh, what shall we do?" says Miss Varley, turning pale.
To her dying day she will never forget what takes place within the next
fe"\\" minutes.
He took her hands iu his; he looked at her with a sort of despairing ten-
derness.
" Don't be frightened, " be says; "there is going to be a row. Here, stand
back under that arch, and don't moye, whatever happens. Don't be fright-
ened, and don't cry. Don't ery, my darling, I'll take C,lre of you."
As luck will have it, thc arch of which he speaks is tbe gaudy-painted door-
way of the mosqne. A savage howl of execration runs through the crowd at
sight of this new outrage. Thc
' press forward, í'top, wgver; and thell Jack
turns and faces thcm and draws hi
pistol from his belt,
"Come on, then! 'Vhy don't JOu come on, you lJlackguards ! " he calls
18Gl-88]
JULIA CO
VST
LVCE FLETCHER.
9
out, Ül English: and, as by the brenking of a spell, the sound of his voice
evokes a n
ry storm of frenzy and ahuse. With every moment the tUlllUlt in-
creases,
\. piece of mud knocks off his hat; in an instant it is seized and
torn to shredf;; and the sight of his blond Saxon face is the signal for a new
outbreak of impotent rage. Twicc' already the jeering, hi
sing nw
s of infn-
ria-ted men has pu
hed anù
wayed up tu the very limit of the steps. and twice
the sight of his steady, unblenching face ha::; Bwept them hack again with a
sound a
of the surf grinding upon the shore. And each time they have les-
Fened the distance ùetweell them.
lIe took three Btf'pS forward, paused, then deliberate!.' drew It deep line
with the heel of his boot in the dust. ,. \r e'll see who cros,;e::; t!tat, mv men!"
he
:;ay
, significantly, A lung howl of defiance is the in
tant answ
r, And
now, with one common impulse, the mob hurls itself forward and stands
straining and foaming like a pack of craven, ,,"hite-toothed pariah dogs on
the farther side of the barrier.
,. Don't ue frightened, my darling, .. says Jack; his own face is deathly
pale, ana great beads of moisture are standing on his forehead.
There is a scuffle, a push; one of the foremost aRsailantR, a half-grown lad
in a long, blue caftan, is
ent staggering acros::; the mark: he falls he
.lYi1y on
his face and is dragged back by his nearest neighhors. And then comes an
onunous pause.
From hi::; ,-antage-ground on the mosque-steps Stuart overlooks the street;
and at thi:-: moment he is aware of a disturbance in the :,pirit of the mob-
some new object is ùrawing their attention. There is a cry of " Allah!" the
sounù of a low. wailing, inarticulate chant, a :,udden falling a
under of the
close-packed men; in the centre uf this space, achaucing slowly tuwards him,
is a creature-a man. It has the figure of a man-but whether young or old
it is impo
ible to sa.\-. .A strip of sheep
kin is slung about its waist, a long
string of coarse amulets dangles from its neck and clown upon the naked
Lreast, co\ered with hair like the breast of an animal. On his he
<1 i::5 a fan-
tastic crown ûf iron spikes, from under which long unù matted lock:-; stream
down o'-er his thick arm
, hi:;; naked, shining
houlders, hi::; fixed and nlCant
eyes. He comes slowly fo
:wanl, rolling frum side to side in his walk, keeping
time to the monotonous, lolling chant. The crowd have falh'n respectfully
back; he stand::; alone in the centre of an upen space, looking at Stuart with
a dull, malignant smile.
"11y God! what shan I do?" thought Stuart, clinching hi::; teeth. lIe
moves, and tbe den'i
h catche::; sigh t uf Constance. A
udd('n, furious glf'am
of insanity tran
figures the liviù face. He turns, with a wild gesture of exhor-
tation-he turns and harangues thf' moho He tnrn
again-be walk
delib-
erately forward. Jack raises the revoher slowly to a level.
And then a murderous silence fa]l::; upon the crowd. The dl'rvi
h comes
steadily forward; his foot is on thc' line; he luoks np at Stuart with all
idiotic laugh, and then, like a mockery from heaven. they hear through the
intense silence the innocent, bubbliu!{ laug'hter of a chil<1.
The dervi
h passes the Jine. Con
tance
prinf!
forwanl with a cry. The
ncxt suuml i::; the click of the trigger I'ettling back in its lock.
30
JCLIA CO...YST A..1.YCE FLETCHER.
[18ü1-88
" ,J ack !" She
prings forwnrd and clutches him by the arm, "Don't
fire! Hassan! " she says wildly, witb white, breathless lips; ,. Hassan-
Hassan" -
And even as she speaks there is a clattering charge of mounted men, a
swinging of sabres, a 81ashing of whips, a cheer. The surging mob sweeps
back against the steps, In a moment the ùel'vish is seized, I'urrounded,
forced bodjJy into the shelter of the mosque, :Major Thayer spring
from his
saddle, The Turkish soldiers clear the piazza of the last terrified stragglers,
The dragoman rushes forwarù flourishing hi
koorbaslt.
" Thimk God! " says Stuart, seizing Constauee by the hand. And then,
for the fir
t time, )Iiss Varley breaks llown.
"Take me home-take me home, Tom, to Fanny, " she says piteously.
,. 'Vill you ride?"
..
o; I don't know: take me home,.' she says, and walks on blindly,
clinging to hi:3 arm, the centre of an excited, questioning, explaining group.
In three or four minutes they have l"C'acíwd tho camp. As they enter the
tent )Iiss Yadey turns to Stuart:
"I haven't thanked yuu. But-you knuw," I'he
ays brokenly. She gives
him both hcr hands. TheIl she sits duwn Oll a chair in a corner and begins to
cry.
Ir. Stual't, too, sits down. He looks about him with a bewildered air.
.. nood heavens! Jack, are you hurt? 'ViII you IHlve some brandy? some
wator? Your face is as white as a
heet! 0 Tum, why don't you do some-
thing? Don't you see that Jack "- ·
., I'm not hurt, Fanny. 1',-e been IJadly frightened. I ne'-er knew what it
was like before," says )Ir. Stuart, simply: .. but I had Constallce to take care
of, you know, and- Look here! ..
He threw his revoh"er down npon the table. )Iajor Thayer picks it up
curiously, examines it, starts, and throws it down again with an oath.
., I let Hassan have it for that salute. I had forgotten all about it. Y uu
see-it wasn't loaded!" says Jack.
,
THE FIRIXG of TIlE ::5TIOT.
[T'"estigia. By Gporge Flnning. 18t\4.]
T IlE candle had hurnt itself out in its socket. There was no sound in the
room but the hear)' breathing' of the weary sleeper and the ticking of
Valdez';5 watch, which lay before him on the table. He sat there, counting
tho hours.
And at last the dawn broke, chill and gray; the dim light struggling in
at the window made a faint glimmer upon the glas
es which stood hosidC' the
untouched fooù._ To the olll mall keeping his faithful watch beside the sleep-
cr, this was perhaps the hardest hour of all-ti1l the darkness wore slowly
away; the sky turned to a clear stainless blue; anù all tbe city awoke (;u the
radiance of the April day.
1861-8:3J
JULIA CO.N:iTANCE FLETCHER.
31
Soon the Lells began their joyous clash and clamor. It was hardly eight
() 'clock when the two men stepped out into the street together, but the re-
joicing populace was astir already, anù hurrying toward8 the new quarter of
the 1Iacao.
Rome was in festa, heavy and splendid Rome. Bright flags fluttered, and
many-colored carpets and rugs were suspended from every available window.
All along the Via K azionale, a double row of gaudily-decked Yenetian masts,
hung with long wreaths and brilliant flapping banners, marked the cour:;:e
where the royal carriages were to pass. But it was farther on, at the Piazza
dell' Indipelll..lenza, that the crowd was already thickest. The cordon of sol-
diers had been stationed here since early morning. Looking down from any
of the neighboring balconies npon that swarming sea of holiday-makers, it
seemed impossible that eyen the great Piazza could contain more: and yet
at e"ery instant the place grew fuller and fuller; a steady stream of reople
})oured in from every-side street; peasants from the country in gay festa dress;
shepherds from the Campagna in cloaks of matted
heepskin : and strapping
black-haired girls with shrill voices and the step of queens, who had come all
the way from Trastevere to look 011 at. the spectacle,-there was no end, no
ce
sation to the thickening and the growing f'xcitement of the crowd.
Dino had taken his place very early. It was exactly at the corner of the
Piazza, where a street-lamp made a support for his hack, and prevented him
from beÜJg brushed aside by the gathering force and pressure of tl1(' multi-
tude. lIe had found a :-:afe place for Palmira to stand, on the iron ledge
which ran aroullù the lamp-post. The child's little pale face rose high above
the crowd; she was quiet from very excess of excitement, only from time to
time she stooped to touch her brother's shoulder in token of mute content,
Yaldez stood only a few paces behind them. lIe had kept the rm"olver in
his own possession to the last moment. It was arranged that he should pai'S
it to Dino at a preconcerted signal, allll as the King came riding past for the
second time.
Dino had scarcely spoken all that morning, but otherwi::;e there was no
sign of unusual excitement about him. He was deadly pale; at short inter-
vals a faint red flush came and went like It stain upon his colorle
s cheek.
But he answered all little Palmira's question
n:'ry patiently, The morning
seemed yery long to him, that was all. lIe
tood fingering the handkerchief
in his pocket with which he was to gi,"e Yaldez the :5ignal for passing him the
weapon.
It was more than twenty-fonr hours now
inee he had tasted food, and the
long abstinence was beginning to tell upon him; at times his head felt dizzy,
and if he clo::5ed his cyes the continuous roar amI chatter of the crowd 8ank-
died away far off-like the sound of the surf upon a di
tant 8hore. At one
moment he let himself go entirely to this curious new 8enmtion of drifting
far away; it was barely an instant of actual time, hut he recovered himself
with a start" hich ran like ice from head to fuut: it \Va::; a horrihlp sensatioll,
like a slow return from the very nothingness of death. lIe shherecl and
opened his eyes wide and looked about him. lIe seemed to ha'"e been far, far
away from it aU in that one bride
t pau:,c of semi-lincunsciou
n('
:-;, yet his
3:3
JULLl CONSTANCE FLETOHER.
[1861-88
eyes openeù on the same radiant brightness of the sunshine; a holiday f.:un
shining bravely down on glancing arms and fretting horses; on the dark line
of the solùiers prossing back the people, and the many-colored dresses, the
laughing, talking. good-natured faces of the gesticulating crowù.
One of these mounted troopers was just in front of Dino. As the human
ma.-:s surged forward, urged by some unexplainable impulse of excitement
and curiosity, this man's horse began backing and plunging. The young sol-
llier turned around in his saddle, and his quick glance fell upon Palmira's
startled face.
,. Take care of your little girl there, my friend, " he said to Dino good-
hnmoretlly, and forced his horse away from the edge of the pavement.
Dino looked at him without answering. He wondered vaguely if this sol-
dier boy with the frienùly blue eyes and the rosy face would be one of the first
to fall upon him when he was arrested? And then his thoughts escaped him
again-the dimness came over his eyes.
He l'oused himself with a desperate effort. He began to count the number
of windows in the hou
e opposite; then the number of policemen stationed
at the street corner; an officer went galloping by; he fixed his eyes upon the
glancing nniform until it became a mere spot of brightness in the ùistance.
Hal' k !
rrhe gun at the palace. The King was starting from the Quirina1. All the
scattered cries and laughs and voices were welded together into one long (!ua-
vering roar of satisfaction and excitement,
There-again! and nearer at hand tIlts second gnn.
The cheers rise higher, sink deeper. He is coming, the young soldier King,
the master of Italy, the popular hero, See! hats are wa\ing, men an' shout-
Îng.-the infection of enthusiasm catches and runs like fire along the line of
eager, expectant faces. Here he comes. The roar lifts, swells, grows louder
and louder; the military bands on either side of the piazza break with one
accord into the triumphant ringing rhythm of the royal march. They have
seen the troops defile before them with scarcely a sign of interest; but now,
at sight of that little isolated group of riders with the plumed and glittering
helmet:::, there comes one mad instant of frantic acclamation, when e\-ery
man in that crowd feels that he too has some part and possession in all the
compelling, alluring splenùor and success in life.
And just behind the royal cavalier, among the glittering group of aicles-
de-camp, rode the young )Iarchese Balbi, He was so near that Dino could
scarcely believe their eyes did not actually meet; but if Gasparo recognized
him he gave no sign, riding on with a smile upon his happy face, his silver-
mounte<l accoutrements shining bravely in the snn.
And so, for the first time, the doomed King passed by.
Dino scarcely heeded him; at that moment he had forgotten everything
unconnected with the sight of tbat one f:imiliar face. His mother, his old
home,-Italia even,-had grown dim and unreal; he forgot them all in the
sensation of that quick rush of renewed affection. All tho old pride, the old
delight, in Gasparo, which had maùe so great a part of his boyhood, came
haek upon him with the irresistible claims of reawakened tenderness. He
1861-88]
GEORGE PARSo.1'lS LATHROP.
33
was there to commit a murder; and out of all that crowd he saw only the
one face which he knew-and he loved it.
That curi
us sense of fluating away, far away from e\-erything living, fell
upon him again. He lost all count of time. He could never tell how long it
was before he heard little Palmira cry out in shrill tones of childish excite-
ment:
H I see him, Dino. There he cumes again. The King, the King all in
,stolù ! "
Dino started; it seemed to him as if he started wide awake, He drew him-
;:;elf up like a soldier standing at attention; his brain was steady; his senses
all alert. He watched eagcrly; the white plumes were slowly advancing be-
tween the two serried ranks of the soldiery. He waited until he could distin-
guish the King's face distinctly; he saw him lean a little forward and pat his
restive horse-
And then, without turning, he gave Valdez the preconcerted signal.
\.nd even as he raised tbe handkerchief to his lips he heard, not ten paces
off, the
harp ringing repurt of a shot.
It was all over in an instant-the sound-the plunging of the frightened
hor::;es. He saw the white plume of the King pass by un:;cathed and Gas-
pal'o Balbi, who was riding nearcst him, throw up his arms and fall back-
ward, quietly, into the rising cloud of dust.
A great cry broke from the people all about him-it rang in his ears-it
sounded far away like the heating of a furious tide upon the distant, distant
:-hore. A blackness, a horrihle blackness which he coulù feel, passed over
bis face like a cloud. And then he knew nothing more.
Some fillarter of an hour later one of the two gllardie who were belping to
lift his insensible body into a street cab looked compassionately down at
DillO'S clinched hands and pallid death-like face.
" 'Tis no wonder the poor giovane faiuted," he said sympathetically, ad-
dressing the little crowd about him. c. oTis no wonder he fainted, Perdio!
As it so happens I was looking straight at him,-he was not ten pace8 away
from the viIlain who fired the shot."
Ccorgc par
on
lLatlJrop.
Bom. in Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, 1851.
FIW)I "KEEXA.N'S CIIARGE."
CHANCELLORSVILLE, 2 !IA Y, 18G3.
[Originally contributed to the Century Magazine, Ju,ne, 1881.]
B y the shrouded gleam of the western skies,
Brave Keenan looked in Pleasonton's eyes
VOL. XI.-3
34
GEORGE PARSO-,-YS LATHROP.
For an instant-clear, and cool. mHl still;
Then, with a smile, he said: .. I will. "
"Cavalry, charge! " ::S-ot a lllan of them shrank.
Their sharp, full cheer, from rank 011 rank,
Rose joyously, ".ith a willing lm'ath-
Rost' like a greeting bail to death.
Then forward they sprang, and !"purrea aUfl clashed;
Shouted the officers, crimsou-
ashed;
Rode well the men, each brave as his fellow,
In their fa(led coats of the blue una yellow;
And abmTe in the air, \\ ith an instinct true,
Like a bird of WalT their pennon tIew.
",Vith clank of scablmrds mIll thunder of steeds,
And hlad('s that Fhine like sunlit reells,
And strong brown faces bravely pale
For fear their proud attempt shall fail,
Three hundred PennsyhTanians close
On twice ten thousand gallant foes.
Line after line the troopers came
To the edge of the wood that was ringed with flame;
Rode in awl sabred all 11 shot-and fell;
:Kor came one hack his wounds to tell.
And full in the midst rose Keenan. tull
In the gloom, like a mar} r awniting his fall,
",Vhile the circle-stroke of his sahre, Rwun
'Round his he:\ll, like a halo thel'e, luminous hung.
IJine after line; ay, whole platoons,
Struck dead in theil' sad(1]es, of hmve dragoons
By the maddenell hor
es were onward horne
And iuto the \'(>rtex flung, tramplel} and torn;
As Keenan f
ught with his men, side by sic'll'.
So they rOlle, till there were no more to ride.
But over them, lying t1lerc, shattel'ed and mute,
",Vhat deep echo rolls ?-Tis a death-salute
From the l:annon ill place; for, heroes, :you braveù
YoU1' fate not ill vain: the army was saved!
Onr them now-yem' following year-
Over their graves, the pine-cones fall,
And the whip-poor-will chants his spectre-call;
But they stir not again: they raise no cheer:
They have ceased. But their glory shallue\,pr CI'use,
Nor their light he quencheù in the light of peace.
The rush of their c1ull'ge is resounding still
That saved the army at Chaucellorsville,
[1861-t\8
It;61-88]
GEORGE PARSOXS LATHROP.
35
XIG lIT IX XEW YORK.
S TILL as death are the places of life;
The city seems crumhled and gone,
Sunk 'mid invisible c1eeps-
The city so lately rife
'Yith the stir of brain and brawn.
Haply it only sleeps;
But "hat if indeed it were dead,
\.nd another earth should arise
To greet the gray of the dawn?
Faint then our epic would wail
To tho
c who should come in our stead.
But what if that earth were ours?
'Yhat if, with holier eyes,
\Ye shoultl meet the new hope, and not
fail?
It1
.t
\Veary, the night grows pale:
'Yith a hlush as of opening flowers
Dimly the cast shine
red.
Can it be that the morn shall fulfil
::\Iy dream, and refashion our clay
As the poet may fashion his rhyme?
Hark to that mingled
cream
Hising from workshop and milI-
Hailing some Jlwrvellous sight;
:Mighty breath of the hours,
Poured through the trumpets of steam;
Awful tornado of timc,
Blowing us whither it will.
GOll has breathed in the nostrils of night,
And behold, it is day!
A \YIFE"S FORGIVEXE:-;S.
[An Echo of P((s.'iion. 1S H :!.]
DEKN rode up aud aRcel'tained that they were coming by the usual road;
-.1 1 then Anice and he set off.
"
as that transformation of the moonlight something more than a fantasy?
As they flew forward unùer the moon, with large stars waiting for them in
achance, just abm"e the sweep of the hills, Fenll was imbued with a kind of
illusion that they had been released for the time being from thcir ordinary
sch"es, and werc gliding into I:\ome other pha:-,e less
harply dl'filled, anù not
hedged aronnu with too many stubuorn realities. Yet he thought of how soon
lw must cease to see A.nice, and this lent a poignancy to the pleasnre of the
ride. It recalled him to himself, and quickencd into more acute pain the dull
heart-achc into which the wrath that folluwed Reeves's attack had suon sub-
sided.
,rhcn they rodc more slowly, they talked of the beauty of the night and of
incident:; at the picnic, 'I'he memorie:::. of both, however, were busy with that
day when they had first ridùen over this road; and, through the unseen
agency that was always at work bchyeen them. each \\ as aware that the other's
thoughts were taking this direction.
,. "
e are getting very far ahead of the rest, " said Anice, as they ascended
one uf the manv riscs thcy had to travcrse. "Let's stop a moment and listen.'7
They reined
in, and gazcd hack oyer the lower ground, The road ,,'as
empty; thc moonlight looked as if it haù lain fore\cr on the woods and pa
-
sive earth, and :IS if it would ncvcr go away. Transient að it is, there is more
of eternity in this calm illumination than in the swift and stimulating light
of the snn. Fenn thought, .. 'Yhat if we two were to be stricken hy
ome last-
3ô
GEORGE PARSONS LA'l'IIROP,
[18Gl-88
ing change. here in this pale light, and kept together forever in it,-dead, or
mute and blind,-yet conscious of our companionship!" It was an unearthly
fancy, but his heart throbbed warmly and fiercely under it. He felt an in-
satiable desire for some isolating fate which should separate them from eyery-
body else. Yet there was a something within him that remonstrated against
this desire: for an instant, he even felt the despair of a drowning man, and
struggled within himself for something to hold by and keep himself from
being drawn under. In vain!
Ruch silence was in the air that they could hear the whistle of a locomotive
at some great distance,-so far that it was hardly louùer than the coo of a
bird. But Bearer and slighter sounds from the road they had been travelling,
as is sometimes the case, did not reach them.
.c It is strange," said Fenn, in a dry tone that gave no hint of what was go-
ing on in his mind, "that we don't hear them coming."
"Yery," said Anice. "How fresh and sweet it is here!"
Their voices sounded cold in the moonlight.
" Ah, what was that? Isn't it the carriages?"
A faint rumbling of the vehicles coulù be detected. " Yes; that's they at
last," a
sented Fenn, and immedi:1tely touched his horse.
rhey did not wait again, and when they entered the villagc they were far
in adnmce. As they came up the hill to the junction of roads which formed
an irregular common among the houses, some men moving across this space,
with their legs very black against the moonlight, presented a queer appear-
ance.
"Up so far above us, they look like insects crawling on thc top of the l1ill,"
Fenn observed; and Anice laughed. They tried to put themselves at easc
with trifles of this sort.
He accompanied her at a light trot to the farm-house, where Star was
housed by the man, and Fenn's gray hitched in the barn, ., I shall wait
here, ., Fenll had explained, c. until
Ir. Evans comes. I ùon't like to lèave
you quite alone."
c. Let us go around into the garden, then, U said Anice. "There a.'c some
scats, and it will he pleasanter there. " She was nervous at being thus thrown
pas:,ively alone with him, and fancied that going into the house wonld in-
crease hcr constraint.
The garden lay in an angle between the honse and the bank forme<<l by the
cutting of the hillside. There were trees here and there; among them one
that was dead; and their shadows fell with soft abundance on the brightly
flooded paths and beds.
" This is where you found those flower-pods that you sent me ?" he asked.
It was the first allusion he had made to them.
"Yes," she replied, her voice coming much fainter than she wished. She
would have ofIel'f'fl some remark to divert him, but her wit failed her.
Feun stopped abruptly. They were under tbe shadow of the dead tree.
" I cannot be bound by that symbo]," he declared, with resistless impet-
uosity. c'I have thrown those skeletons of flowers away, for my honesty is
more than a common one; and before I go I must speak." She drew back,
1861-88]
GEORGE PARSUNS LA1'IIROP.
37
terrified; but he went on, crying, "1\0, no! Anice-Anice I-don't judge
me as you would other men. There is some fate upon me; I don't know what;
I cannot resist it. Oh, I have tried! But the pas8ion that wa::; beginning
and n('ver had free play, when I knew you so long ago, has come again, and
will not be stifled. I love you, Anice ! You cannot tell me of faiths and du-
ties. I only know this one thing, and it is truer than all others. "
"This is cowardly," she gasped, when she could. "It is unworthy of you."
"No, it is not cowardly," he answered, pale and determined, ., It is brav-
er than to keep a lying face. Have yon not seen, have we not both known for
weeks what was growing up around us? And is it better to part, with that
knowledge smouldering in us, than to face it anù speak of it faithfully? "
She collected all her force, and said cohlly: ,. If yon knew this, you should
have gone away long ago, never to see me on earth again. And will you tell
me what you think is to be gained by declaring to me now a love that dis-
honors us all? It is a sin against yourself, and an unpardonalJle wrong to me."
He looked at her in rigid silence. " You may deceive yourself, " he said,
H but you cannot me. You know well-very well-the power you have had
over me. I fancied it was a thing that could be turned into some new kind
of deyotion, like that we talked of. But you saw how it was overcoming me,
and you forbade me to see you again. 'Yhy do you accnse me, when you had it
all in your hands, and allowed our acquaintance to continue?"
"Because I trusted you and wished you well," Anice returned, with le
s
firmness. Then, seeing that the only hope wa::; in an immediate pnrting, she
added: "I shall not leave this garden,
[r. Fenn. It is for you to go ! " She
pointed commandingly towards the entrance by which they had come in,
For an instant all hi::; strength forsook him. "rhen he burst into a fierce,
broken laugh.
,. I understand at last," he said, with a bitter intensity she had never even
dreamed of. "You have taken a terrific and skilful vengeance. Ont of re-
sentment for a clumsy, hoyish mistake, you have deliberately ruined a man's
heart, an d made him put his honor in the d u
t before you. Yes, 1"1] go." lIe
turned, so dizzy that he could hanll}T se(' the path, and began to move away.
There was a moment of pasí'ionate effort on her part to repre:-:s the storm
within herself; but as she heheld him receding öhe yiehle(l, and made a de-
taining gesture. lIe saw it, and came back rapidly.
" Am I wrong?" he cried, öem'ching her face. " You felt more than that;
you-you loved! Tell me it was 80. "
She tried to steady herself by putting her hand8 out into the air. Then she
gasped, "No-no!"
" You did not? " he repeated.
But she could no longer reply. She was on the point of falling; and with
an instinct of protection he stretched out hi
arms, almost enfolding her in
them. As they stood thus for au instant. the
hadO\y of the dead tree lay
motionless upon them, and th(' icy moonlight arouud gave v"Ï::;ible bounds to
that isolation for which 11{' had so lately wished.
She had confe:-:seù nothing; but at that instant Feun felt that all had been
-confe::;sed between them. lIe
aw, with a pity that wrung his heart, what her
38
GEORGE PARSUNS LATHROP.
[1861-88
struggle had been; and remorse struck through him like a sword, for his own
sin against Ethel, and for the attitude into which he had forced this woman
who stood with him here. 'Vas this the joy of liberation he had looked for-
ward to ?
Aniee recovered herself at once. She drew away from his contact and held
on to the bench near at hand. "This will kill me! " she "Was moaning, like-
one only half conscious. "All these years-No; oh, no! Yon must leave-
me instantly. For Ethel's sake go ; go! Tell her all you have said,-every-
thing. "
" Thank God, Anice, yon are nobler than I!" Uttering these words with
Ii ps that seemed chilled. by a frost, he fled.
"Then he came into the hotel, those who saw him wondered at the hreath-
less and exhausted appearance about his face, ordinarily so strong and com-
posed and glowing with healthy color; but they attributed it to anxiety, for
his first words were an inquiry about his wife.
He stood still in the sh'eet, and noticed all at once that the moonlight had
nearly wanecl,-the weird illumination which, an hour or two before, had
seemed so permanent. It gave him a bitter satisfaction to think how his mad-
ness had crumbled and slipped away with it. A huge field of cloud was ris-
ing, and had swallowed half the stars.
" Oh, my God! If I should never see Ethel again! 'Yhat if some accident
has happened, from which she will die? '
This was the cry in his heart.
A horse and rider, springing out of the feeble light a little way off, and
dashing by, roused him. It had been but a flash, but the face of Kingsmill
seemed to be printed on the night air, aml to be lingering behind like a vision,.
while the rider swept OD.
Fenll ran after him towards the hotel, at his greatest speed. The
'Ollllg
man was there already, dismounted, quivering with excitement, and talking
to a little dusky group of men.
"'Vhat is it?" cried Fenn, with an awful fear, as the others fell bach. be-
fore him.
"Therc has been an accident," said Kingsmill, rapidly.
""There? Tell me where?"
"The railroad crossing"-
" Is she killed?" The words burst from Fenn like the red drops that spurt
from a knife-thrust.
"She was not badly hurt, .. said Kingsmill. "The cars struck them just
as they had got over, and they were thrown out. But some people are taking
care of thelll."
" I must go! " cried Fenn wildly, rushing to get Kingsmill's horse, whieh
was being led away.
<. Not that one! " exclaimed the owner. "I have a fresh one in the stahlc."
There was a sharp scurry to saddle the fresh steed, and just as Fenn put his
foot in the stirrup the fanner from Mr. Evans's came up with the tired gray
and a messagc from Anice, who }utd also become alarmed.
.
't!-- ""1;r-.=........
1r
I
.
. ",.-
-. .;
=
x
I ..-
-'
-
"
.--
\,"-.... _ -;'1)1
"\
"
,
I' '. .
...
",e ..
\'
\\I}\
7 '
1861-88]
GEORGE PARSONS LATHROP.
39
"For God's sake, go and tell her, K
ngsmill !" shouted Fenn, mounting.
The next instant his horse had shot away, under spur, for the tannery
road.
It was a solemn group that wound up the highway from the railroad cross-
ing, coming back.
By the time the wagon that had been obtained was ready to start, Alliee,
also, had arrived on horseback; and the two mounted figures moved at a
funcreal pace beside the cart. Ethel had fainted at first, but was restored;
and, unless she had suffered internal hurt, was judged to be the worse only
for a few bruises. Mr, Evans had not come off so well. He had a broken arm,
and was prostrated by the shock he had sustained. His light carriage was
left behind, a partial wreck, and the borrowed wagon bad to proceed slowly,
ill order to avoid possible injury to the I'ufferer.
Fenn and Anice did not exchange a word, bu t both were lost in wonder at
the chance that had thus hrought them togetllf'r again on this same night,
under such altered conditions. From time to time Fcnn, bringing his horse
close to the wheels on Ethers side, spoke some low word of inquiry or sooth-
ing, as indistinguishable to any but her ear as the murmur of the night brceze
in the pines. Sometimes, when he fell back and watched the muffled forms
reclining in the wagon, a picture presented itself to him in which he saw
Ethel as she might have been, motionless and darkly covered and insensible
to the jolting of the springs,-a picture of the dead being brought home si-
lently from the place of her death; and then he would turn away and cur
e
bimse]f, in the midst of a mute thanksgiving,
The chemist sat by his wife all night and \...atchecl, while she slept, after
lllany vain attempts. In the morning, the physician who had been tde-
graphed for from a distance arrived, and pronounced with somc confidence
that she had no unseen injuries.
It was late in the afternoon that Fenn knelt hy his wife's bed, while a soft
light from the fading west pervaded the room. Seeing that she was strong
and recovf>red, he spoke: "Ethel. I cannot put off any ]ongcr the confes:áon
I must make of the wrong that has been in my heart these last few weeks."
"I have been afraid," she answered calmly. "Oh, yes, I knew"; and the
tears rose in her eves. "But I must not hear it. I cannot. "
The blood moiinted to his face. "How despicable I am ! .. he groaned.
" But you don't know al1, Ethel. You cannot know that I told hcr "-
She covered her face with her hands, crying, "Oh, why must I believe
this! 'Yhy can't I forget it all, prctend that I diel not Fee?" Then, with a
hot beating in her temples, she took away her hands, and said with forced de-
liberation, "Xever tell me any more. I cannot promi:5e to be the Fame to you
or to hold yon so; but I will hear nothing. Only tell me,-did JOll mean to
do me a wrong? Are you true to me? "
"The wrong," he replied, ,. was a madness, an infatuation. That was aU.
But I am not fit, now, even to say I am true to you." lIe lifted his eye::) to
hers,
40
GEORGE P
lRSOAS LATHROP.
[1861-88
She looked into them with a calm, just scrutiny; and Fenn thought that
he knew what the light in the recording angel's eyeð must be like. But it was
only the glance of a tender woman possessing deep intuitions. She
aid at
length: "I will helieyc in you."
Ethel put her hand upon his head, with a touch ",0 simple and gentle 1 hat it
was the best of benedictions,
He had held, once, that therc was a peculiar m
'stery about Anice, and the
belief had made her thc more d.lllgerously fascinating. Ethel was transpar-
ent enough, exteriorly; but the mystery of her naturc lay deeper down, and
he was only just bcginning to apprehend it. The quality in ....\.nice sened
merely as a unit of measure for its larger prescnce in Ethel. Kneeling herc
before his wife, with too much humility iu him even to put his lips to hers,
Feun saw that he was touching the mystery which is profounder than intel-
lectual choice; which diffuses itself through earth aud heaven. and sohes all
but explains nothing,-pure love.
TI1E rnmBR-BIRD.
Y ES, I was wrong about the phæbe-hird:
Two songs it has, and hoth of them I've heard.
I did not know those strains of joy and sorro'"
Came from one throat, or that each note coul<l borrow
Strength from the other, making onc more bra,-e
And one as sad as rain-drops on a grave.
But thus it is. T,,'o songs haxe mcn and maidens:
One is for hey-clay, one for sorrow's cadence.
Onr voices vary 'with the changing f'easons
Of life's long yem', for deep and natural reasons.
Thereforc despair not. Think not you have altered
. If, at some time, thc gayer note has faltered.
'Ve arc as God has made us. GhHlne
::;, pain,
Delight amI death, allll moocls of bliss or Lane,
'Vith love and hate or good and evil-all
At separate times in sep:trate accents call;
Yet 'tis the same heart-throh wi thin the hreast
That gives an impulse to our worst and hest.
I doubt not when our earthly cries are ended,
The Listener finds them in one music hlended.
THE SUXSIlIXE OF TIlIXE EYES.
T HE sunshine of thine eyes,
(0 still, celestial bcam!)
Whatever it touches it fills
'With the life of its lamhent gleam.
The sunshine of thine eyes,
Oh, let it fall on me!
Though I he but a mote of the air,
I could turn to gold for thee.
1861-88]
R05E HA WTHORNE LATIIROP,
41
THE FLOW
SOLL.
FRANCIS HAWTHORNE LATHROP, G FEBRL"ARY, 181)1.
C O)IE not again! I dwell with JOu
4\..bove the realm of frost and dew,
Of pain and fire, and growth to death.
I {hyell with you where never breath
Is drawn, but fragrance vital flows
From life to life; even as a rose
Lnseen pours sweetnes::; through each
vein,
And from the air distils again,
You are my rose unseen: we live
'Vhere each to other joy may give
In ways untold, by means unknown
And secret as the magnet-stone.
For which of us, indeed, is dead?
1'\0 more I lean to kiss your head;-
The gold-reel hair so thick upon it:
Joy feels no more the touch that won it,
'rIlen o'er my brow your pearl-cool palm
In tenderness so childish. calm,
Crf'pt softly, once. Yet, see: my arm
Is strong, and still my blood runs Warm:
IN..:].
I still can work and think, and weep.
But all this show of life I keep
Is but the shadow of your sh i Ile;
Flicker of your fire; husk of your vine:
Therefore you are not dead. nor I,
,rho hear your laughter's minstrelsy.
Among the f'tars your feet are set:
Your little feet are dancing yet
Their rhythmic beat, as when on earth.
So swift, so slight, are death aIllI birth!
Come not again, clear child. If thou
By any chance couldst hreak that vow
Of silence, at thy last hour made;
If to this grim life, unafraid,
Thou COUllbt r('turn, and melt the frost
"-herein thy bright limbs' power was
lost;
Still would I whi
per-since so fair
The silent comradeship We share-
Yes, whisper 'mid the unhidden rain
Of tears: .. Come not! Come not agaiu! "
Uo
c t
a\tJtlJornc LatlJrop.
BOR
iu Lenox, )Iass., 1851.
.A :;OXG BEFORE GRIEF.
[41101lg the Shore. Þ
:-<.]
S ORRo,r, my friC'lld.
'Yhen
hall you come again?
The wine] i
slow, aUlI the bent willows
end
Their sih-ery motions wearily down the plain.
The bird is dead
That sang this morning through the !',ummer rain!
Sorro,,', my friend,
I Owe my soul to you.
And if my life with any glory end
Of tenderness for others, and the words are true,
Said, honoring, when I'm dead,-
Sorrow. to you. the mcllow pmi
e, the funeral wreath, are dUe.
42
ROSE HA TrTHORNE LATHROP.
[1861-88
And yet, my friend,
When love and joy are strong,
Your telTible visage from my sight I rend
'Vith glances to IJlue heaven. Hovering along,
By mine your shadow lcd,
"Away! " I shriek, "nor dure to work my llew-:::.prung mercies wrong! "
stin, yon are near:
'Yho can your care withstand?
'Yhen deep eternity shall look most clpar,
Sending bright Waves to kiss the trembling land.
}Iy joy shall disappear,-
A :flaming torch thrown to the golden Sea by your pale hand.
TWEXTY BOIJD
L\RI
EnS,
'l"""YEXTY hold mariners went to the wave,
i Twenty sweet hreezes blew over the main i
All were so hearty, so free, and so brave,-
But they nenr came back again!
Half the wild ocean rose up to the clouds,
Half the hroad sky scowled in thunder and rain;
Twenty white crests rose aro1'lntl them like shrouds,
And they stayed in the dancing main!
This is easy to sing, and often to mourn,
And the breaking of dawn is no newer to-any i
But those who die young 01" are left forlorn,
Think grief is no older than they!
THE LOST RATTLE.
TO his heart it struck such terror
That he laugh eel a laugh of scorn-
The mUll in the solclier's doublet,
'Yith the sword so bravely worn.
" Dead men, there is one lh-ing
Shall stay it out with you! ,.
It struck his heart like the frost-wind
To finrl his cOlJlracles fled,
While the hattle-fie1c1 was guarded
By the heroes who lay dead.
He raised a ragged standard,
This lonely soul in war,
And caBed the foe to onset,
'Vith shouts they l}eard afar.
He drew his s" onl in the sunlight.
And called with a long halloo:
They galloped s,,-iftly toward him.
The banner floated wide;
It sank; he sank beside it
Upon his sword, and died.
1861-88]
WILLIAJI CRARY BROWNELL.
43
DOROTHY.
D EAR little Dorothv, she is no more!
I have wandered world-wIde, from shore to shore,
I have seen as great ueautics as cver were wed;
But none can console mc for Dorothy dead.
Dear little Dorothy! How stratlge it seems
That her face is less rf'al than the faces of dreams;
That the lovc which kept true, and the lips which so spoke,
Are more lost than my heart, which died not when it uroke!
ttlílUau\ <Crarr 13ro\t)1tcll.
BOR
in Xew YOI"k,
. Y., U:i51.
TH E FHEX('lIWO:.\L\.X.
[Frmch Trail,.;. 18t)!).]
T HE domesticity aimed at by the Rpanish convent and cultivated by the
Germanic hearth and chimney-corner is in no sense the object of the
Frcnchman's ambition for the Frenchwoman. Here as elsewhcre his social in-
stinct triumphs over every other, and he regards the family circle as altogether
too narrow a sphere for the acti,'ities of a being who occupies so much of llis
mind and heart, and in whose con
ideration he is as much concerned as she
in his. To be the mother of his childrcn and the nurse of his declining years
is a destiny which, unrelie,-ed by thc gratification of her own instincts of ex-
pansion, he would as little wi
h for her as she would for herðclf. To be the
ornament of a society, to awake perpctual interest, to be pf'rpetuaUy and
univeri'ally charming. to contribute powerfully to the general aims of her en-
yironment, never to lose her character as woman in any of the pha
es or func-
tions of womanly existence, evcn in wifehood or maternity-this ccntral mo-
tive of the Fr('nchwoman's existence is cordially approved by thc French man.
In fact it is because he approves and insists upon it that she is what she is. It
is for this reason that she devotes so much attcntion to chess, which in herthus,
spite of those surface indications that mi
lead the foreigner, is almost neyer
due to the passion for dress in itself to which similar preoccupation infallibly
testi tics in the women of other societics. .A X ew York belle dresses for her
rivals-when f:he does not, like the aborigines of lwr
p('C'ie8, rlre8s for herself
alone.
Ir. Henry James acutely represents the )[r
. 'Vest gate of hi
., Inter-
national Episode" as "f'ighing to think the Duche::-:s would never know how
well she was dreð::-:ed." To induce analogous regrf't in a French,,"om:ln a cor-
rcsponding ma
culine ohtuseness would be absolutely indispensable. .And
this among heruwll countrymen she would never l'ncounter. Her dress, then,
44
WILLIAM CRARY BROWNELL.
[1861-88
is a part of her coquetry-one of the most important weapons in a tolerably
well-stocked arsenal; but it is nothing more, and it in no degree betokens
frivolity. Like her figure and her carriage it is a continual ocular demonstra-
tion and a strong ally of her instinct, her genius, for style. In tI)cse three re-
gards she is unapproachable, anù in every other attribute of style she is ccr-
tainly unsurpassed. In elegance, in intelligence, in self-possession, in poise,
it would be difficult to find exceptions in other countries to rival the average
Parisienne. And her coquetry, which eudues her style with the e1ement of
charm (of which it is, as I said, the science), is neither more nor less than the
instinct to please highly developed. It is not, as certainly cOf}uctr} elsewhere
may sometimes be called, tIJC instinct to please deeply pen'erted. The French
coquette does not flirt. Her frivolity, her superficiality, may be great in many
directiOl)s-in religion, in moral steadfastne
:" in renunciation, in constancv,
even in sensibility-but in coquetry she is never superficial; the dimly Yeile
l,
half acknowledged insincerity of what is knuwn as flirtation would seem to
her frivolous to a degree unsuspected by her American contemporary. To
her as to her countrymen the relations of men and women are too important
ll1d too interesting not to be at bottom entirely serious. .
In fine, to estimate the Frenchwoman's moral nature with allY approach to
adequacy it is necessary entirely to avoid viewing her from an Anglo-Saxon
standpoint. Apart from her milieu she is not to be understood at all. The
ideals of woman in general held by this milÙ'll arc wholly different from our
ideals. To see how and wherein let us in( uire of some frank French friend.
H 'Ve shall never agree about women," he will be sure to admit at the outset;
and he may be imagined to continue very much in this strain: "We French-
men have a repugnance, both instinctive and explicit, to your propensity to
make companionabilitythe essential quality of the ideal woman. ConRciously
or u.nconsciously this is precisely what you do. It is in virtue of their being
more companionable, and in an essentially masculine sense, that the best of
your women, the serious ones, shine supcrior in your eyes to their frivolous
or pedantic rivals. Y 011 seem to us, in fact, to approach far more nearly than
your English cousins to the ideal ill this respect of your common Gothic au-
cestors. Your ideal is pretty closely the Alruua woman-an august creature
spiritually endowed with inflexiblf' purity and lofty, respect-compelling \""Ír-
tues, performing the office of a ' guiding-star' amid the perplexities of life,
whose approval or censure is important in a thousand moral exigencies, and
one's feeling for whom is always strongly tinctured-even in the ùays of court-
ship-with something akin to filial feeling. In your daily life this ideal be-
comes, of course, familiarized-you do not need to be reminded that' famil-
iarized' is, indeed, an extenuating term to descrihe the effect upon many of
your ideals when they are brought into the atmosphere of your daily life, that
the contrast he tween American iùealR alldAmerican practice frequently strikes
us as grotesque. In the atmosphere of your daily life the Alruna woman 1,e-
comes a good feHow. She despi8es girls who flirt, as yon yourselves deðpise
our dandies and our petits .feunes gens. She despises with equal vigor the
lackadaisical, the hysterical, the affected in any way. She plaY8 a gooù game
of tennið; it is one of her [II)) bitions to Ct
st a fly adroitly, to handle au oar
18Gl-88]
WILLLLII CRARY BROWNELL.
45
well. She is by no means a Di Vernon. She bas a thoroughly masculine an-
tipathy to the romantic, and is embarrassed in its presence. She reads tbe
journals; she haf; opinions, which, unJike her inferior sister
, she rarelyob-
trudes. Shc is tremendousl}- efficient and never poses. She is saved from
masculinity Ly great tact, great delicacy in essentials, by her beauty which is
markedly feminine, by her immensely narrower sphere, and by Divine Provi-
dence. She is thus thoroughly companionable, and she is after all a woman.
This makes bel' illlmen
ely attractive to you. But nothing could be le
s se-
d ucti ye to us than this predom inance of companionableness O\-er the feminine
element. ihc element of sex. Of our women, ideal and real (which yon know
in France, the counb-y of efluality, of homogeneity, of averages, is nearly the
same thing), we could better say that they arc thoroughly feminine and tbat
they are, after all, companionable. Indeed, if what I understand by , com-
panionable' be correct, i.e., rien que s'entendre, they are quite as much so as
their American sisterl', though in a ,,"ery different way, it is true,
" Let mc explain. The strictness of your social code effectually shuts off
the American woman from interest in, and the American girl from knowledge
of, what is realJy thc essential part of nearly half of life: I mean from any
mental occupation except in their more superficial aspects with the innumer-
able phenomena attending one of the t.wo great instincts from which modern
science has taught us to derive all thc moral perceptions and habits of human
life. This is exp1ninablc no doubt by the unwritten but puissant law which
informs eyery article of your social cOl1stitution that relates to women: name-
ly, the law that insures the precedence of the young girl o,,"er the married wo-
man. 'Yith you, indeed, the young girl has le haul du pavé in what seems to
us a very terrible degree. Your literature, for example, is held by her in a
ùondage which to us seems abject, and makes llS esteem it superficial. 'bince
the author of" rrom Jones" no OlIe ha
been permitted to dCl'ict a m::m as he
really is,' complains Thackeray. "
ith you it is even worse, because the young
girl cxercises an even greater tyranny than in England. K othing 1'0 forcibl.v
illu:-:trates her position at the head of your society, howe"er-not c,,"en her
overwhelming predominance in all your social rcunion:5 within and without
doors, winter and summer, at luneheuns, dinners, lawn-parties. halls, recep-
tions. lectures, and church-as the circumstance that you endeavor succc
s-
fully to keep her a girl after she has become a woman. You desirc and COll-
tri,e that your wires shall bc virgins in word, thought, and aspiration. That
this should be the case bcforc marriage everyone comprehends. That i
the
enù of our endeavor equally with your
. In eycry civilized society men wish
to be themseh es the introducers and instructors of their wives in a realm of
such real and vital intcrest as that of which marriage. evcrywhere but in your
country, opens the door. But with us the young girl is constantly looking
forward to becoming, and envying tIle condition of, a woman. That is the
source of our restrictions, of our connmtnal regulation::" which seem to you
so ahsurd. even [0:0 ùi
honoring. You arc sa reù from having such, however,
by the fact that with you the young girl i
thc rounded allLl completc ideal,
the type of womanhood, and that it is her condition, spiritually speakin.
.
that the wife and evcn the mother emulate. And you desire ardently that
46
WILLIAJI CRARY BROTrNELL.
[1861-88
they should. You do not' see any necessit
.., as you say in your utilitarian
ph;aseology, of a woman's' losing' anything of the fresh and clear charm
which perfume8 the existence of the young girl. You have a !'hort way of di
-
posing of our notion that a woman is the flower and fulfilment of that of which
the young girl is the bud and. the promise. You esteem this notion a pieee of
sophistry designed to conceal our really immoral desire to roh uur
Tomen of
the innocence and na"iveté which we insist upon in the young .girl, in order
that our social life may be more highly spiced. Your view is whollJ different
from that of your race at the epoch of its most considerable aehieyements in
the' critici!'m of life
and antecedent to the Anglo-Saxon invention of prud-
ery as a lmlwark of virtue. It is a view which seems to spring directly from
the Puritan system of each individual managing independently his own spir-
itual affairs without any of the reciprocal aids and the division of lahor pro-
yided for in the more elaborate scheme of Catholicism, in consequence of
which each indi, idualleft in this way wholly to himself is forced into a timid
and distrustful attitude toward temptation. N otl1Ïng is more noticeable in
your women, thus, than a certain suspicious and timorouR exclusion from
the field of contemplation of anything unsuited to the attention of the young
girl. It is as if they feared contamination for virtue if the attitude and habit
of mind helonging to innocence were once abandoned. They prohably do fear
vaguely that you fear it for them. that your feminine it](.al c
elndes it.
., Sow, it is very evident that however admirahle in itð results this pusition
m.ay be, and however sound in itself, it involves an important limitation of
that very companionableness which you. so much insist on in your women.
In this sense, the average Frenchwoman is an equal, a companion, to a degree
almo
t never witnessed with you. After an hour of feminine society we do not
repair to the club for a relaxation of mind and spirit, for a respiration of ex-
pansion, and to nnd in unrestrained freedom an enjoyment that has the ad-
ditional sense of being a relief. Our clubs are in fact mere excuses for gam-
bling, not refuges for bored husbands and homeless bachelors. Conversation
among men is perhaps grosser in quality, the éq'llil'oque is perhaps not so deli-
cate, so spin:tuelle, but they do not diffcr in kind from the conversational ti
-
sue in mixed company, as with you they doso widely. "
ithyou this difference
in kind is notoriously an abyss. In virtue of our lnvention of treating deli-
cate topics with innuendo, our mixed society gain
immensely in interest and
attractivpness, anù our women are more intimately companionable than
yours.
"Even if your women were intimately companionahle they would none the
less radically differ from our own; we should still reproach them with a cer-
tain masculine quality in the elevated, and a certain prosaic note in the famil-
iar types. By masculine, I certainly do not here intend the significntion JOu
give to your derisive epithet' strong-minded.' In affirming that there is a
generous ampleness in the feminine quality of our women unobservahle in
yonrs, I do not mean to charge them with inferiority in what you call' pnre
mentality'; in intelligence and capaciticð we believe them unequallecl the
world o'Ter. But they are e
:;entjally less masculine in avoiding strictly all
competition with men, in conserving all their individuality of sex and follow-
1861-88]
WILLIAJI CRAll Y BRG TVNELL.
47
ing their own bent. K othing is more common than to hear American women
lament their lack of opportunity, envy the opportunity of men. Nothing is
rarer with us. It never occurs to a Frenchwoman to regret her sex. It is
probable that almost every American woman with any pretensions to ' pure
mentality,' feels, on the contrary, that her sex is a limitation, and wishes, with
that varying ardor and intermittent energy which characterize her, that she
were a man and had a man's opportunity. In a thousand ways she is the man's
rival, which with us she never is. Hence the popularity with you of the agi-
tation for woman suffrage, practically unknown in France,
"The difference is nowhere so luminously illustrated as in the respective
attitudes of Fre11ch and American women toward the institution of marriage.
With us frum the hour when she begins first to think at all of her future-an
epoch whieh arrives probably much earlier than with you-marriage is the
end and aim of a woman's existence. And it is so consciously and deliberately,
A large part of her conduct ið influenced by this particular'prospect. It is
the conscious and deliberate aim also of her parent
or guardians for her,
They con
tantly remind her of it. Failure to attain it is considered by her and
by them as the one great failure, to avuid which every effort should tenet every
aspiration be directed. In its excess this becomes either ludicruus or repul-
sive as one luoks at it. 'Si tu veux te marier, ne fais jamais ça' -" Cela t'elll-
pêchera de te marier '-who IHl:::. not been fatigued with such maternal ad-
monitions which resound in interiors bVno mealls alwavs of the b((ss(!cl((s
('?
But the result is that marriage occul'ie
a share of the y
oung girl's mind and
meditation which to your young girls would unJouLtedlyseem disproportion-
ate, and indeed involve a sense of :.;hame. There is no more provision in the
French social constitution than in the order of nature itself for the old maid.
Her fate is eternal eccentricity, and is correspondingly dreaded among us who
dread nothing more than exclusion from the sympathies of society and a share
in its organized activities. l\larriage once attained, the young girl, though
become by it a woman, is not of course essentially changed, hut only more
highly organized in her original direction. Yon may be f'urpriserl to hear
that sometimes it suffices her-as it suffices English, and used to ...\.merican
women; thongh it must be admitted that our society does not make of even
marriage an excuse for exacting the sum of a woman's activities which it is
the Anglo-Saxon tendency to do, and that tllU
her merit is less conspicuous.
If marriage do not suffice her, it is not ill 'Sorosis ' or Dorcas or Browning
80cietie
, or art or books that she seeks distraction, but in the consolation
strictly cognate to that of marriage which society offers her. Accordingly,
whate,"er grJl'S to make up the distinctively feminine side of woman's llature
tends with us to become highly de,"elopcd. It acquircs a refinement, a :mh-
tlety, of organization quite unknown to societicð who5e ideal women inspire
filial feeling. 'Ve havl' a:-; a rule very few Cornclia:5. Our mothers themseln's
are far from being Spartan. The Gothic goddess is practically unknown in
France, " 'V oman's sphere,' as you call it, 1s tutally di:5tinct from mall\;.
The action and reaction of the two which proùuce the occupation, the amuse-
ment, the lifc of society are far more intimate than with you, but they are the
exact reverse of homogeneous.
48
WILLIA.Jf CRARY BROWNELL.
[1861-88
" It is an inevitahle corollary from this that that sentimental side which
you seem to us to be endea,'oring to subordinate inyour more serious women,
receives in the Frenchwoman that greatest of all benefits, a harmonious and
natural development. Before and after marriage, and bowever marriage may
turn for her, it is her disposition to love and her capacity for loving which are
stimulated constantly ùy her surroundings, and whieh are really the measure
of the esteem in which she is held. To love intensely and passionately is her
ideal. It i8 so much her ideal that if marria.Q"c does not elJable her to attain
it, it is a virtue rather than a demerit in he;:' eves to seek it elsewhere. Not
to die before having attained in its fulness this. end of the law of bel' being is
often the ðouree of the Frenchwoman's tragic disasters. But even when in-
dullitable disaster arrives to her it is at least tragic, and a tragedy of tlÜs kind
is in itself glorious. To remain spiritually an être incornplet is to her nearly
as dreadful a fate as to ùecome a monstrosity. Both are equally hostile to na-
ture, and we have a national passion for being in harmony with nature. It is
})robably impossible to make you comprehend how far this is carried by us.
Take the life of George Sand as an instance. It was incon testaLI) the inspira-
tion of her works, and to us it is the reverse of reprehensible, 'for she loyed
much '; it is not her elopement with l\Ius:,et but her desertion of him that in-
dicates to our mind her weak sidc. In thið way the attitude of the French-
woman toward love is one of perfect frankne
s. So far from dissembling its
nature-either transcendentally or pietistically, after tbe fashion of your
maidens, or mystically, after the fashion in the pays de Gretchen-she appre-
ciates it directly and simply as a passion. and for her the most potent of the
pa:-:sions, the pas:5ion whose praise has been the burden of all the poets since
the morning stars first sang together, and whose possession shares equally with
the po:-'se
sion of superior intelligence the honor of distinguishing man from
the lower animals. This is why to our women, as much as to our men, your
literature, your' criticism of life.' seems pale, as we say-pale and superficial.
This is why we had such an en!lo'ltement for )'our Byron and never heard of
your \V onlsworth. This is why we occupy ourselves so much with cognate
subjects as JOu will have remarked,
., ...\.nd the sentimental side, being thuð naturally and hurmoniouslJ deyel-
oped, becomes thus naturally and spontaneously the instrument of woman's
power and the source of her dignity. Through it she seeks her triumphs and
attains her ends. To it is due not her influence over men-as with your in-
veterate habit of either divorcing the sexes into a friendly rivalry or associat-
ing them upon the old-fashioned, EnglÏi,h, harem-like basis, you would in-
evitably express it-but her influence upon society. This results in a great
gain to women themselves-increases indefinitely their dignity and power.
It is axiomatic that anything inevitable and not in itself an evil it is far better
to utilize than to resist. Everyone acknowledges the eminence of the senti-
mental side in woman's nature, the great part which it plays in bel' conduct,
the great influence it has upon her motives. And since it has, therefore, ill-
entahly to be reckoned with, its development accomplishes for women results
which could not lie hoped for if sentiment were merely treated as an inevita-
ble handicap tu Le mudified and mitigated. Yòur own logic :5ecms to us ex-
1861-88]
HENRY WOOIJFEN GRAIJY.
49
ceedingly singular. You argne that men and women should be equal. that
the present regrettable inequality with you is due to the greater influence of
sentiment on women's minds in viewing purely intelIectual matters (you are
constantly throwing this up to your woman suffragists), and that therefore
the way in which womell are to be improved and ele,-ated (as you curiously
express it) is clearly by the reprcssion of their sentiment. It is the old story:
yon are constantly teaching your women to envy the opportunities of men, to
regret their' inferiority' hitherto, and to endeavor to emulate masculine vir-
tues by mastering their emotions and suppressing their sentiment; that is to
say, you are constantly doing this by indirection and unconsciously, at least,
and by betraying the fact that such is your ideal for them. You never seem
tu think they can be treated as a fundamentally different order of capacity
and disposition. I remember lil'tening for two hours to one of your cleverest
women lecturing on Joan of Arc, and the thesis of her lecture was that there
was no mystery at all about the )Iaid and her accomplishments, except tbe
eternal mystery of transcendent military genius, that she was in fact a female
Xapoleon and that it was the 'accident of sex' simply that had prevented her
from being so esteemed by the purblind masculine prejudice which had there-
tofore dominated people's minds. 1'binking of what Jeanne d'Arc stands for
to llS Frenchmen, of her place in our imaginations, of the way in which she il-
lustrates for us the puissance of the essentially feminine element in humanity,
I
aid to myself, 'No, the Americans and we will never agree about women.' "
l
cntp ITIootJfen <!5ratJp.
BOR
in Atbens, Ga., 1851. DIED in Atlanta, Ga., 1889.
THE SOFTER ASPECTS OF SLA YERY.
[From a Series of A1'tiCleS on " The JÙw South."-The New r01,k Ledge1'. 1889.]
P ERHAPS no period of human history has been more misjudged and less
understood than the slave-holding era in the South. Slavery as an in-
fìtitution cannot be defended; but its administration was so nearly perfect
among our forefathcrs as to challenge and hold our loving respect, It is
doubtful if the world has seen a peilsantry so happy and so well-to-do as the
negro slaves in America. The world was amazed at the fidelity with which
these slaves guarded, from 18Gl to 18C5, the homes and families of the mas-
tcrs who were fighting with the army that harred their way to freedom. If
"Uncle Tom's Cabin " had portrayed the rule of slavery rather than the
rarcst exccption, not all the armies that went to the field could havc stayed
the flood of rapine and arson and })illage that would bave started with the
first gun of the civil war. Instead of that, witnesð the miracle of the slave in
loyalty to his master, closing tbe fetters upon his own limb::;-maintaining
and defending the families of those who fought against his freedom-and at
VOL. XI.-4.
50
HE..NRY TVOODFE_Y GRADY.
[1861-88
night on the far-off battIe-field searching among the carnage for his young
master, that be might lift the dying head to his breast and bend to <:atch the
last words to the old folks at home, so wrestling the meantimc ill agony and
loye that he would lay down his life in his master's stead.
History has no par
lIel to the faith kept by the negro in the South during
the "War. Often fiye hundred negrues to a single white man, and) et through
these dusky throngs the women and childrcn walked in safety, and the un-
protected homes rested in peace. Unmarshalled, the black battalions moved
patiently to the fields in the morning to feed the armies their illlenel's would
have stan'ed, and at night gathered anxiously at the big house to c. hear the
news from marster," thougL conscious that his victory maùe their chains en-
during. En:oryn-here humble and kindly. The boc1y-g"uarll of the helpless.
The rough companion of the little ones, The ohseryant friend. The silent
sentry in his lowly cabin. The shrewd counseIJor. And when the dead came
home. a mourner at the open grare. A thousand torches would have dis-
banded e,-ery Southern army, but not one was lighted. "-hen the master,
going to a war in which slavery was invoh.ec1, said to llis slave, "I leave my
home and loved ones in your charge," the tenderness between man aud mas-
ter stood disclosed.
The Northern man, dealing "With casual servants, querulous, bensitive, and
lodged for a day ill a sphere they resent, can hardly cOmprdlellll the friendli-
ness and sympathy that existed between the ma
ter and the F:lave, He can-
not understand how the ne:;!TO stood in slu'n
ry days, open-hearted and sym-
pathetic, full of go
sip and comraùeshiþ, the eompauion of the hunt, frolic,
furrow, and home, contented in the kindly dependence that has been a habit
of his blood
and never lifting his eyes beyond the narrow horizon that shut
him in with his ncighbors and friends. But this relation did e'
Üt in the
days of slavery. It was the rule of that 'I'égime, It has surviYell war, and
strife, and political campaigns in which the drum-beat inspired and Federal
bayonets fortified. It willne\'er die until the last slave-hohler anù
lave has
been gathered to rest. It is the glory of Ollr past in the South. It is the an-
swer to abuse and slander. It is the hope of our future.
The relations of the races in
lavery must be clearly unrlel'
tood to under-
stand what has followed, and to judge of what is yet to come. X ot less im-
pOl'tant is it to have somc clear idea of the civilization of that period.
That wus n peculiar society. Almost feudal in its
plendor, it was almost
patriarchal in its simplicity. Leisure and wealth gaye it exquisite culture.
Its wives and mothers, exempt from drudgery, and almo::,t from <:<lre, gave to
their sons, through patient and constant training. ;-;omethillg" of their own
grace and gentleness and to their homes beauty and light. It;':. people, homo-
geneous by necessity, held straight and simple faith, and wcre religious to a
marked degree along the old Jines of Chri
tian belief. This SLUlle homogene-
ity bred a ho:-;pitality that was as h.in
men to kinsmeu, and that wasted at the
threshold of every home wbat the more frugal people of the S orth consened
and invested in public charities. rrhe code duello furnished the highest ap-
pcal in dispute, An affront to a lad was answered at the piStOl'8 mouth. The
1861-88]
IIENRY WOODFEN GRADY.
51
sense of quick responsibility tempered the tongues of {'yen the most violent,
and the newspapers of South Carolina for eight years, it is said, did not con-
tain one abusive worù, The ownership of slaves, eyen more than of realty,
held families steadfast on their estates, and everywhere prcvailed the socia-
bility of established neighborhoods. )Ioney counted least in making the so-
cial status, and constantly ambitious awl brilliant youngsters from no estate
married into the families of planter princes. )Ieanwhile the one character
utterh. condemned and ostracized was the man who was mean tu his slaves.
Even the coward was pitied and might ha;ve been liked. For the cruel master
there was no toleration.
The ante-bellum 80ciety had immense force. "
orking under the slavery
which brought the suspicion or hostility of the
-orld, and which practicaHy
beleaguered it within walls, it yet accomplished good things. For the first
sixty-four years of the republic it furnished the presiùent for fifty-t
.o years.
Its statesmen demanded the war of 1812. openeù it with but fhe Northern
senators supporting it, and its general. Jack
on, won the decisive battle of
:New Orleans, It was a
outhern statesman who ac1deu the Louisiana terri-
tory of more than 1,000,000 slluare miles to our domain. ruder a Southern
statesman Florida was acquired from Spain. Against the oppo:,ition of the
frec States, the Southern influence forced the war with )Iexico, and annexeù
the superb empire of Texas, brought in Kew l\Ie-x:ico, and opened the gates of
the republic to the Pacific. Scott and Taylor, the heroes of the ':Mexican war,
were Southern men. In materi31. as in political affairs, the old South was
masterful. Tlw firi't importan t railroad operated ill
\.merica traversed Onro-
lina. The first steamer that crossed the ocean cIe3red from Sayannah. The
first college established for girls was opencd in Gf'orgia. ?\ 0 nfituralist has
surpass('d Audubon; no geographer elpmllcd
Iaury ; and Sims find )IcDon-
aId led the world of surgery in their respective lines. It wa
Crawford Long,
of Georgia, who gave to the world the priceless blessing of allæsthesi:l. The
wealth accumulated by the pcople was man'ellou:-:. And, though it is held
that slavery enriched the poor at the general expense, Georgia and Carolina
were the richest State
, pCI' capita, in the L"nion in 18 f jO, saving Rhode I
l-
and. Some illra of the desolation of war may be had from the fact tl13t, in
spite of their late remarkable recuperation, they are now, excepting Idaho,
the poorest States, per capita, in the "Cnion. So rich was the South in 18GO,
that )Ir, Lincoln spoke but COUllllon sentiment when he said: ., If we let the
South go, where shall we get our revenues ?"
In its engaging grace-in the chi nllry that tempered even Quixotism with
dignity-in the piety that sayed llla
tcr and slave alike-in the charity that
boasted not-in the honor held aùo, e estate-in the hn
pitHlity that neither
condcðccnded nor cringed-in frankne;ö:s and heartine:5s and wholesome com-
radt
hip-in the re'.erence paid to womallflOod and the inviolable respect in
which woman's 113me wag held-the civilization of the old sla'.e 'J"égime in the
Sou th has not been surpassed, and perh3ps will not be equalled, among men.
.And as the fidelity of thf' sl:n () during the war be
poke the kindness of the
master before the war,
o the unquestioning rt:'vt:'rence with which the young
men of the South accepted, in 18(j5, thcir heritage of pm erty and defeat,
52
JOHN ALFRED J.l:lACON.
[1861-88
proved the strength and exceIlellce of the civilization from which that her-
itage had come. In cheerfulness they bestirred themselves amid the ashes
and the wrecks, and, holding the inspiration of their past to be better than
their rich acres and garnered wealth, went out to rebuild their fallen for-
tunes, with never a word of complaint, nor the thought of criticism!
j01Jn glfrct1 ß:lacOtt.
BOR::\ ill Demopoli
, Ala., 1851.
TERPSICHORE IX TilE FLAT CHEEK QrARTERS.
[f'ontrilmirrl to illr Century .J.1Iagazine. 1RRO-8:
.]
L ISTE
when I call de figger
! Watch de music es you go!
Chassay forrard! (Now look at 'em! some too fas' an' some too slow!)
Step out when I gibs de order; keep up ehell wid de line;
'Vhat's got in dem lazy niggers? Stop dat stringin' out behin'!
All go formrd to de centre! Balance roun' an' den go back!
Keep on in de proper 'rection, }"ight straight up an' down de crack! nun
1\Ioobe up sides an' mind de music; listen when you hear me speak!
(Jes' look at clem Pea Ridge uiggers, how dey's lJUckin' 'gin de Creek!)
Dat's de proper action, Samho! dell you done de l)iznis right!
Now show 'em how you knocked ùe splinters at de shuck in' t'ndder night;
Try to do your lebbel bes" an' stomp it like you use to ùo!
J es' come down on de "Flat Creek step" nn' show de Ridge a thing or two!
Now look at dat limber Jonah tryill' to tech de fancy fling!
(Who eoLer seed a yaller nigger dnt coulll cut de pidgin-wing?)
Try dat lick agin, dar, )[oscs; tell you what, c1at's hard to beat!
(How kin sich a little nigger handle sich a pile 0' feet ?)
Swing your corners! Turn your pardners! ('Pears de motion's gittin' slow.)
'Vhat's de matter wid de music? Put some rosgum on c1at bow!
1\Ioohe up, Torn-don't he so sleepy! Let 'em see what yon kin do!
Light off in de "gm'-vine-twis'" an' knock dc "double-shuffle," too!
Gosh! dat double-j'intcd SteLen flings a hifalutin hoof!
He kicks de dus' plum out de planks an' jars de shingles on de roof!
Steady, now, an' check de motion! Let de fiddler stop de chune!
I smell de 'possum froo de crack, an' supper's gwine to call you soon!
De white folks come it mighty handy, waltzin' 'roun' so nice an' fine;
But when you comc to reg'lar dancilt', niggers kabtJl'J 'em way bellin' !
.
1861-88]
JOH_Y ALFRED .1lIACO.J.Y.
53
POLITICS AT TIlE LOG-W ILLING.
I B'LEBES dat any nigger's in a sorry sort 0' way
Dat swallows all de racket dat de politicians say;
For I's been a grown-up cuUud man some forty years or so,
An' I's heard 'em make de same old 'sertiolls heap 0' times befo'.
Dar's lots 0' cussed foolishncs
an' ga,.;sin', anyway,
'Bout bustin' up de Consterchusion eh'ry 'Iection-day;
'Cause I gib it as de notion ob a plain an' humble man,
Dat de Gub'ment an' de country, too, is tough enough to stan'.
I nelJber takes more polertics den one good man kin tote,
An' I don't need any 'visin' when I go to dmp Illy vote;
I talks wid all de callerdates, an' tell 'em what I choose,
But I goes in on de side dat gihs dt, bi[f!ft:ðt bv!Jbyke/JJs!
THE OLD
IlIP OP ZIO
.
O R! eh'rything's ready,-
De wind is steady,
An' de folks keep a-crowd in' to de gospel
ship;
Tis de best time to ride
On de Jordan tide-
Dar'ij no use 0' waitill' for the 'scursion
trip!
Dey's a-Ioosellin' de line,
An' soon she'll be
wine,
For yonder comf' de deck-hands to push
her off de hank;
She's a-puffin' ! she's a-puffin" !
An'
he nebher waits for nuffin'-
Better git abode, siuners, 'fo' <.ley pull in
de plaltk !
THE WEDDIXG OX TIlE CREEK.
O H! I's got to string de banjer 'g"in<:t (le closin' ob de week,
For dar's g-wine to he a we(ldin' 'mong-st de niggers on de Creek.
Dey's gittin' up à frolic, an' dar's gwine to be a noise
'Yhen de Plantation knocks ag"iu' de Slah Town hoys!
Dar'U he stranger folks a-plenty, an' de gals is comin' too,
Allluhly as de day-break, au' fresher (lau de jew!
A'nt Dinah's gittin' really, will her half a dozen (laughters,
An' little .\.ngcIina, fmn de ChinkYlwu Quaru'rs;
Anuddel'
al's a-comin', hut I couhln't tell her nallle;
She's swe
t as 'lasses candy an' pretty all c1e same!
She's nicer dan a rosC'-hu"h an' luhly ehrywhar
Fum de bottom oh her slippers to (lc wl"Oppin's in her ha'r.
Lordy mussy 'pOll me, how 'twill flustcrate de niggers
To see hcr slidin' cro1"S de flo' an' steppill' froo de figgcl's.
54
OHARLES FRA
CIS RIOHARDSO
Y.
[1861-88
<ltlJarlcø 1francíø 1IìíclJarnøon.
BOR
in Hallowell, :Me., 1851.
X A TIL\XIEL HA WTIIOR
E.
[American Literature: 1607-1885. In Two Yolumes. 1887-89.]
HIS GEYIGS AS .AN ARTIST.
G LADLY we turn toward the singularly beautiful and characteristic list
of writings which began with" Fanshawe" in 1828 and closed with the
unfinished "Dolliver Romance" in 18ô-!. Throughout nearly all of them we
shall find that artle::;sness which characterizes the true genius, and that art
which shows genius to be accompanied by high powers of construction and
elaboration. An English painter and poet of Hawthorne's own time wrote,
in youth, [I story which bas for its central thought the idea that" an artist
need not seek for intellectualized moral intentions in his work, but will ful-
fil God's highest purpose by simple truth in manifesting, in a spirit of de\"out
faith, the gift that God has giyen him." This idea is one which, in SOllle
shape, often occurs to Hawthorne's readers, and mu:;t more often have been
in the romancer's own mind, though he seldom formulated it.
The delight which we take in Hawthorne is, then, the joy of perception of
the work of an artist. The severalmetþods of intellectual communication
between mind and mind are widely variant in method and result. "
e derive
one impression or pleasure from painting, and another-now stronger, now
weaker-from sculpture, architecture, action, music; or from the apprehen-
sion of inanimate nature by the sense. It is the privilege anù power of liter-
ature in the hands of its masters to eonvey to readers èl sort of combination or
intense suggestion of almost all other methods of thought-transff'r or Bou1-
expre:;sion. If printing is the "art preservative of all arts," literature i:-; the
art suggestive or inclusive of all art::-:. The author is an artist, and in di-
rect proportion as he fulfils the highest artistic function in choice and elab-
oration of his creations docs he deserve his craft-name in its highest
sense.
The precise success which Hawthorne bas attained, Ül his artist-work, is a
matter of debate, which it is hopeless to try to settle definitely as yet. Theneg-
lect which once surrounded bis name 11<1s changed to a too silly and reveren-
tiallaudation. Already this modest writer has fallen into the hands of the
zealots who study plays or poems of Shakespeare or Shelley or Browning for
"inner meanings" or esoteric doctrine. There can no longer be question,
however, that Hawthorne is an artist, to be mea::-ured by the canons applicable
to the broadcr and morc ambitiou
creations. and to stand or fall ill letter
ac-
cording as his writings endure the large tests which they are hrought to face.
Often enough diù Hawthorne express his knowledge of the tremendous
lesson which life teaches to a great artist like a Dante or a )filton, but cannot
teach to a Schopenhuller or an Omar Khayyám. Bunyan llever insisted more
1861-88J
CHARLES FRANCIS RICHARDSON.
55
strongly upon the notion of God, duty, and immortality; upon the" sinful-
ness of sin, .. as the old preachers used to phrase it, and as the liberal roman-
cer in reality accepted it. The human heart was Hawthorne's highest and
most constant theme, and though he neyer wasted time in orotund sermoniz-
ing, and threw away as chaff fit for" Earth's Holocaust" much that creed-
makers, from Nice to Plymouth, deem sacred, he was ever, without being
less an artist, a force in the world of life and letters, He watched with keen,
deep eyf's, but sometimes he wrote with a pen of flame. ,,; The heart, the
heart,-there was the little yet boundlel:i8 sphere wherein existed the original
wrong of which the crime and misery of this outward world were merely types.
Purify that inward sphere, and the many shapes of evil that haunt the out-
ward, and which now seem almost our only realities, will turn to sbadowy
phantoms and vanish of their own accurd; but if we go no deeper than the
intellect, and strive, with mercly that feeble instrument, to discern and rec-
tify what is wrong, our whole accomplishment will be a dream.--
This .,; inward
pl1f're, " the human heart, was Hawthorne's field of study
and portrayal. He saw and described its innocence, its purity, its loveliness,
its nuble hopes, its truest triumphs, its temptations, its sinful tendency, its
desperate struggles, its downward motions, its malignity, its" total deprav-
ity," at least in appearance, its final petrifaction and self-destruetion-the
only destruction of which, in the divine plan, it is capable. Life, in Haw-
thorne's view, was no Human Comedy, as to Balzac, or tragedy of lost souls,
as tu the early X ew England theologians, but the struggle of individual men,
women, and ûhildren with the powcrs within and without them, and chiefly
the powers within. Surely a romancer could have no higher theme, and highly
did Hawthorne treat it.
ART AXD ETHICS.
But did he thereby become the less an artist or the more?
The literature of thc two great Anglo-Saxon peoples has al ways had a tol-
erably clear idea that there is a necessary connection between 3rt and ethics.
It has contained many mischievous or frivolous books; it has warered be-
tween the austerity of Bunyan and the license of the dramatists of the Res-
toration; it has b(>en successively influenced by Korman-French, Italian,
Latin, and Greek cnlture ; Imt it has nevcr lost sight of certain principles pe-
culiarly its own. One of these principle
i:-: that a book should hare a definite
purpose, a 1'(>31 reason for being, if it expects a long life. This principle has
not been lost even in the imaginative literature of England and America.
Before the novel, the poem afforded our intellectual ancestor;o; their means
of amusement; and in early Ellgli
h poetry the moral clemf'nt was seldom
lacking.
"\rhen fiction took the place of poctry, as an intellectual amusement, the
same principle held good. To this day, the best-known work of imagination
in English prose is a terriùly earnest
ermon. It so happened that the growth
of the English noycl began when English society and religion were once more
in a degraded state, but in the indecency and coarseness of the novel of the
eighteenth ccntury there :-:tilI appears something that is not French, not Ital-
56
CHARLES FRAYCIS RICHARDSON,
[1861-88
ian, not Spanish. Robinson Crusoe is a moral Englishman abroad, who has
changed his sky, not his disposition. :Moralizing, if not morality, is not ab-
sent from the loose sayings of Sterne. Swift, in his malignant, half-insane
way, at least had reforms in view. Fielding, like Chaucer and the author of
"Piers Plowman, " felt that accurate delineation was the precursorofachange
for the better. Goldsmith's pictures of virtuous rural life arc still beloved be-
cause, in Taine's phrase, the chief of them "unitcs and harmonizes in one
character the best features of the manners and morals of the time and cuun-
try, and creates an admiration and love for pious and orderl)', domcí'tic and
disciplined, laborious and rural life ; Protest an t and English virtue has not a
more apprm:ed and amiable exemplar." Samuel Richardson, the precursor of
the long-rpgnant school of sentimental novelists, spent his literary lifetime
in trying to show that integrity and uprightness, even of the Granùison-
ian order, are more attractive than the vice of the" town" in the era of the
Georges.
Something more than mere amusement, something behind the story, is
still more evident in Scott, the Scheherezade of modern literature
in Dick-
ens, promoting humanity and good fellowship, and attacking abuses in pris-
ons, schools, law courts, and home-life; in Thackeray, tilting loyally against
social shams; in saddeued but brave Charlotte and Emilv Brontë, amid the
Yorkshire moors; in George Eliot, describing the Jew as
she believed him to
be in reality, doing justice to the stern righteousness of a Dinah :Morris, or
telling how Savonarola was a Protestant in spite of himself. Turning to
America, we note, as in England, the ahi\ost total disappearance of the out-
ward immorality which defiled British fiction a hundred years ago, and which
still disgraces a part of French fiction: and more than this, we find positive
qualities, and a belief that story-telling is something more than story-telling.
Irving feels with the heart of humanity; Cooper, like Scott, magnifies the
chivalric ,-irturs, undcr new skies; and Hawthorne goes to the depth of the
soul in his search for the basal principles of human action.
'Vha t docs all this mean? Is a book great because its moral purpose is sounù,
or is all literature bad as art and literature if it lacks the righteous purposc?
X ot at all; neither has Anglo-
axon literature monopoly of righteousness
and purpose. It means that this literature has insisteù more strongly than
others upon the necessary connection between art and ethics; that it has
ne,er prized a profitless, soulless beauty; and that, so long as the world can
be made bettcr by literature, book-makers can and ought to help, Between
two books of equal literary merit, but of une(lual purpose, it gives greater
and more lasting favor to the more useful book. It believes, with the Ameri-
can poet who is usually considered our chief apostle of the merely beautiful,
that" taste holds intimate relations with the intellect and the moral sense. "
"\Vhether it is right or wrong in this general idea, it i
eertain that any change
in it, whether wrought by belie,ers in "art for art's sake," by pseudo Greck
poets, by "cosmic" bards who sometimes confuse right and wron
, or by
strictly" realistic" 11Ovelists, will change a principle in accord with whieh
the race has acted for ten centuries.
In accord with that principle Nathaniel Hawthorne worked from the be-
1861-88]
CHARLES FRANCIS RICHARDSON.
57
ginning to the end of his literary life; but he was too great an artist to con-
fuse for a moment the dellland
of ethics with those of pure art.
REALIST AKD IDEALIST.
Hawthorne was a pioneer and master of that literary method which, under
the name of realism, has so strongly affected the fiction of the latter part of
the nineteenth century. He studied minutely, and portrayed with delicate
faithfulness, the smaIlest flower beneath his foot, the faintest bird in the dis-
tant sky, the trivial mark or the seemingly unimportant act of the person
described. 'rhe microscopic artist was not more faithful in noting little
characteristics or swiftly-fleeting marks. Such sketches as" A Rill from the
Town Pump," "
Iain Street," "Sights from a Steeple," or "Little Annie's
Ramble" are realism in its complete estate. Turguéneff himself, the proto-
type of so many followers in Russia, France, and America, is not more watch-
ful with the eye or more painstaking with the pen. But between Hawthorne
and Turguéneff there is an unlikeness as marked as their external Fimilar-
ity of method. Hawthorne, a realiRt in portrayal, is a thorough idealist in
thought and purpose. The weariness and melancholy of Russian life and lit-
erature are nowhere present in his writings. Turguéneff's exquisite" Poems
in Prose" virtually end with the query of that weakly pessimi
tic song the
burden of which is: ""
bat is it all when all is done?" In Hawthorne's
books, to be sure, arc the profoundest sin, the deepest veil of misery and mys-
tery, the" infinite gloom" of which Mrs. Hawthorne wrote; but always
above them the tremendous truth written with characters of fire, and yet
with" divine touches of beauty," with many a picture of artlessly lovely na-
ture and life, and with the telldcr spirit of a child pervading the whole. At
the close of Tnrguéneff's portrayals silcntly falls the black impenetrable
curtain through which we may not peer, behind which there is nothing. But
in Hawthorne's pages, heyond the blackness and woe of sin and of slow spir-
itual suicide, are the glow and the glory of the triumph that follows the strug-
gle; of the proved virtue that is better than untried innocence, aud of the
eternity that tells the meaning of time.
HA WTHORNE'S BACKGROrND.
Some critics have lamented that Hawthorne, so equipped with the strength
and weapon
of a genius, lacked thc historic background which a great ro-
mancer should enjoy. They have actually apologized for the po"\erty of the
materials which he was forced to usc. On the contrary, it seems to me tJIat he
found at hand scenes pos
essing remarkable capabilities for literary treat-
ment; strong and forceful character.5 never before portrayed
and (b<.'cause
of the va
t changed caused by thc Revolution) a sufficient remoteness of time.
Castles, draw-bridges, black forests, tournaments, battlé
. and knights and
dames had been llsed so often that nOllC hut a Scott could longer make them in-
teresti ng, But houses of sevcn g
bles: wi tch-haunted Puri tan village
, fri nged
by native woods from which the Indians had scarcely fled; soul-conflicts of
58
CHARLES FRANCIS RICIIARDSO..Y.
[1861-88
stern dogmatists; heart-sorrows of men and women whose lives were forced
back into their own selves; lovely little maidens from whom the poetry of
nature cuuld not be taken away; children as pure as the field-springs or half-
hidden violets amid which they played, were unfamiliar in English fiction
before Hawthorne. Irving in his Hudson stories, or Cooper in his Indian
tales, was not more fortunate in theme nor more original in treatment; while
Poe, the only other American novelist worth mentioning in a chapter de-
voted to Hawthorne, did not find Ghostland itself a better artistic back-
ground than Salem or Concord.
If it be an advantage for a novelist to follow other great worker:; in the-
same field, then Ha wt.horne lacked such advantage. But the great creator,
whether he be novelist or poet, does not need prototypes and forerunners.
He avails himself freely of the lessons and the work of his predece8sor
. but
he is under no more than minor obligations to them. The man of genius is
injured by following others, quite as truly að he is helped. A similar rC'mark
may he made concerning the picturesque or imposing historic background of
literature. :Such a backgruund, in an ancient country, is pretty sure tu be an
unduly f.lmiliarone. A genius, in point of fact, takes his background where
he finds it; if at home, and still comparatively unknown, he follows his na-
tional bcnt and local inspiration; if not, he forages all afield, without com-
plaining of the di
advantagcs of his surroundings. 'Vhen Hawthorne chose,
he maùe sulemn and august Rome his backgr,mnd; for the most part, how-
e,'er, he was glad to employ the singularly rich unused realm clo:;e at hand.
It is the weaker novelist that is most concerned to find a fit setting for 11Ís.
plot; a mind like Hawthorne's possesses the element of large natural spon-
taneity which characterizes the world-anthor as distinct from the provincial-
ist. A Dante is Italian. a Goethe is German, and even a Shakespeare is
illtensC'ly Englit'h; but in their writings the local typifies the general. To
the statemcnt, then, that Hawthorne was impri::;oned or disadvantaged by
his environment, a double reply can be made: first, that he found at hand a
rich and virgin field, well suited to the nature of his working gcnius; and
second, that his powers of ill\Tcntion and assimilation were too great to be
crushed down by adverse conditions, had such surrounded him. Indeed,
Hawthorne was related to his background a::; closely as flower to root, so nat-
urally did he grow from it and so truly did be represent it to the beholder's
eye.
CHARACTERISTICS.
Among his faults I haw not been able to include morbidness or inartistic
incompleteness. That he had faults, however, is unquestionable, awl they
should he stated definitely and frankl,. Purc and fine in mental nature, he
was sometinws unexpecte
lly coarse (Ì mean coarse, not indecent) in utter-
ance. Descriptions, or at times cntirc stories, arc aggranltingly impassive;
he stands without as a spectator, and what should bc the broadly dramatic
view falls into an avparent indiffcrentism which we cannot reconcile with his
gC'ueral purpose and attitude in literature. The unconscious strength sum-
moned from a rich })ersonal experience is misðec1 at critical points. At times>
1861-88]
CHARLES FRA..NCIS RICHARDSON.
59
as in reading the works of thc Laodicean realists themselves, we are ready to
cry out against the frigid philosophy of curious external observation. Again,
while he was a great delineator of representative elements in the characters of
men, women, and children, his colors were sometimes too pale and monoto-
nous, -not the colors of flesh and blood. \Ve seldom recognize a " Hawthorne
charactcr" on the streets of our daily walk. We are not always in tbe pres-
ence of vitality, but too often in that of personified ideas. His style is UIl-
varied; half a dozen short stories, or three romances, read in succe:-:sion, may
for some readers emphasize this fact to the extent of weariness. The muster
seems a mannerist; self-control appears the dead leyel of a great mountain
table-land, as dull as the yalley-plains below.
But, after all, tbese faults are incidental, not inherent. Hawthorne was a
great imaginative artist, with a highly ideal purpose and a strong and sure
hand; therefore his fame, small at first, has steadily increased in the quarter
of a century since his death, and shows no sign of waning as the years go on.
He once wrote: "No man who needs a monument ever ought to have one."
Hi.lwthorne's monument, is not beside the modest grave aboye which whisper
the pines of Concord's Sleepy Hollow; nor is it in thc cOlllmendations 0-';
analyses of bis many critics. His monument is in his bouks, which so combine
genius and art, imagination and human nature. Those whosc eyes ma." see
the fulness of human existence-its bright gayety and its gloomy grief and sin
-percci,'e in Hawthorne's buuks tbe breadth of that mysterious thing in
which we are, and which we call life. In" The )Iarble Faun" we are told that
"a picture, however admirable the painter'ð art and wonderful his power,
requires of the spectator a surrender of himsdf, in due proportion with the
miracle which has been wrought. Like all revelations of the better life, the
adefluate perception of a great work of art demand
a gifted simplicity of
vision." Hawthorne's students, indepd, need not claim that they must pos-
sess high gifts of mind in order to perceive the art of his Looks; for he but
requires in his readers somewhat uf his own simplicity and naturalne:-is. They
mnst follow him as a master, for the time being, and learn in his !5chool. He
whose knowledge of human nature goes beyond shallow optimism on the one
hand, and worldly cynicism on thc other, nced find no riddle
in Hawthorne's
pages. Perverse or dull was that French critic who once described Hawthorne
as "un romancicr pessimi:;:te. " It would be difficult to frame a statement
Icss accurate, or one more likely to amuse the romancer himself, if this title
has come to his knowledge in thc land of shades.
I have ðaid that Hawthornc's readers may follow him as a mastcr, and learn
in his school. The same advice is hardly to be given to those who not only
rcad but write, and who would catch the 8ccret of his literary success and ap-
ply it to their own novels or romances. Writers as well as readers, to be sure,
may follow Hawthorne in his habit of minutely-faithful and ever-delicatc ob-
servation of things great and small: they may di8cover that a realism which
stoops to note the color ûf a single petal may be COllI Lined with a spiritualism
which deems a heart-throb more important than a world of matter. They
may study his pellucid English, simple and yet artistic; and may learn not to
overcrowd thcir pages with too numerous figures or irrelevant episodes. He
GO
.J[ARIA
YA GRISWOLD rAN Rb'NSSELAER.
[1861-88
once made answer to a query as to his style: "It is the result of a great deal
of practice. It is a desire to tell the simple truth as honestly and vividly as
one can." This seems easy enough; but there is no likelihood that thC're will
be, in America or elsewhere, another Hawthorne. Fl'Om his name has been
derived an adjective, but we always apply the word" Hawthornesque " to a
single effect or undeveloped idea, and cven then some restriction is usually
adùecl to the expression, His fi('ld, method, anc1 style were in a large sense his
on'n. At first unread, then underrated, then called morbid or at
best cold and aloof, Hawthorne now stands before us as in sume sense ., the
greatest imaginative writer since Rhakespeare," of whose greatness we are
" beginning to arrive at sume faint sensc, "-a grcatness "immeasurably vast-
er than that of any other American who ever wrote."
In this greatness the spiritual element was of constant importance. Haw-
thorne, all in all, was no cold observer and impassive chronicler. As author,
ilC looked into the heart of the world, and wrote. As man, this deathless soul
could say in truth: "I have no love of secrecy and darkness. I am glad to
think that God sees through my heart, and, if any angel has power to pene-
trate into it, he is welcome to know everything that is there."
;fflaríana <!5rtø\UollJ
an lacttøøclaer.
BOR
ill New York, N. Y., 1851.
rOROT.
[Cm'ol.-Six Pm'/mit8. By J.lhs. Schuyler rr an Rens.çelupr. 18SU.]
" T RUTH," said Co rot, "iF< the first thing in art, and the second and the
third," But the whole truth cannot 00 told at once. A selection from
the mass of Nature's truths is what the artif't shows-a few things at a time,
and with sufficient emphasis to make them clearly felt. You cannot paint
ummer and winter on a single cnuvas.
0 two successive hours of a snnnner's
day are just alike, and you cannot paint them both. Kor, as certainly, call
you paint everything you see at the chosen moment. Crowd in tou much and
yon spoil the picture, weaken the imprc::\sion, caliceal your meaning, falsify
ever.vthing in the attempt to l)e too true.
This was Corot'l:; crf'ed. "That now were the truths that he interpreted at
the necessary sacrifice of others which werc less important in his cyes? They
are implied, I think, in the words I have already written.
('orot prized effects rather than what the non-arti.stic world calls solid facts.
Dut effects are a.s trlllv facts as arc the individual feature::; and dctails which
make them. Indeed, "they are the most essential as well as interesting uf all
facts. It is effects that '
e see first when we are in Nature's presence, that
impress us most, and d well the 10ngC'st in our minds. Outliue:-;. modelling',
local culor::;, minur details-the.se shift, appear and di
apl'ml', or alter vastly
1861-88]
JIARLLYA G RTS WOLD V
LY RE1YSSELAER.
61
as light and shadow change; and most of them we never really see at all until
we take time to analyze. Look at the same scene on a sunny morning or by
cloudv sun
et light. It is not the same scene, The feature
are the same, lmt
their
effect has cbangell, anù this means a Ilew landscape, a novel picture.
The mistake of tuo many modern painters, especially in England, is that they
paint from analysis, not from sig-ht. They paint the things they know are
there, not the things they percei,-e just a
they perceive them. This Oorot
never did. lIe studied analytically and learned all he could about solid facts;
but he pHinted f:ynthetically-omitting many things that he knew abuut, and
even many that he saw at the moment, in order to portray more clearly the
general result. And this general result he found in the main lines of the scene
before him; in its dominant tone; in the broad relationships of one mass of
color to all other:.; ; in the aspect of the sky, the character of the atmosphere,
and the play of light; and in the palpitating incessant movement of sky and
air and leaf.
Look at one of Oorofs foregrounds and yon will :;:ee whether it is soft or
hard, wet with tIew or dry in the sun: you will see its color, its mobility.
Look at his trees and you will see their ma:,::;, their diversities in densenes::;,
their pliability and vital freshne:--s, Look at his sky and you will see it::; shim-
mering, pulsating quality: it has the softness of a blue which means Htst
depths of distance, or of a gray which means layer npon layer of imponder-
able mist, and the whitene
s of cloud
which shine a
bright as pearls but
would dissipate at a touch. And everywhere, over all, behind all. in al1, you
will see the enveloping air and the light which infiltrates this thing and trans-
figur<.'s that; the air and the light which make all things what they are, which
create the landscape by creating its color. it::; expression. its effect: the air
and the light which are the mov<.'ment. the ::;pirit, the very essence of nature.
0 man had ever perfectly painted the atmosphere tlll Oorot did it, or the dif-
fused, pervading quality of light; an(1 for this reason no one had painted
ueh
delicate, infinite dista:Qces,
uch deep, luminous, palpitating skies.
See now how Corot managed to paint likc' thi:.;-to interpret the lif<.', mood,
and meaning of the scene he drew. It wa
just thruugh that IH'occð::; of omis-
sion and suppn'
siun which the :mperficial misread as proof that he did not
really" render " nature at all. Even the smallest, simplest, nntural fact can-
not he "rendered" in the scnse of heiug literally rcproduced : aud to attempt
the literal imitation of large feature
is merely to sacrifice the whole in favor
of what must remain hut a partial rendering of a part. A leaf can be painted,
but not a myriad leaves at once; we are
oon forced to generalize, condense,
suppre:-::-; ; and to try to paint too UlallY leaves is to lo::;e the tree, for the tree
is not a congregation of countless individual l<.':l\-e
distinctly se<.'n-it is a
ma
s of leaves which are shot through and through with light and air, :l1ld
al ways more or less merg<.'d together and moving, It is all entity, and a Ii '"e
one; and which i
thc more important-that we should :o:ee the living thing
or the itcms that compose it? "
hat we ask the painter is not just huw his
tree was con:o:tructcù, !Jut just how it looked as a feature in the ueauty and
aliveness of the scene, 'Vhat we want i::; its general efft'ct and the way it har-
monizeù with the effect of its surromHling::;.
63
MARIANA GRISJrOLD VAN RENSSELAER.
[1861-88
Does it matter, then, if he omits many things, or even if he alters some
things, to get this right result? Such altering is not falsifying. It is merely
emphasis-a stress laid here and a blank left there that (since all facts can-
not possibly be given) the accented fact shall at least be plain. The general-
ized structure of Corot's trees, their blurred contours and flying, feathery
spray-these arc not untruths. They arc merely compromises with the stern
necessities of paint, devices he cmployed, not because he was unaùle to draw
trees with precision. but because, had he done this, his foliage would have
been too solid and inert for truth. A twig is never long in one position. It
cannot be painted in two positions at once. But a twig that is blurred to the
eye because it is passing from one position to another-this can be painted,
and this Corot preferred to paint ratber than ramifications \Vitil exactness or
leaf-outlines with a narrow care. So his trees are alive, and, as he luved to
say, the light can reach their inmost l<.'a"es, and the little birds can fly among
their ùranches.
It is the
ame thing with color. The color sch<.'mes to which Co rot k<.'p
were never as strong and vi\""id as those we find with some of his contempo-
rari<.'s and many of his successors. Brm,"ns and grays and pl1le greens prcùom-
inate on his canvas with rarely an acuter accent, a Ion del' note. But he fitted
his themes to his bru:-;h, so that we feel no lack; or, in better words, he chose
his color schemes in accorJancf' with the character of the natural effects that
he loved most. And within the scale he cbose his coloring is }1erfect. His
tone (the harmony, or, as used to be said, the" keeping" of his result) is ad-
lllimble beyond praise. Yet it is gained atano sacrifice of truth in local color.
There are cheap processes fur securing tone, which are indeed falsifìcations of
uature,-ways of carrying over into one object tbe color of another, throw-
ing things out of their right relationships, harmonizing with some universal
gauze of brown or gray. But Corofs was not a proce.s.s like any of these.
His powcr to harmonize and unify hi.s colors sprang from the fact that he
studied colors with a more careful and penetrating eye than ever before had
been brought to bear, and never forgot their mutual relationships. Louk at
one of his pictures where the ge
cral cffect. perhaps, Î!:; of soft delicious green:-:.
Everything in it is not greenish. The sky is pure hlue and the clouds are pur-
est white. The water is rightly rclated to thc sky, and where things were gray
in nature, or brown, or even black, they arc so on e
l1lYas. Harmony does not
mean monotony, tone docs not lUcan untruth; and this Corot could accom-
plish because he studied" value:-;" as no painter before him bad studied them.
rrhis word-new in our language but indispensable-has been a little hard
of comprehcnsion to those who know nothing of thc painter's problems and
devices. But it means, as simply as I can say it, the difference between given
colors as se,.erally compared with the bighest note in tbe scale-white, and
the lowest-black; the diffcrence betwcen them as containing, so to speak.
more light or more dark. This does not mean the same thing as the relntiye
degrees of illumination and sbaùow wh ich may fall n pon them. The onc q nal-
ity lllay be involved in or dependent upon the other, but the two arc distinct
to the l)ainter's eye.
It is not easy evcn to 11crcei ve differences in \""alue. Gi \""en two shades of the
1861-88J
JIA lJRICE FRANCIS EGA.N.
63
same tint, as of a blue-green or a yellow-green, it is easy enough to say which
is the darker; but it is more difficult when a yellow-green is compared with a
blue-green, and sti1ll1lore when we set a brown be
ide a green, or a hlue be-
side a yellow. Yet the painter must not only learn to see values in nature but
to transpose them correctly on canvas-for color can never he exactly copied
on canvas: from the naturc of paint, there must always be transposition, adap-
tation, compromise. Corot mastered the difficulty as no one else had dOlle;
and this mastery has made him the guide and teacher of all the land:scape
painters who have since been burn.
jt1aurícc frattcí
Cgatt.
BURN in Philadelphia, Penn., 1852.
T IIE( >CRITes.
[Pl'eludNJ.-Songs find Sonnets. 188-5. J
D .\PR
IS is mute, amI hi(lden nymphs complain.
And mourning mingles with their fountains' song;
Shepherds contend no more, as all (lay long
They watch their sheep on the wide, cyprus-plain;
The master-voicc is silent, songs are vain:
Blithe Pan is dead, and tales of ancient wrong,
Done by the gods whcn gOlls and mf::ll "ere strong,
Chanted to ree(lcd pipes, no prize can gain:
o sweetest singer of the olden days,
In ùusty hooks your idyls rare seem dead;
The gods are gone, but poets never die;
Though men may turn their ears to newcr lays,
Sicilian nightingales enrapturè<l
Caught all your songs, and nightly thrill the sky.
:\IArnrCE DE UG
RrX.
T HE old wine filled him, and he i'=aw, with eyes
Anoint of Kature, fauns and dryads fair
Lnseen hy others; to him maid('uhair
AmI Wfi:\.ell lilacs and those birds that rise
A-sudtlen frnm tall reeds at slight surprise
Brought charmèd thoughts: awl in earth everywhere
lIe, like saIl J aque
, found unheard music rare
As that of Syriu:\. to oill Grecians wise.
A pagan heart. a Christian soul had he,
IIe followed Christ, yet for dcad P,m hc sighed,
64
.JlA URICE FRANCIS EGAY.
[1861-88
Till earth and heaven met within his breast:
As if Theocritus in Sicily
Had COme upon the Figure crucified
And lost his gods in decp, Christ-givcn rest.
BETWEE
TIlE LIGHTS.
I
the cool, soft, fragrant summer
grass,
')Iid trembling stalks of white-tipped
clover,
I lie and dream, as the shadows pass
From twilight's gates the cloud-bridge
over.
On the other side, dim other side,
Lie starlight, gloom, and the night's
chill wind,
Calm eve comes forth, like a timid bride,
And with shaded eyes looks on man-
kind;-
She looks at me, as I lounge and dream;
She builds in the sky for my delight
High-towered castles that glow and
gleam
Redder than snow-crests in North fires
bright.
She shows me Ceres, mid corn-flowers
blue,
And Pluto's bride on her throne below,
And Helen fair, to her lord untrue,
Anguished and wailing in deathless
woe;
Gold arabesques on a jasper ground,
Gray cameo-faces, cold and grand,
Puck and Peas-blossom hovering round,
OlJcron and his glittering band.
She changes her aspect, opal eve-
Shows me a plain near the walls of
Troy,
Where shepherds sheep in low shrubs
leave
In haste, to gaze on a hright-haired hoy:
The boy is Paris, he comcth out,
Out of the city, strong-limbed and fair.
Live I in future or past? I doubt
Am I Greek shepherd or gay trouvère-
Who lieth, dreaming perhaps of her,
illnone weeping for him, forlorn?
'Vho strives with the plaintive lute to stir
Some love in a Norman heart of scorn î
Out of a balcon of hues that glow,
There leans a lady against the sky;
Her robe is bordered with pearls, I know,
Pearls on her neck with her pearl-skin
vie.
There stands a lover in gay slashed hose,
'Vith a bright plumed hat and purple
cloak;
He calls her" lily" and "damask rose";
Even in cloudland they wear love's
yoke.
Bold knights ride forward on prancing
steeds,
King Arthur's court, with Sir Launce-
lot-
Presto! 'Tis Syrinx among the reeds:
Apollo seeks her, but finds her not.
I am so idle in summer grass,
I cannot think for scent of clover;
No moral I find in clouds that pass,
I only know that sunset's over.
1861-88]
EDTrARD PAGE MITCHELL.
65
G:t1wartl 1Ðage :ffltt(1)CIl.
Bom. in Bath, )Ie., 18:>:3.
THE ABLEST :\IAX I
THE WORLD.
[From the Story by that Title.-The .LYell' rork Hun, 1879,]
F ISHER now had an opportunity to observe the personal characteristics
of the Russian Baron. He was a young man of about thirty-five, with
exceedingly handsome and clear-cut features, Lut a peculiar he,td. The pe-
culiarity of his head was that it seemed to be perfectly round on top-that iS 7
its diameter from ear to ear appeared quite equal to its anterior and posterior
diameter. The curious effect of this unusual conformation was rendered
more striking by the absence of aU hair. There was nothing on the Baron's
head but a tightly fitting skull cap of Llack silk.
\. very deceptive wig hung
u pOll one of the bed posts.
Being sufficiently recovered to recognize the presence of a stranger, ISavitch
made a courteous bow.
"How do you find yonrseU now? " inquired Fisher, in bad French.
"Yery much better, thanks to
lonsieur," replied the Baron, in excellent
English, spoken in a charming voice. "Y ery much hetter, tbough I feel a
certain dizziness here." And he pres8ed his hand to his forehead.
The valet withdrew at a sign from his master, and was followed by the por-
ter. Fisher advanced to the bedside and took the Baron's wrist. Even his
unpractised touch told him that the pulse was alarmingly high. He was much
pnzzled, and not a EttIe uneasy at the tnrn which the a.ffair had taken. ,. Haye
I got myself and the Rus::,ian into an infernal scrape?" he thought. ., But
no-he's well out of his teen
, and half a tumbler of such whiskev as that
ought not to go to a baLy's head. " "
Nevertheless, the new symptoms developed themselves with a rapidity and
poignancy that made Fisher feel uncommonly anxious. Savitch's face be-
came as white as marhle-it::; paleness rendered startling by the sharp contrast
of the black skull cap, [lis form reeled as he sat OIl the bed, and be cla:õ:ped
his head convulsively with both hands, as if in terror lest it burst.
"I 11ad better call your valet." said Fisher, nervously.
"Ko, no !" gasped the Baron. ,. Yon are a medical man, and I
han have
to trust you. There is somethillg-wrong-here." 'Vith a spasmodic gesture
he vaguely indicated the top of Lis head.
" But I am not- " stammered Fisher.
" No words!" e-xclaimed the Ru
sian, imperiously. "Act at once-there
must be no delay. Unscrew the top of my head!"
Savitch tore off his skull cap and flung it aside. Fisher had no words to
describe the bewilderment with which he beheld the actual fabric of the
Baron's cranium, The skull cap had concealed the fact that the entire top of
Savitch's head was a dome of polished silver.
" Unscrew it !" said Savitch again.
VOL, XI,-5
66
EDWARD PAGE MITCHELL.
[1861-88
Fisher reluctantly placed both hands upon the silver skul] and exerted a
gentle pressure toward the left. The top yielded, turning easily and truly in
its threads.
" Faster!" said the Baron. faintly. "I tell vou no time must be lost. "
Then he swooned. '.
At this instant there was a sound of voices in the outer room, and the door
leading into the Baron's bed-chamber was violently flung open and as vio-
lently closed. The new-comer was a short, spare man of middle age, with a
keen visage aud piercing, deep-set little gray eyes, He stood for a few seconds
scrutinizing Fishel' with a f:harp. almost fiprcely jealous regard.
The Baron recovered his consciousness and opened bis eyes,
"Dr. Rapperschwyll !" he exclaimed.
Dr. Rapperschwyll. with a few rapid strides, approached the bed and con-
fronted Fisher and Fisher's patient. "\rhat ið all this?" he angrlly de-
manded.
"
ithout waiting for a reply he laid his hand rudely upon Fi
her's arm and
pulled him away from the Baron. Fisher, more and more a:o:tonished, made
no resistance, but suffered himself to be led, or pn:-:bed, toward the door.
Dr, Rapperschwyll opened the door wide enough to give the American exit,
nd then closed it with a vicious slam. A quick click informed Fishel' that
the key had been turned in the lock. '
The next morning Fisher met Sa-ritch coming from the Trinkhalle. The
Baron bowed with cold politeness and p11ssed on. Later in the day a l'alet de
place handed to Fisher a small parcel, with the message: "Dr. Rappersch wyll
supposes that tllis willlJe sufficient." The parcel contained two gold pieces
of twenty marks.
Fishel: gritted his teeth. "He shall have back his forty marks, '. he mut-
tered to himself, "but I", i11 have his confounded secret in rpturn. "
rrhe Polish f'ountess abundantly redeemed her promise. thro\\ ing in for
good mea::;ure many choice bits of gossip and scandalous anecdote
about the
Russian nobility, which are not relevant to the present narrative. Her story,
as summarized bv Fisher, W:1:; this:
The Baron Sa;itch was not of an old creation. There was a mystery about
his origin that had never been satisfactorily solved in St. Petersburg or in
.Moscow. It was said bv some that he was a foundling from the V ospitntelnoi
Dom. Others believec1 him to he the unacknowledged !:ion of a certain i11us-
trious personage nearly related to the House of Ron
alloff. The latter theory
was the more probable, since it accounted in a mea:mre for the unexampled
success of his career from the day that he was graduated at the University of
Dorpat.
Rapid and brilliant beyond precedent this career had heen, He fIltered
the diplomatic service of the Czar, and for :5eyeral years wa:; attached to the
Iecrations at Vienna, London, and Paris. Created a Baron hefore his twent"Ç-
fifth birthday for the wonderful abllit
. displayed in the conduct of negoti
-
tions of suprcme importallcc anù delicacy with the House of Hapshurg, he
1861-88]
ED 1V ARD P AG E MITCH ELL.
67
became a pet of Gortchakoff's and was given every opportunity for the exer-
dse of his genius in diplomacy. It was even said in well-informed circles at
St. Petersburg that the guiding mind which directed Russia's course through-
out the entire Eastern complication, which planned the campaign on the
Danube, effected the combinations that gave victory to the Czar's soldiers,
and which meanwhile held AU1'b'ia aloof, neutralized the immense power of
Germany, and exaðperated England only to the point where wruth expends
itself in harmless threat
, was the brain of the young Baron Savitch, It was
-certain that he had been with fgnatieff at Constantinople when the trouble
was first fomented, "ith ShollvalofÏ in England at the time of the secret. con-
ference agreement. with the Graud Duke Nicholas at Adrianople when the
protocol of an armistice was signed, and would soon be in Berlin hehind the
scenes of the Congres
, where it was expected that he woulù uutwit the state
-
men of all Eurupe, amI play with Bismurck and Disraeli as a strong man
plays with two kicking Labies.
But the comÜe1'S had concerned herself very little with this handsome
Joung man's achievements in politics. She had been more particularly inter-
ested in his social career. His success in that fidd had been not less remark-
able. Although no one knew with positive certainty hi
father's name, he had
conqucred an ahsolute sUl)l'('macy in the most exclusive circles surrounding
the imperial court. Hi:; influence with the Czar himself was snppo:,efl to be
unbounded. Birth apart, he was con;-;idered the best pal'fi in Rnssia. From
pOH'rty and by the sheer force of intellect he had won for himself a colm:sal
furtune, Report gave him forty million rouhles, and doubtless report ùid not
exceed the fact. E,'cry speculative enterprise which he undertook. amI they
we"c many aud various, was carried to sure sncces::; by the ::;allle q nalities of
ool. unerring judgment, far-reaching" sagacity, and apparently superhuman
vower of organizing, combining. and controlling, which had made him in
])olitics the phenomenon of the nge.
About Dr, Rappcrschwyll ? Yes, the cOllntess knew him by reputation and
by sight. He was the medical man in constant attendance upon the Baron
Savitch, whose high-strung mental organization rendered him susceptible to
sudden and alarming attacks of illnes::,. D,'. Rapperschwyll was a Swiss-
had Ol'iginally been a watchmaker or arti:;an of some kind, she had heard.
1""01' the rest. he was a commonplace little old man, devoted to his profes::-:ioll
and to the Baro}), and evidently devoid of ambition: since he wholly neg-
lected to turll the opportunities of his position and connections to the ad-
vancement of his per;;:;onul fortunes.
Portified with this informatioll, Fiðhcr felt bertpr prepared to grapple with
Rapperschwyll for the po:,ses:-,ioll of the secret. For fiTe days he lay in wait
for the Swiss physician. On the sixth day the desirerl opportunity unexpect-
edly presented itself.
Half way up the )Iercuriusùerg. late in the aftprnoon, he encountored thp
cu::-:todian of the ruined tower, coming down, . , No, the tower was not closed.
A gentleman was up there. making ousernüions of the country, and he, the
custodian, would be buck in an hour or two." So Fisher kept un hi::-: way.
Thc upper part of this tower is in a tlilapidated condition, 'rhc lack of a
68
EDWARD PAGE JIIl'CHELL.
[1861-88
stairway to the summit is supplied by a temporary wooden ladder. Fisher's
head and shoulders were hardly through the trap that opens to the platform,
before he discovered that the man ab-ead)? there was the man whom he sought.
Dr. Rapperschwyll was studying the topography of the Black Forest through
a pair of field-glm:ses.
FisLer announced his arrival by an opportune stumble and a noisy effort
to recQ\Ter himself, at the same instant aiming a stealthy kick at the topmost
round of the ladder, and scrambling ostentatiously over the edge of the trap.
The ladder went down thirty or forty feet with a racket, clattering and bang-
ing against the waIls of the tower.
Dr, RapperschwyIl at once appreciated the situation. He turned sharply
around, and remarked with a sneer, "1Ionsieur i
unaccountably awkward. "
Then he scowled and showed his teeth, for he recognized Fisher.
., It Ù rather unfortunate, " said the New Yorker, with imperturbable cool-
ness. ,. 'Ye shall be imprisoned here a couple of hours at the shortest. Let
us congratulate ourselves that we each have intelligent cJmpany, besides a
charming landscape to con tem plate."
The Swiss coldly bowed, anù resumed his topographical studies. Fisher
ligh tec1 a cigar.
" I also desire," continued Fisher, puffing clouds of smoke in the direction
of the rrenfelmühle, "to avail myself of this opportunity to return forty
marks of yours, which reached me, I presume, by a mistake."
,. If l\Ionsieur the American physician was not satisfied with his fee," re-
joined Rapperschwyl1, venomously, ,. TlC can without doubt have the affair
adjusted by applying to the Baron's "Valet."
Fisher paid 1)0 attention to this thrust, but calmly laid the gold pieces
upon the parapet, dircctly under the nose of the Swiss.
" I could not think of accepting any fee," he said. with deliberate empha-
sis. " I was abundantly rewarded for my trifling ser\ ices by the novelty and
il1terest of the case."
The Swiss scanned the American's countenance long and steadily with his
sharp little gray eyes. At length he saiJ, carelessly:
" }Ionsieur is a man of science?"
"Yes," replied Fisher, with a mental resen-ation in favor of all scienecs
save that which illuminates anù dignifies our national game.
"Then, " continued Dr. Rapperschwyll, ,. .Uonsieur will perhap
acknowl-
edge that a more bcautiful or more extensive case of trephining has rarely
come under his obseryation."
Fisher slightly raised his eyebrows.
,. And )Ionsieur will also understand, being a physician," continued Dr.
Rapperschwyl1, "the sensitiveness of the Baron himself, and of his friends
upon the subject. He will therefore pardon my seeming rudeness at thc time
of his discovery." .
"He is smarter than I supposed," thought Fisher. "He holds all the
cards, while I have nothing-nothing, except a tolerably strong nerve when
it comes to a game of bluff."
"I deeply regret that sensitivenesR," he continued, aloud, "for it had oc-
1861-88]
EDWARD PAGE MITCHELL.
69
curred to me that an accurate account of what I saw, published in one of the
scientific journals of England or America, would excite wide attention, and
no doubt be received with interest on the Continent."
"'Vhat yon saw?" cried the Swiss, sharply. "It is false. You saw noth-
ing; when I entered you had not even remO\-ed the"-
Here he stopped short and muttered to himself, as if cursing his own im-
petuosity. Fisher celebrated his advantage by tossing away his half-burned
cigar and lighting a fresh one.
"Since you compel me to be frank, " Dr. Rapperschwyll went on, with visi-
bly increasing nervousness, "I will inform you that the Baron has as:5ured
me that you saw nothing. I interrupted you in the act of removing the silver
-cap. .,
" I ",ill be equally frank." replied Fisher, stiffening his face for a final
-effort. "On that point, the Baron is not a competent witnes::5. He was in a
state of unconsciousnes
for some time before you entered. Perhaps I was
removing the silver cap when you interrupted me"-
Dr. Rapperschwyll turned pale.
" And, perhaps," said Fisher, coolly, "I was replacing it."
The suggestion of this possibility seemed to strike Rapperschwylllike a
sudden thunderboh from the clouds. His knees parted, and he almost sank
to the floor. He put his hands before his eyes, and wept like :'i child, or,
rather, like a broken old man.
" lie will publish it! He will publish it to the court and to the wo.rld !"
he cried, hysterically. "And at this crisis "-
Then, by a desperate effort, the Swiss appeared to recover to some extent
his self-control. He paced the diameter of the platform for several minutes,
"ith his head bent and his arms folded across the breast. Turning again to
his companion, he said:
" If any sum you may name will "-
Fisher cut the proposition short with a laugh.
., Then," said Rapperschwyll, ,. if-if I throw myself on your gener-
.osity"-
.. \Yell ?" demanded Fisher.
,. And aðk a promise, on your honor, of absolute silence concerning what
you hare seen? "
,. Silence until such time as the Baron Savitch shall have ceased to exist ?"
,. That will suffice, " said Rapperschwyll, "For when he ceases to exist I
die. And your conditions?"
"The whole story, here and now, and without reservation."
"It is a terrible price to ask me," said RaPl'erschwyll, ., but larger inter-
ests than my pride are at stake. You shall hear the story.
"I was bred a watchmaker," he continued, after a long pauðe, ., in the
Canton of Zurich. It is not a matter of vanity when I say that I achieved a
marvellous degree of skill in the craft. I developed a faculty of invention
that led me into a series of experiments regarùing the capabilities of purely
mechanical combinations. I studied and improved upon the Lest automata
ver constructed by human ingenuity. Babbage's calculating machine espe-
70
ED 1V ARD P AGE .ltIITCHELL.
[1861-8S
cíally interested me. I saw in Baubage's idea the germ of something infi-
nitely more important to the world.
" Then I threw up my business and went to Paris to study physiology. I
spent three years at the SOl'boune and perfected myself in that branch of
knowledge. )Ieanwhile. my pursuits had extended far beyond the purely
physical sciences. Psychology engaged me for a time; and then I ascended
into the domain of sociology, which, when adequately understood, is the
summary and final application of all knowledge.
"It was after years of preparation, and as the outcome of all my studies",
that the great idea of my life, which had vaguely haunted me ever since the
Zurich days, assumed at last a well-defined and perfect form."
The manner of Dr. Rapperschwyll had changed from distrustful reluc-
tance to frank enthusiasm. The man himself seemed transformed. Fi
her
listened attentively and without interrupting the relation. He could not hclp
fancying that the necessity of yielding the secret, so loug and so jealously
guarded by the physician, was not entirely distasteful to the enthusiast.
"K ow attend, Monsieur," continued Dr, Rappersch wyll, "to several sep-
arate propositions which may seem at first to have no direct bearing on each
other.
" .M v endea"\ors in mechanism had resulted in a machinc which went far
beyond Babbage's in its powers of calculation. Given the data, tl1Pre was no
limit to the possibilities in this direction. Bahbage's cogwheels and pinions
calculated logarithms, calculated an eclipse. It was fed with figures, and pro-
duced results in figures.
ow, the relations of cause and effect are as thecl
and unalterable as the laws of arithmetic. Logic is, or should be, as exact a
science as mathematics. My new machine was fed with facts, and produced
conclusions. In short. it 'reasoned; and the results of its reasoning were
always true, while the results of human reasoning are often, if not always",
false. The source of error in human logic is what the philosophers call the
'personal equation,' l\Iy machine eliminated the personal equation; it pro-
ceeded from cause to effect, from premi8e to conclusion, with steady precis-
ion, The human intellect is fallible; my machine was, and is, infallihle in
its processes.
" Again, physiology and anatomy had taught me the fallacy of the medical
superstition which holds the gray matter of the brain and the vital principle
to be inseparable. I had seen men living with pistol balls imbedded in the mc-
dulla oblongata. I had seen the hemispheres and the cerebellum removeù
from the crania of birds and small animals, and yet they did not die. I be-
Heved that, though the bmin were to be removeù from a human skull, the
subject would not die, ulthough he would certainly be divested of the intelli-
gence which governed all save the purely involuntary actions of his uody.
"Once more: a profound study of history from the sociological point of
view, and a not inconsiderable practical experience of human nature, had con-
vinced me that the greate
t geniu
cs that ever existed were on a plane not so
very far remO\"ed ab()\.e the level of average intellect. The grande8t peaks in
my native country, those which all the world knows Ly name, tower onlya-
few hundred feet. aLove the countless unnamed peaks that surround them..
1861-88]
EDWARD PAGE JIITCHELL.
71
X apoleon Bonaparte towered only a little over the ablest men around bim.
Yet tbat little was everything, and he overran Europe. A man who snrpassed
Napoleon, as Xapoleon surpassed )Iurat, in the mental qualities which
transmute thought into fact, would have maùe himself master of the whole
worlel,
..
ow, to fuse these three propositions into one: suppose that I take a
mun, and. by remoYÏng the brain that enshrines an the errors and failures of
his ancestors a way back to the origin of the race, remove all sources of weak-
ne
s in his future career. Suppose, that in place of the falliblc intellect which
I ha\e removed, I endow him with an artiticial intellect that operates with
the certainty of universal laws. Suppose that I launch this superior being,
who reasons truly, into the hurly-burly of his inferiors, who rea
on falsely,
and await the inevitable result with the tranquillity of a philosopher.
" )'Ionsieur, JOu haye my secret. That is precisely wLmt I have done, In
)Ioscow, where my friend Dr. Ducbat had charge of the new institution of
St. y a
ili for hopele
::; idiots, I found a boy of eleyen whom they called Stépall
BorO\-iteh. ;,ince he was born, he had not seen, heard, spoken or thought.
X ature had granted him, it was belie,'ed, a fraction of the sense of smel1, and
perhaps a fraction of the sense of taste, but of even this there wa::; no positive
ascertainment. Nature had walled in his soul most effectually. Occasional
inëlrtieulate murllluring
, and an incessant knitting and kneading of the fin-
gerl'5 were his only manife
tations of energy. On bright days they would place
him in a little rocking-chair, in some spot where the :o:un fell warm, and he
would rock to and fro for hours, working his slender fingers and mumbling
forth his satisfaction at the warmth in the plaintive and unvarying refrain of
ic1iocr. The boy was thus situated when I first saw bim,
" i begge<l St'épan Borm'itch of my good frielHl Dr. Duchat. If that excel-
lent ll1all had not long since died he should haye shared in ll1) triumph. I
took
tépan to my home and plied the saw and the knife. I could operate 011
that poor, worthles
, u
eles
, hopeless travesty of humanity as fearJe::;sly and
a
recklessly as upon a dog hought or caught for "Viyisf'ction. That was a lit-
tle more than twenty years ago. To-day Stépan Boroyiteh wields more power
than any other man on the face of the earth. In ten years he will be the au-
tocrat of Europe, the master of the world. lie never
errs; for the machine
that reasons beneath his silver skull ne'
er makes a mistake."
)1'isher pointed downward at the old custodian of the tower, who was seen
toiling up the hill.
,. Dreamers," continued Dr. Rapperschwyll, "have speculated on the pos-
sibilityof finding among the ruins of the oldcr civilizations some brief in-
scription which shall change the foundations of human knowledge. 'Yiser
men ùpride the dream, and laugh at the idea of scientific kabbala. The wiRer
men are fools. Suppose that Aristotle had di
covered on a cuneiform-covered
tahlet at Xineyeh the few word15, 'Surviyal of the Fittest.' Philo
ophy WOlllrl
have gained twenty-two hundred years. I will giye yon, in almost as few
words, a truth equally pregnant. The ultimate erolution of lite creature is
into tlte creator. Perhaps it will be twenty-two hundred years before the truth
find
. "al acceptance, yet it is not thc Ie:::::; t
truth. The Baron
avitch is
t
.5!, '\
C:;{
Ot
72
JOHN BACH M'.J.1fASTER.
[1861-88
my creature, and I am his creator-creator of the ablest man in Europe, the
ablest man in the world,
"Here is our ladder,
Icnsieur. I have fulfilled my part of the agreement.
Remember yours,"
10lJ11 16aclJ ;tnCjtla
tet.
BORN in Brooklyn, X y" 1852.
IN THE A:\IERIOA OF 1'184,
[A History of the People of the United States.- rol. I. 1883,]
N OT less important than the school-master, in the opinion of his towns-
men, was the doctor, With the exception of the minister anù the judge,
he was the most important personage in the district. His profe
òional edu-
cation would now be thought insufficient to admit him to practice; for there
were then but two medical schools in the country, nor werc they, by reason
of the expense and dangers of travelling, by any means well attended. In
general, the medical education of a doctor was such as he could pick up while
serving an apprenticeship to some noted practitioncr in Boston or X ey" York,
during which he combined the duties of a student with many of the menial
officcs of a Eervant. He ground the powders, mixed the pills, ro<1e with the
doctor on his rounds, held the basin whE!n the patient was b]ed, helped to aù-
just plasters, to sew wounds, and ran with vials of medicine from one end of
the town to the other. In the momcnts snatched from duties such as these
he swept out the offiee, cleaned the bottles and jar
, wired skeletons, tended
the night-hell, and, when a feast was given, stood in the haH to announce the
guests.
It wnB a white day with such a
"Olmg man when he enjoyed the rare good
fortune of dissecting a half-putrid arm, orexamininga human heart and lungs.
So great, indeed, was the difficulty of procuring anatomical subjects, that
e'"en at the medical school which had just been started at Harvard College,
a single body was made to do duty for a whole :year's course of lectures. It
was only by filching from graveyards or begging the dead bodies of criminals
from the Governor that subjects could be obtained.
Under such circumstances, the doctor's knowledge was derived from per-
sonal experience rather than from books, and the amount so obtained bore a
direct relation to the sharpness of his powers of observation and the strength
of his memory. If he were gifted with a keen obseryation, a logical mind,
and a retentive memory, such a system of education was of the utmost yalue.
For in medicine, as in mechanics, as in engineering, as in eyery science, in
short, where experience and practical skill are of the highest importance, a
practical education is most essential. The surgeon who has studied anatomy
from a book without ever having dissected a human body, the physician who
learns the Hallles and symptoms of di:5eases from a work on pathology, and
1861-88]
JOHN BACH JrMASTER.
73
the remedies from the materia medica, without ever having seen the maladies
in active operation and the remedies actually applied, is in a fair way to kill
far more patients than he will ever cnre. But the value of knowledge obtain-
able from books alone is on that account not the less useful, and by no means
to be despised. The student who has read much in his profession is in pos-
session of the results of many centuries of experience derived from the labors
of many thousands of men, He is saved from innumerable blunders. He is
enabled to begin his career with a knowledge of things which, if left to his
own experience to find out, would cost him years of patient waiting and care-
ful obsenation. The advantages of such a system of study were, however,
but sparingly enjoyed by the medical students of the last century, when but
few physicians boasted a medical library of fifty volumes.
His apprenticeship ended, the half-educated lad returned to his native
town to as;:;ume the practice and to follow in the footsteps of his father. There
as years went by he grew in popularity and wealth. His genial face, his en-
gaging manners, his hearty laugh, the twinkle with which he inquired of the
blacksmith when the next boy was expected, the sincerity with which he asked
after the health of the carpenter's daughter, the interest he took in the fam-
ily of the poorest laborer, the good-nature with which he stopped to chat with
the furm-hands about the prospect of the corn crop and the turnip crop, made
bim the favorite of the county for miles around. 'Yhen he rode out he knew
the names and personal history of the occupants of every house he passed.
The farmers' lad;:, pulled off their hats, al](l the girls dropped courtesies to
him. Sunshine and rain, daylight and darkness, were alike to him. He would
ride tell miles on the darkest night. over the worst of roads, in a pelting
storm, to administer a dose of calomel to an old womau, 01' to attend a child
in a fit. He was present at every birth; he attended e\"ery burial; he sat with
the minister at every death-bed, and put his name with the lawyer to every
will.
But a few of the simplest drugs were then to be found stowed away on the
shehes of the village store, among heapB of shoes, Rohan hats, balls of twine,
pach.ages of seed, and flitches of bacoll. The physician was, therefore, com-
pelled to eomhine thc duties both of the doctor and tbe apothecary, He
pounded his own drugs, made his own tinctures, prcpared his OWll infusions,
and put up his own prescriptions. His saddle-hng wa.s the only drug-i'tore
within forty miles, a.nd there, be:::;ide hi
horn balances and his china mortar,
were medicines now gone quite out of fa:;hion, or at most but rarely ui'ed.
Homæopathy, with its tasteless mixtures and dimiuutiye doses, was ullhnown,
and it is Dot too much to ðay that morc medicine was then taken eyery year
by the well than is now takcn in the same
pace of time by the sick. Each
spring the lJlood must be purified, the bowel
must be purged, the hidneys
must be excited, the bile must be moveù, and large dOi'es of senna and manna,
and loathsome concoctions of rhubarb and mola:,
es, were taken daih., In a
thousand ways the practice of medicine hað changed since that ù.ay, aud
changed for the better, Rcmedies now in the medicine-box of every farmer
were then utterly unknown. 'Yater was denied the patient tormented with
feyer, and in its stead hc was given small quantities of clam-juice. )Iercnrial
74
JOlLY BACH
W' .JIA:il'ER.
[1861-8g
compouuds were taken till the lips turned blue and the gums feU away from
the teeth. The damsel who fainted was bled profusely. Cupping and leech-
ing were freely prescribed. The alkaloid quinia was unknown till 18tO. The
only cure for malarial diseases was powdered cinchona bark; but the amount
required to restore the patient was so great, and the supply so small, that
the remedy was aU but useless. Yaccination was not maùe known by Jen-
ner till 1798, Inoculation was still held by many to be attended by divine
punishment, Small-pox was almost as prevalent as pneumonia now is, The
discovery of anæsthesia by the inhalation of ether or chloroform was not given
to the world by)lorton ti1l184G.
ot one of the many remedie::5 which as-
suage pain. which df'stroy disease, wbich hold in check the most loath::;ome
maladies and the most violent epidemics, was in use. Every few years during
the dog-days the yellow fever raged with more violence in the Northern cities
than it has ever done in thi
generation in the cities of the far South. "
hole
streets were depopulated, Every night the dead-cart shot it;:, scores of corpses
into the pits of the Potters' Field. Better surgery is IlOW generously given
to every laborer injured by the fall of a scaffold than could then ha,,-e been
purchased at any price,
High as the doctors stood in the good graces of their fellow-men, the minis-
ters formed a yet more respected class of New England society. In no other
section of the conntry had religion so firm a hold on the affection:::; of the
people, Nowhere else were men so truly devout, and the minister held in
uch high esteem. It had, indeed. from the days of the founders of the col-
ony been the fa::5hion among
ew Englanders to look to the pastor with a pro-
found reverence. not unmingled with awe. He was not to them as other men
were, He was the just Ulan made perfect; the oracle of divine will: the sure
guide to truth. The heedless one who absented himself from the preaching
on a Sabbath was hunted up by the tithing-man, was admonished severely,
and, if he still persi.sted in his evil WtlY
, wns fineù, exposed in the stocks, or
imprisoned in the cage. To sit patiently on the rough board scats while the
preacher turned the hour-glass for the third time, and, with his voice husky
from shouting, and the sweat pouring in streams down his face, went on for
an hour more, wns a deleetahle privilege. In such a conHnunit
. the author-
ity of the reverend man was almost supreme, To speak disrespectfully con-
cerning him, to jeer at his sermons, or to laugh at his odd ways, was sure to
bring down on the offender a heavy tine, His advice was often sought on mat-
ters of state, nor diù he hesitate to give, unasked, his opinion on what he con-
sidered the arbitrary acts of the high functionaries of the IH'ovince. In the
years immediately preceding the war the power of the minister in matters of
government and politics had been greatly impaired by the rise of that class
of lanl1en in tbe foremost rank of which
tood Otis and Hancock and Samuel
Acla
ns. Yet his spiritual influence was as great as ever. lIe was still a mem-
ber of the most learned and respected clas
in a community hy no means ig-
norant. He was a divine, and came of a family of di,'ine
. :Not a few of the
preachers who witnessed the Rl'volution could trace descent through an un-
broken line of ministers, stretching back from son to father for three gener-
ations, to some canting, psalm-singing Puritan who bore arms with distinc-
"
. .-.....
,.
""
\
"
\\'\'.'
.
II (.
I' ,
j'\
I
II
II
1861-88J
JOR.N BA.CH ..JI'J.fASl'ER.
75
tion on the great day at N aseby, or had prayed at the head of Oliver's troops,
and had, at the restoration, when the olù soldiers of the Protector were turn-
ing their swords into reaping-hooks and their pikes into pruning-knives, conw
oyer to :x ew England to seek that liberty of wor8hip not to be found at hume.
Such a man had usually received a learned education at Haryard or at Yale,
and would, in these days, be thought a scholar of high attainments.
In the election sermon which he deli,-cred on the return of eyery electioll-
day, he taught a yery different lesson, exerted his eloquence to set forth the
equality of all men and the beauties of a pure democracy, and taxed his learn-
ing to defend his politics with pa8sages from scripture and quotations from
the writers of Greece.
Hatred of Kings and Princes had, indeed, always been a marked cbarac-
teristic of his sect, and in the pre-revolutionary days he was among the most
eager in the patriot cause. It cannot be denied that this show of patrioti
m
was, in most cases, the result of })ersonal intere
t rather than of a deeply
rooted conviction of the necessity of resisting the oppression of England. If
there was one sect of Christians which he detested above another, that sect
was the Episcopalian. He firmly believed that the stupid King, who eared as
little for the Church of England as for the Church of Scotland, was funv de-
termined to make Episcopacy the established religion of the colonies.
He
wa:-: sure that His Majesty had even matured a plan for the estahlishment of
the Church, anù that, before many months had gone by, laws as odious as the
Conventicle Act and the Five-)Iile Act would be in full operation; that hUII-
dreds of dissenting divines would be ejected from their churche
, stripped uf
their livings, aud sent to starve among the Indians on the frontier. 'Yhile.
therefore, the rectors of Virginia and the Carolina
were ranging themselves
on the Ton' side, the ministers of the eastern culonies were all active on the
side of the \Yhigs,
In truth, of tbe writ<,rs who, up to the peace, and for many years after, put
forth treatises, arguments, and expositions on metapllysical themes. scarcely
one can be named who was not a native of New England, anù a pastor of it
New England church. Each minister, therefore, felt in duty bound to dis-
cnss his text in a philosophical way, and, however crude hið attempt, the rea-
sons he advanced, the analogie
he drew, the hints and sugge
tions he threw
out, furnished each wc.ck many new topics for an evening's talk. ..\nd
uch
topics were neeued, for of news thc dearth was great.
\.lll1ost eyery means
of collecting and distributing it familiar to this generation was unknown to
our great-grandfathers. There were, indeed, newspapers. Forty-thrpe had
come safely through the long rcvolutionary struggle to puhlish the joyful tiù-
ingsof pcace. But, with a few cxceptionl-=, all werc printed in the large towns,
and 11('\\'"S which depended on them for circulation was ill much danger of
l1('\er going fifty miles from thc editor's door.
An interchange of paper
did go on among the printers; and some copies
of the "Spy" and the "Columbian Centincl" found their way to suhðl'l'ib-
ers at
ew Y urk. But the papers werc not received hy the post-office. and
it was only ùy rcwarding the post-riders that a place wa:-: made for a dozen
copies in the portmanteau::; cOlltainiug the lettt:r
. Even thcu, on reaching
76
JOHN BACH ..l.l'J'IASTER.
[1861-88
.N ew York, they were almost a week old, and had they been carried on to
Charlcston would have entered that city twenty days after the date of pubIi-
.cation. Had the time been less it would have mattered little, for the news to
be derived from them was usual1y of sruaJl value, and likely to convey only
the most general information. Even the Connecticut "Courant," the Boston
"Gazette," and the Pennsylvania .. Packet," which seem to have been the
best among them, were poor and mean-looking, and printed on paper such
as would now be thought tou bad for lumd-bills and bal1ads. Few came out
-oftener than thrice in a week, or numbered more than four slllall pages. The
.amount of reading-matter which the whole forty-three contained each week
would not be sufficient to fill ten pages of ten daily issues of the K ew York
.(. Herald." N otbing in the nature of an editorial page existed. 'Yhat is now
known as a leading article rarely appeared, and its place was supplied byap-
peals from the editor, sometimes serious, sometimes humorous, to hi", delin-
quent subscribers, begging them to pay their bi1ls, if not in money, in qnar-
tel'S of wheat, in pounds of cheese, or the flesh of hogs. The rest of the paper
was filleù up with advertisements for runaway slaves or stray horses, with
scraps taken from other papers, with letters written from distant places to
friends of the editor, a summary of the news brought by the last packet from
Lisbon or London, a proclamation by Congress, a note to the edi tor posting
some enemy as a coward in the most abusive and scurrilous language, a long
notice setting forth that a new assortment of calamancoes and durants, col-
ored tammies, shalloons, and rattincls were offered for sale at the shop of a
leading merchant, :md. now and then, 8 proposal for the reprinting of an old
book. \Vhen there was a 8carcit}T of intelligence, when no ships had come in
from the whale-fisheries, when no strictures were to be passed on the pro-
ceedings of Congress, when the mails hml been kept hack by the rains, when
the editor was tired of re,-iling the Society of the Cincinnati, when nothing
further was to be said against the refugees, when no election wa
to be held,
when no distinguished strangers had come to town, when no man of note had
been buried, and when, consequently, there was great difficulty in filling the
four pages, odes, ùallads, and bits of poetry made their appearance in the
poet's corner. Xow and then a paper of enterprise and spirit unùertook to
enlighten its readers and to fill its columns by the publication in instalments
of works of considerable length and high literary merit. Robertson's" His-
tory of .\.merica" was reprinted in the" \Yeekly Advertiser" of Boston, and
ran throug-h more than one hundred and fifty numbers. A" Historv of the
AmericanLRevolution" came out in the ,. Spy.
" " Cook's Voyages" w
repub-
lished in the Pennsylvania "Packet," while other papers of lesser note found
room among essays aud lampoons, epigrams, anecdotes, coarse "bon-mots,"
and town resolutions to discourage extravagance, for short treatises on geog-
raphy and moral
, But everything which now gives tu the daily paver its pe-
culiar value, and passes under the general name of news, was wanting.
1801-88]
JOHN BACH JI' JL4.tiTER.
77
TIlE .lUIERICAX WORIC\L\.
I
1784.
[From the Same.]
T HERE can, howeyer, be no doubt that a wonderful amelioration has
taken place since that day in the condition of the poor. Their houses
were meaner, their food was coarser, their clutbing was of commoner stuff;
their wages were, despite the depreciation tbat has gone on in the value of
money, lower by one half than at present. A man who performed" bat would
now ùe called unskilleù labor, who f'awed wood, who dug llitches, who mended
the roads, who mixed mortar. who carried boards to the carpenter and hricks
to the ma
on. or helped to cut hay in the har,est-time, usually received as
the fruit of bis daily toil twu shillings. Sometimes when the laborers were
few be was paid more, and became the envy of his fellows if, at the enù of a
week, he took homcto hið family fifteen shilling
, a sum now greatly exceeded
by four dollars. Yet all au thori ties agree that in 1784: the hire of workmen
was twice as great as in 1774:.
Ou such a pittauee it was only by the strictest economy that a mechanic
kept his children from starvation and himself from jail. In the low and dingy
rooms which he called his honw wcre wanting many article:-; of adornment
and of use now to be found ill the dwellings of the poorest of his class. Sand
sprinkled on the floor did duty as a em'pet, There was no gla
s on his table,
therc was no china in his cuphoard. there were no prints on his wall. "\Yhat
a stove was he did not know, coal he had never seen, matches he had never
heard of. O,er a fire of fr
lgments of boxes and barrels, which he lit with
the f'park;; struck from a flint, or with li\-e coals brought from a neighbor's
hearth, his wife cooked up a rude meal and served it in pewter dishes, lIe
rarely tasted fresh meat as often as once in a week, and paid for it a much
higher price than his posterity, Everything, indced, which ranked as a staple
of life wa
very costly. Corn Rtood at thrce shil1ings the bushel. wheat at
eight and sixpence, an assizc of hread was fonrpellce, a pound of salt purk
was tenpence.
lany other commodities now to be seen on the tables of thc
poor were either quite unknown or far hcyond the reach of his ::;canty ll1etm
.
Fnenviuble is the lot of that man who cannot, ill the height of the season,
when the wharfs anù markets are heaped with baskets and crates of fruit,
spare three cents for a pound of grapes or fivc cents for as many peache
, or,
when Sunday comCð round, indulgc his family "ith watermdons or canta-
loupes. One hunJred years ago thc wretched fox-grape was the only kind
that found its way to market, and was the luxury of the rich. Amung the
fruitð and vegetables uf which no one had thrn even heard arc cantaloupes,
many varieties of peaches and veal's, tomatoes and rhubarh, sweet corn, the
cauliflower, the egg-plant, head lettuce, amI okra. On the window-benches
of every tenemen t- housc may be seen growing geraniumI:' and verbenas, flowers
not known a century ago. In truth, the bcst-kr-pt gardeI)S were then rank
with hollyhocks and sunflowerð, roses and snow uall:-: , lilacs, pinks, tulips,
and, above all, the Jcru
;alem cherry, a plaut u))(:e much all mired, uut now
scarcely seen.
78
WILLIS BROOKS HA WKINS.
[1861-88
If the food of an artisan would llOW be thought coarse, his clothes would
be thought abominable. A pair of yel10w buckskin or leathern breeches, a
checked shirt, a red flannel jacket, a rusty felt hat cocked np at tJw corners,
shoes of neat's-skin set off with huge buckles of brass, and a leathern apron,
comprised his scanty wardrube. The leather he smeared with grease to keep
it soft and flexible. His sons followed in hif: foot
teps, or were apprellticed
to lleighboringtrndesmen. IIisùaughterwent out to service, She performed,
indeed, an the duties at present exacted from women of her cla
s; but with
them were coupled man}' others rendered nscles:3 by the great improvement
that has since taken place in the conveniences of life. She mended the clothes,
she did up the ruffs, she ran on errands from one end of the town to the other,
she milked the cows, made the butter, walked ten blocks for a pail of water,
spun flax for the family linen, and, when the year was up, l'eceived ten pounds
for her wages. Y cf., small as was her pay, she had, befure bestowing herself
in marriage on the footman or the gardener, laid away in her stocking enough
guineas and joes to buy a few chairs, a table, and a bed.
ITlíllíØ 13rooliø l
a\Uliíl1ø.
BOR
in Aurora, Ill., 1852.
LAXGUAGE TH
\. T KEED
.,A REST,
[TAe lVasltillgtfJn Pust. 1889.]
1 "\v AS awakened in the middle of the night by a disturbance in the library.
It did not seem to be the noise of burglars. It was more like the mur-
muring sound of many tongues engaged in spirited debate. I listened clo:;:ely
and concluded it must be some sort of a discussion being held by the words in
my big unabridged dictionary. Creeping softly to the door, I stood anù lis-
tened.
"I don't care," said the little word Of; "I may not be very big, hnt that
is no reason why everybody should take advantage of me, I am the most mer-
cilessly overworked word in the whole dictionary, and there is no earthly rea-
son for it, either. People say they' consider of' and' approve of' and' ac-
cept of' and' admi t of' all sorts of things, Then they say' all of us,' and' both
of them,' and · firðt of all,' and tell about' looking ont of' the window, or cut-
ting a piece of bread' off of' the Joaf, until I am utterly tired ont."
"Pshaw!" said the word Up, "I am not much bigger than you and I do
twice as much work, and a good deal of it needlessly, too. People' wake up'
in the morning and' get up' and' shaké up' their beds and' dress up' and
, wash np' and' draw up' to the table. and' eat up' and' drink up' their
breakfast. Then the
' 'jump up , from the table and' hurry up' to ' go np'
to the corner, where the street-car driver' pulls up' his horses and the pas-
sengers ' ascend up' the
teps and' go up' iuto the front seat
and the con-
1861-88]
WILLIS BROOKS llA WKINS.
79
.
ductor 'takes up' the tickets. All this is done even before people' get up'
town and' take up' their day's work. From that time until they' put up'
their books and' shut up , their officeR I do more work than any two words in
this book; and even after bU:.:incs:-; h01.U'8 I am worked until people' lock up'
their houses anù 'go up' to hed and' coyer themsehes up' and' sh ut up'
their eyes for the night. It would take a week to tell what I have to 'put up'
with in a day, and I am a good deal' worked up' over it."
" I agree that both Cp and Of are very much overworked," said the word
Stated, co hut I think I, m
'self, deserye a little sympathy. I am doing not
only my own legitimate work, but also that which ought to be done by my
friend Said. X oùody 'says' anything nowadays; he always' states' it:'
.. Yes," chipped in the funny little word Pun, "these are very stately
times. "
omeofthe words laughed at this, lmtHumorsaid : "Pun is a simpleton, "
" X 0," answered Wit; "he is a fellow of duplicities."
" He makes me tired," said Slang.
Then the discussion was resumed.
"I do a great deal of need]ess work," said the word But. "People say they
have no doubt' but that' it will rain, and that they shouldn't wonder' but
what' it would snow, until I don't know' but' I shall strike."
" \Yhat I have most to complain about,"
aid the word .As, "is that I am
forced to associate so much with the word Equally. Only
Testerday a man
said he could' see equally as well as' another man. I don't see what Lusiness
Eq ually had in that sentence,"
" "
ell," retorted Equally, "men every day say that something is 'equaUy
as good' as something else, and I don't see what business .As has in that sen-
tence. "
"I think," said Prop1'iety, "you two I'bould be divorced by mutual con-
sen t. ,.
There was a fluttering sound and a clamor of voices.
"'Ye, too, ought to be granted divorce," was the substance of what they
said: and among the voices I recognized those of the following-named
couple
: Cover O,,'er, Enter In, From Tltenre, Go Fetell, [lave Got, Latter
End, Continue On, Conl'er:y' Together, J.Yew Bc.r;innel', Old Veter'an, Return
Back, Rise fp, Sink Doum, Tltey Both, TJ'!I
lnd, ltIore Pelteel. 1.-'.'eldoJil
E'cer, Alnwst
Ye1.'eJ', Feel Badly, [ Idted Together, Two First, An One, Ot'er
Again, Repeat Again, and many other:,.
"
hen quietude had been re
tored, the word Rest said: " Yon words all
talk of being overworked a::; if that werc the worst thing that could IJappen to
a fellow, but I tell you it is much worse tu be cut out of your own work. Now,
look at me. Herc I am ready and willing to perform my part in the speech of
the day. hut almost everybody passes by me and employs my awkward friend
Balance. It is the commonest thing in the wodd to hear people Fay they will
pay the' balance' of a debt or will sleep the' balancr' of tbc night. "
.. I Imffer considerably from thi
same kind of neglect," said ttr word
Deem. "N obocly ever' deems' a thing beautiful any more; it is always' COll-
sidered' beautiful, whell in fact it is not considcreù at all."
80
BRANDER ...lfATTHEWS.
[1801-S8
"True," said Irritate; "and people talk of being · aggravated' when they
ought instead to give me work.'
" And me," said Purpose; "look at me. I get bardly anything to do be-
cause people arc always' proposing' to do this or that when no idea of a propo-
sition is involved. 'Yhy, I read the other day of a man who had' propused '
to murder another when really he had ncver said a word about it to a living
being. Of course he only purposed to commit the murder."
"1f it is my turn," said the word Auwng, "I should like to protest against
J[1', Between doing my work. The idea of people saying a man divided an
orange' between' his three children! It humiliates me."
"It is no worse," said the word Fewer, "than to have people say there
were' less' men in one army than in another."
" No, " ac1L1ed .J.lfm"e Than
' "and no worse than to have them say there
were' over.' 100,000 men."
"It seems to me," said the word Likely, "that nobody has more reason for
complaint than I have. My friend Liable is doing nearly all my work. They
say a man ið 'liable' to be sick or 'liable' to be out of town when the ques-
tion of liability does not enter into the matter at all. "
"You're no worse off than I am," said the little word So
' "that fellow
Snell, is doing all my work. People say there never was' such' a glorious
country as this when, of course, they mean there never was' so' glorious a
country elsewhere."
I sa
that there was likely to be no end to this discussion, since half the
words in the dictionary were makiug"'efforts to put in their complaints, so I
returned to my couch; and I will leave it to any person who has read this ac-
count to say whether I had not already heard enough to make me or any-
budy else sleepy.
')Branner jRattlJeU1
.
Bou:s in New Orleans, La., 1852.
PLAYING _\ PART.
[Playin.q a Part. A Comedy for Amateur Actinfj.-In Parln"1"sldp. 1884.]
SCENE: A hand.</omely-furnished parlor, u'ith a general air of homi3 comfort. A f'urtaineil
window on each side of the central fireplace 'woulcllight the room ifit u'e1'e not l'.l'enin,r;,
as the lamp on the u'ork-table in the centre of the room informs us. At one 8z:de of the
'loork-table is the wife, winding a ball of worsted from a skein u'Meh her lmsb(tnd holds
in his hands.
H E, looking at watch, aside. "This wool t.akes as long to wind up as a bankrupt
est.ate, " Fidget.s.
RrrE. "Do keep still, Jack! Stop fidgeting and jumping around."
lIE. "1Vhen you pull the st.ring, Jenny, I am always a jumping-jack to dance at-
tendance on you."
18Gl-88]
BRANDER JIAT1'HEWS.
81
SUE, seriously. " Very pretty, indeed! It was true too-once-before we were
married; now you lead me a different dance."
HE. " I am yoU!' partner stilL"
:-:-HE, sadly. "But the figure is always the Ladies' Chain. "
lIE, aside. .. If I don't get away soon I sha'n't be aLle to do any work to-night."
\l(lu<1: .. 'Vlwt do you mean by that solemn tone? "
nE. ., Oh, nothing-nothing of any consequence."
HE, aside. .. 'Ve look like two fools acting in private theatricals. ..
SUE, finishing Lall of worsted. .. That will do; thank you. Do not let me detain
you; I know you are in a hurry."
lIE. .. I have my work to do."
nE. "::)0 it seems; and it takes all day and half the night."
HE, rising and going to fireplace. "I am working hard for our future happi-
ness. "
SHE, quietly. "I should like a little of the happiness now."
HE, standing with back to fireplace. ,. Are you unhappy? "
HE. .. Oh no-not very. "
lIE. ., Do you not have everything you wish? "
SUE. ., Oh yes-except the one thing I want most."
lIE. . , 'Yell, my dear, I am at home as much as I can be."
SUE. "So you think I meant you? "
HE, cmbarrassed. "'Vell-I did suppose-that-"
SUE. ., Yes, I used to want you. The days were long enough while you were away,
and I waited for your return. Now I have been alone so much that I am getting ac-
("ustomed to solÏtUl1e. .\nd I do not really know what it is I do want. I am listle<;s,
nen-ous, good-for-nothing- "
lIE, gallantly. " You are good enough for me."
UE. "You did think so once ; and perhaps you would think so again-if you could
spare the time to get acquainted with me. "
lIE, surprised. . , Jenny, are you ill ? "
IlE. .. Xot more So than u
ual. I was bright enough two years ago, when we were
married. But for two years I have not lived; I have vegetated-more like a plant
than a human bcing; and even plants require some sunshine."
lIE, aside. "I havc nc\'cr heard her talk like this before. I don't understand it."
Aloud: " 'Yhy, Jenny, you speak as if I were a cloud over your life."
SUE. ., Do I? "
elL it does not matter. "
HE. "I try to he a good hl1
hand, don't I?"
SUE, indiffercntly. "
\S well as you know how, I suppose."
HE. ,. Do I deprivc
ou of anything you want?"
SUE, impatiently. .. Of course you do not. "
HE. "I work hard. I know, hut when I go out in the evening now and then-"
SUE, aside. "Six nights every week." Sighing.
lIE. ,. I really work. Therc are hushands who say they are at work when they are
at the cluh playing poker. X ow, I am really working."
SUE. impatiently. .. You have no small vices." Rising. "Is there no work call-
ing you away to-night? 'Vhy arc you not off? "
HE, looking at ,,-atch. .. I am a little lat.e, that's a fact; still, I can do what I have
to do if I work like a horse."
SUE. "Have you to draw a conveyance? That is the old joke."
lIE. ., This is no joke. It's a divorce suit."
SUE, quickly. "Is it that Lightfoot person again?"
HE. "It is 'frs. Lightfoot's cuse. She is a very fine woman, and her hushand
has treated her shamefully."
VOL. XI.-6
82
BRA.NDER J1ATTHEJVS.
[1861-88
SHE. "Better than the creature deserved, I dare say , You will win her case for
lIer ? "
HE. "I shall do my best."
SHE, sarcasticallj. "No doubt." Aside: ., I hate that woman! " Crosses the
room and sits on sofa on the right of the fireplace.
HE. "But the result of a lawsuit is generally a toss-up; and heads do not always
win. "
SHE. "I wish you luck this time-for her husbmlll's sakc; he'll be glad to be rid
of her. But I douut it; you can't get up any sympathy by exhibiting her to the jury;
she isn't good-looking enough."
HE, quickly. .. She's a very fine woman indeed."
SUE, aside. "How eagerly he defends her!" Aloud: ., She's a great big, tall,
giantess creature, with a face like a wax doll and a head of hair like a Circassian
girl. No juryman will fall in love with her."
HE. "How often have I tolll you that Justice docs not consi(ler persons! )1"ow,
in the eye of the law-"
SHE, interrupting. "Do you acknow leùge that the law has but one e
"e and can
see only one side? "
HE. "Are you jealous?" Crossing and stanrling in frunt of her.
SUE. "Jealous of this )lrs. Lightfoot?" Laughs. .. Ridiculous! ,.
HE. "I am glad of it, for I think a jealous woman has a very poor opinion of her-
self. "
SIIE, forcibly. ,. And it is her business which takes yon out to-night?"
lIE, going toward the left-hand door. "I have to go across to the Bar AS5.ücia-
tion to look up some points. l111d-"
t;UE, rising quickly. .. And you can jJ.lst send me a cab. I shall go to 1\1rs. Play-
fair's to rehearse again for the private theatricals. "
HE, annoyed, coming back. "But I had asked you to gÎ\'e it up."
SUE, with growing excitement. ., And I had almost determined to give it up. but
I have changeù my mind. That's a woman's privilege, isn't it? I am tired of spenù-
ing my evenings by myself."
lIE. "Now be reasonnble, .Jenny; I must work."
SHE. "And I must play-in the private theatricals."
HE. "But I don't like private theatricals. "
SHE. "Don't you? I do."
HE. ,. A nd I particularly dislike amateur actors."
SIIE. "Do you? I don't. I like some of them very much; and some of them
like me, too."
HE. "The deuce they do! "
lIE. "Tom Thurshy and Dick Carey and Harry 'Vylde were all disputing who
should make love to me."
lIE. ")[ake love to you '( "
IIE. "In the play-in' TIushands antI 'Yives.'"
lIE. "Do you meall to say that you are going to act on the I'\tage with those brain-
less icl iots ? "
SITE, intcrrupting. "Do not call my friends namcs; it is in ball taste."
HE. "',hat will people say when they see my wife }Jawed and c1aw{'d hy tho
e
fellows? "
SIIE. "Let them say w h<tt they please. no you think I carc for the tittle-tattle
of the riffraff of society? ..
lIE. ., But, Jenny-" Brusquely:" ('onfounll it! I have llO patience with you!"
SIIE. "So I have d1::-('(Jvered. But you need not lose your temper here. and
Wl'ar.
Go outside and do it, and leave me alone, as I am every evening."
1861-88]
B RA.LYDER .L1fATTHEWS.
83
HE. " You talk as if I ill-treated you. "
SHE, sarcastically. "Do I? That is very wicked of me, isn't it? You take the
IJcst possible care of me, you are ever thinking of me, and you never lcave my side
for a moment. Oh no, you do not ill-treat me-Ol' abuse me-or neglect me "-
IJl"t'aking dOWll-" or make me miserable. There is nothing the matter with nte, of
<:ourse. But you never will believe I IUl.Ye a heart until you have broken it!" :::;ink-
ing on chair, C.
lIE, crossing to her. ., You are excited, I see; still, I must say this is a little too
much. "
SHE, starting up. "Don't come near me!" Sarcastically: "Don't let me keep
you from your work "-going to (1001'-" aUf I don't fail to send me a cab. At last
I revolt against your ncglect. "
lIE, indignantly protesting. .. )Iy neglect? Do you mean to say I ueglect you?
)Iy conscicnce does not reproach me. "
SHE. at the door. "That's because you haven't any!" Exit, slamming door.
IIE. alone. "I nc,"cr St1'\ her go on that way before. "\Yhat can be the matter
with her? She is not like herself at all; she is low-spiritcd and ncrvous. Now, I
never couIll see why women had any nerves. I wonder if she really thinks that I
neglect her? I should 1)(' sorry, vcry sorry, if she did. 111 not go out to-night; I'll
stay at home and have a quiet evening at my own fireside." Sits ill chair in the cen-
tre. .. I think that will bring her rounù. 1"ù like to know what has made her act
like this. lIas she heen reading any sentimcntal trash, I wonder?" Sees book in
'work-ha
ket. "Xmy, here's some ycllow-covered literature." Takes it up. ""\Yhy,
it's that confoun(led 1)lay, 'IIushalHls and "\YÍ\'c
.' Let me see the silly stuff." Reath.
.. . )Iy darling, one more embrace, 011(' last, long, lo,-ing kiss'; and then he hugs
her and kisses her." Rising. ..
\nd she thinks I111uwe her playa part like that?
How
hould I look while that was going on? Can't
he find something clse î" At
".ork-table. .. Here is another." Takes up seconll pamphlet. ,. Ko, it is a 'Guide
to the Passions.' I fear I need no guide to get into a pa:"siol1. I douut if there's as
much hugging and kissing in this as in the othcr one. " Heads. '" It is impossible
to describe aU the efIecti of the various passions, but a few hints are here giveu as to
}IOW thc more important may he delineated.'" Spokcn. "This is intercsting. If
(".er I have to delineate a passion I shall faU hack on this guide." HcmIs. ," Love
is a-'" RemIs hastily and unintellig-ibly. ,,' 'Yhcn successful, loye authorizes the
fen-ent emhracc of the helm'ed!' The Ileuce it (loes
And I find my wife getting
ill:,-truction from this Deyil's text.-book!
\. little more and I should be jcalous."
Looks at hook. .. Ah, here is jealousy; now lct's see how I ought to fcel." Hcads.
,. 'Jeal()u
y is a mixture of pas-.;ions and-' " Heads hastil
amI unintelligibly.
.. Xot
o had! I helieve I could act up to these instruetions. \' .Jumping up. ".And
I will: )fy wife ,,'ants acting: she shall have it! She complains of monotony; she
:-:.hall have variety! '.r ealousy is a mixturc of passions.' I'll he jealous; I'll give her
a mi xture of passions. I'll take a leaf out of hcr book, and I'll find a cure for t}u:se
HCITes of hers. I'll learn my part at once; we'll have some private theatricals to
onlcr. .. "r alks up anll down stUlIyillg book.
She reëllter.'
. 1(.,th bonnet 011 al/d cloak ocer her arm, and stands in surpri8e, watclting 11 im.
III:. .. You here still? "
HE. .. Ycs."
SIII;. .. Have you onlercd a cah for me ? "
1 fl.:. " No."
SUE. "And why not?"
lIE, aside. "XOW'g my chance. )Iixture of passions-I'll try suspicion first."
\.loulÌ : "ßecause I do not approve of the people you are going to meet-these
Thursbys and Careys and 'V
"lde::;."
8-1
BRANDER .JIATTHEWS.
[1861-88
SHE, calmly sitting on sofa. "Perhaps you wou1l1 like to revise my visiting-list,
and tell the servant whom I am to receive."
HE. "You lllay see what ladies you please-"
SUE, interrupting. " Thank you; still, I do Dot plellse to Ree )[rs. Lightfoot."
HE, annoyed. "I say nothing of her."
SHE. "Oh dear, no! I dare say you keep it as secret as you can."
HE, aside. "Simple suspicion is useless. 'What's IH'xt
" Glances in pamphlet.
" 'Peevish personalities.' I ,,'ill pass on to peevish personalities." Aloud: "Now,
these men, these felllHYs who strut aùout the stage for an idle hour, who are they?
This Tom Thnr..hy, who wanted to make love to you-who is he
"
SHE. "
\rc you going to ask many questions? Is this catechism a long one? If
it is, I may as well lay aside my shawl."
lIE. ""\Vho is he, I say; I insist upon knowing."
SHE. "He's a good enough fellow in his way."
HE, sternly. "He had best ùeware how he gets in my way. "
SHE, aside. ,. There's a great change in his manner. I ùo not understand it."
HE. "And this Dick Carey-who is he ? " Stalking toward her.
SUE, starting up and crossing. "Are you trying to frighten me by this violence? "
HE, aside. "It is producing an effect."
SUE. "But I am not afraid of you, if I am. a weak woman and you are a strong
nUlll. "
lIE, aside. "It is going all right." Aloud, fiercely: ., Answer me at once! Is
this Carey married
"
SHE. "I believe he is."
lIE. "Yon believe! Don't you know? Docs his wife act with these strollers?
Have you not seen her
"
SUE. "I have never seen her. She and her husband are like the two lmekets in a
well; they never turn up together. They meet only to clash, amI one is always
throwing cold water on the other."
HE. "AmI Harry 'V y hIe! Is he married?"
SIlE. "Yes; and his wife is always keeping him in hot water."
lIE. "And so he COUles to you for consolation
"
SUE, laughing. "He needs no consoling; he has always such a flow of spirits."
HE. "I've heard the fellow drank."
SUE, surprised, aside. "Can Jack he jealous 1 I wish I could think so, for then
I migh t hope he stilI 10vec1 me."
lIE. "And do you suppose I can allow you to associate with these fellows, who
all want to make love to JOu
"
SHE, aside, joyfully. "He is jealous! The dear ùoy! "
IlE, fiercely. "Do you think I e:m permit this, madam?"
SUE, aside. '" )Iadam!' I could hug him for loving me enough to call me 'mad-
am' like that. TIut I must not give in too soon."
HE. "Have you nothing to say for yourself? Can you find no words to (Idend
yourself, woman?"
SUE, asil1e. "'"\V oman!' He enlls me 'woman'! I can forgive him anything
now."
HE. "Are you dumb, woman? Have you naught to say? "
SUE, gleefully, aside. "I had no idea I had married an Othello!" She sees the
pillow on the sofa, and, crossing to it quietly, hides the pillow he hind the sofa.
HI
, aside. ""What did she mean by that
" Aloml, fiercely: ,. Do you intend to
deny-"
SITE, interrupting. "I have nothing to deny; I have nothing to conceal. "
HE. ., Do you deny that you confessed these fellows sought to make love to you?"
1861-88]
BRA....YDER JJATTHE1VS,
85
SUE. II I do not deny that." )Iischievously. "But I never thought you would
worry about such tl'ifles."
HE. ". Trifles! madam? Trifles, indeed!" Glances in book and quoting:
., · Trifles light as air
Are to the jealous confirmations strong
As proofs of holy writ.' ..
SHE, surprised, aside. ""There did he get his blank verse? "
HE, aside. "That seemed to tell. I'll give her some more."
þhlet, and lluoting:
Glancing in pam-
.. 'But, alas, to make me
A fixed figure for the time of seom
'1'0 point his slow, unll1O\-ing finger at ! ,,,
SUE, aside, jumping up with indignation. U Why, it is · Othello' he is quoting! He
is acting! He is positively playing a part! It is shameful of him! It's not real jeal-
ousy; it's a sham. Oh, the wretch! But I'll pay him back! I'll make him jealous
without any make-uelieve. "
HE, aside. U I'm getting on capitally. I'm making a strong impression; I am
ronsing her out of her nervousness. I doubt if she will want any more private tlw-
atricals now. I don't think I shall have to repeat the lesson. This' Guide to the
Passions' is a first-rate book; I'll keep one in the house all the time."
SUE, aside. "If he plays Othello, I can play Iago. I'll give his jealousy some-
thing to feed on. I have no blank verse for him, but I'll make him blank enough
Ix.fore I am done with him. Oh, the villain! "
lIE, aside. "
ow let me try threatening." Glancing in book. '" Pity the !'or-
TO""S of a poor old man '-I've got the wrong place. That's not threatening-that's
senility.''' Turning over page. " Ah, here it is. "
SITE, aside. "And he thinks he can jest ,,-ith a woman's heart and not be pun-
ishcrl
Oh, the wickedne:;s of llian!" Forcibly: "Oh, if mamma were only here,
now! "
lIE, threateningly. "Who are these fellows? This Tom, Dick and Harry are-
arc they"-hesitates, and glances in pamphlet-" are they · framed to make womcn
false' ? "
SUE, aside. ." 'Yhy, he's got a hook! It's my , Gui(1e to the Pas!"ions.' The wretch
has actually been copying his jealousy out of my own book." Aloul1, with pre-
ten(1cd emotion: ., Dear me, .Jack, you neYcr hefore objected to my little flirta-
tions. " Aside, watching him: "How will hc like that? "
lIE, aside, puzzled. .., Little flirtations
' I don't like that-I don't like it at
all. "
SIIE. "They have all been attentive, of course-"
HE, aside. '" Of course!' I don't like that, eithcr."
f'I1E. ·
But I did not think you would so take to heart a few innocent cn(1ear-
nlent". "
HE, starting. '" Innoccnt cJl(lcarments
, Do you mean to say that thcy offel'
you any' innocent endearments' ? "
Sm";, quietly. "Don't he so uoisterous, Jack; you will crush my book."
IlI-:, looking at pamphlet crush cd in his hand, and throwing it from him. Aside:
"Confound the book! I do not need any prompting no\\"." .\.Ioud:" \Yhich of
these men ha:;; dared to offcr' you any 'innocent endearments' ? "
SHE, hesitatingly. ", \Vell-I don't know-that I ought to tell you-since you t,tke
thin
s so queerly. But TOUl-"
lIE, forcibly. "Tom?"
86
BRANDER .JfAl'l'HEWS.
[1861-88
SHE. "1\lr. Thur::oby, I mean. He and I are very old friends, you know-I he-
lieve we are thirù cousins or so-and of course I don't stand on ceremony with
him. "
HE. "And he does not stand on ceremony with you, I suppose?"
SUE. ,. Oh, no. In fact, we are first-rate friends. Indeed, when Dick Carey
wanted to make love to me, he was quite jealous. "
HE. "Oh, lie was jealous, was he? The fellow's impudence is amazing! 'Vhell
I meet him I'll give him a piece of my minù. "
SUE, demurely. ' , Are you sure you can spare it! "
HE. " Don't irritate me too far, .J enny; I've a temper of my own."
SHE. "You seem to have lost it now."
HI!:. "Do you not see that I am in a heat ahout this thing? How can you
it
there so calmly? You keep cool like a "-hesitates-" like a-"
SHE, interrupting. "Like a burning-glass, I keep cool myself while setting you
on fire? Exactly so, and I suppose yon would prefer me to be a looking-glass in
which you could see only yourself?"
HE. "A wife should reflect her husband's image, and not that of a pack of foo}';."
SUE. "Come, come, Jack, you are not jealous?"
HE. '" Jealuus!' Of course I am not jealous, but I am very much annoyed."
SUE. ,. I am glad that you are not jealous, for I have always heard that a jealous
man has a very poor opinion of himself. " Aside:" There's one for him. "
HE. "I am not jealous, Imt I will probe this thing to the bottom; I must kno \\"
the truth."
SUE, asicle. "He is jealous now; and this is real; I am sure it is."
HE. "Go on, tell me more; I must get at the bottom facts. There's nothing like
truth."
SUE, aside. "There is nothing like it
n what he's learning."
HE, aside. "This Carey is h:mnless enough, and he can't help talking. He's a-
he's a telescope j you have only to draw him out, aUll anybodyean see through him.
I'll get hold of him, draw him out, and then shut him up!" Crossing e:\.citedly.
SHE, aside. "lIow much more his real jealousy moves me than his pretence of it!
He seems very much affected. No man could be as jealous as he is unless he wa::; \"Cry
much in love."
HE, with affected coolness. "You have tolclme about Tom and Dick; pray, have
you nothing to say about Harry? "
SHE. "Jlr. 'Y ylde ? " Enthusiastically:" He is a man after my own heart
..
lIE. "So he is after it ?" Savagely:" Just let me get after him! "
SHE, coolly. "'V en, if you do not like his attentions, you can take him apart and
tell him so."
HE, vindictively. "If I took him apart he'd never get put together again
..
SUE. ., Jlr. 'Yylde is very much afraid of his wife, but when she is not there he
is more devoted than either of the others."
HE. '"
Iure devoted!' 'Vhat else shall I hear, I wonder?"
SHE. "It was he who had to kiss me."
HE, startled. "'Vhat
"
SHE. "I told him not to do it. I knew I should blush if he kissed me. I ahnlYs
do."
HE, in areat aaitation. " You alwavs do? lIas this man ever-" TIreaking
down. "'Oh, Je
ny! .Jenny! you do
ot know what you are doing. I do not
blame you-it is not your fault; it is mine. I did not know how much I loved you,
and I find it out now, when it is perhaps too late."
SUE, aside. "How I have longed for a few words of love like these! and they
have come at last! "
1861-88]
BRANDER MATTHETVS.
87
HE. "I have been too selfish; I have thought too much of my work and too lit-
tle of your happiness. I see now what a mistake I have made."
::3IIE, aside. I I I cannot sit still here and see him waste his love in the air like this."
H.I';. I, I shall tUI'll over a new leaf. If you willid me, I shall devote myself to
you. taking care of you and making you happy."
IIE, aside. "If he had only spoken like that before! "
lIE. .. I will try to win you away from these associates. I am sure that in your
heart you do not care for them. " Crossing to her. I , You know that I love you;
can I not hope to win you hack to me ? "
SUE, aside. ," Once before he spoke to me of hi:,; love. I can remember every tone
of his voice, every word he said. "
lIE. ,I Jenny, is my task hopeless? "
IlE. quietly crossing to arm-chair. "The task is easy, Jack." Smiling. "Per-
haps you think too much of these associates. Perhaps you think a good deal more
of them than I do. In fact, I am sure that to-night you were the one who took to
private theatricals first. By the way, where's my 'Guide to the Passions'? Have
you seen it lately? "
HE, half comprehending. I I Your I Guide to the Passions'? A book with a yellow
cover? I think I lun-e seen it. "
SHE. .. I saw it last in your hand-just after you had been quoting' Othello.' "
liE. "" Othello'? Oh, then you know-"
SHE, smiling. .. Yes, I know. I saw, I understood, and I retaliated on the spot."
lIE. I,You retaliated?"
SIlE. ," I paid you off in your own coin-counterfeit, like yours."
HE, joyfully. ., Then Tom did not make love to you? "
SHE. "Oh, yes he tlid-in the play."
HE. "And Dick is not devoted? "
SII1
. " Yes, he is-in the play."
lIE. "And Harry did not try to kiss you? " .
SIIE. ,I Indeed he did-in the play."
HE. '" Then you have been playing a part? "
f'nE. "Haven't you?"
lIE. "Haven't I? Certainly not.
\.t least-well, at least r will say nothing
more about Tom or Dick 01' Harry."
SHE. .1 And I will say nothing more of )Irs. Lightfoot."
HE, dropping in chair to her right. ", Jlrs. Lightfoot is a fine woman. my dear"
-she looks up-" hut she is not my style at all. Besi(les, you know, it was only as
a matter of business, for the sake of our future prospects, that I took her part. ..
SHE, throwing him a skein of wool. I I _\.nd it is only for the sake of our future
happiness tbat I have been playing mine."
Jle holds tlte wool and she winds the ball, and the curtain falls, lem-iug them in tILe same
position in which its rising discuvered them.
THE KOVEL AXD TIlE DRA:\IA.
[The Dramatization of J..Yovels.-Longman's ..J]agaÛne. 1<;;80.]
T IllS, I take it, is one of the chief characteristics of the true dramatist-
that he sees at once when a form is outworn, and lets the dead past bury
its dead; that he utilizes all the latest devices of the stage while recognizing
88
BRANDER MATTHEJVS.
[1861-88
frankly and fully the limitations imposed by the physical conditionR of tbe
theatre. As I have already suggested, these limitations forbid not a few of
the effects permissible to the novelist. X 0 ùramatist may open his story with
a solitary horseman, as was once the fashion of fiction; nor can he show the
hero casually rescuing the heroine from a prairie on fire, or from a s)ip into
the rapids of :Kiagara; and he finds it impossible to get rid of the villain by
throwing him under the wheels of a locomotive. K ot only is the utilization
of the forces of naturt' very difficult on the sb.1ge, and extremely doubtful,
but the description of nature herself is out of place; and however expert the
scene-painter, he cannot hope to vie with Yictor Hugo or Hawthorne in call-
ing up before the eye the grandeur or the picturesqueness of the scene where
the action of the story comes to its climax,
Time was when the drama was first, and prose-fiction limped a long way
after; time was when the novelists, even the greatest of them, began as play-
wrights. Cervantes, Le Sage, Fielding, all studied the art of character-draw-
ing on the hoards of a theatre, although no one of their plays keeps the stage'
to-day, while we still read with undiminished zest the humorous record of the
adventures and misadventures of "Don Quixote," "Gi) BIas," and" Tom
Jones." Scott was, perhap:.:, the first great novelist who did not learn his
trade behind the scenes, It seemed to .Mr. Lowell, that before Fielding ., real
Hfe formed rather the scenic background than the substance, and that the
characters are, after all, merely players who represent certain types rather
than the living tYlJes themselves." It may be suggested that the earlier novels
reflected the easy expedients and artificial manners of the theatrf', much as
the writers may have employed the pröcesses of the stage. Since Fielding
and Scott the novel has heen expanding, until it. seeks to o,-ershaùow its elder
brother, The old inter-dependence of thc drama an(1 prose-fiction has ceased;
nowadays the novel and the play are independent, each with itð own aims and
with its own methods. The advocates of the one are as boastful as the par-
tisans of the other are intolerant, and each ið as sclf-asscrti,-e as the young
actress who-so her enterpri6ing advance agent in his advertisement declared
_" ha
appeared in all the countries of the world, and has been pronounced
thc grcatest of them all !"
"Thi)e on the one hand there are not lacking thosf' who see in the modern
noyel hut a bastard epic in low prose, so there arc not wanting others, 11oyel-
ists and critics of literature, chiefly in France, where the princi pIes of dra-
matic art arc better understood than elsewhere, who are so imprc
sed h
T thC'
numher and magnitude of the restrictions whieh hind the dramatist. that
they arc inc1ined to dcc1are the drama itself to be an outwurn form. They
think that the limitations imposed on the dramatist are 1'11) rigid that first-rate
literary workmen will not accept them, and that first-rate literary worh can-
not he hoped for. These critics urc on the yergc of hinting that nowadays
the drama is little more than a polite amusement, just a::; other::; might can
oratory now little more than the art of making after-dinner speeches. They
suggest that the phy is safUy primitive when compared with the perfected
nOtel of the nineteenth century. They remark that the drama can show hut
a corner of life, while pro:5e-fiction may reveal almost the WllO]C of it. They
I
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i
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"
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/ /k / lY/ð//4///1 //I!;,.'
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1861-88]
BRA.J..VDER .J..llATTHETrS.
89
assert boldly that the drama is no longer the form of literature best i'uited to
the treatment of the subjects in which the thinking people of to-day are in-
terested. 'fhey declare that the novelist may grapple resolutely with a topic
of the times, though the dramatist dare not scorch his fingers with a burn-
ing question. The Goncourts, in the preface of their undmmatic play,
"La Patrie en Danger, ,. announced that" the drama of to-day is not litera-
ture. "
It is well to mass these criticisms together that they may be met once and
for al1. It is true that the taste for analysis which dominates the pro
e-fiction
of our time has affected the drama but little; and it is not easy to say whether
or not the formula
of the theatre can be so enlarged, modified, and made
more delicate that the dramatist can really rival the novelist in psychologic su b-
tlety. Of course, if the novel continues to develop in one direction in accord-
ance with a general current of literature, and if the drama does not den'lop
along the
ame lines, then the dmma will be left behind, and it will become
a mere sport, an empty spectacle, a toy for children, spoonmeat for babes.
A book, however fine or peculiar, delicate or spiritual, goes in time to the
hundred or thc thou:-:and congenial spirits for whom it was intended; it may
not gft to its addre
at once or even in its author's lifetime; but sooner or
later its message iR de1iyered to all who are ready to receive it. A play can
have no
uch fate; and for it there is no redemption, if onee it is damned. It
cannot live by pleasing a few only; to earn the right to exist, it mnst plea
e
the many. And thi8 is at the hottom of all dislike for the dramatic form-
that it appeals to the crowd, to the broad puhlic, to all classe
alike, rieh and
poor, learned and ignorant, rough and refim'd. And this is to me the preat
merit of the drama, that it cannot ùe dilettante. finikin, precious, narrow. It
mu
t handle lJroad themes hr'oadh'. It must deal with the common facts of
humanity, It is the delllocrat of lÙerature. Théophile Gautier, who disliketl
the theatre, said that an idea never found its way un the stage until it wa:3
worn thread hare inllC'w::;papers and in novel:,. And hc was not far out. As
the (ll'ama appeals to the public at large, it must consider !:ieriously only tho:,e
I'll bjl.cts which the public at large call understand anù are interested in. There
are exceptions, no doubt, now and again, when an adroit dramat1
t sneceeds
in captivating- the public with a theme
till in dC'hate. )L
ardol1, fer eX,Il11-
pIe, wrote" Daniel Hochat " ten Year
beforc )Ir
, \rard wrote " RohertEl:-:-
mere:' and the .Frenchman's ph
y wa::; acted in Xew York for more than a
hunùred nights, )1.
\.le\:alltlre Dumas.fil.
ha
again and again diF-cusi3èÙ on
the stagr marriage and divorce and othl'r prohkm:-: that vex mankind to-ùay.
And in
candin:l\ia Henrik Ih
en, a dramati.,t of exceeding technical skill
and abundant ethical \ i
(lr, has hrought out a :-cricl' of ùramas (many of
them successful on the stage), of which the most important i
the ., (
enga-
nere," the ,. Spectres," wherein he considers with awful 11101'.11 force the doc-
trine of hen'dity, }H'oying hy example that the sins of the father:, are' iðited
on the children. "
ith inl'tance
like thcðe ill our memorie
, we may suggest
that the literary dcficiencies of the ùrama arc not in the form, but in the in-
eXl,ertness or inertne::,s of the ùramati
ts of the da\', There are few of the
corner-stone facts of human life, anù there art Ilone
f the crucible-tried }Jas-
90
ROBERT GRANT.
[18Gl-88
sions of human cbaracter, which the drama cannot discuss quite as well a8 the
novel.
Indeed, the drama is reallv the noblest form of literature, because it is the
most direct. It cans forth the highest of literary facultics in the highest de-
gree-the creat.ion of character, standing firm on its own feet. amI speaking
for itself, The persons in a play must be and do, and the spectator must see
what he is, and what he does, and why. There is no narrator standing by to
act as chorus, and there neeùs none. If the dramatist knows his trade, if he
has the gift of the horn playwright, if hÜ; play is wdl made, then there is
no can for explanation or analysis, no nCée::;
ity of di::,;:,ecting or refining, no
demand for comment or sermon, no desirc that anyone palliatc or denounce
what all have seen. Action
speak louder than worth:. That this lIirect dra-
matic method is fine cnough for the mo
t ahstruse intellcctual self-question-
ing when the subject calls for this, and that in the mighty hand of genius it
is capahle of throwing light iu the darkest corners anù crannies of the tortured
and tortuous human soul, ought not to he denied by anyone who may have
seen on the t:tage the .. <Edipus" of Sophocles, the ,. Hamlet" of Shake-
speare, the ., )lisanthrope" of )Iolière, or the .. Faust" of Goethe.
lSobcrt <I5rant.
BORN in Boston, )Ias"., 1852.
OXE GIRL UF TI1E PEHIOD.
[The Knave of Head.<i. 1:-;
(j.]
" I DON'T know what I shall do without you, Blanche," said the :-:lim
young lady.
" You mur-:t write to me, Emily, vcry often, ..
The porter bad placed the l)3g,
whic1; I noticed was marked with the lptters
B. L., beside the ,'acant chair across the aisle; and as the ladies were grouped
in ycry close quarters I delicately left my
eat. with the hope that one of them
would occupy it until the dejJarture of the train.
\.t this moment I observed
Emily, under whose demure air a spice of mischief lurked, whisper something
to her friend, who blushed and tittered ðlightly.
., "
hat nonsense, Emily! He won't do anything of the kind."
" You just wait and ðce, ilear. "
The spcuker pressed her face againf.:t the window-pane, as if she expected
to catch a glimp:::e of some one outside. Blanche stood at her elbow. and tried,
by giggling protestations, to interrupt this action, though I fancied she was
far from displeased thereby.
I wandered out to the platform of thc car and lighted a cigarette. After a
few pensive PUfÌð I drew from my pocket a small note-book, the virgin page
of which r inscribcù as follows:
1861-88]
ROBERT GRANT.
91
x o. 1. Blanche L-.
Hesitlence, X ew York (probahly).
Blonde; superb physique; fine animal spirits; giggles.
_lIemorallda.
Ha
been visiting in Boston and ha:-: received attentions. Expects admirer at depot. 'Vill
lJe di:-:appointetl if he does not bring flowers.
Yprh. sap.
Alighting from the car, I began to walk up and down with my bands be-
hind my back. A few minutes must still elapse before the departure of the
train. Just then I saw a window open and Emily's delicate face peep out ex-
pectantly. I could almost feel the ðympathetic squeeze of the hand she doubt-
le:-:; gaf"e Blanche, who leaned upon her shoulder. They plainly were begin-
ning to fear that the tardy admirer was not coming. But I was by no means
of their opinion. I felt certain 1](. would arrive. In all probability the florist
had disappointed him, and he was ransacking the town for roses.
The gate through which passen6er
obtaineù admi
sion to the train was in
the rear of the last car, and practically out of raHge from the Pullman. I
sauntered thither. A. queue ûf people filed past me with movements of haste.
It lacked but two minutes of the hour. r stepped beyond the wicket into the
arca of the depot. All was confn
ion. Passengers were scurrying hither and
thi ther, for there were several other trains in process of arri val and departure.
I looked searchingly among the crowd, but there was no sign of the mi8:-:ing
youth.
A bell in the office struck warningly. I stood with my watch in hand.
Blanche was right. He was not coming. And yet i'uch de]iberate desertion
struck me as so inartistic as to render me incredulous even at thi:; late moment.
As I replaced my watch in my fob I perceived a figure describing a rapid
course through the crowd in the station. Bv the fashionable cut of his clothes
and the gree
1 pasteboard box he carried:I recognized the tartly lover. I
started toward him with some impetuo
ity and we came into collision.
" I beg your pardon, sir!" I excJaimed, with the courtesy at Illy command
011 all occasions.
The young man, who was almost breathless with hurry, looked as if he
codd have strangled me on the spot, but with the self-control of gooù breed-
ing swallowed hi:s wrath. and
omewhat fiercely demanded which wa
the
X ew York train,
"It is there," I cried, pointing to one at the opposite corner of the platform.
He f'l'cd like a deer in the direction indicated, and I just had time to pass
through the wicket before it closed sharply. I ran forward and caugbt the
railing of my car, which wað a]ready in motion. The buxom Blanche ::itood
upon the platform ,ntving her handkerchicf to her two friends, who foUowed
the ad vancing train with similar snowy signals of farewelL There was a rue-
ful expre:-:sion npon the face of Mi
s Emily, as if she harbored sympathy for
tbe other's di
appointment. rrhe victim looked back smilingly, however.
" Be sure and write soon."
"Yes, dear; and I'm certain there's some mi:-:ta1..e," cried Emily, throw-
ing a ki:::s a:; a last greetiug. .
93
ROBERT GRA...YT.
[1861-88
I took my seat, and for nearly an hour interested myself by looking out at
the scenery. The fortunate course of eT"euts had swathed my soul in a sort of
glamour, so that the houses and fields and hills and valleys flying past iu swift
succession served as a oackground for the play of my imagination. I founù
an exquisite plcasure in giving the rein to fancy, and indulging in that adu-
lation of feminality frequent with me even when propinquity furnished no
cause; for I had e\"er cherishcd an ideal in regard to the gentler sex. I had a
limitless faith in woman, and yearned to encounter the spirit in who
e com-
panionship my every aspiration would find contcnt.
Here she was perhaps closc at hand. I stoIc a glance at my neighbor across
the aisle, who was sitting twirling the fringe of her sack with a thoughtful
air, The memory of her sibilant giggle haunted my ear as the rhythm of a
cool mountain brook recalled in the pa
sage8 of a fevcr. She was a splendid
piece of flesh and blood, whom a pensive brow no more became than a dull
sky the laughing stream. A wealth of curling tow-colored hair floweù from
under the arch of her bonnet, and dimples nestled in the curves of hcr fresh-
hued cheeks. Instinct told me that the lifc which even now bubbled upon
the margin of those red lips would soon reaðsert Ït:-;elf and dissipate her dis-
appointment. Take vitality and pique together, and you will havc tbe nutte-
rial for a runaway.
I was in the course of transferring this epigram to my note-book when the
news-agent pas
ed tln-ough thc car with a collection of the literature of the
day. I stealthily took note that thc two nowls hc placed upon thc lap of my
fair com panion bore severally the titles
f "Truc to the Last" and" A Lass
of Spirit. ,. She examined the first of these with a pensive interest, but, though
she
ighed oncc or twice in the course of turning the pages, she ended by se-
lecting thc other.
There is an old adage in rcgard to the danger of letting a hot iron cool.
which came to my mind nt this juncture. I felt the necessity of lJestilTing
lll
':-:elf inRtalltly, The delicacy of my nature had prompted me to leave
Blanche to hcr own reflections until now, but I must confess I hegan to fear
that in my consideration for her feelings I might have prejudiced my own ill-
terests. Her recovery from her discomfiture had bcen morc rapid than my
estimate of feminine character gave me reason to expect. The wounù not
olll.y had time to smart, but to begin to heal.
An opportunity was not long lacking. The volume purchased proved to
be one thc pages of which were uncut, and as she was wavering lJetween the
alternatiye of employing her index finger and laying the book aside, I hast-
eucd to offer her an ivory paper-cutter which belonged to my travelling-hag.
It was
t plain but tasteful affair, with my monogram blazoned upon the
handle.
She expressed her thanks by a smiling but ladylike inc1inatioll of the head:
and I noticed, as she made use of the instrument, a faint blush suffuse her
cheek and crcep upward to the roots of her hair.
A. quarter of an hour later I aided her to raise a window \vhich resisted her
(as I decided) half-hearted pre::5:,ure, and when the train stopped ten minutes
for refreshments, asked her to permit me to get hcr something to eat. lIer
18Gl-88]
ROBERT GRAXT.
93
refnsal was eXr'ected, for I felt morally certain tbat her reticule contained a
supply of sandwif'hel'; but the opportunity was not one to be neglected.
X or was I mi
taken, for when we emerged from the dimness of the way-
station she produced a packet of chicken and bread wrapped in a snowy doily.
I was not conscious of hinting, by any expression of countenance, a de::::ire to
share her repast, lmt perlmp8 it was my having 110 luncheon of my own that
led her to ask timidly if I would not take a sandwich.
\.fter proper hesita-
tion I accepted her offer, and the opportune removal to the smoking-car of a
gentleman who occupied the chair next to hers gave me a chance to establish
mYSelf at her side and venture a few remarks.
Olir conversation wa::: nece
ëarily very formal for the first few minute:" but
the discovery of mutual friends in both X ew York and Boston broke the ice
and established a bond of sympathy between us. The enthusiasm of her man-
ner completC'ly charmed me, and ëhe madC' use of very extr:1Yagant 3djectives
to express batisfaction regarclin,!! trivial matters.
I was altogether happy. She appeared to me the most fascinating person
I had ever met. Her fresh bC'auty filled me with admiration, for under the
influence of excitement her {'yes seemed lahes of liquid blue. I tried m,v hest
to be agreeablc, and htH-ing come to the conclusion that she preferred to
laugh, drew largely on my stock of stories and witticisms. ,rheneyer I es-
sayed any topic of a more serious nature a
ort of embarra...::-,ment clothed her
strict attention, as if implying that my quasi pedantry was alarming. In re-
sponse to queriC's regarding her opinions on the Iri
h que:-:tion and a recent
puhlication. she responded, ,. Oh, yes," and became unnaturally gl':n"e.
Clearly she woulù consiùer me very uninteresting were I to continue in this
fashion.
So, when I had come to thc end of the tales and conundrums at my com-
malHI, I showed her one or two tricks with coins that could be performed
without attracting too much attention in the car, She was sure ðhe could
imitate them, and her fruitless efforts at succe
s kept us in continuous mirth.
I propounded to her that venerahle query the answer to which is " the little
boy lied," and wa::; amply rewarded for my pains, since it appeal('d extraonli-
narily to hcr ri:-:ibility, thou
h she declared with a shake of her shoulùers. by
way of feigned anger, that I was" awfully unkind" to make sport of her.
The innocent device of knotting my handkerchief until it bore some resem-
hlance to a rabbit. and causing it to jump spasmodically in imitation of that
creature, fairly convubed m:y lovely companion, and stren
thened onr frip11<l-
ship. The strictl.,- iml'er
onal. however, does not long satisfy any woman.
o my nahU'
d iu!'tinct warned me, ana T turned by degrees the course of eou-
versation into a more interesting channel. A few direct and sim p]e <]ue;o:tion
were nece:o::-:ary for the acquirement of one or two fads in regartl to hers(:1f,
but I avoided abandoning more than momentarily the jester's part. Any-
thing in the nature of ahstract discns:,ion, which I kncw to be an arti
tic and
convenient yeil for
entiment, wouh1. in the case of Blanche, be out of place.
Badinage was the only .1\ ailable metllOtI of p
lying trihll te to her fascinations
or in terestillg her in one's own.
I found tbat compliments, when couched in a not tou :serious tone of voice,
94
ROBERT GRAXT.
[1861-88
pleased bel' greatly. The more delicate ones were not so effective as those
easily understood, She pretended to think these laudatory speeches very ridic-
ulous, and accused me of being foolish. Leaning slightly o,er the back of
her chair, I would whisper some still more extravagant bit of flattery as a re-
ply, to be greeted very likely with a declaration that she would have nothing
more to do with me. By way of carrying out her threat she would look fixedly
in the opposite direction.
")Iiss Lombard," said I (I had disco,ered her llame to be Blanche Lom-
bard), "do you dot your eyes? "
IJ query concealed a society inanit
I had heard exploded not long before.
Her head was turned the other way, and !'he seemed deaf to my utterance.
"At least you might answer a civil question, .. I continued.
There was no response. I thought I could detect a muffled giggle.
" You make a great mistake if you do, for they are capital eyes."
" How absurd! "-hat nonsense you do talk! "
She looked still more fixedly away from me, and twisted her shoulders so
as to eJ.clllde all view of her face.
,. But it is true, )Iiss Lom hard. I am only speaking the truth. If you do
not belie\"e me, judge for yourself. Here iR the opportunity." So saying. I
òrew from my pocket one of those round, flat pin-cushions carried by men,
the back of which contained a mirror.
he turned her head a little in hcr cl.lrio:3Ïty to see what this was, but im-
mediately looked the other wa
T again. 'Yhile in this position she put out her
haud suddenly and took the pin-cushion from me.
,. Philopena!" I cried.
'Ye had formed an agreement not five minutes before that whoever of us
should first recein} anything from the hand of the other should pay a forfeit.
In the event of my losing, her prize was to be fhe pounds of bonbons. If I
won, she was to make me a tobacco-pouch.
The moment I uttered the fatal word Blanche made an exclamation that
would doubtless have been a little shriek had the surroundings permitted,
" Oh ! ,. she cried, with an indignant writhe of her whole figure, "you hor-
rid thing! I never will spf'ak to you again."
The excitement of her manner, which found a partial vent in the inten
ity
of these expressionð, caused me a thrill of sweet satisfaction. t;he seemed to
me positively all angel, and I was conscious that the epithet, "you horrid
thing, " embodied the highest note in her gamut. The quintes
ellce of enrap-
tured vitality wa.:; condensed thercin, and I was the fortunate being who had
evoked it.
From this culmination of the climax the converf.1ation grad ually declined
in interest, and I shortly ha(1 the tact to withdraw ana leave my companion
to her own meditations. I sought the smoking-c
H, and, lIghting another
cigarette, gave myself up to a revery which would have been wholly delicious
but for the lurking doubt as to my chances for success. I aid not question
that I had made an impres;:;ion on my fellow-trm"cller: but would she regard
me :IS other than a mere incident of the journcy, a transient influence, whieh
would cease to operate u pOll the morrow? "
a
he still free, or were there a
1861-88]
ESTHER BERNON CARPENTER.
95
score of lovers at her feet? "
hat was the true footing upon which the swain
stood whose flowers I had so latel) anticipated? He might, for aught I could
tell, be on the eve of conque::;t, and I the plaything of an hour. I lovell-I
realized the condition well-deeply and passionately, and all the tortures of
a doubting ðpirit were mine. In the fulness of my infatuation I drew out my
note-bouk once more and wrote as follows:
" rou lLOrrÙl thing! I Jweer
()ill òpeak to you again."
This shibboleth, stiU pregnant with the tim bre of her voice, floated through
the chambers of mv urain.
As I completed tIle last word, I percein'd that we had almost reached our
de::;tination. I returned to )Ii::;s Lombard's side in time to take charge of her
wraps, and before consigning her to the care of her father, a florid, full-faced
man with mutton-chop whiskers, who was waiting her arrival at the depot, I
had obtained her permi::58iun to call. In truth, she declared she would never
forgive me if I did not.
(lè
tlJrr Vernon <Carpcntcr.
BORX in ". akefield, R. I.
EYEXIXG )IEETIXG AT rXCLE 'SIAS'S.
[South-Crnmty X"ighbo1"s. 188,.]
^ T the height of the melody a newly arrived group of women attracted the
....Li. hospitable attention of Uncle 'SiaR.
" This way," he hoarsely whispereù, hC'ckoning from the door of the parlor-
bedroom to the sisters, who evidently coulù see but littJe beyond the rauge ot
their imprisoning sunhonnets; and as they hesitated at noticing the seated
occupants of the room, he addC'd, explanatorily, "seats on the edge 0' the
bcd," This sOlllnolent invitation was grateful1y accepted, and the log-cahin
sunbonnets tiled in, and took up their places among the stuffy pillows, just as
the singers in the outer room were raising the tune-
.. Shell I be kerried toe the skies
On flO\H>ry hed..; of ea,.:e ?..
The hed had not been unoccupied through the evening. For twenty years,
or for half her life, it had hcen the habitat of Uncle 'Sias's unhappy daugh-
ter, Luce. Jilted. or, as her people said. .. :-;habherl. " by the young nlan whom
she was to haye married, she neyer held up her head again after the shock of
thi:-; mÜ:fortulle, anll took her bcd, which she had nen'r 8ince left,-liying
there" as if it belongpd to hcr organism," and finally sinking into such a hap-
less state that for )'c 1 a1'8 pa8t her mental ouituary might ha\"e heen read in that
line of the thoughtful pod of rustic life-
.. :-;he :,low 1y withered, fill imheeile mind."
Bv one of those coincidences that cease to surprise us by the time that miù-
96
ESTHER BERNON GARPE.1YTER,
[lb61-88
cUe age has shown us how often they recur in obedience to some mysterious
law, the company of that night happened to include another of the wcak-
hearted cravens in life's warfare-a man of mature years, who had never
Leen heard to speak since the blow fell that crushed the pride, the hope:-:, and
the affections of his early manhood. No force of entreaties, taunts, or pro-
vocations could drag him from the refuge of silence, which he had sought
with a sternness of p
rpose that, like the ,;oman's pitiful cowering away fl:
m
human eyes, testified to the narrow conditions and imperfect development of
lives that went to wreck in the first storm of disaster by which they were
overtaken.
The meeting was conducted in the usual way. rnw customary appeals were
made from the leaders to the more timid sisters, and to the young convertð,
to ri::;e and speak; and the responses from each class were, in most instances,
of an inaudible brevity. The maturer standard-bearers rose and deli,-ered the
set speeches with which they always graced these occasions; their se,-eral
styles being marked by the repetition of certain texts to which they had ac-
quired a well-defined right-sacretl quotations that. as was said of Emerson's
prose" 'tis," became almost a personal possession. For instance, the trade-
lllark distinguishing Aunt Rooty, the gatherer and compounder of :-:imples,
the ::\Iedea of savory and medicinal drinks, was the text, "Oh, taste and see
how good the J
urd is!" which she dwelt upon ","ith a sort of professional unc-
tion, as though she were offering some ptisan of sovereign virtue. .And JIiss
Experience, or 'Speedy Goodspeed, kno"Wn for her painful and halting utter-
ance, never failed to '" ind up her renUlrks with the query, ,. "
hat
hall he
done unto thee, 0 thou false tongue ?" Then there mlS the usuallJ1.ust of
gratitude frum the "skiuching" or mis{'rly Deaeon Handy, who piously
thanked the Lord that he had been saved from dead work
, and whose hopes
of justification must indeed, according to the testimony of his neighhor
,
have rested upon faith alone. The usual clement of comedy was furnished
by the flighty speaker, a
ister of infirm wits but pious intentions, much
given to raising her voice in a high, cracked tone, and detailing her dUIlll'stic
trials with injudicious frankness, closing with the al'plieation of her favorite
"yarse ,. to her hou:-:e-mates, " And fhe of them were foolish." Her example
encouraged "Eelly Dick, " the feeble-mintled panper, whose uoard the town
haù let out to Uncle 'Sias as the lowest bidder, to make his first appearance
on any religions platform-getting slightly astray in his attempted citatioll,
,. .A woman took a maysure of oil, and hid it in a manmre of wheat. until the
whole was lcarened," but meeting the Ehler's frown' with a manly ilH1epend-
ence, by the declaration, "I may not repeat it as verùatim as sume, lmt it is
not for this one, nor that one, nor the other OlJe to say what I shall say in the
great congregation! " ThE' Eld{'r urged, warned, and exhorted, addn'ðsillg
the doubters and inquirers, reminding them that Satan desired to have them,
and was there among them; that the spiritual eye might plainly diðcerll him
right down there by the stove; and that all concerned should make haste to
leave so dangerous a vicinity for the haven of the anxioll
-seat3. A pause en-
sued, of appalling length, after which
t sister rosp. and with the pious inten-
tion of rubùing in the Elùer's per:masions, quoted hcr uwn experience at a
1861-88]
ESTHER BERNON CARPENTER.
97
similar crisis, when she" felt as if glue couldn't begin to hold her down half
80 fast as Satan did; but she broke away from all her bad feelings, and got up
and spoke, and felt quite a good deal better for spiting old Satan. "
Perhaps these appeals might have met with the desired response if the at-
tention of the young people had not been divided between ghostly warnings
and skyey threatenings. The rain, which had been so long gathering in force,
was now preluded by keen flashes of lightning and ominous mutterings of
thunder. Seeing tbat no movement was made by the objects of the recent e"\:-
bortations, Uncle 'Sias rose, just to oecupythe time, as he explained. "Alas,
alas," he began, with his bighest aim at a con ventional style, "there was a
time of blessed news, when the Lord did nuu'vcls amongst us, and we should
rejïce, yea, and did rej'ice. But, alas, the gold is become dim, and tbe mO:5t
fine gold is cbanged. Although I hope the' is some movings on the minds of
some few, yit the saints air not so zeelous f'r the Lord's cause an' the good 0'
souls ez they was in times pa:5t. Sin doth greedily abound amongst us, and
the love of many waxes cold, for which the Lord is angered with a great anger.
K ow is plantin' time, in a worldly way o' spcakin', but ef we fare ez we de-
sarve, what sorter harvest shell we hev? Brethring, it'll be ez it was in times
I knowed when I lived up to \Vestfield, on "ldder Bacon's farm, when the
Lord sent his armies 0' worms to cut off the fruits 0' the airt,h. Thet season
it come 'round so thet theyez expected fifty bushels didn't get sea 'eely one.
Seth Beebe was one of our gret farmerI'; up thet way, He sowed fo'teen acres 0'
new ground, an' antici pated on a grct crop. "
al, he ploughed it up, an' planted
it with corn. Oh, thet we, ez a people, rememuerin' these jedgments 0' times
past, should heware lest they be let loose in the land agin. Oh, my young
frien's, we'm all a lookin' tcr you. Oh, think 0' the famine in Egypt; think 0'
the plagues 0' the land; think 0' the good-will 0' the Imrnin' bush; think"-
But here the worthy man's words were Im:t in the fierce rush of the gust,
the roll of the thunder, and the maddened lashing of the rain. Hysterical
women, whose twi tching shoulders and quivering chins had for the last quar-
ter of an hour betrayed their nervous agitation, covered their face:' before the
blue, blinding lights that glared pitiles:;:ly in at the great uncurtained win-
dows of the old farmhouse, and sobbed in the abject misery of terror. Stout-
hearted Aunt Freelove was heard declaring, "Kind of an onsensonable sorter
thunder-tempe:;:t, but I gness I c'n weather it tell the sullnr walls ketches
fire." But Brandywine Spears, who hall hithcrto sat in the seat of ill(' scorn-
ers, beside the open house door, now hastily joined the inner circle, a pallill
and crestfallen
Iephistophele
, :lð the racking peals f'hook the giant timbers
of the room, and the furious beating of the rain on the roof was like the tramp
of a charging ho
t, while a l.mg, lurid dazzle, a roar that seemed to fill the
sky, and the sickening
onl)(l of a rending, tearing concussion proclaimed
that one of the trees of the surrounding forest had fallen. 5uddenl.r, at this
crisis of awe, the mood of the people passcd at once from the ecstasy of fear to
the ecstasy of devotion; a change effected by the sign and voice of one among
thC'm who now as::5umed the place of a leader. At the signal of this strange,
tall hermit figure, known as the solitary d welJer in the centre of the haunted
Carr's Plain, they rose by one impulse to their feet, and poured out tlwir
YOLo XI.-7
98
ESTHER BERXON CARPENTER.
[1861-88
swelling hearts in a wild burst of sacred song, their voices mounting high in
the passionate cry of the triumphant refrain-
"Oh. )Io:,('s smote the waters,
And the seas gaYe way! "
With the singing of the hymn the tempest
omewhat abated, as if to the
clang of melliæval bells. Angry black clouds still rose fast from the ocean,
but the lightning glanced harmlessly through the protecting veil of faHing
waters, and the house seemed an ark of safety in the midst of the raging
floods. All looks now turned upon the new guide of the evening's devotions,
as he remained standing in his place, with the abstracted look of a solitary,
and yet as if charged with the hurden of a worù that must make its way to
utterance! Unknown and ahwJ
t natlleless as he was to the listening crowd,
there was a power in hi;:; prc::;ellcl', in the suggestions of his emaciated COUll-
tenance and the spectral glitter of his eye, which pointed to a reaHty in the'
vague hackgroullll of rumor which had gi,-en him, at his coming to live in
their community, the repute of a se'er of strange visions, and of a fearless host
to such ghostly visitants as the inhabitants of the haunted territory which he
had chosen to make his dwelling-place'. But if a F:uspicion of something un-
hal!owed had at first clung to his my
terious personalit
.., it disappeared with
that fuller knowledge of his brooding e'nthusiasm, his meditative insight.
and his recondite learning which had gained him his common title of" The
Preacher," though his voice had llever yet been heard in these seasons of wor-
ship. A 10nc1y settler in strange placês, like the spiritual fathers of Rhode
Island-Williams, Blackstone, and Gorton-it was rumored that he, too,
claimed to be a witness to a special interpretation of sacred truths, and, like
those historic pioneers, had been :::eparated by the stress of conflicting opin-
ions from his earlier associates, or, as
t was more darkly hinted, had, at the
Divine pleasure, as made known to him in a dream, left home and family and
friends to dedicate himself to the contemplative life.
Such were the confused ideas prevailing among the congregation concern-
ing the strange recluse who now
poke to them, wearing a far-away, intro-
verted look, which presently quickened and glowed, as his low allllquiet tUlle'S
grew in intensity with the development of his theme.
"It is written, .. he said, without preamble or address, "in the 'Y ord of
God that in the last days He will pour out his spirit upon his f'ervants and
handmaidens. and old men shaH dream dreams, and young men shall see
-visions. I had lJeen writing a letter to a friend at a distance, and being weak
and feehle, I lay down on my bed, with my face toward the wall, to take re-
pose, and soon fell into a sound sleep. )Iethough t I cast my eyes toward
heaven, and sa,,- the blue ,-ault of heaven split asunder, through which, I
thought, I saw a stream of light and love proceeding from the thronc of God,
clear as crystal. As the rays of the sun in the firmament, at its fir:ìt rising,
shine into a door or window, so that the stream through the whole h011:-,e will
be lighter than anywhere eb;e, so the whole stream of light from heaven to
where I stood shined with light and love."
The storlll was sub::5Ïding, anJ the flashes of Jightningwere few and clistant
1861-88]
ESTHER BERNON CARPE.LYTER.
99
faintly illuminating the horizon. The dreaming glances of the speaker wan-
dered out upon the night, and returned kindled with a deeper Jight, as he
offered a newly-suggested image to his rapt listeners.
.. Ne,-er did I see anything so straight, and on either side the stream was
decked with thousands of little rays of light, all pointing one way, eyen toward
heaven. I thought that every drop of light and lo,-e that God bestows is to be
l'eturned to him again; and while I stood wondering at the sight, I thought
I saw the fiery chariot of God's love come through the gap that was in the
nmlt, coming through tbe midst of the stream, a hundred times swifter than
I ever saw an cagle fly. I thought it was all oyer glorious, and in color like to
a rainbow, and was carried on wings of love. In a few momcnts it was just Ly
where I stood, anti turned short about, with the fire part toward heayen, and
rested on its wing
, keeping its wings in a slow motion to bear it up, and wait-
ing for me to come in. I thought my soul was transported; I thought I stood
with my heart anti hanù::; extendetl to heaven. crying, Glory, glory in the
highest! and just as I was about to mount into the chariot I turned to a great
multitude, crying, Glory, glory, I am going to glory in the fiery chariot of
hið love! and with these words on my lips I awoke out of sleep. Oh, cried I,
in tears, that I had been suffered to take m
flight
Oh, thought I, in the
bitter disappointment of those waking moment..., if one viewof glory ancllO\e
will fill a soul with such joy, even in a dream, what will the open vision and
full fruition he in glory?"
The preacher's yoice hroke and failed. the light died out of his wan face,
his Dantean vision was told, his nlission was ended. The message that he had
deli rereel was il] a tone of fervor and power so far above the usual spiritual
ministrations received by the flock that a confuseù sense of wonder Eat upon
all tho faces, But the Eltier, or exhorter of the evening, catching something
of the enthusiast's emotion, dismissed them with the genuine dignity of a
pastoral guide.
" Brethren, " sait! he, "our brother has spoke to us in the word of power.
As we go to our home:-:, and lay us òown to rest, let us meditate well there-
npon; and let each one commune with his own heart. and be still. "
\nd he
gave, and the congregation received, a blesðing, with a new sense of reverence,
A:; the people disappeared OIl their homeward ways tlH' sky was f'till ob-
scured by drifting fog, through which glimpses of the clear hea\-en:::. set with
star-points, promi:::ed a further April challge to fair weather. But the atmos-
phere of storm alld cloud and mist ha
ever ::;ince hung so heavily over the
story of that night that it has finally corne to wear the shadowy shape of a
legend of the South County,
100
CHARLES HOWARD SHINN.
[1861-88
Qt1)arleø
o\tJartJ
lJíuu.
BORN ill Austin, Texas, 1
52.
TRE BCILDIXG OF _\R_\CH
E.
[Contributed to Tile Argonaut. 188D. J
A CITY OF THE FUTrRE.
I N the year 2029 tbe leading Vanderbilt of his time came into his fortune.
He had received a remarkable education, and one which the nineteenth
century would haye considered impossible. 'Yithout going into details, young
Yanderòilt was evenly developed-physically, mentally and morally. lIe had
been so educated that he found happiness in the full and constant use of his
money and his brains for the good ofhumanity. But hewas preëminentlyprac-
tical-a purified and perfected type of one of the industrial kings of the nine-
teenth century. He lived in a cottage in the hills. and he thought out his
plans in long walks under hið trE'es. He was the richest man in America, and
yet he bad as much freedom as any plain farmer. To sum it all up, he had be-
come, without knowing it. the most unsclfish, and at the same time the most
patient and persistent of living men.
The friends he had were not numerous, but each one of them was capahle
of great things. And be and bis wife u'hderi'tootl each other in that complete
way which happens once in a thousand or so. Remembei', I am not trying to
tell you how it all came about, because that would make a volume. Briefly,
Vanderbilt wished to build a city, more pleasant and better to live in than any
the world had yet seen. He wanted to see whether such a city could be estab-
lished under new conditions of social and indnstriallife, and in such a way
that the enormous capital he proposed to invest could be restored unilllpaire
l
at the end of a term of veal's.
The site which was
hosen for the city of Arachne was in a sheltered and
fertile part of tbe great 'Talley-plain of California which extends from Shasta
to Tehacbapi. The floor of the valley at this point was a sloping plain, look-
ing west, with tree-clad foothills east, and hundreds of great oaks scattered
here and there, like the alJcestral oaks in the heart of England. The region
WitS chiefly occupied by large wheat farms. Yallderbilt was ablc to purchase,
through agents, a tract of land nearly twenty miles square. Then he sent for
his engineers,
" 'Yhat I want," he said, "is a city capable of indefinite extension. The
]11an is to be based on the weh of the geometric spider. Streets, sewerage,
water, light, transportation, and the other requirements of this "Gtopia are to
be perfecteù as far as the science of the day will permit."
The engineers made their rcport. It was a wonderful situation, they saill.
There was natural gas underlying the valley; water could be brought from
the Rierras; railroads from all parts of the continent could centrc in the
heart of the city; commerce could occupy miles of wharves-if only people
chose to come and live in Arachne.
1861-88]
CHARLES HOWARD SHINN.
101
Then Vanderbiltsellt for several great landscape-gardeners to work with the
engineers, and he and his wife went with them over the vaHey, the golden
foothills, and the sea-green tule lowlands by the sloughs. As the work went
on, so broad and beautiful were the plans developed, so magnificent the scale
of operations, that the interest of the country was aroused, and many persons
wished to buy and live in the as yet unbllilt city; but the reply sent out was:
"Not yet; wait until we arc ready."
The landscape-gardeners said: "",Vith this soil and climate every home can
have itð garden and every street can be an a\emle of shade and fragrance. All
the trees of the temperate zones, and many of the tropics, can thrive here, so
we will have no street less 1 han a hundred feet wide. and some of our great
avenues shall even be a hundred and fifty feet across, and planted with date-
])al1118 and magnolias, for twenty miles into the country. 'Ve shaU layout
}mblic squares on every street, and two great parks, onc on the lowlands by the
river, another on the foothills which look down on the city. ",Ve shall so nr-
lounge our squares as to preserve the best of the oaks, sycamores, and other trees
of the valley. And, when the city is built, one of its officers shall be a city for-
ester, educated and efficient, to preserve and develop aU this beauty of streets,
squares, and parks." And that winter they planted miles of a,enues and hun-
dreds of acres of forests. rrhere were four hundred p.pecimcns of deciduous
trees, forty-eight species of broad-leaved evergreens, and one hundred of con-
ifers chosen to plant on the streets; some streets had one row of trees down
the centre, others had two rows near the sidewalks. The great parks were
to he not only pleasure-grounds, but also arboretums. A belt of forest, a mile
witIe, across the valley, was planted to protect the city from the occasioual
northers.
The engineers arranged to lHtve all the sewers of the city unite at the edge
of a tule marsh, by the river, five miles beyond the city's possible extension,
and there their contents were to be heated in vast furnaces, dried, ground to
l)owder, and soJd for fertilizers to farmers the world over. They arranged for
water and natural gas for cooking and lighting, to be piped into every hon:;;e,
free to the consumer. l..'hey arranged for cahle-cars 11P and down every street
and avenue, alllllfinfiged by onc system. They laid out the city so that ev.ery
lot. hegides fronting on a street, raIl back to a t"Tenty-five-foot alley, aUlI they
arranged fOl' à freight cable-system on aU these alleyways. They arranged for
tcleg-raph, telephone, and phonograph connection::; throughout the entire sys-
tem, Railroad men in those days had come to run cars without smoke or
noise, by eJectricity, and it was easy to arrange for thc approach of all trains
by two hroad, sunken avenues, one north, the other south, o'er which the
I'treets crossed. These avenues led to the ccntre of the city, where a union de-
IJot. the great public buildingH, and the OffiCCð of all the departments of pu blic
work::; were situated.
It would be too long a story to explain further the physical details of the
system of organization, in which beauty and utility were joined in perfect
union. 'Yhen the time came, there appeared one morning in every newspa-
per in the United States an announcement:
h Lots for sale in ...\rachne, to actual ðettlers. Two hundred alId fifty lllil-
lO
CIlARLES HOWARD SHINN.
[1861-88""
lion dollars ha\e already been invested here, and sales will be so conducted as
merely to restore this capital intact, at the end of twenty } ears, to the origi-
nal investor. The object of this experiment i
not money-making. Those
who ca.nnot read anù write had better not come to Arachne, as the charter
which it is hoped will be adopted does not allow such to vote at city elections.
Copies of the proposed charter mailed to all applicants. "
\Vithin a year Arachne was a city. Vandm'bilt and his friends succeeded
in obtaining their charter, which could not be altered except by a three-
fourths vote of the citizens. This charter was the most important part of
Arachne, and so I will give a synopsis of some of its provisions, As Yander-
bilt stated, at the public meetings of the twenty or thirty thousand voters who
finally adopted it, almost as it was written: "It is intended, in this charter.'
to give intelligence, thrift, and honesty the controlling power in Arachne.
Some things the people can do unitedly: some must forever be left to the in-
dividual. Arachne will probably contain both rich and poor, weak and strong,
wise and foolish, to the end of time, lJut we hope it will contain less crime,
less unhappiness, and fewer failures than any other city in the world. The
charter of Arachne will suit neither nationaliðts nor silurians, but it is worth
trying, nevertheless."
The charter provided for the absolute equality of men and women before
the law, and for non-sectarian free schools in a chain from the primary grades
through the unÏYersity, with schools of the arts and industries.
Then came the qualifications for ,oters: ., City elections shall be conducted
separately from all other elections. Y oters at city elections must he ahle to
read and write, and must be freeholders owning one' unit of real estate.'
"The' unit of real estate' is a lot of fifty ff'et frontage and not less than one
hundred feet in depth, extending to a rear alley. This unit cannot be sub-
di vided, though it may be held in several undivided interests. If used for
residence, onlvone house can be built on such a lot, and it must have at least
five full feet
f space left on each side, ten feet in front, and twent
.-five feet
in the rear. If used for business, the plans of the building must conform to
the general ordinances of the board of building commissioners."
The sections relating to "qualifications of officers" were remarkably
im-
pIe: "All candidates for offices in the gift of the people shall have passed
through at least the grammar grade of the public-school system. Heads of
departments shall ha,e passed through at least the high-school grade."
The system of voting provided for wa::; unique. Voters were registere(l by
residence. Besides telephonic and phonographic apparatus, and pneumatic
tubes for receiving and sendingmail. every house contained a" voting-tube,"
connected with the city hall. At night, between the hours of 6 and 9, every
voter sent from his own house or room, to the central voting-office, his yote.'
recorded on a phonographic piece of metal, which passed at once without any
human agency into:l mechanical contrivance which counted and recorded the
entire "Vote, and preserved the cylindel'ð and tallies intact for twenty-five years.
This gigantic machine was mathematically perfect, anù had been tested in
every possible way. The entire vote of the city was announced within an hour
aftl'r the closing of the poBst The introduction of a single unregistered vote, or
1861-88]
CHARLES HO WARD SHINN,
103
of a vote from the wrong place, would cause thc machine to throw out the en-
tire yote of that house or room. Any voter' could give his number at any time
within twenty-five years, and hear his own \ote read off by the machine.
The city had printed on its ballots the names of all persons nominated by fifty
or more freeholders. The voter merely rcad off the names of those he wished
to vote for, and his phonograph recorded it. The voting-tubes and the ma-
chine were securely closed at an other times of the year except during the
three voting-hours. The regi:-;ter of the city was pO'ited, page by page, in
many promment places, for weeks uefore the election, and the city bad a
standing offer of a reward for the discovery of any fraudulent entry.
After a few years it became evident that machinery had triumphed and
hopelessly broken up all the political machines. Voters staid at home, after
dinner, long enough to vote, and then went to the theatrt:ð, libraries, or art
galleries, returning in time to hear their phonographs report the results of
the election,
The organization of the city was said by the charter "to be for the purpose
of carrying on, as cheaply and efficiently as possible, the business of the city."
The officers were expected to give their entire time to the city's service, and
all were salaried,
The head of the government was called c. the city president," answering
in some respects to the mayor, but with greater powers. He sent all nomi-
nations for heads. of certain departments to the legislative body, which con-
sisted of twenty-seven members, nine of whom were chosen once in every two
years. Thf'Y were elected not from districts, bu t at large, and were termed
" the ci ty legislature. "
The officials nominated by the president., and elected by the legislature,
were those belonging to what was termed the c, industrial group of the city
departments "-the chief forester, the sanitary engineer, the city architect,
thc chief railroad engineer, and the heads of the water supplies, the gas wells,
and the sewage furmJCes. These were all trained and educated specialists, for
each department worked up to within certain test limits of error, jU::5t as the
United States mints now do.
The heads of the '
governing gronp ,. of officers-the city attorney, the
school superintendent and director:::, the chief librarian, the head of the art
schools, the insurance, banking, and fire commissioners, head of the tax de-
partmcnt, chief of police, and similar officers-were elected by the people.
The judiciary werc twice elected, once by thc people and once by tbe presi-
dent, legislature, and other elected officcrð a::5semblcll in council on the füllow-
ing clay. Usually they ratified the choice of the people, but there were many
notable instances where they had reversed that decision. This being a veto
power required a two-thin]s vote. In that casc the people preðented new can-
didates.
Taxes were arranged on the basis of the" uni t of real estate." This unit
Was ta'{ed at a fixed rate, whether impro"Ved or unimproved. A fixed umount
of water and gas was furnished free to each honse, this amount being rated as
"ðufficient for the use of one family"; everything above this amount was
charged at cost of production. Thc scwage furnaces turned in a large annual
104
IR WI1\T RUSSELL.
[1861-88
revenue to the city. The transportation department, which included all the
freight and passenger traffic, had rates of charges fixed from time to time by
the city legislature. rrhe income from this source, added to the revenues of
the sewage department and the small fixed tax on the unit of rcnl estate, was
sufficient to pay all the expenses of the city goyernment. The cit.y had en-
abled its citizen
to e
cape most of the indirect taxes of thc citics of the nine-
teenth century, and the result was most astonishing in the tax departmcllt.
It was not necel'isary to put a dollar of tax on the great buildings, for, as the
city grew, the added transportation, at rates that le
seneù each year, paid all
the expenses.
The legislature had the right to raise the tax-rate on the unit of real eRtate,
and even to levy a graduated tax on all buildings which cost more than fh.e
thousand dollars, but this was a right which it neyer exercised. The other
sources of income were sufficient.
As Arachne grew from a population of fifty thousanù to one of half a mil-
lion, and, hefore the dose of its first century, to more than two millions. the
wÏF;dom of its founders became more and more manifest. It was a city of
homes, of health, of happine
s, Individuality had its proper play, compcti-
tion bad healthful activity, but the sense of brotherhood was cultiyated, and,
as the powers and duties of the city grew, tbe service of the city incrcased in
honor and responsibility, and the organization of public life became more
pe rfect. .
The evils of cities like London and New York never existed in ..Arachne;
there were no slums, no tenement-houses, no pestilence-haunted rookeries,
no dives and dance-cellars and saloons, fõr the spirit of the community did
not tolerate these things.
1 r\\1ín mu
ell.
BOUN ill Port Gibson, Miss., 1853. DIED in New Orleans, La., ltii!l.
TIlE BAKJO.
[Pnem8. Collective Editinn. 1888.]
G o 'way, fiddle! folks is tirccl 0' henrin' you a-squawk in'.
Keep silence fur yo' betters!-don't you heah de banjo talkm'?
Ahout de 'possum's tail she's gwine to lecter-Iadies, listen!-
About de ha'r whut isn't dar, an' why de ha'r is missin':
"Dar's gwine to be a' oberflow, " said Noah, ]ookin' so]emn-
Fur Noah tuk de "Herald," and he read de ribber colUIlln-
An' so he sot his hands to wuk a-cl'al"in' timber-patches,
An' ']owed he's gwine to builtl a boat to beat de steamah Jo,Tatclw=.
01' Noah kep' a-nailin' an' a-chippin' an' a-sawin';
An' an de wicke<.lneighbors kep' a-laugh in' an' a-pshawin';
But Noah didn't" min' 'em, knowin' whut wuz gwinc to happcn:
An' forty days an' forty nights de raill it kep' a-ùrappin'.
105
hens'es-r-
es!
tlc-
thunder rattle,
bby,
e critters,
. de bitters.
vid all de fussin',
l' cussin'.
> packet,
e rackct;
. an' bent it,
entcd.
screws an' aprin;
p'rin' ;
ing it;
: to string it ?
,
lanjo-strillgin' :
ler graces;
s.
hber min' de wedder, "-
(Ider;
d de figgers;
Ib niggcrs!
ot de slightcs' showin'
r los' 'em-
'possum!
lUle! Retter min' out;
I know you'll nn' out
11 wear dis line out
., stubbo'n hack.
cry to steal up
rccious heel up;
plough di
fieI' up,
lh. fur a fac'.
104
revenue to the ci ty. The tra
freight and passenger traffic;
the ci ty legislature. rrhe in(;
the sewage departmell t and t
sufficient to pay all the expl
abled its citizens to escape 1l1(
teellth cenb.u'J, and the resu)
It was not necel'isary to put a
city grew, the addeù trauspo.
the expenses.
The legislature had the ri
and even to levy a graduated
thousand dollars, but this w
sources of income were suffic
As Arachne grew from a p.
lion, and, before the close of
wÏF;doll1 of its founders becí
homes, of health, of ha}Jpine'
tion had healthful activity, b
as the powers and duties of tJ
honor and responsibility, ant
pe rfect.
The evils of cities like LOlJ
there were no slums, no tene
no dives and dance-cellars an
not tolerate these things.
jjt
BOUN in Port Gibson, 1\
[ Poem8.
G o 'way, fiddle! folks i!'
Keep silence fur yo' bl
About de 'possum's tail she'.
About de ha'r whut isn't da
" Dar's gwine to be a' oberfj
Fur Noah tuk de "Herald,"
An' so he sot his hands to "
An' 'lowed he's gwine to 1m
01' Noah kep' a-Dailin' an' a-
An' all de wicked neighbors
But Noah didn't'min' 'cm, h
An' forty days an' forty nigl"
1861-88]
IR Jf'11\T R úSSELL,
105
Now, Noah had done cotched a lot ob ebry sort 0' heas'es
Ob all de shows a-trabbelin', it beat 'em all to pieces!
He had a Morgan colt an' seùral head 0' Jarsey cattle-
An' druv 'em 'board de _\.rk as soon's he heCl'cd Ilc thunder rattle.
Den sech anoder fall ob rain !-it come so awful hebby,
De ribber riz imll1ejitly, an' bu
telÌ tl'OO de lebhee;
De people all wuz drownded out-'cep' Koah an' de critters,
An' men he'd hired to wuk (Ie boat
an' one to mix de bitters.
De Ark she kep' a-sailin' an' a-snilin' an' a-sailin';
De lion got his dallller up, an' like to hruk de palin';
De sarpints hissed; de painters yelled; tell, whut wid all de fussin',
Yon c't1\ln't hardly heah de mate a-ùossin' 'roun' an' cussin'.
Now, Ham, de only nigger whut wuz runnin' nn de packet,
Got lonesome in de barher-shop, an' c'u'dn't stan' de racket;
\n' so, fur to amuse he-se'f, he steamed some 'wood an' hent it,
An' SOon he had a banjo made-de fust dat wuz invented.
He wet de ledder, stretched it on; made bridge an' screws an' aprin;
An' fitted in a proper neck-'twuz berry long an' tap'rin';
He tuk some tin, an' twisted him a thimble fur to ring it;
An' den de mighty question riz: how wuz he gwine to string it ?
De 'possum had as fine a tail as dis dat 1's a-singin';
De ha'r's so long an' thick an' strong',-des fit fur banjo-stringin':
Dat nigger shavell 'em off as short as wash-day-clinner graces;
An' sorted ob 'em by de size, f'm little E's to hasses.
He strung hcr, tuned her, struck a jig,-'twuz "Nehher min' de wedder,"-
She snun' like forty-Ie ùhen bawls a-playin' all togeddel';
Some went to pattin': some to dancin' : Noah called de figgers;
An' Ham he sot an' knocked de tune, de happiest ob niggers!
Now, I'ence dat time-it's mighty strange-clerc's not 11,' slightes' showin'
01, any ha'r at all upon de 'possum's tail a-growin';
An' curi's, too, dat nigger's ways: his people neùber Ins' 'em-
Fur whar you finds de nigger-dar's de banjo an' de 'possum I
XEBL"( 'JIAnSEZZ_UL
yo-c, Nebuchadnezzah, whoa, sah!
Whar is you tryin' to go, sah?
I'd hab you fur to kuo\\, sah,
I's a-hold in' 01, de lines.
You better stop dat prancin';
Yon's pow'ful fond 01, d:mcin',
But I'll bet my yeah'b advancin'
Dat I'll cure you ob yo' shine,,;.
Look heah, mul('! B('tter min' out;
Fus' t'ing you know you'll fin' out
How quick I'll wcar dis line out
On yo' ugly, stuhbo'n !Jack.
You needn't try to
tcal up
An' lif' dat precious heel up;
You's got to plough dis fie!' up,
You has, sah, fnr a fac',
106
THO.JIAS NELSON PAGE.
[1861-88"
Dar, dat's de way to do it!
He's comin' fight down to it;
Jes' watch him ploughin' troo it!
Dis nigger ain't no fool.
Some folks dey would 'a' beat him j
Now, dat would only heat him-
I know jes' how to treat him:
You mus' J'(;((sun wid a mule.
He minds me like a nigger.
If he wuz only higger
He'd fotch a mighty figger,
He would, I tell you! Yes, sah!
:iee how he keeps a-click in' !
He's 3S gentle as a chickin,
An' nebber thinks 0' kickin'-
1rhoff, tZar.' .LYemlCluulnezzah!
Is dis heah me, or not me ?
Or is de debhil got me ?
Wuz dat a cannon shot me?
Hab I laid heah more'n a week?
Dat mule do kick amazin'!
De veast wuz sp'iled in raisin'-
But now I 'spect he's grazin'
On de oder side de creek.
N OT long ago-perhaps-not long-
)Iy soul heard no discordant tone,
For love and )'outh's sweet matin song
It hearkened to, and that alone;
But now the song is hushed,-it hears
Strange music, in a harsher key,
For every sound a dirge appears
Since Nelly died, who lived for me.
The summer of my life is past j
Eternal winter reigns instead;
ELL Y.
For how, for me, could summer last,
When she, my only rose, is dead?
Sweet Nelly! would thou couldst Le yet,.
\.s once, my day, my only light!
But thou art gone-the sun has set-
And every day, to me, is night.
Yet, be the darkness e'er so deep,
Let no more suns arise for me:
For night can soothe my heart to sleep,.
And, Nelly, then I'll dream of thee!
IJon\aø J
cløon
age.
BORN at "Oakland," Hanover Co., Va., 1853.
FUOl\I ":i\IAR::5E CflAX."
[1IIm..'1p Chrln.-In me rirginia. 1887.]
" O NE night :Marse Chun come bnek from de offis wid a telegram dat say,.
'Come at once,' so he WHZ to start nex' mawnin'. He uniform wuz all
ready, gray wi
l yallcr trimmin's, an' mine WLlZ ready too, an' he had ole mars-
tor's sword, whar do State gi' 'im in de Mexikin war; an' he trunks wuz all
packed wid ev'rything in 'em, an' my chi
t wuz packed too, an' Jim Rasher
he druv 'em over to de depo' in de waggin', an' we wuz to start llox'mawnin'
'bout light. Dis wuz 'bout de las' 0' spring, yo' know. Dat night ole missis.
1861-88]
TH01ifAS NELSOlV PAGE.
107
made :ðlarse Chan dress up in he uniform, an' he sut'n'y did look splendid,
wid he long mustache an' he wavin' hyar an' he tall figger.
"Arfter supper he come down an' sez: 'Sam, I wan' you to tek dis note an'
kyar it over to Cun'l Chahmb'lin's, an' gi' it to )liss Anne wid yo' own han's,
an' hring me wud what she sez. Don' let anyone know 'bout it, or know why
you'vc gone,' , Yes, seh,' sez I.
" Yo' see, I knowed 3IiFs Anne's maid over at ole Cuu'l Chahmb 'lin 's-dat
wuz Judy whar is my wife now-an' I knowed I could wuk it. So I tuk de
roan an' riù over, an' tied 'im down de hill in de cedars, an' I wen' 'roun' to
de back yard. 'Twuz u right blowy sort 0' night; de moon wuz jes' risin', but
de clouds wuz so big it didn' shine 'cep' th'oo a crack now an' den. I soon
foun' my gal. an' arfter tellin' her two or three lies 'bout herse'f, I got her to
go in an' ax )Iiss Anne to come to de do'. 'Vhen she come, I gi' her de note,
an' arfter a little while she bro't me anurr, an' I tole her good-by, au' she gi'
me a donar, an' I come home an' gi' de letter to
Iarse Chant He read it, an'
tole me to ha,e de hosses ready at twenty minits to twelve at de corner of (Ie
garden. An' jes' befo' dnt he come out ez ef he wuz gwine to bed. but in
tid
he come, an' we all struck out to'ds Cun'l Chahmb'lin's. 'Vhen we got mos'
to de gate, de ho
ses got sort 0' skeered, an' I see dey Wl1Z some'n or somebody
Ftan'in' jes' inside; an' )larse Chau he jump' off de sorrel an' flung me de
bridle and he walked up.
"She spoke fust ('twuz )Iiss Anne had done come out dyah to meet )Iarse
Chan), an' she sez, jes' ez cold ez a chill, '''
ell, seh, I granted your favor, I
wished to reli.eve myse'f of de obligations you placed me under a few mon ths
ago, when you made me a present of my father, whom you fust insulted an'
then pre,-ented from gittin' satisfaction.'
" :Marse Chan he didn' speak fur a minit, an' den he said: "Vho is with
you?' (Dat wuz ev'y wud.)
'" No one,' sez she; 'I came alone.'
" , )Iy God! ' sez he, 'you didn' come all through those woods by yourse Ï
at this time 0' night? '
" , Yes, I'm not afraid,' sez she. (An' heah dis nigger! I don' b'lieve she
wuz.)
"De moon come out, an' I cotch sight o. her stan'in. dyah in her white
dress, wid de cloak she had wrapped herse'f up in drapped off on de groun',
an' she didn' look like she wuz 'feared 0' nuthin'. She wuz mons'us purty ez
she stood dyah wid de green bushes behine her, an' she hed jes' a few flowers
in her breas'-right hyah-and some leaves in her sorrel hyn1'; an' de moon
come out an' shined down on her hyar an' her frock, an' 'pea red like de light
WHZ jes' stan 'in' off it ez she stood dyah lookin' at )Iarse Chan wid her head
tho'd hack, jes' like dat mawnin' when
he pahss Marse Chan in de roaù wic1-
out speakin' to 'im, an' sez to me, . Good mmvnin', Sam. '
"::\larsc Chan, he den tole her he bed come to say good-hJ to lwr, ez he WHZ
gwine 'way to de war nex' mawnin'. I WHZ watchin' on her, an' I tho't, when
Marse Chan tole her dat, she sort 0' started an' louked up at 'im like she WHZ
mighty sorry, an' 'peared like she didn' stan' quite so straight arfter date
Den Marse Chan he went on talkin' right fars' to her; an' be tole her how he
108
THOJ.lfAS :KELSON PAGE.
[1861-88
bad lo"ed her ever sence she wuz a little bit 0' baby mos', nfl' how he nuver
'memhered de time when he hedn' 'spected to marry her. He tole her it wuz
his love for her dat hed made 'im stan' fllst at school an' collige, an' hed kep'
'im good an' pure; an 'now he wuz gwìne 'way, wouldll' she let it be like 'twuz
in ole times, an' ef he come back from de war wouldn' she try to think on him
ez she use'..to do when she wuz a little guirl ?
,. )Iar
e Chan he lutd done been talkin' so serious, he hed dOlle tuk :Miss
Anne's han', an' wuz look in' down in her face like he wuz list'nin' wid his
eves.
. ,. Arfter a minit Miss Anne she said somethin', an' :\larse Chan he cotch
her urr han' an' sez:
" 'But if you love me, Anne?'
" 'Yhen he said dnt, she tu 'ned bel' head 'way from 'im, an' wait' a minit,
an' den she said-right clear:
" . But I don' love yo'.' (Jes'dem th 'ee wllds!) De wuds fan right slow-
like dirt falls out a spade on a coffin when yo\; buryin' anybody, an' sez,
'rth to uth.' )Iarse Chan he jes' let her hand dmp, an' he stiddy hisse'f
gÏnst de gatc-pos', an' he didll' speak torekly. 'Vhen he tlid speak, all he sez
wuz:
" , r mus' see you home safe.'
" I 'clar, marster, I didn' know 'twuz )Iarse Cluin's voice tell I look at '1m
right good. 'VeIl, shc wouldn' let 'im go wid her. She jes' wrap' her doak
'ronn' her shoulders, an' wen' 'long back by herse'f, wid out doin' more'n jes'
look up once at :\Iarse Chan leanin'llyah 'g'inst de gate-pos' in he sodger
cIo's, witI he eyes on de groun'. She said' Good-by' sort 0' sorf, an' .Marse
Chan, ,,"idont lookin' up, .shake han's wid her, an' she wuz done gone down
de road. Soon ez she got 'mos' 'roun' de cnrve, MarsC' Chan 1](' followed her,
keepin' under de trees so ez Hot to be seen, an' I led de hosses on down de
road behine 'im. He kep' 'long behine her ten she wuz safe in de house, an'
den he come an' got on he ho;:o,;:;, an' we all come home.
,. Kex' mawnin' we all come off to fine de army. _\.n' dey wuz a-drillin' an'
a-drillin' all 'bout for a while au' deywent'long wid all de res' 0' de army, an'
I went wid ::Uar:-:e Chan an' clean he boots, an' look arfter de tent, an' tek
keel' 0' him an' de hosses. An' l\Iarse Chan, he wan' a bit like he lV
e' to be.
He wuz so solum an' moanful all de time, at leas' 'cep' when dyah wuz gwine
to he a fight. Den he'd peat,tin' up, an' he ahvuz rode at de head 0' de com-
pany, 'cause he wuz tall; an' hit wan' Oll'y in hattles whar all hið company
wnz dat /te went, but he u
e' to yolunteer whenever de cun'l wanted anybody
to fine out any thill', an' 'twuz so dangersome he didn' like to mck one man
go no ðooner'n :.1])urr, yo' know, an' ax'd who'd yolunteer. He 'peareLl to like
to go prowlill' aroun' 'mong dem Yankees, an' he use' to tek me wid 'im when-
eyer he could. Yes, Feh, he Fut'n 'y wuz a good soc1ger! He c1i(}n' mine hul-
leh; no more 'n be did so many draps 0' rain. But I use' to be pow'flll skcel'cd
sometimes. It jes' use' to 'pear like fun to 'im, In camp he use' to be so 801'-
l'erful he'd hardly open he monf. You'd 'a' tho't he wuz seeki])', he llðed to
look so moanful; but jcs' Ie' Ïm git into danger, an' he Hðe' to be like ole times
-jolly au' laughiu' like whe]) he WHZ ahoy,
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'ti.,
1861-88]
THO..JIAS NELSON PAGE.
109
"'Yhen Cap'n Gordon got he leg shot off, dey mek :Marse Chan cap'n on
de spot, 'cause one 0' de lieutenants got kilt de same clay, an' turr one (named
)11'. Ronny) wan' no 'count, an' an de compan.v said )larse Chan wuz de man.
" _\..n' )!ar::,e Chan he wuz jes' de same. He didn' nuver mention l\lìss
Anne's name, but I knowed he wuz thinkin' on her constant. One night he
wuz settin' by de tire in camp, an' )Ir. Ronny-he wuz de secon' lieutenant
-got to talkin' 'bout ladies, an' he
ay all sorts 0' things 'hout 'em, an' I see
)Iarse Chan kinder lookin' mad; an' de liE'tltcnant mention l\Iiss Anne's
nanI('. He hed been com'tin' )Iìss .Anne 'bout de time :Jlarse Chan fit de duil
wiù her pa, an'
liss Anne lIed kicked 'im, dough he WHZ mighty rich, 'cause
he warn' nuthin' but a half-strainer, an' 'cause she like l\I.use Chan, I believe,
dough she didn'
peak to 'im; an' )lr. RonllY he got drunk, an' 'cause Cun'l
Chahmh'lin tole 'im not to come dyah no mOl'e, he got mighty mad. An'dat
evenin'I'se tellin' yo' 'bout, he wuz talkin', an' he mention' l\IissAnne's name.
I see )larse Chan tu'n he e
e 'roun' on 'im an' keep it on he face, and pres'n'y
)lr. Ronny said he wuz gwine hey sOllie fnn dyah yit. He didn' mention her
name dat timc: but he said dey. wuz all on 'em a parecel of stuck-up 'risti-
crats, an' her pa wan' no gf'nt'man anyway, an '- I don' know what he wuz
gwine say (he nuver
aid it), fur ez he got dat far l\Iarse Chan riz up an' hit
'im a crack, an' he fall like he hed been hit wid a fence-rail. He challen
;ted
)Iarse Chan to fight a duil, an' Marsp Chan he excepted de challenge, an'
ley
wuz gwine fight; but sume un 'em tole 'im )Iars(' Chan wan' gwine mek a
present 0' him to his f::un'ly, an' he got
omebody to bre'k up de duil; twan'
nuthin' dough, but he wuz 'fred to fight :Marse Chan. _\..n' purty soon he lcf'"
de comp'ny.
.. "
ell, I got one 0' de gent'mens to write Judy a letter for me, an' I tole
her [In 'Lout de fight, an' how )Iarse Chan knock )11'. Ronny over fur speakin'"
discontelOptuous 0' Cun'l Uhahmb'lin, an' I tole her how )Iarse Chan WHZ
a-dyin' fur love 0' )[iss Anne. An' Judy she gits )Iiss
\.nne to read de letter
fur her. Den )Iiss Anne :-:l1e tells her pa, an'-you mine, .Judy tells me all
dis arfterwards, an' she say when Cnn'l Chahm b'lin hear 'bout it, he WHZ ::5et-
tin' on de poach, an' he set stilI a good while, an' den he se}' tù hisse'f:
" ',r ell, he carn' he'p hein' a 'YlIig.'
"An'dcn he gits np an' walks up to l\Ii
s.Anne an' looks at her right hard;
an' l\Iiss Anne she hed doue tn'n away her haid an' wnz makin' out she "Wuz
fixin' a ro
c-bush 'g'iust de poach; an' wheu her pa kep' lookin' at her, her
face got jes' de color 0' de roses on de bush, and pre::;'n'y her pa sez:
" , Anne! '
" .An' she tu'ned ronn " all' he sez:
" 'Do yo' want 'im ?'
"An' she sez: 'Yes,' an' put her head on he shoulder an' begin to cry; an
he í'ez :
., , Well, I won' stan' between yo' no longer. "
ri te to ï m an' say so.'
" "
e (lidn' know l1uthin' 'bout dis den. \Ve wuz a-tightin' an' a-fightin
an flat time; an' come one day a letter to )'larse Chan, au' I see 'im start to
read it in his tent. an' he face hit look so {'u'ious, an' he lUlU'S trembled so I
cuul<ln' lllek out what wuz de matter wid 1m.
\n' he fo!' de letter up an' wen"
110
THOJfAS .KELSON PAGE.
[1861-88
out an' wen' way down 'hine de camp, an' stayed dyah 'bout nigh an hour.
'V ell, seh, I wuz on de lookout for 'im when he come hack, an', fo' Gord. cf
he face didn' shine like a angel's! I say to myse'f, 'Um'm! ef de glory 0'
Gord ain' done shine on 'im !' An' what yo' 'spose 'twuz?
"He tuk me wid 'im dat eyenin', an' he tell me he hed done git a letter
from Miss Anne, an' :Marðe Chan he eyes look like gre't big stars, an' he face
wuz jes' like 'twuz tlat mawnin' when de sun riz up oyer de low groun', an' I
see 'Ím stan'in' dyah wid de pi
til ill he han " lookin' at it, an' not knowin'
but what it mout he de lars' time, an' he done mek up he mine not to 13hoot
ole Cun'l Chahmb'lill fur )Iiss Anne's sake, what writ 'im de letter,
"He fol' de letter wha' was in his han' up, an' put it in he insidc pocket-
right dyah on de lef' side; an' ùen he tole me he tho't mebbe "We wuz gwine
he, some warm wuk in de nex' two or th 'ee days, an' arfter dut ef Gord
speared Ïm he'd git a leave 0' absence fur a few days, an' we'd go home,
" 'Yell, dat night de orders come, an' we an hed to git over to'dö Romney;
an' we rid all night till 'bout light; an' we halted right on a little creek, an'
we stayed dyah tin mos' breakfas' time, an' I see Mar
e Chan set down on de
groun' 'hine a bu
h an' read dat letter o,er an' over. 1 watch 'im, an' de bat-
tle wuz a-goin' on, but we hud orders to stay 'hine de hill, an' ev'y now an'
den de 1mllets would cut de limbs 0' de trees right o,er us, an' one 0' dcm big
:-:hells what goe
'_lwhar-azl'l1ar-awllflr!' would fall right 'mong u::;; but
)1ar80 Chan he didn' mine it no mo'n nuthill'! Den it 'peared to git closer all'
thicker, and )larse Chan he cans me, an' I crep' up, an' he sez:
, 'Sam, we'se goin' to win in dis battk, an' den we'll go home an' git mar-
ried; an' I'se goin' home wid a star on my collar.' An' den he sez, , Ef I'm
wounded, kyar me home, yo' hear?' An' I sez, 'Y el:5, l\Iarse Cllan. '
" 'Yen, jes'den dey blowed Loots an' saddles, an' we mounted; an' de or-
ders come to ride 'roun' de slope, an' )larse Ch
m's comp'ny wuz de secon', an'
when we got 'roun' dyah, we wuz right in it. Hit wuz de wust place eyer dis
nigger got in, An' dey said, . Charge 'em!' an' my king! ef ever you see bul-
lets fly, dey did dat day. Hit wuz jes'likc hail; an' we ,,-en' down de slope (I
long wid de res') an' up de hill right to'ds de cannon
, an' de fire wuz so strong
dyah( dey hed a whole rigiment oÏnfintryslayin' down dyah onder de cannons)
our lines sort 0' hroke an' stop; de cun'l was hilt, an' I b'lieve dey wuz jes'
'bout to bre'k all to pieces, when .Marse Chan rid up an' cotch hol' de fleg an'
hollers, , Foller me!' an' rid strainin' up de hill 'mong de cannons. 1 seen Ïm
when he went, de sorrel four good lengths ahead 0' ev'y urr hosoS, jes' like he
use' tu be in a fox-hunt, an' de whole rigiment right arfter ïm. Yo' ain' nuyer
hear thunder! Fu;::;t thing I kllowcd, de roan roll' head oyer hecls an' flung
me up 'g'inst de bank, like yo' chuck a nubhin oyer 'g'inst de foot 0' de corn
pile, An' dat's what kep' me from bein' kilt, 1 'specks. Judy she say I5he
think 'twuz Providence, but I think 'twuz de bank. 0' co'se, Pruyidence put
de lxmk dyah, but how come Providence nuver bayed )1arse Chun? "
hen I
look' 'roun', de roan wuz layin' dyah by me,
tone dead, wid a, cannon-ball
gone 'mos' th'oo him, an' our men lwd done :-;wep' dem on t'urr side from de
top 0' de hill. 'Twan' mo'n a minit, de sorrel come gallupin' back wid his
mane flyin', an' de rein bangin' ùuwn on one side to his knee. 'Dyah!' :-;ez
1861-88]
THO..1fAS :KELSON PAGE.
III
I, 'fo' Gord! I 'specks dey done kill
Iarse Chan, an' I promised to tek care
on him.'
"I jumped up an' run over de hank, an' dyah, wid a whole lot 0' dead men,
an' some not dead yit, onder one 0' de gnns wid de fieg still in he han " an' a
bullet right th'oo he hody, lay)Iarse Chan. I tu'n Ïm over an' call Ïm,
<
Iarse Chan !' but 'twan' no use, he wuz done gone home, sho' 'nuff. I pick'
'im up in my arms wid de Reg still in he hall'
, fin' toted. 'im IJack jes' like I
did dat day when he wuz a baby, an' ole marster gin 'im to me in my arm
,
an' sez he could trus' me, an' tell me to tek keer on 'im long ez he lived. I
kyar'ù 'im 'way off de battlefiel' out de way 0' de balll:5, an' I laid 'im down
onder a hig tree till I could git somebody to ketch de sorrel for me. He wnz
cotehed arIter a while, an' Ilwd S01l1e money, so I got some pine plank an' made
a coffin dat evenin " an' wrapt :\larse Chan's body up in de Beg, an' put
im in
de coffin; but I didn' nail de top on strong, 'cause I knowed ole missis wan'
see 'im; an' I got a' ambulance an' set out for home Jat night. 'Ve reached
dyah de nex' evein " arfter tra\"'"ellin' all dat night an' all nex' day.
"Hit 'peared like somdhin' hed tole ole mi8sis we wuz comin' so; for when
we got home she wuz waitin' for us-done drest up in her best Sunday-clo'es,
an' stan 'in' at de head 0' de big steps, an' ole marster settin' in his big cheer-
ez we drnv up de hill to'ds de house, I drivin' de ambulance an' de 1:50rrellead-
in' 'long behine wid de stirrups crost oyer de saddle.
"She comedown to de gate to meet us. ',e took de coffin out de ambulance
an' kyar'd it right into de IJig parlor wid de picturcs in it, whar dey use' to
dance in ole times when )Iarse Chan wuz a school-bov, an' Miss Anne Chahm-
b'lin use' to come over, an' go wid ole missis into lIeI' chamber an' tek her
things off. In dyah we laid de coffin on two 0' de cheers, an' ole missis nuver
said a wud
she jes' looked so ole an' white.
"'Yhen I hed tell 'em all 'bout it, I tu'ned right 'ronn' an' rid ovcr to Cun'l
Chahmb'lin's, 'cause I knowed dat wuz what
Iarse Chan he'd 'a' wanted me
to do. I didn' tell nobody whar I wuz gwine, 'cause yo' know none on 'em
hacln' Buver spe:lk to Miss Anne, not sence de duil, an' dey didn' know 'bout
de letter.
""
hen I rid up in de yard, dyah wuz Miss Anne a-stan'in' on de poach
watchin' me ez I rid up. I tied my hoss to òe fence, an' walked up de parf.
She knowed by de way I walked dyah wuz somethin'de motter, nn' she wuz
mighty pale. I drapt my cap down on de cen' 0' de steps an' went up,
he
nuver opened her monf; jes' stan' right still an' keep her eyes on my face.
Fust, I couldn' speak; den I cotch my voice, an' I say, ')Iarse Chan, he done
got he furlough.'
" Her face was mighty ashy, an' she sort 0' shook, but she didn' fall. She
tu'ned roun' an' said, . (tit me ùe ker'ige !' Dat wuz all.
"'Yhen ùe ker'ige come 'roun', she hed put on her bonnet, an' wuz ready.
Ez she got in, she sey to me, 'Hey yo' brought him home?' an' we drove
'long, Iridin' behine.
"'Yhen we got home, she got out, an' walked up de lJig walk-up to de
poach Ly herse'f. Ole missis hed done fin' de letter in )Iarse Chan's pocket.
wid de love in it, while I wuz 'way, an' she wuz a-waitin' on de poach. Dl'Y
112
TIIO.JIAS NELSON PAGE.
[ 1861-88
sey dat wnz de fust time ole missis cry when she find de letter, an' dat she
sut'n 'y did cry over it, pintedly, ·
"'Yell, seh, )Iiss Anne she walks right up de steps, mos' up to ole missis
sianÏn' dyah on de poach, an' jes' faIls right down mos' to her, on hcr knees
fnst, an' den fiat on her face right on ùe flo', ketchin' at ole missis' dress wid
her two han's-so.
" Ole missis stood for 'bout a minit lookin' down at her, an' den she drapt
down on de fio' by her, an' took her in bofe her aI'ms.
" I conldn' see, I wuz cryin' so myse'f, an' ev'ybody wuz cryin'. But dey
went in aI'fter a while in de parlor, an' shet de do'; an' I heahd 'em say, :Miss
Anne she tuk de coffin in her arms an' kissed it, an' kissed :Marse Chan, an'
caIl' Ïm by his !lame, an' her darlin', an' ole missis lef' her cryin' in dyah tell
some on 'em went in, an' found her done fuint on de fio'.
"Judy (she's my wife) she telI me she hcah Miss Anne when she axed ole
missis mont she wear mo'nin' fur 'im. I don' know how dat is: but when we
buried 'im nex' day, she wnz de one whar walked urfter de coffin, holdin' ole
marster, an' ole missis she walked next to 'em.
""
elI, we buried Marse Chan dyah in de ole grabeyard, wid de fieg wrapped
roull' Ïm, an' he face lookin' like it did dat mawllin' down in de low groun's,
wid de new sun shinin' on it so peaceful.
" )Iiss Anne she nuver wont home to stay arfter dat; she stay wid ole mars-
ter an' ole missis ez long ez dey lived. Dat warn' so mighty long, 'cause ole
marster he died dat faIl, when dey wuz faIIerin' fur wheat-I had jes' married
.Judy den-an' ole missis she warn' long behine him, 'Ye buried her by him
next snmmer. )Iiss Anne she went in de hospitals toreckl
T arfter ole missis
dieù: an' jes' fa' Richmond fen she come home sick wid de fever, Yo' Huver
wonld 'a' knowed her fur de same ole :Miss
\.nne. She wuz light ez a picce 0'
peth, an' so white, 'cep' her eyes an' her sorrel hyar, an' she kcp' on gittin"
whiter an' weakcr. Judy she sut'n'y did nuss her faithful. But she Buver got
no betterment! De fever an' :Uarse Chan's bein' kilt hed done strain her, an'
she died jes' fo' de folks wuz sot free.
"Ro we buried )Iiss Anne right by )Iarse Chan, in a place whar ole missis
hed tole us to leave, an' dey's bofe on 'em sleep side by side over in de ole grabe-
yard at home.
,. An' wiII yo' please ten me, marster? Dey tells me dat de Bible sey dyar
won' he marryin' nor givin' in marriage in heaven, but I don' b'lieve it signi-
fies dat-doe
vou ?"
I gave him t
he comfort of my earnest lJelief in some other interpretation,
togethcr with several i'pare "eighteen-pences," as he called them, for which he
seemed humbly grateful. And as I rode away I heard him calling across the
fence to his wife, who was standing in the door of a small whitewashed caiJill,
near which we had been standing for some time:
,. Judy, have Marse Chan's duwg got home?"
1861-88]
KATHERINE ELEANOR CONWAY:
113
Itatl)crínc <Jflcanor <l:01\\\1ap.
BORN ill Rochester, N. Y.
SA TUHXIXU::;.
lI E might have won the highest guerdon that heaven to earth can give,
For whoso falleth for justice-dying, he yet shall live.
lIe might hayc left us his memory to flame as a ùeacon light,
When clouds of the false world's raising shut the stars of heaven from sight.
He might have left us his name to ring in our triumph song
'\-hen we stand, as we'll stand at to-mol'l'ow's dawn, ùy the grave of a world-old
wrong.
For he gave thee, 0 mother of valiant sons-thou fair, and sore oppressed,
The love of his youth filHI his manhood's choice-first-fruÍts of his life, and best.
Thine were thro1, of his heart and thought of his brain and toil of his strong right
hand;
For thee he bra\'cd scorn all II reyiling and loss of gold and lantI,
Threat and lure amI false-hearted friend, amI blight of a brokcn word-
Terrors of night and delay of light-prison and rack and sword.
For thee he bade death defiance-till the he
tyens opened wide,
And his face grew hright \\ ith reflex of light froin the face of the Crucified.
\lH.l his crown was in sight and his palm in reach and his glory all hut won,
\lld then-he failed-God help us! with the worst of dying <lone.
Only to die on the tn'acherous down by the hands of the tempters spread-
Xay, nay-make way for the stnmgers! we have no right in the dead.
But oh, fOI' the beacon quenched, that we dreamed would kiudle amI flame!
\.nd oh, for the standanl smirched and shamell, and the name we dare not name!
Over the lonesome gmye the shadows gather fast;
Only the mother, like GOII, forgives, and comforts her heart with the past.
The BOðton Pilot. 1
.).
.. ST
\Il OF )[Y DYIXG-TDfE."
"Pray for us-now, and at the hoUl" of our death."
[On the Sunriðe Slope. IH
l.]
rOTIIEH, the skies are dim,
............
The 'lir is cold,
And forms of terror grim
The mists unfold.
VOL. XI.-8
'Veary mn I and weak,
Ami sore afmid ;-
o Virgin, pure and meek
Sweet )[other-aid!
114
WILLIAJI CRAXSTO-,,-Y LA "Wl'OlY.
[1861-88
If I could see thy face
'Twere almost Heaven,
A sign of pitying grace
And sin forgiven.
o for one bright hour more
Of strength supreme,
Like those I waste(l o'er
My life's long dream!
But O-this awful gloom
'Vithin, without,
The fiend::; of wrath and doom,
Despair and doubt!
But
Iother-if thou plead
,nth thy dear Son
In this, my wofu] need,
)Iy Heaven is won!
UIUam QI:ratt
ton lLa\1.1tol1.
BORN in New Bedford, :\Iass., 1853.
TIlE DELPHIC OHÀ('LE.
[DelpM: the LOfOlity olld il.'1 Lpgend.ç.- Tlu> Allrtntir )Ionthly. 1880.]
T HE priestesses were originally young maidens; but when one of them had
proved 1'usceptible to other influences than Apollo's inspiration. a widow
over fifty years of age was always selected. In the eady time, and again after
the power of the or.tcle decayeù, there wa=-- one Pythia only, In the height of
Delphi's fame, three held the office
imultalleously. ...\.t first, response\) were
given only on .. Apollo's birth flay, " in he early :-:pring; the natural time for
seeking augury concerning ('rops. the opf'ning of campaigns, plans for col-
onizing, etc. Later, thc f:n-oraLle days 'were more fn'(Juent.
Before mounting the tt'ipod, the Pythia cheweù lean's of the sacred laurel
and drank from the holy spring, to put herself more fully under the divine
influence. No doubt she, as well as those I"eeking the aid of divination, was
further excited by the strangc, rich odors, perhaps incense, of which we hear.
and by music. If her respon
e::; were too incoherent or unpoetical, they were
reduced to writing and to hexameter yerse hy the attendant priests, and dc-
Ii vered, either orally or npon a sealed tablet, to the questioner.
Our chief authorities for the period when the oracle's intiuence was at its
height are men who ;o;incerl'ly believed in ApoHo, and in his guidance of hu-
lllan affairs through the mouth of the inspired Pythia. The attitude of Hero-
dotos, for instance, whose nJlume is the hest mirror of the age and interpreter
of its faith, is that of reverent lmt intC'lligent beliC'f. He i
aware that the priest-
ess has FOllletime;o; heC'n corrupte(l h.v hribes or other influences; hut such sin
were detected and ::;eyerely punished. Some oracles, he also knows, havC' heen
forged after the event; hut that again only show::; how mnch assistance the
supposed sanction of the god gave to the actions of men, lIe" aoe
not que:-:-
tion, and cannot suffer others to question," the genuillelles::; of Apollo's in-
spiration on many occa
ion
.
Th'Hlghtful student::! of the history of mysticism, ancient or modern. will
at least agree that the ntterances recorded are not to be hastily ascribed to a
sy
tematic cool-bloO<.h'(l Echeme of deception, In the earlier day
, at least,
1861-88]
WILLLLll CRANSTON LA Wl'O.N:
115
the priestess appears u;-;ually to have been in the condition perhaps best de-
Eeribed as a trance. Nor haye we the slightest right to doubt the sincerity
and good faith even of the attendant prie
t8 who caught anù interpreted her
excited, half-articulate words. They were probably informed beforehand, it
may be through something resembling a confessional, of the questioner's own
hopes and desires. Often they knew that the nature of the response obtained
might vitally affect the credit and prosperity of the temple and their corpo-
ration, TheÏ1' human judgment, to use modern terms, douhtless influenced
more or less consciously their priestly functions. But all t.his is not saying
that the oracle was a mere machine, shrewùl
T worked to secure personal ad-
vantage from the credulity of mankind. It is e
sential to the comprehension
of any religion to start with the assumption of sincerity on the part of priest
no less than of people.
"Xot from a vain or shallow thought
IIis awful Jove young Phidias wrou
ht:
Keye,' from lips of cunning fell
The thrilling Delphic oracle.
The litanies of nations came
J...ike the yolenno's tongut' of flame,
ITp from the burning core below."
Even reduced to its crudest form, it is true that successful delusion almost
always begins in self-delusion,
I am appealing for the moment merely to those who assume as self-evident
that the ancient oracles were in no sense inspired; but we have, of course,
atway:;; the happier alternative, of belim'ing that man has never in any age
or land been wholly cut off from consultation, in the hour of his necd, with
the Rulers of life, Again Emerson's glowing linès will best utter our thought
for u;-;:
.. The worù by seers or sihyls told,
In grows of oak or fanes of gold,
Still floats upon the morning wind,
till whispcr
to the willing mind.
Onp af'f'cnt of the I10lv Gho:,t
The heedll'ss world ht;t h ncycr lo:,t."
For those, doubtless the overwhelming majority, who ,'iew the question
with utterly incredulous eyes, who would deny the Pytl1ia and the priests any
claim to inspiration or evpn to self-deception, it IlIay he added that they will
find much amusement and confh'mation of their own opinions in Lucian's
account of Alexamler. This" false prophet '. organized a private oracle for
reycnue only, with all the machinery uf deceit. There was no douht what-
eyer about the fraud in thut Ctl!:'\C. Lucian fully exp08ed it, at the imminent
risk of hið own life,
.1 m:t how far the political moyements among the Greeks were controlled
from Apollo's mountain sanctuary is indeed still subject of df'hate. There is
no t10nùt that th(' great German historian Ernst Curtiw;,;, trusting to hi
sym-
pathetic insight into the spirit of Hellenic institntions and character, has
sometimes overstepped the hroken and uncertain line::; uf our cla::;sic author-
ities. It is clear, however, that the Delphiaus enjoyed for muny generations
116
ROBERT UNDERWOOD JOH-,-V80
V.
[1861-88
the confidence of an Greeks. Thither every republic and monarch turned for
guidance in the great crises of their existence. To the servants of Apollo the
secret deeds and plans of each must have been truthfully confessed. The in-
formation thus gathered by the chapter was undoubtedly transmitted from
generation to generation, and formed the basis of an enlightened and patri-
otic policy in the treatment of Hellenic affairs generally.
'Ve know that inquiries 'were often answered at once, without recourse to
the god. It may be, il]deed. that the decision of the oracle was avowedly only
invoked in matters of especial difficultya1)d doubt: as when the guardianð of
the temple them
clYes asked Apollo if they should bury or carry away his
treasures, to save them from the ad vancing forces of Xerxes, and received the
lofty reply that the god would defend his own. Perhaps we cannot close this
inquiry more instructively than with a quotation from the )lemorabilia of
Xenophon. "
e must remember that one of the mo
t devout of the Greek
writers is recording worùs which repeatedly fell from the lips of Socrates, his
teacher and friend, who in Delphi, at any rate, fell under no suspicion of
heresy, but on the contrary had Leen declared by the oracle to be the wisest
of men.
,. Bnt he said they were lUaù who consulted the oracle as to matters which
the gods permit mel; to decide by the use of reason. . . . . He asserted
that it was our duty to discover for ourselves so much as the gods allow us to
find out; but whatever is not made plain for men, that we should endeavor to
learn from the gods through di villation: for he declared the gods maùe revela-
tion to those men toward whom they wer
gracious."
1l1obcrt [1nbcr\t1ootl 1olJtt
ott.
BOR
in Washington, D. C., 1853.
XOBLESSE OBLIGE.
[The CenturY..J.1Iagazine. It<tI:3-S9.]
"""{""""{THAT is diviner than the peace of foe.;;!
\ V Hp conquers not who does not conquer hate,
Or thinks the shining wheels of heaven wait
On his forgiving. Dimmer the laurel shows
On ùrows that darken; and war-won repose
Is but a truce when heroes ahdicate
To Huns-unfahling those of elder date
Whose every eOl'sc a fiercer warrior rose.
o ye that s:n-ed the land!
\h yes, and ye
That ùless its saving! Xeither need forget
The price our destiny did of hoth demand-
Toil, want, wounds, prison, !lUll the lonely sea
Of tears at home. Oh, look on these. And yet-
BefOl"e the human fnil you--quick! your hand!
1861-88]
ROBERT rJ.NDERWOOD JOHNSON.
117
IX THE DARK.
^ T dusk, when Slumber's gentle wand
Li. Beckons to quiet fields my boy,
\.nd day, whose welcome was so fond,
Is slighted like a rivalled toy,-
'Vhen fain to follow, fain to stay,
Toward night's dim Lonler-line he
peers,
'Ve say he fears the fading day:
Is it the inner dark he fears?
His dcep cyes, made for wonder, keep
Their gaze upon some land unknown,
The while the crowding questions leap
That show his ignorance my own.
For he woulrl go he knows not where,
.\.wl I-I hardly know the m
re;
Yet what is dark and what is fair
He would to-night with me explore.
"Cpon the shoals of my pOOl' creed
His plummet falls, but cannot rest;
To sound the soundless is his need,
To find the primal soul, his quest.
In vain these bird-like fluttering-s,
.\.s when through cages sighs the wind:
l\Iy clearcst answer only brings
Xew depths of mystery to his minù,-
Vague thoughts, by crude surmise heset,
And groping doubts that loom and pass
Like April clouds that, shifting, fret
With tides of shade the sun-wooed
grass.
o lonely soul within the crowd
Of souls! 0 language-seeking cry!
How black were noon without a cloud
To vision only of the eye!
Sleep, chilù! while healing Xature breaks
Her ointment on the wounds of
Thought;
Joy. that anew with morning wakes,
Shall hring you sight it ne'er has
brought.
Lord. if there be, as wise men spake,
No Death. hut only Fear of Death,
And when Thy tcmple seems to shake
'Tis but the shaking of our breath,-
'YllCther by day or night we see
Clouds where Thy" inùs have driven
none,
Let unto us as unto Thee
The darkness and the light be one.
OX A GREAT POET'S OBSCeRITy.
'"\""{THA T means his linc ? You say none knows?
, " Yet one perhaps may learn-in time:
For, sure, could life be told in prose
There were no need at all for rhyme.
Alike two waters IJlunt the sight-
The muddy shallow and the sea i
Here every current leads aright
To ùcpps where lucent wonders be.
118
WILLIAJI HENRY RIDEING.
[1861-88
A
EPTEl\IBER VIULET,
F OR days the peaks wore hoo(18 of
cloud,
The slopes "'ere vciled in chilly rain;
We said: It is the Summer's shroud,
And with the urooks we moaned aloud,-
'Will sunshine never come again?
At last the west wind hrought U8 one
Serene, warm, cloudless, crystal day,
As though September, ha.ving blowll
A blast of tempest, now had thrown
A gauntlet to the favored )Iay.
Backward to Spring our fancies tiew,
And, careless of the course of Time,
The bloomy days Legan anew.
Then, as a happy dream comes true,
Or as a poet finds his rhyme-
Half wondered at, half unbelieved-
I found thee, friendliest of the flowers!
Then Summer's joys came back, greell-
leaved,
And its doomed dead, awhile reprieved,
First learned how truly they were
ours.
Dear violet! Did the
\lltumn bring
Thee vernal dreams, till thou, like me,
Didst climb to thy imagining?
Or was it that the thoughtful Spring
Did come again) ill search of thee?
míllíau\ tgentp minring.
BORN in Liverpool, ingland, 1!:ì53,
A PEH:-;OX of "LITERARY TAF:TES."
[A Little Lp.<;tart. 18
:;.]
I F it had been worth looking for, thc key to Amelia Bailey's character would
have been found in a reckless ambition frustrated bv the lack of any ster-
ling ability. A future of intellrctual honors had bcen Ìlredicted for he
, and
she had hcen flattered and spoilcd in her girlhood by the people of her native
village. Shc had al ways been opinionated and domineering, and at this period
of her life shc had not found much resistance in arrogating to herseH the
leadership of the young folks in
\.shTille Oentre.
She was fortificd in hcr assumption, morcover, by what her friends called
her" litcrary tastes." To posseðs .. litemrr tastes" is, in some parts of
cw
England, a consecration which cumpcl
obeisance in a peoplc who, howc\'er
narrow thcir own education may he, howevcr small thcir capabilitics, rrvere
intellectuality, and wilJingly bend the knee bcfore the fetich they makc of
literature. Amelia Bailey had '"litcrary tastcð," and the endowment in-
creased hcr authority and influencc:>; for in the eyes of her friends shc was a
participant in thc sanctification of letters.
Shr always had a book in her hands or tucked lllHler her arm, and she read
with a rapidity which suon exhausted thc contents of the village library.
How superficial and unretentive hcr reading was, her acquaintances ncver
suspected. The frequent quotations which :::hc made in her conversation and
in hcr corrcspondence wcrc takclJ as cviùcncc of tLe opulence of hcr mind; but
1861-88]
WILLIAM HENRY RIDEING.
119
in truth they were, in her case.f what they are with many a prctender,-the
makeshifts and subterfuges of her mental sterility.
No shyness restrained this young lady; she had no scruples about letting
her light shine, but maguified it, and intensified it with catoptric reflecturs.
"
hen the local newspapcrs printed her verses, she at once enclosed copies of
them, with artfullittlc notes, to eycry poet of eminence in the land. She
described herself as a little girl who had caught the gift of song from the per-
son whom she addressed; she adopted the same method with them all, and
now shc made the poet of Amcsbury her in voluntary sponsor, then the author
of " Evangcline."
Pocts may shut their doors against uther bores, but they are always kind
with little girls whu claim to be learning songs from them; and Amelia insin-
uated herself into an epistolary intimacy with some very distinguished per-
sons. LOTIg after her frocks had been lengthened above and helow in the
precautionary manner that denotes the transition from girlhood tu woman-
huod, she still left her correspondents to infer that she was a chilù. But she
did not mean to let the intimacy be simply epistulary; she had a desire to
shine, and she was resolvcd that if her own rays failed to dazzle the world,
she would bccome one of those satcllites of fame which in some conditions of
thc atmosphere appear to be thc great star itself.
She visited Buston to make the intimacy personal; and the first can she
made was on a poet who had written to say that if she presented herself at one
o'clock, he would be glad to have her join him at luncheon. He was a young
poet: and he was much embarrassed, in the ahsence of his wife, when he dis-
cOH'red that he lJad to entertain a gushing and voluptuous young woman of
eightecn instead uf the child he had expected. The impropriety of thc affair
filled him with uneasiness, and he was infinitely relieved when, having occu-
pied a precious afternoon which he had reserved for work, she reluctantly
departed.
Her visit led to disaðter. She endeavored to take every advantage of it; but
her own personality did not prove as attractive tu the patrons she sought as
the child-poet am Imscaded in n country town had been, and when she re-
turned home the letter8 with distinguished signatures, which had enriched
her autogmph album, came to her no more,
The bittcrness of defeat was in her cup; bold as her attempts were, she had
made no stridcs. The magazines rejected hcr contributions, and the local
newspaper, which in her heart she despiscd, was the only medium of publica-
tiun she could nnd. All this would have heen pitiful if hcr moti,Tcð had becn
worthy, if it had becn the failure uf hO[lCðt and llludC'st endeavor; but hpr in-
centive was the bubble reputation, and she cultivated literature að a heathen
would prupitiate his idol,-for thc beuefits it has to bestow, and not for the
love of it.
-While she waR still smarting from the rebuffs she had l"('cE:'i,-ed, her mind
sought a new diversion.
She thought of marriage, of course; but marriage is not ordinarily a sen-
sational proceeding, and the young men who had done conjugal duty in the
domestic dramas which f'he had imagined for hersf'lf were not persons with
120
1rILLIA.1JI IlENRY RIDEING.
[1861-88
whom anything very startling could be accomplished. One of them was more
sentimental than the rest, and she divined that with some tuition he might be
led to propose an elupenwnt. She had visions of Gretna Green in her minù,
and of runaway couple8 flying wildly to the Scottish bordl'
' and reaching it
jUðt Ül time to escape the pursuing fathers. Rhe pined for ùay
less prosaic
than our own; but her sense of humor was not so deficient that she could not
see that a8 Gretna Green and post-chaises had gone out of fashion, there
would be nothing romantic in having her kind-hearted and indulgent father
folluwing her by the Shore Line express from Providence, and gently remon-
strating with her in the ladies' parlor of the Astor IIouse. A theatrical life
would have suited her; but the stage, viewed from Ashville Centre, was too
precarious, too daring a venture even for her. Her desire to excite curiosity
and to be discussed was consuming her; anù anything, no matter how absurd
or scandalous, was preferable in her mind to the privacy and obscurity of a
humdrum life at home.
She fully appreciated the value of the unexpected in stirring up the inter-
est of yawning mankinù, and an unlooked-for opportunity canw to exemplify
it. It was abruptly announced that she was going to be married, not six,
seven, or eight months later, not to the sentimental youth whom she had
been encouraging and prompting for some time past, but to Palmyra Phelps,
the elderly widower, her father's friend, who was spending a few wed...s tIt
AshviIle to console himself for the recent loss of his wife. Palmyra Phelps
had been one of the Argonauts of' 4!J, anù had, it was said, amassed a very
handsome fortune in California. San }'roocisco, with a house on Rincon Hill,
was the new prospect which opened "before Amelia: and she breathed freer as
she thought of its gayety and the latitudinarian tolerance of its society.
1\11', Phelps was already prepared for the return journey, anù calling to say
good-by to her parents, he found Amelia alone. ""hile he waited for them
she sat with him in the low-studded parlor of thcir hou
e, which abutted
from behin(l a screen of chestnuts on the main street of Ashville. She picked
up a serap-l)ook, and was rustling the pages, when after 3 silence of embar-
raððed duratiun she exclaimed: ., Oh, :Mr. Phclps, what should we ùe without
our poets? Don't yon remember what \f ordsworth says?-
'Blessings he with them, and eternal prai
e.
'Vho gave U
nobler loves and nobler carc
.-
The Poets. who on earth have m
ulc u
hl'ir
Of truth and pure delight by heanmly lays!' .,
"That's so," he said; "poetry is elegant; I admire it. "
hat htn'e you got?
Got some of it there?"
" Oh, nothing,-nothing to speak of; only some nonsellsical little song8 of
my OWll."
., Go ahead; read some! Your ma told me yon were lit'r}. Strange, too,
because she ain't, nor your pa. Go ahead! "
She stiJl resisted, but after It little more urging read a sonnet beginning
with the line" Ah, Love! with bitter tears bedewed;" and he applauded this
with so much vehemence, slapping his knee and crying, .. Good! " that she
1861-88]
WILLI.A3I HENR Y RIDEIJ..YG.
121
discard('d her affected rl'sene and eagerly read to him every verse she had
ever written.
"'Yhy don't you get them out in a book?" he inquired.
" Ið it possible that you think that my poor little Yer:,es are worthy of being
enshrined in a volume? Oh, .1\11'. Phelps, IWlO you flatter!" She had been 80
often and so definitely assured by the publishers to whom she had applied that
they were not worthy of perpetuation of any kind, that a contrary opinion
from any source was comforting.
"That's what I say: get them out in a volume. I'll pay for it. I guess
there'll be no difficulty about that," he said, with the confident emphasis of a
man who was not used to having any of his pecuniary obligations called into
question.
She glowed with pleasure; she knew that thcre were publishers who would
be quite willing to iS3ue her book if they could be guaranteed against loss.
" Oh, how good of JOu! It's too kind. But if they are published in it book
-how absurd it sounds!
Ie, a little country girl, publishing a book! The
idea! If they are published in a book I'll dedicate it to you,"
" 'Yell, I don't know as I've got any objection to that,'
h
replied, with
some l:iuspicious forethought.
He sat staring at her mutely for some minutes after this. She was comely
to his eye; her figure was large and pulpy, her complexion pink and white,
her hair )el1ow and abundant, Her exterior made a fayorable impression
Upull him, and then, too',
he was" lifry." Though he had travelled and
shaken off manyof the superstitions of _\:511ville, Palmyra Phelps still clung to
his native faith in tll(' exaltation of literature, and Amelia was enhanced in
his estimation by her connection with that sacred calling.
His life had not been ornamental. His late wife had been a plain Kew El1g-
Jaw} woman to the cnd of hcr days, and he had been quite satisfieù with hcr;
but now that he had all the money he wanted, it ::iecmeù to him that he might
yenhu'c to "put on some style/' and what better start could he make in that
din'ction than by taking a young wife of attractive appearance and "lit'r)' "
ta:-:tc:; ?
She was not silent while he sat obsen"Ìng her cugitati, cly; her mind W
IS
filleil with radiant visions of the glory her book waR to hring her, "Then it
was }Jublii'hed and the world was echoing it:; prai:-:e:;:, those former friend
of
hers who had dropped her would repent and wish they had been sharp enough
to discern the budding genius they once spurned; and the thought of their
repentance at too latc an hour for their salvatiun was deliciouR,
The transitions of her manner, which have becn alrcady noticcd, were the
result of affectation, She was: naturally effusiye and IO(llUlcious, but at times
she a
::iull1ed a pensive languor, which she regarded as a becoming expression
of the bruised and lacerated condition of the puetic heart. Hhc had begnn
the conver::;ation on stilts, hut had bcen brought to her feet by the offer
Ir.
Phelps had made, and then she uabbled with the illCOllSe(lUelÜial rapiùity of
which we have had some examples. He paid little heed tu her, however, and
she had no suspicion of the drift his thoughts were taking.
" )dmer Bailey and me were buys together," he
<tid by and b.,', referring to
122
WILLL4.Jf HENE Y RIIJEI.1YG.
[1861-88
her father, who had not been mentioned before: "but," he added, with ex-
treme solemnity, "there ain't a man in this village to-day as feels younger
than I do. ,.
"I'm sure JOU look young-very young," Amelia affirmed.
She saw that he was constrained, as if feeling his way to some avowal of
which he was afraid, and she waited for him to pruceel1, while she still rustled
the pages of her scrap-book. Ordinarily he was brisk and self-assertiye, but
non- he was very sheepish.
,. How wuuld you like to go to California? " he said, at last, blurting the-
words out with visible relief.
"l? Oh, }1r, Phelps, what do you mean?" Her uncertainty was un-
feigned, ., Do you l1U'all for a visit? " she continued, when she had recoyereù
her breath.
"K 0, not I! I don't mean nothing of the sort... he replied, with restored
compmmre. "You understand, Amelia. As )[rs. Phelps is what I mean."
She was dazed only for an instant by the sudùenuess of the pruposal. and
then she expertly sifted it and weighed it in her mind. This was nut what
she had hoped for, ani} yet it was not odious nor ullfl'a...ible to her. She glanced
at him critically; his face was ruddy, and hi:-; eyetl had a youthful sparkle; his
wealth was irresistibly in his favor, But, curiously enough, the most pleas-
ing part of tbe pro
pect to her was the gossip there would be when what had
happened was transmitted to the neighbors; it would not be ephemeral, but
would have something of historic permanence in the annals of Ashville.
,. But you I!on't mean at onCe?" she iW1uired,
,. I'll gh-e you till the day after to-morrow," he said.
" To decide? "
u No, to start. 'l'hat's plenty of time. \Ve rush things out in California.'"
"
hen on their return her father and mother were informed of what had
happened, they were bewildered; but they" ere so nccnstomed to the state of
subjection in which an only child can keep her parents in America that they
were easily overborne. Amelia's desire to do something astonishing was th ns
gratified; in two days she had become the wife of a man as old as her father,
and in three days she had started for San Franciscu via Panama. A month
later she was installed as mistress of a resplendently frescoed house on Rincon
Hill.
rrhe life she now entered on was a reparation for the past. For a time it.
seemed to her that she was both shining and making a noise. The news-
papers noticed her arrival, and one of them published a whole column about
it. .. The Hon. Pal. Phelps arri,-ed home ye,.;tcrday, .. it Faid, "bringing with
him a young and beautiful wife, who will recei,e a hearty welcome from the
society of this cuast. :111'8. Phelps, née Bailey, i:; a stately bloude of the Anglo-
Saxon type; and she is not only a lady of great beaut
T, but a ùistinguished
poetess, who has heen prominent in the literary circle;;; of Boston and Con-
cord since her infancy. It may be said of her, as Pope said of himself, she
'lisped in number:;,' and we understand that she now has a volume in press,
'"\fith Bitter Tears Bedewed, and Other Poems,' which will be looked for
with deep interest. 'l'he lIon. Pal. is to be congratulateù, aud the East had
1861-88]
CHARLES HE...YRY PHELPS.
123
better recognize the stubborn fact that thc Pacific coast is gradually absorb-
ing the culture of America. " She read this with hysterical elation, and mur-
mured, melodramatically, ., At last! At laðt! The door i::i open! " Then
he
added, mU::iingly, .. But I (lo wish they wouldn't call him Pal. "
"\fith Bitter Tears Bedewed, and Other Poems." made its appearance,
and her name became familiar to the reader::! of newspaper gO!5sip, usually in
connection with "personals" concerning the receptions she had given to
some l)eripatetic lecturer or musician. She counted much on her receptions,
and watched from afar, with the predatory vigilauce of a Bedouin, for ap-
proaching travellers, \rhen they arrived she made Palmyra call on them and
invite them to the hou:::e un Rincun Hill; but if they consulted their friends
1efore accepting they ne"Vcr came, or if they came they never repeated the
"Vi
it. She repellcd them by her insincerities and tactless extravagances. She
was too palpably shallow, too restle
sly vain.
The guests who filled her parlor-or her salon, ns she preferred to have it
called-were Bohemians of wasted character and debatable talents, aud a few
frienùs of her husband, who attended, feeling, as they did ,vhen they went to
church, that it was not the pleasantest way of spending an hour, but that it
was a sign of respectability to mingle with the intellectual society which .:\11'8.
Phelps, according to the "
an Francisco Tattler," always had about her, In
her anxiety to shine, Amelia e"Ven deceived herself as to the character of her
gue:-:t:,; she tried to belieye that the dingy impostors actually were di:;;tin-
guished. and that their presence in her house was a proof of her elevatiou to
the peerage of art and letters; the illusion satisfied her for a year or two, 1mt
after that the truth gradually forcell itsdf upon her, combat it as
he would,
and the spurious bonors yielded her no morc pleasure. She shone, but it was
with the diamonds her hUðband had bought; ::-;he madc a noise, but it was the
blare of vulgar ostentation, not the rcverberations of Fame. Fame had not
heeded her call, 1101' dropped one chaplet on her brow; and thougb a door had
ùeen opened, it had not admitted bel' to the place she yearned for.
Ql:IJarlc
l
c1tr1? PlJclp
.
BOH
in StOclÜOll, Cal., lS5:t
TilE :\L\.ID OF ST. IlEIÆXA.
[Cal(fornian rerses. 1
2.]
^ CROSS the long, ,ine-covcrcd Jaud
..Li. She gazed, with lifted, shadiug
hand.
'VhiJe northward rose, through goJclell
mist,
St. Helen's mount of amethyst.
Behind were hillsides, 11tupJe, brown;
Before were vineyal"(ls slopiug dowu;
But forest, vine, and mountain height
'Vcre less divinely bencdight
1
4
OHARLES HENRY PHELPS.
[1861-88
Than she who
o serenely stood
'fo gaze on mountain, vine, and wood.
Her presence breathed in sweet excess
The fragrance of rare [oveliness-
A simple beauty in her face,
And in her form a simple grace.
8he was so perfect and so fair,
So like a vision, and so rare,
The air that touched her seemed to me
To thrill with trembling ecstasy.
Spell-bound, for fear she might not stay,
I stood afar in sweet dismay.
At last. she sang some olden song.
I did not know its tale of wrong j
I only knew the oriole's note
Grew garrulous within its throat-
It seemed so shameful birds should sing
To silence so divine a thing.
She faded, singing, from my sight,
A dream of beauty and delight:
And I, with unconsenting will,
Retraced my footsteps ùown the hill,
RARE MOMENTS.
E ACH of us is like Balboa: once in all our lives do we,
Gazing from some tropic summit, look upon an unknown sea:
But upon the dreal"y morrow, every way our footsteps seek,
Rank and tangled vine and jungle Oiock our pathway to the peak.
HEAIUXG THE NEWS IN ID
\.IIO.
A TRAIL, cut through the banks of
snow,
'Vinds up and o'er the mountain chain
To where the pines of Idaho
Stand guard npon the Cæur d'A.lenej
A thousanù feet auove the clou(ls,
A thousand feet below the stars,
The narrow path just rims the shrouds
That wrap the warlike form of Mars.
On Eagle and on Pritchard Creeks,
In Dream Gulch and at )Iurmyville,
The camp-fires play their ruddy freaks,
Redden the snow with lurid streaks,
And melt, perchance, on every hill,
The nuggets which the miner seeks.
One night in camp the game ran high j
Desperate sornc and reckless more;
In evcry cañon revelry j
And boisterous songs went rolling by
With rugged jokes and lusty roar-
When, all at once, a sudden hush
Passed like a whisper through the
pines j
Thc chorus ceased its noisy rush,
The gamblers broke their eager lines,
And many hared a shaggy head,
And some upon that silent air
Breathed forth a rude, un practised
prayer j
The sick moaned on his hemlock bed;
For, down the peaks of Idaho,
Across the trail cut through the snow,
Hall corne this message:
" G1Ywt is dead! "
Then men, who knew each other not,
Gathered, and talked in undertone.
And one said: "I have not forgot
How he leLl us at Donelson."
And one, who spoke his name to bless,
Said: "I was in the 'Vilderness."
18Gl-88]
.JILl YB UR Y FLEMLVG.
125
And one: "I was in ::\Iexico. "
\.nd still another, old and scarred,
And weather-uronzed and battle-
marred,
Broke down with this one word:
" Shiloh."
Then, by the firelight's fitful ulaze,
With broken voice, beneath the
trees,
One read of those last painful days,
\..nd of his calm soul's victories,
So like his old heroic ways.
Touched to the heart, they did not seek
To hide the love of many years,
But down each rough and furrowed cheek
Crept manly, unaccustomed tears.
Ah! not upon this younger sod
Shall dew more grateful ever fall;
.And never lips to Freedom's God
In prayer more fervently shall call.
And thou, calm Spirit, in what 1)ath
Thy dauntless footsteps ever tread,
No blessing kindlier meaning hath
Thanurave men speak above their dead.
jtlapbutp flrlltíng.
BOR'S in B08ton, }las8., 1853.
TO SLEEP.
[[
Ilcollected Poem.<J. It-:84-88.]
S WEET wooded way in life, forgetful Sleep!
Dim, drowsy realm where )"('stful shadows fall,
.\..nd where tlw world's glare enters not at all
Or in soft glimmer making rest more deep;
"
here sound come:-; not, or else like brooks that keep
The world's noise out, as hy a slumberous wall
Of gentlest mm"ll1ur; whcre still" hispers call
To smileless gladness those that" aking weep;
Beneath the dense veil of thy stirless leaves,
'Vhere no air is except the calm of space,
Vexed souls of men have grateful widowhood
Of tedious sense; there thoughts are bound in sheaves
By viewless hands as silent as the place;
And mun, 11l1sinuing, finds allllature good.
rpON A WINTER :\roRXING.
"VHEN hoary frost doth shroud the
grass,
And bare death sitteth in the trees,
.\.nd life is come to sorry pass,
And morning lacketh drowsy bees-
Then think I of my lady's mouth,
And of the violets in her eyes:
So, roses warm the wintry drouth,
And death, by thinking of ber,.
dies.
126
IlO WARD PYLE.
[1861-88
TilE XEW YEAR.
,\ SHES of oak-Are there no more
....L:l.. trees?
'Vhat if the Yule-log whiten and die-
Blaze and l'edden anù (lie-what then?
Are there no more trees?
K 0 trees left? Let the old year go,
And the old. years go, ,,'ith their bloom
and blight;
Sated with joy and drunk with pain,
Let the old year go.
Fallen from pride and gray with fire,
tHain by it, never to glow again-
But life is more than ashes and night;
In it lies new fire.
Endeù at last-and to come, more trees,
Leaf and pleasure and-ay, and grief.
Over dead ashes light new fire-
Are there no more trees ,
o\Uarn Prle.
Bon, in \\ï]miugton, Del., 1853.
HOW B
\HoX l'üXIU.D IIEIJD TJI F. BIUDGE.
[(){fo of the Silt'pl" Ilaml. lk s S.]
" H ALT, " cried the Baron, suddenly, and drew rein.
The othcr3 stood Lewildcred. W11at did he mean to do: He turned
to Hans and his blue eyes shone like steel.
.. Hans, " :-:aid he, in his deep voice, "thou hast sen-'ed me long and truly;
wilt thou for this one last time do my bidùing?"
,. Ay," said Hans, briefly.
" Swear it," said the B
lron.
"I swear it," f;aiù II:lns, and he drew thc sign of the cross upon his heart.
"That is good," said the Baron, grimly. "Then take thou this child, anù
with the others ride with all the speed that thou canst to St, l\Iichaelsbul'g.
Give the child into the charge of thc Abbot Otto. rrell him how that I have
sworn fealty to the Emperor, and what I have gained thercby-my castle
burnt, my people slain, and this poor, simple child, my only son, mutilateù
l)y my enemy."
" Aud thou, my Lord Baron p:' said Hans.
,. I willl'tay here," said the Baron, quietly, "and keep hack those who fol-
low as long Uð Goel will give mc graec so to do, ..
A murmur of remonstrance rOðe among the faithful few WllO werc with
him, two of whom were near of hin. But Conrad of Drachenhausen turned
fiercely upon them. "How now," said he, "haye I fallen so low in my trou-
bles that eyen ye dare to rai
e your voices against me? By the good IIea\"en,
I will begin my work herc Ly slaying the first lUall \\ ho dares to raise word
against my bidding." rrlWll he turned from them. "Here, Hans," said he,
"take the boy; alJ(} rememher, knave, what thou ha:;t sworn. "
It:j61-8 s ]
HOTVARD prLE.
1 :)...
,
He pressed Otto close to his breast in one last emhrace. "
ly little child. "
he mnrmur('d, "try not to hate thy father when thou thinkest of him here-
after, even though he be hard and hloody as thou knowe:.ot. ,.
But with his suffering and weaknL
. little Otto knew nothing of what was
passing: it was only a;-; in a faint flickering dream that he Jived in what was
done around him.
.. Farewell, Otto, " said the naron, but Utto's lips only moved faintly ill
answer. His father kis
ed him upon either check. .. Come, Hans," said he,
hastily, "take him hence": and he loosed Otto 'ô arms from about his neck.
Hans took Otto upon the
al1ùle in front of him,
.. Oh! my dear Lorù Baron," said he, anù then stopped with a gulp, and
turned his grotesquely twitching face aside.
., Go, '.
aid the Baron, harshly, ., there is no time to lose ill wmpan's tears, ,.
'. Farewell, Conraù
farewell, Conrad! '. said his two kinsmen, and com-
ing forward they ki
scd him upon the cheek; then they turned and rode a\\ ay
after Han
, and Baron Conrad was left alone to face his mortal foe.
A.., the la:;t of his followers swept around the curving road and was lost
to sight, Baron Conraù gave himself a shake, as though to drive away the
thoughts that Jay upon him. Then Ill' rode slowly forward to the middle of
the bridge, where he wheeled his horse so as to face his coming enemie:-:. lIe
lowered the ,"isor of bil" helmet and bolted it to its place, and thell saw that
sword anù dagger wer(' loo;:;e in the scabbard and easy to draw whell the need
for drawing should arise.
Down the steep path from the hill above swept the pursuing horsemen.
Down the steep path to the bridge-head, and there drew rein; for in the mid-
cHe of the narrow way sat the motionle:;l:Ò, steel-clad figure upon the great war-
horse, with wide, red, panting nostrils, aud body streaked with sweat and
flecked with patches of foam,
One side of the roadway of the hril1ge was guarded by a low Etone wall: the
other side was naked and open and bare to the deep, slow-moving water Le-
neath, It was a dangerous place to attack a l1e
perate Ulall clad in armor of
proof.
.. Forward!" cried Daron Henry. but not a :-;oul stirred in answer, and still
the iron-dad figure
at motionless and prect upon the panting horse.
.. How, ,. cried the Baro}} lIenr\". "arc n
afraid of one mall? Then follow
me!" and he :;:purred forwm'd to'the bri(i
e-head. But still no one moved in
answer, and the Lord of Trutz-Drachen reineù back his horse again. lie
whec1eù his lwrse Hnd glared round upon the stolid faces of his follower
,
until his eyes scemed fairl) to ùlaze with passion ùeneath the Lars of the
nsor,
Baron Conrad gtlTe a roar of laughter. .. How now!.' he cried; ,. ;re ye
a11 afraiù of one man? I
there nOlle among ye that dares ('ome forward and
lUect me? I know thee, Baron Hcnry! thou art not afraid to cut off the hand
of a littlc chilù. IIa
t thou not Bow-the COU1't\O'c to face lhe father? "
o
Baron Henry gna:o:hed his teeth with rage as he glared around upon the
faces of his ll1en-at-arm:"
uddenly bis eye lit upon onc of them. ,. lla!
Carl
pigler, " lw cried, .. thou hast thy cro;,s-how with thee;-shoot me
128
HOWARD PYLE.
[1861-88
down yonder dog! Nay," he said, "thou canst do him no harm under his
armor; shoot the horse upon which he sits,"
Baron Conrad heard the speech, "Oh! thou coward yillain!" he cried,
"stay
do not shoot the good horse. I will dismount and fight ye upon foot. "
Thereupon. armed as he was, he leaped clashing from his horse and, turning
the animal's head, gave it a sIap upon the flank. The good horse first trotted
and then walked to the farther end of the bridge, where it stopped and began
cropping at the grass that grew beside the road.
,. Now then!" cried Baron Henry. fiercely, "now then, ye cannot fear him,
villains! Duwn with him! forward!"
Rlow ly the troopers spurred their horses forward upon the bridge and
toward that one figure that, grasping tightly the great two-handed swonl,
I'tood there alone guarding the passage.
Then Baron Conrad whirled the great blade above his head, until it caught
the sunbght and flashed again. He did not wait for the attack, but when the
fir:-:t of the advancing horsemen had come within a few feet of him, he leaped
with a shout upon them, The fellow thrust at him with his lance, and the
Baron went stag-gering a few feet back, but instantly he recovered himself
and again leaped forward. The great sword flashed in the air, whistling; it
fell, and the nearest man dropped his lance, cbttering, and with a loud, in-
articulate cry, grasped the mane of his horse with both hands, Again the
blade whistled in the air, and thig time it was stained with red, Again it fell,
and with another shrill cry the man toppled headlong ueneath the hor:-:e's
ft'et. The uext instant they were upon him eaeh striving to strike at the one
figure, to ride him down, or to thrust him down with their lances. There
was no room now to SWillg the long hlade, but, holding the hilt in both hamls,
Baron Conrad thrust with it as though it were a lance.
tabhing at hor
e or
man, it mattered not. Crowded npon the narrow roadway of the hridge, tho::-:e
who attacked had not only to guard themselyes against the dreaùful
trokes
of that terrible sword, but to keep their wounded horses (rearing amI mad
with fright) from toppling bodily oyer with them into the water heneath.
Presently the cry was raised, "Back! back!" And thobe nearc:-t the Baron
began reining in their horses. "Forward!" roared Baron Henry, from the
midst of the crowd; but in spite of his command
and even the blow
that he
gave, thòse behind were borne back by those in front, struggling and shout-
ing, and the bridge was cleared again excepting for three figures that la
' mo-
tionless ul'on the roadway, and that one who, with the brightne::;s of his
urmor dimmed and stained, leaned panting against the wall of the hri<lge.
The Baron Henry raged like a madman. Gnashing his teeth together, he
rode back a little way; then turning and couching his lance, he suddenly
clapped spurs to his horse, and the next instant came thundering duwn upon
his solitary enemy.
Baron Conrad wllirled bis sword in the air, as he saw the other coming like
a thunderbolt upon him; he leaped aside, and the lance passed close to him,
\s it passed he struck, and the iron point flew from the shaft of the spear at
the hlow, and fell clattering npon thc stOllC road,,'ay of the bridge.
Baron Henry drew in his horse until it rested upon its haunches, then slowly
1861-88J
HOWARD PYLE,
129
reined it backward down the bridge, still facing his foe and still holding the
wooden stump of the lance in his hand. .A..t the bridge-head he flung it from
him.
"Another lance!" he cried, hoarsely. One was silently reaclH
d to him
and he took it, his hand trembling with rage. Again he rode to a little dis-
tance and wheeled his horse; then, driving his steel spurs into its quivering
side
hc came again thundering clown upon the other. Once more the terri-
ble sword whirled in the air and fell, but this time the lance was snatched to
one side and the blow fell harmlessly. The next instant, and with a twitch
of the bridle-rein, the horse struck full and fair against the man. Conrad of.
Draehenhausell was whirled Lackward and duwnward, and the cruel iron
hoofs crashed over his prostrate body, as horse and lllan passed with a rush be-
)ond him and to the bridge-head beyond. A shout went np from those who
stood watching. The next momel1t the prostrate fignre rose and stagger,ed
blindly to the side of the Lridgc, and stood leaning against the stone wall.
At the farther end of the Lridge Baron Henry had wheeled his horse. Once
again be couched lance, and again hc drove down upon bis bruised and
wounded enemy. This time the lance struck full and fair, and those who
watched saw the stepl point pierce the iron breast-plate and then snap short,
leaving the barbed point within the wound.
Baron Conrad sunk to his knees, and the Hoderburg, looming upon his
horse above him, unsheathed his sword to finish the work he had begun.
Then those wbo stood looking on saw a wondrous thing happen: the
wounded man rose suddenl
to bis feet, and before his cnem
T could strike he
leaped, with a great and Litter cry of agony and despair, upon him a:5 he sat
in the saddle above,
Henry of Trutz-Drachen grasped at his borse's mane, but the attack was
so fierce, so sud(len, anù so une
pected that before he could saye hilll
elf he
wa
dragged to one side and fell crashing in his armor upon the stone road-
way of the bi"idge.
"The dragon! the dragon! " roared Baron Conraù, in a yoice of thunder,
and with the energ
. of despair he dragged his prostr.lte. foe toward the open
si<le of the bridge.
" Forward! "LO cried the chief of the Trutz-Drachen men, and down they
rode upon the struggling knights to the rescue of their master in this ncw
danger. Bu t they were too late.
There was a pause at the edge of the hridge
for Baron HenrJ 11<H1 gained
hi;.; feet and, stunned and Lewildered aF hc "as by the suddenness of his fall,
he was now struggling fiercely, dej':perately, For a moment they stood :,way-
ing backward and forward, cla;.;pcd in onc another's arms, the blood from the
wounded man'ð brea
t í'taining the armor of lJoth. The moment pa:-:sed and
then, with a shower of stones and mortar from beneath their lron-:-:hod heels,
they toppled and feU
there wa::; a thunderous splash in the water beluw, anel
as the men-at-arrus came hurrying up and peercd with awe-struck faces o\"er
the parapet of the bridge, they saw tbe whirling eddies SWf>ep down \vith the
current of the stream, a few bu bbles ri
e to the surface of the water, alld then
-nothing; for the smooth river flowed onward as ::;ilelltly as e\'er.
VOL. XI.-9
130
JAJIES WIlITCOJIB RILEY.
[18û1-S8
g;antc
ITIIJítcontb 1\ílC')!.
BORN in Greeufield, Inù., 1833.
WHEX TIlE FHOST IS OX TIlE PUKKIX.
[The Old Swimmin'-IIole, and 'Ln'en )Iore Poem.'l. By Bnif. F. .Tnhll-'wn, of
Boone. 1883.]
j{THE
the frost is on the punkin and the fodder'
in the shock,
V V And you hear the kYOllCk and gobble of the struttin' turkey-cock,
. And the clackin' of the guineys, and the cluck in' of the hens,
And the rooster's hallylooyer as he tiptoes on the fence;
o it's then's the times a fell('r is a-feelin' at his hest,
1Yith the risill' sun to greet him from a night of peaceful rest,
As he le
n es the house, hare-headed, and goes out to feeù the stock.
1Yhen the frost is on the punkin and the fodder's in the shock
They's something kind 0' harty-like ahout the atmo
phere
1Yhen the heat of summer's oyer and the coolin' fall is here.
Of cours(' we miss the flowers, and the hlossoms on the trees,
And the mumble of the hummin'-birds and buzzin' of the l)('es;
But the ajr's so appetizin'; and the landscape through the haze
Of a crisp and sunny morning of the airly autumn ùays
Is a pictur' that no painter has t.he colorin' to mock-
1Vhell the frost is on the punkin and the.fodder's in the shock.
The husky, rusty rustle of the tosscls of the corn,
And the raspin' of the tangled leayes, as golden as the mol'll;
The stuhble in the furries-Idnd 0' lonesome-like, but f;till
A-prf'achin' sermons to us of the barns they gro\Vccl to fill;
The strawstack in the medder, and the reaper in the shed;
The ho
ses in theyr stalls below-the cloyer overhead!-
0, it sets my heart a-clickin' like the tickin' of a clock,
1Vben the frost is on the punkin and the fOllder's in the shock!
TIlE "ELF C'IIJI...D.
[The Bn,<t..<t, aid, and ot/w' Sketches. 18136.]
L ITTLE Orphant Allie's ('Olll(' to our house to sta,
An' wash the cups and saucers up, and hrush the crumbs away,
An' shoo the chickens off the porch, an' dust the hearth, an' sweep,
An' make the fire, an' hake the bread, an' earn her hoanl-an'-keep;
An' all us other children, when the supper things is ùone,
"
e set aroullll the kitchen tire an' has the mostest fun
A-list'nin' to the witch tales 'at
\.llie tells about,
An' the gobble-uns 'at gits you
Ef you
Don't
'Watch
Out!
1861-88]
JA..JIES WHITCO..JIB RILEY.
131
Onc't they was a little boy wouldn't say his IH"ay'rs-
Au' when he went to bed at night, away up stairs,
His mammy heerd him holler, an' his daddy heenl him bawl,
An' when they turn't the kiv\"crs down, he wasn"t there at all!
An' they seeked him in the rafter-room, an' cuLby-hole, :1U' press,
An' see ked him up the chimbly-flue, an' ever'wheres, I guess,
But all they ever found was thi:,;t his pants an' roundaùout!
...-\..n' the gobble-uns '11 git you
Ef yon
Don't
,,- a tch
Out!
An' one time a 1ittle girl 'ud anus laugh an' grin,
An' make fun of ever' one an' all her blood-an'-kin,
.\.n' onc't when they wns ., compnny," an' ole folks was there,
She mocked 'em nn' shocked 'em, an' said she didn't care!
.\.n' thist as she kicked her heels, an' turn"t to run an" hide,
They wa:-,; two great big Black Things a-stnndin' uy her side,
An' they snatched ller through the ceilin' 'fme she knowcd what she's about!
An' thc gouule-uns '11 git you
Ef you
Don't
,,- atch
Out!
An' little Orphant Allie says, when the hlaze is hlue,
An' the lampwick sputters, an' the wind goes woo-oo!
An" you hear the crickets quit, an' the moon is gray,
...\.n' the lightnin'-hl1g
in llew is all squenchell away,-
You hetter mind yer parcnts, and yer teachers fond and dear,
.\.n' cll urish 'em 'at Io\'es you, an" dry the or ph ant's tear,
An' he'p the pore an' needy ones 'at clusters all nuout,
Er the gobble-un::; '11 git you
Ef yon
Don't
'Wateh
Out!
GRIU(,SnY's STATIOX,
[Aftl'1"1l'7/111'.
. l
:-:s.]
p.\P'S got his patent-right, and rich as all creation;
But where's the peace and comfort that we all had before
Le's go a-visitin' back to Griggsby's t;tation-
Back where we ust to he so happy and so pore!
The likes of us a-livin' here! It's jest It mortal pity
To see us in this great hig hOll"e. with cyarpcti> on the stairs,
13
JA.J.1JES WHITOOMB RILEY.
[1861-88
And the }1Ump right in the kitchen! And the city! city! city!
And nothin' but the city all around us ever'wheres!
Climb clean above the roof and look from the steeple,
And never see a robin, nor a beech or ellum tree!
And right here in ear-shot of at least a thousan' people,
And nOlle that neighhors with us, or we want to go and see!
Le's go a-yisitin' back to Griggsby's Station-
Back where the latch-string's a-hangin' from the door,
And ever' neighbor 'round the place is dear as a relatinn-
Back where '....e list to be so happy and so pore!
I want to see the 'Wiggenses, the whole kit and hilin',
A drivin' up from Shallor Ford to stay the Sunday through;
And I want to see 'em hitch in' at their son-in-law's and pilin'
Out there at 'Lizy Ellen's like they ust to do!
I want to see the piece-quilts the Jones girls is makin';
Anù I want to pester Laury 'bout their freckled hired. hand,
And joke her 'bout the widower she come purt' nigh a-takin"
THl IJCr pap got his pension 'loweù in time to save his land.
Le's go a-yisitin' hack to Griggshy's Station,
Back where the
"s nothin' aggervating an
l more,
Shet away safe in the \\ oOtis aroullli the old location-
Back w here we ust to be so lUì})PY and so pore!
I want to see )[ariIllly and he'p her with her sewin',
And hear her tnlk so lovin' of hel' man that's dead and gone,
And stand up with Emanuel to show me how he's growin',
And smile as I have f.:aw her 'fore she put her mournin' 011.
And I want to see the Samples, on the old lower eighty,
"There John, our oldest hoy, he was tuk and Imrried-for
His own sake and Katy'g,-and I want to cry with Katy
As she rends an his letters over, writ from The 'War.
What's in all this grand life and high situation,
And nary a pink nor hol1yhawk bloomin' at the door?
Le's go a-visitin' back to Griggshy's Station-
Back where we ust to be so happy au.d so pore!
KXEE-DEEP I
JUNE.
TELL you what I like the best-
'Long ahout knee-deep in June,
'Bout the time strawberries melts
On the yine,-some afternoon
Like to jes' git out aIllI rest,
And not work at nothill' else!
Orchard's where I'd ruther be-
Xéedn't fence it in fer me!
Jes' the whole sky overhead,
And the whole airth underneatb-
Sorto' so's a man kin breathe
Like he ort, and kind 0' has
-.
,11iI' .
l
,
.' ,-
.
.
J
,. .
.
,
II I,
I,'
.;...
'/ 1iI1I1) '''''IU/II. //111 /
//////
. a
J
1\.
1861-88]
JA..VE8 WH/l'COMlJ RILEY.
133
Elbow-room to keerlessly
Sprawl out len'thways on the grass
'Where the shadders thick and soft
As the kivvers on the bed
Mother fixes in the loft
Allus, when they's company!
Jes' a sort 0' lazein' there-
S'lazy, 'at you peek and peer
Through the wavin' leaves aùove,
Like a feller 'at's in love
And don't know it, ner don't keel"!
Ever'thing you hear and see
Got some sort 0' interest--
Maybe find a ùluebird's nest
Tucked up there conveenently
Fer the boys 'at's apt to be
Up some other apple-tree!
Watch the swallers skootin' past
'Bout as peert as you could ast;
Er the Bobwhite raise and whiz
'Vhere some other's whistle is,
Ketch a shadtler down below,
And look up to find the crow;
:Er a hawk away up there,
'P('arantly froze in the air!
Hear the old hen squawk, and squat
O'"er every chick she's got,
Suddent-like !-And she knows where
That-air hawk is, well as you!
You jes' bet yer life she do!
Eyes a-glitterin' like glass,
'Vaitin' till he makes a pass!
Pee-"- ees' singin', to express
)Iy opinion, 's second class,
Yit you'11 hear 'em more or less;
Sapsucks gittin' down to biz,
Weed in' out the lonesomeness;
::\Ir. Bluejay, full 0' sass,
In them hase-uall clothes 0' his,
Sportin' 'round the orchard jes'
Like he owned the premises!
f'un out in the fields kin sizz,
But flat on yer back, I guess,
In the shade's where glory is!
That's jes' what I'd like to do
Stiehly fer a year er two!
Plague! ef they ain't sornpin' in
1V ork 'at kind 0' goes ag'in
My convictions !-'long about
Here in June especially!
under some old apple-tree,
Jcs' a-re:5tin' through and through,
I could git along without
Nothin' else at all to do
Only jes' a-wish in' you
'Vas a-gittin' there like me,
And June was eternity!
Layout there and try to see
Jes' how lazy you kin he!-
Tumhle round and souse your head
In the clonr-hioolll, er pull
Yer stntw hat acrost yer eyes,
AIHI peek through it at the skies,
Thinkin' of old chullls 'at's dead,
)Iayhe smilin' back at you
In betwixt the beautiful
Clouds 0' gold and w h i te and blue!
:1\lonth a man kin milly love-
June, you know, I'm talkin' of!
l\larch aint never nothin' new!
April's altogether too
Brash fer me! and )Iay-I jes'
'Bominate its promises,
Little hints 0' sunshine and
Green around the timl)Cr-lancl-
A few blossoms, and a few
Chip-birds, and a !'prout er two-
Drap asleep, amI it turns in
'Fore daJlight and snows ag'in!
But whcn June comes-Clear my throat
'Yith wild honey! Rench my hair
In the ell'W! and hold my coat!
"
hoop out loud! and throw my hat!
June wants me, and I'm to spare!
Spread them shadders anywhere,
I'll git clown and waller there,
And obleeged to you at that!
134
JAJ.fES WllITCOJIB RILE
[1861-88
A LIZ-TOWN HU
IORIST.
B ETTIN' round the stove, last night,
Down at Wess's store, WfiS me,
And Mart Strim})les, Tunk, and 'Vhite,
And Doc Bills, and two er three
Fellers of the l\ludsock tribe
No use tryin' to describe!
And says Doc, he says, says he,-
" Talkin' 'bout good things to eat,
Ripe mush millon's hard to beat! "
I chawed on. And )lart he 'lowed
'W ortermillon beat the mush.
"Red," he says, "and juicy-Hush!
I'll jes' leave it to the crowd! "
Then a l\Iudsock chap, says he,
"Punkin's good enough fer me-
Punkin pies, I mean," he says,-
"Tl1em beats millolls! What say,
'Wess? "
I chawe<1 on. And Wess says,-" Well,
You jes' fetch that wife of mine
An yer wortermillon-rine,
And she'll bile it down a spell-
In with sorgllm, I suppose,
And what else, Lord only knows!
But I'm here to tell all hands,
Them p'serves meets my demands! ,.
I ('hawed on. Ana 'White he says,
" 'V ell. I'll jcs' stand in with 'Vess-
I'm 110 hog!" And Tunk says,-"I
Guess I'll pastur' out on pie
With the )Iudsock boys! " says he;
"Now what's younl ?" he says to me;
I chawed on-fer-quite a spell-
Then I speaks up, slow and dry,-
" J es' tobacker! " I-says-I.
And you'd orto' hecrd 'em yell!
THE OLD l\IA
_\.
D JDI.
O LD man never had much to say-
'Ceptin'to Jim-
And Jim was the wildest boy he had,
And the old man jes' wrapped up ill him!
Never heer"a him !'òpeak hut once
Er twice in my life,-and first time wns
"\Vhen the army broke out, and Jim he went,
The old man backin' him, fer three months.--
Anù all 'at I heenl the old man say
'Vas, jes' as we turned to start away,-
" 'VeIl j goo<1- bye, .n m :
Take keel' of yourse'f! "
'Peared like he was more satisfied
Jes' lookin' at Jim
And likin' him all to hisse'f-likc, see
'Cause he was jes' wrapped up in him!
And over and over I mind the day
The old man come and stood rouno. in the way
'Vhile we was drillin', a-watchin' .Jim j
And down at the deepot a-heerin' him say,-
"'Veil j good -bye, Jim:
Take lwer of yourse'f! "
Neyer was nothin' about the farm
Distillg'ished Jim j-
1861-t>8]
JAJIES WHITCOMB RILEY.
135
Neighbors all ust to wonder why
The oM man 'peared wrapped up in him:
But when Cap. niggleI', he writ back
'At .Tim was the Imwest lJoy we had
In the "'hole dern rigiment, white er black,
And his fightin' good as his fannin' bad-
'At he had led, with a bullet clean
Bored through his thigh, and carried tIw flag
Through the bloodiest battle you ever seen,-
The old man wound up a letter to him
'At Cap, read to us, 'at said,-" Tell Jim
Good -bye;
\.nd take keel' of hisseï!"
Jim come hack jes' long enough
To take the "'him
'At he'd like to go hack in the calvery-
And the old man jes' ,,'rapped up in him!
Jim 'lowed 'at he'rl h:ul sich luck afore,
Guessed he'd tacklc hcr three years more,
And the old man give him a colt he'd raised
And fol1ered him over tu Camp Ben 'Vade,
And laid around fer a week er so,
'Vatchin' Jim on dress parade;
Tel finally he rid away,
And last he heel'll was the old man say,-
"'VeIl; good-lJye, Jim:
Take keel' of yourse'f! "
Tuk tlw papers, the old man (li(t
A-,,"atchin' fer Jim,
Fully believin' he'd make his mark
Sume way-jes' wrapped up in him!
And many a time the word 'u'd come
'At stirred him up like the tap of a drum:
At Petersburg, fer instance, whcre
Jim rid right into their canllons there,
And tuk 'em, amI p'inted 'em Cother way,
And sucked it home to the !Joys in gray,
As they skooted fer timlJer, and on and on-
Jim a Lieutenant an(l one arm gone,
And the old man's words in his mind all day,-
"'V ell; good-bye, .Jim:
Take keel' of your::;e'f! "
Think of a private, now, perhaps,
'Ve'll say like Jim,
'At's dumb dean up to the shonlder-straps-
And the old man jes' wrapped up in him!
Think of him-with the war plum' through,
And the glorious old Red-'Vhite-and-Blue
A-Iaughin' the news dowll over Jim
\.nd the old man, ùendin' over him-
136
HARRY S1TLLWELL EDWARDS,
[1861-88
The surgeon turnin' away with tear!'!
'At hadn't leaked fer years and years-
As the hand of the dyin' boy clung to
His father's, the old voice in his cars,-
" ". ell; good-Lye, Jim:
Take keel' of yourse'f! "
Tlte Century JJIagazine. 18ts8.
arrl'
tíllwcll (ftJwartJø.
BOH
ill )!aCOll, Ga., 1854.
"::\IIXC' "-_\ P]
OT,
[Tu'o RUlImN(!I!{, and ()fl",/" StfJ/"ip!{. lRR!).]
T HE trim little steamboat that plies Lake Harris, the loveliest of all Flor-
ida waters, emerged from the picturesque avenue of cypres::5 and trailing
mos
called Dead RivCl', which lead::; out of Eustis, and glided as a shadow
betwixt sea and sky toward its harbor, fourteen miles awaj-. It had been the
perfection of a )Iay day, and the excursionists, wearied at last of sight-seeing,
wel'e gathered upon the forward deck. The water-slopes of the highlands on
the right, with their dark lines of orange-trees and theÜ' nestling cottages,
lay restful in the evening shadow fast stretching out toward the boat, for the
sun was dipping below the horizon, with the stately pines in silhouette upon
his broad red face. "Home, Sweet Homc," "Old Kentucky Home, " and
"Old Folk
at Home" had hecn rcndered by the singers of the party with
that queer mixture of pathos and bathos so inseparabl
T connected with e
-
cursion songs, and a species of nothing-else-to-bc-llonc Filcnce settled oyer the
group, hroken only hy the soft throb of the engine and the swish of diyiding
waters. Prc::,ently some one began a dissertation upon negro songs, and by
easy stage.s the convcl'sation drifted to negro stories. Among the excursion-
ists sat a gmy-haired, tall, soldierly looking gentlcman whom everyone caned
"Colonel, " and whose kindly eyes lJeamed out from unùcr his soft felt b:tt in
paternal friendliness upon all.
"It is somewhat singular," he said at length, when tl1Cre had come a lull
in the conver:-:ation, "' that none of the Ftory-writers haxe cver dealt with the
negro as a resident of two continents. 'Vhy could not a good story be writtcn,
the scenc laid partly in Africa and partly in thc South? I am not familiar
enough with the literature of this kind and the romances that have been
written about our darkies to say positively that it bas not been alrcady donc,
lJut it seems to me that the opportunity to develop a character from the say-
age to the civilized state is ycry fine and wou1cl take well. Victor Hugo has
a negro in one of his 'Vest India romances whose name I forget now-the
story used. to be familiar- "
1861-88]
HARR r S17LL WELL ED WARDS.
137
"Bug-Jargal," suggested some one.
"So it was. But in this reference is made only to the man's ancestry; and
I never thought the character true to life. Hugo did not know the negro."
" But, Oolonel, is it llot true that these people Wf're the veriest sayages, and
'would it not be tou great a strain upon the reali
tic ideas of the day to ven-
ture into Africa for a hero, especially since Rider Haggard has iùealizeù it?"
"I don.t think so. 'Ye have no "ay of a
certaiuing just how much the
imported slm-es really knew, but it is a fact that a few were remarkable for
;;:ome kind of skill and intelligence. They were nut cummunicative, and soon
drifted into the dialect of their llew neigh burs, forgetting their own. I had a
negro on my plantation who undoubtedly camc from A.frica. I was present
when my father bought him upon the streets of E,avannah, becoming inter-
e
teù in his story soon after he was landeù. His mother was de::;cribeù as a
sort of prieste;-:s
or, as we say, a Voodoo-in her nutÏ\-e land, which was near
the western coast of Africa, :,Ollle twelve hundred miles north of Cape of Good
Hope. Her influence for evil, it seems, 'wa
so remarkable that :1::; soon as
}>o:-:sible she was separated from the cargo and 8ent on to one of thc Gulf ports.
This fellow was then prohably about thirty year::; olù-a little jet-black man
with small, hright eyes of rcmarkable IJrilliancy. He secmed ,-ery glad to go
with us, and, I may adù, ne\-er at an)T time afterward did he ever give trouble,
hut did readily what was required of him, He seemed to take a fancy to me
from the first, and his ]o,e-l I'ay love, for J helieve it was genuine affection
-gradually extended to an white children. For chilL1ren of his own color-
I won't say race. for in many respects he differed from the ordinary negro-
110 entertained the liveliest disguio;t. X ow, a
tory-writer could take that i'1:1ve
and with the help 1 might give him-his life with U::;, hioS peculiarities, powers,
certain singular coincidences, and the mauneI' of hi::; ùeath-we:n c a very in-
terc:-:ting romance."
., 0 Oolonel, do tell us the story!" The appeal came in the I'hape of a
chorus from the ladies pre
ent. and ,,-a::; at once reênforcefl by the others. A
pair of sweethearts who had been leaning O\-er the how came :-lowly baek on
hearing it, and added their solicitatiollð. The genial olù gentleman ]augheù
aud looked out upon the waters.
"1 dill not know I was ðpreading a net for my own feet, " he said. "The
story of this fellow would require half a night, en'n were I able tò put it ill
shape, but I can give a rough outliue of s()me features of it. ')Iinc,' a:-; he
was called, though hi::; name as near as 1 ('au imitate his pronunciation was
'::\Ieeng'r, '-
Jille was for a long time a sort of elephant on the familJ's hands.
Iy mother was a little afraid of him, I think, anù the negroes themselves
nevcr did entircly overcome their respect for him enough to treat him exactly
as one of them, although, as I have intimated, he wa
perfectly harmless.
"::\Iinc, however, OIle aay e
hibiteù a strange power over animalð" hich is
en'UIlOW a mystery to me. Hl' could take a ùrove of hogs allù by a series of
<llteer little
ound
. half grunt:::, half g-roans, reduce them to
ubmissioIl and
drive them where he would, Graù.uan
-, as the rule", for feediug and taking
care of them became known to him, he was gi Yell charg-e of the plantation
hogs, of which there were the or six hundred, and no slllall n'ðponsibility it
138
HARB Y STILL WELL 1:.7) WARDS.
[1861-88
was. I remember he at once fashioned him a little instrument from the
horn of a yearling; with this he could go into the swamp anel by a few notes
thereon call them up on the run. That one horn lasted him all his life, anù
he was with us thirty-odd years. He used to wear it hung round hi::; neck by
a string, and it was the one pos::;essioll that the children could not get away
from him for even a moment. I think that prolJably some superstition re-
strained him.
.. Another queer power possessed b
- )Iinc was in connection with gra
s-
hoppers. I ha\-c seen him hundreds of times go into the orcbarù where the
crab-gra
s was tall, and standing perfectly still give forth from his chest a
mu
ical humming sounel. If there were any big urown gras::5hoPlwrs within
hearing they would fly up, dart about, Hndlight upon him, SomHimes he
would let mc stand by him. and then the gra
shoppers would come to mc also;
but )Iillc could catch tlH'm without any trouble, while any mo,emcnt from
my hand drove them off. :\Iinc," continued the :,pcaker, laughing softly,
" used to eat the things, "-cxclamations from the ladics,-" and I am told
that certain tribes in
\..frica are very fond of them."
,. Boi led in a bag and eaten with salt they are not had, .. said a
-oung gen-
tlcman with the reputation of having been everywhere. .. I have eaten what
was probably the Bame insect, though under the name of l()cHl't
." plore ex-
clamations.) ., 'Vhy not? " he addcd in defen
e. ., Can anything bc wurse to
look upon than :,hrimps:"
"'Ydl," continued the Oolonel, "I soon bl.oke )Iinc of eating thcm. The
grasshoppers were my favorite bait for fbh, and )Iinc developed into a mo
t
successful angler, quite abandoning his cane spear-though, by the way, he
was as certain of a victim when he struck as was a fish-hawk. I think the
plantation rations also had somcthing to do with his changc of diet.
" ,r ell, as )[inc's queer powers came to be known he was not greatly sought
after by the other negrocs. They are slow to speak of their
uperstitions, but
it soon developed that they regarded him as Leing in league with spirit;,:. He
liyed in a little cabin down on the cl.cek apart from the others. and there was
my favurite haunt, for I was lllorc than delighted with )[inc's aC'complish-
ments, and )Iinc wa
rapidly learning from IllC the use of many word
, which
gavc me a sort of proprietary interest in him. In time he camc to speak as
well as the average negro, but he had a way of running his words together
when excited that made him alllmt unintelligihle. I never did get much in-
formation from him concerning his former life. He didn't seem to be able
to com-ert terms well enough to express himself. lie had lived near great
swamps, ate fish, was familiar with the hog-this much I gle:med; and from
time to time he would recugnize lJir(l
and animals and excitcdl}' give me
what were evidently their names in his own country. Of course this all came
to me at odd time; from year to year, and did not make a great impres::;ion.
I remember, though, thnt rcference to his capture had alw2-Ys a depl"{>ssing
effect npon him, ancI at such times he would go off about hi
work. I suppose
the memory of his mother wus the cause uf this: and I soon found that to
speak to him of the matter would co::;t me )Iinc'::; company, and so I quit
bringing up the subject.
1861-88]
HARRY STILLWELL EDWARDS.
139
"The things in connection with Minc that puzzled me more were his super-
stitions. Doubtless they werf' taught him by his mother, and the first inti-
mation of them I had was when he caught a gopher, and with a bit of wire
ground to an exceedingly fine point cut on its shell a numbcr of curious signs,
or hieroglyphics, different from an},thing I had ever seen, except that tlwre
was a pretty fair representation of the snn. He then took this gopher Lack
to where he found it and turned him loose at the en trancc of his burrow,
making gestures indicating that the gopher was going far down into the earth.
He did something of this kind for every gopher he caught. One day he SllC-
ceeded in snaring a grcen-head duck, and upon its oroad bill he carved more
hieroglyphics, This done, to my a
tonishment, and probably to the duck's
also, he tossed the bird high in the air and laughed as it sped away. ..I..-\.s the
years went by I saw him treat many birds after the same fashion. If there
was room for only one or two figures, he would put thelll on, and let the bird
go. But as he grew older
Iinc ate the large majority of his captures, just as
any other negro would,
" "
el1, many years pa
sed away; I grew up and married, By thiE: time
::\Iinc was long since a feature of the plantation.
Iy childrcn in time took
m
' place with him, and many's the ride he gave them in his little two-wheel
cart behind the oxen, I shoulù have said before that he used to haul corn to
the hogs when in distant fields, and wood for the house-fires on the way Lack.
The negroes no longer feared him, but the negro children would run past his
wagon as be plodded along and sing:
'Ole enc. 3Iinc
r nder th' hill,
Hi:,; eyes stick out
Like tater hilL
Juha di.. and Juha !lat,
Juba roun' de kitch'n fat,-
.Tuha ketch er-er-'
"Oh, wen, I forget how the rhyme ran; but )Iinc would stop eyer)' time
and hurl a string of words at them which no one could e\er exactly tran::5late;
and the little brats, delighted at having provoked the outburst, would kick
up their heels and scamper off. But along in the war," continued the Oolonel,
after yielding a moment to a quiet shake of his sides oyer the rccollectiolls
trooping up, ., ::\Iinc filled another office. It was found that by means of a
notched stick, scarcely two feet in length, he could keep books, ::-,0 to l5ay, as
well as unyLody, I can't. and ne,'er will, I reckon, fathom the fellow's system.
lIe often tried to explain it: Lnt when he had finished, you would know just
ahout what you knew at first and be a Jittle confused as to that. But he never
was known to make a miðtake.
cnt into the fields, he wouJù wcigh cotton for
forty pickers all day and report at night just what each picked in the morn-
ing and evening and the sum of all-and all by means of his notch('
. I am
absoJutely f.1ure he brought the system from Africa, for no one ever was ahle
to understand it on the plantation, and ::\Iinc never Jiyed a dav off it. You
will see the relation these incirlents bear to my first propo
ition ds to imported
negroes being ::5imply ::'ayages.
140
HARR Y STILL WELL ED WARDS,
[1861-88
" The death of
Iinc was tragic and surrounded by some remarkable cir-
cumstances, and here flgain comes the story-writer's field. Two years before
his death
linc had caught anù tamed a little cooter about twice the size of a
silver dollar. He would hum a queer little tune for his pet, and the thing
would walk around the floor for all the world as if he was trying to dance.
Then he would come when called, and was particularly fond of sleeping in
)Iinc's dark jacket-pocket, where I suspect he found crumbs. :Mine would
sometimes throw him into the creek just in front of his cabin, but the little
thing would scramble out and get back to the hut again if Minc was in sight;
if not he staid
n nn eddy close by. You will understand directly why I :-;peak
so particularly of this. As the cooter grew larger, )Iinc amused himself bv
cutting hieroglyphics all over its back. Into these lines he rubbed dyes of hfs
own manufacture, and the result was a very ntriegated cooter. The old man
carried him almost cOlltinually in his pocket; partly, I think, because the
animal's antics always amused the children, and partly because he was the
cause of l\Iinc's getting many a biscuit. He would frequently come to the
house, and sitting on the back porch make' Teeta. . as he callefl tLe cooter, go
through with his tricks. These gcnorally resuHed in }linc's getting biscuit
or cake for Teeta, and in his lying down and letting the animal crawl into his
pocket after it, a feat that closed the performance.
.. 'fen, one day l\Iinc was mis
ing. Everything about his cabin was in or-
der, but he did not return. He never did return. Search was made, of cour
e,
and he was finally giyen np. The ncgroes ùragged the creek, but not with
much expectation of finding him, for I åm afraill that some of them belien
d
that Olel Nick had taken him hodily. But a month aftcrward my oldest hoy
was hunting in the big swamp for the hogs, which had. oecoUlc badly scattered.
since )Iinc's death, when in crossing a tree that had fallen over one of the
many lagoons thereabout, whom should he see ôitting there but Teeta, watch-
ing him with his keenlittlf' black eye
, the patch of sunlight he had cho:-;en
bringing out the tattoo mark
upon his shell. The next instant Tf'eta diyell
off the log and disappeared. Tom came home and told of his ad \-enture.
Taking a party of negroes, I returncd witl.J him and dragged the lagoon.
Just where the cooter had dived we fouud the hody of poor old Minc. He
had fallen off the log, and becoming entangled ill tho sunken branches had
d.rowned. And in the rotting poch.et of his old jacket we found the cooter hid
away. "
The Colonel raised his hand as exclamations broke from the party.
"X 0; yon must let me finish. The finding of the cooter WHS not the most
singular thing connected with the death of .Minc. Upon our return home one
of the superstitious negroes, greatly to my distress, cut off Tecta's head. He
wanted it to place it under his doorstep. This was to protect the place from old
:Jlinc, of course; but I had the shell cleaned, and the children kept it as a
memento of tho faithful old slaye whom they hall dearly loved.
,. Relating this story once to an eminent tmyeller," continued the Colonel,
"he
llggested that I should send it to the British )Iusel1m with its hi
tory
written out; and. going to Xew York soon after, I carried it with mC'. It lay
forgotten, howû"er, in my trunk, and I did not notice it again until one day
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1861-88]
KLJIUEL JILVT'CR.1..V PECK.
141
I happened to be in X ew Orlf'ans. There was then in that city an aged ne-
gres
, claiming to be a Y ooc1oo, and creating considerable stir among the
:x crthcrll attcuclallts upon )Iarc1i-Gras. I don't know what suggested it, but
it occurred to me one day that I would let her look at the !'hell. It was a
mere fancy, or impulse, if you will. I carried it to her. She ,,'as, indeed, an
old woman, small in stature, and bent nearly douhle. "
ithout speaking a.
word, I placed the shell ill her hand. She gave one long, fixed look at it, and
traighteneù np as if caðting off the weight of half a century. Her lips parted,
but she could not speak. Then her form resumed. its crook again, and plac-
ing her hanel against the small of her back, she gasped for hreath. WÏth her
hri2"ht black eyes fixecl upon me she said at last,.after a "Violent struggle,
. )Ieeng'r!' It was a lUere whi
per. I spent an hour with the poor old creature,
and tolù her the story of her son's life, for it was undoubtedly hc. I gleaned
from her that the hieroglyphics upon thcshell were taught him by her,-wbat
they signified she would not say,-alld that he had written them upon the
birds of the air, the bea
ts of the field, Hnd the inhabitHuts of the water, that
they might Le borne to hcr w here-rer hid. T ne"Ver got my shell hack: it would
haye IJeen like tearing the miniature of a dead child from its mother's bo
om.
AmI the old woman, when I went to see hf'r next day, had disappeared, "
Hcre the old gentleman arose and went forward.
an\ucl ß:líntuttt
c,ft.
BORè'i ill Tuslmloosa, Ala., 1854.
BE
:-;IE BR0WX, )1. D.
[Gap and Bells. 1886.]
' T WAS April whcn she came to town;
Thc hil"lls had come, the lwc::> were
swarming.
Her name, she said, was Doctor Brown:
I saw at once that she was charming.
She took a cottagc tinted grecn,
'Yherc dewy roscs loved to mingle;
And on thc door, next day, was seen
...\. dainty little shingle.
lIpr hair was likc :111 amher wrcath;
Her hat was darker, to euhf\llce it.
The violet cyes that glowed bcneath
'Vere hrighter than her keenest lancet.
The beauties of hcr glove and gown
The sweetc
t rhyme ,,'ouhl fail to
utter.
Ere "hc had been a clay in to"- n
The tOWI1 was in a flutter.
The gallants vicwed hcr fect and hanc1s.
.And swore thcy ne\'er saw such wee
things;
Thc gossips mct in purring bands
And torc her pieccUleal u.cr the tea-
things.
The former drank the Doctor's health
'Vith clinking cup:-;, thc gay carousers;
The lattcr watched her door Ly stcalt II,
Just like so many mouscrs.
nut Doctor Hes
ic went her way
Lnmindful of thc spiteful cronies,
And droyc her hn
gy cyery day
Behind a dashing pair of ponies.
Hcr flower-like facc
n hright she bore,
I hoped that time might never wilt her.
The way bhc tripped across the floor
'Vas hctter thau a philter.
142
SA.JIFEL .J.1ILYTCR;V PECK.
[1861-88
Her patients thronged the village street;
Her snowy slate was always quite full.
Some said her hitters tasted sweet,
And some pronounced her pills delight-
ful.
'Twas strange-I knew not what it
meant-
She seemed a nymph from Eldorado;
\\?here'er she came, where'er she went,
Grief lost its gloomy shadow.
.
Like all the rest, I too glew ill;
My aching heart there was no quelling.
I tremble at my doctor's hill,-
And lo! the items still are swelling.
The drugs I've drunk you'd weep to
hear!
They've quite enriched the fair con-
cocter,
And I'm a ruined man, I fear,
1Jnless-I wed the Doctor!
l\IY LITTLE GIRL.
1\ frY little girl is nested
l..'
'Vithin her tiny bell,
With amher ringlets crested
Around her dainty head;
She lies so calm and stilly,
She breathes so soft and low,
She calls to mind a lily
Half-hillden in the snow.
A weary little mortal
lIas gone to slumherland;
The Pixies at the portal
Have caught her by the hand;
She dreams her hroken dolly
\Vill soon be mencled there,
That looks so melancholy
Upon the rocking-chair.
I kiss your" aywanl tr('
::>es,
l\Iy drowsy little qneen ;
I know you have cares
es
From floating forms unseen.
0, Angels, let me keep her
To kiss away my cares,
This darling little sleeper,
\Vho has my love and prayers!
THE CAPT AIK.S FEA TRER.
T HE dew is on the heather,
The moon is in the sky,
And the captain's waving feather
Proclaims the hour is nigh
\Vhen some upon their horsc3
Shall through the hattle ride,
And some with hleeding corseS
::\lust on the heather Lide.
The ilust is on the heather
The moon is in the
ky,
And about the captain's feather
The bolts of battle fly;
But hark, what sudden wonder
Breaks forth upon the gloom?
It is the cannon's thuncler-
It is the voice of doom!
The Llooel is on the heather,
The night is in the sky,
And the gallant captain's fcather
8h,111 'wave no more on high;
The grave and holy brother
To God is saying )la8s,
But who shall tell his mother,
And who shall tell his lass?
1861-88]
F'RA..iYCL5 lJfARION CRA rrFORD.
143
!ftatttí
jflatíon Q:rawfoti:J.
BORX at the Batl1s of Lucca, Italy, 1854.
THE TRAGEDY OF GREIFEXSTEIX.
[Grelfellslein. lS
9.]
I T is doubtful whether Greifenstein would have recognized his brother, if
he had met him under any other circumstances. Forty years had pa
sed
since they had met, and both were olù men. The difference between their
ages was not great, for Greifenstein's father had died within the year of his
Ron's birth, and his mother bad married again three years later. In her turn
she had died when both were :young men, and from that time Greifenstein bwl
seen little of his half-brother, who had been brougbt up by his own father in a
different part of the country. Thenyoung Rieseneck had entered the Prussian
service, and a few years latCl' had been ruined by the consequences of his evil
deeds.
Greifenstein saw before him a tall man, with abundant white hair and a
snowy beard, of bronzed complexion, evidently strong in spite of his years,
chiefly remarkable for the heayy black eyebrows that shaded his small gray
eyes. The latter were placed too near together, and the eyelids slanted down-
ward at the outer side, which gave the face an expre
sion of intelligence and
great cunning. Deep lines furrowed the high forehead, anù descended in
bruad curves from beneath the e"Ves till they lost themselves in the beard.
Kuno yon Rieseneck was evi(lently a man o(strong feelings and pas:o;Îons, of
energetic temperament, c1e,er, unscrupuluus. but liable to go astray after
strange ideas, and possibly capable of something very like fanaticism. It was
indeed not credible that he shuuld have done the deeùs which had wrecked
his life out of cold calculation, and
'et it was imro
ðible to believe that he
could be wholly àisintel'ested in anything he did. The whole effect of his per-
Eonality was disquieting.
He entered the room with slow step
, keeping his eyes fixed upon his brother.
ThesernLnt clused the door behind him, and the two men were alone. Riesen-
eck paused when he rrached the middle of the apartment. For a moment his
feature:, moyed a little nneasily, and then he spoke,
,. Hugo, do you know me ?"
" Yes, " answered Greifenstein, "I know you "fery well. " IIe kept his hands
hehind him and did not change his position as he stood bcfore the fire.
"Y un got my letter? " inquired the fugitive.
" Yes, I will do what YOU a:-:k of me. "
The answers came in a' hartl, cuntcmptuon
voice, for Greifenstein was al-
most choking with rage at being thus forced to receive and protect a man
whom he both despised unù hated. But Ricseneck did not expect any very
cordial welcome, and his e:\.pression did not vary.
" I thank you," he answered. .. It is the only fa\or I ever asked of yon,
and I give you my word it shall ùe the la:::t."
144
FRANCIS JL!RIG.N CRA WFORD.
[1861-88
Greifenstein's piercing eyes gleamed dangerously, and for an instant the
anger that burned in him glowed ,isibly in his face.
" Y our-" He would ha,e said " your word, .. throwing into the two syl-
lables all the contempt he felt for one whose word had been so broken. But
he checked him
e]f galbnt1.r. In spite of aU, Rie
elleck was his guest and
had come to him for protection, and he would not insult him. " You shall
he safe to-morrow night, .. he said, controlling his tongue.
But Rieseneck had beard tbe first word. and knew what should have fol-
luwed it. He turned a little pale, bronzed though he was, und he let bis bam1
re
t npon the back of a chair beside him.
" I will not trouble yon further," he
aid. .. If yon will show me a place
where I can sleep, I will ùe ready in the morning. ..
":Yo, '. answered Greifellstein. ,. That will not do. The servants know
that a yisitor is in the house. They will expect to see yuu at dinner. Besides,
you are probably hungry."
Perhaps be regretted ha,ing shown his brother, even by the suggestion of
a phrase, what was really in his heart. and the feeling of the Rncient gnest-
right made him relent a little.
,. Sit down, , he added, as Rieseneck seemed to hesitate. "It will be neces-
sary that yon dine with us and meet my wife. "T e must not excite suspicion. "
" Yon are married then? .. said Rieseneck. It was more like a thoughtful
reflection than a question. Though he had written to his hrother more than
once, the latter's answers, when he vuuchsafed any, had been curt and Imsi-
ne:-,
like in the extreme.
"I have been married five and twenty years," Greifellstein replied. It was
strange to he informing his brother of the fact.
Rie
rneck sat down upon a high chair and rested his elbow upon the table.
Neither spoke for a long time, but Greifenstein resumed his seat, relighted
hi:; pipe, and placed hil3 feet upon the fender, taking precisely the attitude in
which he had been when his brother was announced. The situation was
almost intolerab]e, but his habits helped him to hear it.
., I was abo married, " :said Rieseneck at lal3t, in a low ,oice, as though
speaking to himself. ., You never
aw my wife?" he asked rather sud-
denlv.
"
o. ..
"She died." cuntinul'11 the otber, "It was very long ago-more than
thirty years. '.
"IndC't'd," said GrC'ifenstein. as though he cared "\er}' little to hear more.
Again there was silence in the room, broken only by the crackling of the
fir logs in the fire and by the ticking of the c10ek in its tall carved case in the
corner. A full hour must elapse before the evC'ning meal, and Greifenstein
did not know wbat to do with his unwelcome p-ue:,t. At last the latter took
out a black South American cigar and lit it. For a few muments he smoked
tllOughtfull
', and then, as though the fragrant fumes had the power to un-
looðe his tongue, be again began to talk.
"She died," be said, "She ruined me. Ye:,
did you never hear how it
\\'a
? And yet I loved her. She woulù not follow me. Then they sent me
1861-88J
FRANCIS MARION CRA WFORD.
145
some of her hair and the boy. But for her, it might never have happened;
and yet I forgi ve her. Yon never heard how it all happened?"
"I never inquired," answered Greifenstein. "Y ou say she ruined you.
How do you mean?"
"
he made me do it. She was an enthusiast for liberty and rC\"olntion.
She filled my mind with ideas of the people's sovereignty.
he talked of
nothing else. She ùesought me on her knees to join her party, as she called
it. She flattered me with dreams of greatness in a great republic, she illu-
minated crime in the light of heroism, she pushed me into secret societies,
and laughed at me for my want of couragp, I loved her, and she made a fool
of me, worðe than a fool, a traitor, worse than a traitor, a murderer, for she
persuaded me to give the arms tu the mob; she made me an outlaw, an exile,
an object of hatred to my countrymen, a thing loathi'ome to all who knew
me. And yet I loved her, even when it was all o,'er, and I would have given
my soul to have her with me."
Greifensteill's face expressed unutterable contempt for this man "rho ill
the strength and pride of youth had laid down his honor for a woman'ð word,
not even for her love, since he had posse...secl that alreaòy.
'" It seems to me, " he said, '" that there was one very simple remedy for
you..'
" A little lead in the right place. I know. And Jet I li,"ed, and I live 'Itill.
Why? I do not know. I believed in the revolution, though she had forced
the belief upon me, and I continued to believe in it until long after I went to
South America, And when I had ceased to believe in it, no one cared whether
I lived or died, Theu came this hope, and this blow. I could almo
t do it
now. .,
Greifenstein looked fit him curiously for a moment, and then rose from his
place and went deliberately to a huge, dark piece of furniture that stood be-
tween the window...:. He brought back a polished mahogany case, unlocked
it, au(l set it be
ide hið brother upon the table, under the light of the lamp.
Riescneck knew what he meant well enough, but he did not wince. On the
contrary he opened the case and looked at the beautiful weapon, as it lay all
loadpfl and ready fur use' in its lJ('(l of green baize cloth. Then he lai(l it on
the table again, and pu
hed it a little' away from him.
"Kot now," he' said qnieH}', '"r am in your house. You wouM have to
declare my identity. It would make a scandal. I will not do it. "
"You had better put it into your pocket," unswered Greifenstein grimly,
hut without a trace of unkimlness in his voice. " Yon may like to have it
about yon, you know."
Rie
eneck luoked at hi:; brother in silence for a few seconds, and then took
the thing onee more in his hand
.
"Do yon mean it as a gift?' he asked. "' You might not care to claim it
afterwards. "
" Ye3. "
,. I thank you." He took the revolver from the case, examined it attentive-
ly, and then slipped it into his breast-pocket. "I thank you," he repeated.
" I do not posses
one."
VoL. XI. -10
146
FRA.NCIS JIARIO..LY CRA WFúllD.
[1861-88
Greifenstein wondered whdher Rieseneck would ìWT"e the courage to act
upon the suggestion. To him there was nothing horrible in the idea. He
was merely offering this' despicable creature the means of eRcape from the
world's contempt. He himself, Ül such a ca
e, would ha\e taken hi8 own life
long ago, and he eould not understand that anv mall should hesitate 'when
the proper eourse lay so ,-ery clem' hefore }Jim. oHe went back to his seat as
if nothing unusual had happene(1. The]}, as though to turu the con ,-ersation,
he began to speak of the plans for the murrow. He diù not really believe ill
hi
brother's intention:;;, but as an honorable man, according to his lights, he
conÚdered that he haJ done his dnty in giviug the weapon.
" \r e can ride a long distance," he said, "anù then we can walk. "
hen
.you are once at the 1a1.e, you can find a boat which will take yon oyer. I warn
JOu that it is far,"
., It will be enough if you show me the way," answered Rieseneck absently.
"Y ou are yery l...ind."
"It is my i
lterest, " f'aid Greifenstein, unwilling that his feelings 8hould
De misinterpreted. Then he rdapsed into silence.
'Yhen Clara heard that there was to be a guest at dinner, her first sensation
wa
one of extreme terror, but she was reassured hy the information her nwid
gave concerning the general appearance of Herr Brandt. The wuman had
not secn him, but had of course heard at onee a full description of hið person-
ality. He was described as a tall old gçlltleman, e
eeedingly '\"l'll dresseù,
though he had arrived on foot and ,,-ithout luggage. The maid supposed that
IÚs effects wuuld follow him, since he had chosen to walk. Beyond that, Clara
could ascertain nothinQ', but it was clear that she did not consiùer tbe ùetail
she learned as dcscritrl:i,-e of tlH' perf:on who:::e cuming !'he f(>arec1. On the
contrary, the prospect of a little change fwm the usual monotuny of the eyen-
ing had the effect of exhilarahng her spirit:', and she besto.wcù evenlllOl'e at-
tention than usnal npun the adornment of her thin person. The nature of
the woman could nut die. Her natural yanitv was so c.\.traordinarv that it
mightbaye been expected to survive death itðcli. She belonged to that stralJ:;re
dass of people who foresee even the effect they willpl'odnce wheu th(.y are
dead, who leave elahorate directions fur the disposal of their boùicð in the
most becoming manner, and who build for them:,clves appropriate tombs
while they are alive, decurated in a style agreeable to their tastes, Clara ar-
rayed her5elf in all her glory for the feast; she twisted the ringlets of her
abundant faded hair, until each co,-ered at least one U1JIlOxious line of fore-
head and temples; she laid the delicate color upon her sunhen cheek
with
amazing precision, and shaded it nrtistieally with the soft hare's foot, till it
was hlended with the whitene:-:s of the adjacent pearll,()w(ll'r: fdlC tOllched
the colorless eyebrows with the pointed black stick uf c(l
mctic that lay ready
to her hand in its small silver ca
c, and malIc her yellow nail:-;
bille \\ ith pink
pa
te and doeskin ruhhers till they reflected the caudle-light likl' poli:-;heù
llOrn. ,rith the utmost care she adjusted the rare old lace to hide the
inewy
. 1ine
of her emaciated throat, and then, ob8erviJlg the effect as her maid helLl
a second mirrur bC15iùe her f..ice, she hastened to touch thc shrivelled lobe8 of
1861-88]
FllA
VCIS JL1RIO
V CR
l WFORD.
147
her ears with a delicate rose color that set off the brilliancy of the single dia-
monds she wore as earrings. She opened and shut her eyelids quickly to make
her eye8 brighter, and held up her hands ðU that the bluod should leave the
raised network of the purple \eins less swollen and apparent. The patient
tire-woman ga,e one last scrutinizing glance and adjusted tlI(' rich folds of
tlw Úlk gown with con
iderable art, although such taste as she possessed was
outraged at the effect of the pale straw-color when worn by such au aged
beauty. Another look into the tall mirror. aud Clara yon Greifenstein was
81tisfied. She had done what she could do to heantify herself, to revive in
lIe}' own ei-es !'ome fain t memor
of that prettiness she had once seen reflect<>d
in her gla
, and she belieyecl that she had nut altogether failed. She even
miled contenteùly at her maid, before she left the chamlJer tu go tu the draw-
ing-room, It was a satisfaction to show herself to some one, it was a relief
frum the thoughts that had tormented her so long, it was a respite from her
husband's perpetual effort to amu
e her by real1Ïng aloUll. Fur a few hours
at least she was to hear the sound of an unfamiliar voice, to enjoy the refresh-
ing effect of a slight motion ill the stagnant poul of '''orn-out ideas that sur-
rounded her little islaIHl of life,
She dre\, herself up and walked delicately as she went into the drawing-
room. She had judged that her entrance would he effecti,-e, ::nul had timed
her coming so as to be
u]'e that her husband and Herr Brandt should be there
before her. 'rIlC room looked just as it usually did; it was luxurious, large,
warm, and softly lighted. Clara almost forgut her age so far as to wish that
there had het'll more lamps, though the
hade was undeniably advantageous
to her looks. She came forwurd, and saw that the two men were standing to-
gether before the fire. The door had moved noiselessly on its hinges, but the
Tu:-:tle of the silk gown made nreifen
tein and Rieseneck turn their heaù..;
lI1lllltaneously. Clara's eye::; rested on the stranger with some curio
ity. and
she noticed with satisfaction that his gaze fixed itself upon her own face. He
was evidently impres::)ed oy l)er appearance, anù her vain uld heart tluttered
pleasantly.
.. Permit me to present Herr Brandt, .. said Greifensteill, making a step
forward.
Clara inc1ined her head with an expression that was intended to be affahle.
and Rieseneek bowed gra\ely. She sank into a chair, and, looking up, :-:aw
that be was watching her with evident interest. It struck her that he was a
,cry pale man, aud though she haù at fir
t been pleased by his stare, she
IJeg-an to feel uncomfortahle as it cuntinued.
,. Yon arc old friends, I suppose?" she reUlarked
glancing at her husband
with a. smile.
Both men Lent their heads in assent.
,. } had the hOllOI' of knowing Herr ,-on Greifenstein when we were both
,cry young," said Rics('llceh. after a pause that had threatened to be awkward.
., Inde('d? ....\..nd you ha"e not met for a long time! How yer.,- strange!
But life is full of !'ueh things. you know." She laugheù llervousl
-.
'Yhile she was speaking, the intonations of nie
eneek's voice seemed to be
still ringing in her ears, nnd the yibratiou
touched a chorù uf her Ull'lllory
148
FRANCIS J1fARION CRA WFORD.
[1861-8S
very painfully, so that she forgot what she was saying and hid her confusiun
in a laugh. Gl'eifenstein was staring at the ceiling and did not see his brother
start and steady himself against the chimney-piece.
At that moment dinner was announced. Clara rose with an effort from her
scat, and stood still. She supposed that Herr Brandt would offer her his arm,
but he did not move from his pl:we. Greifenstein said nothing. A violent
conflict arose in his mind and made him hesitate. He could not bear the Ülea
of seeing his wife touch even the sleeye of the man he so despised, and yet he
dreaded lest any exhibition of his feeling
should make Clara suspicious.
'rhe last consideration outweighed everything else.
" 'Vill you give my wife your arm ?" he said, addressing Riesf'neck very
coldly.
There was no choice, and the tall old man went to Clara's side, anù leù her
out of the room, while Greifenstein followed alone. They sat down to the
round table, which was ladcn with heavy plate and curious pieces of old Ger-
man silver, and was illuminated by a hanging lamp, A hundred persons
might have dined in the room, and the shadows made the panelled walls seem
even further from the centre than they really wcre. Yast trophies of skulls
and antlers and boars' heads loomed up ill the dil'tance, indistinctly vi:Úble
through the dim shade, but lighted up occasionally by the sudden flare of the
logs from the wide hearth. The flashes of flame made the stags' sh.ulls seem
to grin horribly and gleamed strangely upon the white tusks that protrtulell
from the black boars' heads, and reflected a deep-red glare from their arti-
ficial eyes of coloréd gla
s. The
ervnnts stepped noiselessly npon the dark
carpet, while the three persons who shared the solemn banquet sat silently in
their places, pretending to partake of the food that was placed before them.
The meal was a horrible farce. There was something sombrely contemp-
tihl to each one in the idea of being forced into the pretence of eating for
the sake of the hired attendants who carried the dishes, For the first time in
his life Greifenstein's hardy nature was disgusted by the sight of food. Rie-
cneck sat erect in his dwir, from time to time swallowing a glass of strong
wine, and looking from Clara's face to the fork he held in his hand. She her-
self c"\"crcjsed a woman's privilege and refu
ed everything, staring consÌ:-:t-
ently nt the monumental silver ornament in the midst of the table. "
hén
she luoked up, RieseneC'k's white face scared her. She had no need to ðce it
now, for she knew who he was better than anyone, better than Greifen
tein
himself. That power whose presence she had once felt, when alone with her
husband, was not with her now, A deadly fear overcame eyery other instinct
save that of self-presenatioll. She struggled to maintain her place at the
table, to control the ðhriek of horror that was on her lips, as she had struggled
to produce thut feigned laugh tell day::.-: ago, with aUIJer might, But the pro-
tracted strain was almost more than she could bear, awl she felt that hcr ('x-
hausteù ner'.es might leave her helpless at any moment. She had reall in
books vivid descriptions of the agony of death, but she had never fancied that
it could be so horrible as this, so long drawn out, so overwhelmingly bitter.
In truth, a more fearful ordeal cuuld not be imagined than was imposed
by a relentlcsð deRtiny upon this misérahle, painted, curled, and jewelled old
l
ül-88J
FRA_YCIS JIARIO.Y CRA WFORD.
149
woman as she sat at the beaù of bel' own taùle. It would have heen easier for
her had she known that she was to meet him. It would ha\e been far less
hard if she had lived her life in the whirl of the world, where we are dailv
forced to look our misdeeds in the face and to meet with smiling indifferenc
those who know our past and haye thell1seh esheen a part of it. Even a ({uar-
tel' of an hour for preparation would have been better than this gradual rec-
ognition. in which each minute made certamty more positi,-e. There was but
one :ra
' of consolation or hope for her, and she tried to make the most of it.
He haà come because he had failed to obtain his pardon, and his brother was
helping him to leave the country quietly. She was as sure of it as though
:5he bad Leen acquainted with all the details, To-morrow he would be gone,
and once gone he woulù never return, and her last years would be free from
fear. The fact that he came under a fal;-;e name
howed that :-:he was right.
In an hour she could e:\.cuse her:5elf and go to her room, ne'''er to see hi
face
again. Hl'r hands grasped and crushed the damask uf the cloth beneath the
talJle að she tried to stead)' her nerves by contemplating her near deliverance
from torture.
Greifenstein was the bravest of the three, as he had al:-:o tbe least c
use for
mnidy. He saw that it was impo
ðible to continue the meal in total silence,
and he made a tremendous effort to produce a ::;how uf conversatiun.
., There has been much snuw this year, Herr Brandt," he said, raising hi
}lead and adtlressing his Lrother.
Rie
eneck did not under
tand, but he heard Greifew;;tein's voice. anù slow-
ly turned his ghastly face toward him.
.. I beg your pardon," he ::;aid, ,. I did not <luite hear. ..
.. There has been much snow tbi::; year," G-reifenstein repeated with forCI-
ble distinctness,
.. Yes," replied his brother, ., it seems so,"
..
\fter all, it is nearly Christma
, "
aid Clara, trembling in every limb at
the :-:oulld of her own voice.
Only an hour more to hear. and she would be safe forever. Only another
effort, and Greifellstein would sllspect nothing. Rieseneck looked mechani-
cally at his brother, as though he were trying to timl something to ôay. In
reality he \Va::; almost inscnsi lJle, aUtl he harùly knew why he did not fall from
his chair. A ::;ervant brought another <lish, anù Clara helped herself nncon-
ciously, The man went on to Rieseneck, and waitell patiently until the lat-
ter :-:houhl turn his head and see what wa
offered to him.
Clara ::iaw all opportunity of speaking again. She could call his attention
by af1dre::;sing him, One, two, three seconds passed, and then she spoke. It
would be enough to utter his name, so that he should look round and :-:ce the
attendant at his elbow. "Herr Branùt "-the two syllables were short and
simple enough.
"Herr yon Rieseneck," she said quietI},
In the extremity of her nervousneS8, bel' brain had become sudùenly con-
fused, and ::;he was Jost,
As the wurds e::;capell Clara's lips. Greifenstein started violently and made
150
FRA
YClS ...llARIO
CRA WFORD.
[1861-88
as though he would rise, laying his hands on the edge of the table and leaning
forward toward his wife. The echo of Rieseneck's name had not died awa\
when the unhappy woman realized what she had done. Rieseneck himself
turned suddenly toward her und the blood rushed to his pale face, Clara's
head fell forward and she covered her eyes with her hands, uttering a short,
sharp cry like that of an animal mortally wounded. The servant stood still
at Rieselleck's side,
taring stupÜlly from one to the other. Fully ten seconds
elapsed before Gréifellsteill reeo\Tered his presence of mind.
" You are ill, Clara," he said in a choking voice. "I will take you to your
room. "
He diù not understand the situation, and he coulù not guess how his wife
had learned that the visitor was not Herr Brandt but Kuno yon Rieseneck.
But he W:IS horrified by the thought that she should have made the discoH>ry,
and his first idea was to get her away as soon as possible. He came to her side,
and saw that
he was helpless, if not insensible. Then he lifted her from her
chair and carried her through the wide door and the small apartment beyond
into the drawing-room. Rieseneck followed at a distance.
, c You can go, ., said Greifenstein to the servant. c. 'Ye shall not want any
more dinner to-nigh t. "
The man \rent on t and left the three together. Clara lay upon a great di ran.
her husband standing at her side, and Rieseneck at her feet. Her eyes were
open, but they were gla
sy with terror, though she was quite conscious.
.. Clara-are you better?" asked Greifensteill anxIOusly,
She g:Bped for breatb and seemed unaLle to speak. Greifellstein looked at
his brother.
,. I cannot imagine how sbe knew your name, " he said. "Did you knm-r-
her before ?"
Rieseneck had turned white again, and stood twisting his fingers as though
in some terrible distress. (.}reifenstein had not noticed his mannC'r before,
and gazed at him now in considC'rable surprise. He fancied that Rieð('ueck
feured discovery and danger to himself.
., "
hat is the matter?" he asked impatiently. " You are safe enough
yet "-
"-hile he spoke Clara endeavored to rise, supporting herself upon one hand,
and staring wildly at Rieseneck. The presentiment of a great unknown eril
came upon Greifenstein, and he laid his hand heavily upo.n his hrother's
arm.
" "
hat is the meaning of thi
?" he asked sternly. ,. Do JOu know each
other? '.
The words roused Rieseneck, He drew back from his brother's touch aud
answered in a broken "Voice:
" Let me go. Let me leave this hon
e "-
.. So !" exclaimed the other firmly, ., You shall not go yet."
Again he gmsped Rie.::::eneck's arm, tlÜs time with no intention of relin-
quishing his hold.
'. Let him go. Hugo!" gasped Clara.
he struggled to her feet and tried
to ullloo:::e the iron grip of her hu
band's fingërs, straining her weak hands in
1861-88]
FRA..iYCIS ..1IARION CRA TrFORD.
151
the useless attempt. "Let him go ! " she repeated frantically. "For God's
sake, let him go ! "
,. 'Yhat is he to you? " asked Greifensteill. Then, as though he gue
secl
some fearful answcr to his question, he repeated it in a fiercer tone: "\fhat
is he to you? And what are you to her?" he cricd, facing his brother as he
shook him by the arm.
.. Yon have cause to be angry," said Rieseneck. .. And so haye 1. " He
fixed his eyes on Clara's, and something like a smile flitted over his feat-
lues.
" Speak! .. commanded Greifenstein, to whom the snspense was becoming
unbearable.
Clara saw that Rieseneck was about to utter the fatal words, and with a
last remnant of energy she made a desperate attempt to cover his mouth with
her hand. Bnt shc was too late.
.. This woman is my wife, not your:,
.. he cried in ringing tones.
In un instant Greifenstein thrust his brother from him, so that he reeled
back against the \\ all,
., Liar! .. he almost yelled.
Clam fell upon the floor between the two men, a shapeless heap of finery.
Rie::;eneck looked his brother in the face and answere(l the insult calmly.
From thc moment when he had recognized Clara, he had felt that he must
see the whole horror of her fall with his own eyes in order tu be avenged for
his wrongs.
.. I told you my wife was dead, " he said slowly, ., I believed it. 8hc is alive,
She has lived to ruin you as shc ruined me. Clara vun Rieseneck-that is yonr
nmue-I'tand upon y
nr feet-lift up your infamouð face, and own your
la w-
ful husband! "
Even then Clara might have saved herself. One vigorous prote
t, and
Greifenstein would without douht Im\"c slain his brother with his hands. But
she had not the strength left to speak thc strong lie. She dragged herself to
her accuser's fect and threw her
l1'IllS about his knees.
")Icrcy ! " She coultlnot utter any uthcr word.
., You see, " said Rieseneck. "Shc is alivc; she knows me
..
.. )Iercy ! .. groaned the wretched creature, fawning upon him with her
wasted hands.
., Duwn, heast ! " answered tile tall old man with saV"age contempt. "There
is no mercy for such as you. "
Greifcnstcin had stood still for some F1econds, overcome by thc horror of his
shame. One glance told him that his hrother had spoken the truth. He
turned away and stood facing the empty room. His face was convubed, his
teeth ground upon each othcr, his hauùs werc clenched as in the agon)" of
death. From hi
straining eyes great tears rolled down his gray cheek::;, the
first aud thc last that he eVCL. sheù. And Jet by that :-:trange iUðtinct of his
character which abhorred aU munifeðtation of ('motion, he stood erect and
motiunle
s a
a
01dier on l)uraùe. The death-bluw had struck him, hut he
must dic on his feet.
Then aftcr a lung pause, broken only by Clara's incuherent groans and
ohs,
15
FRANCIS ..JIARIO.N CRA WF'ORD.
[1861-88
he hE'ard RiE'senE'ck's footstep behind him, and then his brother's voice, call-
ing him by his name.
" Hu
w-\\'hat has this woman deserved? ..
.. De
rlh," answered Greifenstein solemnly.
" She helped to ruiume through m.y faults; she has ruined yon through no
fault of your8, She must die."
,. She must die, " repeated Greifenstein,
"She has gi \-en you a son who is nameless. She cast off the son she bore to
me because through me his name was infamous. She must pay the penalty."
" She must die. "
Greifenstein did not tnrn round even then. He crossed the !'oom to the
chimney-piece and laid his two hands upon it. Still he heard his brother's
voice, though the
ords were no longer addressed to him.
" Clara yon Rieseneck, your hour is come. "
"
lerc'y, Kuno! For God's sake "-
" There is no mercy, Confess your crime. The time is short. ..
The wretched old woman tried to rise, but Rieseneck's hand kept her upon
her knees.
"You sllall ùo me this justice before yon go," he said. "Hepeat yonrmis-
deeds after me. You, Clara Kurtz, were married to me in the year eighteen
hundred and forty-seven."
,. Yes-it is true,"
mswered the poor creature in hroken tones.
"Say it ! You shall say the words!"
Her teeth chattered. Transfixed by fear, her lips moved mechanically.
"1, Clara Kurtz, was married to you in the year eighteen hundred and
forty-
even. "
The woman's incredible vanity survived everything. Her "Voice sank to a
whisper at the two lal't words of the date, for Greifcnstein had never known
her real age.
" Yon caused me to betray the arsenal," continued Rieseneck inexorably.
" I did,"
" You abandoned me when I was in prison. 'Vhen I rscapC'd yon refused
to follow me. You sent me false news of your death, with a lock of your hair
and the child."
Clara repeated each word, like a person hypnotized and subject to the will
of another.
" Then you must have changed your name. "
" 1 changed my name."
" And you induced Hugo von Greifenstein to marry you, knowing that he
was my brother and that I was alive. I had often told you of him. "
Clara made the statement in the words dictated.
" And now you are to die, and may the Lord have mercy upon yonI' sinful
soul. "
"And now I am to die. May the Lord have mercy upon my sinful soul."
Released from the stern command of bel' judge, Clura uttered a low cry and
fell upon her face at his feet.
" You have beard, "
uid Riescneck to his brother. "It is time,"
1861-88]
EDITH .lúATILDA THOJIAS.
153
Greifenstein turned. He saw the tall old man's great figure standing flat
against the opposite wall, and be saw the ghastly face, half-hidden by the
snowy beard. He glanced clown, and beheld a mass of straw-colored silk,
crlul1pled and disordered, and just beyond it a coil of fadeù hair adorned witb
jewelled pins that reflected the soft light. He crosseù the room, and his feat-
lues were ashy pale, firml
' set, and utterly relentless. He had heard her con-
demnation from her own lips; he thought of his son, nameless thruugh this
woman's crime, and his heart was hardened.
" It is time," he said. "Have you anything more to say?"
He waited for an answer, hut none came. Clara's hour had struck ànd she
knew it. There was deep silence ill the room, rrhen the stillness was broken
ùy a ga
p for breath and Lya little rustling of the delicate
ilk. That was all.
'Yhen it was done, the two brothcrs stooped down again and lifted their
hurden and Lore it
ilently away, till they reached the room in which they had
firRt met. Then Greifenstein made sign that they should go further, and they
entered the chamher beyond, and upon the bed that was there they laid down
the dead woman, and covered her poor painted face decently with a sheet and
went away, closing the door softly behind them.
For a moment they stood looking at each other earnestly. Then Rieseneck
took from his pocket his brother's gift and laid it upon the tuble,
,. It is time for us al
o," he said.
,. Yes. I must write to Greif first."
Half an hour later the short and terriùle tragedy was completed, and of the
three persons who had sat together at the tahle, suffering each in his or her
own way as much as each could bear, not one was left aliye to tell the talc.
Outside the house of death, the silent, spotle
s snow gleamed in the light
of the waning moon. K ot a breath of wind sighed amongðt the stately black
trees. Only, far below, the tumbling torrent roared through its half-frozen
bed, and high abo\-e, from the summit of the battlement that had sheltereù
so many generations of Greifensteins from danger in war, and in peace from
the bitter north wind, the great horned owls ðent forth their melancholy note
from time to time, and opened wide their cruel hungry cJes as tLe di::mlal
sound echoed away among the dark firs.
<ftJítlJ jtlatíltJa
lJontaø.
BOR" in Chatham, Ohio, 18M.
SVTIIXX.
[A JYfU' rear's .llla.<;qllp, and Olller Poel1u;. 188:).]
C O)IE forth, too timid spirit of the reed!
Leave thy })lashed coverts and elusions shy,
And find (Ie light at large in grove and mead.
154
EDITH jlL1TILDA TIIOM.AS.
[1861-88
No mnhushed harm, no ,,-anton peering eye;
The shepherd's uncouth god thou need'st not fear,-
Pan has not pass
d this way for many a :rear.
'Tis hut the vagrant wind that makes thee start,-
The vleasure-Iodng south. the freshening west;
The willow's woven veil they softly part,
To fan the lily on the stream's warm ùreast:
.No ruder stir, no footstep pressing near,-
Pan has not passed this way for many a year.
"\Vhether he lies in some mosscd wooll, asleep,
\.nd heeds not how the acorns drop aroullll,
Or in some shelly crn'ern ncar the (leep,
Lulled hy its pulses of eternal sound,
He wakes not, answers not our
ylvan cheer,-
Pan has been gone this many a silent year.
.
Else we had seen him, through the mif:ts of morn,
To upland pasture lead his bleating charge:
There is no shag upon the stuntpd thorn.
No hoof-print on the river's silver marge;
X'or broken hraneh of pine, nor ivied spear,-
Pan has not IJtlssed that way for many a year.
o tremulous elf, reach me a hollow pipe,
The hest and smoothest of thy mellow store!
Kow I may blow till Tilne be hoary ripe,
And listening streams forsake the path<< they wore:
Pan loved the sound, but now ""ill n('ver hear,-
Pan has not trimmed a reed this many a yeal"!
\.nd so, come freely forth, and through the sedge
Lift up a dimpled, warm, .Arclll1ian face,
As on that day when fear thy feet did tledge,
.And thou diLlst safely win the breathless race. .
I am deceivell: nor Pan nor thou art lIere,-
Pan has been gone tllis many a silent year!
sxow.
[The Round rear. l:-;RG.]
T HE first flakes of the ycnr,-how douhtful, wavering, tentative, us though
there were us yet 110 bcatcn path for them tu follow in their journey from
the clouds to earth, or as though they werc unwilling to desert the goodly
society of their kindrcd in the sky! The blades of tcnder autumnal grass
look yer,\' cold, lifted thruugh thc scant covcrlct sprcad ])y a first snuw; une
shivers seeing them, and wi:-:hcs that their retircmcnt might be hastened.
The wanderings of the dcad lcaves are brought to an end hythe snow, to which
they impart a stain from the coloring-matter not yet leached from their lts-
--
.::-
r,;:; i, þ
_,
;
," '"<4 11 \
- Ji.
.
/ 'If'"' ;;J)
r - j ,f -
"
7. -r-
\ r
"
"/:\"
1 '
/
...
F
dt. '7L"".
- '(..
1861-88J
EDITH .JIATILDA THOMAS.
155
sues. By this circumstance the age of the season might be gauged, approx-
imately; at least, the snows of the later winter suffer no such discoloration
from contact with the leaf-strewn ground.
,rhen the snow is damp anù clinging, as it not unfrequentIy is at the begin-
ning and end of the winter, a won(lerful white spring-time comes upon the
earth. Behold, the orchards bloom again almost in the similitude of 3lay;
the dry stalks in the garden undergo the miracle that befell the bishup's stat!
in the legend, and deck themselYe
with beauty, Last summer"s nests are
tlgaill tenanted, brooded hy doves of peace descended from heaven. Eyery
cobweb which the wind has spared, nuder the eaH'
or in the porch, displays
a fluttering increment uf snow. 'Vhat a deal vf woul-gathering there has
been! The rough bark of the trees
the roofs and clapboards of the houses,
are hung with soft shreds and tatters; the" finger of heayen" bas pnt 011 a
white cot. If we walk abroad in this new creation, it shall
eem that we have
been sudùC'nly let into some magnified frust-picture; nor can we be quite
ure
that we ourselves arc not of the same frail. ethereal texture as the exquisite
work around us, alldlike it destined to glide into naught, under tllC' arrows
of the snn. 'Vhen such damp snow freezes upon the branches, and afterwards
falls in crusted fragments, the perfomtion
made in thc snow beneath resem-
ble the tracks of many small, cushion-footed animals. One would like to
know what Æ:-:opian council, or palaver, was held under the dooryard trees
in the sly middle of the night.
On a stormy evening, when the air is thick with flying snow, I have received
charming suggestions from the ,ill age lights, "
alls, roofs, bounding-lines
generally, are lost in the snowy ObSCl11'ity; but the hospitable windows re-
main, curtained, mellow-tinted panes, or curtaillless pictures of fireside
comfort, framed, apparently, by mist and cloud. At a little distance it were
easy to imagine that the
e 'windows belonged to the ground-floor of heayeu,
rather than tu any house
made with hands.
Though the trumpet::; of the sky may have been blown in its van, the
llOW,
when it arrives on earth, abhors and annihilates alllond noise. How muftied
and remote arc the sounds in a village during a great snO\v-fall-all mutes
anù subvocaIs. Stamping of feet in thc porch across the way is reporte<l dis-
tantly sonorous, as though the noi
e had been made in a subterranean cham_
ber. Across the high, smooth field
comes the faint pealing of a bell, In} ste-
riously sweet. The ben hang
in the church of a neighboring village; I have
often heard it before, but not with the same impression as now. So might
havc soundeù the chimes in the buried church of the legend on a Christmas
mornIllg.
The snow has a mediatorial charactC'l'. 'Yhercver this earth approaches
nearest to heaven, on all loftiest snmmit
of the globe, there stands the ,,'hite
altar, perpetually: nur is the religion to which the altar is reared one of pure
abstraction, colorless m \'sticism. Sunrise, sunsC't, aud the winds, with the
snow, bring out on the tops of our 'r estern mountains (if current descrip-
tions do not exaggcrate) sueh surprises of form and color, whirling column
and waving banner, as were never dreamed of ill the pageants ]Jehcld by the
initiate of the Eleu:3inian :Mystcries.
156
EDITH J.lfA17LDA TIIOJIAS.
[1861-88
A FL rTE.
[Lyric8 and SOli nef",. 1
87.]
" H O'V shall I liken thee, reed of my choice,
Rpirit-like, fugitive, wavering voice?"
" I am an oreadlost to the hills,
Rick for the mountain win<l tossing my rills;
Sighing from memory snatches of song
Pine-tI"ees have sung to me all the night long;
Shroudeù they sang to me, mingling my dreams;
Down throuf!h their tapestries planets shot gleams.
Eagle
on cliffs between heaven anù me
Looked from their watch-towers. far on the sea."
" How wast thou taken, s'",eet,-Iost to the hills,
Footprints of thine no more seen hy the rills? "
" Quickly I answer thee
Sorrow came by,
l\laùe me her foster-child, 10Ying my cry! "
THE QCIET FILr..RDI.
Isaiah xL',xiii. 15.
,""{THEN on my soul in nake(lne>:s
,\ His swift, avertless hand did press,
Thell I stood still, nor cried alouù,
X or murmured low in ashes bowed;
\11tI, since my 'woe is utter!f'ss,
To SU}1rf'me quiet I am vmyed;
Afar from me he moan and tears,-
I shall go softly all my years.
'Vhenso my quick, light-sanc1alled feet
Bring me where Joys and Pleasures meet,
I mingle with their throng at will;
TJlPY know me not an alien still,
8in('e neither words nor way
unsweet
Of storèd bitterness I spill;
Youth shuns me not, nOl' gladncss fears,-
FOl' I go softly all my years.
'Vhenso I come where Griefs convene,
AmI in my car their voice is keen,
They know me not, as on I glide,
That with Arch Sorrow I abide.
They hagg:lnl are, amI droope , l of mien,
And round their hrows have <'ypress tie<1 :
Such shows I1eave to light Grief's peer
,-
I shall go softly all my years.
Yea, !'.oftly I heart of hearts unknowll.
Silence hath speech that passeth moan,
::More piercing-keen than hreathèd crie"
To such as heed, made sorrow-wise.
But s
we this voice without a tone,
That runs before me to the skies,
.And rings above thy ringing spheres,
Lord. 1 go softly all my years!
1861-88]
EDGAR W..d.TSO.N HOWE,
157
31USI('.
T HE god of mn
ic <1welleth out of doors.
\11
easons through his mlllstrelsy we meet,
Rreathin
lIy field and covert haunting-sweet:
From or
"all-Iofts in forests 0111 he pour:,;
A solemn harmony: on leafy floors
To smooth antumnal pipes he move" his feet.
Or with the tinglin
plectrum of the i;:lcet
In winter keen lJeats out hi!'. thrilling :-:cores.
Leave me the reed nnpluckell hcsid!' the
tream,
And he ,,'ill stoop amI fill it with the ùreeze;
Leave me the viol's frame in secret tr1'1'8.
Lnwrought, and it shall wake a druid theme;
Leave me the whispering shell on nereid shores:
The god of 1ll11"ic d welleth out of doors.
(ftJgar [[Iat
on l
o\uc.
BOR
in the present town of Treaty, Wabash Co., Ind., 1854.
_\ PR
\.IRIE TOWX.
[The Sto!"!! of (t Count!"!! Tml'n. lRR2.-Reâsed Edition. 1884.]
I :K Twin )Iound;;;; the citizens
pent their idle time in religious discussions
and although I liyed there a great man
' years I do not remember that any
of the questions in di:,pute were ever settled, They never discussed politic:o:
with any animation, and read but little, except in the Bible to find point
to
dispute: hut of religion the
- nerer tired, and many of them couhl quote tlH'
sacrcd word by thc page. Xo two of thcm ever cxactly agreed in tIleir i(lea
,
for men who thougLt alike ou bapti
m yiolently qnarrcIled when the rcsur-
rection was mentionctl, and two of them who engaged a hell-redemptionist
onc night would in aU probahility fail to agree themsches the next, on the
atonement. The mcrchants nc!;lC'cted their customers, when they had them,
to dil:5cu
s points in the Bible which r u
('d to think werf' not of the slightest
con
equellce, and in many instancE'''; the men who argued the most were those
who cÌlased dC'cr with hound
on
UlH.la
., and ran horsp-r,wes, for they did
not scelll to di:-:cu
the
uLject so much on account of its importance as be-
cause of its fitne:5s as a topic to quarrel about.
There was always a number of famon
discus
iolls going on, as between tl)e
la\Y
.('r and the 1'torekeeper, or the blacksmith and the druggist, or the doctor
and the carpenter, aUfI whenever I
aw a crowd gathcring hurriedly in the
("-elling I knew that two of the disputants had got to.Q"ether again to rC'llCW
their old difficulty, which they kept up uutil a late hour, in the pre
encl' of
half the town.
158
EDGAR TrATSO.J.Y HOWE.
[1861-88
There was a certain man who kept a drug-store, who was always in nervous
excitement from sonwthing a fat blacksmith had said to him in their di
cns-
sions, and who had a habit of coming in on him suddenly in the middle of
the day; and when eyer I went into the place of business of either one of them
I heard them teIling those present how they had triumphed the night before,
or intended to triumph on a future occasion. Some of the greatf'st oath
I
hu\-e eyer heard were uttered by these men while discussing religion, and fre-
quently the little and nervous drug-store keeper had to be forcibly prevented
from jumping at his burly opponent and I-=triking him. The c1rug-store was
not far away from the office where I worked, and whenever luud and boister-
ous talking was heard in that direction a smile went round, for wc kncw the
blacksmith had suddenly come upon his enemy, and attacked him with
something he had thought up while at his work. I neyer knew exactly what
the trouble between thcm was, though I heard enough of it; but Irememher
that it had fiomc reference to a literal resurrection and a new body; and I
often thought it queer that each one was able to take the Bible and establish
his position so clearly, "
henever I heard the blacksmith talk I was sure that
the drug-gist was wrong. but when the druggist called upon the blacksmith
to ::top right there, and began his argument, I became convinced that, after
all, there were two sides to the questiun,
Thr
e two men, as well as most of t1w others. were memhers of a church
l"nmyn then as the Campbellite, for I do not remember that there was an in-
fillel or unbeliever in the place. There were a great many backsliders, but
nOlle of thcm evcr questioned religion itself, though they could neyC'r agree
on ductrine. It has occurred to me since that if une of them had thought to
dispute the inspiration of the Bible, and argued about that, the people would
have been entirely happy, for the old discussions ill time became very tire-
some.
The people regarded religion as a strug
le between the Campbellite church
and the Devil, and a sensation was de\-eloped one evening when my father re-
marked to the druggist, in the presence of the usual cruwd-he happened to
be in the place on an errand, as he never engaged in the amusement of the
town-that sprinkling answered eyery purp05e of baptism. The druggist be-
came very much excited immediately and preparcd for a discussion, hut my
father only laughed at him anù walked away. The next Sunday. however.
he prC'ached a sermon on the subject in the court-house. and attaekerl thc
town's religion with so much vigor that the excitement was very intense.
:Must uf the citizens of Twin Mounds came from the surrounding country,
and a favorite way of increasing the pupulation was to elect the co un ty officers
from the country, lJUt after their terms e
pired a new set moved in, for it was
thought they became so corrupt by a two years' residence that they could not
be trusted to a reëlection, The to\\ n increased in size a little in this mannC'r,
for none of these men ever went back to their farms again, though they
speedily lost standing after they retirí:'d from their positions, )Ianyothers
who left their farms to moye to the town said in excuse that the school adyan-
tages were better, and seemed very allxious for a time that their children
should be educated, but once they were e::;tab1ishC'd in Twin )IoulH.ls they
1861-88]
EDGAR WA TSO
- IIO WE.
159
abused tbe school a great deal, and said it was not satisfactory, and allowed
their children to remain away if they were so inclinerl.
There was the u
ualllumber of merchants, profes...iollal men, mechanic
,
etc., who got along well enough. but I never knew how at least one half the
inhabitants lived. Some of them owned teams, and farmed in the immediate
Ticinity; others" hauled, .. and others did whatever offered, hut they w('re all
poor, and were constantly changing from one hou
e to another. Th('se men
usually had great families of boys, who grew up in the samc indiffercllt fa
h-
ion, and drifted off in time nobody knew where, coming back occasionally,
after a long ab
cllce, well-dre::;sed, and with monoy to rattle in their pocket:"
But none of them e,er came back who had busincss of sufficient importance
elsf'where to call tlWlll away again, for they usually r('mained until their good
clothes wore out, the delu:,ion of their resp('ctability was broken, and they
became town loafer
again. or engaged in the hard pursuits of their fathers.
The only resident of Twin )Jonnds who e,er distinguished himself ran
nYay
with a circus ëUld lll',er came back, for although he was ne,-er heard of. it wa
generally believed that he must have b('come famous in s:ome way to induce
bim to forego the pleasure of returning home in good clothes and swagger-
ing up and down the 8treet to allow the people to shake hi
hand.
Thi
class of men neyer paid their debts, and to get credit for an amount
wa
e(lual to earning it, to their way of thinking, and a Ilew merchant who
came in did a great husin('s:s until he found them out. I have said they ne,er
paid; they did sometimes, but if they paid a dollar on account they bought
three or four times that amount to go un the book
.
They always seemed to me tu he buys yet, surprised at being their own
masters, and only worked when they had to, as boys do. They engaged in
boys' amusements, too, for most of them owned pack
of dogs. and short-
distance raee-hor
es, and it was one of their greatest accomplishmcnt
tu dri \"e
a quarter-horse to a wood-wagon to some out-of-the-wayncighborhood, match
it againi=t a farmer's horse threatened with speed, and come back with all the
mone
' owned in that direction. I suppo
e they came "\Yest to grow up \\ ith
the country, like the rest of us, but they were idle where they came from, and
did not improve in the ,rest, because work was necessary, whereupon the
thought no doubt occurred to them that they could hëtye grown rich in that
wa
. anywhere.
A few of them were away most of the time-I never kn('w where, hut so far
away that they seldom came home-and their faIlli)ie
supported themselves
ap best they could, but were always expecting the hn
btlnds and fathers to
return and tak(' thPlll away to homes of luxurL OccasiolJalh- new
came that
they were kil1ed hy Indi;ns, anil occasiona1f y thi8 was cOl;tradicted by the
certainty that they were locked up for di
reputahle tran:,actiol1s, or hanged.
'Yhenever a Twin .Mounds man dicù away from home otherwi:-:e than honor-
ably, it was always said that he had been
kineù by the Indians.
There was one thing I noticed of rrWill )[ouncls which i:-.; probably true of
every other country town-it was constantly threatened either with great
prosperity ur great danger, but whether the event threatening the prusperity
160
EDGAR WATSO-,Y HOTVE.
[1861-88
or the danger came to pass. the town progressed about the same. There was
no perceptible effect from any of the events the people were certain would
prove either very di::mstrous or of great benefit, from which I am led to believe
that no one is familiar with the art of town-building, although I have never
known a man who did not profess to know all there is worth knowing about
the science. Towns seem to be the natnral accretion of years, and although
the people in Twin
Iounds often relnted how desperate were their struggles
with adversity, the facts probably arc that the place would have been fully as
large as it was three Yf'ars after J o's marriage without the great number of
public meetings for public purposes and the endless worry of individuals
with reference to it.
There was a very general impression that manufactories were needed, and
this was talked about so much, and so many inducements were offered, that
the people became discouraged, believing that the average manufacturer had
a wicked heart and a hollow head to thus wrong Twin )Iounds in the face of
his own interest; therefore we were very much surprised to learn once, after
all hope had been abandoned, that a fluiet man was building a woollen-mill
down the ri vel', which he com pletf'd and afterwards operated wi thout the help
of the conllllittee
which had been appointet1 to aid in such matters of public
weal. The trouble was that the man lived in Twin )Iounds, whereas we had
been expecting a man and money to come from a distant point for that pur-
}IOSe, and had never thought of looking about home, but spent a great deal of
money in sending committees 3,way to make arrangements for a woollen-mill.
This circumstance, although humiliatil1g, proved a good thing, for it taught
the people that, if the town were to be built up at all, it must be by its own
citizens, which knuwledge was afterwards used tu good advantage.
The people were always miserable by reason of predictions that, ullle
im-
possible amounts of mOlley were given to certain enterprÜ;es, the to
.n would
he ruined, and although they alwaYð gave, no sooner wa
one fund exhausted
than it became necessary to mise another. It was said during the collection
of each amount that it would never be necessary again to give to th i::;: sort
of charity (as thl' enterprise then in hanù would insnre the futurc of Twin
::\Ionnc1s), but there was never an end to the ridieuluu
busine:ss, and we were
always in a state of dreariness on this account, as the men demanding the
charity for insignificant enterprises loudly threatened to go to the rind tOWllS
and pcrmit the grass to grow in our streets. In thinking of thc matter since,
I have thought that Twin )Iounds wouJd have been a much better town but for
the fact that it was always e'\:pecting improbable disaster, but which never
came, for the people were thus pre\ented from exerci
ing their energy, if
they had an v,
f never f
rm('d a good opinion of a man there that I was not finally told
something to his discredit by another citizen, causing me to regard him with
great suspicion, and if I said a good word for any of them, it was proved be-
yond question immediately that he was a very unscrupulous, a '''cry ridicu-
lous, a very weak, and a very worthless man. There were no friendships
H1110ng them, and they all hated each other in secret, there being much quiet
sati
faction when one of them failed. There séemed to be no regular aristoc-
1861-88]
EDGAR WATSON HOWE.
161
racy, either, for I heard so frequently how ignorant and awkward the promi-
nent citizens were when they first came, that I finally found them all out. If
Dr.
Iedicine told me what an unpromising lout the present magnificent
Honorable Legal was wben be first arrived, anù how much difficulty he had
in getting him introduced into respectable society, I was certain to meet Hon-
Ol.able Legal soon after, and hear him recite a similar experience with refer-
ence to Dr. )ledicine. One of the stories, and I fou1Hl afterwards that it was
true, was that a man of ordinary worth, who seemed to be prosperous, had
co11ected lÚs money of a railroad company in the country he had moved from,
because of an injury to his first wife, and that llÍs second was enabled to go
elegantly dre
:;ed because of the misfortune of the first. Thus it went on un-
til I was familiar with the poor origin of all of them, and perhaps this wa:; one
reason why we did not respect one another more.
It was a popular expression that every one fa'
orably mentioned was the
"worst overrated man in America," and the only real ability any of them
ever displayed was in looking up the previous history of each other, which
they carried on with great vigor, and frequently with alarming l'esults. I
began to believe in course of time that it was fortunate that the discreditable
part of my hi:;:tor
wað well known, for it was the sooner forgotten, because it
was not neces:,ary to look up old recorùs to find it out, and thus was not made
worse than it really was.
Yery few of the Twin )Iounds men had positive opiniuns of their own, as
they seemed to have got them second-handed from some source, and none of
them was original or natural in his methods of conducting busille::;s, or in his
habits. Twoor three time:; ayear most of them visitedacity a good mau}
miles
awa}', where they spent a great deal of money they could not afford, to create
an impresbion that they were accustomed to what they supposed was good
societ}.., and where they met men who filled their ideas of greatness, These
they mimicked. each one choosing a different example;
o it happened that the
men uf Twin )Iound::; were very ridiculous. Tbere was a lawyer, I remember,
who had met somewhere a distinguished member of his profession, who
shook bands (lIo! ho!) with everybody, and (Ha! ha!) patronizingly wanted
to know how they were getting along. It was not his natural way, and as he
only adoptcd it because he believed it would make him populm'. it hecame
him very poorly. Perbaps it wa
ycry effectin
with the man the habit had
been copied frolll, lmt it was very absurd with our citizen, wbo
e pretence
was that every man he shook hands with (and he :;hook hands cordially with
everybody) was not gctting along as well a
he in his great compa
sion desired.
Another one, who carricd on a business which one busy day would have ex-
hausted, had heard of a man who achie,ed commel'cial
gre
tn<.'ð
by finding
fault (I am sure the man was mistaken, for 110 one eyer madc money in sllch
a ridiculous wa
), and I neyer heard of anything that suited him.
Thið he
regarded W5 Lusineðs shrewdness. and }]C finally became very sour in dispotiÍ-
tion because he was generally regarded as a fool instead of a pruphet, Still
another, natnrallyfull of fool's gab, carried on it bank in awful silence because
he had heard that still water runs deep, thuugh I have seen }Jond::; of perfectly
still water which were very shallow.
VOL. XI.-ll
162
ELISABETII GA V AZZA.
[1861-88
As I grew older, and began to notice more, I thought that every man in
Twin J\'Iounds had reason to feel humiliated that he had not accomplished
more, but most of them were as conceited as though there was nothing left in
the world wort.hy of their attention, Their small business affairs, their quar-
rels oyer the Bible, and an occasional term in the town council, or a mention
for the legislature or a county office, satisfied them, and they were as content
as men who really amounted to something.
ælíøabctlJ Qtaba22a.
BOR
in Portland,
le.
\LICIA"S BOXXET.
[BALLATA ITALIAN A.]
L AST night Alicia wore a Tuscan bonnet,
And many humming-birds were fastened on it.
I sat heside Alicia at the play:
Her violet cycs with tender tear
werc wet
(The diamonds in her em-tless bright than they)
For pity of the 'woes of Juliet;
Alicia's sighs a poet might have set
To delicate music in a dainty sonnet.
Last night Alicia wore a Tuscan bonnct,
And many humming-hirds were fastened on it.
And yet to mc her graceful ready words
Soundcd likc tinkling silvcr bells that jangled,
For on her golden hair the humming-birds
"Were fixed a
if within a sunbeam tangled,
Theil' quick life qucnchcd, thcir tiny bodies mangled,
Poor pretty birds upon
\..licia':; bonnet.
Last night Alicia wore a Tuscan bonnet,
And many humming-hirds were fastencd on it.
Caught in a net of delicate creamy crêpe,
The dainty captives lay there dead together;
No dart of slcnder hill, no fragilc shape
Fluttering, no stir of any r:u1iant feather;
Alicia looked so calm, I wondered whether
She cared if birds werc killed to trim her uonnet.
Last night
\lici:l wore a Tuscan bonnct,
And m:my humming-birds ,,-ere fastcned on it.
1861-88]
ELISABETH CA VAZZA.
If ruhieg and if sapphires have a spirit,
Though deep they lie below the weight of earth,
If emeralds clln a cOllscious life inherit
And beryls rise flgain to wingèd birth-
Being changed to birds but not to lesser worth-
Alicia's golden head had such upon it.
Last llight ..Alicia wore a Tuscan bonnet,
And lUallY humming-birds were fastened on it.
Perhaps I dreamed-the house was very still-
But on a sudden the Academy
Of :\Iusic seemed a forest of Brazil,
Each pillar that supports the balcony
Took form and stature of a tropic tree
'Yith scarlet odorous flowers blooming on it.
Last night Alicia "wore a Tuscan bonnet,
And many humming-binh were fastened on it.
A fragrance of delicious drowRY <leath
'" as in the air; the lithe lianfls clung
About the mighty tree. and birds beneath
:More swift than arrows fhshcc1 and flew among
The perfumed poisonous hlossoms as they swung,
The heavy-honeyed flower:; that hung upon it.
Last night Alicia wore a Tuscan bonnet,
.And many humming-birds were fastened on it.
Like rain-drops when the sun breaks up the shower,
Or weavers' sllUttles carrying golden thread,
Or flying petals of It wind-blown flower,
:\Iyriads of humming-Linls flew overhead-
Purple find gold and green and Llue and red-
Above each scarlet cnp, or poised upon it.
Last night Alicia wore a Tu:;can bonnet,
And many humming-birds were fastened on it.
'''hat mpid flig-ht ! Eaeh one a wingèa flame,
Burning with hrilliant joy of life and all
Delight of motion; to and fro they came,
Au endle!'s dance, a fairy festival;
Then suddenly I Silo\\" them pause and fall,
Slain only to adol"ll Alicia's bonnet.
J...;u;t night
\licia wore a Tuscan bonnet,
And Ulany humming-birds were fastened on it.
:My mind came back from the Brazilian land;
For. as a snowtlake falls to earth beneath,
Alicia's hand fell lightly on lilY hand;
163
164
ELISABETH CA V AZZA.
[1861-88
And yet I fancied that a stain of death,
Like that which doomed the Lady of :Macbeth,
Was on her hand: could I perhaps have won it?
Last night .\licia wore a Tuscan bonnet,
And many hUlllming-birds were fastened 011 it,
THE RETrR
OF rLYSSES.
[From "A Calabrian Penelope."-The .J..Yew Prinepfon Rp1'iew. 1888.]
I T was no less than twelve years after the time that Compare Andrea went
to .America that a stranger entered on foot the one long street of the til-
lage. This man was poorly clothed, a little bent, and walked leaning slightly
upon a stick. His conical hat with a wide brim was lowered upon his fore-
head, and he appeared at the same time weary aud in haste. lIe came to the
piazzetta, where the women were filling their jars at the fountain, and asked
for water to drink. "hile he was drinking, he looked anxiously at one and
another of the women. It seem cd as though he wished to ask some question;
lJllt in the end he ùecidednot to do so, and contented himself with merely
thanking the woman who had offered him her jar. Then he went on his way
until he reached the house of Comare Pina, Hcre he came to a halt before
the door. He passed his hand more than once across his Ùl"OW; for it Eeemed to
him, as to a drowning person, that he saw crowding before his sight all that
had happened during so many years, 'Yl1<lt was it in the odor of the rose-
marvand the thyme that almo"t made the tears come to his eyes? "Tas such
a thing e,'er hea;'d of! Su animo! At least, he was again in his own country.
The old dog, which had been the faithful companion of Compare Andrea,
la
. stretched across the door-ðtune asleep, rousing himself now and then to
Enap at the flies that teascd him. He heard the step of the stranger, liftc<.Ì his
head, and listened a moment, Then he arose. growled, was silent for an in-
stant, licked the hand of the stranger, and finished with barking joyouðly.
Comare Pina left the loom, and came to the door to see what aileù Turco
that he should bark so loudly. The stranger stretched out his hands to her.
"It j
I, Pina mia," he said. "I am come back."
Pina stood motionless, as if she doubted what was said to her. The dog
pulled at her skirt. The little daughters came from the field behind the house,
and stood staring with great eyes at the stranger. In a few moments there
assemùled some c(Æwri of the neighborhood, who had watched the traveller
on the road.
"Pina, Pina, I am Andrea, " he said. "'ViII you not recognize me? '.
., Look. Pina," interposed 00111are Barùara, who al ways thrust herself into
the affairs of others. "Do you not f;ce that it is truly Oompare Andrea? He
is badly dressed. it is true, so that he appefir
like a beggar; uut that does not
prevent one from recognizing the largc nose that his mama made him."
" .Are you not glad to see me again? " urged Andrea.
1861-88J
ELISABETH OA V AZZA.
165
"It is so long, so long!" murmured Pina to herself. "'Vho can sayif it be
really Andrea? I do not know-and I am Andrea's wife."
"
ay, Pina, is not this your man?" asked one of the neigh bors.
""
hat do I know about it?" responded Pina, mournfully.
At this moment her son came down from the forest. Over his shoulder
hung some rahbits which he had shot; and hi::; father's large gun, almost too
heavy for a YOllth, was in his hands.
",rho is this that comes to di:::;turb my mama?" he asked, and when he
looked angry he was all his father.
,. I am your papa, " Andrea answered him.
" Is my papa come back again?" said the boy. ,,"T e have waited so long,
mama, and the little sisters, and 1.';'
Comare Pina sna.tched the gun from her son's hands. "If you truly are
my Andrea," she said, "you can shoot;, und so prove it to me."
Andrea's eyes gleamed under the rim of his hat. He helù out his hands a
little tremulously. ,. I may have lost my skill," he observeù. "I am out of
practice, "
Nevertheless he took the gun from her hands,
"It may be so," cried Pina, ,. but you have to shoot."
.. Pina, Pina!" entreated the other women, frightened without knowing
". h Y .
he drew off her wedding-ring by main force. Andrea, looking on con-
fusedly, saw that her fingers were grown much thinner during the twelve
years of his absence. She ran many paces across the road, and, raising her
left hand to her head, she held, between thumb and forefinger, the sacra-
mental ring near her throbbing temple,
"Shoot!" she commanded.
" Heavens, no, Pinal For pity's sake!" begged Audrea. "Tell me, rather,
to shoot m ,"self. "
,. Shoot!" repeated his wife.
" Oh! 'ViII you not believe me-I am, I am your Andrea, your husband.
I will prove it to you in so many ways, only give me a little time," he prayed
her.
" If you are my Andrea, " answered Pina, "you can send the hullet through
the ring that you gave me. If you are not he-draw the trigger and burn
my brain, for I have waited and hoped too long to be disappointed at last.
Shoot! "
All the comari screamed and hid their faces from fear; the little girls ran
into the house and crouched undcr the bed, not to see what ,vas being done.
The boy flung himself acro
s the door-stone, burying his face in the hair of
the dog.
Andrea glanced at Pina. She did not louk at him. Her wide-open eye
were turned toward the sky and seemed blinded by the rays of the sunset.
Andrca threw down his hat, straightened himself, raised the gun to his
Ehoulder, took aim, and fired.
Comare Barbara was the only one who could look at such a horror
it is true
that the neighbors said of her that she woulù have watched the torment of the
166
ELISABETH VA V AZZA.
[1861-88
souls in purgatory, in order to be able to te1l the story of it afterward, she was
such a chatterbox. In relating this story, she neyer failed to say it was a
pleasure to see the bullet pass straight through the ring, as if it had been the
fingcr of a bride; and Pina's hand that held the ring never moved, though
the wind of the bullet ruffied her hair,
And then poor Pina ran, all ill tears, fell at her husband's feet, and, clasp-
ing his knees, prayed him to put the ring again on her finger, as if they were
standing before the priest. He lifteù her from the gruund, and, with hi;:; arlll
around her, led her into the huuse.
It was true, the neighbors agreed, that Compare Andrea had brought back
little from America; and he said it was like the rest of the world, mone
- was
not as the stones of the road, even there. But with wbat little he had saved from
his earnings he was able to buy back his land, and some more with it. He
spent much of his time also at the shop of )laso the blacksmith, trying to
conðtruct a plow that should be different from those which had satisfied the
good souls of his father and grandfather; and in other ways it appeared tu the
neigh bors that his head was no longer up to the mark. It might have been
the effect of the yellow fever-who knowsr-that gave him the whim of in-
venting these things. The fact is, too much thinking spoil;:; the brain!
But it was also true that, because of the extraordinary plow or for some
other re..1son, the land of Compare Andrea bore twice as much as the ficl(l:: of
his neighbors; and he had good fortune with his cattle, sheep, and poultry,
It became necel:ìsary for him, besides himself and his son, to hire men for the
herds and the land. The truth is, riches arc like ducks; they run to those
who know how to call them.
And it was rea1ly a consolation to see Comare Pina so contented at the side
of her husband that she woulù not have wished to be the clothes of the queen.
The only anxiety which remained to her was lest Andrea should some time
desire to cross the ocean again, to revisit America, and seek fortune in the
Republica Argentina. )leanwhile, her twelve years of lonely weaving and
waiting were ended.
R HE wanders up and down the main
k..: 'Yithout a master, nowhere bound;
The cnrrents turn her round and round,
Her track is like a tangled skein;
And never helmsman hy his chart
So strange a way as hers may steer
To enter port or to depart
For any harbor far or near,
The waters clamor at her sides,
The winds cry through her cordage
torn,
The last sail hangs, to tatters worn ;
Upon the waves the vessel rides
DEREI.JICT.
This way or that, as winds may shift.
In ghastly dance when airs blow balm
Or held in a lethargic calm,
Or fury-hunted, ",iill, adrift.
'Yhen south winds blow, does she re-
call
Spices and golden fruits in store?
Or north ",imls-nets off Labrador
And icebergs' iri(lescent wall ?
Or cast-the isles of Indian se:1S ?
Or west-new ports and sails unfurled?"
lIer voyages all around the worill
To mock her with old memories?
1861-88]
FREDHRIO JESUP Sl'I.JISON.
lû7
For her no light-house sheds a ray
Of crimson warning from its tower;
:Xo watchers \\ ait in hope tbe hour
To greet her coming np the bay;
Xo trumpet speaks her, hearty, hoarse-
Or if a captain hail at first,
lIe sees her for a thing accur5ed,
And turns his own ship from her course.
Alone, in desperate liberty
She forges on; and how she fares
No man alive inquires, or cares
Though she were sunk beneath the sea.
Her helm obeys no firm control,
She drifts-a prey for storms to take,
Forsands to clutch, for rocks to break-
A ship condemneù, like a lost soul.
SLl'")lBER :-;OXG.
C O)[E, sweet Sleep, from afar-
ot with footst('ps that delay,
For thy wool-soft sandals are
Over-slow upon their way.
On thy floating dusky hair
'Yreaths of poppies thou clost set,
That we mortals may forget
'Vaking hours and all their care.
From afar, come, sweet Sleep!
Come, sweet Sleep, on a steed,
One that weareth golden wings,
That on asphodel dotll feed
\..nd doth drink at heavenly springs.
Ride not through the ivory gate,
Come to us through gates of horn,
Bring good dreams made true at
lHorn,
E\Ten though the morn be late.
On thy steed, come, sweet Sleep!
Gentle Sleep, weave a wreath
Of thy drowsiest poppy flowers,
Bind it over and ùeneath
The incessant fleeting hours.
Set thy lips against their face,
'Vhisper to them, light and 10"\\.
Pleaù for us before they go
That they stay a little space.
"
eave a wreath, gentle Sleepl
Haste thee, Sleep, do not wait,
For the night is near its noon:
Thou wilt find us over-late
So thou dost not seek us sOOll.
For the cock begins to crow
At the earliest beam of light;
Then with every other sprite,
Thou, a gentle ghost, must go.
Do not wait, haste thee, Sleep!
Take us, Sleep, on thy horse-
As a mother, journeying,
Holds her babe and on her course
Lullaby doth softly sin
'.
Let thine hair fall round thy face
Veiling visions in thinc eyes,
Carry us to Paradise
At thy steed's most quiet pace,
On thy horsc, take us, Sleep!
!.IfrciJeríc g: c
UP
ttm
on.
Bou1'l in Deùhalll, )labs., ]
;);-).
)IRS. K
OLLYS.
[From" .ilIrs. Knollys:' By J. S. of Dale.-Stories by American Aldhors. Vol. II. 1884.]
T IlEY first saw the great mountains from the
ulUmit of the Schafberg.
This is a little height, thrcc-cornered, between thrce lakes; a natural Bel.
168
FREDERIC JESUP 817.J.fSON.
[1861-88
vedere for Central Europe. Mr. and
1rs. Knollys were seated on a couch of
Alpine roses hehind a rhododendron bush watching the sunset; but as Charles
was desirou80f kissing
1rs. Knollys, and the rhododendron bush was not thick
enough, they were waiting for the sun to go down. lIe was very slow in doing
this, and by way of consolation Knollys was keeping his wife's hand hidllen
in the folds of her dress, Undoubtedly a modern lady would have been talk-
ing of the scenery, giving word-color pictures of the view; but I am afraid )1rs.
Knollys had been looking at her hu
bancl, and talking with him of the cot-
tage they had bought in a Surrey village, nut far from Box Hill, and think-
ing how the little carvings and embroideries would look there which they had
bought abroad. And, indeed, )[rs. Charles secretly thought Box Hill an
eminence far preferable to the Yenedigcr, and Charles's face an infinitely
more interesting sight than any lake, however expressive. But the sun, look-
ing askance at them through tbe lower mist, was not jealous; all the ð:lme he
spread his glory lavishly for them, and the bright little mirror of a lake
twinkled cannily upward from below. Finally it grew dark; then there was
less talking. It was full night w}wn they went in, she leaning on his arm anll
looking up; and the moonbeam on the snowy shoulder of the Glockner,
twenty leagues away, came over, straightway, from the mountain to her face.
Three days later, Charles Knollys, crossing with her the lower portion of the
Pasterzen glacier, slipped into a crevasse, and vanished utterly from the earth.
All this you know. And I was also told more of the young girl, bride and
widow at eighteen; how she sought to thtow herself into the clear blue gulf;
how she refused to leave Heiligenblut; how she would sit, tearle::;s, by the rim
of t.he crevasse, day after day, and gaze into its profundity, A guide or man
was always with her at these times, for it was still feared she would follow her
JOlmg hushand to the depths of that still sea. Her aunt went over from Eng-
land to hcr; the summer waxed; autumn storms set in; but no power could
win her from the place whence Charles had gone.
If there was a time worse for her than that first moment, it was when they
told her that his body ne,er could be found. rrlwy did not dare to tell her this
for many days, but busied themwlves with iùle cranes and ladders, undmade
futile pretences with ropes. Some of the hig, simple-hearted guides even de-
scended into the chasm, ahsenting themseh'es for an hour or so, to give her
an idea that something was being done. Poor )fr8. KnolIys would have fol-
lowed them had she been allowed, to wander through the purple gallcries,
calling Charles. It was well she could not; for all Kaspar could do was to
lower himself a hundred yards or so, chisel out a niche, and stand in it, ::mlOk-
ing his honest pipe to pass the time, and trying to fancy he could hear the
murmur of the waters down below. Meantime )[rs. Knollys strained her
eyes, peering downward from above, leaning on the rope about her waist,
looking over the clear brink of the bergschrund.
It was the Herr Dr. Zimmermann who first told her the truth. Not that
the good Doctor meant to do so. The Herr Doctor had had his attention
turned to glaciers by some rounded stones in his garden by the Traullsee, and
more particularly by the Herr Privatdocent Splüthner. SplÜthner, like
1861-88]
FREDERIO JESUP STIJISON.
169
Uncle Toby, had his hobby-horse, his pet conjuring words, his gods ex ma-
dlinâ, which he brought upon the field in scientific emergencies; and these
gods, as with Thales, were Fire and 'Yater. Uraters and flood were his ac-
customcd scapegoats, upon whose heads were charged all things unaccount-
able; and the Herr Doctor. who had only one element left to choose from. and
that a passive one, but knew, on general principles, that Splii.thner must be
wrong, got as far off as he could. and took Ice. And Splüthner haying pooh-
poohed this, Zimmerm3.nn rode his hypotheðis with redoubled zeaL He
became convinced that ice was the <,mbodimeut of orthodoxy. Fixing his pro-
fe:::sional spectacles on his substantial nose. he went into Oarinthia and as-
cended the great '
enice mountains, lllueh Uð he would llUye performed any
other scientific experiment. Then he encamped on the shores of the Paster-
zen glacier, and proceeded to make a study of it.
So it happened that the Doctor, taking a morning stroll over the subject of
his experiment, in search of small things which might verify his theory, met
Irs. Knollys sitting in her accu8tomed place. The Doctor had been much
puzzled, that morning, on finding in a rock at the foot of the glacier the im-
pression, or sign-manual as it were, of a certain fish, whoðe acquaintance the
Doctor had previously made only in tropical seas. This fact seeming. super-
ficially, to chime in with SplÜthnerian mistakes in a most heterodox way, the
Doctor's mind had for a moment been diverted from the ice; and he was won-
dering what the fish haù been going to do in that particular ga.llery, and
ecretly
doubting whether it had known its own mind, and gone thither with the
full knowledge and permission of its maternal relati,e. Indeed, the good
Doctor would probably have ascribed its presence to the malicious and per-
sonal causation of the devil, but that the one point on which he and Splüth-
Her were agreed was the ignoring of unscientific hypotheses. The Doctor's
objections to the deyil were none the le8s strenuous for being purely i'C'it.n-
tific.
Thus ruminating, the Doctor came to the cre,asse where
Irs. Knollys ,vas
sitting, and to which a little path had now been worn from the inn. There was
nothing of scientific intere
t about the fair young Engli
h girl. and the Doc-
tor did not notice her; but he took from his waistcoat-pocket a leaden bullet.,
moulded by himself, and marked" Johannes Carpelltariu
, .Juvavianus, A,
U. C. 2590," anù dropped it, with much satisfaction, into the crevasse. )Irs.
Knollys gave a little cry; the JmHet was heard for some seconds tinkling
against the sides of the chasm; the tinkles grew lJuickly fainter, but they
'waited in tain for the noise of the final full. "May thc Splüthner live that
he may learn by it," muttered the Doctor; "I can never recover it. "
Then he remembered that the experiment had heen attended with a sound
unacconnted for by the conformity of the lmllet to the laws of gravitation;
and looking up he
aw )1rs. Knollys in front of him, no longer crying, hut
very pale. Zimmermann started, and in his confusion dropped his best bra
s
registering thermometer, which also rattled down the abyss.
" Yon say," whispered )Irs. Knollys, "that it can never be recovered! "
"Madam," spoke tho Doctor, doffing his bat, "how would you recofer
from a blace when the :::mallest approximation which I haf yet beon able to
170
FRB'lJERIC JE.6UP STLllS0
Y.
[1861-88
make puts the depth from the surface to the bed of the gletscher at vrom
sixteen hundred to sixteen hundred and sixty mètres in distance? " Dr.
Zimmermann spoke \cry good English; and be pu
hed his hat upon the back
of his head, and assumed his profes:o:ional attitude.
"But they all were trying-" )lrs. Knullys spoke faintly. "They said
that they hoped he could be recovered,
' The stranger was the oldest gentle-
man she had seen, and Mrs. Knollys felt almost like confiding in him. .. Oh,
I must have the-the body. '. She clo
ed in a sob; but the Herr Doctor caught
at the last word, and this suggested to him only the language of scientific ex-
periment.
"Recofer it? If, madam," Zimmermann went on with all the satisfaction
attendant on the enunciation of a scientific truth. "we take a body and drop
it in the schrund of this gletscher: and the ice-stream moves so slower at its
base than on the upper part, and the ice will cover it; den if we could reach
the base, which is a mile in depth. Then, see you, it is all caused by the mo-
tion of the iee-"
But at this )Irs. Knollys had gÙ'en a faint cry, and her guide rushed up
angrily to the old professor, who stared helplessly forward. "God will help
me, sir," said she to the Doctor, and she gave the guide her arm and walked
wearily away.
The professor still stared in amazement at her enthusiasm for scientific
experiment and the passion with which she greeted his discoveries. Here was.
a person who utterly refused to be referred to the agency of ice, or even, like
f4plÜthner, of Fire and 'Vater, and went out of the range of allowable hy-
potheses to ean upon a Noumenon. Now both SplÜthner and Zimmermann
had studied an natural agencies and made allowance for them, but for the
Divine they had always hitherto proved an alibi. The Doctor could make
nothing of it.
At the inn that evening he saw )Irs, Knollys with swollen eyes; and re-
membering the scene of the afternoon, he made inquiries about her of the inn-
keeper. The latter had beard the guide's account of the meeting. and a:-; soon
as Zimmermann had made plain what he had told her of the falling body,
"Triple blockhead!" said he. .. Es war ill1' lJfann." The Herr Profe=-sor
staggered back into his scat. and the kindly innkeeper ran upstairs tu see
what had happened to his poor young guest.
)1rs. KnolJys went back to the little cottage in Surrey, and lived there.
The chests and cases she hrought back lay unopened in the stpre-room; the
little rooms of the cottage that was to be their home remained bare and un-
adorned, as Charles had seen them last. She could not bring herself to alter
them now. "
hat she had looked forward to do with him she had no strength
to do alone. She rarely went out. 1'here was no place where
he could go to
think of him. He was gone; gone from England, gone from the very surface
of the earth. If he had only bf'en buried in some quiet English churchyard,
she thought,-some green place lying open to the sun, where she could go and
scatter flowers on his grave, where she could sit and look forward amid her
tears to the time when she should lie side by side with him,-they would then
1861-88]
FREDERIC JESUP STI.JISOX.
171
be separated for her short life alone. :Sow it seemed to her that they were far
apart forever.
But late the next summer she had a letter from the place. It was from Dr.
Zimmermann. There is no need here to trace the quaint German phra
es. the
formali8111, the cold terms of science in which he made his meaning plain. It
spoke of erosion
oi the mo\"'ement of the summer; of the action of the under-
water::; on the ice. .
nd it told her, with tender sympathy oddly hI ended with
the pride of scientific success, that he had given a lear's most careful study
to the place; with aU his instruments of measurement he haù test cd the re-
lentlcðs glacier's flow
and it cloi'ed by assuring her that hcr husband might
yet be .fouud-in fire and forty years. In five and forty years-the poor pro-
fessor staked his scientific reputation on the fact-in five and forty leal's she
might return, and the glacier would give up its dead.
This letter made 1Irs. Knollys happier, It made her wining to live; it made
hcr almost long to live until old age-that her Charles's body might be given
baek, She took heart to beautify hcr little home. The trifling articles
he
had bought with Charles were now brought out,-the little curiosities and
pictures he had given her on their wedding journey. She would ask how such
and such a thing looked, turning her pretty head to some kind ,isitor, as she
rauged them on the walls; and now and then she would ha,'e to lay the picture
down and cry a little, silently, as she remembered where Charles had tuld
her it would look best. Still, she sought to furnish the rooms as they had
plauned them in their mind; she made her surroundings, as nearly a:-; she
could, as they had pictured them together. One room she never went into;
it was the room Charles had me
nt to have for the nursery, She had no
child.
But she changed, as we all change, with the passing of the lears. I fir
t
remember her as a woman middle-aged, sweet-faced, hardly like a widow, nor
let like an old maid. She was rather like a young girl in love, with her Im'er
absent on a long journey. She lived more with the memory of her husband,
she clung to him more, than if shc had hall a child. She nevcr marricd: you
would have guessed that; but, after the Profes:,or'
letter, she never quite
seemed to realize that her husband was dead. "-as he not coming back to
her?
Never in all my knowledge of dear English women have I known a woman
so much loved. In how many houscs was she always the most welcome guest!
How often we boys would go to her for sympathy! I know she was the con-
fidante of ßll our love a:ffair
. I cannot speak for girls; but I fancy she was
much the same with them. 1Ianyof us owed our life's happiness to her. She
would chide us gently in our pettiness and folly, and teach us, bl her very
presence and example, what thiug it was tllat alone could keep life ::;weet.
How well we all remember the little Surrey cottage, the little home fircside
where the husband had neycr been! I think ::;he grew to imagine his presence,
even the presence of children: boys, curly-headed, like Charles, and sweet,
blue-eyeJ. daughters; aud the fact that it wað all imagining seemed hut to
make the place more holy. Charles still lived to hcr as she had belieyed him
in the mouth that they were married; be li\ed through life with her as her
1 ,..')
I
FREDERIC JESUP STIJfSON.
[1861-88
young love had fancied he would be. She never thought of evil that might
have occurred; of failing affection, of cares. Her happiness was in her mind
alone; so all the earthly part was absent.
There were but two events in her life-that which was past and that whieh
was to come, She bad lived through his loss; now she lived on for his recm'-
ery. But, as I have said, she changed, as all things mortal change; all hut
the earth and the ice-stream and the stars above it. She reaù much, and her
mind grew deep and broad, none the less gentle with it all; she was wiscr in
the world; she knew the depths of human hope and sorrow, You remember
l}cr only as an old lady whom we loved. Only her heart did not change-I
forgot that; her heart, and the memory of that last loving smile upon his face,
as he bent down to look into her eyes, before he slipped and fell. She lived
on, and waited for his body, as possibly his other self-who knows ?-waited
for hcrs. As she grew older she grew taUer; her eyes were quieter, her hair a
little straighter, darker than of yore; her faee changed, only tbe expression
remained the same. :\lary Knollys!
Human lives rarely look more than a year, or fh'e, ahead; :Mary Knollys
looked five and forty. Many of us wait, and grow weary in waiting, for tho:::e
few years alone, amI for some living friend. :\lar.\' Knollys waited fhe and
fort.\' years-for the dead. Still, after that first year, she never wore all black;
only silvery grays, and white with a black ribbon or two, I have said that
she almost seemed to think her husband living. She would fancy his doing
this and that with her; how he would joy in this good fortune, or share her
sorrows-which were few, mercifully. His memory seemed to be a living
thing to her, to go through life with her, hand in hand; it changed as she
grew old; it altered itself to suit her changiug thought, until the very mem-
ory of her memory seemed to make it sure that he had really heen alive with
her, really shared her happiness or sorrow, in the far-off days of her earliest
widowhood. It hardly seemed that he had
een gune already then-she re-
membered him so well. She could not think that he bad neyer been with her
in their little cottage. And now, at sixty, I know she thought of him as an
old person too; sitting by their fireside, late in life, mature, deep-souled, wise
with the wisdom of years, going back with her, fondly, to recall the old, old
happiness of their bridal journey, when they set off for the happy boneymoon
ahroarl, and the long life now past stretched hrightlyout before tbem both.
She never spoke of this, and you cbildren never knew it; but it was always in
her mind,
There was a plain stone in tbe little Surrey churchyard, now gray and mo!:;
-
grown with the rains of forty years, on whichyou remember reading: "Charles
Knollys-Iost in Carinthia."" This was all she would have inscribed; he
was but lost; no one knew that he was dead. "Tas he not yet to be found?
There was no grassy mound beside it; the earth was smooth. Kot even the
date was there, But )lrs. KnoHys never went to read it. She waited until
he should come; until that last juurney, repeating the tTavels of their wed-
ding-days, when she ðhould go to Germany to bring him home.
So the woman's life went on in England, and the glacier in the Alp8 moved
on slowly; and the woman waited for it to be gone.
1861-88 J
FREDERIC JESUP STIMSON.
173
In the summer of 1882. the little Carinthian village of Heiligenblut was
haunted by two persons, One was a young German scientist.. with long hair
and spectacles; the other was a tall English lady, slightly bent, with a face
wherein the finger of time had deeply written tender things. Her hair was
white as sih-er, and she wore a long Llack veil. Their habits were strangely
similar. Every morning, when the eastern light shone deepest into the ice-
ca'-ern at the base ol the great Pasterzen glacier, tlu:se two would walk thither;
then both would sit for an hour or two and peer in to its depths. Neither knew
why the other was there. The woman would go back for an hour in the late
afternoon; the man, never. He knew that the morning light was necessary
for his search.
The man was the famous young Zimmermann, son of his father, the old
Doctor, long since dead. But the Herr Doctor had written a famous tract,
when late in life, refuting all SplÜthners, past, present, and to come; and
had charged his son, in his dying moments, a:.; a most sacred trust, that he
should repair to the babe of the Pasterzen glacier in the year 1882, where he
would find a leaden bullet, graven with his father's name, and the date A.U,C.
2590. All this would be vindication of his father's science. SplÜthner, too,
wa:.; a ver)? old man, and Zimmermann 010 younger (fllr even he wa::; no longer
young) was fearful lest SplÜthner should not live to witness his own refuta-
tion. The woman and the man ne'-er spuke to each other.
Alas, no one could have known )Irs. Knollys for the fair English girl who
had been there in the young days of the century; not even the innkeeper, had
he been there. But he, too, wa...; long since dead. )Irs. Knollys was now bent
and white-haired; she had forgotten, herself, how she had looked in those
old days. ITer life had been lived. She was now like a woman of anuther
wurld; it seemed another world in which her fair hair had twined ahout her
hU::iband's fingers, and she and Charles had étoud upon the evening mouutain,
alllllooked in each other's eyes. That was the world of her wedding-d
IYs,
but it seemed mure like a world ::;he had left when born on earth. .And now
he was coming back to her in this. :Meantime the great Pasterzen glacier had
moved on, marking only the centuries; the men upon its horders had B('en 110
change; the same great wa'-e::i lifted their snowy heads upon its surface; the
same crevasse still was where he had fallen, At night, the moullbeams, fall-
ing, still shi,ered off its glassy face; its pale presence filled the night, and im-
murtality lay brooùing in its hollows.
Friends were with
[r::;. KnollY8, but she left them at the inn. One old
guide rememuered her, and asked to Lear her company. He went with her
in the murning,.and sat a few yards from her, waiting. In the afternoon Ehe
went alone. lIe would not have credited yon, had yon told him that the gla-
cier moved. He thought it but an Englishwoman's fancy, but he waited with
her. Himself hall 11e\"er forgotten that old day. And :Mrs. Knolly.s sat there
silently, ëearehingthe clear depths of the ice, that
he might find her husband.
One night she saw a ghOët. The latest beam of the snn, falling on a moun-
tain opposite, had shone back into the ice-ctl,-ern; and seemingly deep within,
in the grave azure light, she fancied she saw a face Üll.ncll toward her.
he
even thought she baw Charles's Jellow hair, ilnd the sdf-:::ame smile his lips had
174
FREDERIC JESUP STL1l80N,
[1861-88
wurn when he bent down to her before he fell. It cuuld be but a fancy. She
went home, and was silent with her friends about what had happened. In
the moonlight she went back, and again the next morning before dawn. :She
told no one of her going; but the old guide lllet her at the door, and walked
silently behind her. She had slept, the glacier ever present in her dreams.
The sun had not yet risen when she came; and she !:Sat a long time in the
cavern, listening to the lllurmur of the ri rer, flowing under the glacier at her
feet. Slowly the dawn began, and again she seemed to see the shimlller uf a
face-such a face as one sees in the coals of a dying fire. r..I'hen the full sun
came OYer the eastern mountain, and the guide heard a woman's cry. There
before her was Cbarles KnoUys I The face seemed hardly pale; and there was
the same faint smile-a smile like her memory of it, five and forty years gone
hy, Safe in the clear ice, still, unharmed, there lay-O God! not her Charles;
not the Charles of her own thought, who had li,-ed through life with her and
shared her sixty years; not the uld man she had borne thither in her minù-
but a boy, a boy of one and twenty lying asleep, a gho::5t from another world
coming to confront her from the distant past, immortal in the immortality
of the glacier, There was his quaint coat. of the fashion of half a century
before; his blue eyes open; his young, clear urow; all the form of the past she
had forgotten; and she his bride stood there to welcome him, with her wrin-
kles, her bent. figure, and thin white hrlÏrs. She was living, he was dead; and
she was two and forty years older than he.
Then at last the long-kept tears came to her, and she bent her white head
in the snow. The old man came up with his pick, silently, and begun work-
ing in the ice. The woman lay weeping, and the boy, with his still, faint smile,
lay looking at them, through the clear ice-veil, from his open eyes.
I belieye that the Professor found his bullet; I know not, I believe that
the scientific world rang with his name and the thesis that he published on
the glacier's motion, and the changeless temperature his father's lost ther-
mometer had shown. All this YOll mar read. I know no more.
But I know that in the English churchyard there are now two graves, and
a single stone, to Charles Knollys and
Iary, his wife; and the boy of one and
twenty sleeps there with his bride of sixty-three; his young frame with her
old one, his yellow hair beside her white. And I do not know that tlH're is
not some place, not here, where the
. are still together, and he is twenty-one
and she is still eighteen. I do not know this; hut I know that all the pam-
phlets of the German doctor cannot tell me it is false.
:\leantime the great Pasterzen glacier moves on, and the rocks with it; and
the mountain flings his shadow of the planets in its face.
1
G1-t;
]
HEXRY GUY CARLETON,
175
t
cnr1? GUt' <!:arlcton.
Bou
in Fort Union, New !\Iexico, 1855.
TilE DE
\.TH OF l\[E:\rXox.
[JIemnon. A Tragedy in Fh'e Acfs.-Printpd, not Published. 1884.]
ACT Y.-SCEXE [at close]: The front of the palace of LllX01", at Thebes; the steps ap-
proaching u'hich extend across the stage. Entrance to the palace at C. In front of
the palace at R, the colossal statue of Amenophi8. Time: the hour preceding dalm.
[Citizens rush in Rand L, to the palace C. Reënter Persians and Egyptians fighting
n, and exit L. Clash of sword.s. R.]
R ESAK. [n-itllOllt.] Down with thee! K ow for )Iemnon! "There is ue ?
[Elders. ]
[Reëllter .:.\IDIXOY in full armor.]
l\IEM
. I answer to that name; come, what is thine?
SES. [Raising !tis suoI'd.] This tongue shall tell it thee.
l\IE)IN. Ha! Thy voice does that.
Well, we have met at last.
SES. ...\1 last, indeed. [ Unmasks.]
'VeIl, what's the gos,..ip?
l\IE'IX. Villain of the world,
Hell starves for malice till I send thee there!
SES. 'Vhy, to it, then! [TIley fight. .Afhr a feV' passes l\IE)INON strikes
SESAK'S slcord from Mm. SESAK recoils sa'eral paces.]
[Enter PRAYES with Persian soldiers. PHAXES rushes between )IDDioy and
ESAK.]
PIIA. Stay, .:\Iemnon! )[emnon, hold!
Seize him! [Tuo soldiers seize SES.-\h.. ]
l\IE
IN. Why come between me :HIll my prey?
Hold off thy meùdling hands, I !'ay: Touch not
The tiger in me-that has tasted blood,
And I am dangerous.
SES. "Thy, let him come.
PUA. Nay, sir, you would not strike a pinioned man!
l\IE:\IN. Oh, thou hast robbed me! [Enter XITETlS, attended.]
PliA. Is it so
Behold!
NITET. l\Iy father, father! [Entel' .\.St;ETli. J
l\IE
IN. Daughter!
AS
ETJI. It is dawn.
:I\IE:\IN. Oh, never fairer blossomed in the east!
NITET. l\Iy father!
:ME)IN. Closer, girl! this is the day
Which pinnacles my calen(lar. Close, do
e!
NITET. How I have hungered for this hour!
IE
IN. Behold!
What guide like heaven? Through the grime of war
She comes unblackened.
ASSETII. [To Sl:SAK.] Well, my dog?
SES, Laugh on.
176
HENRY GUY CARLETON,
[1861-8S
PHA. Sir,-
l\IE:\IN. Thou art hungry, too? [Looses NITETIS'S arms from !tis
neck, leads he1' to PHANES, then approaches SESAR.]
Thou art to die,
ASSETH. Hear'st that, my dog?
SES. I do; I am to die.
[Ente1' )IExEPHTAH 'with drawn sword, a slm'e fanning him.]
J\IE:KEPH. A Persian! a Persian, I say! sho'w me a Persian. Great l\Iem-
non, where are the Persians? [Sees Pe1'sianð, and stops slwrt, hiding his
slcord and gettintJ behind the slave.]
PHA. 0, if thou giv'st her me- [
1 flourish.]
J\IE:\I
. 'Vhat trumpet's that?
[Enter PREXA8PES, attended; (tfter ldrn two pages bearing the Egyptian crown upon a
cushion l'eiltll.]
PHA. Prexaspes!
PREX. [To l\IE:\INoN.] Mightiest, hail!
[To NITETIS.] Hail, flower of the world; and joy to alII
Thus great Cambyses' greeting. [Kneels and offers (t scroll to l\IE:\INON.]
J\IE)IN. What is this?
To Hophra's daughter-
PURX. [Unveiling the crmon.] Hophra's crown. [ASSETH directs SESAR'S
atteJttion. ]
SES. Laugh on!
PREX. Hail, Queen of Egypt!
PHA. [Aside, turning moay.] Qneen? Then never mine. [NITETIS
looks at PHA:KES, then goes to l\IE:\INOX.]
NITET. Father, what would you have me do?
J\IE:\lx. ::\Iy girl,
Art thou not Hophra's daughter?
NrrET. [Pointing to PIIA:KES.] But for him?
)IE:\I
. 'VeIl, girl? There is thy golden heritage,
Thy father's crown.
NITET. But he?
l\IE)lx. Think not of him.
He will surrender thee.
NITET. Surrender me! [Turns to PHAXES.]
)IE)I
. Thou canst not marry with a foreigner.
And sit on Egypt's throne. [PHANES pOÍJlts to the crmcn and turns away.}
KITET. Alas!
)IEl\IN. 'Vhat! 'Veep?
And in thy grasp the mr.jesty and rule
Of half the world?
NITET. No, not my worill.
J\IE:\IN. Decide.
Still dumb? 'Tis written of thy womankind,
They may love poverty-till wooed by gold.
NITET. Is't so? Then pray correct the lying scroll.
Were this the diadem of fifty worlds,
To si t immortally upon my head,
It could not tempt me.
)IEl\IN. Why, tl10u foolish one?
1861-88]
HENRY GCY CARLETON.
177
NITET. 0, who can analyze a young girl's heart,
Or single out the wherefore of her love?
She on
ly kno,ys she loves, and that one love
Outshines the jewels ou an empress' 1>row.
I love him, sir,-that's my philosophy,
0, my dear love, how proud I am of you! [To PHANES.]
Take it away; I am a snhjpct, sir. [1'0 PHEXASPES.]
Here is my king.-Father, approve my choice. [Kneels befOl'e l\[E
IXON.]
)IE\IK. .\..pprove! [Raises lieI' and takes her in his m'ms.] [1'0 PREXA::;PES.]
This urow would shame the diadem.
"
e thank Cambyses.
PREX. Then farewell, my 10n1.
[Exit PREXASPES and pages. SES.AK steals l.:lufe from the girdle of the soldier guarding
him, and secretes it in !tis Ò(JðfHll.]
l\[E)IK Approve-my girl of nohle heart
appl'01:e?
Why, had'st thou faltered hut a moment: touched-
Nay, looked upon the crown-and so forsworn
The love thou'st plighted him-I swear to thee,
Thou never should'st have called me fathel' more.
1\ly Greek, have I not proven her? Liuk your hands.
[X ITF.TIS and PH.AXES, join /1/g Ita nds, kneel,]
I give her to thee wholly. Guard her well:
She will reward thee. She'll not love at morn,
And ere the evening wasteth love thee not;
Nor harbor giddy tales, nor count thy purse
In ller decision, nor decry thy gods
That they are diffcrent. She'll be wife to thee,
At worst in sunshiue, 1>esc in douut and night,
As comforting as is the pilot's star;
'Vife to thy spirit, closer than thy body.
1\1.)' girl, he this thy dower for all life-
Thy hushand, unto thee, stands next to Gail.
PHA. )[y own, my own at last! [HESAK 1rhÙjiers AssETH, '{rho ap-
pI'o({ches ME\IKON.]
ASSETII. Noble III y loril,
He craves a word with you.
ME
[
. Ha! On \\ hat theme?
ASSETII. Your hrother, sir-
ME'IN. r 8t" rting for'ranl.] )Iy hrother!
ASSETII.
ay, my lord,
He does confess him inuocellt-
PHA. .\.. way! [ Guards lay hold of SESAK.]
SES. Great :J\Iemnon, hear me!
NITET. Hear him, father.
PHA. Nay.
NITET. Upon our wedding day-see it is dawu!
Let us oe merciful.
SES. [.Lt
ide.] I'll crack this tune!
Rare virgin, thanks.-)Iy lord, I pray you, hpar.
)IEl\I
, 'Vhat wouldst thou say to me? Devil thou art;
But if thou show'st my hrother guiltless, lo!
VOL. xr.-12
1,8
HENRY GUY CARLE1'OX.
[1861-88
Thou'lt play the angel to me.
pcak, I say.
Thou hast the viper's tooth, but I do swear-
Didst leal I him on ?-didst lie to him ?-say that;
Unburden me and wash his memory,
And though thou showest blacker than the fiends,
I'll call thee charitable. Spe
\k to me!
SES. Great sir, am I to utter like a slave?
These vile ears nearest ?-Stund aside from me! [To the {Juard.'!.l
PHA. lIas he a weapon?
ASSETII. K o.
SES. Fear ye these hanùs ?
Why, were these fingers each a knife-but sure-
Asiùe from me! [At a sígllalfl'um )[E)[NON, the {Juardfalls back.] I hum-
bly thank you, sir;-
You, lady-you, most gallant general.
Now may I speak, indecd.
MK\[l\. WeB? Come to it.
SES. Nay, yet a little.-Pray you, general, [To PUANES.]
Stand yonùér for a moment; 'tis a whim,
A vagary.-I am so soon to die,
And you so happy there-l pray you, sir!
PHA. 'Vhy, this is folly-
NITET. There is reason in 't.
I do beseech you, go.
SES. 0, thanks to you.
PHA. Quickly confess thee-L
SES. Ay, so please you, sir.
Stand further from me, knave! Pardon; swect sirs;
Though I'm your cagèd rat, J must have room,-
A little room to creep al111 breathe awhile.
Be patient yet.-I do confess me, sir, [1'0 )[E)[NON.]
I led your brother OlI.-Your mercy, sir, [1'0 PHANES.]
'Twas I that sent her into Persia. Thcn,
I do acknowledge that my dearest aim-
Fulfilled, fulfilled I-was to destroy
And scatter Egypt's glory like a chaff
Before the whirlwind-nay, a moment, sir! [To PU-\NES.]
This much I tell ye freely, with my heart!
Ye were my tools. Your brawn, your souls, your hands,
'Vere my good servitor
, and r thank ye for it!
Now for my mystery,-catch it who can!
'Vhat shouh1 I speak-:S:l\"c of the hates I bear ye ?
'Yhat do-except complete my sworn revenge?
I am a viper-look to it-hehold,
Ye tread on me! I turn anù sting ye-thus!
[Runs t01l'ard K ITETIS u.ith (t knife drawn,. :;\lDlxox throws himself quickly beiu'eeu,
and recei/.'es tlte Mow.]
ASSETIl. Disarm him!
PHA. Horror!
SES. Sister, sister! sleep! [Stabs ldmself and falls.]
PHA. Justice! where is thy sword! [Bending over SESAK.]
J\IE.MN. [Pointiny Up Icard. ] Nay, peace to òeath! [Sinks.]
1861-
]
FLORA HAINES LOUGHEAD.
179
KITET. 0, father!-
PHA. Bring a surgeon. Asseth, go!
ASSETH. Nay, it is mortal.
PIB.. Jupiter! 'twas foul.
KITET. 0 father, speak to me!
íE'IX. Be happy, girl,-
(,heri
h her, Greek.
PHA. 0 )Ieumon, Menmon, live!
)IE11:K. Xuy, thi:-i is better.-Life's an empty dream,
Guessed only by the deaù.
XITET. Father!
)IE:\IN. )Iy girl,
I lond thee fondly; give thy lips again.
Nay, gentle, mourn me not; my storm-tossed soul
Is at its anchorage, anù all is calm. [lJiLS.]
lora
atttc
ILouglJcatJ.
Bom. in Milwaukee, 'Wis., 1855.
TIlE FORTeXES OF WAR.
[The Argonaut. 1887.]
B RIDGET CALLAIL\X and Norah O'Grady met at a fish-stall in the
ixteenth
tl'ect
Iarket, and, as luck woulù have it, each fixed her
fancy upon a particulal'ly large and handsome flounder which lay upon the
limy marble slab, The two women had come up to the stall at about the
alllC moment. It was not Bridget Callahan's fault that the dealCJ', a dal'k-
skinncd Italian with sleepy black eycs, happened to see hcr first, but the
O'nrady chose to think so anù abused her roundly, while the Italian rolled up
till' fish in a piece of coarse brown paper, counted out his customer's change,
alld bowed his thanks.
The tide of ineffectual wrath \\ hich i
sued from ::\Irs. O'Grady's lips sur-
}wised no une aceustemed to the place. It secmed rather to delight its object.
J\orab O'Grad,' was a snwll woman, stout and firm-set as an ale-bottle. with
a rathcr long n
ck and a small head, which was on this occasion crowned with
a sailor-hat Lclonging to her little daughter, pre;:;umaùly snatched up by mis-
take in her ha:;te to get out for hcr daily marketing. ::\Ir;:;. Callahan, on the
other hand. was of generuus proportions, with a large fat face and serene blue
eyes that could be savnge enough upon occasion. And ;:;he was gurgeuu::::ly
arrayed, wearing a brilliant Paislcy shawl with a fiery rell centre, a vaunt uf
social
upcriority which she had wavcù before )[r;:;. O'Grady for year
.
They met again at the door of the market, and as:-:ailcd each other with a
storm of invective, for which the fish acted as an excuse.
Both knew that there would be no "making- up" ur "taking back." The
day for recunciliation \Va;:; long gonc by. Just whcl} this crisis bad pas
ed it
180
FLORA HAINES LOUGHEAD.
[1861-88
would he difficult to say, 'Vhether it occurred on the day, some ten Yéars
gone hy, that tIle two families first took np their abode in cottages side by
side, and
lrs. Cal1ahan's Tim threw a dead cat at )lrs. O'Grady, and 31rs.
O'Grady retaliated by crashing a pane of glass in thr Callahan domici1e. in
her e:horts to punish the culprit, allù )lrs. Callahan appeared upon the scene,
hot, and red. and covered with dust from beating carpets, and es
ayed to take
the carpet.stick to ::\lrs. O'Grady, to her own discomfiture; whethcr these-
sUlall ueginnings, which were liable to occur in any families of the Callahan
and O'Grady circle, formed the animus and incentive to after-hostilities, \"ho
can say? Certain it is that the war had been kept up with unabated vigor
ever since. There is a certain convenience in lluarrelIiug over:t back fence,
which people who have had to nurse their wrath at a distance will readily ap-
preC'iatc. Anger ha::; no chance to cool. as wheu time and di
tance iuten'eue.
U, er the cook-sto\'e, at the wash-tub, ironing, sweeping, scrubbing, rocking
their Labies, the voice of cach could l'enetrate the other's domicile. 1 t is
needless to say tLat they made free use of their opportunities, If there was
an opprohrious epithet in the vocabulary of billingsgate practiseJ in Goats'
Hollow-that choice quarter of San Francisco where both had. the honor to
claim a residence-which they had Hot at some time flung at each otlH'r dnr-
il1
their intercour
e, hoth would have thanked yon to make it known, that
the}' might at once atone for the deficiency. They had resorted to every ex-
pedient to prove their genuine neighborly feeling. 'When Mrs, Callahan
hung her washing oyer the back fenc , ::\lrs. O'Grady sprinkled it liberally
with dish-water. The soil in both back yards was generally mulched" ith
broken crockery, old uottles, bustles, corset steels, battered tin cans, and other
ueighborly courtesies which had been exchanged m'er this cOllveuient Lack
fence.
In some ways, this feud had been of great benefit to both families. It had
sened as a sort of safety-valve for the conflicting emotions whieh often dis-
turu the peace of a household, How much bodily fatigue and parental irrita-
tion the two müthers had worked off upon each other will never be positi\-ely
known. 'With the youngsters, a proximate estimate of the exact amount of
viciousness spared their own flesh and ulood might easily be made. ''"'"hen
Tim Callahan was spankeù hy llis mother, he immediately cuffed a young
O'Grady. "
hen .Annie O'Grady was denied a new frock, she made faees at
Tim Callahan. The little Callahans and O'Gradys sparred and scratched and
hit and stoned each other with promiscuou
zeal.
For a time the heads of the t\\'o families abstained from any active partici-
pation in the general scrimmage, looking with dignified indulgence upon the
clashingsof the two weaker Yesscl
, Little by little they were drawn into the
conflict. Some depredations of more than usual atrocity had fired O'Graay's
blood. Callahan had been wfought to a frenzy by the com bined effects of an
in:-:ulting taunt and an unllsn:.llly generous evening dram, the two men had
forth with indulged in a kllock-dowu fig-ht, anù having once aired their gril'\T-
ances within the urena of the police court, regularly contriuuted to swell its
annuls,
At the time of which J write, an interesting bit of litigation was pending be-
1861-88]
FLORA H.Al.1YES LOUGHEAD.
181
tween the two families. The O'Grady
kept poultry, and a sorry lot of fowls
they were, maimed and crippled b,y the persecution of the Callahaus. Never-
thelc:::s a feeble tribe of ducks, and geese, and hens wandere(1 about the back
yard, or scoured the odorous precincts of Goats' Hollow. contriving to pick
up a precarious Ii, ing. Sometimes they ventured on the premises of neigh-
bors, and were driven away with many a loud" shoo," shower of dirt, or wav-
ing of dish-toweh. Ko\\', the Callahans had a flower-garden which was at
once theirgloryam1 their pride, being gorgeous with showy geranium::;, prick-
ly "ith cactus, and redolent with herùs. The O'Grady fowl
, sharing the
family animosity, spiel1 uut this humble paradise. and be
i('geù it with a }wr-
si
tence that was positively ghoulish. By day ànd hy night. through chink
and crevice and gates left carelessly ajar, they in"Vaùed the Callahan garden
and uprooted the choicest plants. When the Callaham; walled them out, they
burrowed under; when they laid a coping of roc1..s around the entire lot,
they still contrived to make periodical marauds. It was privately whispered
that the O'Gradys used to set up a step-ladder in their yarù to as::;ist the fowls
ill their depreùations, Be this as it may, the Callahans at length got a dog,
a fierce, yellow, whiskered canine, with a stub tail and an evil eye, warranted
to be death on fowls. Thereafter, ,,-hen a chicken. or duek, or goose stole
into the Callahan grounds, its mangled body wað promptly flung back ovcr
the fence. The O'Gradys could not stand this lorfg. One day )Ir, O'Grady
paid a visit to a neighboring druggist. awl the next morning the Callahan dog
was stiff and stark. That day at noon )ír. Callahan swore ont a warrant for
the arrest of )Ir. O'Gradv, and the trial of the latter was set for a week from
the day on which our sto;'y begins, Buth families were to be out in force, and
the suit promised to be the occa
ion for airing a long list of grievanceð on both
si des.
\ð the feminine heads of these two warring factions continued their home-
ward walk, it must not be imagined that they took opposite sides of the street.
Had they L1elonged to a different gr
t(1e of society they would doubtle;-:s have
contented themselves with icy ::;tares ,,,hen they met, and gone their way swell-
ing with horrible things they would have liked to say. Being the women they
were, they had the comfort of giving full vent to their feelings, and walked
along side hy side, in a neighborly fashion, punctuating eaeh step with angry
words, tart ('jaclllations, and venomou::; sneers. "Then they luul progre:-'::5ed a
block or so, a ;-:light distraction, of a not entirely disagreeable nature, oc-
curred. A youthful Callahan was disco\'ered in the act of belaboring a young
O'Grady with a five-gallun oil-can, while a bloody nose and a scratch 011 the
a:,:sailanfs face attested the ability uf the O'Grady to give as good as tlw Cal-
lahan sent.
The two mothers watched the battle with pride in the ]1fowess of theIr uff-
spring. Xeither attempted to interfere. This was a consistent l'('ðult of years
of imlu:::trious training, a "Valiant rally to the support of family tradition::5. It
was more than that, it was salve for a secret grievance that each nouri::5hed in
her heart. For upwards of a year their two eldest had suspentJ.ed hostilitic::5.
Kay, more; Tim and Annie exchangcd shy glaneeð of sympathy and affection
whenever they met. They had been seen nall\.illg together acro:,::5 the Hullow
182
FLOR
1 HAINES LOUGIIEAD.
[ 1861-88
at night. Annie, a pretty, blue-eyed little creature, who was really modest
and lady-hke, and altogether a very exceptional product of a public-school
education working upon raw Hibernian material, had lifted up her voice in
defence of the Callahans, in her mother's house. Tim, a sturdy young fel-
low, who had spent the Lest dnys of his youth dodging the police authorities
and the Industria] School, but had turned out a very decent machinist after
all, had left the paternal mansion the night before, slamming the door behind
him, ill resentment of some slighting allusion to the O'Gradys, The neigh-
bors were beginning to say that it was a pity such a likely young couple should
be kept apart by family differencl:s; but the parcnts preserved an unCOlll-
promising front.
So absorbed were both ,,"omen in watching the outcome of the combat that
they did not at first obsen-e a crowd that haù gathered farther down the
street, nor the people running thither from all quarters. Evidently
ome-
thing of interest was occurring; possiùly a fire. The Callahalls and the
O'Uradys, young and old, nevcr missed a fire if they could help it. "
ith one
accord the two women started for the scene of excitement, and as Mrs.
O'Grady's short limbs were somewhat more agile than )lrs. Callahan's longer
ones, they kept well abrea
t, and never pan sed until they had reached the
outskirts of the ever-increasing crowd. rrhen )lrs. Callahan stopped with
prophetic instinct, one hand prcssed closely to her panting ùreast.
" It"s the sewer. Something's happcned in the sewer; an' my Bill a-goin"
to work here the mornin'."
Norah O'Grady gave an exclamation"of disgust. The idea of one of the
Callahan erowel being singled out for any special disaster was so absurd on
the face of it that the very suggestion awoke in her a sense of impatience.
., An' wltat's happened?" she said, in a debative tone, accenting the sec-
ond word, addressing a man who stood at her elbow.
"Bank caved in, )Ien under it."
" K 0, some men fell into an old cesspool that they uncovered. ..
Bridget Callahan did not wait to hear more, but pusheil her' way through
the crowd. Norah O'Grady, without waiting to think, or rcason that it was
none of her concern, followed in her enemy's wake, In spite of oath
, and
resistance, and angry words, they threaded their way to the margin (If a
narrow circle, where banks of loo::5ely heaped earth SU:Tounded a yawning
hlack hole. There they learned the details of what had happened. In (''>:tend-
ing the system of scwerage along the street, an old cesspool had been uncov-
ered and three mcn had heen sent down to examine it; two of them had
beaten a quick retreat. but the third had succumbed to the foul gases gencr-
ated there. Two succes
iYe attcmpts had been made by other workmen to
rescue him, but ncither of the men who went down after him had rf'tnrned.
Three men lay dead or dying at the foot of the laùder, and no workman could
be found foolhardy enough to yenture down.
.. An' who were the men that wint down? " asked Bridget Callahan.
., "\V3bh and "\Villiams was the men tlwt went last. Bill Callahan was the
first. .,
"
le husband an' the father of seven children. A man that is honest as
18Gl-8b]
FLORA HALYES LOCGHEAD.
183
the day is long; that niver lost a day's worrk in his life. :May the Lord an' all
the holy saints have pity on me !" wailed Bridget Cal1ahan.
Even in her first wild cry of grief she managed to sting the woman who
stood silently by her side, and Norah O'Grady felt the thrust and winced un-
der it. Noone had e,er accused Patrick 0 'Grady of being honest, and as for
doing a day'::; work-since the day, some eight or ten years ago, when 0 'Grady
had abandoned the calling of a hostler and taken up the profe:,sion of a ward.
politician, he had never condescended to soil his hands with a day's manual
labor, Yet, strangely enough, K orah O'Grady felt no inclination to triumph
over her enemy, but a new and tender feeling crcpt into her heart.
)Ieantime Bridget Callahan filled the air with the
onnd of her lamenta-
tion, now sobbing, now pleading, now railing at those about her.
" Au' are yc men, an' stand there idle, with three poor fellow:, perishin' 80
near, an' not a hand that lifts to save him
Shame on ye for weak-hearted
cowards! For the love of heaven, bOY8! 011, ye lazy Yagabone::::
Let a woman
show ye your duty
" And quick as a flash, before anyone could anticipate
her mo,ement, in spite of her corpulent and clumsy figure, she had swung
herself over upon the ladder, and wa:-: preparing to go down,
In the first excitement of their appearance upon the scene, neither of the
women had noticed a big, muscular fellow, wearing a flashy checked suit with
an air of awkward rakishnl'
, who stood on the bank of fresh earth but a few
paces away, smoking a short pipe and gazing speculatively into the black pit
below. As the woman's shrill cry of denunciation reached his cars, he might
ha,-e been seen to remove the pipe from his lips for a moment and smile grim ly
to himself, like one who hears a compliment intended for him, aud ha::itened
to acknowledge it. But )Irs. Callahan had no sooner set foot on the ladder
than a heavy hand fell on her shoulder, and a gruff voiee sounded in her
ears.
"Back! ..
Hhe looked up and recognized him, and her face grew red as a lobster with
contending emotions.
., Oh, it's you, Patrick O.Grady, is it!" she cried out, in a shrill voice.
,. Let go of me. Oh, you worthless loafer! You good-for-nothing, do-nothing,
dog-poisoning r-ra:;cal! Let me go to save my man, :My man. whose little
finger is worth more than your whole lazy body. Oh, Bill, Bill!" And she
broke out into a fresh storm of sobs; but ::;he suffered herself to be led back
without fnrther protest.
Ieanwhile, the man whom she had so bitterly denonnced, but to whom ðhe
had ne,-ertheless yielded an unwilling obedien
e, felt a light touch upon his
shoulder, and turned to face his wife. His ey<,s a::;ked a queðtion, and her
eyes answered,
H All right. if you say so, my girl."
In an instant his attitude had changed, New life seemed infuser{ into him.
IIið huge, brawny frame, but the moment before a torpid, inert mas
, be-
came the emhodiment of acti-dtyand force. The sluggi::;h blood bounded
through his vein
. Recollections of old timei', when he had been a miner on
the Cõm:;tock and had fuught the miller'ð hat tIe with foul air and fire-damp,
184
FLORA HAINES LOUGIIEAD.
[1861-88
came back to him. He flung off his coat and unbuttoned his collar, baring
his huge. muscular throat.
"Some rope!" he shouted.
A coil of rope fell at his feet. He caught up a hose, hanging over a hed of
mortar close by, and turned a spray of watt'r into the dark pit, at the same
time saturating his hanùkerchief with the water anti binding it tightly about
his mouth and nostrils. Then, with the rope knotted around him, a direc-
tion to the lllen who were to pay it out, and a parting word to his wife, he
stepped upon the ladder and commenced the descent.
Norah O'Grady, her heart wrung with terror, stood on the brink and saw
him go-to his death, she thought-and tried to frame some prayer for him,
but her white lips refused to move. Standing there, on the threshold of what
she felt must be the tragedy of her life, she became suddenly aware of the cu-
rious eyes bent upon her, and of the absurd spectacle she presented in her
calico wrapper and with the child's hat on her bead. She knew that she had
sent her husband to his doom, and she must not leave the place where she
could see his dead body when the men pulled it up; but sbe tried to settle the
jaunty hat into some expression of propriety, and, fumLling with her Lelt,
strove to arrange the folds of her wrapper,
In the midst of her awkward struggle a mantle seemed to descend upon her
from the heavens. Gazing in astonishment over one shoulder, she found her-
self arrayed in all the glory of the Paisley bhaw1. Looking up, she saw her
enemy awed into silence by the strange turn events had taken, looking dmvn
upon her with quite a new expression, and she realized that it was 110 chance
impulse that had prompted her to dives herself of the garment, but tender
womanly consideration.
"I don't need it," whispered Mrs, Callahan. Then she quite broke down.
"Oh. Norah O'Grady!" Catchillg the laUer's little nervous hand between
her large, strong ones, she sobbed over her in penitence and com pu::;sion.
There was a cry from those who stood about the ladder.
"Here he comes!"
An instant later, O'Grady's herculean figure appeared, bearing in hið arms
a slender young fellow who tried to stand, anù would have fallen haù not
strong arms come to his aid.
A shout went up:
"It's'Villiams!"
A gray-haired woman came forward, and half-led, half-supported her son
away.
The next time O'Grady appeared, he stumLled and fell, as he was relieved
of his inanimate burden. A whisper ran aroulld:
" It's 'Valsh."
They laid him on the ground.
A girl stole timidly out from the crowd, and wept over her dead lover. An
eyes turned questioningly upon O'Graùy, who was leaning up against a box,
pale and shaky, making a weak gesture of protest as the swaying of the curi-
ous crowd threatened to shut off the air from him. Then he arose, and fal-
tered toward the mortar-box where the hose was playing. He had loosed the
1861-1:\8]
FLORA HAI.NES LOUGE.{EAD.
185
handkerchief from his mouth and nose, and now untied it with trembling
hands.
"He's going to give it up," some one said.
O"Grady heard the words, and was reminded that he had already done all
that could be expected of any man; that if he stopped now, he would still be
a hero in the eyes of those who Wére looking on; that neither duty nor reason
demanded his return to the poisonous den from which he had escaped, but
IJC looked toward the quarter from which the words had come, and replied
with a savage sncer:
,. ..LYot much!"
lIe stopped just long enough to take a cool, invigorating draught from the
nozzle of the hose and to saturate the handkerchief again, before binding it
across his face. He called for another length of rope, and, as he instructed
the men to haul up at a given signal, the.v knew that his strength was giving
out. TheIl he leaped Ul)on the ladder and descended, hand-oyer-hand, with
the swiftness of one who is about to take a desperate risk, Noone in the pure,
wholesome air above could guess what it was to plunge into this noisome hole,
the reeking repository of filth and corruption, from which poisonous gases
exhaled, blotting out the light of day that essayed to creep through the nar-
row opening above, making it impossible for so much as the flame of a canale
to survive. Nor did O'Grady find any comfort in the reflection that he wa::;
doing a magnanimous and gallant deed, risking his life to save his enemy, To
him, Callahan had from the first lost personality and identity. He wað sim-
ply a fellow-being, suffering, failing, dying.
As O'Grady reached the lower rung of the ladder and stouped to the foul
ooze below, the horriùle vapors seemed to rise like spectral forms, clutching
at him, gripping his throat, crushing his chest in a vise-like embrace. lIis
eyes were blinded, something roareù in his cars like the thunder of incoming
breakers. Sightless, deafened, choking, he groped about him, and found
what he sought.
The men above felt a faint })llll on the rope O'Grady had carried in his
hands, and hauled it in with a will. A moment later, Callahan, uuconscious,
but with his chest heaving in slow, convulsive movements, lay stretched upon
the ground beside them. E-verybody looked to see O'Grady's resolute face amI
hroad shoulders appear at the opening. Cheers were on their lips, praise in
their hearts. Somebody pulled gently upon the rope be had tied about his
waist when he first went down. Heavy, inanimate weight was the only rc-
sponse. Two of the workmen swuug themselves down the ladder until only
their heads and shoulder::; were visible, and, gripping the rope, brought the
heavy burden into position to be raised.
"1..\ ow, hoys!"
Slowly and more carefully than before they pulled upon the rope. "\Vhen
N orall O'Grady saw the lifeless form, she sprang forward with a little cry.
A week later two convalescents sat up in bed and demanded to he dressed.
Bridget Callahan hastened to obey her husband's behest with a willing heart
and trcmLlillg hand
. X orah O'Grady scolded and expostulated, but to no
186
FLORA HAISES LOCGHEAD.
[18Gl-88
effect. O'Grady stormed and swore, and went angrily ofr without his break-
fast, putting in his appearance at the police court a full ten minutes before
his an tagonist.
He had actually got in a saT"age plea of " Guilty, an' it plaze your honor!"
when the plaintiff appeared on the scene. The two men met for the first time
since the day when Callahan had been drawn hack from the jaws of a fright-
ful death by his enemy. O'Grady would not look toward him now, but re-
peated his plea, rather more loudly and decidedly than before:
" Guilty, your honor. "
Callahan held a hasty consultation with an official of the court.
" 2folle prosequi," announced the latter, in a careless tone,
"Case dismissed. Call the next," said the Judge.
O'Grady had to be twice informed before he comprehended the turn nffairs
had t.aken. Then he left reluctantly, unhappy and dissatisfied. The fact
that he had laid his enemy under the heaviest possible obligations to himself
had only served to whet his zest in the role of injured innocence, which he
had been ready to enact. He had ùeen making ready his powers of oratory
all the way down town, rehearsing the pedigree of the game-cock
Callahan's
dog had slain, counting his decimated flock of ducks, raking up a score of old
injuries which he meant to rehearse if an opportunity was pre8ented, He
went out of court crestfallen, Someuody awaited him outside the door.
"O'Grady!" saiJ Callahan, in a voic; at once conciliatory, pleading, argu-
mentative, holding out his hand at the same t.ime.
If O'Grady had been the man who had lain at the bottom of the cesspool,
and Callahan tlJe lllan who had saved 'lim, he would have struck aside the
proffered hand, But all at once it came to him that one who confers a fayor
has ubligations far more binding than those of the recipient. The man who
has once done a noble and unselfish act has a character to maintain, It is the
old principle of noblesse oblige, among high and low, rich and poor, the world
over.
They walked down the stairs together and out into the street, For a long
time they did not speak, Then Callahan, timidly:
"They do say as our Tim be coortin' av your Annie."
O'Grady smoked his pipe for some seconds without replying. Then he
took it deliberately from his mouth,
" Tim's a loikely lad," he said.
That evening Tim Callahan walked np to the front door of the O'Grady
cottage. Annie O'Grady, her face a genuine April of smiles and tears, was.
there to recei ve him,
1861-88J
HENRY CUYLER BUN:)lER.
187
enrr (!tltrlet 1Su1tner.
BOR
in O::;wego,
. Y., 1855.
TIlE "\V A Y TO ARCADY.
[Airsjrom .A.rcady and ElsPldwrp. 1884.]
o II, 'lclwt's the way to .Arcru.ly,
To Arcady, to A'J'cady
.
Oh, 'lolwt's the 'loay to ANxllly,
W7ICre all the lea'l'es are 7flcrry'l
Oh, what's the way to Arcady?
Thc spring is rustling in the tree-
Thc tree the wind is blowing through-
It sets the hlossoms flickering white,
I knew not skies could uurn so bluc
Nor any breezes blow so light.
They blow an old-time way for me,
Across the world to Arcady,
Oh, what's the way to Arcady ?
Sir Poet, with the rusty coat,
Quit mocking of the song-bird's note.
How have you heart for any tunc,
You with the wayworn russet shoon ?
Your scrip, a-swinging by your side,
Gapes with a gaunt mouth hungry-wide.
I'll brim it well 'with pieces red,
If you will tell the way to tread.
Oh, I am bound for .Arcarly,
And if you but keep pace 'lcith 'me
You t,.ead the way to
lr"(uly.
And whcre away lies A.rcady,
And how long yet may thc journey be
Ah, thrti (quoth he) I do not kno1l)-
Acruss tlle clover and thf3 snnw-
Acros8 the frost, aao.'!.'1 the flOirers-
Tll1'ullgh summer second.
allfl/rÏnter hours.
I've trud tlte 'lNlY my 'lcllOle life long,
Awl k'lOl() not now 'lchere it may be
'
'Iy gl1ide is but tlw stir to song,
That tells me I (Ylft7llJt go 'l()rong,
Or clf:ftr or dark the pathlray be
Upon the road to Arcady.
But how shall I do who cannot sing?
I was wont to sing, once on a time-
There is never an echo now to ring
Remembrance back to the trick of
rhyme.
, Tis strange you cannot sing (quoth he),
Thefolk all sing in Arcady.
But how may he find Arcady
'Vho hath nor youth nor melody?
JVhat, know you wt, old man (quoth
he)-
YOllr hair is 'lrhite, your face is wi:$e-
That Lore must kiss that .Mortal's eyes
W710 hopes to see fair A1'Cady'!
JYo gold CfLn buy you ent'.aJlce there;
But beggared Love may go all bal'e-
JI.
o 'lriðdom 'lcon 'loith MearÏ11ess;
But Lore goes in 'lritll Folly's dress-
No fame that 'lcit rollld ever U;ill ;
But ouly Luu may lead Love in
To Al'C(U]y, to Arcady.
Ah, woe is me, through all my days
WÏsdom and wealth I hoth have got,
And fame and name, and great men's
praise;
But Lovc, ah, Lm"c! I have it not.
There was a timc, when life was new-
Rut far away, and half forgot-
I only know her eyes were bluc;
Rut Love-I fear I knew it not.
'Ve did not wcd. for lack of gold,
And shc is dcad, and I am old.
All things ]ulYe comc since then to me,
Save Love, ah, Lovc! and Arcady.
1h, then Ifear loe part (quoth he),
.J.lly May'sfor Lote ((/td Arcady.
But you, you fare alone, like me;
The grny is likewisc in your hair.
What love have you to lead you there,
To Arcatly, to
\rcady ?
188
HENRY CUYLER BUlYjyER.
[1861-88
Ah, no, not lonely do Ifm'e;
..LVy true companion's ..L1Jemor!!.
Trith love hefills the Sjn'ing-time air
'
With love he clotlies the 1fïnter tree.
Oh, jîast this poor llOrizon's bound
.JJy song goes straight to one
olw stands-
Her fae,e all gladdening at the l$ound-
To leail 'me to the Spring-green lands,
To 1M/Ida 1citlt enlacing hands.
The 80ngs
oit1lÏn 'lit!! breast that 8th'
A'l'e all '1' her, are all of he!'.
JJ!! maid is dead long years (quoth he),
Slle MaitsfOJ' me in Arcady.
Oh, yon's the way to A1'cady,
To Arcady, to Arcady;
Ok, yon's the way tv A-rcady,
Where all the leaves are Ulary.
SHE WAS A BEAUTY.
S HE was a beauty in tlH'days
'Vhen )[adison was President:
And quite coquettish in her ways-
On conquests of the heart intent.
Gram1papa, on his right knee bent,
Wooed her in stiff, old-fashioned phrase-
She was a ùeauty in the days
When :Madison was President.
And when your roses where hers went
Shall go, my Rose, who dates from Hayes,
I hope you'll' car her swcet content
Of wholll tradition lightly ::mys:
She was a heauty in the days
'Vhcn Mad ison was President.
.
A PITCHER OF )lIG
O
ETTE.
A PITCHER of mignonette,
In a tenemcnt's highest casement:
Queer sort of flo\\"er-pot-yet
That pitcher of mignonette
Is a garden in heaven set,
To the little sick child in the basement-
The pitcher of mignonctte,
ill the tenement's highest casement.
--
.....
-
Îii4,
k, "
. tt1!1
,
......-:1.
" -
v
.. L
,
\} 'n' ',,\
.
\-- ." ,.. .
....
,
'
, c-
" ......
-:::
, n,,
..
\
""->;
",rl,/
J il
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If Ii
L-r- ß
/!.{
1861-88]
HEJ.YRY CUYLER Br:NNER.
189
LOYE I
OLD ('LOATHES.
[In PartnerRhip.-Sforie.s by Brander J/atfhell's (Iud H. C. Bunner. lRS4.]
KEWE YORK. ye 1 st Aprile, 1883.
Y E worste of my ailment is this, tit groweth not Less with much nurs-
inge. but is like to those fevres w ch ye leeches Starve, 'tis snide, for that
ye more Bloode there be in ye Sicke man's Bodie, ye more foode is there for l'
Distemper to feede upon.-And it is moste fittinge yt I come backe to yS my
Journall (wherein I have not writt a T.Jyne these manye months) on ye pt of
Aprile, beinge in some Sort myne owne foole anù ye foole of Loye, and a poore
Butt on whome his hearte hath pla,v'd a Sorry tricke.-
For it is sure1ie a strange happenninge. that I, who am ofte accompted a
man of yeW orlde, (að ye Phrase goes,) sholde be soe Overtaken and caste downe
lyke a Schoole-boy or a countrie Bumpkin, by a meel'e )Iayde. & sholde set
to Groaninge and Sighinge. &, for that She will not 11:1'-e me Sighe to Her,
to thoaninge and Sighinge on paper, Wcb i:s ye grC'tC'r Fooli
hne:03
e in )Ie, t
some oue maye reade it Here-after, who hath taken his dose of ye .:ame Phys-
ieke, and made no "Trve faces over it; in wcb ca
e I clouLte I shall be much
laugh'd at.- Yet soe n;uch am I a foole, and soe enamour'd of my Foolish-
nesse, yt I have a sorte of Shamefull J oye in tellinge, even to my J ournalJ, yt
I am mightie deepe in Love withe ye yonge Daughter of )Iistresse Ffrench,
and all maye knowe what all Angell ið ye Daughter, since I have chose )pso
Ffrench for my )Iother in Lawe.-(Though she will hate none of my choos-
inge, )-anù I likewise take comforte in yÐ Fancie, yt this poore Sheete, wh on I
write, may be made of l' Raggs of some lucklesse Lover, and maye ye more
readilie clrinke up my eomplaiuinge Inke.-
This muche I have learnt, ytFraunce di
tilles not. nor ye Indies growe not,
ye Remedie for my Aile.-For when I pt became sensihle of ye folly of my
Suite, I toóke to drynkinge & smoakinge, thinkinge to cure my minde, but
all I got was a head ache, for fellowe to my I1earte ache.-A sorrie Payre !-
I then made Shifte, fOl' a while, withe a ßicyclf', but hreakinge of Bones
mendes no breakinge of HC'artes, and GO myles a Daye briuges me no nearer
to a 'Yeddinge.-This being Lowe Sondaye, (W Cb my Hearte telll'th me hettel'
than ye Allmanack,) I will goe to Ohurche; who I ma
.e chaunce to see IH'r.-
Laste weehe, her Eastre honnett vaðtlie pleas'd me, beinge most cunninglie
dcvys'd in ye mode of ourc Grandmothers, and verie lyke to a coale:, Hcuttle,
of white satine.-
2 nd
\l'rile.
I trust I make no more moane, than is ju
t for a man in my ca:,C', but there
is small comforte in lookinge at ye backe of a white Hatine bonnett for twu
Houres, and I maye saye as much.-K either any cheerc in Her goinge out of
ye Ohurche, & 'Valkinge downe ye Avenue, with a Puppe by)e name of 'Yil-
liamson,
4 tb . \ l'rile.
Because a man have a lIatt with a Brimme to it like ye PoolJe-Deekc of a
Steam-Shippe, and hreeche:51Jkc ye Case of au umbrella, and have loste money
190
llE.LYR Y CUYLER B U.LV1fER.
[1861-t)8
on Hindoo, he is not therefore in ye beste Societie.-I made this observation,
at ye Clubbe, last nighte, in ye hearinge of "\r mson , who made a mightie Pre-
tence to reade ye Spt of ye Tymes.-l doubte it was scurvie of me, but it did
me m uche goode.
';'th Aprile.
ye manner of my meetinge with Her and fallinge in Love with Her (for ye
two were of one date) is thus.-l was made aeqnainte withe Her on a 'Yednes-
daie, at ye House of )listresse Varick, ('twas a Reception,) but did not hear
Her Name, nor She myne, by reason of ye noise, and of :;\l'"sse Varick having
but lately a newe sett of Teethe, of who she had not yet gott, as it 'were, ye jnst
Pitche and accordance. -1 sayde to Her that ye ,reather was warm for that
season of ye yeare.-She made answer She thought I was right, for )l r 'Yil-
liamson had saÜle ye same thinge to Her not a minute past.-l tolde Her She
mnste not ho1de it originaU or an IIHention of 'V mson , for ye 8peache had beene
manie yearesin my Familie.-Answer wa
made, :She wolde be muche bound-
en to me if 1 wolde maintaine ye Rightes of lIlY Familie, and lett all others
from usinge of my propertie, when perceiT"inge Her to be of a livelie 'Vitt, 1
went about to ingage her in COlHerse, if onlie so 1 mighte looke into Her
Eyes, 'wh. were of a colonre suche as 1 have never seene before, more like to
a Pausie, or some such flower, than anJtlIÏn
' ebe I can compair with them,
-Shortlie we grew most friendlie, so that Rhe did aske me if 1 colde keepe a
Secrett,-I answering I coIde, She saide She was anhungered, having Shopp'd
;Ill.v e forenoone since Bl"t'akfast.-She pray'd me to gett lIeI' some Foolle.-
\\
hat, I ask'd.-She answer'd merrilie, a Beafesteake.-I tolùe Her yt that
Confection was not on ye Side-Boarde; but I presentlie brought Her such as
there was, & She beinge bebinde a SCl'eane, I stoude in ye waie, so yt none
lllighte see Her, & She did ('ate aIllI drynke a:, followeth, to witt-
iij cupps of Bouillon (web is a Tea, or Tisane, of Beafe, made verie hott &
thinne)
iv Alberte biscuit
ij éclairs
i creamc-cake
together with divers small cates and comfeit
whorl know not ye names.
So t 1 was grievously afcareù for Her Digestion, leste it be over-tax 'd.
Saide this to Her, however addinge it was my Conceite, yt by some Proee
se,
lyke Alchemie, wh by jOe La
er metals arc transUllltf'd into golde, so ye grosse
mortall foode was on Her lippes chang'd to ye fabled Nectar & Ambrosia of
ye Gods,-She toltle me 't was a sillie SpeacIte. yet ::icam'd not ill-pleas'd
withal!. -She hath a verie l'rettie Fashion, or 'fricke, of smilinge, when She
hath made an end ofspeakinge, alld layinge IIerfingerupon IIernether Lippe,
like as She wolae bid it ÌJe stine. -...\..ftf'l' some more Talke, wh tn She show'd
that Her "
itt was more deepe, and Her mimIc more seriou::ilie inclin'd, than
1 had Thoughte from our first Jestinge, She beinge call'ù to gu thencc>, 1 did
see Her mother, who:,;e faee I knewe, & was made
l'nsiùle, yt I had gi,-en my
Hel/rte to ye daughter of a House who with m.nIC owne had longe been at griev-
ons Feud, for ye folly of oure Auncestres.-Havinge come to who heaÙe mo-
mente in my Tale, I have no Paticnce to write more tu-nighte.
1861-88]
HEJ..YRY CUYLER BUN.....YER.
191
22 nd Aprile.
I wn::: mynded to write no more in yS journall, for verie Shame's sake, yt I
shoude so complayne, lyke a Childe, whose toie is taken :rn him, butt (may-
happ for it is nowe ye fuIle .:\Ioone, & a moste grea YOUS period for them yt are
LoYe-
trucke) I am fayne, lyke l' Drunkarde who ma
"e not abstayue fm his
cupp, to sett me anewe to recordinge of )Iy Dolorous nÚshapp.- "
hen I sawe
Her agayn, She beinge aware of my name, &; of ye diTision betwi
t oure House::;,
wolde have none of me, butt 1 wolde not be putt Off, & made bolùe to ques-
tion Her. why She sholde
howe me sllche exceecl
Coldness.-She answer'd 't
""as 'leI kllO;\"ne what "-rouge my Grandefather had done Her G.fathcr.-I
saide, She confounded me wjth )1y G.father-\\ e were nott ye same Pm.sone,
he beinge muche my Elùer. & bes
'ùes Dead.-She w d have it, 't was no mat-
ter tor jestinge.-I tolde Her I wohle be resolv'd. what grete "
ronge ylB was.
- ye more for to make Speache th D for mine owne advertisemt, for 1 knewe
wel v e whole Kuaverie, wh,
he rehl'ars'd, Howe my G.father had cheated
Her a.father of Lande::; upp ye River, with more, ho;e my G.father had im-
pounded
t Cattle of HeTIl.-1 made answer,'t was foolishnesse, in my mynde,
for y6 iii d Generation to so quarrell over a Parsel of rascallie Landes, t had
long ago heene sol(le for Taxe
, "i as to ye Cowes, 1 wolùe make them goode.
& th r Produce & Offspringe, if it tooke ye whole 'fash tD Markett.-She how-
ever toMe me yt ye Ffrenche family had ye where w Bl to buye what the) laek'd
in Butter, Beafe &. )Iilke, and likewise in Veale, who laste I tooke muche to
Hearte, who She
eeinge, became more gracious &, on my pleadinge, accorded
t I sholde have ye Privilege to speake with Her when we next met.-Butt
lleyther then, nor at an r other Tnne th after wolde She suffer me to visitt Her,
So'I was harùe putt to it to compdss waies of gettinge to see Her at such House::;
as She mighte be aU, for Routs or Feasts, or ye lyke.-
But though I sa we Her manie tymes, oure conYer
f' was ever of y'B Com-
plex D , &; ye accursed G.father satt downe, and rose upp with uS.-Yet colde 1
see by Her aspecte, yt I had in some sorte Her fayoure, & yt I mislyk'd Her
not so gretelie as She w d have me thinke.-So
tone daie, Ct was in Januarie,
& yerie colde,) I, heinge moste distrackt, saide to Her, I ha{} tho't 'twohle
pìeasure Her more, to he friends w. a man, who had a knave for a G,father,
yD with One who haù no G. father att aIle, lyke ,,-msoD (ye Puppe).-She made
ans" cr, I was exceedinge fre;;:she, or some such matter. She cloath'd her
thoughte in phra
e more hC'fittiuge a Gentlewornan.-Att thi::; I colde no
longer contayne myself. but tolde Her roundlie. I loy'tl Her. &, 't was my Love
made me soe unmanuerlie.-Anù W. ylS spcache I att ye lcaste made an End
of my "Cucprt3ntie, for She 1J<u.lc me speake W. Her no mOl.c.-I wolùe be de-
termin'd, whether I was Xaught to Her.-She madc An5wer She colde not
justlie say I was Xanght,
eeing i wh ever SIll' mig-hte hee. I was One too manic.
-1
5aide, 't was some Comforte, I had en'n a Place in He\" thollghte
, were
it onlie in Her di
faYour,-She saiLle, my Solace was indeetle gretl', if it l...cpt
pace with ye meaSure of Her Di
fa\'Olu, for, in plain Term
,
he hat('(l me.
& on her intreatinge of me to goe, I WC'lIt.- Yis happ'd att ye house of :\Irs
Varich.e, who I pt met Her, who plr1!8 Varieke) was for
taying me, yt I mi
ht
eate some Ic'd Cream, butt of a Truth I \Va::; chill'ù to my Ta
te allreatlie.-
192
HENRY CUYLER BUNNER.
[1861-88
Albeit I afterwards tooke to walkinge of ye Streets till near Midnight.-'Twas
as I saide before in Janllarie & exceedinge co Ide,
20 th )Iaic.
How wearie is yi! dullc procession of ye Yeare! For it irketh my Soule yt
each )Ionthe shonde come so aptlie after l' )lonth afore, & Nature looke so
Smug, as She had done some grete thinge.-Surelie if i'he make no Change,
she hath work'd no
Iiracle, for we knowe \reI, what we maye look for,- yo
Vine under my Window hath broughte forth Purple Blossoms, as itt hath
cache. Springe these xii Yeares.-I wolde have had them Redd, or Blue, or I
knowe not ". hat Coloure, for I am sieke of likinge of Purple a Dozen Springes
in Order.-And who moste galls me is ylB, I knowe how yiB sadd Rounde will
goe on, & .Maie give Place to June, & she to July, & onlie my Hearte blossom
not nor my Love growe no greener,
:!nù J HIli'.
I and my Foolishnesse, we laye Awake last night till ye Sunrise gun, who
was Shott att 4k 0 'ck, & wb. beinge heal'de in yt stillnesse fm, an Incredible
Distance, seem '<.ll.rke as 't were a Full Stopp, or Period putt to yiS ,rakinge-
Dreminge, what I did turne a newe Leafe in my Counsells, and after much
:1\feditation, have commenc't a newe Chapter, who I hope maye leade to a bet-
ter Conclusion, than them yt came afOl'e.-For I am nowe resolv'd, & havinge
Legunn wil carry to an Ende, yt if I maie not over-come my Passion, I maye
at yO least over-com ye .Jlelanchollie, & Spleelle, borne yoe, & beinge a Lover,
be none ye lesse a :Man. - To wh, Ende-I have come to yiB Resolution, to depart
fm. ye Towne, & to goe to ye Coulltrie-Hollse of my Frend, Will 'Vinthrop,
who has often intreated me, & has instantly urg'd, t I sholde make him a
Visitt.-And I take much Shame to myselfe, yt I have not given him y's Satis-
faction since he was married, who is nowe ii Yeares.-A goode Fellowe, & I
minde me a grete Burden to his Frends when he was ill Love, in who Plight
I mockt him, who am Howe, I much feare me, mockt myselfe.
3 rd J nne.
Pack'd my cloathes, beinge Sundaye. ye better yO Vaie, ye better ye Deede.
4 th J nne,
Goe downe to Babylon to-daye.
5 th June.
Att Babylon, att ye Cottage of Will Winthrop, who is no Cottage, but a
grete House, Red, w. Yerandahs, & builded in ye Fash n of Her :M:aiestie Q.
Anne.-Founc1 a mighty Housefull of People.- 'Vill, his 'Vife, a verie proper
fayre Ladie, who gave me moste gracious Heception, )l rsB Smithe, ye ii Gresh-
am girles (knowne as ye Titteringe Twins), Bob 'Yhite, Yirgina Kinge & her
)Ioth r , Clarence Winthrop, & ye whole .Alexander Family.-A grete Gather-
inge for so earlie in yO Summer.-In ye Afternoonc pluy'd Lawne-Tenniss,-
Had for Partner one of yO Twinns, ag Bt Clarence ,rinthrop & ye other Twinn,
who by beinge Confus'd, I loste iii games.- "Was voted a Duffer.-Clarence
'Vinthrop moste unmunnerlie merrie.-He call'ù lllf' ye Sad-Ey'ù Romeo, &
Iykewise cut down ye lIammocke wh ln I laye, allso tied up my Cloathes who
1861-b
]
HENRY CUYLER BUNNER.
193
we were att Bath.-He sayde, he Chaw'd them, a moste barbarous worde for
a moste barbarous U se.- 'Yh. we were Boyes, & he did y1B thinge, I was wont
to trounce him Sound]ie, but nowe had to contente
Iyselfe w. beatinge of
him iii games of Billyardes in ye Evg., & w. daringe of him to putt onye Gloves
w. me, for Fnnne, who be mighte not doe, for I coude kllocke him colde.
10 th June.
Beinge gon to my Roome somewhattearlie, for I found myselfeof a peevish
humour, Clarence came to me, and pmyd a few minutes' Speache.-Sayde 't
was Lo"e made him so Rude &; Boysterous, he was privilie betroth'd to bis
Cozen, Angelica Robertes, shc whose Father lives at Islipp, & colde not con-
tainc Himsclfe for Joye,-I sayinge, there was a Breache in ye Familie, he
made Answer,
t was true, her Father & His, beinge Cozens, did hate each
other mo::;te heartilie, butt for him he cared not for that, & for Angelica, She
gave not a Continentall.-But, sayde I, YonI' Consideration matters m
ghtie
Little, synce ye Governours will not heare to it.-He answered 't was for that
he came to me, I must be his allie, for reason of oure olde Friend BP . \Yith
that 1 had no Hearte to heare more, he made so Light of such a Division as
parted me & my Happine:-:se, but tolcle him I was his Frend, wolde serve him
when be had Neede of me, & presentlie seeing my Humour, he made excuse
to goe, & left me to write downe this, sicke in .Jlyndc, and thinkillge evcr of
ye,,
oman who wil not onte of my Thoughtes for any change of Place, neither
of employe.-For indeede I doe lo\-e Her mORte heartilie, so yt my \V ordes
can not saye it, nor wi1l y18 Hooke containe it.-So I \ViI even goe to Sleepe,
yt in my Dreames perchaunce my Pancie maye do my Hearte better Sen'ice.
12 th J unt'o
Sheishere.-"That SpyteisyiBofFate&yealter'dgods! That 1. who mighte
nott gett to see Hcr when to See was to Hope, muste nowe daylie havc Her in
my Sight, stucke lyke a fayre Apple under olde Tantalus his Nose,-Goinge
downe to ye Hotell to-day, for to gett me some Tobackoe, was made aware t
yepfrench familie had hyrcd one ofyeCottages round-abouts.-'T is a goo(lIie
Dwellinge \Vithout- \V ould I coude speake with as much Assurance of yeIlln-
syde !
l:Jth J lllle,
Goingc downe to ye Rotell againe To-day for more Tobackoe, sawe ye ac-
cursed name of \V m80n on ye Registre.-\Vent about to a neighboringe Farm &
satt me clowne behynd ye Barne, for a t an Honrc.-Frighted ye Horned Cat-
tle w. talkinge to
I y Selfe,
l.jth JUlie.
I wil make an Ende to y18 BU8ine
se.-Wil make no longcr Staye herC'.-
Sawc lIeI' to-day, driven Home fm. ye Beache, about 4! of ye After-noollc, by
,ymBon in his Dogge-Carte, wh, ye Cadde has broughten hcre.- 'ViI betake me
to ye Boundlesse 'V este-X ot t I care aught for ye Boulldlessc \Veste, butt yt
1 shal doe we! if haplie I leave my :Mclllourie am g ye Apaches & bringe Home
my Scalpe,
1G th .J Ullt'.
'1'0 Fyre Islande, in Winthrop's Yacht-ye Twinnes w. u:;, so Titteringe &
VOL. XI.-13
194
HE1fRY CUYLER Bú-l{l..YER.
[1861-88
Choppinge Laughter, yt 't was worse yn a Plocke uf Sandpipers.-Founc1 a
grete Concourse of people there, Her amonge them, in a Suite of blue, v t be-
came Her bravelie.-She swimmslvke to a Fi.she, butt everie
troke oi Her
white Arms (of a lovclie Ruundne
se) cleft, as't were my Rearte, rather yll
)...e \Yatm',-She bow'c1 tu me, on goinge into ye ,rater, w. nmche Dignitie, '&
agayn on Comingc out. but yiB T.rme w. lesse Dignitie, by rea::;on of ye \Yater
ill ITer Cloathes, &; Her Haire in Her Eves.-
. ] ,th .J nne.
\Yas for goinge awnie To-morrow, but Clarence cominge agai ne to my Cham-
l)er, &, mightilie purswadinge of me, 1 feare I am comitted to a verie sillie
V"ndertakinge.-For 1 am promis'd to Help him secretlie to wedd hi::; Cozen.
-He wolde take no DenialI, wo1<1e have it, hið Brother car\l K aughte, 't was
but y-Ø Fighte of theyre Fathers, he was bounde it sholde be done, & 't were
l)est 1 stoode his "
itnesse, who was wellyked of Lothe ye Braunches of
....e Falll-
ily.-So 't was agree'd, yt I
hal staye Home to-morrowe fill. ye Expedition
to Fyre Islande, feigning a Head-Ache, (wb. indeede 1 llleante to do, in any
Happ, for 1 cannot see Her againe,) &; shall meet him at ye little Churche un
ye SOllthe Uoade.-lle to dl'i\Te to Islipp to fetch Angelica,lykewise her \Vit-
11esse, who shoMe be some One ofye GirJes, she hadd not yet made her Choice.
-I made yiB Condition, it sholde not Le either of ye Twinnes.-X 0, nor Bothe,
for that mattcr.-Inquiringe as to ye Clergyman, he sayde ye D"minie was
allreadie Squar'd.
KEWE YORK. yE IkCKIXGHA:\1 IIoTELL. ]fIth June.
I am come to ye laste Entrie I shall e,!er putt downe in yS Booke, and needes
must yt I putt it downe quicklie, for all hath Happ'd in so short. a Space, i
my Bende whirles w. -thynkinge of it. ye after-noone of Yesterdaye, I set
about Counterfeittinge of a Head-Ache, & so wel did I com passe it, yt 1 verilie
think one of ye Twinnes was mynded to Stay Home & nurse me.-All hayinge
gone off, & Clarence on his waye to Islipp, 1 sett forth for ye Churche, where
.arri,-'ù I founde it emptie, w. ye Door opeu.-\rent in & \\Tith'd on ye hard
.Benches a t of an Houre, when, hearinge a Soulllle, I look'd up & f:aw I':taIHl-
inge in ye Door-waye, Katherine Ffrench.-She seem'd muehe astuni
hed,
.saying You Here! or J lyke.-I macle Answer &; sayde yt though my FallliJie
"-ere greate Sinners, yet had they nen
r Leen E""\:communic<üc by ye Churche.
-She sayde, they colde ])Ot Putt Out what ne,-er was ill.- 'Vhile 1 was he-
thYllkillge me who I mighte answer to i B , she weut on, sayinge 1 mnst excuse
Her, She wolde goe npp in ye Organ-Lofte.-I enquiring what for? She sayde
to practice on ye Organ, She turll'd ycrie Redd, of a warm Co]oure, as< She
-savdethis.-I ask'd Do YUU ctlmc hither often? She replyillgc Yl's. I elHluir'ù
h
w v e Orcran h-ked Ile
'.-Bhe savde RÜ;rht well. when I made ( J Ul'!'.tiull more
....
J . '---
,('uriously (for She grew more llccld cache moment) how W
lS ye Action? ye
Tone? how manie Stopps? \Vh at She growinge gretclic Confus'd. I led Her
into ye Churche, & show'd lIeI' i there was no Organ, ye Choirc beinge in-
deeùe a Band, of i Tuning-e-Forke, i Kitt, & i llurse-FidùIc,-At thi-:; She
fell to Smilinge & Blu
hi<nge aU one Tyme.-She perceiv'd onr Erranc1es
were ye Same, & c1'av'd Pardon for Her Fibb,-I tolde Her, If She came
Thither to be \Vitnes;:; at her Frend's \" eddillge, 'twas no grcate Fibb, 'twolde
1&61-
8]
HE.J.YRY CCYLER BU1ÇXER.
195
indeede be Practice for Her. -This havinge a rude Sound, I added I tbankt
ye Starrs J"t had bro't us Together. She sayùe if ye Starrs appoint'ù us to
meete no oftener yn this Couple
houde be 'Yedded, She wa
wel content.
Thi::; cominge on me lyke a last Buffett of Fate, that
he shollde í"1I despite-
fully intreate me, I was sndden]ie Seized with í'0 SOl"l'ie a Humour, & withal
:'0 angrie, yt I colde scarce ContainL' my
elfe, but went &; Sat downe near ye
Doore, lookinge out till Clarence sl)(1. come w. his Bride,-Looking oyer my
Sholder, I sa we yt She wente fm, Windowe to "Tilldowe within, Plnckinge
} e Blossoms fm. ye Vines, & scttinge them in her Ginlle.-She sepm'd most
tall and faire, & swete to look uponn, & itt Auger'Ll me ye l\Iore.-1Ieanwhiles.
he disf>our:ÙI plea::;untlie. :1:5king me manie Cfuestion
, to the who I gave but
:-:hort(' and churlish answers. She u:5k'd Did I uott Knowe
\.ngelica Roberts
wa:-; Hel" hest Frend? How longe ha(l I h.llowne of ye Betrothal? Did I thinke
'two/de knitt ye House together, &; "
as it not Sad to see U Pumilie thus Di-
yided?-I unswer'd Her, I wd. not roLL a }Ian of ye precious High te to Quar-
rell with his Relatiolls.-Alld then, with nlf'ditatinge on ye goode Lucke of
Clarence, & my owne harde Ca
e, I had f'uche a suddell Rage of IH.'cyishness
yt I knewe searcelie what I did.-Soe when she aðk'd me merrilie why I turn'd
;ny Backe on Her, I made Repl,v I had turn'd my Backe on mnche'Pollie.-
,nl, wa
no sooner OLltC of my ì\Iouthe than I was mightilie Sorrie for it. aud
tnrnillge ahoute, I pereeiv'd She was in Teares & weepinge bitterlie, 'Yhat
my IIearte wolde holde no l\Iorp, & [ rose upp & tooke Her in my arms &
}\:ï:,:,'d & Comforted Her, Shp making no Denyal. but 8eemillge greatlie to
Xeedc such
olace, who I was not Loathe to give Her.-'Vhilcs we wen' at
Thi
, onlic She had gott to
milinge, & to :,ayinge of Things which eyen yl8
paper shal not knowe, came in ye Dominie, :;;ayillge He judg'd 'Ye wt're the
Couple he came to 'Y ed.- "
ith him ye Sexton &)..<3
exton '8 'Vife.-My ::;wete
Kate, aIle as rose)' as Yenus's X ape, was for Dcnyinge of ,v 18 , butt I wolde not
lun"e it, & sayde Y ('s.-She remonstrating w. me, ]1ri"ilie, I tolde Hel" She
mu:-:t not make me Out a Liar, yt to Deceaye ye 1Ian of God were a grcayous
SiBIl, yt I had gott Her nowe, & wd, Ii0t lett hf'r Slipp from me, & did soe
Talke Her DowIle, &, w. such Rtreugthe of joie, yt all most before Rhe knewe
it, we
toode upp, & were 'red, w. a Ringe (tho' She Knewe it nott) who he-
]ong'd to )Iy G. father. (Him yt Cheated Her n ,)-
'Wh. was no sooner done, than in came Clarence & Angelica, & were ,r eddcd
in theyre Turu.-The Clergyman f[reatelje :5urprised, but more att ye Larg('-
ne
s of his Fee.
This: BusineRse being Ended, we fled hy ye Trayne of 4} 0 'cke, to yl8 Place,
where we wait till ye Bloode of all ye Ffrenehes haye T
'me to coole dowue,
for ye wi
e 1Iann who meetcth his )Iother in Lawe ye pt tyme, wil meete her
when she i:-: Miltle.-
And so I close yl8 J ourllall, wh" tho' for ye mo;:;te Parte 'tis hut a peC\-i
h
Scrawle, hath ODe Page of Golde, wh on I ha\-e writt )..<3 laste strange lIapp wlIb,.
I lIll \ e layd Williamson by ye IIeeles & found me ye sweetest ,rife yt e\ er
stopp'd a man's Mouthe w. kisses for writinge of Hcr l'ra.\":'t'ð.
196
1887.
HE.1YRY CUYLER BUN
VER,
LES l\IORTS VOXT VITE.
L ES mm'ts 'l'ont 'tite! _\.y, for R little space
'Ve miss and mourn them, fallen from their place;
To take our portion in their rest are fain;
But by-and-by, having wept, press on again,
Perchance to win their laurels in the race.
'Vhat man would find the old in the new love's face?
Seek on the fresher lips the old kisses' trace?
For withered roses newer hlooms disdain?
LUJ morts 'COllt vile!
But when disease brings thee in piteous case,
Thou shalt thy dead recall, and thy ill grace
To them for whom remembrance plead in vain.
Then, shuddering, think, while thy bed-fellow Pain
Clasps thee with arms that cling like Death's embrace:
Le
muds 'lout 'Cite!
FOR ..A
OLD POET.
"""'{"IT HEX he is old and past all singing,
V, Grant, ki]1(lly Time, that he may hear
The rhythm through joyous Nature ringing,
"Gncaught by any duller ear.
Grant that, in memory's deeps still cherished,
Once more may murmur low to him
The ,,"'inds that sung in years long perished,
Lit 1>y the suns of days grown dim
Grant that the hours when first he listened
To bird-songs manhood may not know,
In fields whose dew for lovers glistened,
May come back to him ere he go.
Grant only thii', 0 Time most kindly,
That he may hear the song you slIng
'Vhen love was new-and, hearkening blinùly,
Feign his o'er-wearied spirit young.
'Vith sound of rivers singing round him,
On waves that long since flowc(l away,
Oh, leave him, Time, where first Love found him,
Dreaming To-morrow in To-day!
[1861-88
1861-88]
POULT.NEY BIGELOW,
197
J'oultncp 13ígc 10\\1.
BORS in New York, X. Y., 1855.
EDL"CATIOX OF A YO('"XG PRIXCE.
[TILe German Emperor. lbt;9.]
I N the topmost story of Frederick the Great's "X ew Palace. ., near Pots-
dam, in what we may vulgarly term the attic, were the quarters occupied
by the preceptors of the then Prince ,rilliam, and his brother the sailor,
Prince Henry. To one accustomed to the luxury of American and English
huu
es, the bareness, not to say bleakness, of the upper story of this famous
palace was striking, particularly so in contrast to the innu meralJle gorgeous
flunkies who guarded the state saloons below. But it was ample in space and
a foretaste of the barrack life that should seem comfort to a Hohenzollern.
In wet weather the great attic made a capital play-ground, and many an Im-
perial pane of glass was smashed by the blundering aim of one of the young-
sters. In such romps the Princes entered heart and soul. giving and taking
like the manly little fellows that they were. The good Dr. Hinzpeter would
repeatedly whisper to me to take care and not hurt the Prince's left arm, a
warning I was apt to forget, particularly with one who was so clever with his
right.
As to the Emperor's imperfect arm, it is extraordinary that the life which
IJas largely left it should have apparently been utilized in the strengthening
of his right. Anyone who has shaken it feels as though Goetz von Berlichin-
gen had given him the grip, As a fencer, it was to ue expected that he should
develop the proficiency that characterized 11Ïm at Bonn, but it was little
thought that IJe would have the patience mIll energy requisite to becoming
an expert shot, a good swimmer, and a capital oar, In thesaùdle he manages
to hold his reins with his left, in order to hU\Te Ins swortl-arm free, and I ha'-e
many times seen him riùe across country taking obstacles which :-:omc of his
officers have refused. And the moral courage, the persistency, the sense of
duty, the pluck, which overcame the impediments to physical develupment,
were constantly at work in other parts of his education.
In the park of Salls Souci, near the Palace, were planted the maf'ts and
rigging of a ship, 'where Prince Henry received practical instruction in sail-
oring, and whieh became a fa,'orite romping-place. Xetting was I'tretched
over the lower space, aHa we were occasionally turned loose to scramble about
the rigging, some of us phtying at pirates making clw::ìe after a crew that had
taken refuge aloft. Or, what was better still. we sometimes took a crui
e about
the neighboring lakes on the miniature frigate, a craft that looks very porten-
tOllS at a distance, with its scowling ports and man-ù'-war yards, but in fl'ul-
ity, when on hoard, seems little larger thall a good-sized ship's cutter. The
cruise on the frigate was always considered the greateðt treat of all, and no
doubt to the pleasure derived then i:; due the fact that the Emperor to-day is
a devoted patron of yachting, and saih; his toy frigate on the HaYel whene'-cr
.opportunity uffel'
,
198
POULTNEY BIGELOW.
[1861-88
When the day's romp was oyer, we had tea hcfore going home, always out-
of-doors in fair weather. The late Emperor Frederick and hi
ùeYot
d wife
never failed to appear on these occasions, to say a few words to each of u:;:.
asking after our families. or about the sports of the day. The Empress in
particu lar, then Crown Princess, al ways examined our food to see that it was
whole
ome, amI saw that her little sons and daughter.:!, as well as their gue:-:ts,
had their napkins properly tucked beneath their chins. The food was, it is.
needless to say, of the plainest and most wholcsome,-bread or toast, fresh
milk from the Crown Prince's model farm at Bornstedt, and some simple
bread-cake, with big raisins in it, perhaps. 'VIlCn the Crown Princes
and
her husband maùe their appearance, no face lighteù up with more pleasure
than that of Prince 'Villiam, for the relation of parent and chilù could not be-
conceived in more happy form than in those days in the park of Sans Souci.
I remember once-it was at tea on the steam-yacht, some anniversary. I be-
lieve-Prince "
illialll whispered to me a fact in which he took enormous
pride, that the cake had been made by his mother.
Of course, at these romps, the idea of expecting etiquette to be ob
erYed
would llaye been ab
urd; Dr. Hinzpeter would haye none of it, the Royal
parents held it in horror, and no one despised servility more than their eldest
son.
Occasionally there came into these hilarious play-ground meetings some
oungster, no doubt the son of a highly-placed official, who had been care-
fully drilled at home to show proper dcference in the presence of the blood
Royal. Such a poor wretch li,-ed in måmentary dread of violating some im-
agi nary rule, and moved abou t morbidly cOll
ci01B of his courtly role, Prince
'Villiam, celebrated as he justly is for tact, could with di.ffi.culty conceal his
contempt for the little flunkies that now and then were forced upon him.
Not that he ridicul<:'d their shyness; on the contrary, it was he who invari-
ably set his new arrivals at their ease, discovered their leading tastes and
mg-
gested the sport that wouhl please the larger number. And when the sport
was once under way it would have been a keen observer indeed who could
have said that either Prince relied upon anything beyond his own head and
hands to make the clay successful. It was my fortune, as an Alllerican, to be
credited with un intimate acquaintance with the red savages of the Wild
"est, and this reputation I coulù in no way shake off, in spite of the fact that
at that time I had not even seen one. In consequence of this alleged knowl-
edge, I was frequcntly called upon to give details as to Indian warfare which
I should deeply regret to see reproduced. Prince 'Yilliam knew Cooper from
beginning to enll, and, for that matter, I was not far behind him, so that emr
Indian studies mmally resolved themselves into imperRouating some leather-
stocking heroes, arming ourselves as fantastical1y as pos:,ible, and then crawl-
ing flat on our stomachs through the underbll
h, for the purpose of capturing
sonH' other party impersonating either a hostile tribe or a party of pale-faces.
But I have
aid enough to illustrate his character as a plucky, hl\arty, un-
affected lad, affectionate towards his parents, and full of cOllsideration for the
youngsters of his own age with whom be was brou
ht into contact. In 187-!
Prince 'Villiam anL1 his brother weut. to a common ImLlic school, with uncom-
1861-88]
POULT..NEY BIGELOW.
199'
monlv hard benches, amidst a lot of the odds and ends of German ::;ociallife
invariably to be found in tbe national Gymnm:ium. Let no one imagine
this to be like attending Eton, where thc cxpensive life limits the pupils to
sons of comparatively rich people, and where an English prince can pass his
time in luxury and comparative idleness. The schools of Germany are as in-
exoraLle in their requirements as any other branch of its public servicp, and
when Prince 'Villiam took his scat amidst the German burghers' children at
the public school it was with the understanding that he
hould submit to the
same discipline as the rest, and receive his graduating diploma only upon the
conscientious fulfilment of the prescribed course.
Dr. Hinzpeter selected his school after having visited the head masters of
many others, and found most of them completely unnerved at the idea of hav-
ing a live prince amongst them. Cassel is about eight hours by mii from Ber-
lin, a distance that meant a great deal to the Princes and their parents. l'he
Court was incense(l at the idea of the heir to the throne consorting 'with or-
dinary boys; Dr, Hinzpeter was accused of introducing re\-olutionary i<leas
into the educational curriculum of the Hohenzollerns ; the old Emperor ',il-
liam did not disguise his displeasure, and even the parents gave little more
encouragement than their bare consent that the experiment should be tried.
It was a bold game that Dr, Hinzpeter was playing; no Royal prince had e\-er
been educated in a popular atmosphere, and nobody at Court wished him wen
in the uudertaking. His repntation was at stake, for while in the event of
failure every voice would cry out, " I told you so, " even successfully carried
out there would be little to show for his lahor. The tutor held that for once
in a lifetime, at least, a prince should feel what his subject:-; do; that he should
share the schoolboy interests of the every-day German alId absorb the ::-,et of
iùeas tl13t may enable him to strike the popular keynote when he sits upon the
throne, For three years Prince "
illiam sat on the Cassel benches, i.e., until
he sncces::ifullypassed his final examination and was declared ripe for nwtricu-
lation at the University.
These three years were years of torture to the tutor. He lived with them,
but could not activelv a:-:sist their studies, for that would have been unfair to
the other boys. rreac'hers would rush to him in de
peration to report thi::5 and
that of their Royal pupil-what should they do? They dared not reprimand
the Lord's anointed! Hinzpeter had to strengthen them, to encourage the
PriuC'e to more complete application. Those were days of tension when any
moment might dcstroy forever the result hoped for. The Princes went to
:-:chool and returned unattended. 'Vhat if something happened to them on
thc way?-a schoolboy quarre1. a blow, an inj1.uy?-eyen so I'mall a thing as
that would have called the boys back to Berlin. What if a teacher had lost his
head and a prince have raised rcbellion in the school-room? X one of these
thing" happelled, uut nothingsecmed more likely to those who did not ullller-
stand the precocious nature of Prince William's cllll!'acter and the devotion
with which he pursued that which he consiùered his duty. And what this
amounted to may be mea:-;ured Ly the fact that lJcfore entering upon his thrrc
years' school course he had to pass an examination far beyond that reqnire(l
for admi:3::5ioll to Oxford or Camuridge, and that parallel to his daily ta
hs on
200
AR..JIISTEAD CHURCHILL GORDON.
[1861-88
the Gymnasium benches were a series of special labors peculiar to the edu-
cation of one soon destined to playa conspicuous part at a military Court-
possibly to be its leader.
grtttí
teal1 <[IJurcIJíll <!ðor110tt.
BORN in Albemarle Co., Va., 1835.
EBO.
[Befo'de War. Echoes in .Negro Dialect, By A. C. Gordon and T. 1,".... Page. 1888.]
^ LL 0' dese here doin's
Don't suit me;
Ise an ole-time nigger-
Don't 'yOU see?
Dis here eddication's
Humuug, sho';
It's done played de devil
'Wid Eho.
Somewhar 'bout lars' summer,
Dicey she
Tuk 'n' struck a notion-
Don't you see?
Says she: "Ise been thinkin'."
An' I says:
"",Vhat YOll done thunk, honey
"
Says she: " Yes,
"I'se been thinkin' mons'ous
'Bout Eho;
He's fo'teen year ole now-
Don't you know? "
S'I: "Ole 'oman, you is
Hight, I 'spec' ;
Dar's fo'tpcn-he kim fus'-
Dat's kerrec' ! "
Says she: "He's a-grow in'
Up a fool;
An' Ise gwine ter sen' him
Tel' de school."
Bein's how it looked like
She was bent
On de projick, Ebo
Tuk 'n' went.
An' sence dat lars' summer-
Don't yon see ?-
Dat 'ar boy have p'int'ly
Outdone me !
Whe-ew ! de norrations,
Dem 0' his'n !
Umph ! I 'busses laughin'
Jes' ter lissen !
What you think dat Ebo
Come tell me
Dat all dis here y'arth hen'-
Flat, you see-
Dat it's roun', an' rolls jcs'
Like a ball !
"Ebo, dat's a lie," I
Says, "dat's all !
" Don't you see yer mammy,
Evvy night,
Set de water-piggin
Out 0' sight
" Ob yon chillun, up dar
On de shelf ?-
Now, Mars' Spellill'-booker,
'Splain yerself-
"Sunrise, dat 'ar water'!';
In dar still:
Ef de y'arth turned over,
It 'ud spill! "
But he keeps resistin'
It are so-
Eddicatiou's done gone
Sp'ilt Ebo.
He's forever tellin'
Some sich lie ;
He's gwi' fine out bettcr
By-um-by.
1
61-88]
MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT.
201
Ef Ebo keeps l'arnin'
At dat school,
Nex' thing, he'll be provin'
he a fool !
I are p'int'ly g"ine tel'
Take Ebo
Way rom dat ar school-'ouse,
Sartin sho' !
YIRGIXIA CREEPERS,
O LE )Iistis offen afo' she died-
You know how she used ter set
Out dar on de Gre't House porch, 0'
days;
I thinks I sees her yet-
Offen she said: " YOIl'S good enough-
But Anniky's pizen mean;
An' dem chillun 0' her'n an' yourn's de
scruff
0' de y'arth !" Now, y'all done seen
How what she tole me is done come
true:
I always knowed it. and said so, too.
"That is dat sas
you's up tel', now?
"That does yon want ter know?
Ef you sa,Ys one word 'gin ole l\Iistis, boy,
I'll smack you, sartin sho' !
"Ho,,- come she go call you scruff?"
Jes dis :
Y'all was de lazies' crew
Dat ùe Lord ever made, in doin' de work
Dat she wanted you ter do ;
" Ferginyer Creepers! " she used ter say,
\Vhcn she seen you a-pokin' along all
ùay.
1868.
An' now sence de freedom come, it's
wus'
Dan ever it was afo' ;
You stretches out ùar in de sun, an'
sleeps
A\n' sleeps foreher mo'.
Ef you's got a rag tel' .reI' back, somehow
You thinks dat dat's enough.
....\n', boy, dat's de reason 0' how come
why
Ole )listis called you scruff.
You lets me slave fur de grub you eat;
You sleeps while I gethers de uread an'
meat.
I'm gittin' w'ared out wid dis here thing
0' t'ilin' fur all 0' you;
Sometimes I wishes de ole slave ways
'Vas back fur a week or two.
"How come?" J es dis: ter make you
work!
De l1iggers never did lay
Out on a bench in de sunshine den,
An' Sun deyselves all day.
" Ferginyer Creepers" was bad, at fns';
"Ferginycr Sleepers" is p'illt'ly wus'!
;f}1aun l
O\11C
llíott.
BOHN in Bost.on, :Mass., 1855.
OUT OF THE SEA.
[The San Rosario Ranch, 1884,]
T HE last day of their visit bad come, and the morrow would see them on
their way back to San Rosario. Millicel1t and Barbara had prolonged
their sea dip beyond their usual wont. Nevcr uefore had the water seemed so
202
.JfA FD JIO WE ELLIOTT.
[1861-88
bracing and delicious. As there were twenty or thirty bather
to keep her
company, :Millicent lingered among the breakers, while Barbara regained the
shore. She swam leisurelyauout, displacing the clear water with her white
arms and pretty, small feet. She suddenly became aware that a swimmer was
gaining on her from behind, and her stroke instinetively quickened. Milli-
cent swam as only the women of Veuice can swÏ1u; and the race between her
and her unseen pursuer bade fair to be hotly contested. 'Vith head high lift-
ed from the waves which circled caressingly about the smooth round throat,
knotting the teudril curls at the napo of the neck, the girl kept ste:.lllily on
her course without turning her head to see who might bc so audaciou8 :to::; to
follow her. Strong as were her strokes, she slowly lost ground; and finally
the water about her rippled with the strokes of tho lllan who was gaining.
Soon he had caught up with her, and side by side they swam for a space.
Then the victor spoke in a voice well known to her, and the girl answercd
him with a laugh which rang out fresh and crisp as the sound of the wavelets.
Then she turned her head and looked full at him as he mO\'ed by her side,
strong and graceful as a young merman.
" So. my nymph, you are at home in Father .Y cptune's arms as well as in
the embrace of the great tree. 'Yhich is your native element, earth, air, or
water? "
"I am amphiuions."
.. And which of your thrce elemental homes do you Eke Ule hest ?..
""
hen I am dancing, the air; when I am walking, dear mother earth; and
when I swim, the sea. "
"'Vhen I paint you, it will he as I see you now, triumphing over the waves
as our great mother, Aphrodite, triumphed over them before you."
"That compliment would go to my head, were it not mixed with so much
watcr."
Then they both laughed, becamio the sky was i'apphire clear and the sea
beryl green; becauso the golden Slln warmed them with its kind rays; because
each was fair and good to look upon; bccau
c, when they were together, winds
blew more softly.. and sky and sea took on a mure tender hue where they
melted at the horizon into one ineffable kiss. A pair uf white-winged gulls
swept above them, shrieking their lovc-notes hoarsely, while the white-armed
girl and the strong-limbed man breasted the waves together, side by side.
Though lapped by the cool water, Graham felt the warm influence which
folùed about him like a cluak in )lilJicent's presence. 'Yhen she grew tired
the girl turned upon hcr sido and floated, while Graham swam about her in
little circles, first muving like a
hark on Olle sidc. with long, far-reaching
strokcs, then swimming llpon his hack, and finally beneath the waves, look-
ing always at her fueo seen dimly through the dark-green water.
After a space Milliccnt looked about to find hcrself :tJone, far from the
shore with itsgronp of bathers. .At first she fancied that her companion must
bl' swimming uelow tho ,yater as he had done before; but, as the 81uw-pa
sing
seconds went by, she realized that some ill must have befallen him. Stretch-
ing her arms above her head, she dived straight and swift through the clear
wator towards the pebbled bottom of the ocean shining through the pellucid
18lH-88]
JLl [7 D HO WE ELLIO 11',
203
waters. In th[lt dim under-current she touched him, stiff and cold, rising
toward the surface, uu t through no effort of his own helplrss limbs. In that
terrified heart-beat of time she sa w his face set and white, with horror-stricken
eyes widely strained apart. Into them she looked, her own firing with hope
and courage, and gi ,-ing a mute promise of rescue. Shc
eized his rigid arm
with her strong, small hands, and they rose together to the surface. The man
wa;:; as if paralyzed; and the girl for an instant tried to ;:;upport him, but, feel-
ing :-:uch a strain would soon out-wear her half-spent strength, she cried:
"Put your hand on my shoulder-so, and I will swim below you." Her
voice was hoarse and shrill as that of the screaming sea-gulls. He could not
speak, but looked toward the shUl'e as if he would have her
ave herself and
abandon him to his fate,
, , No, no ! " she cried, ,. I wal sa,-e you '" ; and placing his hands on her
shoulders, struck out bravely toward the shore. To reach it secmed at first
an easy thing, but the struggle proved a terrible one, cruelly uneqnal, between
the girl's small strength, with the burden now added to her own weight, and
the waves grown hungry for humall prey. Their babbling music now was
changed to )Iillicellt's ears, and they clamored greedily for her life, for that
other life which she was striviug tlJ snatch from their cruel embrace. _\.gain
and again the man would loosen his hold. She could not save him: why should
she die too, she \Va;:; so young, so fair! This he tried to tell her in ga::;ping ac-
cents, Imt she only gripped his hand more firmly and placed it as before.
They should both live or die, Fate, which had been
o cruel to her, had cast
their lots togctherfor that day at lea
t; and death seemed sweeter by his side
than life without him. Her brave spirit fainted not, though her labored
strokes grew slower and feebler. Then she gave one great cry for help to those
who were so near thelll, and yet so unconscious of their danger. She heard
their voices plainly,-thc mothers talking to romping children, who:::e ring-
ing laughter mocked her agony. 'Vas it their death-knell, this sOUlHl of sweet
child-voices that drowned her frenzied ery and filled the ears of the stroug
meu and women, keeping out the fainting accents which plead ell for his life
and hcr own? Once again, and this time with a thrilling vibration of despair,
the woman:s voice rang out aero::;s the waves. It was freighted with her la::;t
hope; it was the latest sound her gasping lungs could utter. Could lo,'e and
hope of life outshriek the murmur of the waves, the ðhrillllote of the sea-
mews, the noisy prattle of the infants? The man, long :-ince de::;pairing,
groaned: it seeIlled murder to him that his helpleðs weight should drag down
the fair, bravo young creaturc to her grave; his dc.üh agony was made more
hitter by thc thought. The girr
determination lleVl.'r wavered, and her little
í'trength wað not wa..;ted ill a longl'l' struggle;
hc mallagell to keep his face
aùuvc thc wave
, lmt now only held her own, and hall ceased to make the
slightest progres::;. She could v now no longer see the IHÜhers. Had her cry
becn heard? 0 wa\"Cs! be merciful and still your clamor! "
hite-winged.
partner:;::, cry no morc YOllrmocking love-notes! Sweet mothers, list no longer
to your children's langhter, for there is other sOllml which must reach your
fond ears and chill your warm hearts with horror! For a moment there grew
a great silencc as of listening, aUlI theu on:r the watcr came answering cries
04
EL WYK ALFRED BARRON.
[1861-88
of women agonized with sympathy, came the hearty voices of strong men say-
ing, "Keep up, keep 11 p! for help is coming, it is close besidc you." Ah j
God! it is in time, for the two white faces, lying so close in the green waters,
have but just ,anished from sight; they still shine through the waves, but a
little space beneath the surface. btrong helping arms raise the nerveless
bodies from the waves that murmur sullenly, bear them safely to the shore
with its shining white sands, and, last, gently loose the maiden's white hands,
clinging still, though all unconsciously, to thc man whose life she has saved,
'Veeping women gather about them, lying therc so still and fair upon the
white beach; frightened children look curiou:::;ly at the half-drowned figures
of the man and the woman. Still are they man and woman, and not yet fallen
to that terrible neuter of death, wherein age and sex are not, where serf and
queen are equals.
<rJ:IU1rn 2lfrctJ 1ðartOn.
BORN in
aEhville, Tenn., 185:).
CLOSIKG SCEXE OF .. TIlE YIKIKG."
[
rhe riking. 1888.]
_\cT IV. SCExE.-An intPrior, lerel
l'ith the ground. Arched 'U'indml' ((bore steps,
left, throngh 'ldtich FE
JA 'ì'iI'U'S a jJortion of the battle. Sel'eral u'omt n up stage.
Gt:RTH sits one side disconsolately leaning un his harp. EYVIXD l/t()l'eS abollt, 'llp-
brctiding himself for tlte in.fÏrmities of age.
E YS-\ [entering hUl'1'-iedly]. Oh, my darling lady. [EmbJ'llcing.]
FE
JA. Sweet sister ! You weep!
'Vhat evil fortune do these tears forerun?
EYSA. "
e are undone hy these most !':flvage Danes,
'Fore whom our vikings disappear as grass
13efore the browsing herd. They're all ill flight,
Anù as they run the foe smites them with death.
FE1\JA laside]. Horrihle! And my accusing terror
Lays the blame upon my wilful soul.
Eyvnm [at
cindo/J)]. Gods!
It is a fearful thing to see.
EYSA [to FE1\.JA]. Go look,
If vou would haye vour eves like mine, weep blood!
FE1\J -\. Though
aturew sicken at the sight, I'll look.
EYYI1\D [deðccnding]. Xay, ùo not so.
FE1\JA. Deny me not.. My will
Is stronger than my fears. Lend me your hand.
[Takl's EYVIXD'S hand Clnd 'fIlOltnts stf'p.<; to
t'i1HlOl(). El nXD ðtwuls beside l
er. FE
JA
luoks ft IJ/omeld in silence.]
EYSA. This òay fills up the woe of Xorway quhe.
'V auld I were underneath their rushing feet,
If so I might finll Thorù!
18Gl-ö8]
EL WYN ALFRED BARRON.
205
EYVIND [to FENJA]. You shake with fear.
I pray you be advised; there's danger there.
Descend into the room.
FEXH. [looking out], )Iy veins are chilled
'Vith the cold horror of the bloody scene.
Nor can my startled. eyes give shape to men,
Massed likc some writhing monster self-destroyed!
I know not which are fri('nds, so close impact
Are slayers and the slain. There is a break!
The moving bulk has stOppCIl. Those in retreat
Have turned to fight as though they do despttir
Of safe escape, and mean to sell their lives
At dearest price. They gain some hackward way!
But now they're forced again! I see the plume
1\Iy hrother wears. 'Tis he! he strives to check
The tide of fell disaster. Ne'er till now
Have I beheld him kingly; but he towers
Majestic where he fights. Oh, gods, what now!
One comcs against him that I know . Yes, 'ti
-
'Tis IIafthor's self encounters him full tide!
Such stroke of swonls! I am afraid to look,
But dare not else. So nohle both appear,
And yet so deadly fearful, friend and foe
Stand locked from action, woml('l'ing to see
Their mighty leaders so engaged! Oh, gods!
Is Hafthor fallen so? He's up again
And lays such rapid blows his shining s\vord
Is like a halo in the sun. Look now!
My hrother yiel!ls, his strength declines, his sword
Strikes heavily and slow; he stumbles, falls.
Oh, spare him, IIafthor! put him not to (leath!
lIe holl1s his sword aloft! The gods be thanked,
He lets my brother live! They hina him fast;
And over all there is a sudden hush,-
A deathlike stillness, as the fight were done.
But there's old Swend, who was my purchasetl lonl.
Steps forth and fits an arrow to his \")(I\\"".
[Turning.1 Eysa, mount with me; there is no terror now.
Peace has come. [Cries vut and filll.
.1 'Twas S,,-end!
[FEKJA f((778 into the arms of EYVI
D, 1('/10 takes in lti.
lwnd8 th/' ....haft (If an ({rr(lu'
snatched from lwr br
ast. FE
JA Ù, bume to couch, EYSA wLd the l{'um
n gathaiug
aro1t1ullter. ]
EYSA. In holy ruth
Inform me what has chanced! Darling Fenja!
If she he in swoon- 'Vh:tt! Look 'you! ShE' hl('('ds!
Oh! Came that arrow from her br('ast ? Sweet girl!
[F.;YSA 7.:1I('('ls down bi! FF.
JA.]
EYYI
D. Speak to me, Fenj:t, for I quake to see
The lily wOIHler of your skin so stained;
You are not but a little hurt? No worse?
FEX.T A. I thin k it touchell the core of lift.! _\h, me!
I dill not hope to die; but death wcre Il'ooll
206
EL wr...Y ALFRED nARRON.
[1861-88
Did it withhold till I might speak with him.
Awl feel his lips-his look-hi::; touch-
EYVIND. She faints.
Guard her full tcnderly. Stanch clo
e the wound.
I'll look beyond for medicines. [E.rit, l
ft.]
EYSA. Dear friend.
)[ost darling latIy, look not so composed.
The very eounterpart of what we fear.
There is no trcmor of hcr hf'art. I douht
If any wistful spark of lifc rcmain. [Bm".
. ?N'eping.]
[The 'U'omf'n SlllTOllllll, concealing couch. En/
r II \FTIIOR 'L('ith drawn su'ord, followed
ùy ERIC, guarding HAROLD hound, 'fHoRD, and sel'u(L1 others. HAFTROR !Jo
s to
throne chair, ll'hich he mounts,
miting the top ll'ilh his sll'ord.]
IL-\.FTIIOH. In Denmark's name, and for grcat Dcnmark's king,
I seize on
orway as thc prize of arms.
And, for I know him faithful, capahlc,
I namc, till such good time as Denmark slwaks,
Young Thord of Norway to ue Norway's jar!.
Kncel you, and you 'ivho late were Norway's king.
l They kneel. HAFTHOR toucltN3 su'ord to the h"ad of H.UWLD, awn to THORD'S.]
IlAFTIIOIL Thus pas:;es majesty from one to one
\s lightly as wc breathc a sigh. ...\.rise!
l'EXJ.\. IIafthor!
IL\.FTIIOR. 'Vho calls so faintly Oil my name
[The women 'lnore apart, nvealing cuuch ((1/(7 EYSA kneeling ùeside FEXJA.]
FEXJA. IIafthor
HAFTHOH. Go(ls!
\m I turnetI to ice within,
That I am struck so colli at Jll'art ?
FENJA. JIafthor
[EYSA risf.''i. and IIAFTHOR lwslf'1tS to lake place, k1/f'elil/g ù('sÙ1e FEXJA. EY
A goe.'! f('(fr-
fully to 'fnoRD, m/(l jiil/gs herself 'LlpOn hi..
bruui/. HAROLD come.s quirkl!! alld takes
place ùekind couch.]
HAF'fIIOH. :Most precious to my heart, how came this hurt?
'Vhat cruel fortune touched you thus ? Yon I'lllile!
Then may my soul drink hope from your wrcathed lips.
FENJA. I did but wait YOU!' coming that my life
l\Iight leap into our parting kiss. Your lips.
[II.AFTIIOR kissel:i her. EynXD reëlllel's.]
HAHOLD. J\Iy little sister, speak to me. [ERIc cuts his con7s.]
FEN.JA. That voice-
)Iore tender than it evcr spokc. Good-nig-ht,-
[GiL'il/g her lWlld fa IlAlwLD.]
For there is darkness rounll about me now.
Hafthor, IIarol.l, lead me forth.
[She dies. IIAFTIIOR and II.AIWLD kneel on either sid", each holding one of her hands.]
HAROLD [(
(tcr a pause]. She is aead.
IIL-\.FTHOR kisses her bruit' and ri.'w.s. HAROLD (,olllin/I":>1 !aleeling. EYVINfI. .'ilwll'il/g
grief and (/13 if sorely stricken, comp.'! forward and fak"8 t/w pl"lce
'(lCat
d b.1J llAFTIIOR ]
IIAI<"l'HOH [al/ille]. Shall I, who conquerea Norway for her sake,
ow livc without her? Yet I may not yiela
1861-88]
EL wr
v ALFRED BARRON.
207
To self-inflicted death without some shame.
[Suddenly.]
\y! there's a way. [To H_\ROLD.] You need not he a slave,
The sport and plaything of a foreign king.-
For we were friends in youth- Kay, truth to say,
For that I loyed your sister,-ah, how well!-
I would 110t hn.Ye it so. Take chance with sworù
To gain the Ii berty yon era "e.
HAROLD. How so ?
HAFTIIOR. "
e two will fight in equal combat here;
And if the goù of fortune smile on you.
"Cpon my troth you shall be free to go
'Yhither your humbled hopes may lead.
H.-\HOLD. It is a noble offer. Let my sword
Speak better than my tongue m
thanks. )Iy sword!
[THORD hands /tis sword tf) HAROLD. IIAFTIIOR and HAROLD take position. THORD and
ERIC stand near. Eys.\ slip.'5 around back of couch. kixst's FEXJA, and then 'lmtches to
see the combat. E\ nXD remains bOll'ed, paying no !tepd. GURTH takes place 'l1('m'
front Il'ith 11(11]) Ùl front of him. After a pass or two, IlAFTHoR lets fall his guard
just as HAROLD makes a thrust, receiving HAROLD'::; sword in his breast.]
TnouD [..startillg ]iN'iNtI'd]. That was an unresisted stroke.
H.\.FTllOR [smiling]. 'Veil struck.
Your arm has strength.
H.\.ROLD. I unclers1allfl you now.
You tricked me to your death. It was not ju
t.
[THORD half 8UPPOrts IIAFTIIOR, u'110 U'(lt'ers. bllt 'l'enwins .<:tanding. Gt'"RTH half Wlr01t-
sciou8ly touches hi.s IWI]), playing. EYVIXD. dumfounded. arise.,; mul gops back of
cOllch.]
II -\FTIIOR. You s('orned to give her to me when glad life
'Vas sportive in her dimpled cheeks; but now
\.mend the wrong, nnd I will happier die
Than ever in most joyous hour I li,'cll.
[Strllgglps all Ù18tant. ill/'ll clasjJ8 11i.'1 haml to hÙ, side and 'l.el'Ul.pr....]
)Iy tawny ship lies there among the fleet,
A golden dragon ut her head. She came.
)Iy father told me, from the unknown
f'a,
Full-sailcd to court the breeze, ntH I yet unmanned;
Her spacious deck uncumhered, alltl her hold
"Cnlined with tra('e of any former life.
lIe first beheld her in the summcr light
That marked the mid-day calm,-the !wa serene
As face of sleeping pool; yet on she mo'"ell,
A thing of ùeauty and of liff>. .A spal'c,
And from the prow thcre scemed to rise a flamp
That spread its arms and caught the sails and mast.
.And wrapped the vessel in a yellow cloak.
"
hereat my father sighc,I that craft so fair
Should burn, thinking it the funeral bcd
Of some departcil king. But, as he gazell,
The yellow flamc, a:' though an orb of light.
Holled from the !'.hip into a ball of fire
That flcd along the surface of the sea:
Then, cleft in twain, it ro
c into the sky,
208
BA YARD l'FCKER.J.1fAX.
[18(.i1-88
As 'twere two images, a man ana maid,
And vanished where the overhanging blue
Shuts in the fields of .Asgard. All amazed,
)Iy father turned from looking, and behold!
The ship lay moored before him. Such the tale,
I think I read the omen in my fate;
And if I lie with this fair hapless maid
"Gpon the mystic deck, my ship again
'Vill sail into the unknown waiting sea,
"There our two souls entwining will a:scend
Into the region of the gods. Do this;
Let our asundered Ii ves unite in death,
And all will ùe forgiven.
[ Dies. ]
1Bararl1
u,lterma1t.
BORN in New York,
. Y., 1855.
L
\F
\. YETTE.
[Life of On/eral Lafayette. 18RD.]
T HE career and character of Gener:11 Lafayette have been too often judged
by isolated periods of his life. American;:;, with thoughts of his sen-ices
to them in mind, have been inclined to exaggerate his abilities and pas;:; oyer
his shortcomings. .English Tory writers with difficulty have found terms
sufficiently scyere for the commander of the National Guard of 1789, In
France, opinions are even yet colored by party feeling,
The claim
of Lafayette to the respect alld admiration of posterity do not
rest upon his abilitie
as a soldier or a states mall, but rather upon his charac-
ter as a philanthrovist. Considering the prominence of the part which he
played during fifty-five years of extraordinary political commotions, he ne,er
ga'-e evidence of more than good abilitie;:;. He had been a brave ana faithful
officer; but his merits as a soldier la
'leðs in hi
military talellts than in the
affection and confidence which his character inspired among his troops. As
a statesman, his mistakes have been pointed out in these volumes. The un-
due confidence in human nature which made him gi,-e loose rein to the inex-
perienced a::;piration
of a people unaccustomcd to self-governlllcnt; the lack
of penetration, which, seeing the misgovernment of the few, could not fore:-:ee
the misgO\-ernment of the many; the imprudent enthusiasm, which, in pur-
sui t of an ahstract good, overlooked the circllm
tances \V hich made its imme-
diate attainment ulldesirable,-all these were seriou
failings in a lllan of such
power and influence.
. It is in the force, the nobility, and the unselfishness of his character, in the
elevation, })urity, and constancy of his moral nature, that we must look for
the (Jualities which enabled him to accomplish so much. It was not in the
1861-88]
BA YARD TUCKER.JIA.N.
209
carefully measured value of his services to America that lay his claim to her
gratitude; it was in the spirit of self-sacrifice, in the example set, in the gen-
erOllS adoption of a rightful, though probably unsuccessful, cause. 'Yhen the
States-General met in l'ìSa, it was the well-known unselfishness, patriotism,
and honesty of the youthful general that immediately made him the repo
i-
tory of such immense power. It was the constant determination, at any sac-
rifice, to remain faithful to principles eternally right, however temporarily
di:,credited, that made him the rallying-point of the friends of political lib-
erty through the despotism of the Empire and the grasping tyranny of the
R('
toration, and in 1830 gave him the opportunity to set his country again on
the path to freedom.
The remarkable consistency of Lafayette's political career was an c:;;sential
result of his character. He remained the man of 178a to the day of his death.
Offers of power from the J acobins could not attract him to their illegal rule.
A return to France from the exile in Belgium was a bribe offered in vain by
the Directory. The reaction toward despotism caused by the excesses of the
Rc\olution left Lafayette still cherishing a rational liberty at Lagrange, The
nobility and public men of France waited and bowed at Kapoleon ':;: court,
deserted him for Louis XYIII., returned to their former master in 1815. only
to turn again:,t him in the hour of achersity and to seek again the favors of
the Bourbon king lJY servility an:! self-abasement. Of all this Lafayette
made no part, He waited till 1830 and found ;1 reward and a justification.
The faults of Lafayette's character grcw (Jut of its virtues. The enthusiasm
was too impulsive. the confidence in othcrs too ulldi
crilllinating, the desire
to do good too little modified by prudence. Yet had he not been enthusiastic,
confident, and benevolent he would never have taken up the cause of liberty
in the
hadow of thc old French monarchy. Other weakncs::5es, prominent in
his youth, resulted from that age and pa
sed away with it, "fhe love of popu-
larity, which Jefferson haù characterizC'd as a "canine appetite," ccased to
influence him when the vicissitudes of the Revolution had taught him the
value of popular applause. The" delicious smile of the multitude, .. seductive
to the man of thirty, had lost its charm for the man of forty. The fancy for
outward marks of greatne:;:s-titlcs and decorations-had so completely dis-
appeared with experiencl' of life, that Xapo]eon's offcr of the highest dignities
of the Legion of Honor did not amount to a tcmptntioll.
The fault to be found with Lafayette's political views is that they were too
advanced for his country, Liberty bad appealed to his anleilt imagination as
th(' remedy for the terrible public evils which bad grown up undcr 11 despotic
system. His visit to ....\.merica had furnished so e-x:traordinary a, contrast to
thc miserable state of France, that he was naturally leù to believc that hi::!-
countrymen would he eqnally happy under similar political conditioll:'. Some
of these conditions ha\e :;:ince bcen attained hy the French and have borne
the hoped-for fruit. But the mi::;take made hy Lafayette, as by thc be:;:t of his
cOlllltrymen, was in the attempt to confer such henefits hefore they could he
understood or enjoyed by the people. Throughout his life, he proclaimed
order and respect for the law as the essential accompaniment of liberty. But
his countrymcn had ml..lCh to suffer befOl'c they could appreciatc this doctrine.
VOL. XI.-11
lO
BA YARD TCCKERJ.IA..Y.
[1t)61-88
Although tenaciom:: of his own views, alHllooking upon a republic as the ideal
form of government, he showed himself in 1791 and in 1830 n-"ady to forget
his own preferencps before the will of the ll1ujorit,v.
Few men have lived more fur others than Lafayette. "
hile politicalliherty
was the great object uf hi8 philanthropic dcvutiun, the causes of the negroes,
of persons persecuted for religious opinions, of the ,ictims of oppressive la ws,
were ceasc1essly in his mind. But a short time bdore his death he exerted
himself for the emancipation of thc blacks.
\. character so un
eltil'h, so }lll-
manitarian, could not remain indifferent to thc Chri
tian religion, thc pre-
cepts of which hi.:; life illustrated. In his Jouth he haa seen l'eligion either in
an aspect of puerile superstition, or as discredited by Lhe vices and unbelief
of it
COl1l'tly ministers. For many years he maintainNl an attitude of
ilent
indifference; but after the death of his wife his feelings underwcnt a change.
Kew examination and reflection enabled him to separate the es::,ential good
from its accidental accompaniments, and attendance at divine service bccame
a habit.
Lafayette had in an exceptional degree the social qualities and ùomestic
tastes which make the happiness of private life. His manner was extremely
gracious, the result of a natural kindliness which embraced all mankind, His
long career hall furnished a fund of anecdote which enriched his COll,-cn;u-
tion. He haù the French sprightliness of mind awllivcline,:5':; of repartee,
with a great deal of Anglo-
axon solidity. His charities were eeaseless and
often invoh'ed serious self-,:;acrince. In his comments on the conduct of other
men, he displayed a remarkable degre<rof moderation and justice. It woulLl
be in ,ain to look among his ,'oluminous cOlTespondence and IMpel'S for a.
single harsh judgment upon the conduct of any of hi
political opponents.
He took it for granted that they were acting cunscientiously, and while criti-
cisingtheir opinions never {Juestionell their motives. \rhile the nnsllspecting
frankness of his nature sometimes led him into mistakes, it had 11H1ch to do
with the strength of the friendship which he cxcitec1 :nul retained. 'Yashing-
tOll, .T effer:,on, and Fox loved him, "N tti)uleon amI Charles X. were person-
ally attracted to the man whom neither bribes nor threats could affect, who
ac
epted no favors, and was guilty of no disloyalty. The honc::;ty of his public
career had been in accord with the l1elicate sense of honor which belonged to
his nature. The grief which wa
felt by all ranks of society at Lafayette's
death was a personal one. His familiar figure and revered chm'actel' had be-
come an old and precious landmark on the road of progrL
which allmcll
regretted to ,:;ee no more.
ll:;(jl-öö]
GEORGE EDWARD WOODBERRY.
George c;tJwartJ c[lootJbetr
.
BORX in Beyerly. :\Iass., 1005.
FRu)[ "'fHE KORTH :-iHORE WATCH."
[The .i..Yortll Shore 11"(lIch, and Ofltf'1' Poems. 11:;90.]
YOL'"TH AKD LOVE.
" E RE yet we knew Lm'e\: name," he
aid tn me,
., He ga\e the IWW earth to our hoyish hands:
For us morn hlossoms, and the azure
ea
nuffi
s allll smooths his long and gleaming sands
r pon It hundred strands:
In p-reen and golll the radiant mist exhale,..
"'hen through the willow huds the blue 3Iarch blows,
.\nd sowing Persia. through the world the rose
HedJens our western yales:
Clasped with the light, !lathe,} with the glowing air,
Hest we in his embrace who made our paths so fair! "
EXILE.
Hem'y j<; exile whercsoe 'er it h('!
01' where his armored ship's strong bows divide
Hreen, empty hollow's of the Afric sea,
Or where illY broad-browed prairie'5, westeriug wide,
A race of men ahide;
And li fe in exile is a thing of fcars,
A song hereaved of music, a delight
That sorrow's tooth (loth feast OU, day and night.
.\ hope dis
oh'ed in tears,
A poem in the <lying spirit-aught
Lost to it
u::,c alld heauty, de
()late, illle, naught!
JIem'y is exile wheresoe'er it lIP
To mj..;s the spnse of love from out the <lays;
To wake, aIHl ,,'or1-., and tire, nor ever see
Loyc's
lowillg eye,.: suffused with tcwler rays-
Darling of human pmise!
To lose 1.o\'e's milli:-:try from out our life,
Kor gentle lahor know for denr ones wrought,
\nlCn once Lo\'c lorded thc thron
"ed ways of thought,
\lId quelled the har
h \\""orl<<.]
trifl'
To feel the 11l1I1g"('ring- spirit slowly stille(l,
'Yhile hours and months and years the harren seasons build.
E'"er to watch, like an unfrien<led gue"t,
The sun rise up and le
\d the days through heaven,
The silent days. on to the flaming' \\ e
t,
The unrecorded days, to (larknc
s given,
L"nloye<1, un\\ cpt, uushriyen:
211
21
GEORGE BDWARD IVUUDBERRY.
[1861-88
With our great mother, Earth, to live alone;
To clasp in silence Wisdom's moveless knees;
To fix dumb eyes, that know fate's whelming seas,
On her eternal throne;
Wllile better seems it, 'were the soul sunk deep
In life's death-mantled pool, sealed in oblivious sleep!
".\las," I cried, beneath the sun-bright sky,
., 1Yhat profits it to search what _\..tl1ens says-
To heap a little learning ere v.e die,
Blind pilgrims, walk the worlll's deserted ways,
And lo
e the living days;
To cheat sad memory's self with storied woes;
To summon l'P sweet visions out of books
Wherein old poets have enshrined love's looks;
To seck in pain repo
e;
Oh, cup of bitterness he too must taste,
Shut in his homeless ship upon the salt sea-waste! ,"
"?hat though o'er him the tropic sunset bloom,
"
ith hyacinthine hues and sanguine dyes,
And down the ceutral deep's profound est gloom,
Soft blossoms, fallen from the wreathèd skies,
The seas imparadise
1Vith light immingling, colors, dipped in )Iay,
Through multitudinous changes still endure-
Orange and unimaginel-r emeralds pure
Drift through the softened day;
" .Alas," he vdlÌsper
, .. and art thou not nigh?
Earth reaches now her height of heauty ere I die. .,
HOLBEI
'S n.\
l'E OP DEATH.
[A Histor!! of 1rnnrl-Engraeing. 1883.]
T HE Dance of Death was an old 8ubject. It had possessed for centuries
. a powerful and 80mctimes morbid attraction for the artistic imagina-
tion and for popular reflection. It was peculiarly the product of mediæval
Christian life, and slU"\iyes as a representatiye of the great mediæval ideas.
That age first surrounded death with terrors. fastened the attention of lUall
contiunally upon his doom, and affrighted his spirit with the dread of that
unknown hour of hi
dissolution which ShOllhl put him in danger of the
second death of immortal aZUllV. In Greece death had been the breakinz of
the chrysalis b
- the -winge(( lJU tterfl-" or, at least, only the extinction of the
torch; here it was the gaunt and p-rinuillg skeleton always jostling the fie::;h
of the living, howe,'er beautiful or jOYOll..; they might be. In the churches of
the thirteenth century there
wung a banner emblazoned upon one side with
the figures of a youth and maiden before a mirror of their loyeliness, and, up-
on the reverse, with Death hulding his ::;pade be:-:ide the worm-pierced corpse;
1861-88]
GEORGE EDWARD WOODBERRY.
213
it was the type of mediæval Christian teaching. The fear of death was the
recurring burùen of the pulpit: it maùe the heart of e'"ery bowed worshipper
tremble. and was taught with fearful distinctness IJY the pe::;tilence that again
and again suùdenly struck the population
of Europe, The chord of feeling
was oyerstrained; the clastic force of life as
erted itself, and, by a strange
transformation, men made a jest of their terror, and played with death as they
have never since done; they acted the ranlges of death in pantomime, maùe
the tragel]Y comic, put the figure uf De:lth into their carnivab, and changed
the object of their alarm into the theme of their sport. Tn the si)irit of that
demucracy which, in spite of the aristocratic structure of mediæval society,
was embeùded in the heart of the Christian system, where every soul was of
equal yalue before God, the people turned the universal moral lesson of death
into a
atire against the great; Death was not only the COlllmon execntioner,
he arrested the prelates and the nobles, stripped them of their robes and their
po::;sessions, and tried them whether they were of God or )IalllIllon. In these
many-varied forllls of terror, sport. aud irony Death filled the imagination
and reflection of the age; the
hronded figure or the naked skeleton was seen
on the stage of the theatre, amid the game::; of the people, on the wall
of the
churches and the monasteries, throughout the ,,'hole range of art and litera-
ture. Holbein had looked on many representations of thi::; idea: where, as in
DÜrer's work, Death attends knight and Leggar; or where, a:; in the Kurem-
berg Chronicle, the skeletons dance by the open grave; or \vhere, as in the
famous series at Båsle, Death humble:5 eyery rank of life in turn. Bnt Hul-
bein did not look on the:;:e scell()S as hi
predecessors had done: he was free
from their spirit. He took the mediænll idea and rCllloulded it, as Shake-
speare remoulded the tradition of Denmark and Italy, intu a work for all
times and generations. lIe repl"e
ented Death, but with an artistic power,
an imaginative fer'"or, a perception of the C'onstant clement in its intere:5t for
mankind, which lifted his work out of mediæralislll into 1.1lli,-ersal truth: and
in doing this he not only showed the high power of his art, but he unlocked
the
ecrets of his character.
This work is, in the fir;o.t edition [153 R ], a series of forty-one small cuts, in
each of which is depictell the triumph of Death m-er S0111e person who is typi-
cal of a whole cla:,:;, Each design represents with intense dramatic powcr
some
celle from daily life: Death lays his
mmmons Ùpon all in the midst
of their habitual occupations: the trader ha..: e:,capec1 shipwreck, and" on
the heach undues his corded bales "-Dpath pluck:, him hy the cloak; the
wcnry, pack-laden peddler, plodding on in his unfinished jonrney, turns
questioningly to the delaying hand upon his shoulder; the priest goes to the
burial of the poor-Death carries the candle in a lantern before him, and rings
the warning bell; the drunkard gulps his lic 1 uor, the judge take:;: his hribe,
the miscr counts his gold-Death interrn pb them with a sneer. "\Yhat poetic
feeling, what dramatic force, there is in the picture of the KUll! She kneds
with head averted from the altar of her devotion:; toward the youth who Eits
upon the bed playing the lute to her sleeping sonl. and at the moment Death
stands there to put out the light of the taper which shall leave her in dark-
ness forever. What sharp satire there i
ill the representation of the Preachel'
214
GEORGE EDWARD 1VOUDBERRr.
l18ßl-ð8
dilating, perhaps, in his accustomed, half-mechanical wa}", npon the terrors
of that ,ery Death already at his elbow! ",Yhat justness of sight, what grim-
ness of reality, there is in the repre
entation of the Ploughman; how directl,\'
does Holbein hring us face to faec with the human cun;c-ill the sweat of thy
brow thou shalt earn death! George Sand, looking out on the spring fields of
her remote province and seeing the French peasants ploughing up the 80ft
and smoking soil, remembered this type of pea
ant life as Holbein saw it, and
de
cribed this cut in words that yivify the concentrated meaning of the whole
series. co The cngraving;'"' she says, ""represents a farmer guiding the plough
in the middle of a field. A yast plain extends into the distance, where there are
ome puor huts; the sun is setting behind a hill. It is the close of a hard day's
work. The peasant is uhI, thickset, and in tatters
the team which he drives
before him is lean, worn out by fatigue and scanty food; the plonghshare is
buried in a rugged and I'tuhborn suil. In this scent' of sweat and habitual
toil there is only one being in good spirits and light of foot, a fantastie char-
acter, a skeleton with a whip
that runs in the furrow heside the startled
horses and beat
theIll-fis it were, a farmer's boy. It is Death." She takes
up the story agnin, after a while. "Is there much cuní5olation, " she ai'ks,
e'in this stoicism. and do devout souls find their account therein? The
ambitious, the knave, the tyran t. the sensualist, all the proud sinners who
abuse life, and whom Death drags away by the hair, are on their way to a
reckoning, no doubt; hut the blind, the beggar, the fool, the poor pea:-iant,
is there any amends for their long wretcllf'dness in the single reflection that
death is not an evil for them?
o! an inexorable melancholy, a ùismaying
fatality, weighs upon the artist's work. It is like a bitter curse launched on
the uni versal human lot. "
Oertainly the artist's work is a buld nnd naked statement of man's mortal-
itv, of the close of life contrasted with the worth of its career; hut the lllelan-
cl
oly of his work is not more inexorable, its fatality is not molC dismaying,
than the reality he saw. lIe did not chuuse fur his pencil what was unusual.
f'xtraordinary, or abnormal in life; he depicterl its accustomed course amI its
fixed conclusion in fear, folly, or dignity, He took almost ever} character
among men, almost eyery pt'ssion or vice of the race, almost eYer
' toil or pnr-
suit in which his contemporaries engaged, and confronted them with thc.irfat<.'.
The king is at his fca:st, Death pours the wine; the puor mother is cooking
her humble meal at the hearth, Death steals her child; tlU' bridal pair w
lk
on absorbed, while Death beats their wedding-march with glee,
rhrough()ut
the series there is the same dramatic' in::åght, the same unadorned reality,
the same humanity. Here and there the spirit of the Ueformer reveals itself:
the Pope in the exercise of his utmost worldly power crowns the emperor, but
behind is Death; a devil lurks in the shadow, and over the heads of the carrli-
nals are othr>r devils; the monk, abbot. and priorC'ss-how they resist mid are
p<lnic-stricken! There ean be nu duubt at what Holbein reckoned these men
and their trade. Holbein showed here, too, his sympathy with the humbler
classes in those days of peasant wars, of the German Bible, and of books in
the vulgar tongue-the day:::; when the people began to be a self-consciolls
body, with a knowledge of the oppurtunities uf life and the power to make
18Gl-88]
GEORR-E EDWARD WOODBERRY.
215
good their claim to share in them; as Holbein saw life, it was only the hum-
ùle to whom Death was not full of scorn and jesting. they alone stood digni-
fied in his presence, Beneath this symptlthy with the Reformers and the
people neeù we look farther, as Ruskin doe:;, to find
eepticism hidden in the
shadows of Holbein's heart? Holbein saw the Church as
\.Y<lrice, trading in
the sins of its children; as Crue1ty, rejoicing in the blood of its enemies; as
Ignorance, putting out the light of the mind. There was no faltering in his
resolute, indignant denial of that Church. Did he find any refuge elsewhere
in such hope and faith as remain to man in the suggestions of his own spirit?
He saw Ðeath's triumph, and he maQe men see it with his eyes; if he saw
1110re than that, he kept silence concerning it. He did not menace the guilty
with any peril saT"e the peril of Death '8 mock.ery; he spoke no word of con::;o-
lation for the good; for the inevitable sorrow of the child's loss there is no
cure, for the ploughl1l<lll's faithful lahor there is no reward except in final
repose by the shadow of the distant spirl" He did not open the heaT"ens to let
through one gleam of immortal life upon the human lot, unless it be in the
.J udgment. where only the s<lT"eLl hnse risen: neyertheless, the purport of that
scene, even if it be interpreted with the most Christian realism, cannot de-
stroy the spirit of all other
, "Inexorable melancholy, dismaying fatality"
-these, truly, are the burden of his work.
The series holds high rank, too, merely as a proùuct of artistic skill. It
shows throughout the de
igner's case, simplicity. and economy in methods
of work., his complete control of his resources, and his unerring correctness
in choosing the means proper to fulfil his ends; few lines are employed, as in
the Italian manner, and there is little cros..:-hatching; but, as in all great art,
every line hu!' its work to do, its meaning, which it expresses perfectly, with
no waste of labor and no ineffectual effort. III surene.:5.:5 of J'5troke and accuracy
of proportion the drawing is unsurpassed; you may magnify any of the de-
signs twelve times, and eyen the fingers will show no disproportion in whole
or in part. It i:-: true that there is no anatomical accuracy: no single skeleton
is correctlydrawll in detail. hut the shape uf neath, gue
sl'(l at as a thing un-
known, is so expres
ed that in the earlicst days of the work men said that in
it ,. Death seemed to live, and the living to be truly dead. " The correctne
s,
,igor, and economy of line in the drawing of the:<l' cuts made them a le
,on
to later arti
ts like Ruhens, merely as an cxamplc of powerful and truthful
effects perfectly oLtainéù at the le
st expen::5e of lauor. In this respect they
wcre in design a triumph of art, as much as they were in conception a triumph
of imagination.
\T GlIm
\LT.AR.
I.
E
GLXXD, I stand on thy imperial ground,
Xot all a stranger; as thy IH1g'le!;' hlow,
I feel within my blood old uattles tlow,-
The blood whose ancient founts in thee are found.
216
GEORGE EDWARD WOODBERRY.
Still surging dark against the Christian hound
"
ide hlam presses; well its peoples know
Thy heights that ,,-atch them 'wandering helow;
I think how Lucknow heard their gathering sound.
I turn, and meet the clouel, turbalied face.
England, 'tis sweet tD be so much thy son!
I feel the conqueror in my blood and race;
Last night Trafalgal' awed me, aml to-day
Gibraltar ,...akpned; hark. thy evening gun
:startles the desert over .\..frica!
II.
Thou art the rock of empire, set mÏfl-seas
Between the East and 'Vest, that God has built;
.Advance thy Homan horders ,,-here thou wilt,
1Vhile run thy armies true with his decrees;
Law, justice, liberty.-great gifts are these.
"-atch that they spread ""here English blood is :"pilt.
Lest, mixed and sullied with his country's guilt.
The soldier's life-:"tream flow. and Heaven db:please
Two swords there are: one naked, apt to smite,
Thy blade of ,,"ar; and, battle-storied, one
Rejoices in the sheath, and hides from light.
American I am; would wars were done!
Kow ,,-estwarL1: look, my 'ountry bids good-night,-
Peace to the world from ports without a gun!
OCR FIHST ('EXTl
HY.
I T cannot he that men ,,-ho are the seed
Of 'Vaf'hington should miss fame's true applause:
Franklin did plan us; l\Iar!'hall gave us laws;
Alid slow the broad scroll grew a people's creed,-
One land and free! then at our (langerous need,
Time's challenge coming. Lincoln g:l\ e it pause,
Upheld the double pillars of the cause,
And dying left them ,,'hole,-the crowning deed.
Such was the fathering race that nUHle all fast,
\\l1O founded u
. and spread from sea to sea
A thousand leagues the zone of liberty,
And built for man this refuge from his past,
rnkinged, unchurched, unsoldiered; shamed were we,
Failing the stature that such sires forecast!
[1861-88
1861-88]
BARRETT WENDELL.
217
OX THE IlGXDREDTH A
SIYERS.\.RY OF TIlE FREXCH REYOL1JTIOX.
S HE matched the world in arms against man's l'ight.
.And when the Fates would hound her, victor France,
"
ith her own conquests must they dull her lance
And legions worn with bdeless hattles smite.
o laughter at the shocks of time, her might
Hejoiced in more than arms! the great advance
Through Europe of her triple onlinance
'Ve owe to her.-O century. born to-night.
Fulfil her glory! Europe still hath !'laves.
Scourged by the Turk, mown by the bcythian car;
Siheria, more rich in heroes' graves
Than the most famous field of glorious war,
Yet waits; anù by the bloody Cretan wave::;
:Man suffers hope, and pleads his woe afar.
SOX(
OF ERO
. IX "
\.lTATIIOX."
\""{THEX love in the faint heart trembles,
V \ And the eyes with tears are "et,
Oh. tell me what resembles
Thèe, young Regret?
Yiolets with de"drops drooping,
Lilies o'erfull of gold.
Roses in June rains stooping.
That weep for the cold,
Are like thee, young Regret.
Bloom, violets, lilies, and roses!
But what, young De
ÎI'e.
Like thee, when love di;;closc!"
Thy heart of fire?
The wild swan unrcturning,
The eagle alone with the sun,
The long-"inged storm-gulls burning
Seaward when day is done,
Are like thee,
oung Desire.
'Barrett U:lentiell.
Boux ill Boston, :\Ia:>s., 18.')5.
A REYEL.ATIOX OF PHEF;XI
TEXCE.
[Tlte Durhfs.'/ Emilia. A Romance. l:-:
:q
I N the midst of Rome there stands an old church, not large and not so fine
as most of those that haye famous names. But the low round arc1H's. and
the dim mo
aics that peer down with big eyp..; from the tribune in the midst
of which Christ blesse::: the people, show that it helongs to the oldest of Chris-
tian days. Legend say::; that it was built to keep alive the memory of a Ronum
virgin who suffered martyrdom on the spot wherc it stanùs. Emilia, thc leg-
2
8
BARRETI' WEYDELL.
[1861-88
end runs, was the daughter of a great nobleman who hated the Christians
as bitter1y as did the emperor himself, Her father bade her marry an officer
of the court, famous for the cruelty with which he hunted down those of the
new faith; and preparations were making for a grand wedding. But a Chri::;-
tian slave who was in attendance on the maiden converted her to the trnth.
o when the wedding-day came she would be the bride of none but Christ.
In a rage her father struck her dowll; and folding her hands, and muttering
a la
t prayer for him, she died. In later til11e
, when the Chri8tian
had risen
above pl'rsecution and ruled the city. the holy martyr Emilia appeared in a
visioll to a priest; anù showing him the sput where the house had stood in
which she hatl met her death, she bade him build a church there. So the
church was built; and then, bv another miracle, they found somewhere in
the Catacombs the body of Sm;ta Emilia, which they Ì)laced with solemn re-
joicing upon the high altar uf the church. And thither for a thum;and years
men have come to worshi p.
In this church the Colonnas ,rere buried, at first simply enough,. in tombs
that no mall could en\ y I'ave for their quietness. But by and by a rich mem-
ber of the house, stirred by the magnificence with which some rival families
decked their burial-places, built beside the little church a grand chapel blaz-
ing with strange marbles that had been dug up among the ruins of pagan
Rome. In this chapel the Colonna::; lie now, and among them the Duchess
Emilia.
Ehewhere than in Rome, this old chnrch-::;wcpt with the incense of cen-
turies, and splendid, too, since the door that lea(ls to the priucely chapel has
heen upened in its gray \"Vall-would be a famous
put. But in Rome, uyer-
rich with treasures of art and uf tradition, it stands unnoticed. Indeed, when
I went to Rome, years after Ben
r1y was dead and forgotten, I hac1much work
to find it. The local guidcs and the grand porter of my hotel had never heard
its naml
. "It is possiLle that therc is such a place, " thcy would say; "but
who cares to go there?" An the same I sought it uut. and found there many
a quict thought of past time. Such thoughts have cume to me in the dead old
towns uf X ew England, whose wooden mansion:::; will haye rotted away for
centuries beforc a stone falls from the mosaics of
anta Emilia. The worM
has pa:::serl it by. Kone but the Colonnas rememLer it. if illdee(l there are
still Colonnas ill Rome, For I put no (juestions to the sHuffy Gustode who un-
locked for me the iron gate of their chapel; I unly passed within it, and
tou(l
among the marbles wh()
e ::;plcndor ::;eemed straufYely out of keeping with the
solemnity of death. "
e of Xew England think of the dead ill quiet church-
yards, where gray stonf> slahs, half uvergrown with moss, í'tand amid the long
gr;.lss. There rude rhymes sing their dirges in (luaintly simple tones that lose
them:-:elves in the low harmonies uf the wind which plays through the slow-
modng branches of elms and pines, In Rome the
pirit of the old pagans is
not dead. As they stro"\e to make bright the home::; of their departed with
dancing sprites and merry colors, so the Romans even in our own time deck
their gravcs with such splendors as they 10\ e in life.
In the Colonna chapel there is a monument made by
ome follower of Can-
ova, and on it is the name of the Duchess Emilia. I ::;tood Lcfore it, thinking
It:Gl-88]
BARRETT WENDELL.
219
of the time-not far off in years, yet so far in all things else-when Richard
Beverly hnd found his way there too. For there Beverly came, by mere chance;
and there at last wa:-; revealed to him what he believed with all his heart to
be the secret of hi:-; life.
It was not long after the time of which he wrote in the last lines I have
copied from his journal. Cut off by what seemed a cruel fate rather than any
fault of his from all the friends who were near him,-from the Clevelands,
from the old Cardinal Colonna, from the Count Luigi, from Filippa. whom
he still calls Filippa in his writing,-he ".andered about the city, seeking dis-
traction from himself. His journal contains mallY lloteð, such a:-; all travellers
make, of sights that have been written of a thousand times and will bl' writ-
ten of as long as Rome lasts. At length, he found himself one day before the
little church of Santa Emilia, and entered to see what might be within.
Cfhere he found just such an old c'ltstode as met me there )Tears afterwards,-
perhaps the same, for the man I
aw looked old enough to have beeu there
since the days of the bles:--ed Emilia herself. And this old creature told him,
in a cracked voice that he noted ill his journal, the simple story of the saint;
and showed him the shrine that holds her bones. So he stood before the
.-:hrine, studded with jewels which look very like bits of polished glas::, ana
thought of what her life had been who lies on earth, as she sits in Heaven, in
glory. Nothing could be simpler or slighter. A young girl, faithful to the
(}od whom she had learned to worship, would not swerve from what she
thought He bade her do. Pure He had made her; pure she would give her::;elf
back to him, So she died, and mig-ht have been forgotten, but that the Roman
Christians have never suffered simple purity to die. "
hat good ha:-; come
within their ken they have gathered up and treasured. They have decked it,
perhaps, in such feeble poetry as is made only in monkish minds; they have
shrined its l'elic:-: in cases that lUake sane men smile. But all the same they
have treasured it. The church that has bred all the subtleties of Roman
prieslcraft is the church that has kept alive the lUemory of the saints and
the martyrs who ga\e them8eh-c
with all their hearts to what tlwy deemed
was tbe truth.
Some such thoughts came to Beverly as he stood uefore the shrine of the
Roman girl who has outlived the great world that did her to death. But he
was not suffered to think of her long. The old custode, hungry for another
fee, dragged him off to the chapel,-more beautiful, the clUstode said, than
Paradi
è itself,-which was the glory of this old church, and unlockerl the
iron gate, which creaked 011 its hinges. and forced him to enter. What he
found there he shall tell in hi::; own words.
From Rr'l'erly'.<.: Journal.
\:s I >:tepped within the chapel there camE:' to me more strongly than ever
the feeling that I was moving through a world where I had heen before. And
this old feeling camc in a form which I had not }'et known. Before, it had
been a>: if I was come back from afar off to spots full of e\ il memories too
yague and di:-;tant for me to know what they were. Here at last it was a
if I
wa::; come face to face with the evil thing that ha$ cha:-:cd me through my life.
2
O
BARRETT WENDELL.
[lSGl-88
I half thought that some shadowy form would stalk before me and whi!'per
in my ear words that should bear their meaning to my heart. But nothing
came; and I smiled at my folly as I looked ahout me at tbe marble splendors
which the cracked-voiced verger pointed out.
"Tbere I was I did not know; I had not stopped.to ask. Whose tomhs I
looked at I hardly cared. I would have turned back and left the spot, trust-
ing that the evil thoughts which came to me there were only the delusions of
a troubled mind. In truth, it seems to me that I did turn back, bidding my
old guide show me no more. But of that I know little; for, as I turned, my
eyes fell upon a thing that in my earhtly life I had never ::;een uefore, Anù
then, for a long time, I saw and knew nothing of what was done about me.
But I saw and knew instead the things for which I had strained my millli so
long.
For there before me on a sculptured tomb was the name that had echoed
through my brain when Cleveland spoke it, the name that the old Cardinal
had bidden me ne"er speak to him,-Emilia Colonnå. I saw no other w:)rd
saye the date when she died, It was my birth-year. That I had known. But
as I looked upon the letters I read more, which had neyer been told me. It
was on the very day when I was horn in far-off
ew England that Emilia
Colonna came to her end in Rome. lIeI' life went out of the world as mine
came into it. A simple fact enough, men might say; but to me it had a mean-
ing that unlocked the riddle of my life, Not all at once did the truth éome
to me, but all at oncc I knew that it W'lS coming; and I stood leaning against
the sculptured marble, my eyes fixed upon the formal words, as the truth
that I had sought came shining through the murky clouds of mystery that
have writhed ahout mc so long. It shone through at last, as the snn shines
through a mountain mist,-first faint and dim, then more and more di
tinct,
at last in all the clearness of heaven. But the truth that came to me had little
of heaven in it.
For at first there swept oyer me memories of her sinful life whose bones lay
".ithin the marble tomb. I thought of her loveles'< marriage, of her unhal-
lowed love. I thought of how Duke Pietro, whose tomb was by hers, had fal-
len murdered before her tearless eyes; of how, while he lay dead, f.:he had sat
in her palace waiting for the lover who had di
honored the dead man's name.
I thought of how from that day on no touch of penitence had come to her
proud spirit; of how she had snnk deep in an the sins of the flesh, smiling,
with the lips I had known for mine in the painted face she left behind her,
on eT"ery loyer who pressed his suit. And then at last sbe had died in the
'midst of her sin; and they had brought her hither and laid her beside her
honest lord, to sleep in peace.
Here she had been, in her marble hed, since the day wben I first drew hrcath
in this world. That was strange,-that 1. whose simple life was not hegun
until her stormy life was ended, should be standing by her tomb, telling oyer
the tale of her sins as a monk might tell the beads of his rosary. :Kay, I was
telling them as if they had been part of my own life, the life that was not yet
in being when tbose sins were done. For with each thought of what her sins
had been there came to me a freðh pang. I shrunk from tbem, as I would
1861-881
BARRETT WENDELL.
221
have shrunk if I had done them in my own flesh. Yet from them I could not
shrink away, eyen as I could neyer shrink away from myself.
'Yhat all meant I could not tell; but I saw that the truth was at han(l. I
fell upon my knee.:;, crying out to Heaven in my own tongue that I might be
kept in the dark no longer. Yile as I was, let me see the light, and I woulù
struggle toward it with all the might that was in me.
Then my eyes were cleared once more. It was as if
ome hand had swept
away the "Veil of mystery which had hidden from me the place in which I
stood; for in my misery I had ceased to see. to hear, to feel. And when I knew
that my eyes could see once more, I found them fixed upon the words which
told me that here before me lay the ùead woman who died on the day when
I was born.
W"ith that came to me the memory of an old tale that my llur
e told me
when I wa:; a little child. It ,ras in the midst of a stormy night that I came
into the world. 'Yhen I was born I was still and lifeless, and they said that
there was no earthl
'life for me, that I was dead in the womb. But of a sud-
den, as the clocks were tolling the hour of midnight, I qniyered and utterec1
it great cry, louder and wilder t1)an the cries of other children. And I drew
breath with a struggle, as if I wouhl failllie still but could not; and cried again
with a voif'e of fear that nUM.le the women start. Then I lived; and living I
was come back here at last.
For from hence I was come. The mystery was clear to me now. The life
that has filled my waking hours with agony was come from hence. The spirit
that brought life to the baby form that might ha"c lain at peace among my
fathers wa:; no blesðed sprite from Hea"Ven. But in the stormy midnight the
sonl that had been Emilia'ð was whirled about the rolling earth; and coming
to my far-off fatherland it found a wretched homc in the madman's body that
is mine. Saved for a time, by what blessed power no man can tell, from the
fire:-; of Hell, it lingers on in this earth with one more chance to expiate its sin.
All the mystery that I haye found in Rume was cleared, All the agony that
I have :;uffercd was real and trne, a thousand-fold more than r had dreamed.
I knelt, and prayed with all my heart for light and for mercy. And a
I raised
my lidng hands to God, it seemed to me that the dcad hands which had been
minerai:.-ed themselves tuo within the tomb. Then prcsently I knew no more.
"
hen my life came hack to mc I wa
lying in the sacristy of the old church,
and they were bathing my temple.s wi th cool water. Before long I raised my-
self up, :o:tronger and calmer than I had been in the time gone by, And I gave
them money, and came my way hither to my chamber in the uld p
dace,
Here I wait to-night, full of agony deeper than I knew uf oM, for now the
sins for which I F!uffer are as clear to me as they arc to the IIearen by whose
justice the suffering has followed them. Hut I am full of hope, too. that the
mercy which ha
saveù me to this time wiH not for::mke me now; that it will
Il'ad
ne on through agonies of expiation as great as ::'üuls can bear, until at
last the sin is washed away. Then shall come rest, rcst ::mch as God alone can
grant.
22
JAlJIES BEER Y BE...YSEL.
g;aUte
13errl' 13en
cl.
Bmu, ill Xew York, X. Y., lS56. DIED there, lStiO.
IX _\.RADL\..
[.b
the King's Garden, and nOm' Poems. 1883.]
" C HOOSE thou between
" and to his enemy
The Arab chief a brawny hand displayed.
'Vherein, like moonlight on a sullen sea,
Gleamed the gray scimitar's enamelled blade.
" Choose thou between death at my hand and thine'
Close in my power, my yengeance I lllay wreak,
Yet hesitate to strike.
\. hate like mine
Is noble stilL Thou hast thy choosing,-"'peak
"
And .Ackhar stood. .About him all the b:1I111
That hai1ell his captor chieftain. with graye eyes
His answer waited. while t1l:1t heayy hand
Stretched like a bar hetween him awl the skies.
Straight in the face before him Ackbar ,.,ent
A slicer of scorn, and raised his noble head:
" Strike! " and the desert motlarch. as content,
Rehung the weapon at his ginlle red.
Then Ackhar nearer crept and lifted high
His arms toward the hc:wen so far all(
hlue
'Vherein the sunset rays hegan to die,
\nlÍle o'er the band u deeper silence gre\\.
" Strike! I am ready! Di,lst thou think to &ee
A son of Ghe,-a spill upon the dn
t
His nohle hlood? Didst hope to haye my kne('
DelHI at thy feet, and with one mighty thru&t
"The life thou hatcst flee hefore thee here?
Shame on thee! on thy race
\.rt thou the olle
'Vho hast so 100lg his yengeance counted dear?
}\Iy hate is greater; I did strike th.y &Oll,
"Thy one son. KOU1nifl, de:ul hefore my face;
And hy the swiftest courser of my stUll
Sent to thy door his corpse.
\.ye, one might trace
Their flight across the desert by his blnoa.
" Strike
for my hate is greater than thy own! ..
Dut with a frown the .Arab nlOyed away.
\Yalked to a (1istant palm ana stoOll alone,
.With eyes that looked where purple lllountains lay.
[1 t'l6 I-Sf'
18Gl-88]
GEOROE EDGAR JIONTUOJIERr.
223
This for an instant: then he turned again
Towards the place where
\ekhar waited still.
'Val king as one henumbell with bitter pain,
Or with a hateful 111i::;sion to fulti 1.
,. Dtrike, for I hate thee!"
\ckbar criell once more.
"Kay, but my hate I cannot find!" said now
His enemy. .. Thy freedom I restore.
Li,-e! life were worse than death to such as thou. "
So with his gift of life the Bedouin slept
That night untroubled; but when dawn broke through
The purple East. mIll o'er his eyeliùs crept
The long, thin fingers of the light, he drew
\ hea,y breath aIHl woke: .Above him shone
A lifted dagger-"" Yea. he gave thee ]ife,
But I give death!" came in fierce ulHlertone.
And Ackbar died. It \Va:; dead Koumill's ",ife.
CDcorgc cët1gar j1:1ontgoUtCrr.
BORX in Xew York, X. Y., H.';)ü.
\. STOLEX snrL.
[IIarppr'.<:
YPl.c JIOllthly
1I(([Jazine.]
D E
\D, dead! - the night:; glide
swiftly on,
The days fly past in swallow-herds.
And if the sun had never !':hone,
If there were neither Hight nor (lay,
Nor life that speaks in thrilling wOl"lls.
Kor :;;ong to carol grief away:
The world coull 1 not he darker no'v.
Darker to me, who sit alone
'Vith my despair. For she is (lead.
Like the last breath of summer flown.
She ,,'hom I taught to disa,'ow
The God whose mystery she had read.
'Twas I who robhed her of her "\\ ing
.
And while her spirit Eoarell anrl sang.
Dragged her from ]I(-,aven: 'twas I who
sprang
Thief-like upon her, thief-like stole
lIeI' simple faith in holy things,
The glory of her soul.
.And yet I loved her. loveel her! She
Gave more than woman's lo"e to me.
To me who held as light as dream
The faith hy which her soul could !':ee.
I knew her voice in willll a11l1 hreeze.
In brawls of woodland hrooks amI
streams,
And in the mu!':ic of the trees;
There were no lleeper, starrier skies
Than thl' dusk !':plendor of her eyes;
And when she !':poke it sel'mc(l I lwanl
The tremulolls rapture of a bird.
"\Yhy did she loye me ? Cruel fate
That \\ ou]el not turn her 100"e to hate,
That homHl us eyer heart to heart!
She was fai..
A
the wild t10\\ ('r:,:. and innocent
As youth hefore it:; charm is spent.
She was t he very gentle:<t part
Of all things that are s\yeet amI I":Il"e.
Oil! bhe was Kature's happy chillI.
Full of the grace of happy year:>:
FOI" her the world was undefiled,
224
ANNE fSHEL.DON COOJ[B8.
[1861-88
For her thcre were no bitter fears,
0 mad regret
, no burning tears:
She looked up at the stars and smiled,
\nd when she bowed in humble prayer
I felt the spot was hallowed wher
Her rose-lips whispered to the air.
I was her teachcr: day by day
I strove to tear the veil away
'Which, like the dust that hides a seed,
Hid all I worshipped as the truth
From the bright vision of her youth.
I taught her to deny the creed
That God is ,,-hat the preachcr saith-
Huler of life and King of death,
That lon', the perfect love of earth,
Shall find in death immortal birth;
\.nd she, who kne\v not any sin,
or any blind desire to win
"\Yhat a child's instinct cannot know,
he listened, with a mind distraught,
Because she loved me-till the glow
Of faith had faded from her sight
And she was w holly mine at last:
)Iy truth became her truth, my thought
Her thought, my knowledge the dim
light
"\Vhich showed the world's way from the
past.
I triumphed. . . She is dead. . . They say
I broke her heart and drove her mad,
As if some frost of winter had
Driven death into the heart of Ma
.
And still I loved her. . . It may be
That such poor wisdolll as men know,
l\Ien who are wisest in their age,
Stops short of truth. "\Vhich man is he
That tells thc mocker from thc sage,
The friend he harbors from the foe? . .
God lived for her, yet not for me.
And I the teacher!
\..t the end
God lived for neither: so she dielt.
And now! Why ùo I tremble, bend?
Shall a lllan's heart undo h is pride
\..11l1 tcach him that his tongue has
Hell ? . .
If I spoke falsely when I spoke
"What seemecl the truth!
\..h, then I
shouhl
Kneel like a pale pricst at his shrinc,
Kneel in a ghostly gloom alone,
And pray that she, who was divine.
She whom I robbed of utter good,
Shall be at last God's very own:
Lost to men's sight, as one unknown
To earth, to such a love as mine.
nnc
lJclnon ([oontb
.
BaRS in Albany,
. Y.
THE IIARRISES.
[A.s Common J[o1'[a78. A .Noz'e7. 188G.]
, If RS. BARRON was a much-regarded member of a family which had,
l.\l numerically speaking, nothing to complain of, whatever might be the
opinion of the outside world on that point. Her three sisters and two brothers
had set up their household gods in Goverick locations of more or less eligi-
hility; the Harris family alwaJ"s had lived in Goverick and were Goycrick
born, bred, and buried in turn. They were also Govcrick married, it not being
considered the thing in the Harris family to marry a dangcrously unfamiliar
person from another city who might possess lax views on the subjects of reli-
p-ion and housekeeping. rrlwre is a tradition to the effect that all otherwise
unobjectionable young mall had once asked for the fair hand of the second
Ii:::3 Harris (subsetillently
lrs. Elkins), anù bad Leen sternly denied that
1861-t)S]
AN
YE SHELDON COOJIBb.
2:25
blessing by her father, simply on the ground that the unfortunate suitor had
oncc tran'lled extensively in )[exico.
Excellent people, cullectiYel}' and individually, were the Harri:,es,
o emi-
nently respectahle that no one thought of applying the word to them,
eehing
few intere
t:-; outside of family relation
, and living and dying in the faith
that to be a born Harris was a carecr in itself,
X 0 pride of birth or wealth gave risc to this cherÜ:hed conviction; the Har-
rises were not conspicuuusly enduwed in these particulars, and they would
have scorned to attain the isolated distinction of special achievement. It was
a mere consciou:;ness of general worth, a calm certainty that the Harris bluod
flowed iu unexceptionable veill
, and temperately found show and shabbiness
alike distasteful. Keenlv alive to their own in[ere
ts, they showed honorable
deference to those of others, aud this form of "worlc1Ìiness without side-
dishes" IUlIl its touch of poetry which poor humanity is nowhere puur enough
to bc entirely without. The cloak of simple egotism which kept them warm
in a cold and (probably) unappreciative world had its soft lining of gcnuiné
family affection and helpful kinship, and, perhaps, the blindne
s to all unrp-
lated forms of virtue arose from preoccupation with the real excellence to be
fuund at home.
"Then the four husbands of the whilom )Iisses Harris and the two Harris
brothers went se,-erally through the failure to which every American man uf
businf'8s is doomed once in the cour;:,e uf his mercautile life, the others were
ready with prompt aid, advice, and not more regretful head-shaking and re-
minding of neglected counsel than the occasion dcmanded. This amiable
cummunity of goods extended to views on all subjects, the four sisters only
reserrillg for themseh e::" un shared by the two hrother:;, an unbia
sed opinion
eoncerning the merits of )Irs. John aud )lrs. Edward Harris, who, though
distinguished frum the ordinary mass of humanity by marrying into the Har-
ris family, yet left f'omething to be deðired (by their sisters-in-law) in .. ways "
acquired in years wasted outside the pale of that desirable connection.
)Ir
. Barron and )Irs. ß1erccr agreed that, considering J olm 's salary, Ger-
trlHle:s dresses fitted far too well, and )Irs, Elkins, whu:5e lot chronic lJiliuus-
ll('ð:5, complicated with the unsatisfactury state of the commission husine
s,
had much embittered, often remarked that it would bc well if Gertruùe IIar-
I"is would rememLcr that as :Mis::5 Lawrence she never had a thing lllade Ollt
of the house.
)1r::5. "'hite, the mo!'t spiritually minded among the slsters. felt that the
lukewarlll tcmperature of )Ir
. Edward's zeal for the Presbyterian faith
(which she had adopted perforce with the namc of Harris) was greatly to be
deplored, and with the others decided that if Edward could Lc to blame in
any matter. his culpable tendency to indulge his wife with fre(luent atteIJd-
ance at the services of the Epi:-:copal Church wou]d he that matter.
The husbands of the:;c ladies, whu regarded the cundescension in discard-
ing the name of Harris for their respective patrunymics as equ.iyalent to a fu-
ture of cunce
siol)s from themselves, full v sharecl the yiews of their win's on
these points. )lr. Elkins felt that )Irs. Juhn's mauy bonnets were not quite
compatible with full development uf the ùumestic affeetiuus, and )11'. ,rhite,
YUL. XI.-15
226
AXNE SHELDO
Y COOJIBS.
[1861-88
a warm-hearted man, with-the usual accompaniment of such a tempera-
ment-mnch warmth of language, characterized )Irs. Edward's leaning to
candleBticks as "pnppy-eock, " to which his wife assented with e\-en more
than her usual read) meekness, remarking thatl\laria wasalwa'ysfondof
how.
Milly had earlr heen given to understand the fact that to be lackiI}O' in
proper
appreciati
n uf t)
uncles and aunts was to demonstrate, to a lllaJ\ed
degree, her undue share ill the total depravity with which the human raee 15
so fatally dowered. But indeed this parental instruction had ueen hardly
necessary. The ehild had brought into the world with her a heart so rich in
affection that there was enough and to spare for an immediate and collateral
relatives, and she found herself much restricted in the expression thereof,
even with so wide a field for its display.
}Ir:-:. Barron possessed, to a marked degree, the maternal instinct, and
loved her children with a fierce motherliness which made her fairly jealous of
other childish charms; hut after the days of toddling, lisping babyhood were
passed she rarely petted them, feeling herself bhrink shyly from their percep-
tion of her intense affection, \vhich, as infants, they had accepted with the
uncomprehending satisfaction of alll'mall, tame animals uuder caresses.
The pretty boys had never livcd to outgrow the little jacket::; that had beel!
fashioned by the motherly hands for their first .. term " at school. The same
hands had taken them off one night and hung them up, only to take thelIl
down, ala:,;! to fold away with other useless little garments, with worthles
,
priceless childish treasures, anù
man books and SlaWð, laiù aside now for the
long recess. .-
That grief was many years oM non-, and )Iilly had eome, a willing com-
forter, whose l'ower
of consolation ".ere much mitigated by her red curls,
indifference to dolls, and general lack of Harris characteristics.
In her earliest days )lilly accepted the infallibility of the uncles and aunts
-with loving fervor, and to have dared discriminate in her loyal affection, to
have preferred one to thc' other, would have seemed as sacrilqÓous as distin-
guishing one of the four Gospels for especial regard, She pmyt'c1 for thC'1ll
all after l)apa an<.lmamma, and hoped she might grow goud euuugh to pleuse
them, The child wa
no innate rebel; her
was not a soul to which opposition
is dear. The pathetic faith of childhood, th<lt "whatever is, is right," was
-strong within her, aud thi8 innocent optimism helped oyer many of the rough
])laces encountered hefore her years were llUllluered Ly two figures.
But the artistic temperament, eternally YOUIlf! in one respect, matures rap-
jdl\" in others. :Milly's (luick sense of the heautiful sonn taught her to single
out for ðpe
ial adoration her
\..unt I
ena, )lrs. )lercer, who W:1S quite remark-
ablv pretty. Milly thought if she could ever look like Aunt Lena, life.s trials
wo
1.ld become joyfully endurable. The black-browed, black-la:;:hed Llue eycð,
the pretty arch with which the fair hair grew on the white forehead, the well-
defined roses in the creamy cheeks-all these beauties appealed anew to)Iilly's
ardent little soul on the day following the epi::;ode of th
defrauded dog, as
she watched Aunt Lena Útting at the piano and singing-:llitt1e bit out of
tune-a sung which seemed to the ehiJd mysteriously beautiful. The unhappy
frequenter of amateur concerts call hardly appreciate the rapture stirred hy
1861-88]
A.l..
YE SHELDON COO JIBS.
227
the threadbare hallad c, \Yaiting," It seemed all one to Milly with the sud-
den rush of passion11te admiration that filled her heart, and music and beauty
comhined proved a:-: fascinating- to her as to older mortals.
\rith a final chaðe over the key-board, and a vociferous adjuration to the
stars and nigbtingales to guide and speed the flying feet of the expected lover,
the music ceasetl.
.. Aunt Lena, I do love you so! .. cried )Iil1y, throwing her slender arIllS
around that lady's neck.
., That is VelT sweet of "ou, l\Iilh'," sr..id .....\.unt Lena, with a careless kiss,
nnJ a careful h
llld arranging the 'lace at the throat which the child's im-
petuous caress had rumpled. c, But you should not seize une in that rude
nlanner. "
)Iilly was wounded, but not in the least offended. It was not easy to chil1
that warm young heart into permanent alienation. The old fatal persuasion
that bodily beauty is the inevitable expression of ðpiritual lovelinesð impelled
her to utter, with a timid trust in comprehension, a psychic experience that
she had hitherto kept ::;hyly hidden in one of the innermost folds of her eon-
EClOu
nes/:'.
.. A-\.unt Lena, " she said, in a gentle, hesitating voice, "llid you ever-when
you were sitting all alone, yuu know-have it COllIe oyer you, 'This is I!' and
ùe afraid? "
\..unt Lena's blue eyes widened. "For goodnes
' sake! "
hat on earth du
YOU mean, child?"
, .. I can't
av it in words, aunty, not as it really i!', but I know wl)at I mean.
and you 1nusi too! '. Milly's voic'e took on a plea
ling tone. " You must when
-ou look in the gla:-:s, deep down into your own eyes, and look and look until
l)y and by it isn't your own self that is looking at its own self, but somethin
that is you, anù isn't you, and is watching both of them. "
I am not aware if at tlwt time" Kenelm Chillingly" had found a place in
Gorerick circulating libraries, but it would haye attracted )Irs. )Iercer at no
time, and in hcr sublime indifference to psychological studies she had thus
no
oothing parallel in fiction, such as that of the eight-years-old Kenelm
a
tounding his estimable mother with the (Iuery: ,C :\Iamma, are you not
sometimes overcome hy a sense of your own identity?"
" I don't understand yon, )Iilly," she
aid, v.-ith an alarmed sense uf de-
fecti\-e hearing. c,
ay it again, and don't chattcr ðO fast."
)Iilly repeated obediently, word for word, a dawuing fear in the brown
glory of her eyf's. She did not want to have that feeling all alone. :x 0 olle
e,-er Ullller.stoo<l what she meant ahout anything. Anyone" so pretty" a-.;
A\.uni Lena ought to know all ahout it. )[rs. )Iercer
eized the hotlittle bauds.
.. Haye you got a feyer?" she a
ked abruptly.
But the hands were moist as well as hot, and iIHlt'cd were lle\ er eold. ...0
)Ir
. )[erccr, deprive<<l of this phy
ical ha:-:is for )IilJY'8 aberratioll:', found It
com'enient to dismis::; this problematic infant and carry the talc of her wan-
dcrings to )IrR. Elkins, who was regarded as an authority ou all matters of
domestic economy. including the governmcnt of ehildren.
But notwithstanding the fact of her peculiar insight with regard to tl1l'
2
8
ANNE SHELDON COOJfBS.
[lti61-88
workings of the infant mind, that lady frankly declared that :Milly was'" be-
yond" her. This not at all in the admiring sense that the words might con-
vey to the uninitiated, but with a conviction thtlt a child so ill-regulated as
to br beyond her aunt's comprehension had little to hope for the future; for
the ,. lJe.vond ., was necessarily in the direction of evil, else the Harris di, ina-
tion would never be outstripped.
"r:rhat child is more trouble to her mother than all my five are to me," :she
said, plaintively. "I don 't
ee where she gets it from. Mary was always a
sensible little thing, and )Iark's people are reasonable folks
though they
might be more genteel. It is not ordinary naughtiness with )Iilly; it would
be easier to manage if it was. She isn't greedy or quarrelsome in the natural
way, but she'll scream if you lay a finger on that kitten of hers, aUll she just
can't get along with anyone. Yesterday she rushed screaming through the
streets because she'd had some fu
s with my Helf'll about a dog, and last week
she cried hersclf sick because
he said Helen had murdered some roses. .Mrs.
Banks gave them each a bunch, just common garden roses, and Helen got
tired of carrying hers-they were spoiling her glove-so she threw them on
the side-walk and then happened to step on them.
Iilly declared :;he did it
on purpose, said she trampled them to death, and talked about the flowers'
blood, and nonsense enough to drive you wild, and finally rlU5hed home with-
out her supper, though )Iary had Sent ber here to stay. Rhe's a ycry trying
child; there's no denying it."
,. Look at the way she is with dolls," said )Irs. )fercer, whose English had
suffercd from a too cxclusive devotion to the fine arts as represented by "spat-
ter-work" and the ballads of Claribel and )Iillard. Eu t then the demand for
elegant English in Goverick by no means exceeded the supply.
"I never saw her with a doll, "
"That's just it; look at that doll they gave her Christmas. Mar}" paid three
dollars and seventy-fixc cents for that doll, undressed, and the thing:;; she
made for it are too lovely for anything. "
ell, that child never notices it,
but goes into the laundry to wash pebbles in a pail, and when they come out
glistening with the water calls them jcwels, and says she i::; a lapidary!
\nc1
I foulHl her one day l:iailing chips in the gutter and guiding them with a har-
rel-houp, and when I asked her what pleasure she found in such a boy's play
as that, she said it wasn't a boy's play, but that each ch ip was a human ðoul,
and that if she could keep it from going down the sewer at the corner it would
be sayed, but if not, it wa:-; etcrnally lost. Her mother says she kept one chip
for weeks, and took it out to l:iail after e'"ery heayy rain. She absolutely cried
when it went down the sewer at last. Shc thought more of that one chip than
all her doUs put together. It's just no nse to give them to her."
",rell, there isn't a bit of Harris in her," said )Irs, Elkins sadly. .. And
I don't see as there's much Barron either."
1861-88]
HARRY THCRSTOn- PECK,
229
l
attl'
IJur
tOtt pcclt.
BOltx in Stamford, Conn., IN6.
HELIOTROPE.
[Acta Columbiana. 1
"O.]
A )[ID the chapel's chequered gloom
..Li. She laughed with Dora. and with
Flora,
_\nd chattered in the leeture-room,-
Thp saucy little sophomora!
Yet while (as in her other schools)
She was a privileged transgressor,
She never broke the simple rules
Of one particular professor.
But whcn he spoke of varied lore,
Pm'oxytones an<1modcs potential,
She listened with a. facc that wore
_\ look half fond, half re,"ercntial.
To her that earn cst voice was sweet,
And though her love had no con-
fessor,
Her girlish heart lay at the feet
Of that particular professor.
And he had learnerl, among his books
That held the lore of ages oldcn,
To watch those ever changing looks,
The ,,"istful eyes, the tresscs golden,
That stirrcd his pulse with passion's
pain
\.nd thrilled his soul with soft de-
sirc,
_\nd bade fond youth return again
Crowned with his coronet of fire.
Her sunny smile, her winsome ways,
,y cre more to him than all his knowl-
edgc,
An<1 she preferred his words of praise
To all the honors of the college.
Yet "'VLat am foolish I to him? "
She whispered to her heart's con-
fessor.
" She thinks me old, and gray, and
grim, "
In !'ilence pondered the professor.
Yet once whcn Christmas bells were rung
Above tcn thousand solemn churches.
And swelling anthems grandly sung
Pealed through the dim cathedral
arches-
Ere home returning, filled with hope.
Softly she stole by gate and gable,
And a sweet spray of heliotrope
Left on his littered study-table.
or came !'he more from day to day,
Like sunshine through the shadows
rifting;
Above hcr gra,'e, far, far away,
The eYer silent snows were driftin..... .
\nd thos
who mourned her
'i
-
some face
Found in its stead a swift succes')Ol"
And loved anothcr in her plaee-
\1I. sa'-e the silent old professor.
But, in the tender twilight gray,
Shut from the sight of carping cl'itic,
His loncl
thoughts would often stmy
From Yedic ,Terse and tongues Scmitic.
Bidding the ghost of vanished hope
)Iock with its past the sad pos-
se:-:snr
Of the dead spray of heliotrope
That once she gave the old pm-
fessor.
230
HAROLD FREDERIC.
[1861-88
l
atoll1 1[rCl1cl.1C.
BORS in "(,"tiea,
. Y., 1856.
"YOP THO UG HT I DID IT!"
[Seth's Brother's If'{(p. l KS 7.]
"1"\7 HEN Seth awoke next morning, the pm;;ition of the shadow cast hy the
\ \ thick green-pa.per curtain which covcred the upper half of his win-
dow told his practised facultics that it was very late, anu impelled him to get
out of bed, beforc he began at all to remember the several momentous events
of the previous evening. As he dressed he strove to get these arrangell in
their proper order ill his mind. Curiously enol1.gh tl1ere were certain inchoate
recollections of feminine scream:o::, of bursts of hysterical sobbing, of low but
rough and strange malc voices, doleful and haunting, which confusedly
struggled for place in his sleepy though ts, and seemed now to be a part of the
evening's OCCUlTenccS, now to belong to this present morning, and to ha,ye
come to him while he was nearing the end of his sleep.
As he passed his Aunt Sabrina '8 door on his way to the stairs, he heard frum
within this same sound of suppressed weeping. This much at least of the un-
located recollections must have belonged to the first stages of his waking.
..
\.nother quarrel with Isabel!" he thought, as he descended the :-:tairs.
" '\"hy is it that women lllust always be rowing it with each other!" Then
his own dispute with
\.lbert came fresh and overpowering in distinctne
::5 of
impression across his mind, and the grounds of his grievance against the
temper of the other sex faded away.
The living-room "as vacant-the Lreakfast-table still standing in the dis-
order of a meal just finished, and the shades down a:::ì though the duy had not
yet begun, although the clock ðhowed it to be past ten. One of the fohlin!!'
doors of the parlor was open and hc heard Isabel's voice-it struck him as.
being strangely altered toward harshness of fibre-calling him to enter.
She stood, as he remembered her once before, in front of the piano. In the
dusk of the drawn curtain:,-how gloomy and distrait eyer.\.thing about the
house was this morning!-her figure was not ,ery clearly, isible, but her face
was so pale that it seemed to be independent of any light. Her eyes had the
effect of
light distention, and, in the shadow, were singularly dark of tint.
They werc gazing at him with a strange, intent, troubled look, and the ex-
pression of the pallid face went with this to disturb him vaguely. Hc
aid to
himself, in the lllOIllCllt of waiting for LeI' to speak, that he must l'l.eep hi&
troth with
\.nnie rC801utelr inlllind, and, if nceds be, not shrink from a'.ow-
ing and standing by it.
Isabel did not offer him her hand, or tender him any greeting whatever: only
looked him through and through with that
earching, unaccustomeu gaze.
'. I wouldn't let them call you," she said at last,
peaking slowly, as if with
an effort to both forlll these words and repres::; others. .. I knew that you
neel1ed the sleep. "
1861-88]
HAROLD
FREDERIC.
231
"I am sorry if I put anybody out by my lazille;:;
. But it is such a relief to
be able to sieep like that once in a while, instead of hU'\ ing to get down to the
office by eight."
"I heard you go out last night. I heard JOu come in this morning. But
not another soul in the house suspects that you were out; not one
..
Thc tone was unmistakably solemn, and weighted with ùeep feeling of
some sort.
:k.th uneasily felt that a sccne wa::; impending, though he could
not foresec its form. He felt, too, that the part he must play in it would of
necessi ty be an a w k ward one.
.. Yes,.' he answered, "the night seemed too fine to stay in-doors. Besides,
I was neryous, and it did me good to walk it off. You can't imagine how light-
hearted I was when I returned, or-for that matter-how heavy-hearted when
I went out. '.
" Seth! "
The word came forth like the red fin
h from clouds which can no longer
retain their pent-up, ,,'arrillg, swelling forces-an interjection of pas5ion, of
dread, of infinite trouhling, of doubt wreathed in struggle with pain. She
swayed slightly towanl him, her hands clasped and stretched down and for-
ward with a gesture of exce::;sÏve perturbation, bel' great e.n-s lustrous with
the excitement of this battle of emotions. Seth fancied that the dominant
meaning of thc look was reproa
h. He could not in the least see his way
through the dilemma, or cvcn llnder
tand it. lie could only say to hilll.:elf
that the enchantment wað ended, and that, cume what might, he wuuld not
furget _\.nllie.
The woman glided a
tep nearer to him.
he put one hand to her brow
with a sudden movement, and rested the other upon the piano, as if al1 at
once consciou::; of needing support. \Yith a painful little laugh, hysterically
ÌnconQ.Tuou:-:, she ::,aid:
.. I
'lln almost beside myself, am I not? I cannot speak to you, it seems!
And yet thcre is so much to say-or no! isn't Filence better still?" Her nJÏce
trembled as
he went on: "For what could we say? How meanillgle:::;;:; all our
wordð would be in the facc of-of "-
She swept both hanùs to her eyes, with an impetnons gesture. Her form
eemed to totter for a moment. so that Seth instinctively moved to\yard her.
Then with a wild outlmr
t of sobs she threw her
elf upon hið breast. con:
yul:::;eCi with ince:::;sant paro
Yðms of passionate wceping.
Thcy stooù thu:-i together for some minutes. The young man, mo"\"""ed to
grcat tellderne
s by her evident suffering, the canse of which he rag-nely re-
ferred to thc previous eyening's event3, put hil'i arm about her, whi
l'ered
gently to her to be comfortcù. and !:itroked her hair with a soft, care
:-:ing
touch. His hand touched her cheek, and she
huddered at thc contact; then
swiftly took the hand in hers, anù l'aiscd it to her lips, lllllrmuring hetween
the sobs:
.'"Gngrateful! wa
it not donc for lllC? Ah, dear, I shall not shudderagnin."
Shc kis
ed the hand repeatedly, and preðsed it to her uu
om, a:; she spoke.
She was still trembling like a leaf in his arms.
'Wbat coulù it all mean? hc asked himself-and fouud no an
\Ycr.
232
HAROLD FREDERIC.
[18ül-88
"\,e must be bra"e, dear, " she whi
pered now. ""
e must be on our
guard e"ery instant! Oh-h! they shall tear my heart out before they learn
anything-so much a
a syllable! "
e must kcep our nerve::::." Rhe looked up
into hi
astonished face, with almost a smile in her effort to
trcngthen his
courage. ., \Ye will be brave, won't we, mine? rrhe test will come soon now.
Perhaps in an hour they will bring-it! "
'The trembling seized her frame, and shook it with cruel force. She buried
bel' face in his brea::::t with a long, low cry of anguish, and
obbed there pit-
eou;:;ly, clinging to his hand sti11. Once she bent as if to kiss it again, but
stopped, then turned her bead aÛde, groaning" Oh bow tcrriùle! how ter-
rihle
"
The my
tification now demanded light of some sort.
,. "
hat is it that is so terrible, my poor girl?" he asked. ,. "
bat are they
going to bring in an hour? Tell me, Isabel-my sweet sister-what does it
alllllean? .,
She looked up into his face, with flickering suggestions of a mechanical
smile at the corners of her pale lips, antI with soft reproach in her eyes:
,. Are you going to pretend to'lne, too, dear one? As if it were not all here
in my heart-all, all! Ah, they shan't get it! They shan't get the shadow of
a hint. You were home here all the while! You were asleep, sound asleep!
If it be necessary, I could swear that I knew you wcre asleep, that-but no,
there lllight be suspicion theli. That we mustn't ba'"e! Don't fear for me,
dear one
I ::;hall be so discreet, so circum
pect, watching, weighing every
word
But oh-h- shall we dream of it? "-hat if we should, alid should
cry out in our sleep-Oh-b, my God! my God! "
She sank again, convulsively clutching his band, and quivering with fe,er-
ish sobs upon his breast.
.. "["pon my soul, I don't in the least know what you are talking about, I
-
abel
Do trr anù be calm, and tell me what it i
!"
" He ask
me!" she cried, with thc same jarring, painful half-laugh he had
heard before.
He held her from him, so that he might look into bel' facc.
"Come, come! You arc acting like a tragedy-queen on the stage. Do he
sensible, and tell me what the matter is. You m.1ke me out of patience with
you!"
, He
poke in the vexed toneof a man needlessly perplexed with foolish lllYS-
teries. To her strained senses the simplc expression of impatiencc wað crucl
mockery. She drew herself still further hack from bim, and dropped his
hand. She was ahlc to spcak colleetedly now:
"It is YOll who arc the actor. You persist in playing the part-to me!"
H Still in riddlcs! What part, Isabel?"
" You will have me tcll you? You want to hear the thing-in words?"
,. Yes, by all means."
Rhc had ncver once taken her frightencd, fascinated gaze from his face.
" You in:ást on bearing from my lips that while you were out last night) our
brother was murdered "-
., \Vhat! "
1861-88]
llA..ROLD FREDERIC.
233
")Iurdered not four miles from here, as he was driving on the road, and
his body thrown down into a ravine. t;ome boys found it. Fortunately,
everybody thinks it wa5 an accillent. The men who brought the news thought
so."
She had spoken the words coMly, as if they were conunonplaces and had
been learned by rote; but all the passion of her bcing was flaming in her eye::;,
which transfixed him" ith their stare.
")lur-dered!" the young man stammered, feeling his senses reeling, "Al-
bert murdered! Oh-h this must be nonsense! It is too terrible to think of
even ! Yon are out of your mind, Isabel!"
Her Ii p
quivered: .. It would be no wonder if I were, after tltÙ: ! "
The darkcned rooms, the sobhing of his aunt upstairs, the sounds of an-
guish that he knew now had partially awakened him, the crazed demeanor of
Isabel-all these rose around him, like a black fog, to choke and confound his
mind. Her fixed gaze burned him.
"Tell me what you know! ., he cried, wildly.
., 'Y ouldn't it be easier to tell me what YOll know?"
The chilling tone of the words startled him, a
might a sudden contact of
",'arm flesh with ice, before his be,yildered brain had grasped their meaning.
Then, like the crimson, all-pervading outbur5t of a conflagration, the thing
dawncd upon him, and his thoughts seemed blood-rcd in its hideous light,
He pushed her from him fiercely, returning her piteous look of fright with a
glare, and biting his tOl1guc for words that should be great enough to fairly
overwhelm her. A::; she cowered, he strode toward her:
., You thought I did it! " he shoutcd at her.
Her only answer was to bur) her face in her hands and sink weakly at his
knee:-:.
lIe stood relentlessly glowering down upon her. The bitter, brutal words
that might be heaped upon her, nay, that ought to be, crowded upon his
tongne. I t \Vas too great a task to restrain them, to keep silence.
., rOll thought I did it," he repeated. "And you didn't object-you
didn't shrink from me! \Yhy, I reult'lllber-my God!-you kissed my hand!
You said · it was done for lllC!' 0 h-h! "
Thc wonLll at his feet, her face hidden, had been sobbing violently. She
lifted her eyes now, and strove appealingly to conquer him with their power.
She rose, unaided, to her feet. and confronted him. Terror and tenderness
visihly struggled for the llw::;tery of her facial expression, as for the mood Le-
himl it.
"Don't, Seth, don't! Can't you see how I am Fuffel'ing? Have you no pity?
How can you have the heart to 8peak to me like this?"
" r01t talk about pity-ahout hcartð!"
., How long ago was it that they were on yuur tongue-that you had Jour
arms strctched open for me? "
.. Don't rccall it! "
,. If I were to die this day, this hour, it would be the one thing I should
want to remember, the one thing of my life that I should hug to my heart.
'fhnt is changed since then? _\.. lllun dead ?-a man dies every minute of the
.
234
CHARLES L017.Y HILDRETH.
[1861-88
day somewhere in the world! Suppo
e I was wrong!
uppose it was an acci-
dent-yes, we'll say it was! Don't you see-how little that is, how unimpor-
tant, compared with-with "-
She finished the sentf'nce by a faltering step toward him, her arms out-
stretched, her lips parted, her form offering itself for his embrace with a
sinuous seduction of moving outlines,
The old witchery flamed up for a .second in his pulses; then it was emberless
ash eSt
'Vithout a word he turned and left her.
Q:lJat.lcø lLotín t
íU)rctlJ.
BORN in Sew York,
. Y., 1856.
TIlE KIXG.
[The lJIasqup of Death, and Other Púr'm8, 18 s f).]
^ X ermined speC'tre on a shnking throne,
.L:ì.. That sits with stony eyes, unmoved and cold,
1Yhile round about the people curse an<l g-roan:
An old, wan, withered shape, brow-bound with gold.
Long live th king!
Dark relic of the hlillfl, benighted years,
Last of a race defiled by shame aUll crime
And stained with centuries of blood and tears,
A.bhorrèd in the searching eye of time.
Long live the king!
Thine is the hitter heritage of hate;
Thy fathers' heavy deeds are on thy head;
They load thee down as with a leadpn weight,
They cry upon thee frolll the nameless dead.
Long live the king!
They haunt thy fevered couch in hngf!."ard dreams,
They mock thy greatness with a secret fear;
They write upon the wall in fiery gleall1s-
"Belshazzar, thou art weighed, thy doom is near!"
Long live the king!
In thee the long, ancl'<;tral sin shan cease;
'Vhat place hast thou alllong the sons of men?
Pass on and give the warring nations peace;
The like of thee shall not he seen again.
Long live the king!
Pass on, thou ancient, immemorial lie !
Thy power is hroken in thy feeble hand::;;
1861-88J
CHARLES L0111f HILDRETH.
235
Behold! the long night lifts along the sky,
The new day rises fair in many lands.
Long live the king!
Andlo! with clash of brass and clang of drums,
And thunder of the world's a(hancing tread,
The heir of time, thy strong successor come
To pluck the crown from thy dishonored head.
Long live the king!
Man! meant of God to be sole king of men,
"Whose birthright is the broad, unbarriered earth,
Whose chariot is the plough, whose sword the pen,
'Yhose crown the majesty of truth and worth.
Long live the king!
Ay, man! born thrall to gold and place and pride,
Back-bent with burdens, beaten with sharp rods,
Self-sold to vice and fear, creed-crucified,
Patient of power and prostrate to false goels.
Long live the king!
Rerisen fl'om world-old darkness and despair,
Fire-purified, baptized in agony;
Behold! thi
i
indeeil the king and heir,
'Vise, great. and good, well worthy to be free!
Long live the king!
DIPLOn_\ PAf'R
IX THE CE
rETERY OF CERTOSA.
I STOOD" within the cypress gloom
'Yhere old Ferrara's dead are laiel,
And mused on many a sculptured tomb
)Ioss-grown and mouldering in the
shade.
In the dim light I stooped to trace
The lines the time-worn marble bore,
Of reverent praise or prayer for grace-
.. buplora pace! "-nothing more.
And there was one the eye might pa
:"
And careless foot might tread upon.
A crumbling tablet in the grass,
With weeds and wild vines overrun.
:Name, fame, find rank, if any were,
Had long since vanished froUl the
stone,
Leaving the meek, pathetic prayer,
"Peace I implore!" and this alone.
E\TEXIXG.
I FEEL the cool breath of the comin
ni
ht,
Sweet with the scent of me:Hlows and new hay,
And suhtly as a failing of the sight
The dusk invisibly tlissolves the (lay.
236
IIARRIET LE01YORA rOSE BA TEb.
[1861-88
Still in the west an arc of primrose light
Crowns like an aureole the mountain';; hrow,
Flecked with thin sprays of palest rCll aml gold,
And through its lamhent heart is piercing now
The point of one large star, keen, still, and cold.
The east lies in the arms of night; the eye
Xo longer mark!' the lines of hedge and lane,
The russet stack;; anll squares of husbandry,
The shaycn stuùùle and thc furro\\ ed plain;
But o\'er all a clear ohscurity-
A pearly gloJm lit from the lucid skies-
Hangs like a tenuous veil, through which is seen
A worlù transformed to unfamiliar guise
Of ùarkling lo\'eliness, cool, dim, serene,
l
al.l.íct Leonora 1)o
e 13atcS5.
BOR
in Quincy, Ill., 1856. DIED iu Boston, :\Iass., 1886.
AX OLD S.\.LK\I
II()P.
[Old Salem. By Eleall()r PllfM/11I.-Edifed by Arlo Bates. 18:;ü.]
I 'YOSDER ho\\ many people have melllorie
as yivid as mine of the quaint
shops which a 8('ore of years ngo stood placidly along the quiet streets of
Salem. In tbe Salem of to-day there arc few inno\-atiolls. X ot many modern
huildings have replaced the timc-holloretllandmarks; yet twenty years ago
Salem, in certain aspect!', was far more like an old colonial town than it is
now. 'Yhen tlw proprietor of an old shop die(l it was seldom that a lIew mas-
ter entered. :Xobody new cver ealllC' to ;-o.alem. and everybody then liying
there had already his legitimntc occupation. The old shop
, lacking tenants.
went to sleep. Thcir green shutters were closed, and they \Vcre laiù up in
ordinary without comment from anyone.
I remember one shop of the nlriety known in Salem as "button stores."
It was kept by t\\'o quaint old
i:-:ter3, whose family name I neyer knew. "
e
always caned them l\Ii
)Iartha and )Iiss Sibyl.
Iis:-5 )Iartha wa
the older,
and 'sported a magnificent turban of wond(:rful construction.
Iiðs Sibyl
wore caps and little wintry curb. Both had short-waisted gowns, much
shirred toward the belts, and odd little hou:-:ewi\-e
of green leather, which
hung from their apron-bindings by green rihbons.
Their wares wcrc few and faded. They harl a spar.-e collection of crewels,
old-fashioncd laces, little crimpcd cakes of white wax, and emcry balls in fu-
tile imitation of strawberrie
. They sold handkerchiefs, antiquated gauze,
and brocaded ribbons, and did embroidery stamping for ladies with much care
and deliberation. I rememlJer being once sent to take to these Imlics an arti-
1861-88J
HARRIET LEONOHA VOSE BATES.
237
cle which was to be stamped with a single letter. )Iiss )Iartha consulted at
some length with her sister, and then, with an air of gentle importance, said
to nle: ., Tell your mother, dear, that sister SiLyl will have it ready in one
week, certainly, "
On another occasion )Iiss Sib)l had chanced to gi"e me a penny too much
in change; discovering which before I was well away, I returned to the shop
and told her of the mistake. )liss Sibyl dropped the penny into tbe little
till,-so slender were thc means of these old gentlewomen that I believe even
a penny was of importance to them,-and in her gentle voice she asked,
" ''"hat is your namc, dear?" and when I told her she replied, approvingly,
" \r ell. you are an horll'st child, and you lllay go home and tell your mother
that )Iiss RiLyl said so." To this comnlendation she added the gift of a bit
of pink gauze ribbon, brocaded with littlc yellow and lavender leaves, and I
returned to my family iu a eouliition of such conscious yirtue that I am con-
vinced that I must have bcen quite in::;uffemble for :::ome da.'s following.
The onlyarticlc in which theðe ladies dealt which specially concerned us
children was a sort of gay-colored beads, such as were llsed in making bags
and reticules-that fine old heall embroidery which :-:ome people show now-
adays as the work of their great-grandmothers. The:-:e ùcads were highly
valued by Salem children, and were sohl for a pcnny a thimbleful. They were
memmred out in a :,mall mustanl-:;;poon of yellow wood, and it took three
ladlefuls to fill thc thimble. I cannot forget the air of placid and judicial
gravity with which dear )Ii
s
Iartha mea:-:ured out a cent's wortb of beads.
One winter day )li
s HiLyI died. The green
hutter8 of the shop ,yere bowed
with black ribbons, and a bit of ru:,ty black crape fluttered from the knob of
the half-glass door, inside of which the curtains were drawn as for a Sunday.
For a whole week the shop wa:-: decorously closed. 'Yhen it was reopened.
only )Ii
:-:
Inrtha, a little older and grayer and more gently serious, stood
behind the scantily filled show-case.
[y mother went in with me that day
and bought somc laces. )Iiss )[artha f()hled each piece about a card and se-
curcd the ends with pins, after hcr usual careful fashion, and made out thp
quaint little receipted bill with which she always insistcd on furlliðhillg cus-
tomer:-:.
\..s shc handed the parcel across the counter shc tlllðwered a louk ill
my mother's eyes.
., I did not think she would go first." sht' said, simply. ., Sibyl was very
JOlll1g to die. ..
III the following autumn came )Ii:;:s )Iartha's turn to go. Then the shut-
tcr:; were cloðed forever.
obodv took the Ftore. The wintrr R1l0WS drifted
unchecked into the narrow (loon
'ay, and the bit of black crape afih.ed to the
latch by friendly handð waved forlornly in the chilly winds and shivered in
the air,-a thing to affect a child weird
y, and to uc haðtened past with a
"crccpy" scn
ation in the uncertain grayness of a winter twilight.
238
HARRIET LEOXORA rOSE BATES.
[18Gl-88
cür
IX
rs
\s's CTPBOARD.
[Fl'011l the Scllne.]
F ORE
IOST in the memory of delightful Salem cupboards stands the
dining-room closet of a second-cOlBin of ours, whom \\e called Cousin
Susan. She was a widow of some fifty odd years, and kept house for a bache-
lor brother, who was a retired sea-captain. She was a rounù, trim, black-
eyed woman, greatly afflicted with rheumatism, for which reaðon she always
walked with a cane. The cane was of some dark. foreign wood, highly pol-
ished, and the top was carved to resemble a falcon's head, with shining eyes
of yellow glass.
Cousin Susan was a kindly soul, who would, I think. haye eyen heen merry,
had not the austerity of her youthful trnining warped her natural instincts
and gi yen her a certain rigidly yirtuous air. She believed very sincerely in
the old-time maxim that "children should be seen, and not beard," and she
had rather an alarming wa
' at times of
aying .. Tut, tut!" But she was
really fond of young people, and Whelleyer we went tv see her she would say
seducti ,-ely :
"I wonder, no\\, If we cuuld find anything nice in Cousin
usan's dining-
room cupboard. "
And truly that person who failed to do
o must have 1)een hard to please:
for, in onr eyes at least, that cupboard held a little of everything that was
rare and delightful
A most delicious odor came forth 1\hen the door was opene<1-a hint of the
spiciness of rich cake, a tingling sense of pre
ened ginger. and a certain in-
effahle sweetness which no other closet e\"(
r PO::;ðcssed, and which I know not
how to describe. It might well haye proceeded from the wans and sheh es of
thc cupboard itself, for they were indeed emblems of purity. The paint was
varni
hcd to a high degree of glossines.;, and was so exquisitely kept as to
look like white porcelain.
The china here. as in all genuine :Salem cuphoarc1
. wa::; chiefly of the hon-
est old blue Canton ware. There were shining pile
of these plates which,
while they are rather heayy to handle, alwaYEi surprise one by being' so thin at
the edges. rl'here were generous teacnpð like
ll1all howh;, squat pitchers with
1Jig noses, and a tureen whose con-r had the hea(l of a Loar for a handle. Awl
in all this the hlue ,,-að dull and deep in tint, ,yith a certain ill-defined, vapor-
ous quality at the edges of the line
, and tbe 1\hite of the coul greeni
h tin
e of
a duck's egg. You call1Juy blue Canton to-day, but it is not old blue Canton.
uch china is matchless no,:, bat in this cupboard there were sheh c:::; of it.
Cousin SUð
ll1 pos
es
ed also another :;et of china, which she valued far
aboyc her blue. !twas always sillgularly attractiye to us as children, though
I have come to believe that it is far les:; beautiful than the Canton. It was a
pure, thin, white ware. delicately flnted at the ed
"es and dccorated with little
raised lilac sprigs, It was used only upon occasions )f
olenlll campau.,' tea-
drillkings, and Cousin Sl1
an al" ays washed it herself in her little cedar disÌl-
tub. 'V c children considered this' china so choice aUlI de::;irable that a lJÏt of
1861-88]
IL4RRIET LEO
YORA VOSE BATES.
239'
a broken saucer, "Which included one of the pale, tiny sprays, was cheri
hed
far above onr real doUs' flishes. ,r e lent it from one to another, each of us
keeping it for one day
hut it was always one of thoi3e nn
:lti:-:fa('tory treasurcs
of childhood for which we could never fiud au
- adequate u:-o:e, ,,- e could thiuk
of nothing to do with this bit of china which spellled at all worthy of so lovely
an object.
At the left hand of Cou
i1J ;-\uf::ln's f'helYe
of china was a little cupùoard
with a diamond-paned glas:, door. Thi:; was the sanctum Sfl'nctoJ'um-a cup-
hoard within a cupboard; and here, as one might have expected, "Were
tore(l
the choicest trea:5ures of all. It was not the domestic preserve-closet. Cousiu
Susan was thrifty, and had good store of home-made dainties, but the)' wpre
kept in the cool seclu
ion of a, dark cellar :-;tore-rOOl1l. This little glass cup-
hoard held the stock of foreigu sweetmeats: the round-.:.;llOuldered blue jars,
inclo
ed in a network of split bamhoo, which contained the fiery, amher gin-
gel': the flat boxes of guava jelly, hot curry powders, chilli
auce, and cholc-
ric Bengal chutne
'. IIere were two miniature eask:.-; of tamarinds, jolly and
black, Oousin Sn
an 's fayorites. Rhe had a certain air of diða pproval toward
most of these strange conserves. ., They are not good for little people, " she
averred; and indeed she alwa}":::ì maintained that these ardent sweetmeats
'were fitter for the delectation of rUlle lllen than for the delicate palates of gen-
tlewomen. Of tamarinds, howe\"er, Cousin Snsan did approvc. Properly di-
luted with cool water, they made what she called a .. very pretty drink."
he
was fond of sending 'a p."la:-::-; to any neigh hor who wal5 ill and feverish, and she
was always following our ('ouðin the ðea-captain about with a blue china bowl
of the mixture, begging him to partake of it,
" Susan, I hate tamarind-water," our cousin would protest.
,. It will cool your blood, "
illiam," his
i
ter would urge.
" But I don't want my blood cool. I want it warm," the captain would
reply. .
As a general thing, however, COLlsin
Ll:-:an came off triumphant. The cap-
tain grumblingly partook of his dose, amI was ulway:o; mOðt generons in shar-
ing it with us children. The beautiful littlc brown stoncs also fell to our lot,
and we hoarùed thc useless things with great care, althoufrh it alway::; seemed
to us a great oversight on the part of nature that tamarind seeds did not have
holes through thelll, that Olle might
tring them as l)eads.
Cousin Su:-:an's cuphmml al
o contained stron
"l'l' waters than tamarind,
for side by side sat two corpulent cut-gJaðs decanters. of 'which one was half
filled 'with )[adeira winc and the ot hcr with hunest rum. A varictv of sweet
cakes was near by, to he sened with the wille to an, chance vi
it
r. There
were lJlack fru it
eakc in a japanned hox: .. hcnrts ;lllll rountb" of rich yel-
low pouna-cake : and certain tl<'licate but inanc littlt, spong"c hi::;cuit, of which
our cou..;in
poke by thl' oldl'r-fashioned name of diet--or, as
h(. chuse to pro-
nounce it, "dier "-hread. She always calle(l the sponge cab,s ('little aicr
breads." Poulld- and fr;:Üt-cakcs were forhidden to our youth, hut we might
have our ladylike fill of "dier brl'ad
, .. amI abo of deligh tful :-:ced-cake
, which
were cut in the shape of an oak-leaf, and were marvels uf sugary thillnes
.
These seed-cakes, by the bye, were kept in a jar which dcscnes at least a
240
HARRISON SJIITII }'lORRIS.
[1861-88
pai3sing mention. It 'was, I suppose, some two or three feet high, though it
looked to me then much higher. It was of blue-and-white china, and was
fitted with a cover of dull siher. Tnl(lition stated that some seafaring an-
ce
tQr had brought it home from Calcutta, filled with rock-cundy. 'Yhat was
done with so large a supply of this confection I never knew. In those days
choice sugar-plmns ,,-ere not as plenty as they han' since become; possibly
at the time" Black-jacks" and ,. Gibra1tar
" were unknown, and this was
Salem's only candy. At all eH'nts, it is somewhere recorded that the ship
Belisarius brought from Calcutta. "ten thousand seven hundred and sixty-
se'-en pounds" of thi
same rocky and crystallinc dainty. rrhe fact of such
a quantity of candy had for us children a i'uperb and opulent significance.
'Yhat an idea, to have a choice confection, not by the stich. or beggarly ounce,
but by the jarful! To think of going and casually helping one's self at will !
To imagine lifting that siher lid, and gazing unreproved into the sugary
depths! Perhaps nice, white-haired spinsters u:o:ed it in glittering lumps to
sweeten their tea, or eyen sen-ed it at table by the plateful, as one might serve
cake. Fancy exhauðted itself in all sorts of delightful ;:;peculatiolls, The
whole legend had a profuse and mythic:ll soum1. It was like a fairy talc, a
cene from .Arabian Xight
, It threw about the jar and thc cupboard a mys-
tic charm which time fails to efface. E,"en now a stick of sparkling rock-
candy has power to call np Cousin
usall
s dining-room eupboard, its sweet,
curions perfume, the quaint old sil H)r and blue china. and the huge turkey-
feather fan, with its carveÜ iVOl'y handle and wTeath of brilliant painted flow-
ers, which hung on the inside of the door,
l
arrí
on
lnítlJ :ftlorrl
.
Bou
iu Pl1ilaùe]pl1ia, PeUII., þ.;-,fj.
TO
\. ( '0 31IL\.V E.
J. A, H., OBIIT 14 1L\.RCH. lS1:-!:J.
I.
T HE leaves have come-he comes not-he is dead.
The bugle winds of April hlow their note;
The little buds dance in with dewy héad
.\.nd curtsy to their loyer where they :o:pread;
The robin fills her throat,
)Iaking the customed answer to hi::; oat,
But he-alas! his fingereù airs are tied!
II.
He knew to gather lyrics from the leavps
Anù ùreathe their swcetnc!'s through the quiet closes,
.And knew the rustled converse of the roses
Aùout the eages of the country ea.ves;
1861-88]
HARRISON SJIITH .J.llORRIS.
And where the dappled sunlight dozes,
And where the ditties wake the sheaves,
The silence Iuned him into long reposes
And happy world-reprieves.
III.
Born was he for the uplands" here the sun
And morning hill-tops meet,
Where hreezes through the yellow barley run
"With dimpling feet;
His heart went thither, though he trod the street.
He left his toil undone
To listcn to the runnel edùies flcet-
He bettcr loved the reveries won
In some old tree-retrcat,
The mid-bough twitter and the homeward bleat,
Anù twilight village fun.
IY.
But tyrant toil is harsh with what it owns,
Nor lets the prodigal forget
His penitential debt;
And, late, his merry music ehbed in moans.
""ho loved the noonday minuet
Of sun and shadow forest-met,
The freshcncd herbage bending in the wet
And birds in thicket-wones-
'rIlO touched his pipe to a thousanù tender tones-
He passed us woe-beset!
Y.
Song slept within him like the winter buds
That wait the under whisper of the year,
Then hreak the crumbling loam and reappear
And work a beauty in the naked woods.
lIc waited, oh, how long! for happier moods,
And walked the city's peopled roods,
'nth music at his ear:
"-ith murmur of the lcaves he Im.cd to hcar
In day-long solitudes-
But songs that should have made his presence dcaI',
And purchased love and long bcatitudes,
Like early blossoms drcnched with many a tear
Lay withcred on his bier.
YI.
The memories fire full, the years are fcw,
That hound us into comradeship complete.
'Ve came togC'ther in the rainy strcet
At night, nor either knew
Row close the current of our being drew,
How wide the circles rippling from our feet.
VOL. XI.-:i6
241
242
HARRISON K1IITH J."'fIORRIS.
It was as if a pair of leaves that grew
Bough-neighbors ere the se\rering autumn blew
Had come again to meet,
And, finding solace in each other, knew
Uemembrance of the fal'-off summer sweet.
.n.
We made a bond of song-we made us nigllts
ArustIe with the buskine(l forest flights,
And pipe-réveillés of the Doric days.
'Ve found our attic full of arching ways-
Or, bound afield, beheld tile sights
Embalmed in old poctic rites, .
And saw the slender dances_of the fays.
YIII.
For he was learnèd in all leafy books
And kne,,' the winding rC'gion of romance;
His fingers fitted to the olden reeds;
And, when the music eddied, in his looks
Came vision of the wood, the circled dance,
And all the secret sweetness of the deeds
By forest brooks.
His riches were an idle dreamer's meeds;
But yet he gave his hest for others' needs,
And nurtured with his loye the seeds
Of worth grown up in sordid city nooks.
IX.
And, last, his music ebbed. He troll the street,
Pursuing hopes of melancholy made:
The lights tha.t ever seem to fade
And lea
e the midnight darker by retreat.
The quiet counsel of the trees
He heeded not, nor sought the country peace.
But, like a quarry goaded-like a shade
Swept on in darkness, all his being beat
In maddened seas
Headlong against the granite of defeat.
He trusted not, hut made
Foemen of guardian laws that give us aid
And lost his treasured music in the breeze.
X.
So like a sheaf, wherein young hirds haye learned
Their matin music ere the grain be cared
Anò. glancing sickles go abroad the field,
He lay storm-broken. P.une, that would have turned
,yith but a little wooing, couhl but yield
A chaplet of her young leaves seared.
And he who was to earth endeared
[1861-88
1861-88]
JfARGARET DELA])
D.
243
By tendril lm"es that clasped him like a vine;
Who held her soil as something sweet and fine;
And loved her still, though severed from her long-
He lies, in union gl"Own divine,
'Within her bosom, whence a flower-flight,
Sole guerdon of his dreams of day and night,
Springs from his seeds of song.
The Litaary World. 1
t;9.
jt1argarct jDclantJ.
BORN in A1Iegbany, Peun., lfìi)7.
A rOKFLICT OF OPIXIOXS.
[John Ward, Preacher. 11'
.]
T HEY ro(le quite silently to the houl'c of the minister with whom John
had exchanged, where they were to dinc; after that, the preacher was to
go back to thc church for the afternoon sermou.
- )Irs. Grier, a f:pare, anxious-looking woman, with a tight friz of hair about
her temples, ,,"hich werc thin and shining, met them at the door. She hac]
hurried home to "see to things," and he ready to welcomc her guest!':. John
Fhe ushered at oncc into her husband's study. a poor 1ittlc room, with e\"C'n
fewer books than )Ir. 'Yard's own, while Helen she took to the spare cham-
ber, where she had thoughtfully proy-ided a cambric dress for hcr, for thc day
had grown yery warm, and the riding-habit was heavy.
She sat down in a :::;plint rockillg-chuir, and watchcd her guest hruc;;h out
her length of shining bronzc hair, aUlI twist it in a firm coil luw on her
nee k.
., It waR a good gathering," she said; "people came from a distance to
hear )lr. 'Yard. The folks at Lockhayen are ftt\'ored to listen to Fuch preach-
ing. "
,,
o doubt they feel favored to have )lr, Grier with them t()-day, " Helen
a-ns\\"ered, conrteollsly; but there was an ab!'ent look in her eyes, and òhe did
not li:,tcn cl08ely.
., 'VeIl, people like a ehangc once in a while, " :Mrs. Grier mlmitted, rock-
ing hard. ")[1'. Grier's diwoursc was to be on thc same subject a:-; Jour hus-
hand's, foreign missions. It is one that moves the preachers, amI the people
se('m to like it, I notice, though I don't know that it makes much difference
in the collectioll
. But I think tlwy likc to get aU harrowed up. You'll find
thcre won't he such an attendance in the afternoon. It is WaYð mal means
then, you know. Y C::', seems as if
ermons on hell maùe the
l shiver, and
they enjoyed it. I've !'omctimes thonght-I don't know as I'm right-they
get the same kind of pleasure out of it tbat worldly people do out of a play,
:x ot that I know much about such thiug
, I'm
ure. "
244
.}IARGAREl' DELAND.
[18Gl-88
Helen smiled, which rather shocked
Irs. Grier; but though the guest
scarcely listened, the little sbarp Labble of talk was kept up until they went
down to dinner.
There had been no chance for the husband and wife to speak to each other.
John looked at Helen steadily a moment, but her eyes veiled any thought.
In the midst of Mrs. Grier's chatter, she IU1d gone into the solitude of her
own heart, and slowly and silently light was beginning to shine into the mys-
terious darkness of the la::st few days. John's grief must have had something
to do with this terrible sermon. She felt her heart leap up from the past
anxiety like a bird from a net, and the brooàing sadness began to fade from
}]er face. The preachcr had come down from the pulpit with a certain exhil-
aration, as of duty done, Hc was in.spired to hope, and even certainty, by the
greatness of the theme. Helen should see the truth, his silence should no
longer mislead her, she shoulà believe in the ju
tiee of God. IIe had forgot-
ten his sin of cowardice in the oTIwara-sweeping wave of his cOllviction.s; 11e
seemed to yield himself up to the grasp of truth, and lost even personal re-
morse in the contemplation of its majesty.
:\lrs. Grier had four noisy children, who all spoke at once, and needed their
mother's constant care and attention, so John and Helen could at least be
silent; yet it was hard to sit through the dinner when their hearts were im-
patient for each other.
In a little breathing-space at the end of the meal, when two of the chilllren
had clam bered down from their high chairs and been dismissed, )lrs. Grier
began to speak of the sermon.
" It was a wonderful discourse. sir," she f1aid; ,,; seems as if nobody could
stand against such doctrine a
you gave us. I could have wished, though, you'd
have told ns your thoughts about infants being lost, There is a difference of
opinion between )Ir. Grier and two of our elders."
C( "
hat does Brother Grier hold? "' askeù the preacher.
" 'Yell, .. )Irs. Grier all
wered, shaking her head, "he does say they arc all
saved. But the elder
, they say that the confession of faith teaches that dect
infants are FRyed, and of course it follows that those not elect are lost. )ly
father, .:\lr. ,ranI, was a real old-fashioned Christian, and I must say that
was what I was taught to believe, and I hold by it. Therc now, Ellen, you
take your little sister and go out into the garden, like a good gir1."
She lifted the baby down from her chair, anù put her hand into that of her
elder sistcr.
")Irs. Grier," Helen said, speaking quickly, ;, you say you belicve it, hut
if you had ever lost a child I am sure vou could not. "
'" I have, ma'am, "-)lrs. Grier's tl;in lip quivered, and her eyes l"eddened
a littJe,-" hut that can't make an"\'" difference ill truth; besides, we have the
hle
s('<l hope that she was an elect infant."
It would have ueen crue] to press the reason for this hope, and Hclen lis-
tene(1 instead with a breath of relief to what John was saying. He, at least,
did llot lwld this horriblc doctrine.
"Ko, I agrce with your husba.nù," he said. "True, all children are horn
in sin, and arc ù.e
piscd and aùhorred a.s sinllers by God, Jonathan Edw::wh,
1861-88]
MARGARET DELAJ.YD.
245
you know, calls them' ,ipers,' which of course was a cruù.e and cruel way of
hltillg the truth that they are sinners, Yet, through the infinite mercy,
they are sayed because Christ died-not of themsehres; in other words, all
infant
who die arc elect, "
)lrs. Grier shook her head. "I'm for holding to the catechism," she said;
and then, with a sharp, thin laugh,
he added: " But you're sound on the
heathen, I must say."
Helen shivcred, :md it did not escape her hostess, who turned and
looked at her with interested curiosity. She. too, had heard the Lockhaven
rUlllors.
.. But then," she proceeded, " I don't see how a person can help being
soulHl 011 that, though it is surprising what people will doubt, even the things
that are plainest to other people. I've many :1 time heard my father say that
the proper holding of the doctrine of reprobation was necessary to eternal
life. I
uppose you believe that, )11'. "
ard," she added, with a little to
s of
her head, "even if you don't go all the way with the confession, about
illfan t:;: ?"
.. Yes," said John sadly," I must; because not to believe in reprobation is
to say that the sacrifice of the cross was a useless offering."
(, Ancl of course," Mrs. Grier went on, all edge of sarcasm cutting into her
voice, ,(
Irs. 'Yard thinks so, too? Of course she thinks that a belief in hell
is necessary to get to heaven?"
The preacher looked at his wife with n growing anxiety in his face.
,. Xo," Helen said, ((] do not think so, .Mrs, Grier."
)rr
. Grier flung np her little thin hands, which looked like bird-claws.
" You don't!" she cried shrilly. (. \Yell, now, I do say! And what do you
think about the heathen, then? Do vou think they'll be damned?"
,. K 0, ., Helen said again.
,
)Irs. Grier gave a gurgle of astonishment, and looked at ßIr. "-ar<1; but he
did not Rpeak.
., \rell, " she exelainlC'c1. "if I didn't think the heathen would be lost, I
wouldn t see the use of the plan of sahation! "-hy, they've got to be ! "
,. If they had to be," cried Helen, with sudden passion. ., I
hould want to
he a heathen. I should be ashamed to be saved, if there wcre fO many lo
t,"
hc stopped: the anguish in John's face silenced her.
,. "
ell," JIrs. Grier said again, really cnjoying the scene, (, I'm surprised;
I woulùn't a' believed it ! "
She folded her hands across bel' waist, anù looked at )Irs. "
ard with kpen
interest. Helen's facc flushed under the contemptuous curiosity in the wo-
man's eyes. She turned appealingly to J olm.
.( 3[1':-:. ,rarù docs not think quite as we do.
'et," he foo:aid gently; "you
know she has not been a Presbyterian as long as we have."
He ro
e as he spoke, and came and stuud by Helcn's chair, and then walked
at her side into the parlor.
)lrs. Grier had foJJowed them, and hearù Helen say in a low voice, " I
would rather not go to church this afternoon, dearest. )Iay I wait for you
here? "
2-16
JLIRGARE1 T DELAND.
[1861-88
., "'
ell, '. she broke in, "I shouldn't suppose you would care to go, so long
as it's just about the ways and means of sending thl' gospel to the heathen, and
you think they're all going right to heaven. any way."
., I do not know where they are going, )11':-:. Grier," Helen said "Wearily;
" fur all I know, therc is no hea,-en, either. I onlv know that God-if there
is a God who has any personal care for us-could ;lOt be so wicked and cruel
as to punish people for wbat they could not help."
" Good land! " cried )lr8. Grier, reallv fri
htelled at such words, and look-
ing about as though she expected a judg
llellt as illlmediate as the bears which
deYOlued the scoffing children.
" If you "Would rather not go, " John answered, "if you are tired, wait for
me here. I alll sure :Mrs. Grier win let you lie down anù rest until it is time
to start for home. "
" Oh, of course, " responded )lrs, Grier, foreseeing a chance for further in-
vestigation; for she, too. was to ùe at home.
But Helen did not invite her to come into the spare room when she went
to lie down, after John's departure for church. She wanted to bc alone'. She
had much to think of, much to reconcile and explain, to protect herself from
the unhappiness w hich John's sermon might have caused her. She had had
an unmi
b.kable shock of pain and distress as she realized hcr husband':; bc-
lief, and to feel even that seemed unloving and disloyal. To Helen's mind,
if she disapproved of her hushand's opinions on what to hcr was an unimpor-
tant subject. her first duty was to banish the thought. and forget that ðhe had
ever had it. She sat now by thc open wmdow, looking out over the bright
garden to the distant peaceful hills, and by dcgrees the pain of it hegan to
fade from bel' mind, in thoughts of John himself, his goodness, and their
love. Yes, they 1m"ed one another,-that was enongh.
" 'Yhat doc
it matter what his lJclief i:,:? '. she said. .. I love him! ..
So. by and by, the contcnt of mere e.xistencl' unfolded in her heart. and
John's belief was no more to her than a dres;;; of the mind; his character was
unehanged. There was a momentary pang that the character
of othC'rs
might be hurt hy this teaching of the cxpediencyof virtue, but she forced the
thought back. John, whose whole lifc was a lesson in the beàuty of holiness
-John could not injure any onc. The po
sibility that he might be right in
his creed simply })ever presented itself to her,
Helen's face had relaxed into a happy smile; again the clay was fair and the
wind sweet. The garden below her was fragrant with growing things and the
smell of damp earth: and whilc she sat, drinking in its sweetne:,:s, a sl1l1den
burst of children's yoices reached her car, and Ellen aud the two little boys
came around the ("orner of the house and settled down under the windo
-,
A 'group of li1ac
, with feathery purple bl, o:-:!'oms made a deep, cool shade
where the children sat; and near thcm was an old grindstone, streaked with
rust and worn by many summer::; of sharpening scytbes; a tin dipper hung
on the wooden frame, nearly full of last night's rain, and with some lilac
stars floating in the water.
This was eyidently a favorite playground with the children, for under the
frame of the grindstonc were some corn-cob houses, and a little row of broken
1861-88]
JL1RGARET DELA..XD.
247
bits of china, which their simple imagination transformed into" dishes."
But to-day the corn-cob houses and the dishes were untouched.
.. :x ow, children," Ellen said, "you sit right down and I'll hem' your cate-
chism. "
,. "rho'll hear yours ?" Bobby asked discontentedly. ""hen we play school
you're ahvaJ
s teacher, and it's no fun."
., This isn't playing school, " Ellen answered, skilfully evading the first
question. "Don't you know it's wicked to play on the Sabbath? Kow sit
right down. ..
There was a good deal of her mother's sharpness in the way she said this.
and plucked Bobby by the strings of his pinafore, until he took an uncomfor-
table seat upon an inyerted flower-pot.
Ellen opened a little yellow-covered book and began:
.. Kow answer. Jim. How many kinds of sin are there?"
.. Two, .. responded little Jim.
.. ,rhat are these two kinds, Bob?"
.. Original and actual, .. Bob answered.
"'Yhat is original sin?" asked Ellen, raising one little forefinger to keep
Bobby quiet. This was too hard a question for Jim, and with some stum-
bling Bobby ðuceeeded in saying:
.. It is that sin in which I was conceived and born."
,. Xow, Jim," said ElIen. "you can answer this question, 'cause it's only
one word, and bep:ins with 'y.' "
., No fair! '. cried Bob; "that's telling,"
But Ellen proceeùed to give the question: "Doth original sin whoUy defile
you, and is it suffieient to send you tû hell, though yon had no other sin?"
" Yes!" roared Jim, pleased at being certainly right.
" \rhat are you then by nature?" Ellen weut on rather carelessly, for she
was growing tired of the lesson.
., I am an enemy to God, a child of Satan, and an heir of hell, " answered
Bobby promptly.
., 'Yhat will become of the wicked?" asked the little catechist,
B01)by yawned, and then
aid contemptuously: ,. Oh, skip that.-cast into
hell. of con rsc."
"You onght to answer right." Ellen said reprovingly; but she wa
glad to
give the last quC'
tion, ""
hat will the wieked do forever in hell?"
"They will roar, cnrse, and blaspheme God," said little Jim cheerfully;
while Bobby, to show hi::; joy that the le
soll was done, leaned o,er on his
flower-pot and tried to stand Oll his head, making all the time an unearthly
noise.
., I'm roarin'!" he cried gayly.
Ellen, freed from the rC<3pollsihility of teaching, put the little yellow book
quickly in her pocket and said mysteriously: " Boys, if you won't eyer tell,
I'll tell you something. ..
.. I won't," said Jim, while Bobhy rc
ponded briefly, "G'on."
.. ,r ell, you know when the circus Call1C,-yOU know the pictures on the
fences? "
248
lJIARGARET DELA
VD.
[H361-88
, . Yes! " said the Ii ttle boys together.
"':Uember the beautiful lady, ridin' on a horse, and standin' on one foot? ,.
" Yes!" the others cried, breathlessly.
"'Yell," said Ellen slowly and solemnly, "when I get to be a big girl,
that's what I'm going to be. I'm tired of catechism, and church, and those
long blessÏ1)gs father asks, but most of catechism, so I'm going to run away
find be a circus."
"Father'll catch you," said Jim; but Bobby, with envious depreciation,
added:
" How do you know but what circuses have catechism? "
Ellen did not notice tbe lack of sympathy, ,. And I'm going to begin to
l)ractice now," she
ai<.1.
Then, while her brothers watched her, deeply interested, she took off her
shoes, and in her well-darned little red stockings climbed deliberately upon
the grindstone.
"This is my horse, " shc said, balancing herself, with outðtretched arms,
on the stone, and making it revoh-e in a queer, jerky fashion" by pressing her
fcet on it as though it were a treadmill. ., and it is bare-backed!"
The iron handle came down with a thud, and Ellen lurched to keep from
falling. The boys un wisely uroke into cheers,
It made a prctty picture, the sunbeams sifting through the lilacs on the
little fair heads and dancing over Ellen's white apron and rosy face; but
Irs.
Grier, who had come to the door at the noise of the cheers, did not stop to
notice it. .
" Oh, .vou naughty children!" she cried. "Don't you know it is wicked
to play on the Sabbath? 'El1en's playing circus,' do you say, Bobby? You
naughty, naughty girl! Don't you know circus people are all wicked, and
don't go to heaven when they die? I should think you'd be ashamed! Go
right up-stairs, Ellen, and go to bed; and
ou uoys can each learn a psalm,
and you'll have no supper
either,-do yon hear?"
The children began to cry, but )[1'8. Grier was firm; and when, a little
latf'r, Hclen came clown-stairs, ready for her ride, the house was strangely
quiet.
lrl:5. Grier, really troubled at her chilùren's sinfulness, confided their
nllsdeeds to Helen, and was not soothed by the smile that flashed across her
face.
"They were such good children to study their catechism firí't," she inter-
ceded, "and making a horse out of a grindstone shows an imagination which
might excuse the playing."
But 1\1rs. Grier was not comforted, and only felt the more convinced of the
lost condition of 1\1rs. 'Vard's soul. The conviction of other people's si n is
sometimes a very pleasing emotion, so she bade her guest good-by witb much
cordiality and even IJulled the skirt of her habit straight and gave the gray
a lump of sugar,
1861-88]
RA...lIS.A Y
l[ORRIS.
249
lia nt
a r jtlorrí
.
BOR
ill Xew York, N. Y., 1838.
CLEOPATR
\.
[IX THE METROPOLITAX )lTSEUM OF ART.]
T O-DAY you see me here in !otone-
A pulseless queen,
A sculptor's vain imagining
Of what I've been.
He gave to me a form of grace,
A regal air:
He fashioned me with artist's skill
Bpyond compare,
Yet hath he missed me for all that-
His art is cold;
His chiselled likeness halts at life,
Does not unfold.
I dream in this one attitude
Through all my days,
'Yhile countless eyes pause, where I rest,
'Vith lingering gaze.
Coulll they but see me as I was
In Egypt's land-
:My queenly state, my ehon guards,
)[y armies grand,
The robes which draped my perfect form
"
ith matchless grace,
The gems which flashed on all my limbs-
And, ah, my face!-
That face which conquered Anthony
'Vith potent wile,
'Vhich made me famed from end to end
The golden Nile,-
The eyes which poets sung were stars
Of glorious light,
l,hich wielded power greater far
Than warriors' might!
Oh, sculptor, give me back my life,
To reign once more,
To lead my retinue along
j\\lle's tawny shore.
To finù again my ...\..nthony,
To feel his arms,
To rest secure within their fold
From earth's alarms.
Oh, change me from this icy thing
To living quecn!
I long to show to all the world
"-hat I have been.
Breathe soul into this shapely form,
Heturn my voice:
The multituùe will praise your skill,
And loud rejoice.
Is it not sad that T, who ruled
By beauty's right,
Should vanquishe,1 be by death, and roam
Through ::;tygian night?
I wander, desola.te and lone,
Through midnight lands-
Oh, gÏ\Te me life, and Anthony,
And Egypt's sands.
250
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
[1861-88
'[:1) conore 1Soo
cbC It.
BOR:s" in
ew York, X. Y., 18;:;8.
Hr:XTIXG "OLD EPHR
\Dl."
[Bunting Trips of a Ranclwwn. 188G.]
E ARL Y next morning we werc over at the elk carcass, and, as we expect-
ed, found that the bear had eaten his fill at it during the night. nis
tracks showed him to be an immense fellow, and were so fresh that we doubted
if he had left long before we arriyed
and we made up our minds to follow
him up and try to find his lair. The bears that lived on thcse mountains had
eyidcntIy been little disturbed; indeed, the Indians and most of the white
hunters are rather cbaryof lHeddling with " Old Ephraim," as the mountain-
men !'tyle the grizzly, unless they get him at a disadvantage; for the sport is
fraught with some danger and but small profit. The bears thus seemed t.o
ha\"e yery little fear of harm, and we thought it likely that the bed of the one
who had fed on the elk would not be far away.
:\Iy companion was a skilful tracker, and we took up thc trail at once. For
some di:::bmce it led oyer the soft, Jielùing carpet of moss and pine needles,
and the footprints were quite eaðily made out, although we could follow them
but slowly; for we had, of course, to k('ep a sharp lookout ahead and around
us as we walked noiselessly on in the som,pre half-light always prevailing un-
der thc great pine trees, through whoðc thickly interlacing branches stray but
few beams of light, no matter how bright the sun may bc outside. 'Ye made
no sound ourseh-es, and eyery little sudden noise sent a thrill through me as
I }lecred about with each seuse on thc alcrt. Two or three of the ravens that
we bad scared from the carca
s flew overhead. croaking hoarsely
and the pine
tops moaned and sighed in thc :::light breeze-fur pine trees seem to bc evcr
inlllotioll, no matter how light the wind.
After guing a few hundred yardð the tracks turncd off on a well-beaten
})ath made by the elk; the woods were in luany places cut up by the::,e game-
trails, which had oftcn become as distinct as ordinary foot-paths. The bcast's
footprints were perfectly plain in the dust. and he had lumbered along up
the path until ncar the middle of the hill-side, where thc ground broke away
and thcre were hollows and bowlders. Here thcre had bccn a windfall, and
the dead trees lay among the living, pilcd across one another in all directions;
while between and around tbem sprouted up a thick growth of young spruces
and othcr evergreens. The trail turned off into the tangled thicket, within
which it was almost certain wc would find our quarry. 'Ye could still follow
thc trackf', by the slight scrapeð of the claws on the bark or by the bent and
brokcn twigf;, and we advanced with noiseless caution, slowly climbing ovcr
the dead tree trunkð and upturn cd stump:-:, andllot letting a branch rustIc or
catch on our clothes. 'Yhen in the middle of the thicket we crosscd ""hat was
almost a breastwork of fallen logs, and l\Ierrifield, who was leading, passed
by the upright stcm of a great pine. As soon as he was by it he sank sud-
18Gl-88]
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
251
denly on one knee. turning half round. his face fairly aflame with excitement;
and as I strode past him, with my rifle at the ready, there, not ten steps off,
was the great bear, slowly ri::-:ing from his bed among the young spruces. He
had heard U5. but apparently hardly knew exactly where or what we were,
for he reared up on his haunches sidewuys to us. Then he saw us and dropped
down again on all-fours, the shaggy hair on his neck and shoulders seeming
to bristle as he turned toward us. Ai5 he sank down on his forefeet I had
raised the rifle; his head was bent slightly down, and when I saw the top of
the "hite bead fairly between his small, glittering, evil eyes, I pullefl trigger.
Half rising up, the huge beast fell oyer on his side in the death-throeð, the
ball having gone into his brain, striking as fairly between the eyes as if the
distance had been meai5ured by a carpenter's rule.
The whole thing was over in twenty seconds from the time I caught sight
of the game; indeed, it wa:::; O\-er
o quickly that the grizzly did not have time
to show fight at all or come a :::tep toward us. It wai5 the first I had ever seen,
and I felt not a little proud, a:::; I stood over the great brindled bulk which lay
stretched out at length in the cool shade of the evergreens. He was a mon-
:::;trous fellow, much larger than any I haye seen since, whetheraliye or brought
in dead by the hunteri5. A;:; near as we could estimate (for of conrse we had
nothing with which to weigh more -than yery small portions), he must have
weighe(l about twelve hundred pounds, and, though this is not as large as
some of his kind are
aid to grow in Californi
, it is yet a vf'ry unusual size
for a bear. He was a goud deal heavier than any of our hor:o:es, and it was
with the greatest difficulty that we werE' able to skin him. He must have been
very old, his teeth and clawi5 hcing all \yorn down and blunted; but neyer-
theless he had been living in plenty, for he was as fat ai5a prize-hog, the layers
on his back being a finger's length in thickness. He was still in the summH
coat. his hair being short, and in color a curious brindled brown. somewhat
like that of certain bull-dogs, while all the bears we shot afterward had the
Jon&" thick winter fur, cinnamon or yellowish brown. By the way, the name
of thi::5 bear hað reference to its charader and not to its color, anù should, I
snppose, be properly spelt grisly-in the sense of horrible, exactly as we speak
of a" grisly spectre "-and not grizzly; but perhaps the latter way of spell-
ing it is too well established to be now chunged.
In killing dangerou::-i game, stcadine
s i::, more needed than good shooting.
No game is dangerous unle
s a mall is clo::;e up, for nowadays hardly any wild
bea:o:t will charge frum a distance of a hun(h'ell yanls, but will rather try to run
off; and if a man is close it i::; e:l
Y enongh fur him to shoot ::;traight if he dues
not lose his head. A bear's brain ii5 ahout the size of a pint bottle; and anyone
can hit a pint bottle off-hawl at thirty or forty feet. I have had two shots at
bears at close (pUlrters, and each time I fired into thc brain, the bullet in one
ca::;e striking fairly between the eyes, as told ahove, and in the other going in
between the eye and car. A novice at thi::5 kind of sport will find it bei5t and
safest to keep in mind the ohl X on;e viking's a(hice in reference to a long
sword: "If yuu go in clu::;e cnough your sword will be long enough." If a
}loor shot goes in close enough he will find that he ::-:hootð straight enuugh.
I was very proud over my fir::5t bear; but )!errificld'ð chief feeling seemed to
252
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
[1861-88
be disappointment that the animal bad not had time to show fight. He was
rather a reckless fellow, and very confident in his own skill with the rifle; and
he really did not seem to h
l\-e any more fear of the grizzlies than if they had
been so many jack-rabbits. I did not at all share his feelings, having a hearty
respect for my foes' prowess, and in following and attacking them always took
all possible care to get the chance8 on my side. .Merrifield was sincerely 80rry
that we never had to stand a regular charge; while on this trip we killed fh-e
grizzlies with seven bullets, and except in the case of the she and cub, 1'poken
of further on, each was shot about as quickly
s it got sight of us.
A day or two after the death of the big bear, we went out one afternoon on
horseback, intending merely to ride down to see a great canyon lying some
six miles west of our camp; indeed, we went more to look at the scenery than
for any other reason, though, of course, neither of n
ever stirred out of camp
without his rifle. "
e rode down the valley in which we had camped, through
alternate pine groves and open gladeð, until we reached the canyon, and then
skirted its brink for a mile or so. It was a great chai'm, many miles in length,
as if the table-land had been rent asunder by some terrihle and unknown
force; its sides were sheer walls of rock, risil;g three or four hundred feet
straight up in the air, and worn by the weather till they looked like the tow-
ers and battlements of some ""Vast fortress. Between them at the bottom was
a space, in some places nearly a qnarter of a mile wide, in others very narro".,
through whose middle foamed a deep. rapid torrent of which the
onrces lay
far back among the snow-topped mountains around Cloud Peak. In this yal-
Ie!, dark-green, sombre l)ines stood in grtmps, stiff amI erect; and here and
there among them were groves of poplar and cotton-wood, with slender
branches and tremb]ing leases, their bright green already changing to yellow
in the sharp fall weather. .We went down to where the mouth of the canyon
opened out, and rode our horses to the end of a great jutting promontory of
rock, thrust out into the plain; and ill tbe cold, clear air we looked far on'r
the broad valley of the Big Horn as it lay at our very feet, walled in on the
other side by the distant chain of the Rocky )Iountains.
Turning our hor
es, we rode back along the edge of another canyon-like
Tall(>y, with a Lrook flowing do,,-n its centre, and its rocky sides coyered with
an uninterrupted pine forest-the place of all others in whose inaccessible
wildness and ruggednes
a bear would find a safe retreat. After some time we
came to where other valleys, with steep, gras
-grown sides, co"\ered with sage-
brush, branched out from it, and we followed one of these out. There was
plenty of elk sign about, and we saw several black-tail deer. These lust wrre
very common on tbe mountains, but 'wc had not hunted them at all, as we
were in no need of meat. But this afternoon we came acroSs a buck with re-
markably fine antlerð, and acc9rdingly I shot it, and we fo:topped to cut off
anò skin out the horns, throwing the reins oyer the heads of the horses and
leaving them to graze by thelllsc1ve8, The body lay near the crest of one side
of a deep yalley, or rayine, which headed up on the plateau a mile to our left.
Except for scattered trees and bushes the "\alley was bare; but there was heavy
tim:Jer along the crests of the hi1ls on its opposite side. It took some time to
fix the head properly, ana we were just ending when )IcrrificJd
prang to his
18Gl-8S]
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
53
feet and exclaimed "Look at the bears!" pointing down into the valley
below us. Sure enough there were two bears (which afterwards proved to be
an old she and a nearly full-grown cub) travelling up the bottom of the \al-
ley, much too far off for us to shoot. Gra
ping our rifles and throwing off
our hats we started off as hard as we could run, diagonally down the hilJ-sidc.
so as to cut them off. It Wað ;:;ome little time before they saw us, when they
made off at a lumbering gallop np the valley. It would seem impossible to
run into two grizzlies in the open, but they were going up bill, and we down,
and moreover the old one kept stopping. The cuL would forge ahead and
could probably ba\e escaped us. hut the mother now and then stopped to sit
up on her haunches and look round at us, when the cub would run back to
her. The upshot was that we got ahead of thcm, when they turned and went
traight up one hill-side as we ran straight down the other behind them. By
this time I was pretty nearly done out. for running along the steep ground
through the sage-brush was most exhausting" ork ; and :Merrifield kept gain-
ing on me and was well in front. Just as he di
appearcd oyer a bank, almost
at the bottom of the valley, I tripped oyer a bush and fell full-length. "
hen
I got up I knew I couIa neyer make up the ground] had lost, and besides
could harùly run any longer; )Ierrifield was out of sight below, and the bears
were laboring up the steep hill-!'ide directly opposite and ahont three hundred
yards off, so I
at clown and began to shoot over
Ierrifield'ð head, aiming at
the big bear. She was going yery steadily and in a straight line, and each
bullet sent up a puff of dust where it struck the dry soil, so that I couM keep
correcting m}- aim; and the fourth ball cra
hed into the old bear's flank.
he lurched heavily forward, but recovered herself and reached the timber.
wbile .:\Ic'rrifield, ';110 had put on a spurt, was not far behind.
I toiled up the hill at a sort of trot. fairly gasping an(ll'ohbing for breath;
hut before I got to the to!, I heard a couple of shots anù a shout. The old
hear had turncd a
soon as she was in the timber, and ctlrne toward .:\Ierri-
fic1l1, but he gave her the death-wound by firing into hcr chest, and then shot
at the young one, knocking it over. '''hen 1 came up he \\ as just walking
toward the latter to 1inish it with the rm-oh-er, but it f'ndùcnly jumped up
as ]ively as ever and made uff at a great pace-for it was nearly full-grown.
It was imphssihle to fire where the tree trunks were so'thick, hnt there was a
small opening across which it wonld h<lye to pas:-:. and collecting all}})y ener-
gies I made a last rnn, gut into positiun, and covercd the opening with my
rifle. The instant the bear appeared I fired, and it turned a dozen somer-
sault
down-hill, rolling over and over: the ball had struck it m:ar the tail
and had ranged forward through the hollow of the hody. Each of us had thus
given the fatal wound to the bear into which the other had fired the fir
t 1ml-
let. The rnn, though short, had iie'en yery sharp, and O\.er such awful conn-
try that we were eomplctel,v fagged out. and l'ould hardly spcak for lack of
breath. The
un had alreadv Sf't. am1 it was too late to skin the animals: SI)
Wl' merelvclre
sC'd them , cau:rht the l )onie
-with some trouble., for the,' we're
frightened at the smell of the hear's blood on our hands-and rode home
through the darkening woods. X ext day \ve brought the teamster and two of
the steadiest pack-hor
é
to the carcasses, and took the ðkiuð into camp.
254
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
[1861-88
C'IYIL SERYICE EXAJIIX
\ TIO:XS.
[Sixth Report of the [
. S. Ciz'il Service Commi.s.sion. 1889.]
I T is not contended that the system is ideally perfect; no go\ernmental
methods are. From time to time there have been shown certain defects
in the working of the ci,-il service law and rules, though most of these defects
already have been, and it is believed that the majority of the remainder soon
will he, remedied. But it is most emphatically contended that the merit sys-
tem shows to very great advantage when compared with any other, whether
actual or proposed; and this is especially the case when the comparison is
made with the patronage system, which it is now slowly but surely sup-
planting. The fundamental propo
ition of the new system is that every
American citizen has a right to serve the public (provided that his services
are needed) if on his merits he Ü; aùle to show that he i$ the man most capable
of filling the position he seeks, and all he is required to <10 is to show this su-
perior capacity in fair competition with other American citizens, In other
words, the system is one of COlllmon honesty and of fairplayfor all, and there-
fore it is essentially American and essentially democratic. The object of the
law is to give to the m'eragc .American citizen what it takes away from the
profei'sional politician. How little this objpet is undel'ðtood hy some men in
public life may be gathere<1 from recent propo
als to p.ueel out all the offices
among the different Congressional districts according to the political faith of
the Congressmen representing them. This would, of course, simply mean a
revival of the patronage system, with all added touch of chaos. It is appar-
ently brought forward in the simple faith that all that is needed i
to divide
the offices among the politicians of both parties instead of among those of only
one, and ignores the yery common-sense view, which insists that the offices
are not the property of the politicians at all. whether of one party or of the
other or of both; but. on the contrary, that tlwy belong to the peopl<.>, and
should be filled only with reference to the needs of the public service.
It seems worth while to answer one or two of the accusations often brought
ngainst the merit system by its opponents. These accusations have been so
ince
santly repeated
ult lUany people have finally come to belieye them.
One of these accusations is that the examinations are of such a character
as to fa yor "boys fresh from school" at the expen
e of men of maturer age,
experience, and capacity. This is simply incorrect. In the last report of the
Commiðsion full tables bearing on the su hj<.>et arc given. By the
e it is shown
that nearly two thirds of the applicant;:; for examination succeeded in pass-
ing, and that of those passing about two fifths are appointed, the figures
proving, by the way, that those that have had a good common-school educa-
tion do about as wcll as those who have graduated from college. .\ glance at
these tables shows that the averuge age of tho
e pa
sillg the examinations for
the ordinary governmental positions, such as clerk, copyist, letter-carrier,
and the like, is about twenty-eight years. In other words, the examinations
for these positions are especially suiteù, not to school-boys, 1JUt to men in the
}H'ime of life, with experience of the world, who haye left school for at l<.>ast
1861-88]
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
255
ten years. The most common accusation, however, is that the examinations
are" scholastic," or of an " impractical" character; that, as is often asserted,
the Commission does not give practical tests. but ask
que
tions "about the
sciences," 01', at leas:t, on irrclcyant subjects. All such statements as the
e
are without foundation: and if those who make them do so in good faith it is
onlv because they haye not taken the trouble to ascertain the facts. As a
matter of fact, sl;ecial care is taken to have the examinations as practical in
character as possible, and to test each candidate on precisely those subjects
demandod by the character of the work in the branch of the service to which
he is seeking admission. The Commission strongly objects to irrelC\-ant ques-
tions, and surely there can be no questions more irrelevant to a man's duties
as clerk or Jetter-carrier than are inquiries as to how he voted at the la::;t elec-
tion and how strong his political backing is; and these are precisely the ques-
tions that many of the men who thus object to the examinatioll5 as "imprac-
tical '. are in reality desirous of asking.
Examinations are held for scores of different place's. and for each place ap-
propriate tests arc provided. Thus, it is necessary for an assistant chemist to
know something of chemii'try, and for an a
sistant astronomer to know some-
thing of a
tronomy; and applicants for such positions are questioned :lCcord-
ing1y.
\.. would-be stenographer and type-writer is examined in stenogrnphy
and type-writing. But the great bulk of applicants-probably over 90 per
cent.-apply for positions as elerk, copyist, letter-carrier, and the like; and
the examinations for these po.;;:itions arc those by which the system can best be
tested, For each of these positions there i=, a plain, practical. common-sense
examination, such as would appear to the average intelligence to be best
suited to find out the men who possess ill the highest degree the qualities
needed. A copyist is examined on but four subjects-spelling, penmanship,
elementary arithmetic, and copying from dictation, from plain copy, and
from a rough draft. His duties as a copyist make it necessary fur him to
Fpe11 well, tu write a good legible hand, to solve simple problems in arithmetic,
and to make a clear, neat-looking copy of a first draft of a letter which is tilled
with interlineations and erasures; and accordingly these four points are the
"Very ones on which he is examined, A clerk'::; examination Í::; a little harder,
for besides the above-mentionell subjects he is required to show that he can
write an intelligent letter on some given topic, that he can turn ungram-
matical sentences into good English, that he knows how to keep acconnt
,
and finally that he knows something of United btates geogmphy. goyern-
ment. and history. Every question. except the last, has a direct bearing up-
on the duties to which the clerk will ùe put as soon as he has been appointed.
The only objection that can possibly be made is to the questions about the
geography and history of the IT nited States (and no other questions are asked
in history and geograpllY): hut these combined never count for more than 5
per cent. in the examination, ::;0 that an applicant need not answer them at
all, and may yet attain an average of 95 per cent. .Morco'-er, these questions
are a test of a man's general intelligence. Every good American citizen ought
to possess a rudimentary knowledge of his country's hiðtory, geography, anù
government.
256
JAMES BENJA JILY J{ESYO
V.
[1861-88
Examinations for all the ordinary minor positions are based upon the two
for clerk and copyist, some of the qnestions being dropped and others sub-
stituted in each case, according to the character of the "\York in the special
place applied for. Thus, a letter-carrier has to show good knowledge of the
local geography of his ,'icinity-its railway stations, big commercial build-
ings, and the like. Or, again, a railway mail-clerk has to show acquaintance
with the railway systems of his State and section, and to make it evident that
be can read off a large number of addresses with speed and accuracy.
Such are fair samples of the tests applied to the great majority of the can-
didates who come before the examining boards: and if questions on the points
indicated above are not practical and pertinent to the duties of the position
sought for, then it would be hard to know what questions are.
j;autcSJ 1ðcnjal1tín ItcnrOtt.
Bon", in Frankfort, Herkimer Co., X. Y., 185
.
SOXG OF TIlE XOTITH WIXD.
[In Realms of Gold. It'
j.]
H ARK to the voice of me!
Hear thou the singing
Of him 'who has never
Bern Vaid fOl' his song!
This is the choice of me,
Still to go ringing
The rhymes that forever
Are surly and strong.
Shag-hearded mountains;
Deeps that no star seeks:
Strange lights that solar he-
These I have 1mown.
Know'st thou the regions cold
'Vhence I have hasted?
Know'st thou the way I take
Over the earth?
Still stand the legends old-
Ice-kings un wasted-
Fending the frigid lake
Where I had birth.
}Iell fear the breath of me;
Sorrow and anguish,
Famine and fever
Follow my path.
I am the death of thee;
I make thee languish;
Swiftly I sever
Love's ties in my wrath.
Frost-banded fountains
Snow-fed from far peaks;
Firths of the polar sea
Rigid as stone;
Chains cannot hold me,
GY\Tes cannot bind me,
Bolts cannot lock me,
Floods cannot dro,",n!
Fly-amI I fold thee;
Hide-and I find thee;
Cry-and I mock thee;
Ho\\ ling thee down!
1861-88]
EDGAR EVERl'SO.N K4Ll'US.
257
QUATR
\I
.
S HE would 110t stir a single jetty lash
To hear me praised; but when my life was blamed
Her parian cheeks were kindled like a flash,
Anù from her heart a sudden love upflamed.
REQUIESCAT.
S HE sleeps, and may her peaceful rest
"L n hroken be;
The flowers that nod above her breast
She cannot see;
To warbling bird, to purling brook,
Deaf are her ears;
Sealed is the T"olume of the book
Of her brief years.
So let her rest; she will not heed
The tales they tell;
She recks not now of worù or deed-
She slumbers well,
cngar ebcrtøon
altuø.
BORN in New York. :N. Y., 1858.
.A )IAID OF )[oDER
ATIIEXS.
[A Transient Guest, and ()fher Episodes. 1
1:;g.]
" I T was this way, " she said, and as sbe spoke she stooped and flicked a
speck of dust from her habit. "It was this way: The existence which J
lead in the minds of other people is absolutely of no importance whatever.
K ow wait: I care a great deal whether school keeps or not, but in caring I try
chiefly to be true to myself. I may stumble; I may not. In any event I seek
the best. As for the scandal of which you speak. that is nonsense. There is
no criterion. That which is permissible here is inhibited yonder, and what
is permissible yonder is inhibited here. Scandal, indeed! "
There was something about her that stirred the pulse. She was fair; the
sort of girl who
c photograph is an abomination, and yet in whose face and
being a charm re
id('s. a charm intangible and coercive, inciting to better
things. A J oun of ..Arc in a tailor-made gown.
"You remember how it was when we were younger- You-well, there is
no use in going into that. You had a mother to think for you; I had no one.
I had to solve problems unassisted. The weightiest of all was marriage, and
that, in my quality of heiress, I found perplexing to a degree. But how is it
po
sible, I asked myself, how can a girl pledge her life to a man of whom she
knows absolutely nothing? For, practically speaking, what does the average
girl know of the man whose name she takes? It may be different in the coun-
try; but in town! Listen to me; a girl' comes out,' as the saying Ü;: she meets
a number of men, the majority of whom are more or less agreeable and wel1-
VOL. XI.-17
258
EDGAR EVERTSO.N SALTUS.
[1861-88
bred-when she is present. But what arc they when she is not? At dinners
and routs, or when she recei,es them in her own house, they are at their best;
if they are not they stay away. It i
not so difficu1t to be agreeable once in
awhile, but to be so alway
i
a question not of mask but of nature. It seems
to me that when an intelligent woman admires her brother it is becanse that
brother is really an admirahle man. IIas she not every opportunity of judg-
ing? But what opportunity is gi\>en to the girl wbom a man happens to take
in and out at dinner, or whom she sees for an hour or two now and then? You
must admit that her facilities are slight. That was the way it was with me,
and that was the way I fancied it would continue to be, and I determined
that it was better to remain spinster forever than to take a mall 011 trust and
find that trust misplaced. Suspicious? X 0, I am not suspicious. 1\
hen your
husband bonght this property did you think him suspicious because hc had
the title searched? Y cry good; then perhaps you will tell me that tbe mar-
Tiage contract is lcss important than the conveyance of real estate? Bcsides,
my doubts on the subject of }O\'e would have defied a catalogue. ,rhen I read
of the follies and transports of which it wps reported to be the prime factor,
I was puzzled. It seemeù to me that I had cither a fibre more or a fibre leEs
than other girls, I could not comprehend. No man I had ever met-and cer-
tainly I had met many-had e,er caused me so much as a fleeting emotiun.
There were men with whom I found speech agreeablc and argumcnt a pleas-
ure, but, bad they worn frocks instead of trousers, such enjoyment as I ex-
perienced would have been unimpaired. You see, it was purely mental. ...\.nd
when-there, I remember one man in partIcular. Ai3 Rtella said of Swift, he
could talk beautifully about a broomstick. He knew the rea
on of things;
J1e was up in cuneiform inscriptions and at home with meteorites; he was
1lot prosy, and, what is more to the point, he never treated a subject as though
it werc a matter of life and death. He was not bad-looking, either, and he was
the only man of my acquaintance who both understood Kant and got his coats
from Poole. That man I liked very much. He was better than a hook, I
could ask him questionð, a thing you can't do even of all encyclopædin, OllC
fine day the personal})ronoun cropped out. "
e had been discus:sing Her-
bert Spencer's theory of conceiY!lbility, and abruptly, with an inappo::;itcness
which, now I think of it, would have been admirable on the stage, but which
in the drawing-room was certainly misplaced, he asked me to take a walk with
him down the aisle of the swellest church in the commonwealth. I mourned
his loss, as we say. But wasn't it stupid of him? But what does get into men?
Why should they think that, becauðe a girl is libCl'al with odd nm1Ïngs, she
is pining for the marriage covenant?"
'Vith the whip she held she gave tbe hem of her habit a sudden lash.
"That episode ga\'e me food for thought. H.m. By-and-by the scene was
occupied by a young man who was an authority on orchids, and wrote sonnets
for the" Interstate, '. :My dear, a more gui1efullittle wretch never breathed.
'Yhen my previous young man dit::appeared, I felt that I had been hasty. I
desired nothing so much as an increase in my store of knowlcdge, and I de-
termined that if another opportnnity occurred I would not be in such a hurry
to :::hnt the door on entertaining dcyelopmcnts. Conselluently, WhCll my poet
1861-88]
EDGAR EVERTSON SAL1T;S
259
turned up I was as demure as you please. He was a fox, that man. He began
with the fixed purpose of irritating me into liking him. The tactics be dis-
})layed were unique. He never came when I expected him, and when he did
come he was careful to go just when he thought he bad scored a point. If any
other man happened in, he first eclipsed him and then left him to me. I saw
through tbat game at once. He understood perfectly that if I preferred the
other man I was all the more obliged to him for going, and if I preferred him
to the other man I was the sorrier to see him leave. III addition to this, what-
ever subject I broached, he led it by tangential flights to Loye. That )Iaehi-
ayelli en lierbe knew that to talk love is to make love. And talk of love he did.
but in tbe most impersonal manner. To hear him descant you would have
thought 11Ïs wings were sprouting. Loye, as he expressed it, was asentiment
which ennobled every other; a purifying and exalting light. It was tIle most
gracious of despots. It banished the material; it beckoned to the ideal. It
turned satiety into a vagabond that had not where to lay its head, It was the
reduction of the world, creation, and all the nniverse to a single being. It
wa::; an enchanted upland, inhibited to the herd. It was a chimera to the yul-
gar, a crown to the refined. 'A perfect Im-er,' he r-:aid, 'Illu::;t needs be an
aristocrat.' And if you win bclieye me, I actually thought he meant what he
said. In spite of myself, I was becoming interested. There were new hori-
zons before me. I seemed to discern something hitherto Ullfo:eeu. .:\Iy dear,
for the moment I felt myself going. I was at the foot of his enchanted up-
land. I was almost willing to take him for guide. At first I had been merely
amused, Once, even, when he quoted the' Two souls with but a single
thought,' I suggested that that must mean but half a thought apiece. The
(lUlet cliguity which be then displayed almost fetched me. lie had the air of
a prelate in whose presence an oaf has trampled on a crucifix. He kept up
that sort of thing for two months. To me his sincerity was beyond perad-
venture. Not once did he speak in a personal way. I was beginning to won-
der when he would stop beating about the bush; aud I not I)nly wondered, I
believe I even wished that he would be a little more enterpriðing and a trifle
less immaterial. Presently I detected a symptom or two which told me that
the end of the beginning was in sight. I suppose my manner was more en-
couraging, In any event, one evening he took my hand and kissed it. From
nine-and-ninety men out of a InuHlred I shoulil haye thought nothing of such
a thing. In Europe it is an empty homage, a pantomime expres:,i ve of thanks.
As I say, then, in allY other man I should not have given it a second tl1Ought,
hut he had never clone it before,
"The next day I lunched with )Irs. Bunker Hill. I mentioned his name;
I suppose it was running in my mind. ..Ana then, my dear, Fanny began.
'Yell, the things she told llle about that transcendental young man were of
!'llch a nature that when he next called I was not at home. lIe came again, of
COllr
e. And again. lIe sent me a note, which I retnrned unolJl>neù. That.
I confe
!', 'was a foolish thing to do. It :-:l1owe(] him that I was annoyed, I
might better have left it unan
wered. ..LUter all. there is nothing so impene-
trable as silence. Finally, he got one of his friends to come and recoUllOitre.
Indeed, he did not desist until I had all opportunity uf cutting him dead. I
260
EDGAR EVERT
OY SALTU8.
[18Gl-88
was angry, I admit it. And it ,,'as after that little e
perience that I deter-
mined, the next time I felt myself going, I would make sure beforehand
where I was going to. !I'm. I wonder what his sister thought of him. You
see, it was not that I had fallen in love; the word was as unintelligible to me
as before, but I had fancied that, through him, I might intercept some ink-
ling of its meaning, and I was l)ut out at having been tricked. Ad,,! diese
Jlänner! "
Beneath descending night the sky ,,'as gold-barred and green. In the east
the moon glittered like a sickle of tin. The air was warm and freighted with
the odors of August. You could hear the crickets hum, and here :md there
was the Fpark of a fire-fl.}' gyrating inlool)s of flame. From across the mead-
ows came the slumbrous tinkle of a bell.
She raised a glo\ed hand to her brow and looked down at the yellow road.
To one 'who 10\ec1 her, the TIden for whom the war of the world was fought
was not so fair as she. And presently the hand moved about the brow, and,
resting a second's space on the coil just above the neck, fell again to her side.
,,"
ell," she continued, ., ,'ou can see how it was, Even before the illusion,
disillusionment had come, .That winter I went with the Bunker Hills to
Monaco, "
ere it not for the riff-raff, that place would be a paradise in duo-
decimo. ',e had a yilla, of course. One e\ening, shortly after our arrival, we
went to tlw Casino. For the fun of the thing I put some money on the Trente
et Quarante. I did nothing but win. It was tiresome; I would rather have
lost; I had to speak to the denIer, and that, as you can fancy, was not to my
liking. There was a great crowd, One littÍe old woman put money wherever
I did, She won a lot, too. But one man, whom I could not help noticing,
backed rcd when I was on black, and vice Yersa. lIe did it persiðtentl}, in-
tentionally, and he lost e\er)' time. Finally one of the croupiers told me that
my stake was abo\e the maximum, and asked how much I would ri
k. I was
tired of answering his questions, aud I turned away. A lackey followed me
with a saher co"Vered with gold aud notes-the money I had won. I didn't
want it; I had not even a pocket to put it in, and the purse which I held in
my hand woulù not have held a fraction of it. It was a nuisance. I turned it
over to Bunker, and presently we all went out on the terrace that o\erhangs
the sea. It ,,:IS a perfect night. In the air was a caress, and from the Medi-
terranean came a tonic. "
hilc I was enjoying it all, a beggar ambled up on a
crutch and begged a franc. I took from Bunker the money I had won and
gave him thirty thousand. You should ha\c heard Bunker then. I actually
helieye that if I had been his wife instead of his guest he would have struck
me. I suppose it was an aùsurd thing to do. But thc next time you arc in
search of a new sensation, do somethiu.2" of the same sort. The beggar be-
came transfigured. He looked at the gold and notes, and then at me. I do
not think I shall e,-er forget the expression in his face. Did you ever see a
child u:31eel'-a child to whom some wonderful dream Ims come? It was at
once infantilf' and radiant, And all the while Bunker wa::l abusing me like a
pickpocket. The heggar gaye me one look, dropped on his knees, caught the
hem of my skirt. hissed it, threw awaybis crutch, and ran. I burst out lau
h-
ing, and Bunker, in spite of his rage, burst out laughing too. Fanny called
1861-88]
EDGAR ErERTSOX 8ALTUl{
261
11S a pair of idiots. and said that if I was as lavish as thnt it "Would be better
anù wiser, and far more Christian. to keep my money for indigent and de-
:;:erying Bostonese than to bestow it as a premium on ::\Ionacean vice and ef-
frontery, Just as she was working herself into big words and short sentenC'es,
the man whom I had noticed at the tables came along. He had met her be-
fore, and now, as he expressed it, he precipitated himself to renew the ex-
}Jression of his homage, Fanny, after introducin
him to me, began at once
on the talc of my mi
conduct. He had a complexion of the cream-tint order,
and a lllustache blackrr than hate, He was a Florentine, I discovered, a
marquis with a name milde up of ,"s, sonorous o's, and n's. 'Ye had found a
table, and Bunker ordered some ices. The night was really so perfrct, and
the ice so good, that, like Mme. de Staël over her sherbet in moonlit Venice,
I almost wished it were a sin to sit there. The marqui:'3 was in very good form
and inclineù to do the devoted on the slightest provocation.
" 'Is mademoiselle,' he askeù me, 'is mademoi:5elle as disùainful of the
heart as she is of gold? '
." Absolutely,' I answerrd-a remark which may baye sounded snobbish,
but still was wholly true.
.. , Ah!' he exclaimed, 'there are birds that do not sing untaught.'
." You are beginning well,' I thought.
.. The next day be lunched with us, and came again in the evening, In aù-
dition to his marquisate, he had a fll1ty tenorino voice: what they call a voix
de salon, He sang all sorts of things for us, and he sang them very well.
'Yhen the air "as lively he looked at Fanll
, when it was
entimental he
looked at me. Thereafter I sa w a great deal of him. One day we "Would make
np a party for Kice, on another we would go to San Remo, or else back in the
mountains, or to Grasse. Of cour:,e, a:-; you know, customs o,er there are
such that he had no opportunity of heing alone with nl(', eyen for a second;
but be had an art of making love in public which must have been the result
of long practice, It was both open and discreet. It was not in words; it was
in the inflection of the voice and in the paying of the thousand awl one little
attentions which foreigners perforlll so well. Xow, to me, a tiara lllight be
becoming. but it is an ornament for which I have never felt the vaguest cov-
etousness. )lOl'eover, I had no intention of marrying an Italian, howe\er
fabulous the ancestry of that Italian might he. And, besides, the attentions
of which I was the aÌJparent object wrr
, I knew. a<1dres::;cd les:; to me than
to the blue eyes of my check-Look, The :Florentine nobleman who is dispoæcl
to marry a dowerle
s American is yet to be heard from. This Ly the way.
Howeyer, I accepted the attentions with becoming grace, and marked the
cunning of bi
tricks. One evening he did not put in an appearance, but at
midnight, I heard, on the road before my window. the tinkle of a guitar. I
did not nef'd to peer through the curtains to know from whom it came. Fir
t
he sang a song of Tosti's, and then the screnade from' Don Paslluale':
'Com' è gentil. la notte in me?z' .\prilc.
* *
* * *
Poi qnanùo sarò morto, tn piangerai,
::\Ia rito]"narmi in ,ita, tu non potrai.'
262
EDGAR EVERTSON SALl'US.
[1861-88
Sentimental? Yes, sentimental to the last degree. But on the Riviera, in
spring, and at night, one's fancy turns to that sort of thing with astounding
ease. I listened with unalloyed pleasure. It was like a Boccaccian echo. AmI
as I listened I wondered whether I should ever learn what love might be. The
idea of taking a course of lessons from a mall who strummed on a guitar in
front of my window neyer entered my head. The next day Fanny came to me
in a state of grcat excitement, The guitarist, it appeared, had, with all proper
and due formality, asked leave to place his coronet at my feet. Ce que j'ai ri!
"Y ou can hear Fanny from here. She accuseù me of flirting with the man.
, You have no right,' she saiù, 'to treat him as though he were a college boy
at )It. Desert.' "That he had dune to make her so vicious I never discovered.
It must have been the title; a title always went to her head. Poor Fanny!
That evening, wben he came, she declined to he present. I had to see him
alone. .:\fy dear, he was too funny. He had prepared a little speech which
he got off vcry well, only at the end of it he lapsed into English. "Y e will
loaf,' he
aid, 'we will be always loafers.' He meant, of course, to assert that
we should love and he al ways lovers, but the intricacies of our pronunciation
were too much for him. I could bave died, it was so amusing. I managed,
however, to keep a straight face, ')Iarquis,' I said, 'I am deeply honored,
but your invitation is one that I am unable to accept.' A more astoullllell
Ulan you never saw. He really thought that he had but to ask, and it would
be given. He declined to take No for an answer. He said he would wait.
Actually, he was so pertinacious that I had to drag Fanny up to Paris. He
followed us in the next train. rrhere was no getting rid of him at all. If he
sent me one note he sent me a hundred, and notes ten pages each, at the, ery
least. Finally, as you heard, be tried the dramatic. One afternoon. while I
was out shopping, he brihed a waiter at the hotel where we lodged. "\rhen I
returned, there he was, waiting for me, 'At last,' he cried, · at last we are
face to face. You think I do not love. Cruel one, beholù me! I love as no
mortal ever loved before. See, I die at yonI' feet!' And there, before my very
eyes, he whipped out a pistol, pulled the trigger, tumbled oyer amI seemed
fully disposed to carry out the programme to the end. He had shot himself;
there was no doubt about that; but he had shot himself in such an intelli-
gent manner that, though thcre was blood cnough to frighten it
ensitive
young person out of her wits, yet of danger there was none at all. Talk to
me aboll t comedians!
"It was after that episode that I returned to Beacon street. It was there
that what you are pleased to call the scandal began. Fanny, whose desire to
marry me off was simply epic, one day caught an Englishman; young. so she
said, and good-looking.
\nd that Englishman, she made up h('r mind, I
should ensnare. Fanny, as yon know, was possessed with an ungratified de-
sire to pay annual visits to swell country houses on the other side. Hence, I
up-
pose, her efforts. Having caugh t the Englishman, the next step was to sene
him up in becoming form. To that end she gave a tentative dinner. I got to
it late; in fact, I wa::; the last to arrive. Fanny, I could see, was in a state of
feverish excitement. She presented to me one or two men, whose names I
did not catch, and a moment later one of them gave me his arm. "\rhl.'n we
18ûl-88j
EDGAR EVERTJ:jO-,-Y SALT{;
S.
263
were seated at table, and while he was sticking a chrysanthemum in bis but-
ton-bole, I glanced at the card on bis plate. It bore for legend Lord Alfred
Harrow. It was then I took my first look at him. )ly ùear, he was the ugliest
man I have ever seen; he was so ugly that he was positively attractive, His
mouth was large enough to sing a duet, but his teeth were whiter than mine."
As she spoke she curled her lips.
"There was no hair on his face, and his features were those of a middle-aged
wizard. But about him was the atmosphere of health, of I;trength, too, and his
bauds, though bronzed and sinewy, were perfect. I knew he was a thorough-
bred at once. 'And how do you like the States?' I asked. He was squeez-
ing some lemon on an oyster, and I noticed that when some wbite wille was
offered him he turned the glass upside down. 'Very much,' he answered;
· and you?' There was more of that sort of thing, and finnlly I asked him if,
like other Engliðhmen, he thought that BO:'3ton suggested one of hi:; provin-
cial towns. 'There seems to be some mistake,' be said, 'I lras going into
the Somerset fh e minutes ago wbell Hill corralJed me. He told me that his
wife was giving a dinner, and that at tbe last moment one of the bidden bad
wired to tbe effect that be was prevented from coming, "
hereupon )Irs.
Hill bad packed him off to tbe club, with instructions to bring back the first
man he met. I happened to be that man.' He took up the card. 'Lord Al-
fred is, I fancy, the delinquent. )Iy name, , be added, 'is )Ir, Stitt-Ferris
Btitt,' he continued, as though apologizing for its inconsequence.
.. After that we got on famously. In a day or two he came to the house.
'fhell he left the world was larger. He knew nothing about poetr
. He bad
never so much as beard of Fichte. Herbert Spencer was to him a name and
nothing more. The only works of ornamelltalliterature which he
eemed to
have read were the ....\.rabian Kights, whicb be had forgotten, and something
of Dicken
, which had put him to sleep. He did not know one note of music
from another. But he had hunted big game in Africa, in Bengal. and he had
penetrated Thibet. He had been in Iceland and amung the CariIJ::i. K 0 car-
pet-knight was he.
" :\Iy dear, I had not seen him five times before I felt myself going. I think
he knew it. But I had been cheated before, and so well that I helù on with nIl
my strength. ',hile I was holding on, he disappeared. Xot a word, not a
line, not even so much as a p. p. c, In the course of time, through the merest
accident, I learned that he was in Yucatan. Six months later I caught a
glimpse of him in the street. Pre
ently he calleù.
"At once, without so much as a preamble, he told me he had gone away
that in absence he might learn whether I was as dear to him as he thought.
lIe hesitated a moment. '''
ill you let me love you?' he asked. ' You have
been prudent, , I answered; 'let me be prudeut, too.' Then I told him of my
clisenchantmentð. I told him how difficult I found it to di
coT"er what men
really were, I told him, as I haye told you, that it seemed to me, if au intel-
ligent girl admired her brother, it was because that brother was a:-snreclly an
admirable man. And I added that I would accept no man until I had the
same opportunities of judging him as a sister has of judging her brother. Be-
sides, I said, I hR\e yet to know what love may be. It was then that we made
264
EDGAR EVERTSO
Y SALTUS.
[ 1861-88
the agreement of which you disapprove. After all, it was my own snggcs-
tion, and, if unconventional, in what does the criterion consi
t? I was acting
for the best. You do not imagine, do you, that I regret it?"
And to her lips came a smile.
,. I took )lary, who, you must admit, it! respectability personified, and
whom I had long since elevated from nurse to sheep-ùog-I took :1\1ary, and,
together, all three of U::;, we went abroad. It is in travelling that you get to
know a man. Each e\"ening, when he said good-night, my admiration had
increased. :From England, as you know, we went straight to India. It was a
long trip, I had heard, but to me it seemed needlessly brief, During the en-
tire journey I studied him as one studil'::) a new science. I watched him a::; a
cat watches a mouse, Not once did he do the slightest thing that jarred,
During the entire journey he did not so much as attempt to take my hand in
his. He knew, I suppose, as I l\.new, that if the time ever came I would give
it unasked.
One evening, on going to my stateroom, I found I had left my vinaigrette
on deck. :Mary was asleep. I "'ent back for it alone. It was very dark. On
the way to where I had sat I heard his voice; he wað talking to one of the pas-
senger
, In spite of mysclf I listened to what he was saying. I listcned for
nearly an hour. :y ot one word was there in it all that he could not have said
to me. "
hen I got back to my cabin I wondered whether it might not be that
he knew I was standing there. Yes, I admit, I ,,-as suspicious; but circum-
stances had made llle so. Oh, he has forgiven me since."
She smiled again complacently to herself, and, tucking the whip under h('r
arm, l:ihe drew off a glove. On one finger was a narrow circle of golù. She
looked at it and raised it to her lips.
"'Vhen we landed our journey had practically begnn. Yon see, I was
tin
unassured. Yet he was irreproachable and ever the same. 'VeIl, the details
are unimportant. One day, at Benares, he hearù that leopards had heeu seen
in the neighborhood of a lake some fifteen or twenty miles out. At once he
was for ha\-ing a crack at them. I determined to accompany him. lIe was
surprised at first, and objected a little, but I managed, as I ui'ually do, to have
my own way. It was night when we got there. "
e left the horses with the
guide, and, noiselessly as ghosts, we stole through a coppice which hid the
Jake from view. Almost at the water's edge we crouched and waited. The
stars were white as lilies and splendid as trembling gems. The silence was
as absolute as might. Ho,,- long we waite<.l I cannot now recall. I think I
dreamed a bit with open eyes. Then ùimly I became conscious of something
mO"\ ing in the distance. The moon ha<.l risen like a balloon of gold, and in the
air was the scent of sandal. Slowly, with an indolent grace of its OWll, that
something neared the oppo::;ite shore. As it reached the ,,'ater it stopped,
arch cd its back, and turned. I i"aw then that it was a leopard. :Ko, mJ dear,
you can form no idea of the heautyof that beast. And thcn suddenly it threw
its head back and called. It lappetl the water, and tlwn with its tongue gave
its fore paw oue long, lustrou:::; lick, and called ag-ain; a call that wns echole::;s.
yet so resonant I felt it thrill my finger-tips. In a moment its mate sprang
from the shadows. If the first comer \\ as beautiful, then this one was the
1861-88]
CHARLES IIENRY LÜDERS.
265
ideal. There they stood, caressing each other with amber, insatiate eyes. It
was like a scene in fairyland. And as I watched them I felt a movement at
my side. I turned. He had taken aim and was about to fire, but, as I turned,
he turned to me. Those beasts, I tolù myself, are far too fair for death; yet
I said not a word. JHy dear, he read my unuttered wish, he lowered the gun,
and then-then, for the tirst time, I knew what love might be. . . . There's
the dog-cart now. Come over and dine to-morrow. If you care to, Ferris will
show you the gun. "
([l)arlc
t
C1tr
lLüi)cr
.
BORN in Philadelphia, Penn., 1858.
F AR
I FRCIT::5.
[Hallo, .11Iy Fancy.' By C. II. L. and ,.,. D. S.. Jr. 188ì.]
A LITTLE ancient man-who wore
A tall hat, many scasons o'er
Its days of shining,
Anù made to fit his shrunken head
With padding of bandanna, red,
'Vithin the lining-
Came often down the dusty road
"
hich passed the door of our abode;
.And sometimes tarricd
To sell the swept farm fruit that lay
'Yithin a basket lined with hay,
The which he carried.
I shal1 not soon forget his face,
Perspiring from the sturdy pace
He ever travelled;
Nor that primeval waistcoat, which
Seemed wholly formed of patch and
stitch,
)Iuch frayed and ravelled.
In spring-time, when the violets peeped
Through tears in which thcir cyes were
steeped
Each dewy morning,
He heard the wood-thrush tune his throat
L"p to one high delirious note,
All rivals SCOruillg.
In autumn, WhCll his worn hat-brim
Caught the gay leaves that fell on him,
He brought ripe apples,-
Great goldcn "Bell-flowers "-rubbed so
bright
They :;ecmed to hold the rich noon-light
In mellow dapples.
I wonder if hc walks to-day
The Cl'oss-tics of the iron way
Through Olney running?
If now, along the" O. & .:\1.,"
On Satunlays he wcarcth thcm-
Those clothes so 'stunning'?
Haply; an',.l yet more likely 'tis
That Life-bcing done with him nnd
his-
Long since forsook him.
And that. while I a trihute pen,
His neighbors scarce remember when
Death overtook him.
266
OHARLES HENRY LÜDERS.
[1861-880
AN OLD THOUGHT.
FRA
IED in the cavernous fi.re-place sits a boy,
'Vatching the embers from his grandsire's knee:
One sees red castles rise, and laughs with joy;
The other marks them crumble, silently.
THE TRY
T.
B LO'V! winds, and break the blossoms;
Part! clouds that hide the sun;
For the timid feet of a maiden sweet
Adown the valley run.
The thorn of the wild rose wounds bel';
The hem of her skirt is torn
'Vhere the cool gray dew has wet it through
'Vith the tears of a summer morn,
No foot is heard to follow;
No eye her path may see;
There is no ear her steps to hear
As she hastens unto me.
o wild, sweet banks of roses!
o fragrant fields of dew!
)Iy darling's kiss is more, I wis,
Than a thousand leagues of you!
THE
IOe
TEIJ3AXKS.
O VER our heads the branches made
A canopy of woven shade.
The birds about this beechen tent
Like deft attendants came and went.
A shy wood-robin, fluting low,
Furnished the music for the show.
The cricket and the grasshopper
A portion of the audience were.
Thither did Fancy leap to fling
Light summersaults arounù the ring.
'Vit, the sly jester of the Town,
And rustic Humor played the clown.
Reason was ringmaster, and waved
His whip when these his anger braved.
'Vishes ,,'ere horses that each rode
L"nto his heart's desire's abode.
There Laughter and Delight and Glee
Performed their parts that all might see
Till a sweet wind across tbe clover
'Vhispered: ".\.1 last, the show is over. 7)
And the broad shadow of a cloud
Moved from us like a moving crowd.
THE RIVER-GOD.
A GIANT docile to obey your will,
A comrade,-a companion,-a refrain
Threading a ùream; yet, laughing like a rill,
He'll bear your drownèd body to the main,
18ûl-88]
JIARY GREE}nLlr .Jj'CLELL.A.ND.
267
TITE DRArGITT.
"",{
THEN I am thirsty, let me drink
\ V Prone upon the mossy brink
Of a rocky basin, laid
'Vithin the forest's heart of shade.
There may I know the cool caress
The spring gives to my eagernc:;s;
Feeling its buhhles l"Ïse and float
Around my chin, across my throat,
Till the swiftly pulsing blood
Circles calmly as the flood;
Till by every sense I'm told
That never flagon tipped with gold
So divine a draught doth hold.
STAR neST.
I NN"L)[ER.ABLE ages since-before
The sun's gohl paled to siJver on the moon,
Or earth ran round to take on both their hues,
.A. monstrous bubble, out of chaos blown,
Swelled through the dusk-grew luminous-and lit
All space an instant ;-thcn with ringing shock
Burst !-anù from out the jewelled mist there swung
)Iillions of stars to glow forevermore!
O UT of my door-yard maple
A gilded leaflet fen,
Twinkling down on a sunbeam,
Like music from a bell.
Nor hand nor foot disturbed it,
And frolicsome gnsts of air
Whirling the wayside atoms
Danced on, and left it there.
)IEJIORY.
Slowly away it wasted
Till only a film remaincc1-
A skeleton leaf, a shadow,
Lost wholly when it rained.
Yet 10, on the stained footway,
Etched where the gold had lain,
A delicate shape-a spirit-
Tarried in wind and rain.
jflarr <!ðrccn\\1ar ß:1t([lcllani).
BOR
orwood, Nelson Co., Va.
THE FLOoD.
[Oblh'ion. An Episorle. 18t'.;.]
" L IKE a thief in the night." The simile is hackneyed. but it will serve,
for so the water came. Thc ovcrplus of spring, rivulet, and brook,
268
MARr GREENWAY M'CLELLAND.
[1861-88
with the accumulateù wash of the mountain-sides, had swelled the ri,er to a
mighty torrent which poured itself through the ,alley in a perfect flood.
From hilJsÍde to hillside the water went with a current in the middle like a
mill-race. The railroad-bridge was stiH standing, but the water had swept
around both ends, i
olating it like a scrap of wire fence in the middle of a
prairie. Against it, on the upper side, a huge hammock had formed, and it
wað only a question of moments, and a few more logs and trees, ere the whole
structure must give way; so impotent is iron and cnnning handiwork against
the power of such agents of destruction as weight and water.
All the yillagers, men, women, children, and dogs, wero abroad upon the
hillside, wonùering, gazing, commcnting, and questioning. The railway-
track was seycn feet under water, anù the river was still rising,
"ThaI' goes Rideout's sto'," remarked Knapp t.he carpenter, "startin' out
down country on er v'yage 0' diskivery. Look, how well she holds together;
e,ery log an' plank in placo as solid as the day I j'ined 'em.
' The speaker
paused to regard his handiwork with pridc. "ThaI' shc swings out into the
current-bound for Tennessee. I call that a good sq rwr lead,"
"Ther depot's 'bout followin' suit," obsen-ed Thrasher, fishing in his pock-
etfor a twist of homo-made tobacco, and helping himself to a liberal" chaw. "
The depot building moycd slightly, lifted, turned slowly with a waltzing
motion, and drifted off down-stream, Telegraph-posts followed, washed up
and falling like trees with a sullen splash. A stack or two of rough food,
straw and fodder, came sailing by, bowing and Lending "ith the motion of
t
l(
water. Then more logs and a great pi}e of drift. And the river was still
rJ
lllg,
John, Dick. and Ralph \Voody went out to the extreme end of a knoll of
ground that was now a peninsula, and stood looking down on the flood with
yi,"id interest. A hammock of fence-rails, planks, and débris, carried by the
current around the end of the bridge, drifted past the spot where they stood;
there was a ùead trf'e lying across it, with three or four chickens perched
among its branches: a ùrowned hog was caught between two of the planks.
The men looked at each other, Lut said nothing. )Iore trash, and the body
of a dead horse; then something square and large liko a great dark box, that
turned o'"er and oyer as it floatcd down; then another dead horse. Dick
glanced round with a great fear in his eyes. "The stage!" he saiù hoar
ely.
"Thet fust horse was Carter's dun mare, an' the other "-
""'Tas mine," finished John, with a ùreak in his voice,-" I know. And
Charlie? "
" Thcy'll be out on the hillside safe enough. Carter ain't one to he took
onawaI" an' lose his head, He knows the ways of water good es any man up-
on the mountain. Ola man Carter knows what to do in er freshet, DCl'en'
upon it he had all thoI' folks out on ther hillside long afore the wust come.
Tho stable an' lot is a sight nigher tho river than tho house." 'VooJy spoke
reassuringly, Lut his heart was small and faint within him.
The Fun, clear and bright, rose above the crests of the eastern mountains,
and sent long level rays like golden fingers across the tree-tops and th
Yalley,
touching the breast of the raging floOll nnd the anxious ùrows of the pallid
lSGl-88]
MARY GREENWAY M'CLELLAND.
69
groups. And the river rose and rose, inch by inch, foot by foot; and the peo-
ple waited breathless.
A sound from np by the bridge-a crashing and tearing and rending, high
above the i'teady monotonous roar of the water. The iron-work was gi ving way,
was snapping like glass before the assault of the terrible battering-ram the :flood
was hurling against it.
\. housc, driven end foremost against the pile of logs
anù débris already collected; a house with human beings-men, women, lit-
tle children-on the roof, crouching, clinging in mortal terror to the very
shingles, the wild wail of whose agony and fear rose high above the fury of
the flood, a:;; the house struck. The bridgc parted; the hammock, freed at
last, broke and floated down stream in fragments; the house remained for a
moment stationary, hung against the masonry of the middle pier. God! for
l)Qwer to save them! for strength to holtl hack the death-torrent! The house
bent with the force of the current, recovered itse1f, bent again. Dick thrust
himself in front of John. and held him forcibly back behind his broad shoulclcr:
he s/wuld not see it. The flooring of the bridge gave way, the house swung
round with a sudden lurch as it wa:;; caught by the unuhstructed might of the
torrent; one end caught against the pier held it still, it careened to one side
more and more, the water ,vas too strong, and it capsized slowly,
A wail broke from the helpless
pectators. ,y Olllen cast their aprons 0\ cr
their faces amI sobbed aloud, and men wrung their hard hanùs together and
groaned.
Is there no end to tragedy? Something else comes :floating down the death-
stream, past the ruined bridge, in the wake of the house which had proycd a
sepulchre. A boat; one of the kind peculiar to the rivers of the South-flat-
bottomed, almost square at stem and stern, but raked so a8 to ride the water
like a duck. In it stood a boy, waving his hands to them entreatingly, calling
aloud in a voice inaudible to them, lost in the roar of the flood, As it neared
they saw something white lying in the bottom of the boat, huddled in a heap
at the boy'!:; feet.
"It's Charlie!" muttered John, hoarsely, and began to tear off his coat,
forgetful of his fifty years and his eighteen-stone weight.
Dick caught him by the arm. "Hold on, John!" he crieù, "yon can't do
it, man; yon'l1 be drowned afore you've gone fifty yards. Hand along thet
rope, Thrasher; anå stand b}, fellows, to haul in wben I give ther ðigll. I'm
goin'. "
And in les:;: than a moment he was stripped to the trousers, had a rope fast-
ened securely under his shoulders, and a knife between his teeth to cut it if it
should foul, and was up to his neck in the turbid flood.
,V oody, with his legs well apart and his back Lraced against a tree, paid
out the rope steadily, while Thrasher and John stood by watchfully, ready to
rellller aid at a second's notice. The rest of the villagerð, scenting the new
excitement, came hurrying up; and Knapp, at John's suggcstion, tore off to
the store for more rope.
Dick was a stout swimmer and. a wary one, 'Vhere the water was backed
over the land the work was easy. 'Vith great, strong :;:trokes he swam, going
with the current, and saving hi:;; strength for thc ùa:-:Ìl into the strong water
270
YAn y GREE
YWA Y JI'CL ELLA ND.
[1861-88
when the boat should drift near enough. On it came, the boy kneeling in the
head watching eagerly, the white mass in the bottom motionless. Gathering
all his strength, Dick drew hard on the rope to slacken it, and dashed into
the current. It was hard work, cruel work, battling with the greedy water
for its prey; but he fought on with the dauntless resolution that was part of
his nature, The great muscles stood out in the powerful arms; the broad,
bare chest rose and feH with each magnificent stroke as evenly and rhythmi-
caHy as a piece of machinery; the blue eyes were steady and very watchful.
They neared each other, the drifting boat and the struggling man. John feH
on his knees and cried aloud, "God help him!" and the crowd took it up,
crying too, "God help him !"
,\ oody paid out steadily, letting the rope slip through his hands swiftly
as it was needed. 'rhe two objects in the water were approaching still more
nearly to each other. The boy leaned far over the side, in his eagerness, and
stretched out his hand. Dick caught at it, missed it; caught at it again, and
was drawn to the side of the boat. A mighty shout went up from the people,
who cried. "Thank God! thank GoJ!" But the end was not yet.
Dick swam by the side of the boat, with one hand on the gunwale; but both
were in the current drifting down, and there was danger of the rope fouling
and dragging him under. Suddenly the strain on it ceased; it hung limp in
"
oody's hand, and he puHed it in, a yard at a time. Had it Lroken? The
men groaned in terror and excitement as the boat drifted on.
About a mile below, a great mountain-spur jutted boldly out into the val-
ley, causing the river to make a sharp bend in order to sweep around it. In
thc elbow formed by this bluff the flood was backed, making a great pond of
eddy-water comparatively still. As the current rushed down the centre chan-
nel, floating drift was cast aside by the fOl'ce of the sweep into this eddy, where
it circled slowly and lodged against the bluff. Already great logs and piles of
débris formed hammocks against the hiHside, and Dick noticed the action of
the water as he swam, If there had been a paddle, a bit of board, or eyen a
shingle in the boat, he would have scramblcd in and endeavored to guide the
little vessel into the eddy; but there was nothing. He must try to draw it
to the edge of the current by swimming, and let the water throw him out,
Hauling up the rope, he made Charlie cut it and fasten one end to the head
of the boat, passing it through a hole and doubling it around his shoulders for
greater strength. Then swimming obliquely, he drcw the boat after him,
fighting inch by inch, but gaining slowly. All the long mile the battle con-
tinued, until at last victory was achieved. The boat, drawn from the swiftest
of the current, was thrown into the eddy-water, where Dick, wen-nigh ex-
hausted, laid his hand again on the gunwale to guide her and let her float
down towards the bluff.
The men, who had kept pace with them by running and scrambling along
the hillside, climbed out over the trash and hammocks, regardless of holes and
the danger of rolling logs, intent only on getting at the boat and its occupants.
Dick had contrived to wedge it into a tolerably secure place near the shore,
and had climbed into it, cutting himself free ofthe rope. Hewas bending down
close over something ill thc bottom of the boat, shielding it from sight with
1861-88]
.J.VILICEKT WASHBURN SIILYN.
271
his body. "Throw me a coat!" he called; and 'roody stripped off his and
threw it. Dick rose up presently with something in his arms closely enveloped
in the folds of the heavy garment, and leaning over, gently put it into 1\r oody's
arms. It was
mall and "Very heavy-the body of a little child.
Then Dick steppeù onto the hammock himself wifl the form of a woman
in his arms; a woman in a long white night-dress that clung wet and close to
her form, defining every splendid line and curve, from the superb bust and
shoulders to the slender, rounded ankles. Hcr face, pallid as marble, rested
against Dick's breast, und her long LIack hair, heavy with water, trailed in
a dripping ma:::;s over his bare white arm and shoulder. Somebody-J ohn-
handed him another coat, and he wrapped it around her.
ß:lílíccnt [[la
1;Jbur1t
1;Jí1t1t.
BORN in Washington Township, Alameda Co., Cal., 1858.
SL)DIER KIGHT.
[The Century .J.1Iagazine, The Ot'erland J.1Irmthly, etc. 1881-84.]
THE vast half-sphere of plain anù sky
Brims full with pallid light;
Moon-whitened all the grain-fields lie,
Like seas grown still with night;
And scattered houses, far and nigh,
.Among their trees gleam white.
Oh, warmly does the night enfold
The earth, caressed with showers of gold.
And yet, not so, sweet night,
Kot so I long for thee,
Not so come thou to me.
Come, mighty shade, till earth might be
Alone in primal space,
Till I lie drowned ùeneath a sea
That upward from my face
Goes on and on unendingly,
K or hints of time or place;
Till I might think that o'er my eyes,
Clo::se-shut, the earth forever lies.
So longs my soul for thee.
Oh, so, I pray, sweet night,
So come thou unto me.
1881.
A DRE
\)1.
IF I shall find myself, long after death,
In some vast darkness walking all alone,
And strain my every sense and hold my ùreath,
Becau
e each step before me is unknown;
If, all around, the (larkness hlank and still
Hangs heavily and thick with shapeless dread,
ADd I go ever on without my will,
Yet dare not stop nor eyen turn my head,
But tremble, sick with terror, lest I may
At any instant cower to feel the clutch
272
.MILICENT W ASHE CRN SHI.N
Y,
[1861-88
Of something that has followed all the way-
If then thy sudden band my shoulder touch,
I shall not shudder. Longed-for touch and dear,
How should I fail to know thee even here?
" 0 HEART, tired out with pain to-day,
\. thousand years to come
Thy pain will all have passed away,
Thy crying shall be dumb:
As gayly bird-wings o'er tbe river
Shall gleam with life that once was
thine,
As if this pulse, with pain a-quiver,
Still leaped, with gladness half-divine:
To thee, to all, it is as one
When once thy restless years are done."
1883.
TO-D
\ Y.
Oh, vain to turn upon your heart,
And think to still it so!
It cries back unto all your art,
'With pleading. .,
\.h, no, no!
For gladness dies as well as sorrow;
Then let me IhTe, since I must die.
Ah, quick, for death will come to-mor-
row-
Quick, ere my years in vain go by!
Because to-morrow I am clay,
Give me my happiness to-day! "
LIFE'S AXSWEH.
" 0 HEART, my heart," he said,
"How bitter is thine aching!
'l'he happy winds are waking,
The linnets nest o'erhead;
And thou art like to breaking.
"Ah, friend of years," he said,
" Heart's dearest, unto thee
I bring my misery,
And thou shalt -healing shed,
And set my spirit free."
Unknowing, unafraid,
He dared the seas that roll
Blackly 'twixt soul and soul:
Lost, drowning, sore dismayed,
All baftleù of his goal,
Back-driven to solitude,-
"Ah, woe is me! " he cried,
"To find no love so wiùe
That it may clasp my mood,
Or close as grief abide.
"This pain that stays and stings,
At love's or friendship's door
Shall knock in vain no more;
1884.
For I will give it wing's
Far, far from me to
soar.
" 0 wide-winged song. .. he said,
"Divinest, unto thee
I bring my misery,
And thou shalt healing shed;
Set thou my spirit free."
Fluttered the feeble song.
Unmeet its wings to bear
One narrow human care,-
Wings wont to soar so strong
Under a world's despair.
"Ah, what is this
" he cried,
"1::"nto the wide world's smart,
Answers the wide world's heart;
Unheard the cries abide
Of each small soul apart.
"Ab, silence, thou," he said,-
"l\Iost merciful, to thee
I bring my misery.
Be there' no healing shed;
Clasp but my pain and me.
Strong silence, like a sea,
Flow ùeep above my heaù."
IbGl-t;8]
WILLIAJI .1úORTON P A Y1fE.
273
A )IARIpnSA LILY.
S HELL-LIKE lily, flushed with faintest color,
Hid in long grass up the mountain-side,
"
here the loud ùrown torrent's roar comes duller,
And in simple gladness you abide,-
Am I henrtless that your whole of living
Thus I take to pJease her for one hour?-
Yet I ask of you no greater giving
Than of mine own self, poor wasted tlower.
1884.
UlílUam jRortOtt parnc.
BORX in
ewburyport, 1Iass., 18.jS.
BJÖRXSO
'S
ATIOXAL TRILOGY.
[Sigurd Slembe. A Dmmatic Trilogy. By BjörnstJerne Björnson.-Tronslafed fmm tlte
.Xorwegian by "Jr. .J.JI. Payne. 18k
.]
B .Ji">RXSOK is the great national writer of Norway because his finer work
deals with national themes. His contemporary, Ib
en, endowed with
genius of a high order, has chosen to be cosmopolitan rather than national,
and so the claim made for Björn!:.on cannot be disputed on behalf of his most
famous fellow-worker in the field of letterR. Björnson's tales of peasant life
are purely national, his more poetic dramas are no less so, and his best lyrics
are true Northland notes. K orway is pcculiarly rich in materials for a na-
tionalliterature. It is, more than any other part of Europe, the home of that
rich mythology which ha
so profoundly influenced Teutolllc thought, and
which, had conditions bcen more favorable, might have bornc in earlier times
a fruitage comparable for poetic wealth with that of the mythology of f:outh-
ern Europe which so early became cmbodied in works of impm'ishablc bcauty.
In central Europe we find this mythology in a somewhat corrupt and per-
yerted state, modified} y classical influcnces and mhed with elements of in-
digenous growth. In the north alone did it remain comparatively free from
foreign admi
hll'e; there alonc did it aC({llÏrc form and consistency, and there
did it wait in vain, until too late, for
ome master mind to so mould it that it
should be f:ure forever of the world's regard. But the Norsemen had more
pressing work at hand than the cultivation of the art of poetry. Their life
wns a h3rd and unremitting struggle for cxistence, and the rough poetry in
which tl1eir inheritance of mythical lore became embodied was fitted to the
rugged life the}' were forced to lead, Then Christianity found its way among
them, and the chance was misscd. The vitalitv of the old faith wanerl. Thor
and Odin and Balder were dethroned by the n
w god from the south. Deities
and heroes faded into the mists of the Ìm:-:t, lingering. indeed, in the popular
VOL. XI.-18
274
WILLIAJI .MORTON PAYNE.
[18Gl-88
consciousness for many centuries, but growing ever more impotent to inspire
poet or sage.
Y ct such a body of myth and hero-story as this could never be quite lost or
become wholly meaningless to the race which gaTe it birth, and the elemen-
tary traits of whose character were bound up within it. So it was natural
that when, in modern times, anù in common with the other nations of Eu-
rope, the people of the north were impelled to the deye]opment of a studied
literature, they should draw largcly upon the varied store of tradition for
their m
terial, and seek at a later ùay to do something of the work ::;0 long
left undone. Thus Tegnèr in Sweden, Ewald and Oehlenschlæger in Den-
mark, and Björnson in Norway have found many of their themes in the treas-
ure-house of myth and saga. Of all this modern work. that of I3jörnson scems
the most remm--ed from modern ways of thought and expression, exhihits
most clearly tho modes of feeling of that quasi-historical past which it repro-
duces, is the most ,-igorous and the mO::5t elementaL
The" Trilogy" has a definite historical basis. During the first half of the
twelfth century Norway was plunged into civil strife by the pretensions to the
throne of one Sigurd, surnamed "Slem be" (an adjective meaning ill-dis-
l)osed or worthless), on accomlt of his lawless youth. This Sigurd was a
natural son of the great king .Magnus Barfod, and, according to the law of
Norway, the :::mccession could not rightfully be withheld from him on the
score of h
s ilJegitimacy. The trilogy of " Sigurd Slembe " deals with the life
of this pretender from the time when, in early manhood, he learns the secret
of his birth, to the eye of the final struggle which crowns his life with failure
and restores peace to his long-suffering country. It is a tale of indomitable
but ever-tlI warted will, deeply tragic in its import, but not without that final
touch of what the Germans call Versöknung, and we, for want of a better
word, call reconciliation, which is tho attribute of the noblest tragic proùuc-
tions, and by virtue of which tragedy fulfilR its purpose as defined by Aris-
totle, purging the mind of pity and fear. The consummation of a tragic ac-
tion is found in that supreme moment when the protagonist surrenders, in
Schopenhaller's phrase, not merely life, but the very desire to live. Perhaps
the most perfect illustration of this in literature is the cry of Gretchen at the
close of the first part of "Faust "-"Heinriclt, mirgraut's
'ordir!" In the
present work this tragic consummation follows, in the closing act, npon
the flight of Sigurd's last remaining hope of victory. Failure, absolute and
l1nrelieved, confronts him H3 the result of all his toil. He attempts in thought
leach avenue of escapc, but they are all closed upon him. He has mised his
last force, and no stratagem can avail him further. A::; all the events of life
crowd upon the memory of a dying man, so all Sigurd. 's past comes before
him now face to face with the ruin of the eùifice so nearly reared by him.
And the peace of mind which he has sought for so many ycars comes to him
also, and all the tempests of lifo are stilled. He sees that this was inùeed. thc
inevitable end, and, recognizing the fitness with which events have shaped
themselves, he sees lifc in it
true aspect. Ko longer yeilec1 in tho mist
that
have hidden it from his passionate gaze, he takes note of what it really is, and
casts it from him. In this hour of passion loss contemplation such a renun-
1861-88]
IJA...VSKE IJA.lYDRIDG E.
275
dation is not a thing torn from the reluctant soul, but the clear solution, so
long sought, of the problem so long blind I}' attempted.
Other scenes of great power anù beauty arc not lucking in this work.
Björnson has the power, rare eyen with the greater dramatists, to condcnse
EO much of passion in a single pregnant sentence, by means of a word or single
}1hrase so to illuminate as by a lightning flash some tragic situation, as to put
the ordinary rhetorical effusion of feeling to shame. lie has the instinct
which sees, at the fateful moment of the action, how incomparably greater
and truer is a direct, rightly cllOsen worù, than the most elaborate rhetorical
amplification,
TOURGCÉXIEFF.
S ILENT the lips that quivered as they told
The tale of deep, time-consecrated wl"Ong;
Quiet the hand which held the pen so long
And used so well, that men, who bought and sold
Their fellow-men, were startled to behold
Themselves arraigned for judgment in the strong
Clear light of truth-a conscience-strickcn throng,
Plague-spotted, in the ranks of death enrolled.
What thou hast done, we know, but fain would know
'Yhat thou hast seen; what le
son was in life
For thee! This only? that in grief men go
Even as they came, hence; this, that woe is rife
And hope illusive; this, that with a foe
"C"nconquerable men wage ceaseless strife?
1889.
3!Dan
l1c pant1tít1gc.
BORN in Copenhagen, Denmark.
THE DEAD }[OON.
[Joy, and Other Poems. 188
.]
""","\TE are ghost-ridden:
, , Through the deep night
'Yanders a spirit,
Koise1css and white.
Loiters not, lingers not, knoweth not rest;
Ceaselessly haunting the East and the ""\Vest.
She, whose undoing the ages have \\ rong-ht,
1tlovcs on to the time of God's rhythmical thought.
276
IJANSKE IJAXIJRIIJG E,
In the dark, swinging sea,
As she speedeth through space,
She reads her pale image;
The wounds are agape on her face.
She sees her grim nakedness
Pierced by the eyes
Of the Spirits of God
In their flight through the skies.
(Her wounds, they are many and hollow.)
The Earth turns and wheels as she flies,
And this Spectre, this .Ancient, must follow.
When, in the æons,
Had she beginning?
What is her story?
'Vhat was her !"inning
Do the ranks of the Holy Ones
Know of her crime?
Does it loom in the mists
Of the birthplace of Time?
The stars, do they speak of her
{;"nòer their IH'eath,
" 'Vill this 'Yraith be forever
Thus restless in lleath ? "
On, through immensity,
Sliding and stealing,
On, through infinity,
Nothing revealing.
I see the fond lovprs;
They walk in her light;
They charge the "soft maiden"
To bless their love-plight.
Does she laugh in her place,
As she glilleth through space?
Does she laugh in her orbit with never a sound?
That to her, a. deall body,
'Vith nothing hut rents in her round-
Blighted and marred,
'Vrinkled and scarred,
Barren and colll,
"Wizened and oId-
That to her should be toW,
That to her should he snng
The yearning and burning of them that are young' Y
Our Earth that is younf!',
That is throbbing with life,
lIas fiery uphe
1\'als,
Has hoisterous strife;
But she that is dead has no stir, IHeathes no air;
She is calm, she is voiceless, in lonely despair.
[1861-88
18ül-88]
SARAH PRATT .J.ll'LE.A;...Y GREENE,
277
'Ye dart through the yoid;
'Ye have cries, we have laughter;
The })hantol1l that haunts us
Comes silently after.
This Ghost-lady follows,
Though none hear her tread;
On, on, we are flying,
Still tracked by our Dcad-
By this "white, awful .Mystery,
Haggard and deac1.
aralJ pratt jTlcf.-can G)tccnc.
BOHN in Simsbury, COUll.
GETTIXG READY FOR :\IEETIX'.
[Cape Cod Folks. 1881.-Rpt'ised Edition. 1888.]
W HEN the ancient couple made their appearance, I remarked silently,
in regard to Grandma Keeler's hair, what l)roved afterward to be its
usual holiday morning arrangement. It ,vas connned in six infillitesimnl
braids, which appeared to be sprouting out perpendicularly in all directions
from her head. The effect of redundancy and expansiveness thus heightened
and increased on Grandma's features was striking in the extreme.
,rhile we were eating breakfast, that good
oul observed to Grandpa Keeler:
"'YaIl, pa, I suppose you'll be all really when the time comes to take teacher
and me over to West 'Vallen to Sunday-school, won't ye?"
Grandva coughed, and coughed again, and raised his eyes helplessly to the
window.
., Looks some like showers," said he. ., A-hem! a-h<.'ll1! Looks mightily to
me like showers, oyer yonder. "
"ThaI", r'aly, husband! I must say I f<.'rl mortified for ye," said Grandma.
"Seein' as you're a perfessor, too, and thaI" ain.t been a single Snndaymornin'
since rye livell with ye, pa, snmnwr or winter, but what you've seen shower
,
and it r'alv seems to me it's dreaùful inconsistcnt wlwn thaI" ain't no cloud in
the sky, m;d don't look no more like rain than I ùo." And Grandma's face, in
spite of her reproachful tones, was, abovc an, blanllly sunlike and expr<.'ssive
of anything rather than deluge and watcry di
aster,
Grandpa was silent a little whilc, then cougbeJ again. I had never
een
Grandpa in worse straits.
"A-hem! a-hem! 'Fanny' seems to be a little lame, this mornin'," said he.
"I shouldn't wonder. She's been gOÜl' pretty stiddy this week."
" It docs heat all, pa," continued Grandma Keeler, "how't all the hors<.'s
YOU'\-C ever had since I'vc known ye havc always bccn took lame Sundaynwrll-
in'. Thar' was 'Happy Jack,' he could go anywhers through the week, and
278
SARAH PR
lTT ..H'LEAN GREENE,
[1861-8S
never limp a step, as nobody could see, anù Sunday mornin'he was always took
lame! And thar' was' Tantrum' "- ,
" Tantrum" was the horse that had run away with Grandma when she was
thrown from the wagon anù generally smashed to pieces. And now Grand-
ma branched off into the thrilling reminiscences connected with this incident
of her life, which was the third time during the week that the horrible tale
had been repeated for my delectation,
'Yhen she lmll finished, Grandpa shook his heall with painful earnestness,
reverting to the former subject of discussion.
"It's a long jaunt!" ::;aid he; "a long jaunt! "
"Thar's a long hill to climb beforc we reach Zion's mount," said Grandma
Keeler, impressively.
"'Vall, there's a darned sight harder 011e on the road to "
est "
allen!"
burst out the old sea-captain desperately; "say nothiu' about the devilish
stones!
,
" ThaI" now," said Grandma, with calm though awful reproof; "I think
we've gone fur enough for one day; we
ve broke the Sabbath, and took the
name of the Lord in vain, anù that ongh t to be enough for pcrfessors. ,"
Grandpa replied at length ill a greatly subdued tone: "'Vall, if you and the
teacher want to go over to Sunday-school to-day, I suppose we can go if we get
ready "-a, long suhmissive sigh-" I suppose we can. ..
"They have preachin' service in the mornin', I suppose," said Grandma.
"But we don't gcnerally git along to that.. It makes such an early start. "
e-
generally try to get around, when we go, in time for Sunday-school. rrhey
have singin' and all. It's just ahout as interestill', I think, as preach in'. The
old man r'aly likes it," she observed asidc to me, "when he once gets started:
but he kind 0' dreads the gittin' started."
"Then I beheld the ordeal through which Grandpa Keeler was called to pass
at the hands of his faithful consort, before he was considered in a fit condition
of mind and body to embark for the sanctuary, I marvelled not at the old
man's reluctance, nor that he had indeed soen clouds and tempest fringing
the horizon.
Immediately after breakfast be set out for the barn, ostensibly to "see to
the chores "; really, I believe, to obtain a few moments' respite, before worse-
evil should come upon him.
Pretty soon Granùma was at the back door calling ill firm though persuasive-
tones:
"Husband! husband! come in, now, and get ready."
No answer. Then it was in another key, weighty, yet m::pressive of no
weak irritation, that Grandma called, "Uome, pa! pa-a! pa-a-a!" Still no
answer.
Then that voice of Gmmlma'ð sung out like a trumpet, terrible with mean-
ing-" Bijonah Keeler!"
But Grandpa appeared not. Xext, I saw Gmndma slowly hut surely grav-
itating in the direction of the barn, and soon she returned, bringing with her
that ancient delinquent, who looked like a lost sheep inùeed anù a truly Ull-
reconciled one.
1861-88]
SARAH PRATT .Jf'LEAN GREENE.
279
"Now the first thing," said Grandma, looking her forlorn captive over,
" is boots. Go and get on yer meetin' gaiters, pa."
The old gentleman, ha,-ing in-vested himself with those sacred relics, came
pathetically limping into the room.
"I declare, ma," said he, "somehow these things,-phew! Somehow they
pinch my feet dreadfully. I don't know what it is,-phew! They're dreadful
oncomf'table things somehow."
,. Since I've known yc, pa," solemnly ejaculated Grandma Keeler, "you've
ne,er halt a pair 0' meetin' boots that set easy on yer fect. You'd ought to
get boots big enough for ye, pa, " shc continued, looking down disappro-vingly
on the old gentleman's pedal extremities, which rescmbled two small scows at
anchor, in black cloth encasements, "and not be so proud as to go to pinch in'
yer feet into gaitcrs a number 0' sizes too small for ye."
"They're number tens, I tell yc!" roareù Grandpa, nettled outrageously
by this cutting taunt,
" "
all, thar' now, pa," sailt Grandma, soothingly; " if I had sech feet as
that, I wouldn't go to "preadin' it all over town, if I was you-but it's time we
stopped bickerin' now, husband, and got ready for meetin'; so set down and
let me wash ,-er head,"
"I've wasÌlCd once this mornin'. It's clcan enough," Grandpa protested;
but in vain. He was planted in a chair, and Grandma Keeler, with rag and
soap and a basin of water, attacked the old gentleman vigorously, much as I
hm-e seen cruel mothers wash the faces of their earth-begrimed infants. He
only g,l\-e expression to such groans as-
"ThaI", ma! don't tear my ears to lJÏeces!" Come, ma! you've got my eyes
FO full 0' soap now, ma, that I can't see nothin'. Phew! Lordy! ain't ye
most through with this, llla?"
Then came the dyeing process, which Grandma Keeler assured me, aside,
made Grandpa" look like a man 0' thirty"; but to me, after it he looked
neither old Iwr young, human nor inhuman, nor like anything that I halt
e,er seen before undcr the sun.
,. There's the lotion, the potion, the dye-er, and thc sctter," said Grandma,
pointing to four bottles on the taùle. "N ow whar's the directions, )lade-
line? "
Thcse having becn produced from bctween the leaves of t4c family Bible,
:M:adcline read, while Granùma made a, igorous practical application of the
various mixtures.
" 'This admirable lotion,' "-in soft ecstatic toncs :Madeline rchearsed the
flowcry language of the recipe-" , though not so in::;tantaneously startling in
its cffect as our incstimablc dyer and setter. yet forms a most essential part of
the whole process, opcning, as it does, thc dry and lifeless pores of thc scalp,
imparting to them ncw life anlt beauty, and rcndcring thcm more easily sus-
ceptible to thc applications which fullow. But wc must go ùeeper than this;
a tone must be givcn to the whole system by means of the clcan:-;ing and re-
ju\enatillg of the very ccntre of our ùcings, and, for this purpose, wc have
preparcd our wonderful potion,'" lIerc Grandpa, with a wry face, was made
to ::5wallow a spoonful of the mixture. '" OU)' ullparallclcd ù)'cr,'" l\faddine
280
SARAII PRATT M'LBA.N GREENE.
[1861-88
continued, "'restores black hair to a more than original gloss and brilliancy,
and gives to the faded golden tress the sunny flashes of youth.'" Grandpa was
dyed. '" Our world-renowned setter completes and p('rfects the whole process
by adding tone and permanency to the efficacious qualities of the lotion, po-
tion, and dyer, etc. "'; while on Grandpa's head the unutterable dye was ::;et.
"Kow, read teacher some of the testimonials, daughter," F:aiù Grandma
Keeler, whose face was one broad, generous illustration of that rure mIll pe-
culiar virtue called faith.
So Madeline continued: " 'Mrs. Hiram Briggs, of Korth Dedham, writes:
I was terribly afflicted with baldness, so that, for months, I was little more
than an outcast from society, and an object of pitytomymo::;t familiar friends.
I tried every remedy in vain. At length I heard of }'our wonùerful restorative.
After a week's application, my hair had already begun to grow in what seemed
the most miraculous manner, At tbe end of ten months, it llàd assumed such
length and proportions as to be a most luxurious burden, and where I had ùe-
fore been regarded with pity and aversion, I became the envied and admired
of all beholders.'"
"J U1:it think!" said Grandma Keeler, with rapturous sympathy and grati-
tude, "how that poor crectur must 'a' felt! "
" , Orion Spaulding of "
eedsville, Y ermont, '" )Iadeline went on-hut
here I had to beg to be excused, and went to my room to get ready for the
Sunday-school. ..
'rh
n I came down again, Grandpa Keeler was seated. completely arrayed
in his best clothes, opposite Grandma, wh held the big family Bible in her
lap, and a Sundùy-school question-book in one band.
":K ow, pa," said she, ,. what tribe was it in sacred writ that wore ùllnllits?"
I was compelled to infer from the tone of Grandpa Keeler's answer that his
temper had not undergone a mollifying proce::ìs during my absence.
"Come, mu," said he; " how mueh longer ye gOill' to pester me in this
wav? "
;, 'Yhy, pa," Grandma rejoined calmly, "until you git a proper llllder-
standin' of it. "
hat tribe was it in sacred writ that wore hunnits?"
., Lordy!" exclaimed the old man. "How d'ye suppose I know! They
must 'a' been a tarnal old-womanish lookin' set any way. "
"The tribe 0' Judah, pa," said Grandma, gn1Yely. "
ow, how good it
is, hushand, to ha,re your undcrstandill' all freðhened up on tIle Scripters!"
"Come, come, ma! " said Grandpa, risiug nervously, "it'::; time we was
startin'. 'Vhen I make up my mind to go anywhere I always want to git there
in time. If. I was goin' to the Old Harry, I ðhonld want to git there in time."
"It's my consarn that we shall git thaI" before time. some on us," said
Grandma, with sad meaning, "unless we larn to use more re::;pec'fullan-
guage, "
1861-88]
TtILLIAJI ROSCOE THAYER.
281
DE SIIEEPFOL'.
[Towhead,. the Story of a Girl. 18 R 3.]
D E massa ob de sbeepfol',
Dat guards de sheepfol' bin,
Look out in de gloomerin' mcadows,
Wha'r de long night rain begin-
So he call to de hirelin' shep:Ù.l,
" Is my sheep, is dey all come in ? "
Oh den, says de hirelin' shepa'd:
" Dey's some, dey's black and thin,
And some, dey's po' 01' wedda's j
But de res', dey's all brung in.
But de res', dey's all brung in."
Den de massa ob de sheepfoI',
Dat guards de sheepfol' hin,
Goes down in de gloomerin' meadows,
'Vha'r de long night rain begin-
So he Ie' down de ba's ob de sheepfol',
Callin' sor, "Come in. Come in."
Uallin' sof', "Come In. COllle in."
Den up t'ro' de gloomerin' meadows,
T'ro' de eoI' night rain aml win',
And up t'ro' de gloomerin' rain-paf',
'Vha'r de sleet fa' pie'cin' thin,
De 1)0' los' sheep oh de sheepfol',
Dey all comes gadderin' in.
De po' los' sheep ob de sheepfoI',
Dey all comes gadderin' in.
alíllíaut mO
coe \(1)a rer.
BORN in Boston,
Iass., 1
59.
IAXKIXD'S llIGIIEST.
[The Confessions of Hermes, and Other Ponns. 1884.]
A DREAl\1 enticed the Spirit of the Earth,
...\n<l fi!':, in sleep, fantastic shapes he chased,
The Hours slumbered and the Laws delayed.
'Vhen he awoke, behold! man's puny race
He found had in the fleeting interval
Expired as silently as bubLles burst.
A smile of pity crossed the Spirit's lips:
"To think the weaklings, if I nodde(l, died!
But, after all. .. he said, "the tiny imps
Have startled from me lllany a hearty laugh.
1\ly time would drag could I no longer see
The shifting scenes of Human COlIH'dy."
So mcn he madc anew: and that the new
Might diffcr nowise from the elder hreed,
He hunted, 'mid the ruins of the past,
A Look wherein true types of men are drawn,
And from these patterus he refilled the globe.
Upon that book, 0 Shakespeare, was thy name.
282
WILLIA.Jl ROSCOE lEA T LB.
[1861-88
THE HY)IN OF FORCE.
I ArtI eternal!
I throb through the ages;
I am the master
Of each of Life's stages,
My form's undefined;
)ly essence is motion.
The braggarts of science
'V ould weigh and divide me;
Their wisdom evading,
I vani:;h and hide me.
I quicken the blood
Of the mate-craving lover;
The age-frozen heart
With daisies I cover.
My glances are rays
From stars cmanating;
My voice through the spheres
Is sound, undulating.
Down through the ether
I hurl constellations;
Up from their earth-bed
I wake the carnations.
I am the monarch
L niting all matter ;
The atoms I gather,
The atoms I scatter.
I laugh in the flame
As I kindle and fan it;
I crawl in the ,,'orm;
I leap in the planet.
I pulse with the tides-
Now hither, now thither;
I grant the tree sap;
I bid the bud wither.
Forth from its cradle
I pilot the river;
In lightning and earthquake
I flash and I quiver.
I always am present,
Yet nothing can bind me;
Like thought, evanescent,
They lose me who find me.
l\Iy breath is the wind;
My bosom the ocean;
clc1t <1ðrar ([onc.
BORN in New York, N. Y., 1859.
A xnCTURXE OF RrßIXSTEI
.
[Obe1"on (tlul Puck: Verses Grave and Gay. 1883.]
I.
""'{-'TH4\ T now remains, what now remains but night?
\ V Night hopeless, since the moon is in her grave 1
Late came a glorious light
In one wide flood on spire and neld and wave.
It found a flowing way
To secret places where the dead leaves lay;
It won the half-hid stream
To shy remembrance of her morning gleam;
1861-88]
HELEN GRAY CO.J..YE.
Then on the sky's sharp shore
Rolled back, a fading tide, and was no more.
No more on spire and ivied window bright:
:N 0 more on field and wave!
What nOlf) 'remains, 'lchat nmf) remains but night?
Bigltt Iwpeleðs, since the moon is in hl:l' greae!
II.
Dumb waits the dim, broad land,
Like one who bears, yet cannot understand,
Tidings of grief to come.
The woods and waters, 'with the winds, are dumb.
But now a breeze has found
Sorrowful voice, and sobs along the ground:
" Oh the lost light, the last, the best lost light!
No more on field and wave!"
What now 'J"tmains, uhat no'lO remains but night?
:Night hopeless, since the 'moon is in !ta gl'(ae!
III.
Hark, how the wind outswells!
Tempting the wood's dark Ileart till he rebel!':,
And, shaking his black hair,
Lifts up a cry of passion and despair!
The groaning branches chafe
Till scarce the small, bushed singing-birds are safe,
Tossed rocking in the nest,
Like gentle memories in a stormy breast.
A shudder, as good angels passed in flight,
Thrills over field and wave!
TVnot n01I' remoins, v:hat nOLI' remains but llight?
Night lmrless,
chile the 1JtOOn is in her greae !
IV.
There falls a mighty hush:
And forth from far recesses fern-scents rush,
Faint as a waft from years
Long past; they touch in heaven tbe springs of tears,
In great drops, slow and warm,
Breaks all at once the spirit of the storm.
What 1/011' remrtins, 2rhat noUJ '1'elllaifls bitt Jdyht?
.Night gJ.i villY, lrltile the moon is in Ita gl'ave!
V.
Behold! the rain is over: on the wave
A new, a flashing light!
Lo, she arises calm,
The pale, the patient moon, and pours like hahn
283
284
HELEN GRAY CONE.
[1861-88
Through the wet wood's ,,-recked aisle
Her own unutterably tender smile!
There is no calm like that when storm is <.lone;
There is no pleasure keen as pain's release;
There is no joy that lies so deep as peace,
No peace so deep as that by struggle won,
]).
aught nulO remains, naught now 'remains but 'llight-
Night peaceful, with the moon on field and wave.'
I T is strange in Elsinore
Since t}le day King Hamlet died.
All the JIearty FOports of yore,
Sledge and skate. are laid aside;
Stilled the ancient mirth that rang,
Boisterous, down the fire-lit halls;
They forgot, at Yule, to hang"
Berried holly on the walls.
Claudius lets the lUead still flow
For tIle blue-eyed thanes that love it;
But they bend their brows above it,
And forever, to and fro,
Round the board dull murmurs go:
" It is strange in Elsinore
Since the day King Hamlet died."
And a swarm of courtiers flit,
New in slashed and satined trim,
"With their freshly-fashioned wit
And their littleness of limb,-
Flit about the stairways wide,
Till the pale Prince Hamlet smiles,
As he walks, at twilight tide,
Through the galleries and the aisles.
For to him the castle seems-
This old castle, Elsinore-
Like a thing built up of dreams;
And the king's a mask, no more;
And the courtiers seem but flights
Of the painted hutterflies;
And the arras, wrought with fights,
Grows alive hefore his eyes.
Lo, its giant sllapes of Danes,
As without a wind it waves,
Live more nobly than his thanes,
Sullen carpers, ale-fed slaves!
EL:sINORE.
In the flickering of the fires,
Through his sleep at night there pass
Gay conceits and young desires-
Faces out of memory's glass,
Fragments of the actor's art,
Student's pleasures, college broils.
Poesies that caught his heart,
Chances with the fencing-foils;
Then he listens oftentimes
'With his boyhood's simple glee,
To dead Yorick's quips and rhymes,
Leaning on his father's knee.
To that mighty hand he dings,
Tender love that stern face charms;
All at once the casement rings
As with strength of angry arms.
From the couch he lifts his head,
"With a shudder and a start;
All tbe fires are embers red,
And a weight is on his heart,
It is strange in Elsinore:
Sure some marvel cometh soon!
Underncath the icy moon
. Footsteps pat the icy floor;
Voices haunt the midnights bleak,
'Vhen the wind goes singing keen;
And the hound, once kept so sleek,
Slinks and whimpers and grows lean,
And the shivering sentinels,
Timorous, on their lonesome round,
Starting count the swinging bells,
Starting at the hollow sound;
And the pine-trees chafe and roar,
Though the snow would keep them
still.
In the state there's somewhat ill;
It is strange in Elsinore.
1861-88]
CLINTON SCOLLARD.
285
A ROSE.
T OO-PERFECT Rose, thy heavy breath has power
To wake a dim, an unexplained regret:
Art body to the soul of some deep hour
That all my seasons have not yielded yet
But if it be so-Hour, too-perfect Hour,
Ah, blow not full, though all the yearning days
Should tremble bud-like, since the wind must shower
Thine unreturning grace along the ways!
II AS THE CROW FLIES,"
B "GCCA..
EER with blackest sails,
Steering home by compass true,
Now that all the rich .West pales
From its ingot-hue!
Would that compass in thy breast
Thou couldst lend, for guiding me
Where my Hope bath made her nest-
In how far a tree!
Swerving not, nor stooping low,
To that deal', that distant mark
Could I undiverted go,
'Yhat were coming dark?
-Careless of the twilight ground,
O'er the wood and o'er the stream
Still he sails, with hollow sound
Strange, as in a dream!
<CIÍ1tton:
(ollarn.
BOR
in C1inton, Oneida Co.,
. Y., 1860.
AS I C
L\[E lJUW
FRO)! LEBAXON.
[With Reed and Lyre. U)I:)G.-uld and .J..Yew 1rorld Ly1"Ïcs. 1888.]
^ S I came down from Lebanon,
..L:\.. Came winding, wandering slowly
down,
Through mountain passes bleak and
brown,
The cloudless day was weUnigh done.
The city, like an opal set
In emeralò, showed each minaret
Afire" ith radiant beams of sun,
And glistened orange, fig, and lime
'Yhere song-hirds made melodious chime,
As I came down from Lebanon.
As I came down from Lebanon,
Like lava in UlC dying glow
Through olive orchards far below
I saw the murmuring rivel' run;
And 'neath the wall upon the sand
Swart sheiks from distant Samarcand
WIth precious spices they had won,
Lay long 11.1111 languidly in wait
Till they mig-ht pass the gmmled gate,.
As I came down from Lebanon.
As I came> (lown from I..cLanon
I saw strangf' men from lanòs afar,
In 11108<)l1e amI square and gay bazar,
The '[agi that the )[oslem shun.
And grave Effendi from Stamboul,
'Vho sherbet si ppell in corners cool;
86
CLINTON SCOLLARD.
[1861-88
And, from the lJalcollies o'errun
'Vith roses, gleamed the eyes of those
'Vlw dwell in still seraglios,
As I came down from Leùanon.
As I came down from Lebanon
The flaming flower of daytime died,
And night, arrayed as is a ùride
Of some great king in garments
spun
Of purple and the finest gold,
Outhloomed in glories manifold:
Until the moon, above the dun
And darkening desert, void of shade,
Shone like ü keen Damascus blade,
As I came down from Lebanon.
WILD COREOPSIS.
^ SEA of hlossoms, golden as U1C glow
...1:1- Of morning sunlight on a wind-rocked bay,
Beneath the breeze of this rare autumn day
Hea\-es in soft undulation to and fro;
Like incense, floating o'er the marsh below,
Come fragrant 0110r8 of thc late-mown hay;
Beyond, in harmony of grecn and gray,
The tapering tamaracks tower in stately row.
And wading through the shimmering waves, with song
Lpon his lips, a fair-haired yout.h I see,
'Yho swinges off the saffron blossom-bells:
Back roll the years,-a melancholy throng,- ,
And I behold, in sea-girt Sicily,
Theocritus amid the asphodels!
THE BOOK
T ALL.
IT stands in a winding st.reet,
A quiet and restful nook,
Apart from the endless beat
Of the noisy heart of Traùe j
There's never a spot more cool
Of a hot midsummer day
By the brink of a forest pool,
Or the hank of a crystal brook
In the maples' breezy shade,
Than the bookstall old and gray.
Here are precious gems of thought
That were quarried long ago,
Some in vellum bound, and wrought
With letters and lines of gold;
Here are curious rows of " calf, "
And perchance an Elzevir;
Here are countless "mos" of chaff,
And a parchment folio,
Like leaves that are cracked with
cold,
An puckered and brown and sear.
In every age and clime
Live the monarchs of the brain:
And the lords of prose and rhyme;
Years after the long last sleep
Has come to the kings of earth
And their names have passed away,
Rule on through death and birth;
And the thrones of their domain
Arc found where the slmdes arc
deep,
In the bookstall old and gray.
1861-88]
CLI..J.YTO.J.Y SCOLLARD.
287
THE ACTOR.
N IGHT after night a mimic death he died,
While sympathetic thousands wept and sighed;
But when at last he came in truth to die,
No teardrop fell from any mourner's eye.
SIDXEY GODOLPIIIX.
THEY rode from the camp at morn
With clash of sword and spur.
The birds were lond in the thorn,
The sky was an azure blur.
A gallant show they made
That warm noon-tide of the year,
Led on by a dashing blade,
By the poet-cavalier.
They laughed through the leafy lanes,
The long lanes of Dartmoor;
And they sang their soldier strains,
Pledged "death" to the Roundhead
boor
Then they came at the middle day
To a hamlet quaint and brown
Where the hated troopers lay,
And they cheered for the King and
crown.
They fought in the fervid heat,
Fought fearlessly and well,
But low at the foeman's feet
Their valorous leacler fell.
Full on his fair young face
The blinding sun beat down;
In the morn of his manly grace
He died for the King and crown.
o the pitiless blow,
The vengeance-thrust of strife,
That blotted the golden glow
From the sky of his glad, brave life!
The glorious promise gone;-
Kight with its grim black frown!
N ever again the dawn,
And all for the King and crown.
Hidden his sad fate now
In the sealM book of the years;
Few are the heads that bow,
Or the eyes that brim with tears,
Reading 'twixt blots and stains
From a musty tome that saith
How he rode through the Dartmoor
lanes
To his woful, dauntless death.
But I, in the summer's prime,
From that lovely leafy land
Look back to the olden time
And the leal and loyal band.
I see them dash along,-
I hear them charge and cheer,
And my heart goes out in a song
To the poet-cavalier.
PERPETUITY.
L AST night a mighty poet passed away:
" 'Yho now will sing our songs?" men cried at morn.
Faint hearts, fear not! Somewhere, though far away,
At that same hour another bara was born.
288
MAR Y ELEANOR WILKLYS.
[1861-88-
;1Rarp cëlcsnot ([lílfií1t
.
BOR
in Randolph, )Iass.
OLD LADY PIXGREE.
[A Hurnble Rornance, and Other Stories. 1887.]
I T was almost dark at half-past four. Nancy Pingree stood staring out at
one of her front windows. Not a person was passing on the wide country
:l'Oad; not one came up the old brick walk between the dry phlox bushes to
the house.
It was the same picturc out there which thc old woman had looked at hun
dreds of times beforc in winter twilights like this. The interest in it had died
away with the expectation of new developments in it which she had had in
her youth. Nature to Nancy Pingree bad never ùeen anything but a back
ground for life.
'Yhen she had first gone to thc window she had said, "I wish I could see
somebody comin' that belonged to me. ..
Then she simply stood thinking. The tall, graceful, leafless trees arching
over the quiet snowy road, and the glimpse of clear yellow west
rn sky through
them, the whole landscape before her, with all the old lights of her life shin-
ing on it, became a mirror in which she saw herself reflected.
She startcd finally, and went across the room with a long shamhle. She was
lame in one bip; but, for all that, there was a certain poor majesty in her car-
riage. Her rusty black dress hung in straight long folds, and trailed a little,
She l1eld her head erect, and wore an odd black lace turban. She had made
the turban herself, with no pattern. It was a direct outcome of her own in-
dividuality; perched on the top of her long old head it really was-Xancy
Pingree.
She took down a plaid shawl which was hanging in a little side entry, pinned
it ovcr hcr head, and opened the outer door into thc clear twilight. Straight
from the door, on this side of the old house, an avenue of pine-trees led to a
hen-coop. \Vhatever majestic idea had been in the head of K ancy's grand-
father, Abraham Pingree, whcn he had set out these trees, it had comc to this.
Nancy went down between the windy pines, OTer the crusty snow, to the
hen-coop. She camc back with two eggs in her hand, "Thetve done pretty
well to-day," said shc to herself.
"-hen she was in thc house again she stood shivering for a little while over
her sitting-room air-tight stove. Shc still held the cggs. A question bad
come up, the answer to which was costing hcr a struggle.
" Here's two egg
," said she. "I could bave one Liled for supper; I kinder
feel the need of it too; I ain't had anything hcarty to-day. An' I could lurve
the other one fried with a little slice of salt pork for breakfast. Seems to me
I should reely reli::;h it. I s'posc }Iis' Stevens would admire to have an egg for
:;:upper. J cnny ain't had any work this wcek, an' I know she ain't been out
anywhcre to buy anything to-day. I
hould think bermothcr would actilIy go
1861-88]
JLIR Y ELBd
YOR WILKLYS.
289
faint sometimes, withont meat an' egg an' sech hearty things. She's nothin'
lJut skin an' bone anyway. I've a good mind to kerry her one of these eggs.
I would ef I didn't feel as ef I reely needed it myself."
The poor soul stood there looking at the eggs. Fin:).Ily she put the smaller
one in a cupboard beside the chimney, and went out of the sitting-room into
the front hall with the larger one. She climbed stiffly up the stairs, which
werc fine old winding ones. Then she knocked at a door on the landing.
A thin, pretty-faced young woman opened it. Nancy proffered the egg.
She had a stately manner of extending her lean arm.
"Here's a new-laid egg I thought 'your mother might relish for her supper,
Jenny," said she.
Th"e yonng woman's sharp, pretty face grew red. "Oh, thank you, )liss
Pingree; but I-don't think mother needs it. I am afraid-you will rob
yourself. "
. Nancy held her wide mouth stiff, only opening it a crack Vi hen sbe spoke.
"I've got plenty for myself, plenty. I shouldn't use this one before it spiled,
mebbe, f'f I kep' it. I thought p'rhaps it would go good for your mother's
supper; bnt you can do just as you like about takin' it."
The 'young woman accepted the egg with rescrved thanks, then, and K ancy
went stiffly back down-stairs.
"I gne
s ef Jenny Stevens hadn't took that egg, it would ha,-e been the last
thing I'd ever offered her, " said she, when she was in her sitting-room. ., I
don't sec how she ever got the idea f:5hc scems to have that I'm so awful poor."
She made her8elf a cup of tea, and ate a slice of bread-and-butter for her
supper; she had resolved to save her own egg until morning. Then she sat
down for the m-ening with her knitting, She knitted a good many stockings
for a friend's family. That friend came in at the side door presently. Kancy
heard her fumuling auout in the entry, but she did not rise until the sitting-
room duoI' opened.
Then, ,. Why, how do you do,
Iis' Holmes?" said she, rising, in apparent
surprIse.
" I'm pretty 'well, thank yon, X anc.y. How do you do?"
,. 'Buut as usual. Do take off Jour things an' set down, "
The visitor had a prosperous look;
he was richly dressed to country eyes,
and had a largc, masterly, middle-aged face.
" I just heard some saù news," said she, laying aside her shawl.
., You dOll't say so! '.
" Old )lrs. Powers was fonnd dead in her bed this morning. "
Kancy's face took on an anxious look; shc asked many questions about the
sudden death of }[r
. Powers. She kept recurring to the same topic all the
evening. "Strange how smlù.ell folks go nowadays:" she often repeated,
\t length, just before }frs. Holmes went, she stood up with an air of re::;o-
lutioll. "}[js' Holmes, " said she, with it solemn tremor in her voice, ,. I wish
you 'd jc
t step in here a minute."
)lrs. Holmes followed her into her bedroom, which opened out of the sit-
ting-room. K ancy pulled out the bottom drawer in a tall mahogany bureau.
"Louk here, Mis' Holme::;. I've bccn thinkin' of it ovcr for SOllIe timc, all
VOL. XI.-19
290
JL1R r ELE.LYUR TVILKI..NS.
[1861-88
wantin' to speak about it; an' hearin' old Mis' Powers was took so sudden,
makes me think meLbe I'd better not pnt it off any longer. In case anything
]mppened to me, yon'd probably be one to come in an' see to thIUgS, an
yuu
d
want to know where everything was, su JOu eouhl put your hand on it. 'Yell,
all the clothes yuu'd need are right there, folded up in that drawer. .An' )Iis'
Holmes, you'll never speak of this to anyboùy ? ..
,. No, I won't."
" In this corner, under the clothes, you'll finù the money to pay for my
Imryin'. I'T"e been savin' of it up, a f('w cents at a time, this twenty year. I
calculate there's enough for every thin', I want to be put in that yacant place
at the end of the Pingree lot, an' have a flat stone, like the others, you know.
If I leaye it with you, you'll :;:ee that it's all ùone right, won't you, ::\Iis'
Holmes? I feel pretty perticklar about it. I'm the last of the hull family,
you know, an' they were pretty smart folks. It's all run out now, I ain't
nothin', but I'd kinder like to have my lmryin
done like the others. I don't
want it done by the town, an' I don't want nobody to give it to llle, I want
to pay for it with my own money. You'll see to it, wunt you?"
"Of conrse I win. Everything shall be done just as you
ay, if I have any-
thing to do about it,"
Irs. Holmes was rarely shocked or painfully touched: but the sight of
that poor little hoard of white clothes and burial money called up all the
practical kindness in her nature. Everyone of K ancy'::; wishes would be faith-
fully carried out under her supervision. .
"If they put the railroad they're talking about through here, it'll make
us rich. The Deacon says it wIll go through the south part of this laud, "
e'd
have enough money for burying and living tùo," said )[rð, Holmes, as Kaney
shut and locked the drawer.
HI ain't no stock in the railroad; an the money would belong to the Deacon
cf it was put through this land. I've got all over carin' for riche
, All I wunt
is to be buried independent, like the rest of my folks. ..
"How's the woman up-stairs? " asked )[1'8. Holmes whell she took !Pave
finally. She had three pairs of Sancy's 1ìnisheù. stockings in a bundle.
,. She's pretty poorly, I think. She keeps me awake 'most all the time. ..
:Nancy did not go fal.ther than the sitting-room dour with her departing
'Tisitor. 'Yhen she had beard the outer àoor close after her, bhe went swiftly
out into the entry. She held the lamp in ber band, and peered sharply into
the corners.
"Yes, she did," said she, and took np a good-sized l'oT"ereù hasket from
hehind the door eagerly,
She carried it into the sitting-room, and opened it; it wa::; packed with
eatables. Done up in a littlp parcel at the bottom W(l
the pay for the three
}Jairs of stockings.
This was the code of etiquette, l'.ihich had to l\e I'trictly adherpd to, in the
matter of K aucy's receiving presents or rCll1ullcratiol1. Gifts or pre:::ents
openly proffered her were Rcornfully rejected, and ignominiously carried
hack by the donor. Suney Pingree was a proud old woman. People called
her" Olel Laù.y Pingree," Shc had lJot a dollar of her own iu the world, <.'x-
18 1 )1-88]
JIAR y ELEA
' OR WILKINS.
291
cept her 1ittle hoard of burial money. This immense old mansion, which had
been the outcome of the ancient prosperity of the Pingrees, was owneù ell-
tit'ely b
y )Irs. Holmes's husband, through foreclosed mortgage:,:.
.. Y ou'd better foreclo
e, Deacon, " )11'8. Holmes had said, "and make sure
you'ye got the place safe in your uwn hands; an' then you'd Letter let the
poor old lady stay there just the same as long as she Jives. She needn't know
any difference,"
Xancy did know a difference. Down il
the depths of her proud old heart
rankled the knowledge that an outsider owned the home of her fathers, and
that she was Ii ,'ing ill it on toleration. She let some rooms n p-stair
, and re-
cei yed the money for them herself. )1rs. Holmes 'fì bene,'olence was wide,
although it was c;trefuIJy and coolly calculated, All K ancy haù to live on was
the rent of these rooms. Le
iùes the small proceeds from her three hens and
her knitting, anù neighborly dunations, Some day;:; she haù not much fur
sustenance except her prÜle. She was o\-er eighty.
The peuple up-stairs were a widow and daughter. The mother, after an
absence of many year8 and much trouble, had turned back, of her nature, to
the town in which she had been Lorn and hrought up. All her friends were
gone now, but they had used to be there. So they c.lme and hired rooms of
)li53 Pingree, and Jenny did sewing to support herself and her lllother. She
was a f!.'oOll daughter. They had a bard struggle to liye. Jenny did not find
work yery plentiful; a good many of the women here did their own sewing.
She could scarcely pay the rent of fifty cents per week anù buy enough to eat.
Her mother was sick How-in conðumptioll, it was thought. Jenny did nut
realize it. She was not confined to her bed.
Jcnny C3me down and knocked at Nancy's door the next morning. She
had fifty cents in her hand, with which to pay the rent. She always paid it
pnnetuaIly on Saturday morning.
Xaucy cast a glance at the money. "How's Jour mother:" f'aid
;ll(', .. I
heerd her coughin' a good deal last night. "
"ìShc had a pretty bad night, I'm going for the doctor. This is the money
for the rent. "
"Let it go."
" 'Yhy, I owe it. I can pay it just as well now as any time. ..
"I don't want it any time. I don't want any pay for this week. I don't
need it, I've got enough. "
Jenny's face wað crimson. "Thank yon, but I'd rather pay what I owe,
)!i:::s Pingree."
" I sha 'n 1 take it,"
The two poor, proud
onl:.: stood confronting each other. Then .Jenny laid
the fifty cents on the winùow-:,:eat. "You Cfln do just what you've a mind to
do with it, " said she, "I certainly sha'n't takf' it uack. '. rrhell she went out
of the room quickly.
" Strange how she got the idea I was so awful poor!" said Kancy. staring
at the money resentfully. "I won 1 tetch it. nn
Tway. She'll see it la}Tin:)
there next time she comes in.'-
The next time poor Jenny came ill, it \Va::; indeed still lying there on the
292
.JIAR Y ELEANOR WILKINS.
ll
ül-81:)
window-seat, a scanty pile of wealth in five and ten cent pieces and cop-
pers.
But Jenny never noticed it; she had something else to think of then. It
was very early the next morning, but .Miss Pingree was up, kindling the fire
in her sitting-room stove. Jenny ran right in without knocking; she had a
shawl over her head. "011, :Miss Pingree," she cried, .. can't you go up-
stairs to mother while I run for the doctor?"
Nancy dropped the tongs, and stood up. "Is she-'
she began. But Jen-
ny was gone. ,rhen the doctor came there was no need for him. Jenny's
mother was dead. All that was required now was the aid of some of the
friendly, capable women neighbors, Nancy went for them, and they came
promptly, lIIrs. Holmes and two others.
'''hen they had done all that was necessary they went home. Shortlyaf-
terwards Jenny came into Nancy's room; she had on her shawl and hood.
She had been very calm through it all, but her pretty face had a fierce, straineù
look.
" .Miss Pingree," she said, abruptly, "who are the selectmen?"
"'Vhy, Deacon Holmes is one. \Vhat do you want to know for?"
" I've got to go to them. The town will have to bury mother."
" Oh 1" cried Nancy, with two sharp notes, one of pity, one of horror.
Suddenly at that Jenny's forced composure gave way; she sank helplessly
into a chair, and began to balf sob, half shriek. "Oh, mother! mother!
mother! poor mother! To think it has 'ome to this! To think you must be
buried by the town. \Vhat woulù you have said? It's the worst of all. Poor
mother! poor mother! oh, poor mother 1 "
"Haven't you got any money?"
" No. Oh, mother!"
"An' there ain't any of your folks that could help you?"
"\Ve didn't have any folks."
Then she kept on with ber cries amI moans. Nancy stood motionless.
There is no knowing what a clash of spiritual armies with trumpets and han-
ners there was in her brave old heart; but not a line of her face moved; !'he
hardly breathed.
"'Vait a minute, Jenny."
Nancv went into her bedroom and unlocked the lowest drawer in the lm-
reau. She took out all of her little hoard of money except a few cents. She
limped majestically across the sitting-room to Jenny.
"Here, child; there ain't any need of your goin' to the town. I've got
some money here that I can let you have jest as well as not."
" Miss Pingree!"
" Here. "
" Oh, what do you mean? How can I take it? ""hat will you do?"
"I shall do well enough. This ain't all; I've got some more,"
When all of JennY
8 prond
cruples which this terrible emergency had left
her had been snbdued, and she had gone, Nancy took np the fifty cents on
the window-seat,
"Guess she's took this now, an' more too," said she, with an odd tone of
1861-88]
11LIR r ELEANOR WILKI.J.YS.
293
satisfaction. Even now, in her splendid self-sacrifice, there was a litUe leaven
of pride. There was liO mistaking the fact that it gave her
ome comfort in
this harsh charity, which was almost like giving a piece of her uwn heart. She
inspected the ncat appointments of poor jIrs. Stevens's funeral with feelings
not wholly of grief at her own deprivation of
imilar honors, nor yet of hon-
est benevolence. Therc was a grand though half-smothered consciousness
of her own giving in hcr heart. She felt for herself the respect which she
would have felt for an old Pingree in his palmiest days,
As time went on she lost this, however; then the humiliating conscious-
ness of her own condition came uppcrmost. She dreaded to tell Mrs. Holmes
of the change in hcr resources, and now no vanity o\"er her own benevolence
rendered the task easier,
he simply felt inten::;e humiliation at luning to
confess her 10::;s of independence.
However, she never regretted what she haft done.
he grew vcry fond of
Jcnny; indecd, the two had much in common. They generally ate their sim-
ple meals together. Jenny haù plenty of work to ùo now:
Irs. Holmes gave
her a great deal of sewing. She oftcn told K ancy how she was saving up
money to pay her debt; she never suspected the rcal state of the ca:-:e. She
had taken to thinking that )Iiss Pingree must have wider rcsources than she
had known,
.Nancy would have died rather than let her know of the meagre sum in that
consecratcd corner of the bureau drawer. It seemed to her sometimes that
she would rather die than have l\lrs. Hulmes know, but that was nece
sary.
Suppose she should be taken away suddenly, what surprise, and perhaps evcn
distrust, would be occasioned by the
cantine
s of the burial hoard! How-
eyer, she bad not told hel' when spring came,
.At length, she set out after tea one night. She had resolved to put it off
no longer.
The cemetery was on the way. She lingered and looked in. Finally she
en tere(1.
,. I'll jest look around a minute," saiù she. "I dare say )Iis. Holmcs ain't
through supper."
The Pingree lot \Vas almost in sight from the street. Kancy went straight
there. The cemeter.\" was it)o}elf a spring garden, blne and 'white with Hous-
tonias anù violets. The uld gra,cs wcre green, and many little bUðhes were
flowering around them. rrhe gohJ-green leaf-buds on the weeping-willows
were unfolding.
The Pingree lot, however, partook of none of the general lightness and
10T"elinl'ss. No blessing of spring had fallen on that long rank of dead Pin-
gree
. rrhere they lay, in thc order of their deaths, men and women and chil-
dren, each covercd with a flat whitc stouc alJove the grave mould.
Tall, thickly-set evergrecn trces fenced iu closely
he line of graves. In the
mid
t of the cèmetery, wherc gloom was now rendered tender by the infinite
promise of the spring, the whole was a ghastly parallelogram uf hopelessdcath.
Xallcy Pingrce, looking through the narrow entrance gap in thcevergrcens
on thc dark; tomb-like enclosure, had, howcver, no sllch impre.::sion. She rc-
garded this as the lllo
t attractive lot in the cemetcry. Its singularity had
294
JL1R Y ELEANOR WILI{]XS.
pt'G1-88
been in subtle accordance with the Pingree character, anù she was a Pingree.
At one end of the long row of prostrate stones there was a vacant place:
enough for another.
!\" ancy began with this topic when she was seated, a little later, in )Ir....
Holmes's Brussels-carpeted, yehet-npholstered parlor. "I looked in the
grayeyard a minute on my way here," said she, "an' went ovpr to the Pingree
lot. I'd allers calculated to have a stone like the others when I was laid at the
end there; but now I don' know, Yon remember that money I
howed you,
:Mis' Holmes? 'V ell, it ain't there now; I've had to use it. I thought I'd
better tell you, in case you wouldn't know what to make of it, if anything
happened. "
:\Irs, Holmes stared at her, with a look first of amazement, then of intelli-
gence. "Nancy Pingree, you gave the money to bury that woman up-stairs."
"Hush! don't you say anything about it, )[is' Holmes. Jenny don't know
tlw hull of it. She took on so, I couldn't help it. It come over me that I
haùn't got anybody to feel bad ef I was lmried by the town, an' it \voulJn't
make so much difference. "
"How much monev was there?"
" Eighty dollurs,"
aicl Nancy, with the tone in which she would have said
a million.
Irs. Holmes was a woman who was seldom governed Ly hasty impulse;
but she was now. She disregarded the strict regulations attached to giving
in Nancy's case, and boldly offered to replace the money out of her own pocket.
She could well afford to do it.
Nancy looked majestic wi th resentmen t. " No, " said she. "I f it's got to
be done by anybody, I'd enough sight rather 'twould be done by the town.
Thc Pingrees have paid taxes enough in times gone by to make it nothin'
more'n fair, after all. Thank you, )li6' Holmes, but I ain't quite cume to
takin' money out an' out from folk
yet."
"'V ell, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings."
" I know you didn't, )[is' Holmes. You meant it kind enough. 'Ye ,,'on't
say no more about it."
" Don't you believe Jenny will be able to pay yon back, some time?"
" I ùon't know, She says she's goin' to, an
I know she mean!' to-s;he's
awful prouù. But she can.t save np much, poor chlId, an' I shouldn't wonder
ef I died first. 'Vell, never mind. How's the Deacun?"
"He's well, thank yon, lIe's gone to the railroad meeting. Someboùy was
tel1ing me the other day that Benny Field was waiting on Jenny."
",r ell, I believe he's come home with her from meetin' some lately; hut I
don't know. "
'Vhen Nancy reached home that night she wondered if Benny Field were
not really" waiting on J
nn}." She found him sitting with her on the front
door-step.
Before long she knew that he W:18. Jenny came to her one afternoon and
to1d her she was going to marry Benny Field. Nancy had previously received
another piece of intel1ig('nce on the same day.
Early that morning )lrs. Holmes had come over with an important look
1861-8$J
llAR Y ELEA.J.YOR WILK1.J.YS.
295
on her face, find announced to Nancy that the new railroad was indeed going
to be laid through the Pingree land,
., They are going to build the depot down on the corner too," said she;
.. and-the Deacon thinks, sceing the property has come up so much in value,
that it i:m't any more'n fail' that-he should make you a little present.".
.. I don't want any present. "
.. "
ell, I didn't lliéan to put it that way. It isn't a present, It's no more
than your just due. I don't think the Deacon would ever feel just right in his
con::;cience if he didn't }Jay you a little something. Yon know the property
wa
n 't considered worth so 111 uch when he foreclosed."
"How much diù he think of payin'?"
., I belie\"c he said-about two hundred dullars."
"Two hllntlred dollars!"
Xancy had heen full of the bliss of it all da), but she had said nothing
about it to Jenny.
'Yhen the girÌ told her she was going to be married, :x ancy looked at her
half in awe.
.. "
ell, I am glad, I'm sure," said ðhe, finally. ., I hope you'll be happy ef
yon reely think it's a wi::;e thing to do tu git married." Her tone was almost
shamefaced, This old woman, who had neyer had a luver, regardeù this young
woman with awe, half as if she had stepped on tu another level, where it would
be inùecorous for her tu follow even in though t,
.. I suppuse I am happy," said Jenny. .. I never thought anything of thig
kind woulù. happen to me. There's one thing, )Iiss Pingree: I wouhln't
think of getting married, I'd. never consent to getting marrieù, if I didn't
think I could pay up what I owe you, if anything, quicker. Beuny says (I've
told him about it; I said at first I wouldn't get married anyway till you were
paid) that I shall have a sewing-machine, and I can have sume help, and set
up a little dre:,smakillg shop. I ain't going to buy a single new thing to wear
when I get married. I tuM him I wasn't. I've got a little money for you now,
)[iss Ping-ree. P
.. Oh, " Faic] Sancy, looking at her with the ecstatic consciousness of her
new wealth in her hf'art, .. I ùon't want it, child, ever, I'm glad I could do
it for your poor mother. 1'n' got plenty of monf'Y. I wish you'd keep this
an' buy yourself some weddin' things with it."
Even Jenny's pride wa
softened by her happinesð. She looked up at )Iiss
Pingree gratefully; she would have put her arms around her and kisbed her
had )Iis;; Pingree becn a woman to cares::; antI she her;;e}f given to care::;ties.
.. You are real good to me," said she, .. amI yuu were good to mother. I do
tlwnk yon; but-I shùuld never take a bit of comfort in a new ùrc::;
until I
had paid you every dollar of that money,"
There was a heautiful clear sunSf't that night. K ancy Pingree sat looking
o,er at it frum hel' sitting-room window. All her heart was full of a ðweet,
alll1u::;t rapturous peace. She had had a uare, hard life; amI now the one
earthly ambition, pitiful and melancholy as it bcemed, which had kept its
living fire was gratified.
And perhapð that iutlel'elldent burial in the \:want corncr of the ghastly
296
FR
lj.VK DE.JIPSTER SHERMAN,
[1861-88
Pingree lut meant more than itself to this old woman, whose great unselfish-
ness had exalted her o'"er her almost cowardly pride.
Perhaps she caught through it more strongly at the only real prospect of
delight which all existence could hold for one like her. Perhaps she saw
through it, by her own homely light, the Innocent Cityand the Angel-people.
and the Sweet Green Pastures and Gentle Flocks and Still \r aters, and her-
self chang('d somehow into something beautiful. Perhaps the grosser ambi-
tion held the finer one with its wings.
As she sat there, Benny Field came to the door for Jenny. They were go-
ing to walk.
Nancy watched them as they went down the path. "I wonder," said she,
"if they are any happier thinkin' about gettin' married than I am thinkin'
about gettill' bul'Ìed."
tanli WCntpøtct
IJrrt1tan.
BORN iu Peekskill, N. Y., 1860.
B
\.CCHrs.
[.J.lfadrl:gals and Catche8, H38ì.-Uncollected Poems. 11;87 -89.]
L ISTEN to the tawny thief,
Ilid behind the waxen leaf,
Growling at his fairy host,
Bidding her with angry hoast
Fill his cup with wine distilled
From the dew the dawn has spilled:
Stored away in gol<lcn casks
Is the precious draught he asks.
'Vho,-who makes this mimic din
In this mimic meadow inn,
Sings in such a drowsy note,
1Vears a golden ùelted coat;
toiters in the dainty room
Of this tavern of perfume;
Dares to linger at the cup
Till the yellow sun is up ?
Bacchus, 'tis, come back again
To the busy haunts of men;
Garlanùed and gayly dressed,
Bands of gold about his breast;
Straying from his paradise,
Having pinions angel-wise,-
'Tis the honey-bee, who goes
Revelling within a rose!
FOR RAYNTE VALE
TYXE, IllS D.ATE.
G OE, little Rhyme, & gl'eete Her,
Goe, tel Her yt I thinke
Things infinitely sweeter
yn I maie pu tt in Inke:
ye :Musick of ye metre
Shal linger on ye Aire
ye whiles She turns ye Leaves & learns
ye Secrett hidden there,
Flye, little Leafe of Paper,
Flye, merrie-hearted HiI'd,
& lett your Fancie shape Her
Some dear &- simple \Y ord
Soe sweete it sha'n't escape Her,
& if a Blushe you see
Steale upp &- chase across H
r face,
Return &, counsell me,
1861-88]
FRAXK DEMPSTER SHER3IAN.
297
Haste, little God! I send Her,
Bye Yon, yS .MS.,
.Weh hopefull Love has penned Her
'Vithe quill in Honie dipt j
Haste; bidd lIeI' Heart be tcnder
17nto ye lightsome Line
'Where I in maske have come to aske
To ue Her Valentyne!
WIKTER STARLIGHT.
T HE air is keen, the sky is clear,
The winds have gone in whispers
down;
And, gleaming in the atmosphere,
A jewel, lies the lighted to\yn.
The winter's mantle stretches white
"Cpon the roofs and streets below;
All hushed, the noises of the night,
Against the bosom of the snow.
'The Jloon from her blue dwelling-place
Smiles over all, so pale, so fair,
It seems the Earth's wan, winter face
Reflected in a mirror there.
Far off the lonely trees uplift
Their naked branches, like the spars
Of some deserted ship adrift
Under a canopy of stars.
It is the darkened world that rides
The sea of space, forever drawn
By secret winlls and mighty tides
Unto the harbor of tht:: Dawn.
U P in her balcony where
Vines through the lattices run
Spilling a scent on the air,
Setting a screen to the sun,
Fair as the morning is fair,
Sweet as a blossom is sweet,
Dwells in her rosy retreat
Pepita.
Often a glimpse of her face,
"\Vhen the wind rustles the vinp
Parting the leaves for a space,
Gladùens this window of minc;
Pink in its leafy embrace,-
Pink as a roseleaf is pink,
Sweet as a blossom I think
Pepita.
PEPITA.
I who dwell over the way
'Vatch where Pepita is hid
Safe from the glare of the day
Like an eye under its lid:
Over and over I say-
Name like the song of a bird,
l\Ielody shut in a word,-
" Pepita. "
Look where the little leaves stir!
Look,-the green curtains arc drawn!
There in a blossomy blur
Breaks a diminutive dawn -
Dawn and the pink face of her,-
Name like the lisp of the South,
Fit for a rose's small moutll,-
Pepita!
298
FRANK DE.J.lIPSl'ER SHERMAN.
[1861-88
O)IAR KHA YY Á:\1.
A T Naishú.púr his ashes lie
O'ersha<lowed hy the mosque's blue
dome;
There folded in his tent of sky
The star of Persia sleeps at home.
The Rose l1('r buried
ightingale
Remembers, faithful all these years;
Around his grave the winds exhale
The fragrant sorrow of her tears.
Sultans and Slaves in caravans
Since )Ialik Shah have gone their way,
And ridges in the Kubberstans
Are their memorials to-day.
But from the dust in Omar's tomb
A Fakir has revived a Rose,-
Perchance the old, ancestral bloom
Of that one Ly the mosque which blows.
Out of its petals he has caught
The inspiration Omar knew,
Who from the stars his wis(IOIll brOlwht,
A Persian Rose that drank the de;. .
The Fakir now in dust lies low
'With Omar of the Orient;
Fitzgerald,-shall we call him
0;
'Twas Omar in the Occident!
THE LIBRARY.
G IVE me t.he room whose every nook
Is dedicated to a book.
Two willllows will suffice for air
Aud grant the light admission there;
One looking to the south, and one
To speed the red, departing snn.
The eastern wall from frieze to plinth
Shall be the Poet's labyrinth,
'Where one may find the lords of rhyme
From Homer's down to Dobson's time;
And at the northern si(le a space
Shall show an open chimney-plnce,
Set round with ancient tiles that tell
Some legend old and 'weave a spell
About the firedog-guarded seat,
'Vhere one may dream an(1 taste the heat:
Ahove, the mantel should not lack
For curios and bric-à-brac,-
ot much, but just enough to light
The room up when the fire is bright.
The volumes on this "wall should Le
All prose and all philosophy,
From Plato down to those who are
The dim reflections of that star;
And these tomes all should serve to show
How much we write-how little know'
For since the problem first was set '
N
one has ever solved it yet.
Upon the shelves toward the west
The scientific books shall rest;
Beside them, History; above,-
Rcligion,-hope, and faith, and love:
Lastly, the southern 'wall should hold
The story-tellers, new ana old;
Haroun al Haschid, who was truth
And happiness to all my youth,
Shall have the honored place of all
That dwell upon this sunny wall,
And with him there shall stand a throng
Of those who help mankind along
More by their fascinating lies
Than all the learning of the wise.
Such be the library; and take
This motto of a Latin makí'
To grace the door through which I
pass:
Hie habitat Fdicitas!
1861-88]
HE.J..YRY HARLAJ..YD.
299
,ent}? L
atlantJ.
BORN in New York,
. Y.) 1861.
MR. SON:NEXSCHEI:N'S IXHERITAXCE.
[A Latin-Quarter Courtship, and Other Stories. By Sidney Luska. 1889.]
I.
SCHLE"}IIEL.
T HE English language very likely possesses an equivalent for the Jüdisch
word Schlemiel; but I have tried in vain to find it. Briefly, a Schlemiel
is a person who never prospers, with whom everything goes wrong. Born un-
der an evil star, or with a leaden spoon in his mouth, he is constitutionally
unsuccessful. )lisfortnne has marked him for her own; ill luck accompa-
nies him through life. The witty ,Jewish author Leopold Kompert says that
while other people seize opportunities by the head, the Schlcmiel lays hold of
them by the foot, and allows them to wriggle and kick themselves luose. Put
gold into the hands of your Schlemiel, adc18 Kompert, it turns to copper. Let
him purchase a cask of wine; when hc opens the spigot, yinegar gushes forth.
Yet, of all mortal men, the Schlemiel is usually the best-natured, the lightcst-
hearted. A perpetual sunny smile illuminates his face. He seems to reganl
his sorry destiny as an excellent practical joke. at which, thuugh it be at his
own expensc, he can laugh as well as another. Calamity is his native element.
He i:; impervious to it. He minds it 110 more than a salamander minds fire,
or a duck water. The Lord shapes thc back to the burden, That same care-
less and irresponsible temperament which is constantly bringing the Schle-
miel to grief enables him to accept it with a shrug. Not but that, once in a
while, you may meet a melancholy, cven a crabbed and misanthropic, Schle-
miel; but he will also be a highly exceptional Schlemiel.
By his own admission, as well as by thc judgment of his friends, Emman-
uel Sonnenschein was a Schlemiel. "I ain't no goot." he u
ed to say, with
an hilarious twinklc in his eye. "I ain't got no sense. I'm a raikular Schle-
miel." He was a very old man, white, and bent, and wrinkled; but, though
he rather prided himself upon his age, anù loved to prate about it, the exact
figure of it he woulù never tell.
II.
SCHLE)IIEL '8 EXPECTATIO:YS.
He lived with his crippled daughter Nettie up
eveml flights of dark and
rickety stairs, in a tenement-huuse overlooking Tompkins Square. Nettie
passed her life betwecn her Led and her easy-chair.
rr. Sonnenschein did
thc house-worh.,-cooked the meals and wa::;Ìled the dishes, madc the beds and
kept the quarters clean.
)Ir. Sonnenschein commonly urrived just a
wc had finished dinner, while
300
lIE.LYR Y HARLAND.
[1861-88
.
we were getting into sympathy with our newly lighted cigars. 'Ye would in-
stall him at the table,-for in respect of that virtue which ranks second only
to godliness he was unimpeachable,-fill his plate and his wineglass, and wait
expectantly for the good cheer to loosen his tongue. By and by, face fairly
radiant of benevolence, he would lean back in his chair, heave a mighty sigh
of satisfaction, wipe the tears of enjoyment from his eyes (with his napkin),
and the unruly member would begin to wag. I always enjoyed listening to
him, he was so simple-minded and so optimistic,
" Yail, now, ùis is a funny yorld, Saimmy; it is, and no mistake. Y [lis,
it's an awful funny yorld, dere ain't no use in talking. Yail, now look at here.
I yas a Schlemicl,-hey? Dere ain't 110 kervestion about dot,-I ,as a Schle-
miel. Yail, now look at here. l\Iaybe you vouldn't belief me,-you might
tillk I vas trying to fool you.-but, honor bright, I got a brudder ofer ill
Chairmany who's yun of de ,ery luckiest shentlemen dot vas aifer Lorn.
Now, ain't dot funny? ... IlisnameisShakie,andmeandhim,aster,ius.
Yail, I suppo
e dere vasn't goot luck enough to go around beterveen us; so
Shakie he got it all, and I didn't get ainy. All de same, I leaf it to you if it
ain't awful funny. . . . Vail, Shakie, he vas so fearful luck}', he tent into
de chewelry business, and he got rich, Yail, I dou't know shust exaictly how
rich he ,aoS; I ain't naifer aiskeù him. But I don't belief he's vort less as fifty
or a hoonert tousand tollars. Vail, of course, he might not be vort more as
terventy-fife or tirty tousand. But he's an awful rich sbentleman ainyhow;
Jon can Lf't a hat on dot. Vail, Shakie he ain't naifer got mairried, nor haid no
children; so fen he dies I get his money. Vail, hc cain't expect to live much
longer, for he's a fearful old man by dis time already, and it ain't necheral
dot he should live to get much older. Him and me vas tervills; so he's shust
exactly as old as me; -and you ain't got no idea how old dot is. Vail, I'll feel
awful sorry fen Shakie dies; yais, I'll feel simply terrible; but he cain't ex-
pect to live much longer,-he's so fearful old,-and I'll be glaid to get dot
money on account of K ettie. I don't care two cents about money on my own
account; I don't, honor brigh t. But poor little Nettie, she's haid such a hart
time of it aU her life, I'll be glaid fen I get money enough to let her live in
comfort. . . . . Vail. Saimmy, my Lrudder Shakie he's an awful goot-hearted
shentleman, and he's got a lot of faimily feeling about him; and I suppose if
I wrote him a letter to-morrer, and aisked him to make me a present of a
tou
and tollars,-vail, I suppoðe Shakie he'd saind it to me by returner-mail;
he's an old bechelor, you know, and he's got so much faimily feeling, But I
ain't naifer aisked him for yun single cent. No, sir; I go to de poor-house
sooner as aisk my brudder Shakie for a haif a toBar. Dot's becoase I'm so
prout. You ain't got no Ùlea how prout I am. Dere ain't no use in talking,
I shouldn't ,under if 1 Ya
about de proutest shentleman de Lord aifer mait.
And does the reason I vouldn't aisl\.. no favors of my brudder Shakie. I
vouldn't let him know dot I ain't so rich as himself, not for ten boonert tou-
sand tonal's. I'm so fearful pronto Fy, Saimmy, my brudder Shakie he don't
dream dot I vas a Schlemiel. Vail, I guess maybe if he knew dot,-he's got
so much faimily feeling aùout him,-I guess maybe if Shakie knew dot, it
vould ùreak his heart. "
1861-88]
IIENR Y HARLAYD.
301
""'-ell, )11'. Sonnenschein," my mother would presently inquire, "what
ha
Xettie been doing lately? I hope you have brought some of her things
with you to i5how us, "-thus pru\ing herself to be a consummate hypocrite,
though frum the kindest motives.
His hands ,,'ould R,y up toward the ceiling; his head would begin to s\yay
from side to side; :lnù, " ...\.ch, Nettie!" he would cry in response. "S ettie!
She's a born Ylmdcr! Industrious ain't no YOI'd for it. She's de graindest
yorker in de U nitcd States, she simply is. V ork, vork, vork, from de time she
\akes oop in de morning till she goes to sleep again at night' I naifer seen
noùings like it in all my life before, It '8 fearful. And such a tailen t! I don't
know fcre she gets it. Yail, I gness maybe she gets it from her mommer.
Yai
, my yife ,as Hm of ùe ver
smartest ladies de Lord aifer mait; and I
guess maybe dot's how my dowter Xettie gets hcr tailent. ,rail, she's been
vorking a new paittern lately, fich she mait oop out of her own hait. It's de
most maih..nificeut ting she aifer donc; it'B elegant; it's immense. I got it ill
tidies and piller-shaims and table-maih anù bait-kervilts. You'll fall daid in
loaf mit it: I bet a hat on dot. Hold on."
Therewith he would open his pack. and display treasures, going into rap-
tures of enthusiasm oyer them. "Ain't dey splendid? Ain't ùey serveet ?
Ain't my clowtcr got a chenn-wine tailent?" etc" etc. He was gcnerosity in-
caI'nate, was )11'. Sonnenschein; and after we had satisfied onr consciences
by the purchase of tidies enough to fi t ou t a colony, he would throw in two or
three extra ones, as he explained, "for loaf." Our protestations to the effect
that he mustn't rob himself he would quickly silence, crying, "Don't mention
it. Don't say anudder vord about it. Dere ain't nodings stinchy about me.
Goot maisure, small proafit
, kervick sales,-dot's my motter. Tah.e 'em
anù. vailcome. You say anudder vord about it, I trow in some more." That
threat was effectual. "retook them,
III.
SCHLE:MIEL '8 PRrDENCE.
Yes, his habit was to drop in npon us not scldomer than three or four times
a year; but a period of quite six months had elapsed, and he bad given us no
sign of life, and we were beginning to won dcI' what had become of him,-
when, one blustering evening in K ovemher, at his usual huur, he entered our
dining-room.
From the instant we laid eyes upon him we knew that something extraor-
ùinary was in the wind. His accoutrement proclaimed as much, anù so (lid
the profound dejection that was painted upon his face. Instead of the mot-
ley assortment of othcr people's snperannuatcc1 garments in which we were
wont to see him clad, he wore a brand-ncw suit of broadclot h, A black cravat
cncircled his gnarled and ancient throat. In hi
hand he carried a glossy
stove-pipe hat, with a crape band about it; and umler his arm, all oblong-
tbickii5h parcel, neatly done up in a paper, and tied with pink twine: while
thc badge and instrument of his profession, his accustome(] pack, was nowhcrc
to be seen. His countenance: as I have said, be
pohé a deep and consuming
melancholy.
302
llEXRT HARLASD.
[1861-88
"'Vhy,
Ir. Sonlienschein ! " exclaimed my mother, starting up in alarm
and advancing to meet him. "'Vhat has happened? ,rhat's the matter?
Is-has-is Nettie"-
. , No," he interrupted, with a solemn gesture and in a sepulchral voice.
"N 0, it ain't Nettie, No, tank de Lord, it ain't so baid as dot. But it's fear-
ful all de same. It's my brudder,-it'B my brudder Shakie."
"What!'" we all cried in concert. "He's dead?"
"Yais," replied )Ir, Sonnenschein, sinking into a chair, the picture of a
mall prostrated and undone by grief. ,. Yais, he's daid, my brlldder Shakie's
daid. '. ....\fter a brief pause, in a suùden passionate outburst: "Ach Gott,
and ye vas ter\ ins!"
He bowed his head, and for a little while his sorrow seemed to depri,e him
of the power of speech. The rest of llS, too, kept silence. 'Ye were surprised
to see him so painfully affected, but we were also very much impressed,
Presently he raised his head, and slowly, in a shaken voice, went on: "Y ais,
Shakie's daid. It's about two monts ago already I got de news. Vail, it
pretty nearly broke my heart. Him and me vas tervins. . . . . Poor Shakie!
He vas an awfnl.qoot-hearted shentleman, and he hadn't oughter been taken
a\"ay. Oh, vail, I snppose his time haid come. He vas fearful old; and I
gne.ss maybe his time haid come. He couldn't expect to Ii ve foraifcr ; his time
haid come; and so he haid to die. Yail, dis is a hart vorld; an ontracheous
hart yorId, dere's no two Ya
Ts about it: hut de Lord Illait it, and I suppose he
haid some reason for it. Boruch dajir emes!" "\rith that pious ejaculation,
-Blessed be the Most High Judge,-be aoain Lowed his bead and held his
peace.
Somc minutes passed in unbroken silence. Then, all at once, .Mr.
on-
nen
chein drew a deep, loud sigh and straightened up. He ga\-e his shoul-
ùers a prodigious shrug, as if to shake off his spiritual burden; be passed his
hanùs over his faee as if to wipe away the shadows that darkened it. . . . .
Abruptly, with a sudden change of mien and manner,-eyes lighted by their
familiar happy smile,-yoice "Vibrant with its familiar jubilant ring,-U But
I got de money," he cried. U I got terventy-nine tousanù, seven hoonert and
sixty tonal'S; and I've come ofer to haif you conkratulate me. I only got it
de day before yesterday, or I'd haif come around sooner. I hope yon yon.t
mind, but I hrought a couple bottles champagne along to celebrate mit. You
folks, you heen awful friendly to me fen I vas poor alreaùy. and :you yas raik-
ular customers of mine; so, now I vas rich, I tought I like to give you a little
treat. "
With that he undid the mysterious paper parcel which we had noticed at
his entrance, and produced surely enough a couple of bottles of champagne.
"Fill oop your glaisses, " he urged. "Fill 'em oop. Don't he afraid of it.
It's chenu-wine. Vail, here goes! Shalom alecltem! Peace to you! Drink
hearty. Dere's plenty more fere dot comes from,"
The gayety of the company was speedily restored, and we drank to our old
friend's prosperity with right good will.
" Y ais," he said, smacking his lips npon a hu mper of his wine, "I got de
mOl1('Y ùe day before Jesterday. I got a draift on de bainking estaiblisbment
1861-88]
HENR Y HARLAND,
303
of Schaumberg, Knaus, Bauer & Co., clown in Yilliam Street. I ain't baid it
caished yet. j)ere it is."
He b
;d unbuttoned his coat and extracted from its inside pocket a dilapi-
dated leather wallet. Out of this he picked his draft and handed it to me for
circulation around the table. The amount was, as he had said, 8:!9,7GO.
"'VeIl, )11'. Sonnenschein," my father asked, "how do yon propose to in-
vest this money? Can I be of any assistance to you in attending to its inxest-
ment?)'
" Vail, no, I guess not, tank you," he returned. "It's awful goot-nechered
of you to make de oafÌer; but I guess not, tank you all de same. No; to tell
you de honest troot, I don't make no investments of dot money; I keep de
cai::;h. Yon see, I vas a Schlemiel. Vail, a Schlemiel is a party who's bount
to haif bait luck. Yail, if I put dot money in de baink, de first ting I know,
clf' baink'll bust. Or else, if I buy stoacks mit it, de stoack company Till fail:
or coverment boants, de coverment vill get into a Yar. If I put it in a mow-
gage on real estate, de title to dot real estate would be defaicted. Dere's no
two yays ahout it. I Tas a Schlemiel. No, sir, I don't make no investments
of dot money; I be sure to lose it, dere ain't no use in talking. But I tell you
fat I do. I tought it all ofer in my own mind, and now I tell you fat I do.
To-morrer morning I go down-town, and I call at de office of Schaumberg.
Knaus, Baner & Co., in Villiam Street, and I get dot draift caished,-hey?
Yail, den I take dot caish buick oop-town again mit me; and I go to myfriend
)lr. Solomon Leyinson, who keeps a second-haint clodings estaiblishment in
de basement of de house I live in; and I aisk )Ir. Levinson to put dot caish
ill his chenu-wine burglar-proof safe, and keep it for me,-you understand?
Yail, den fen me and Nettie needs some money, den I go to dot safe, and I
take out a hoonert tollar
,-you see de point? Tirty tousand tollars! :My
kracious, dot's enough to laii5t me and :x ettie longer as ve cider of ns Ii ves; it
is, honor bright. Ve ain't extraivagant, and v(' ain't got no heirs to feel dis-
appointed if ve don't leaf no fortune. :K 0, sir; I vas a Schlemiel. I don't
make no investments of dot money; I be sure to lose it. I keep de caish."
Unanimously and yehemently we protested against this course. "T e la-
bored long and hard to convince him of its rash un wisdom. 1\T e assured him
that of all the possible dispositions of his money which he could make, this
was the wildest, the most hazardous; and we iuvoked every argument by
which a reasonable human being could be mm-ed to yindicate our propo::;i-
tion.
He heard us ref:pectfully to the end, while a tolerant smile played about
his lips. Then he rejoined, "Dot's all right. Fat you folks say is shui5t ex-
aictly so. You got an awful lot of sense about you, and you arkue simply
f:plendid,-especiaJly Saimmy. )[y kracious, if Saimmy vas to go to de laich-
islature, he'd make a chenu-wine sensation, he arkues so goot. lIe yas tlneche-
ral dehater, dere's no two ,'ays about it. But I tell you how it is. Dere's a
proyerb fich goe:-:, . Circumstainces alter cases.' Yail, dot'::; all aictual faict ;
dey do, and no mi:;:take. Yail, now I tell you how it is. You see, I vas a
Schlemiel. Yail. a Schlemiel is a party who's bount to haif hait luck. Yail,
if I make ainy investments of dot money, I be f:ure to lose it; I yould, honor
304
HE
VRY HARLAND.
[1861-88
bright. So, I don't make no investments of it. I don't run no risks. I keep
de caish."
And so he went away, leaving us in an exasperated and anxious frame of
mind. 'Ve tried hard to hope for the best; but how could we help fearing
the worst? To invite disaster by keeping so large a sum of ready money lying
expO::5ed in another man's safe,-who but a Schlemiel could be guilty of such
unmitigated folly?
IY.
SCHLElIIEL'S PEN.
H was rather more than a week later that the post brought me one morning
a letter, written in a cramped foreign hand, of which the following is a true
and perfect copy:
"DIER SA'DIY!
"ime Konfeint to de Haus bei a fieful Kolt an de het and I.Jonks and, i Kand go autt
for fier i gett vurs But i leik, to sie Yon as i got a Fiefnl gut schoke to tell you and Den
annyhau Ime IOll:,;um and i leik to Sie you for Kumpny to schier :\le up vel days ane ole
vumin of de nehmer rebekah doz our Haus vork for es and her and nettie is Die onelie
piepul i sie Ole Day so i gett Kein del' Lonsum and i lei1\: to sie you to tell You dat Schoke
vel ittul mehk you Laff to dei sammy it vil and no mistek vel if a parties a Schlemiel day
ant no Yow, in toking Hies gott to haf bat luck. Yel kum sie l'[e saIllmy for i gess JIa-
bie mei time is com i do on a Brite, iIlle a fieful ole Gentulrnin you no and de Doktor sais
I Gott a bat kase Braun Kietiz, Kom :sie me enyhau de Doktor sed, it ant Kesching.
give my Lof papa and mama your .
"Gut Frent
.. E. ;:'OXXEXSCHEIX! "
I found this epistle lying in wait for me on the breakfast-table. After I
had made what sense of it I could, I passed it over to my mother, saying, "I'll
stop in and see him on my way down-town."
"I'll go with you, " my mother volunteered, some fifteen minutes later,
after the sensation created by the exhibition to the rest of the family of Mr.
Sonnem;chein's effort had sub:Úded. "Poor old man! Perhaps there's some-
thing I can do to make him comfortable."
So, together, my mother and I set out for Tompkins Square.
v.
SCHLEMIEL'S "SCHOKE."
Our greeting over, and our inquiries concerning the exact state of his health
satisfactorily answered (he had indeed a bad cold, but was not nearly so ill as
we had feared to find bim) : "Vail, now, Saimmy," began )11'. Sonnenschein,
"as I told you a great mainy times already, dis is a yunderful vorlel. By and
by, feu you get so old as me, you'll say dc samc tiug; dough now, file you're
young, you might imachine dot I ,as only fooling. 11y kracious, fen I tink
about how vunderful it really is-yail, Saimmy, I'm aictually aistonished-
"Vail, honor bright, I cain't hartly belief it. Vail, now 100k at here. I vas a.
Schlemiel, hey? Vail, a Schlemiel is a party who's bount to haif bait luck,
1861-88]
HESRY HARLAND.
305
ain't he? No maitter fat he does, no maitter fat precowtionshe takes, he cain't
help it: he got to haif bait Inck. Vail, now look at here. It's shust exaictly
about two weeks ago already I got dot draift from de eggs-hecutor of my brud-
del' Shakie ofer in Chairmany. Vail, r guess maybe I told you I vasn't go-
ing to make 110 investments of dot money, becoase, as I vas a Schlemiel, I be
:,llre to lose it. I guess maybe I told you I vas going to keep de caish. Yais,
I tuught it all ofer, and I mait oop my mind dot I better stay on de safe side
and keep de caish. Vail, now look at here. De very next day aifter I seen
you, I vent down-town to de office of Schaumberg, Knaus, Bauer & Co.,
ill Villiam Street, and I got dot draift caished. r got terventy-nine vun-tou-
sand-t011ar pills, vun fife-hool1ert-tollar pill, two vun-hoonert-tol1ar pills, and
de ott sixty tollars in fifes and tens. Vail, Saimmy, den I done all dot money
oop, except dose ott sixty tollars, fich I kep in my poacket, I done it all oop
mit paper in
L poontle, and I vent to my friend )Ir, Solomon Levinson, who
keeps a second-haint clodings estaiblishment down-stairs in de basement;
and I aisked 311'. Levinson to put dot poontle inside his chenu-wine burglar-
proof safe and keep it for me; and )Ir. Levinson hc <.lone it, He put it inside
on de toap shelf, file I stood dere and seen him. Vail, Saimmy, )11'. Levin-
son he's got a lot of curiosity about him, fich is only necheral; and, so, as I
vas leafing, )Ir. Levin:,on he aisked me if I baid any op-shections to inform-
ing him fat dut l'oontle contained. Vail. I tought to myself, 'I gueðs maybe
I better not let nobody know how much money dere is in dot poontle'; so I
said to )11'. Levin
on, . Fy, certainly, I ain't got no op-shection:<. It contains
old loaf-letters.' Dot's fat I said to 1\11'. Levinson, Vail, dot was }H'etty goot
for an oaff-hainder, ,asn't it, Saimmy? Vail, now look at here. Vail, I sup-
po!'e you'd tink dere vasn't vun chaince in a hoonert tousand of ainydings
Imippening to dot money, now it vas loacked oop in :Mr. Levinson's burglar-
proof safe, voulcln't you, Saimmy? Vail, now look at here. Now you'Il see
shust exaictly how it ið fcn a party's a Schlemiel. You'll see fat a vunderful
yorld dis is. Vail, de day )1r. Levinson put dot money inside his safe vas
Friday. Yail, dOli it stainds to reason de next day vas Schabbas (Sabbath);
don't it, Saimmy? Vail, maybe you vouldn't belief me-you might tink I
vas trying to fool you,-but, 1101101' hright,-I hope to die de next minute if
it ain't a faict,-dot very same night,-Sottnrclay night,-aifter ve vas gone
to bait,-vail, Saimmy, I bet yon a brain-new fife tollar Filk hat you cain't
guess fat haippencd. Yon take de Let? Xo? You gif it oop? Hey? Vail,
now look at here. Dot "Vcry f'ame night,-
ottnrday night,-vail. )Ir. Levin-
son he huid a firc in his (,io;taihlishment, and my money got burned oop,-
aifery red cent of it got burned to cinter
! '.
It never once enter<,d )Ir. Sunnenschein's hcad to fear that his fortune was
in danger, for" I tOLight of cour!'c it vas loacked oop in )11', Le"inson's chenu-
winc burglar and firc-proof safe." But the next morning )1r. Levinson came
to see him, and explained that, as his safe had becn somewhat crowded with
matter the da.v before, he had removcd )Ir, Sonnenschein's bundle of old let-
ters and placed it in the cupboard of his writing-deðk. "And den, of course,
as I vas a Schlcmiel, dot cstaiblishmellt haid to ketch fire, and dot writing-
desk, mit aiferyding
inside of it, gct burncd oop, Raikular Schlemiel's luck
VOL. XI.-20
.
.
306
HE.J..YR Y IIARLA...YD.
[1861-88
ain't it, Saimmy? . Vail, aifter all, it don't make much difference. Fen I
got dot money I mait oop my mind dot I'd retire from business, and be asben-
tleman of leisure. Vail, now I simply got to go baick into business aaain;
dot's all dere is about it." I:)
VI.
SCHLIDIIEL'S FRIEND.
[This chapter, omitted from these pages, 1'ecollnl.<; the d isro very, by the narrator (('lid
his friend the Fire .11Iars!tal, that l1Ir. Solomon Le1'in80n harZ pocketed Sonnenschei1t's
greenbacks, and then kindled the fire to account for their dÙmppearance. It ends u'ith
Levinson's confession and surrendpr of the spoil, in consideration of which he is allowed
to enter a plea of guilty to a minor degree of arson, and gets off with a sentence to the
State Prison for a term of ten years.]
VII.
SCHLE:
IIEL'S GRATITUDE.
lr. Sparks and I climbed upstairs t.o 1\11'. Sonnenschein's tenement.
" Vail, my kracious, Saimmy, fat brings you baick again so soon?" was
the old man's greeting.
As briefly and as clearly as I could I eXplained what had happened since
my former 'visit.
" J[ein Gott! You don't mean it !" he cried, when I had done. "Go 'vav.
You don't Teally mean it! :\11'. Le,inson, he set fire to dot estaiblishmen"t,
and you got baick de money? Vail, if I liifer? Yail, dot beats de record; it
does, and no mistake. Talk about brains! Fy, Saimmy, smartneFs ain't no
vord for it. Yon got nUl of ùe graindest haits on your shoulders de Lord
aifer mait. And )Ir. LcvÍn.son, h
aictually set fire to dot estaiblishment, so
as to get my money
Yail, dot vas outracheous, dere ain't 110 nse in talking,
Vail, Saimmy, I cain't hardly belief it; I cain't. honor bright. <,
The marshal was busy with pen and ink at a table hard by, drawing up an
affidavit and a receipt for .:\lr. Sonnenschein to sign and swear to. After the
old man had laboriously traceù bis name amI vouched for the truth of what
was written above it, the marshal handed him the bundle containing his in-
heritance, and, co,el'ed with thanks from both of us, went away.
'Vail, now, Saimmy," said )[1'. Sonnenschein, "now I tell you fat you
do. You cairry dot poontle down-town mit you, and you go to you popper's
.office, and you gif it to him, and
'ou ten him to make all de investments of
dot money fich he likes. Dere's no two vays ahout it, Saimmy, I vas a raiku-
Jar Schlemiel: and I gue
s maybe ùe hest ting I can do is to let
our popper
mainaae dot monev shust exaictly as if it vas his own. K 0 maitter fat invest-
ments he makes oi'it, Saimmy, I tell you Hlll tillg, I bet a hat dot ,""un vayor
anudder dot money gf'ts lost inside six monts. Yail, Saimmy, as I told you
a great mainy times òefore already, dis is a fearful funny vorIel; and I guess
maybe now. aifter dið tire an(l aifeTydings, I gue
s maybe you'll belief me. "
My father made such investments of .. dot money" as would yield )Ir.
Sonnenschein an annual income of fifteen hundred dollars, which the old
gentleman, still halc and hearty, is enjoying to this day. Though a Jew by
.;.
1861-88]
LOUISE IMOGE.N GUIXEY.
307
birth and faith, he is as good a Christian as most of the profes::;ing ones; for
after he learned of Levinson's imprisonment he insisted upon making a lib-
eral provision for )Irs. Levinson and her children, Nor is ingratitude a vice
that could justly be attributed to our Schlemiel. \Vhcn my parents celebrated
the thirtieth anniversary of their wedding, a few months ago, they received
by express a large and luminous worsted-work picture, enclosed by a massive
gilt frame, which represented in the primary colors the nuptial ceremonies
of Jacob and Rachel. A card attached informed them that it came with com-
pliments and be::;t wishes from :\rlr. Sonnenschein and Nettie, and on the ob-
verse of the card, in 1\11'. Sonnenschein's chirography, we read, "Nettie dun
it Ole herself."
But his continued prosperity has undermined the old man's philosophy
and upset all his established views of life. He calls at my father's office to
receive his allowance on the first day of every month, " Vail, ainydings haip-
})cned yet?" is the inquiry with which he in\ariably begins. And when my
father replies that nothing has happened, and proceeds to count out his
money, " Vail, Gott in Himmel, fat kind of a vorId is dis, ainyhow! " 1](' cries.
"I gif it oop, I cain't make haits or tails of it. Here I been a Schlemiel
aifer since I vas born already, and now all of a sutten I change ofer, and I
ain't no Schlemiel no more. Vail, dot beats me,-it beats me all holler, and
no mistake about it. But de Lord done it, and I guess maybe he':::; got some
reason for it. Blessed be de name of de Lord!"
lLouí
c j ntogcn CDuíncp.
Bom, in Boston, }Iass., 1861.
KNIGHT FALSTAFF.
[Son!1'
at the Stm.t. 1884.-Thp White Sail, and Other Poems. 1887.]
I SA"\V the dusty curtain, ages old,
It s purple tatters twitf'llc(l aside, and lo!
The fourth King Harry's reign in lusty show
Rehind, its deeds in living file outrollea
Of peace and war; some sage, some marl, and hold:
Last, near a tree, a bridled neighing row
'Vith late
t spoils eneumhered, saints do know,
By Hal awl liars boon cronies; Oil the wold
Laughter of prince awl commons; there ana here
Travellers fleeing; (lrunken thieves that sang;
"\Yilù bell::;; a tavern's echoing jolly shout;
Signals along the hi!.!hway, full of cheer;
A gate that closed \\ ith not incautious clang,
'Vhell that sweet'rogue, bad Jack! came lumbering out.
308
LOUISE IJIOGEN GUIhEY.
[1861-88
T ARPEIA.
W OE: lightly to part with one's soul as the sea with its foam!
Woe to Tarpeia, Tarpeia, daughter of Rome!
Lo, now it was night, with the moon looking chill as she went.
It was morn when the innocent stranger strayed into the tent.
The hostile Sabini were pleased, as one meshing a bird;
She sang for them there in the ambush: they smiled as they heard,
Her sombre hair pm"plel! in gleams, as she leaned to the light;
All day she had idled and feasted, and now it was night.
The chief sat apart, heavy-browed, brooding elbow on knee;
The armlets he wore were thrice royal, and wondrous to see:
Exquisite artifice, whorls of barbaric design,
Frost's fixèd mimicry; orbic imaginings fine
In sevenfold coils: and in orient glimmer from them,
The variform voluble swinging of gem upon gem.
And the glory thereof sent fever and fire to her eye.
"I had never such trinkets! " she sighed, -like a lute was her sigh.
" Were they mine at the plea, were they mine for the token, all told,
Now the citadel sleeps, now my father the keeper is old,
"If I go by the way that I know, and thou followest hanl,
If .Y
t at the touch of Tarpeia the gates be unbarred? "
The chief tremhled sharply for joy, then drew rein on his soul:
" Of all this arm beareth I swear I will cede thee the whole."
And up from the nooks of the camp, with hoarse plaudit outdealt,
The beardecl Sa1>ini glanced hotly, and vowed as they knelt,
Bare-stretching the wrif-ts that bore also the glowing great boon:
" Yea! surely as over us shineth the lurid low moon,
"Not alone of Ollr lord, but of cfich of us tfike what he hath!
Too poor is the guerdon, if thou wilt but show us the path."
Her nostril upraised, like a fawn's on the arrowy air,
She sped; in a serpentine gleam to the precipice stair,
They climbed in her traces, they closed on their evil swift star:
She bent to the latches, and swung the huge portal ajar.
Repulsed where they passed her, half-tearful for woul1lIed belief,
" The hracelets!" she pleaded. Then faced her the leonine chief,.
And answered her: "Even as I promised, maid-merchant, I do."
Down from his dark shouillcr the baubles he sullenly drew.
1861-88]
LOUISE I.JIOGEN GUINEY.
309
"This left arm shall nothing begrudge thee. Accept. Find it sweet.
Give, too, 0 my brothers!" The jewels he flung at her feet,
The jewels hard, heavy; she stooped to them, flushing with dread,
But the shield he flung after: it clanged on her beautiful head.
Like the Apennine bells when the villagers' warnings begin,
Athwart the first lull broke the ominous din upon din;
With a "Hail, benefactress! " upon her they heaped in their zeal
Death: agate and iron; death: chrysoprase, beryl and steel.
'Neath the outcry of scorn, 'neath the sinewy tension and hurl,
The moaning died slowly, and still they massed over the girl
A mountain of shields! and the ge1l11l1Y bright tangle in links,
A torrent-like gush, pouring out on the grass from the chinks,
Pyramidal gold! the sumptuous monument won
By the deed they had loved her for, doing, and loathed her for, done.
Such was the wage that they paid her, such the acclaim:
All Rome was aroused with the thunt1er that Imried her shame.
On surged the Saùini to battle. 0 you that aspire!
Tarpeia the traitor had fill of her woman's desire.
Woe: lightly to part with one's soul as the sea with its foam!
'V oe to Tarpeia, Tarpeia, daughter of Rome!
::\IO"LSTACIIE.
A FRIENDLESS pup that heard the
fife
Sprang to the column thro' the clearing,
And on to Switzerland and strife
'Vent grenadiering.
)[uch he endured, and much he dared
The long hot doomsday of the nations:
He wore a trooper's scars; he shared
A trooper's rations;
Warned pickets, seized the Austrian
spies,
Bore the despatches; thro' the forces
From fallen riders, prompt and wise,
Led back the horses;
Servce} round the tents or in the van,
Quick-witted, tireless as a treadle:
"This private wins," said )Iarshal Lannes,
" Ribhon and meùal."
(.. ::\Ioustache, a brave French dog," it
lay
Graven on silver, like a scholar's;
""rho lost a leg on .Jena day,
But savee} the colors! " )
At Saragos,>a he was slain;
They huriec1 him, anù fired a volley:
End of ::\Ioustache. Kay, that were
strain
Too melancholy.
His immortality was won,
His most of raptme came to hless him,
"-hen, plumed and proud, Napoleon
Stooped to caress him.
His Emperor's hand upon his head!
lIow, since, shall lesser honors suit him 1
Yet ever, in that army's stead,
Love will salute him.
310
LOUISE IMOGEN G[;ISEY.
[1861-8&
And since not every cause enrolls
Such little, fond, sagacious henchmen,
"Trite this dog's moml on your scrolls,
Soldiers and Frenchmcn!
As law is law, can be no waste
Of faithfulness, of worth and beauty;
Lord of all time the slave is placed
'VllO doth his duty.
No virtue fades to thin romance
But Heaven to use eternal moulds it:
Iark! t;ome firm pillar of new France.
:\Ioustache upholds it.
THE
WILD RIDE.
I HEAR in my heart, I hear in it.
omin01tfl pulses,
All day, the comrrwtion of sinewy, mane-toxxin(} hO'l'ses;
All nigltt, from theil' Cl3118, thl} ÙnpoJ'tv.n(tte tramping and neighing.
Cowards and laggards fall back; but alert to the saùdlc,
Straight, grim, and abreast, vault our weather-worn, galloping legion.
'Vith a stirrup-cup each to the one gracious woman that loves him.
The road is through dolor and dread, over crags and morasses;
There are shapes hy the way, there are things that appal or entice us:
'What odds? "r e are knights, and our souls are but bent on the ridingt
I hear in my hfJ{lrt, I ltear in its ominous pulHes,
All day, the commotion qf sinewy, 'llW1fc-tossing horses;
All ni(}ht, from their cells, the iTflportunate tramping and neighing,
We spur to a land of no name, out-racing the storm-wind;
We leap to the infinite dark, like the sparks from the anvil.
Thou leudest, 0 God! All's well with Thy troopers that follow.
,.
P.A ULA'::; EPIT APTI.
G o you by with gentle tread.
This was Paula, who is dead'
Eyes dark-lustrous to the look
As a leaf-pavilioned brook,
Voice upon the car to cling
Sweeter than the cithcrn-strillg;
Whose shy spirit, unaware
Loosed into refreshful air,
'Vith it took for talh;man,
Climbing past the starry van,
Names to which the hea,'ens do ope-
Candor, Chastity, and IIope.
1861-88]
ERNEST )l'GAFFEY.
311
<êrnc
t j'flcCaffc1?
Bon
in London, Ohio, 1861.
DREA:\IS.
[Uncollected Poems. 1885-!:'û.]
O VER the long, rich, billowy grass, up and clowJ. are the footsteps flying,
Uf viewless winds that pass and leave no token of their flight;
"Tith never a tree to IDar the stretch of the prairic around me lying,
A, dark-green sea, whose rolling waves the sun has tipped with light.
The iron-weed sways on the wind-swept ridge, the wild rose blooms in the hollow,
\. hawk wheels round in circling sweep through trackless paths on high,
And O\"er the grass the breezes go and the tremulous echoes follow,
Filling thc crannies of eddying wimls from earth to sky.
Horizon-ward and far to the west, like the smoke of a distant steamer
)Iounting slow ly up the skies, on the steps of a hidden stair,
Vague, so vague, as vague and dim as the dream of an idle dreamer.
\. curling cloud-wraith, ðpiral formed, is rising through the ait".
SUIl and wind, and the far-off sky; the sun that shines and the wind that passes;
The life that is, and beyond the clouds the life that is to be-
Dreams; all dreams; that come and go, as the wind's light foot-prints over the
grasses,
'Vhat is my life but a drop of min that falls in a shoreless sea
G ERONDIO.
BESIDE that tent and under guard
In majesty alonc he stands
As f<ome chained cagle, broken-winged,
'Yith eyes that gleam likc smouldering
brands;
.A savage face, streaked o"er with paint,
And coal-black hair in unkempt mane,
Thin, cruel lips, set rigidly-
\. red Apachc Tamerlane.
.\s restless as the desert winds,
Yet here he stands like carven stone,
His raven locks by hreczes moved
.A11l1 backward o'er his shoulders blown;
Silent, yet watchful as he waits,
Hohcd in his strange, harharic guise,
'Yhile here and there go searchingly
The cat-like wanderings of his eyes.
The eagle feather on his head
Is dull with lllany a bloody stain,
'Yhile darkly on his lowering brow
Forever rests thc mark of Cain:
Have
ou but seen a tiger caged,
And sullen through his barriers
glare ?
Mark well his human prototype,
The tierce Apache fettered there.
312
GRACE ELIZABETH KIXG.
[1861-88
DIXIE.
B LUE as the sea, "ithout a singlc flaw,
The azure sky reflected hack the day,
And quictly, through drowsy summer air,
Magnolia-blossoms, ueautiful antI rare,
Came floating down and vanished far away
Upon the bosom of the Chickasaw.
The cotton-fields lay white as dri,-ell snow,
And wheat was draped in flowing cloth-of-gold,
",Vhile, wet with dew upon its blades of green,
The springing grass lay ncstled in hetween,
O'erlookc<l hy pines that, like the hanls of old,
Sang rude, sweet mu
ic to the earth he low.
And at thc pine-tree's feet the shining sand,
By Southern rinr sparkling in the sun,
Ba
ked in the warm and perfumed tropic breath,
Till, ushered in past twilight's shadowed death,
The glad gray stars came twinkling one by one,
And watched like sentinels o'er Dixie's Land.
<!5racc (Z!t2'abrtIJ fiíng.
BORN ill Kew Orleans, La.
THE DEY()TIOX OP l\L\.HCÉI.JITE.
[.Jlonsieur
JIolte. 1
8.]
T HE Externes were radiant in toilettes unmarred by accident or omis-
sion ; the flattering compliments of their mirrors at home had turned
their heads in the direction of perfect self-content. Rrsignation was the only
equivalent the unfortunate Internes could offcr in extenuation of the unfin-
ished appearance of their heads.
" lIIais, dis donc, cltèl'e, what is the matter with your 11air ? '.
" J\1arcéli te did not come."
"'Vhy, doudo1.lce, how could you allow your hair to be combed that way?"
U .l\Iarcélite did not come."
, Clté1'ie, I thinl\.. your hair is clll'lec1 a little tight this ('vening, "
"I should think so; that diable :\Iarcélite did not come."
"Mon DiBil, look at )Iadarne .Joubert à la saut'agesse!"
" And :\Iadame à la grand maman ! "
"l\Iarcélite did not come, you see. "
Not only was the room filled, but an eager audience crowded the yard and
peeped in through the windows. The stairways, of course, were filled with
1861-88]
GRACE ELIZABETH KING.
313
the colored serf"ants, an enthusiastic, irrepressible claque. "
hen it was all
over, and the last bis and encore had subsided, row after row of girls was
gleaned by the parcnts, proud possessors of such shawlfuls of beauty, talent,
and prize
. l\Iarie's clasR, the last to leave, were picked off one by one, She
helped the others to put on their wraps, gather up their prizes, and ki:::sed
one after another good-hy.
Each man that came up was, by a glance, measured and compared with her
imaginary standard. H lie is too young." H lie i
tou fat." "I hope he is
not that cross-looking one." ":\Iaybe it is he. " c, "'?hat a funny little one
that is!'. c. Ah, he is very nice-looking!" c. h it he?" "K 0, he is Corinne's
father." "I feel snre he is that ugly, dið3.greeable one." c. Ah, here he is at
last! at last!" " No; he only came to say good-night to )Iadame." "He is
afraid of the crowd." "He is waiting outside." "He is at the gate in a car-
riage." c,
\.fter all, he has only sent :\Iarcélite." "I saw her here on the steps
a while ago." She looked at the steps, they were deserted, There was but one
person left in the room he:Ûdes herself; :\Iadame aud her suite had gone to
partake of their yearly exhibitional rcJreshmen ts,-lelllOllade and ma:sse-paill,
served in the little parlor. Her uncle must be that mttn. The person walked
out after finding a fan he had returned to seek.
She remained standing so by the piano a long while, her gold crown on her
head, her prizes in her arms, and a light shawl she had thoughtfully provided
to wear home. Home! She looked all around yery slowly once more. She
heard Jeanne crossing the yard, but before the servant could enter the door
the white muslin dress, Llue bàsh, and satin boots had bounded into the dark-
ne
s of the stairway. The white-veiled beds which the night befure hwl11es-
tIed the gay papillotted heads were deserted and silent in the darkness. "'
hat
a !'hclter the darkness was! She caught hold of the bedpost, not thinking,
but feeling. Then )Iadame Joubert came tripping across the gaUery with a
candle, on her way to beù. The prizes and shawl dropped to the floor, and
::\IaI'ie crouched down clo::5c behind the bar, "Oh, God," she prayed, .C keep
her from seeing me!" The teacher after a pause of reflcction passed on to her
room; the child on the floor gave her
elf up to the full grief of a disappoint-
ment which was not childish in its bitterness. The events of the cvcning kept
slipping away from her while the contents of her IH'e\ious lifcwere poured out
with neH'r-cllding detail, and a
they lay there, before anù all around her, she
saw for the first time how bare, how denuded, uf pleasure and cumfort it had
been. "
hat had her weak little body not f'l1dured in patient ignorance? But
the others werc not ignorant,-the teachers, :\larcélite, her uncle! How had
they imposed upon the orphan in their lUUld
! She saw it now,
tIld she felt a
woman's indignation anù pity ovcr it. The maternal instinct in hel' hO-:Olll
was roused by the contemplatiun of her own infancy. ":\Iarcélitc! )I
lrcé-
lite!" she called out, " how could yon? for yon knew, you knew it all!" The
thought of a mother compellel1 to leaye her baby on such an earth, the betray-
al of the confidence of hcr own mother by her uncle, drew the first tears from
her eyes. She leaned her head against the side of her bed and wcpt, not for
herself, but for all women anù all orphans. Her hand fell on the lace of her
drc:5:-:, and
he could not recall at fir:o:t what it wa:5. She bounded up, and with
314
GRACE ELIZABE1H KING.
[1861-88'
eager, trembling fingers tearing open the fastenings, she threw the grotesque
masquerade, boots and all, far from her on the floor, and stood clasping her
naked arms over her panting breast; she had forgotten the gilt wreath on her
head. "If she could die then aml there! that would hurt her uncle who carcd
so little for her, .Marcélite who had deserted her!" Living she had no one;
hut dead, she felt she had a mother. Before getting into bed, she mechanic-
ally fell on her knees, and her lips repeated the formula of a prayer, an un-
corrected, rude tradition of her baby days, belonging to the other side of her
memory. It eunsisted of one simple petition for her own welfare, but the bless-
ings of peace, prosperity, and eternal salvation of her uncle and l\Iarcélite
were insisted upon with pious determination.
"I know I shall not sleep; I cannot Fleep." Even with the 'words she-
sank into the oblivion of tired nature at seventeen years; an oblivion which
blotted out everything,-toilette, prizes scattered on the floor, graduation,
disappointment, anù discumfol't from the gilt-paper crown still encircling-
her black plaits.
"Has )Iarcélite come?" demanded )Iadame, before she tasted her coffee.
" Not yet, )Iadame."
"I wonder what has become of her? .,
Jeanne sniffed a volume of unspeakable probabilities.
" \Yell, then, I will nut have that solte Julie; tell her so when she comes.
I would rather drcss myself."
"Willl\Iadame take
her breakfast alone, or with Madame Joubert? "
Thc pleasure of vacation was tempered by the companionship of )Iadame
Joubcrt at her daily meals,-a prescnce imposed by that stern tyrant, com-
mon courtesy.
"Not to-day, Jeanne; tell :Jladame Joubert I have la ltl'i'graine. I shall eat
breakfast alone."
"Anù l\Iarnzelle )Iarie Modeste?"
" l\Iarie l\Iodeste! "
"Yes, :Madame; wherc must she take her breakfast?"
The Gasconne's eyes flamed suddenly from under her red lashes and her
voice ventured on its normal loud tones in these sacred precincts.
"It's a shame of that negress! She ought to be punished well for it, too,.
hat Not to come for that poor young lady last night; to leave her in that big
dormitory all by herself; and all the other young ladies to go homc and have
their pleasure, and she all by herse1f, just because she is all orphan. Yon
think she doesn't feel that, ltein? If I had known it I would have helped her
undress, and stayed with her, too; I would have slept on the floor,-a deli-
cate little nervous thing like that; and a grcat, big, fat, lazy, good-for-noth-
ing quadroon like )Iarcélitc. jJ[ais c'est iufâme! It is enough to givc her des
crises. Oh, I would not have done that! fenez, not to go back to France would
I have done that. And when I got up this morning, and saw her sitting in
the arbor, so pale, I was frightened myself-I"-
",rhat is all this you are telling me? Jeanne, Jeanne, go immediately;
run, I tell you-run and fetch tbat poor child here, A.lt, mon Die1l! egoist
1861-88]
GRACE ELIZABETH KING.
315
that I am to forget her! Pa'lw,/'e petite cltaUe! What must she think of
me?"
She jumped out of bed, threw on a wrapper, and waited at the door, peep-
ing out.
" .1.11a flUe.; I did not know-J eanne has just told me."
The pale little figure made an effort to answer with the old pride and in-
difference.
"It seems my uncle"-
"Jlais qu' est-ce que c' est done, mon enfant? Do not cry so! What is one night
more in your old school? It is an my faÙ1t; the idea that I should forget you,
-leave you all alone while we were enjoying our lemonade and masse-pain!
But why did you not come to me? Oh! oh! if you cry so, I shall think you fire
sorry not to leave me; besides, it will spoil your pretty eyes."
"If
larcélite had only come"-
"Ah, my dear! do not
speak of her! do not mention her name to me. ""'e
are quittes from this day; you hear me? 'Ve are qU1'ttes. But )Iarie, my child,
you will make yourself ill if you cry so. Really, you must try and compose
yourself. What is it that troubles you so? Come here, come sit by me; let me
confess you. I
hall play that I am your maman. There, there, put your head
here, my bébé, so, Oh, I know how you feel. I have known what disappoint-
ment was; but enfin, my child, that will all pass; and one day, when you are
old and gray-headed like me, you will laugh well over it."
:ebe tender words, the caresses, the enfolding arms, the tears that she saw
standing in the august schoolmistress's eyes, the sympathetic movement of
the soft, warm bosom,-her idea of a mother was not a vain imagining. This
was it; this was what she had longed for aU her life. And she did confess to
her,-confessed it all, from the first childish trouble to the last disappoint-
ment. Oh, the delicious relief of complete, entire confession to a sympathetic
ear!
The noble heart of )Indame, which had frittered itself away o,er puny dis-
tributions of prizes and deceiving cosmetics, beat yonng, fresh, and impul-
siye as in the clays when the gray hairs were rlUltains clair and the cheeks
bloomed natural roses, Tears fell from her eyes on the little hlack head lying
so truthful, FO confiding on her bosom. Grand Dieu! and they had been liv-
ing thirteen years unùer the same roof,-the poor, insignificant, abandoned,
suffering little )Ial'ie, and the gay, beautiful, rich, en, ied .l\ladame Lare-
,eillère! This was their first moment of confidence. Would God ever for-
givc her? Could she ever forgive herself? How good it feels to baye a child
in your arms! so. Shc wcnt to the stand by her bed and filled a small gilded
glass with ean des ear/nes aud water.
"There, drink that. my child; it will compose you. I must m3ke my toi-
lette; it i
breakfast-time. You sec. mafille. this is a lesson. You must not
expect too mueh of the men; they are not likc u
. Oh, I know them well.
They are all égoistes. They takc a great deal of trouble for you when you do
not want it, if it suits them; and then thcy refusè to raise their little finger
for you, though you get down on your knees to them. Now, therc's your uncle.
You see he has scnt you to the best and mo,::;L expensive school in the city
16
GRACE ELIZABETH KING.
[1861-88
and he has dressed you well,-oh, yes, \ery well; look at your toilette last
nigh t! real lace ; I remarked it. Yet he would not come for you and take you
home, and spare you this disappointment. I wrote him a note myself and sent
it ùy
rarcé lite."
., He 1'8 old, l\Iadame," said :Marie, loyally.
" Ah, bah! Plus lesltommes sont vieux plu.s ils sont mécltants. Oh, I have
done that so often; I said, 'If you do not do this, I will not do that.' And
what was the result? They did not do th is, and I had tout simplemenf et bonlle-
ment to do that. I write to
Ionsieur
Iotte, , Your niece shall not leave the
Pension until you come for her' ; he docs not come, and I take her to him.
Yoilà la poliUque fém inine."
\fter breakfast, when they had dressed, bonneted, and gloved themselves,
)Iadame said:
.. J[a foil T do not even know where the old Diogène lives. Do you re-
member the name of the street, )Iarie?"
., S 0,
Iadame; somewhere in the Faubourg d'en bas."
.. All, well! I must look for it here."
She went to the table and quickly turneQ over the leaves of a ledger.
" )Iarie l\lodeste Motte, niece of )lonsieur )Iotte. .Jlt.Ûs, tiens, there is no
address! "
)f arie looked with interest at her name written in red ink,
.. Xo; it is not there."
.. All, que.ie suis béte. It is in the other one. This one is only for the last
ten years. There, '1na flUe, get on a chair. can you reach that one? No, not
that; the other one. How warm it is! You look it out for me!"
" I do not see any address here either,
ladame."
"Impossible! There must be an address there. True, nothing but
Iarie
)Iodeste .:\Iotte, niece of )10nsieu1' l\Iotte, just like the other one. Now, :you
see, that's :àlarcélite again; that's all her fault. It was her duty to give that
address thirteen years ago. In thirteen years she has not had the time to do
that! "
They both sat down warm and vexed.
"I shall send Jeanne for her again!"
But Jeanne's zeal had anticipated orders.
"I have already been there, )Iadame; I heat on bel' door, I beat on it 3S
hard as I could, and the neighbors opened their windows and said they diùn't
think she had ùeen there all night."
" \Yell, then, there is nothing for me to do but send for
1onsieur Ie N otnire!
Here, Jeanne; take this note to )Ionsieur Goupilleau."
All unmarried women, widows or maids, if put to the torture, would reveal
Fome secret, unsuspected sources of advisory assistanee,-a subterranean pas-
sage for friendship which sometimes offers a retreat into matrimony,-and the
last po
sible wrinkle, the last resisting gray hair is added to other female bur-
den
at the death of this secret counsellor or the closing up of the hidden pas-
sage. Therefore, how dreadful it is for women to be condemned to a life of
such logica] exactions where a reason is demanded for everything, even for a
.statu quo affection of fifteen years or more. )Iadame Lareveillère did not pos-
1861-88J
GRACE ELIZABETH KllvG.
317
sess courage enough to defy logic, but her imagination and wit could seriously
embarrass its conclusions. The raison d'être of a Goupilleau in her life had
exercised both into athletic proportions.
" An old friend, rna mignonne.; I look upon him as a father, and he treats
me ju
t as if I were his daughter. I go to him as to a confe;;;sor. And a great
institute like this require::; so much advice,-oh. so much! He is very old,-as
old as )Ionsieur )lotte himself. We might just as well take off our things;
be will not come before evening, You see, he is so discreet, he would not come
in the morning for anything in the world. He is just exactly like a father, I
assure you, and very, very olù. "
The graduate and young lady of a day sat in the rocking-chair, quiet, almost
happy. She was not in the home she had looked forwarcl to; but )Iadame's
tenderness, the beau tiful room in its
oothing twilight, and the patronizing
majesty of the lit de justice made this a very pleasant abiding place in her
journey,-the journey so long and so difficult from school to her real home,
from girlhood to real young ladyhood. It was nearly two days now since she
had seen
Iarcélite. How she longed for her, and what a scolding she intend-
ed to gÏ"\"c her when Rhe arrived at her uncle's, where, of course, ::\Iarcélite
was waiting for her. How silly she had acteù about the address! But after
all, procrastination is so natural.
\s for
Iadame, )Im'ie smiled as she thought
how easily a reconciliation could be effected between them, quitte8 though
they were.
it is hard to wean young hcarts from hoping and planning; they will do it
in the very presence of the angel of death, and with their shrouds in full ,"iew.
)lonsieur Goupilleau came: a Frenchman of small stature but large heaù.
He had the eyes of a l)oet and the smile of a woman.
rrhe prelude of compliments, the tentative flourish to determine in which
key the ensuing variation on their little romance should he played, was omit-
ted. )IaùaIDe came brusquely to the motif, not personal to either of them.
"::\lonsieur Goupilleau, I take pleasure in presenting you to )[ademoisellc
Marie )Iotte, one of our young lady graduates. .J.lIon ami, Wf' are in the great-
est trouble imaginable. Just imagine, )Iousieur
[otte, the uncle of made-
moiselle could not come for her last night to take her home. IIe is
o old and
infirm. " added )Iadame, con:;:iJerately; "so you see mademoi
elle could not
leave last night. I want to take her home myself-a great pleasure it is, and
not a trouble, I assure you, Marie-but we do not know where he lives."
" Ah! you have not his address."
".xo, it should be in the ledger; but an accident,-in fact, the laziness of
her bunne, who never brought it, not once in thirteen years."
" lIer bonnc? "
" Yes, her bnnne )[arcélite; you know ::\Iarcélite la coiffeuse.; what, you do
notkllow)larcélitr, that great. fat "-
" Does )Iarcélite know where he li,es?"
"But of course, my friend, )Iarcélite knows; she goes there every day."
" \Vell, send for
Iareéli to. "
"Send for )Iarcélite! but I have sent for .:\Iarcélite at leaðt <l dozen times!
she is never at her room. )Iarcélite! ha! my friend, I am done with )Ial'cé-
318
GRACE ELIZABETH IìLNG.
[1861-88
lite. "'-hat do you think? After combing my hair for fifteen years!-fiftecn
years, I tell )ou-she did not come yesterday at all, not once; and the concert
at night! You should have secnour heads last night! we were frights-frights,
I assure you!" .
It was a poetical license, but the eyes of )lonsieur Goupilleau disclaimed
any such possibility for the head heforc him.
" Does not madcmoiselle know the addres:5 of her uncle?"
" Alt, t/tat, no. .Mademoiselle has been a jJf'nsionnaire at the Institut St.
Denis for thirteen years, and she has never Leen anywhere except to church;
she has seen no one without a chaperon; she has received no lctter that has
not passed through Madame Joubert's hands. Ah! for that I am particular,
and it was .Monsieur J10tte himself who requestcd it. .,
" Then you need a directory."
"A what?"
H A directory."
"But what is that,-a directory? "
" It's a yolume, .:\ladame, a book containing the addresses of all the resi-
dents of the city."
" QueUe bnnne idie! If I had only known that! I shall buy one. J eallne!
Jeanne! run quick, 'llla bonne, to .:\loro1's and buy me a directory."
" Pardon, .:\Iadamc, I think it would he quicker to 6end to B
îlc's, the plwr-
macien at the corner, and borrow one. Here, Jeanne, take mv card."
" A la bonne lteure! now we shall find our affair. " W
But the
I's, which started so many namcs in the directory, were perfectly
innocent of any combination applicable to an old uncle by the name of
Iotte.
" You see, your directory is no better thanl1lY Looks!"
Monsieur Goupilleau looked mortified, and shruggeù his shoulùers.
"He must; live outside the city limits, l\Iadame, "
" .:\larcélite always said, . in the Faubo7lrg d'en ba,<;.'
'
Jeanne intcrrupted stolidly: " :Munsieur Bâle told me to bring the book
right back; it is against his rules to lend it out of his store."
"Here, take it! take it! Tell him I am infinitely obliged. It was of no use,
anyway. Ah, les n01Jl1Jles!"
"Madame," began l\lonsiellr Goupilleau in precautionary deprecation.
A sudden noise outside,-apparently an assault at the front door; a vio-
lent struggle in the antechamber!
"Grand Dieu! what can that be! " ::\Iadame's lips opencd for a shrill Au
secours! Voleurs! but seeing the notary rush to the door, she held him fast
with her two littlc white hands on his ann.
"./J.Jon ami, I implore you!"
The first recognition; the first expression of a fifteen years' secrct affec-
tion! The first thrill (old as he was) of his first passion! But danger called
him outsidc; he unloosed the hands and opened the door.
A heavy body propclled by Jeanne's strong hands fell on the floor of the
room, accompanied by a showcr of leaves from l\Ionsieur Bâle's directory.
" Misérable! Infâme! Effrontée! All, I have caught you! Scélérate!"
1.861-88]
GRACE ELIZABETH KING.
319
c c )Iarcélite! "
" l\Iarcélite! .,
c. )Iarcélite!"
"Sneaking outside the gate! Like an animal! like a tbief! like a dog! Ha!
I caught you well! "
Tbe powerful arms seemed ready again to crush the unresisting form rising
from the floor.
"Jeanne! hush! How dare you speak to l\Iarcélite like that? Oh, ma
bonne. what is tbe matter with you?"
Shaking, trembling, she cowered before them silent.
" Ah! she didn't expect me, la fière négresse! Just look at her!"
They did, in painful. questioning surprise. 'Vas this their own clean, neat,
brave, honest, handsome
Iarcélite,-this panting, tottering, bedraggled
wretch before them, threatening to fall on the floor again. not daring to raise
eY"en her eyes?
"l\Iarcélite!
Iarcélite! who has done this to you! Ten me, tell your bébé,
ltlarcéli tee "
c, Is she drunk?" whispered .Madame to the notary.
Her tignon had been dragged from her head. Her calico dress, torn and
defaced, showed her skin in naked streaks. Her black woolly hair, always so
.carefully packed away under her head-kerchief, stood in grotesque masses
around her face, scratched and bleeding like her exposed bosom, She jerked
herseH violently away from )Iarie's clasp.
"Send them away! Send them away!" she at last said to
Ionsieur Gou-
pilleau, in a low, unnatural voice. "I will talk to you, but send them all
away."
l\Iadame and Marie immediately obeyed his look; but outside the door
Iarie
stopped firmly.
"l\Iadame, )Iarcélite can have nothing to say which I should not hear"-
c, Hush-" )fadame put her finger to her lips; the door was still a little
open and the voices came to them,
Marcélite, from the corner of her bleared eyes, watched them retire, and
then with a great heave of her naked chest she threw herself on the floor at
the notary's feet.
".Master! Oh master! Help me!"
All the suffering and pathos of a woman's hcart were in the tones; all the
weakness, dependence, and abandonment in the words.
The notary started at the unexpected appeal. Ilis humanity, hiR manhood,
his chiyalry, answered it.
"..J[afillc, speak; what can I do for you?"
TIe bent over her as she lay before him, and put his thin. white, wrinkled
hand on her shoulder where it had burst through her dress. His low ,oice
promised the willing devotion of a saviour.
"Hnt don't tell my bébé; don't let her know. )[y God! it will kill her!
She's got no uncle-no Monsieur :\Iotte! It was all a lie. It was me,-me, a
uigger, that sent her to school and paid for her"-
" You! .Marcélite! You!"
320
GRACE ELIZABETH KING.
[1861-88
Iarcélite jumped up and tried to escape from the room. :Monsieur GOll-
pilIeau quickly advanced before her to the door.
" You fooled me! It was you fooled me! " she screamed to Madame. "God
will never forgive you for that!
fy bébé has heard it all!"
Im'ie clung to her; Monsieur GoupilIeall caught her by the arm.
"Marcélite! It was you,-you who sent me to school, who paid for me!
And I have no uncle?"
larcélite looked at the notary,-a praycr for help. The girl fell in a chair
and bid her face in her hands.
"Oh, my God! I knew it would kill her! I knew it would! To be support-
ed by a nigger!" She knelt by thc chair. "Speak to me, Mamzelle Marie.
Spc:lk to me just once! Pardon me, my little mistress! Pardon me! I did
not know what I was doing; I am only a fool nigger, anyhow! I wanted JOu
to go to the finest school with ladies, and-and-oh! my bébé won't speak to
me; she won't even look at me."
)Iarie raised her head, put both hands on the nurse's shoulders, and looked
hcr straight in the eyes.
"And that also was all a lie about "-she sank her tremblingvoice-"about
my mother?"
'" That a lie! That a lie! 'Fore God in heaven, that was the truth; I swear
it. I will kiss the crucifix, 'Vhat do you take mc for, ::\Iarnzelle :\Iarie? Tell
a lic aùou t "--
Iarie fell back in the chair with a despairing cry.
"I cannot believe any of it."
"
Ionsiellr! Madame! I swear to you it's the truth! God in heaven knows
it is. I wouldn't lie about that,-about my poor dead young mistress.
Ion-
sieur! .:\Iadame! tell )'Iiss
Iarip for me; can't you believe me?"
he shrieke(l
in desperation to Monsieur Gonpilleau.
He came to her unhesitatingly. ., I believe you, :\Iarcé1ite." He put his
hand again on her shoulder; his voicc faltered, "Poor 1Iarcé1ite!"
,. God bless JOu, master! God bless you for Uutt. Let me ten you; you
believe me when my bébéwon't. My young mistres;oo:, she died; my young mas-
ter, hc haù heen killed in the war. ::\Iy young mistre
s was all alone by her-
self, with nobody but me, and I didn't take her poor little baby out of her
arms tilJ she was dead, as she told me. Jfon bébé, '/non bébé.' don't you know
that's the truth? Oan't you fecI that's the truth ? You see that; she will nevcr
speak to me again. I knew it; I told you so. I heard her last night, in that
big room, all by herself, crying for 1Iarcélite.
Iarcéli.te! my God! I was
afraid to go to her, and I was just under a bed; you think that didn't most hill
me?" She hid her face in her arms, and swayed her body back and forth.
").Iarcélite/' said 1Ionsieur Goupilleau. The voice of the champion trem-
bled, and his eyes glistened with tears at the distress he had pledged himsl"'lf
to relieve, ":Marcélite, I bclieveyou, my poor woman; I believe you. Tell me
t1w name of the lady, the mother of mademoiselle."
"Ha! her name! I am not ashamed to tell her name hefore anybody. Her
name! I wi]] ten you her name." She sprang to her feet. " You ask any-
body from the Paroisse St. Jacques if they ever heard the name of )'Iamzelle
1861-88]
GRACE ELIZABETH KLVG.
321
Marie '
Iodeste Viel and
Ionsieur Alphonse ltIotte. That was the name of
her mother and her father, and I am not ashamed of it that I shouldn't tell,
ha! Yes, und I am )Iarcélite Ganlois, and when my mother was sold out the
11arish, who took me and brought me up, and made me sleep on the foot of
her bed, and fed me like her own baby, hein? )Iamzelle :Marie Viel's mother,
and l\lamzelle was the other baby; and she nurseù us like twins, ll,ein? You
ask anybody from the Paroisse St. Jacques. They know; they can tell yon."
.Marie stood up.
., Come, )Iarcélite, let us go. :Madame,
Ionsieur-" She evidently strug-
gled to say something else, but she only reiterated, "I must go; we must go;
come, :Uarcélite, let us go."
Noone would have remarked now that her eyes were too old for her face.
"Go? My Lord! Where have yon,qot to go to?"
"I want to go home to :\larcélite; I want to go away with her; come, ß,Iar-
célite, let us go. Oh! don't yon all see I can't Rtay here any longer? Let me
go! Let me go!"
H Go with me! Go to my bome! A white young lady like you go live with
a nigger like Ille! "
"Come, )Iarcélite; please como; go with me; I don't want to stay here,"
" You stand there! Yon hear that! )Ionsieur! )Iadame! Yon hear that! "
"
[arcélite, I want to go with you; I want to live with you; I am not too
good for that."
"'Vhat! You don't think you ain't white! Oh, God! Strike me dead!"
She raised her naked arms over her head, imploring destruction.
")Iarcélite, mafille, do not forget, I have promised to help you. :Marcé-
lite, only listen to me a moment. )lademoiselle, do not fear; mademoiselle
shall not leave UF:. I shall protect her; I shall be a.father to her"-
" .And I, " said )[adame, drawing 1\Iarie still closer to her,-" I shall be
her mother, "
,. Now, try,
Iarcélite," continued :Monsieur Goupilleau,-" try to remem-
ber somebody. anybody who knows JOu, who knew yonI' mistress; I want their
names. Anybody, anybody will do, mypoor)Iarcélite! Indeed, I believe you;
we all believe you; we know you are telling the truth; but icl there not a per-
son, even a book, a piece of paper, anything, you can rcmember?"
He stood close to her; hi:-.; hc:ul did not reach above her shoulders, but his
eyes plead into her face a:-.; if petitioning for his own honor; and then they fol-
lowed the hand:; of the woman fumbling, feeling, passing, repassing inside
her torn dress-waist. He held his hands out,-the kind tender little hands.
that had rested so gently on her bnlÏ::;ed black skin.
" If I have not 10!'t it, if I havo not droppod it out of my gown since last
night-I never h:n-e droppcd it, and I have carried it round inside my body
now for seventeen years; but I was 'most crazy last night "-
She put a small package all wrapped up in an old bandanna handkerchief
jn his hands.
"I was keeping that for my bébé; I was going to give it to her when she
graduated, just to remind her of her own mother. She gave it to me when
she died. "
VOL. XI. -
1
322
LA.i..YGDON EL WTX .Jl11Y_/llELL.
[1861-88
It was only a little worn-out prayer-book, but all filled with written papers
and locks of hair and dates and certificates,-frail fluttering scraps that
dropped all ovor the taLlo, but unanswerable champions for tho honor of
dead men and the purity of deaù women.
H Par la grâce de Die'll! " exclaimed the notary, while the tears fell from
his eyes on the precious relics, discolored and worn from bodily contact.
Marie sank on her knce:3 by the table, holding .l\Iarcélite tight by the hand.
" Par la grâce de Die'll! Nothing is wanting horc,-nothing, nothing ex-
cept the forgiveness of this good woman, a.nd the assurances of our love and
gratitude. And they say'.-turning to .Madame, he hazarded the bold step of
taking both her hands in his-.' they say" -recollecting the tender prossure
on his arm, he ventureù still further-", they say. Eugénic, that the days of
heroism are past, and they laugh at our romance!"
ILangtJott
lWFtt ß;1ítcl)Cll.
BOHX in Pl1iladelphia, Penn., IRm.
UPOX SEEIXG A FUXEIL\L IX TIlE STREET.
[Syll'ian, and nthpr Ponti". By John Philip rarley. 188.3.]
"",""'{THEN I do die, enhearse
\' V .My body not at all;
Nor robe me not in black,
Nor cut me out a pall. .
1 would not from this earth
So perishably go;
But, since I die a man,
Let me be buried so:
Not like a beast that is
Shut in a box; nor yet
As one that hath lost all,
And points it out with jet.
For naught of me> ye ha,'e
But soon unformè(l earth;
Think ye, ye cast in ground
:My melody, my mirth?
1\1y joy, my love, my wit?
The virtues that I wun ?
Ye have the frame> of it,
The honse-the host is gone.
Place this that did me hold
Upon a piny pyre.
And swing the cen
er s" eet,
And set the oil on fire
Let myrrh be wrapt around,
Let me be swathed in sweet,
In aloes aml in cassia hound,
And decked tiS is most meet
'Yith fateful yokes of flowers
As in the further cast;
Let me be clothed like one that goes
In glory to a feast!
And when the flames are hright,
And whe
the fire is hot,
Be all my virtues white,
Be aU my had forgot.
And as to naught I come,
And all in ashes lie,
Recite It song 01' hvo
For better memory!
And though your hearts do moan,
Yet let your loves )"('hearse
How that I writ, and writ alone
The lovèd lyric '''erse!
So shall I buried be,
As though I came to birth;
And not as one whose hope did lie
BoulHl up in slothful earth.
1
ül-88]
AJJELIE RIVES CHA.J.YLER.
323
ntélíc 1lìíbCf5 Q:l)anlcr.
Boux in Richmond, Va., 1863.
FOR BOXXIßEL.
[ril'ginÙl of Yirginia. 1868.]
,TIRGINIA was sitting silent by hcr beùroom window when the first cop-
V per glare began to tinge the dense upward column of black smoke. She
knew in a minute wbat it was, altbough Aunt Tishy muttered something
about "bresh " tires.
She leaped to her feet, hor heart once more renewing its old-time measure.
")Iammy!" she called-"' )Iammy! that's th' mil1 stable! th' mill stable's
on fire! 0 God aboye! 'I'h' pore horses-an' Bonnibel! 0 pore )11'. Jack-pore
)Ir. Jack! Ef Bonnibel's hurt, it'll break his heart." She had forgotten
everything in her thought for him. Her own sin, his harsh words-all that
}ad passed between them since first he gave Bonnibel into her glad keep-
mg.
" Here! " sbe called, tos
ing on her clothes with ncr"\"""ous. eager fingers,
"han' me my shoes-quick!-Lord God!-ef only I ken git thaI' in time!"
She 'was down-stairs and out of the house almo::;t before the old negress
knew 'Ivhat she was about to undertake. Out at a side gate 8he dashed, and
down a grassy hill at the back of the house. Some catalpa-tree roots caught
at her flying feet with their knotty fingers as though, fiend-like, they would
hinder her on her errand of mercy. On, on; her breath came quick and la-
horing. She was on the open road JWW, straining with all her might up tl.
steep, stone-roughed hill. All the northern heavens were ablaze with an an-
gry or:.mge. As sbe gained the top of the hill a little fan of lilac flames burst
from thc stahle roof agaillst the night. There was yet time-Bonnibel was
in a loose-box near the door. 0 God, the other horses! ßlust they roast alive
-the heautiful. agile creatures that he so 1m-ed?
Belo", in the placid breast of the large pond, the lurid mass above was re-
flected with an cffect as incongruous as when some world-tossed soul pours
out its hot confession into the calm keeping of a saintly heart.
The :-:hallow stream !'hoaled into fire among the black stems of the water-
reeds, and tossed the flames upon its mimic waves. She gaiuC'd the rough
hridge which spanned it; her feet passed with a swift, hollow sound acrOSð it.
fo;he was there-at the stahle, and her hreath haù not yet gi ven out. Then all
at once she romell} bered. 0 h, joy! joy! If she saycd Bon ni bel, and was her-
self hurt to death, would not that be atonement?
Iight he not forgive her
then? Poorlittle savage child-poor, sweet, uncivilizell, true heart! I think
indeed be would forgive yon if he knew.
There were men running frantically about-omnipresent-uscless: they
had delayed so long to set ahout extinguishing tbe fire that it was now beyond
all bounds, The wild, ù
ll trampling of the hoofs of the terrified horses
maùe horror in the air. Tbey whinnied and nickered like childrcn pleading
324
AltlÉLIE RIVES CHANLER.
[1861-1:)8
for help. One of the English grooms was dashing into the smoke and heat.
Yirginia seized him by the arm.
,. I'm coming with yon." she said; "let me keep hold of your coat."
Alas! alas! the maddened, silly brutes refused to follow. They reared
madly whenever approached, and struck with their fore-feet at the plucky lit-
tle lad. In no way could he approach them; threats and cajolery were in vain.
Yirginia snatched a whip from the stable wall and tried to beat them ont.
Usurper, vicions to the last, rushed furiously at her, and but for the la(rs
striking him over the head with a pitchfork, would inevitably have dashed
her brains out with his wicked hoofs. There was no further time to be lost.
One side of the roof was blazing ominously, and the wall on the eastern side
Legan to tremble.
Virginia, in spite of entreaties and hands heW ont to stop her, turned her
skirts about her head and went into Bonnibel's box. "Six of us 'ave tried to
get 'er out, miss," said the panting lad, who had followed her. "Don't you
venture in, for God's sake, miss; she's that lllad she'll kill you-th' poor
hussy! "
Bonnibel was in truth like a horse distraught. She was leaping back and
forth, and trotting from side to side of her capacious box, nickering from
time to time, with head aloft and tail held like a plume above her satin qnar-
tel's. No sooner did Rhe hear Virginia's voice than she stopped short, qui ver-
ing in every splendid limb and sinew.
" Bonnibel!" said Virginia, in that soU lllonotone the frightened crea-
ture had not now heard for many a day-" Bonnibel!" There was a second's
pause; then stooping her bright head, with a low whinny as of welcome and
trust, the gal1ant mare came to the well-known voice.
Virginia tore off her woollen shawl and blindfolded the bright eye
.
In the mean time the rest of the English lads and the bead groom had ar-
Tived, with fire-engines and more help. They bad already succeeded in get-
ting the horse out. The vicious Usurper they were compelled to leave to his
awful fate.
"BoJs, Bonnibel's coming!" yelled the lad who had entered the stabJe
with Virginia, dashing out ahead of her; ,. ::\Iiss Herrick's got her, and she's
coming hind as a lamb!"
A hearty, roaring cheer went up from without, mingled with exultant
warwhoops from the negroes gathered around.
Almost they were safe. 'Yhy do things h'1ppen with ouly an inch between
safety and destruction? One instant morc and horse and woman would hayc
heen free, But in that tarrying instant a heavy bcam from the front of the
stable fell crashing clown, bringing with it a grcat mass of bricks and mortar.
Virginia and Bonnibel were half buried under the reeking mass. The flames
scnt up an exultant roar as of triumph. rrhere was a smothered, horrified
groan from the men. aud then DonnibcJ, freeing herself by one powerful ef-
fort of her iron quarters, gallopcd off into thc coolness of the night.
They pulled Virginia out, with such gentleness as they could spare t.o the
encroaching flames, and a bed was instantly made for hcr on the clamp turf
by means of the men's hastily torn-off coats. She lay therc, still, white, most
1861-88]
A.JfÉLIE RIITES OHAh
LER.
325
beautiful, with peace at last upon her tired face, Did she dream, perchance,
that he forga\'e her?
The surgeon came at daybreak. He was quiet and serious. Little Hicks
was the only one to whom he told anything. To him he said: "She may live
two or three days; she may die before night."
At one o'clock next day old Herrick returned. He was wordless and almost
majestic in his deep grief. ..All day long he F:at ho1ding her in such positions
.as would ease her; talking to her; trying to follow her wandering fancies.
She knew him always, though she knew no one else. "Father," she said,
suddenly, in one of the interval::; when reason returned to her, "won't you
please sen' fur Mr. Jack? Sometbin' in my heart tells me he'll come-DOW.
',"rite to him 'bout Bonnibel. Ten him I saved her. Tell him I jess want
ter say good-hy, I don' wan' him ever ter furgive me. I only want to-to
look at him once more. Father"-wistfnlly-" you think he'll come?"
" Yes, yes, my little girl, I think he'll come,"
"Then write, write, father-quick. Don' let it ue too late. I wan' so Lad
to look at him once more!"
He came-oh yes, he came! mad with regret and remorse, repentant, eager
to atone. ",rhere is she? where is she?" he asked as he threw down his hat
upon the hall table, and jerked off his spnrs, that their jingling might not
disturb her. If he had only known the music that they made to her cars!
"She's in yo' room, sur. 'rhey tells me ez how 'twar her fancy to be took
thaI', " said Herrick, simply. "I hope ez you don' min', sur,"
Iind! Jack's eyes were hot with the saddest tears of all his life.
He went in softly, There she lay, pathetic, fragile as some long-ill child
npon his narrow bed, IIe went and stooped o\.er her, taking into one of his
ùrown hands her restless, slender fingers, Her gentle look rested unknow-
ingly npon him.
"Ain't they goin' tel' sen' fur ::\fr. Jack?" she said. "I think he'll come
-now; father thought ez how he would. Please write it down that I saved
Bonnibel-please write that down. 'Twas mighty hot, hut I sayed her. Oh,
don' yo' think he'll comer-don' yo' think he'll come? I don' eyen arst him
to speak to me. Ef he'll only ðiand in th' door so ez I kin see him when I go."
" Virginia-Virginia,'" said Roden, brokenly. ")Iy dear Ii ttle girl, don't
you know me? Here I am !-here-at your side. Don't you feel my hands,
Virginia? Don't you know me?"
She went rambling on. "I wonder ef he would furgive me ef he knew? I
wisht Bonnibel could tell him-I wisht I was BonnibeJ!" with a little rip-
pling laugh infinitely pathetic. "Oh, wonldn' I kyar him pretty an' straight
at his fences, an' win ev'y race fur him! " Her eyes opened vague and sor-
rowful again upon Roden's pale face. ., Oh," I:)he said, with a long sighing
ureath, "don't you think he"n come? Write to him 'bout Bonnibel-please
write that tel' him."
.. Virginia, look at me-look at me," f:aid the young man, half Jifting nel"
in hið arms. "Dear little Virginia, here I am, I forgive you with all my
}){;,lrt and soul, Virginia. Oh, please look at me, please fcnwmber me."
.
326
1JIÉ'LIE RiVES CH
LVLER.
[1861
8
" Who says' furgive'?" she said, with her restless, eager eyes searching
the room as if for something long expected-" who says' furgive '?"
"I do, 1 do," Roden said, weeping at last like any girl. "I forgive you,
Vil'ginia-Virginia, You slmll know me! "
Her eyes fixed themselves upon his face, first Tacantly, then with a wonder-
strIcken radiance. ")11'. Jack," she said. under her breath, "did they tell
yo'? I saved her; that's all. Yo' needn' say nothin'; I jcss wanted to look
at yo'. I saved her. 'Twas awful hot. I kin hear it roarin' nuw. She come
to me; she wouldn' come to nobody else. "
"Virginia," said Roden, "li::-tell to me: stop talking. 'What do 1 care
about Bonnibel? Child, do you want to ùreak my heart? Listen, Virginia;
I forgive you-Iforgive YO'll. "
,. Do-yon-really?" she said, with the old timid joy in her soft \oice.
"I ain't dreamin'? "
ell, God's so good to me! But 1 did save her, 'Bon-
nibel!' I said-' Bonnibel!' an' she come right !'t1'aight tcr me with her
pretty head tucked down. Then came all that fire on us. I thought 'twas
over. But 1 saved 11e1'-1 saved her. Please tell him that-plea
e tell him
that, I reckon he'll sorter remcmber me kind fur that; don' you, father;"
After a while her reason came again. She asked to sec Bonnibel; they
could bring her to the window, :she said, and she would like also to give her
a handful of grass.
They rolled the bed to the window, and little Hicks led Bonnibel up beside
it. Roden went out him!'elf and gathered a handful of fresh gras
. I think
the lad only respected his master more for the tears that ran down his checks.
He couldn't see very distinctly himsclf just then, thi
good little Hicks.
" Bonnibel," said the girl, in her cooing tones-" Bonnibel, "
"That was the matter? Had suffering charged some magic in that soft
voice? Bonnibel turned indifferently away from the anxious hand, and rubbed
her bright head with an impatient movement against one of her fore-legs.
"Oh!" said the girI, while the glad flush died out of her face, and the
green blades fell from her hold upon the winrlow-sill, ,. Bonnibel don' know
me any more-she don' care. I gave my life for her, an' -an' she don' care."
"Yes she does-she does," said Roden, frantic for her disappointment;
" she's just gorged, the little glutton! She's been out at grass ever since you
saved ber, Virginia dear; that's all."
" No 'taill't, " said the girl, sadly. "I ain't the same, I reckon; I reckon
I'm right near gone, )11'. Jack. "reB, 1 saved bel', anyhuw. The most part
fell on me; she kicked herself loose. Please, father, ef )fr, Jack don' como
in time-plemw, father, tell him ez how I saved Bonnibel. Oh, father, 1 mus'
tell somebody 'fure I go. I kyarn' bear to think thcre won't be anybody in all
th' ,vorId ez knows it when I'm gone. I loveù him, father dear-11m-cd him
so! An' I'ye been mighty wicked; an' God's bcen mighty good tel' me; an'
I'm goin' to heaven, mammy says. But I won't have him even there-I won't
havc him-even there."
The soft voice broke suddenly-stopped. The bright head dropped for-
ward on her breast.
Roden had buried his face in her two pale hands. "Then he looked up, old
1
61-88]
ELAINE GOODALE
327
Herrick was closing gently with bis toil-roughened hand the sweet wide eyes
which never more would look on anything this side the stars.
It was at this moment that Bonnibel, repenting, perhaps, of her former
coldness. thrust in her little deer-head at the open window, and drew a long
sighing breath as of contentment.
The blades of grass, dropped from the thin hand now so still upon the stir-
less bosom, were blown along the window-sill by the mare's warm breath.
<Zlaínc <.DootJalc.
BOR
in
lount 'Washington, Berlisl1ire Co., )Iass., 1863.
ASHES OF ROSES.
[Apple-Blossoms: Verses of Tll'O Children. 1
78.-All Round the Year. 1881.-Fneol-
leeted Poems. It\81-88,]
S OFT on the sunset sky
Bright daylight closes,
Leaving, when light doth die,
Pale hues that mingling lie,-
Ashes of roses.
"\Yhen Love's warm sun is set,
Love's brightncss closcs;
Eyes with hot tears arc wet,
In hcarts there linger yet
Ashes of roses.
I
DIAS PIPE.
DEATH in the wood,-
Death, and a scent. of decay;
Death, and a horror that crecps with
the blood, .
\..nd stiffens the limbs to clay;
For the rains are hcavy and slow,
And the leaves are shrunken and wan,
And the winds are sobbing weary and
low,
And the life of the year is gone.
Death in the wood,-
Death in its fold ovcr fold,
Death,-that I shuddcrcd and sank
where I stood,
At the touch of a hmH1 so cold,-
At the touch of a hand so coM,
And the sight of a clay-white face.
For I saw the corsc of the friend I loved,
And a hush fell over thc place.
Death in the wood,-
Death, and a scent of dccay,
Death, and a horror uut half undcr-
tood ,
'V here blank as the dead I lay;
What curse hung over the earth,
'Vhat woe to the tribes of men,
That we felt as a death what was made
for a hirth,-
And a hirth sinking deathwarl1 again!
Death in the wood,-
In thc death-palc lips apart;
Death in a whiteness that curcllcÜ the
blood,
Now black to the ycry heart:
The wondcr by hel' was formed
'Vho stands supreme in power;
To show that life by the spirit comes
She gave us a soulless flowcr!
328
ELAINE GOODALE,
[1861-88
A COUXTRYWO
IAX OF )IIXE.
HANDSO::\IE? I hardly know. IIer pro1ile's fine-
Delightful, intellectual, aquiline.
Her keen eyes light it; keen, yet often kind;
Her fair hair crowns it to an artist's mind.
Fine figure and fine manners, without doubt,
Determine half her charm, and bear me out.
Learned? 'VeIl, rather. See them for yourself-
Mill, Spencer, Darwin, on her favorite shelf.
'Yell educated, certainly well read;
Well horn, of course, and (not of course) well bred.
Provincial? Xeyer! Cockney? Kot at all.
Her ""orhl is small enough, yet not too small.
To prove she knows it, only watch a while
That humorous, tender, half-sarcastic smile.
Accomplished? She says not; hut who can tell ?
She does some simple things, and does them well,
She ,,-alks well, stands well, sits well-things so rare,
To praise as they deserve I hardly clare!
She rows, rides, dances-admirably done!
Delights in each, amI yet depends on none.
What to take up she knows, and ,,'hat to drop;
How to say clever things, anll when to stop.
Few dress so well; she docs what few cau do,
Forgets 'what she has on; aud so do you?
She's not too careless, not conventional quite;
Does what she likes; knows what she does is right.
Takes New 'Yorld freedom and with Old 'Vorld ease;
She's but to please herself the world to please.
WIIEX DID WE
rEET?
"","ITHEN did I know thee and not love
l V th ee ?
How could I live and know thee not?
The look of thine that first did move
me
I have forgot.
Canst thou recall thy life's heginning ?
Will childhood's conscious wonder
last ?
Each glance from thee, so worth the
winning,
Blots all the past.
1861-88]
LIZETTE WOODWORTH REESE.
329
Lí!cttc ([toon\\10ttl) mCcøe.
BonN in "Taverly, l\Id.
AXXE.
[A Branch of ..J..1Iay. P/Jems. 1887.]
Sudbury :Meeting-hou
c, 1653.
HER eyes be like the violets,
Ablow in Sudbury lane;
'Vhen she doth smile, her face is sweet
As blossoms after rain;
'Vith grief I think of my gray hairs,
And wish me young again.
In comes she through the dark old door
Upon this Sabbath day;
And she doth bring the tender wind
That sings in bush and spray,
And hints of all the apple boughs
That kissed her by the way.
Our parson stands up straight and tall,
For our dear souls to pray,
And of the place where sinners go
Some grewsome things doth say;
Now she is highest Heaven to me;
So lIell is far away.
l\IOst stiff and still the good folk sit
To hear the sermon through;
But if our God be such a God,
And if these things he true,
Why did He make her then so fair,
And both her eyes so blue
A flickering light, the sun creeps in,
And finds her sitting there;
And touches soft her lilac gown,
And soft her yellow hair;
I look across to that old pew,
And have both praise and prayer.
Oh, violets in SlHlhury lane,
Amid the grasses green,
This maid who stirs :ye with her feet
Is far more fair, r ween!
I wonder how my forty years
Look by her sweet sixteen!
IX SORROW.S Horn.
T HE bramhles hlow without you,-at the door
They make late April,-and the hrier too
Buds its first rose for other folk than you;
In the deep grass the elder bush once more
Heaps its sweet snow; and the marsh-marigold
'Yith its small fire sets al1 the se(lge atlare;
Like flakes of flame hlown down the gray, still air,
The cardinal-flower is out in thickets old.
Oh, love! oh, love! what road is yoms to-day
For I woul(l follow after, see your face,
Put my hand in your hand, feel the dear grace
Of hair, month, eyes, hear the hraV"e words you say.
The dark is void, and all the daylight vain.
Oh, that you were but here ",ith me again!
330
LIZETTE lVOODTTlORTH REESE.
[1861-8ß
THE GARDE
AT BE)IERTO
.
[FOR A FLY-LEAF OF HERBERT'S POE'IS.]
Y EAR after year, from du
k to dusk,
How sweet this English garden
grows!
Steeped in two centuries' sun and musk,
Walled from the world in gray repose,
Harbor of honey-freighted bees,
And wealthy with the rose.
Here pinks with spices in their throats
Nod by the bitter marigold;
Here nightingales with haunting notes,
When west and east with stars are bold,
From out the twisted hawthorn trees
Sing back the weathers old.
All tuneful winds do down it pass;
The leaves a sudden whiteness show t
And delicate noises fill the grass;
The only flakes its spaces know
Are petals hlown off briers long,
And heaped on hlades below.
Ah! dawn and dusk, year after year,
'Tis more than these that keeps it
rare!
'Ye see the saintly )Iaster here
Pacing along the alleys fair,
And catch the throbbing of a song
\..cross the amber air!
ß:lal)í
on 1ulíu
<Ca\1.1Ctu.
BORN in Louisville, Ky., 18(i5.
D1SEXCIIA
T)lEXT OF DK\.TJI.
[Accolon of Gaul, u'ith Other Poems. It;8D.]
H "GSII! She is dead! Tread gently as the light
Foots dim the weary rOOlll. Thou shalt behold.
Look :-In (leath's ermine pomp of awful white,
Pale passion of pulseless slumber virgin cold:
Bold, beautiful youth proud as heroic Might-
Death! and how death hath made it vastly old.
Old earth she is now: energy of birth
Glad wings hath fledged and tried them suddenly;
The eyes that heW have freed their narrow mirth;
Th;ir sparks of spirit, which made this to be,
Shine fIxed in rarer jewels not of earth,
Far Fairylands beyond SOllIe silent sea.
A sod is this whence what were once those eyes
Will grow blue wild-flowers in what happy ai
;
Some weed with flossy blos:5oms will surprise,
Haply, what summer with her affluent hair;
Blush-roses bask those checks; and the wise skies
Will know her dryad to what young oak fair.
1861-88]
.i.1IADISo.N JU Ll CS OA TVEIN.
The chastity of death hath touched her so,
No dreams of life can reach her in such rest;-
No dreams the mind exhausted here below,
Sleep lmilt within the romance of her brea!':t.
How she will sleep! like music quickening slow
Dark the dead germs, to golden life caresse, 1.
Low music, thin as winds that lyre the gras<;,
Smiting through red roots harpings; and the sound
Of elfin revels when the wild dews glass
Globes of concentric ùeauty on the ground;
For showery clouds o'er tepid nights that pass
The prayer in harebells and faint foxgloves crowned.
So, if she's dead, thou know'st she is not dead.
Disturb her not; she lies so lost in sleep:
The too-contracted soul its shell hath fled:
Her presence drifts about us and the deep
Is yet unvoyaged and she smiles o'erhead:-
'Veep not nor sigh-thou wouldst not have her weep?
To principles.of passion and of pride,
To trophied circumstance and specious law,
Stale saws of life, with scorn now flung aside,
From )Iercy's throne and Justice would'st thou draw
lIer, Hope in Hope, and Chastity's pale bride,
In holiest love of holy, without flaw?
The anguish of the living merciless,-
Mad, bitter cruelty unto the grave,-
"\Vrings the dear dead with tenfold heart's distress,
Earth chaining love, bound ùy the lips that rave.
If thou hast Sorrow let thy sorrow ùless
That power of death, of death our selfless slave.
"Unjust? "-lIe is not
for hast thou not all,
All that thou ever hadst when this dull clay
So heartless, blasted now, flushed spiritual,
A restless vassal of Enrth.s night and day?
This hath been thine and is; the cosmic call
Hath disenchanted that which might not stßY.
T1W1.t unjust !-bar not from its high estate,-
'Yon with what toil through devastating cares,
'Vhat bootless battling with the violent Fate,
'Vhat mailed endeavor with resistless years,-
That soul :-whole-hearted granted once thy mate,
Heaven only loaned, return it not with tears!
331
332
DORA READ GOODALE.
[1861-88
Ota mean <!5oonale.
BORN in !Iount ""asbington, Berkshire Co., ::\!a".",., 18GG.
TIlE f::,xO'VBIRD.
[Apple-Blossoms. 1878.-All Round the Year. H;t31.-
ncollected Poems. 1881-88.]
""T"ITHEN the leaves are shed,
V V And the branches bare,
When the snows are deep,
And the flowers asleep,
And the autumn dead;
And the skie
are o'er us bent,
Gray and gloomy, since she went,
And the sifting snow is drifting
Through the air;
Then, 'mid snowdrifts white,
Though the trees are bitre,
Comes the snowhird, bold
In the wintt>r's cold;
Quick anrl round, and bright,
Light he steps across the snow,
Cares he not for winds that blow,
Though the sifting snow be drifting
Through the air.
CINDERELLA.
H ERE by the kitchen fire I sit
Until the generous loaves be brown:
The firelight flickers up and down;
I, waiting, ponder over it.
The cat comes purring to my knee,
And, springing to my lap, she lies,
The :firelight darting in her eyes,
And old traditions corne to me.
" The black cat," so the legends say,
" The wi tC' hes ride by nigh t, " forsooth!
The fancy-witchery of youth
Has touched the room with mystery!
The clock ticks slow, the fire burns down.
I see strange faces in the grate-
A hooded monk, a muse, a fate,
An ancient knight with armor on!
I see a mask: I know it hides
The smile of one I know by rlay-
l8ii.
The face behind it drops away
And lea\Tes a pair of burning eyes!
I wait-the firelight glimmers red-
'Vhere is my fairy coach and four
To take mc from the narrow door,
By eager longing fancy-led?
The cat is restless where she lies;
The soul of Olle who lived below
A thousand years and more ago
Looks through mc from her narrow eyes!
The clock strikes slowly [!"Om the wall-
I count the heavy strokes to eight;
The fire burns lower in the grate;
A mouse is stirring in the wall!
I rouse me from my revery-
I strike a match-I kneel before
And open wide the oven door-
King Alfred fareù as ill as I!
1861-88]
DORA READ GOODALE.
333
l\lARIETTE.
TOO rash is she for cold coquette,-
Love dares not claim her:
I can but say, "'Tis )Iariette, ..
N or more than name her!
She mocks the world her arrows reach
'Vith light derision;
Yet who would choose the softer speech,
The graver vision 1
An eager glance, and incomplete,
Repays you, after;
A voice to make all satire sweet-
Delicious laughter!
I think no woman's warmth is hers-
How could she use it 1
Another's pain no passion stirg.
Nor would you choose it.
Can warning tame the maiden gaze
That dares discover?
Pride, mirth, ambition, thirst for praise-
They're hers-you love her!
No grief should shake the gay disdain
That will not fear it,
The Cent/fry Jlrtgazine, 1883.
Or mar by one subduing pain
So rare a spirit.
Who ever watched that rounded grace,
Born of the minute,
Kor thought the world a prettier place
That she was in it ?
You ask no larger gift than this,
Ko nearer honor,-
It is enough for happiness
To look upon her.
The oval check, the rising trea(l
In careless measure,
The wilful, Lright, ethereal head,
Alive with pleasure:
On these the old desire is stayed
That long has waited,
For soul and Lody, rightly made,
Are fitly mated.
But what have I, whom men forget,
To offer to her 1
A woman's passion, )Iariette,
There is no truer.
L
'VER and lower the light is fail-
mg,-
"\)aves of color that come and go;
Yellow and purple slowly pa1ing,-
Flush of pink in the after-glow;
Dooming bees forsake the clover.
Day is over!
Faster and faster from hazy hollow
Night is closing- on field and wood;
Out of the west the late-bound :,wal1ow
From" A J/llle Day."
EVEXTIDE.
Hastens hack to the crumpled brood;
Stately-winged, the night-hawks hover.
Day is over!
Forest and fallow grow dark togethel.,
A bell in the distance sounding
slow;
Still the light of the rosy weather
Welling up in the after-glow;
Now the starry skies discover
Day is over!
J
334
V ARlO US PO EJIS.
[1818-90
1Daríou
oen1
.
1.
F ARRAGUT.
MOBILE BAY, 5 AUGUST, 1864.
F ARRAGUT, Farragut,
Old Heart of Oak,
Daring Dave Fnrragut,
Thunderbolt stroke,
"r atches the hoary mist
Lift from the hay,
Till his flag, glory-kissed,
Gr
cts the young day.
Steady the wheelmen five
" Nor' by East keep her,"
"Steady," but two aliye:
How the shells sweep her!
Lashed to the mast that sways
Over red decks,
Oyer the flame that plays
Hound the torn wrecks,
Over the dying lips
Framed tor a cheer,
Farragut leads his ships,
Guides the line clear.
Far, by gray )IOl'gaIl'S walls,
Looms the Llack fleet.
Hark, deck to rampart caUs
'nth the drums' beat!
Ruoy your chains overboard,
"
hile the steam hums;
)[cn! to the battlement,
Fnrragut comes.
ee, as the hurricane
Hurtles in 'wrath
qua,lr()ns of clouds amain
Back from its path!
Back to the parapet,
To the guns' lips,
Thunderbolt Farragut
Hurls the black ships.
On by heights cmmon-hrowed,
'Yhile the f'pars quiver;
Omnltd Ftill flames the cloud
.Where the hulks shiver.
See, yon fort's star is :set,
Storm anù fire past.
Cheer him, lads-Farragut,
Lashed to the mast!
Now through the battle's roar
Clear the boy sings,
" By the mark fathoms four,"
While his lead swings.
Oh! while Atlantic's bréast
Bears a white sail,
While the Gulf's towering crest
Tops a green ,ale;
Men thy bold deeds shall tell,
Old Heart of Oak,
Daring Dave Farragut,
Thul1l1erholt stroke!
WILLLDI T. l\IEREDlTIl. 1
3U-.
The Century .11IagaÛne. Hmu.
nÉ'?EILLR
THE morning is cheery, my hoys, arouse!
The dew shines bright on the chestnut boughs,
And the sleepy mist on the river lies,
Though the f'ast is flushing with crimson dyes.
..<:\.wake! awake! awake!
O'er field and wood and brake,
1818-90]
VARIOUS POEMS.
335
With glories newly born,
Comes on the blushing morn.
Awake! awake!
You have dreamed of your homes and friends all night;
You have basked in your sweethearts' smiles so bright;
Come, part with them all for a while again,-
Be lovers in ùreams; when awake, be men.
Turn out! turn out! turn out!
You ha,oe dreamed full long, I know.
Turn out! turn out! tum out!
The east i
all aglow.
Turn out! turn out!
From every valley and hill they come,
The clamoring voices of fife and drulll;
And out in the fresh, cool morning air
The soldiers are swarming everywhere.
Fall in! fall in! fall in!
Every man in his place,
Fall in! fall in! fall in!
Each with a cheerful face,
Fall in! fall in!
)IICHAEL O'COXSOR. 1:-\:J7-Ri>..
AT GETTYSIlGHG,
(From the Poem read in Dedication of the Penns!Jll'Onia JIonuments. 12 September, 188ü.]
HO\V soon the first fierce rain of death,
In hig drops danclllg on the tree
,
Withers the foliage! At a breath,
Hot as the blasts that dried old seas,
The clover ffills like drops of blooel
From mortal hurts, and stains the sad;
The wheat is clipped, but the ripe grain
Here long ungamered shall remain;
And many who at the drum's long roll
Sprang to the charge and swelled the
cheer,
And set their flags high 011 the knoll,
l\e'er knew how went the fight fought
here;
For them a knell tumultuous shells
Shook from the consecrated bells,
As here they formed that silent rank,
'VllOse glorious star at twilight sank.
And night, which lulls all discords-
night,
'Vhich stills the folds and vocal wood,
And, with the touch of finger light,
Quiets the pink-li ppeù brook's wild mood,
'Vhich sends the winl1 to seek the latch,
And seals young eyes while mothers
watch-
Night stays the hattle, but with day
Their lives, themselves, foes hurl away.
"Yhere thousands fell, but Ilil1 not yield,
Shall be to-marrow's battle-field.
E'er dying ùiec1 or dead wel'e cold,
Kc\\ hosts pressed on the lines to hold,
And held them-hold them now in sleep,
'Yhile stars and sentinels go round,
And war-worn chargers shrink like sheep
Beside their rÍl1ers on the ground.
All through the night-all through the
North
Speerl douhtfu1 tidings back aUl1 forth;
Through Korth anù South, f!"Om dusk
till day
A sU1ll1ered people diverse pray.
o !!radual sink the deliberate stars,
The "Ull ùoth run the laggards down,
336
VA RIO us POEJfS.
[1818-90
At sleep's still meadows bursts the
hars,
And floods with light the steepled town.
Blow! bugles of the cavalry, Llow!
Forward the infantry, row on row!
'Vhile every battery leaps with life,
And swells with tongueless throats the
strife!
ISAAC RCSLIXG PENNYPACKER. 1852-.
Gettysburg, and Other Poems. 1890.
INSCRIPTION O
THE SOLDIER
' MONUl\IEXT AT W ATERB"CRY, CO
N.
BRA VE men, who, rallying at your country's call
'Vent forth to fight,-if Heaven willed, to fall I
Returned, ye walk with us through sunnier years,
And hear a nation say, God bless you all!
Brave men, who yet a heavier burden bore,
And came not home to hearts by grief made sore!
They call you dead; but lo! ye grandly Ii ve,
Shrined in the nation's love forevermore!
J u-;EPH ANDERSOX. 1836-.
It:!t:!6.
..
CAY ALRY soxa.
O UR hugles sounel gayly. To horse and away!
And oyer the mountains breaks the day;
Then ho! Lrothers, ho! for the ride or the fight,
There are c1eeds to be done ere we slumher to-night!
.And whether we fight or whether we fall
By sabre-stroke or rifle-ball,
The hearts of the free will remember us yet,
And our country, our country willncver forget!
Then mount and away! let the coward delIght
To be lazy all day and safe all night;
Our joy is a charger, flecked with foam,
.And the earth is our bed and the saddle our home;
\.lltl whether wc fight, etc.
See yonder the ranks of the traitorous foe,
And bright in the sunshine bayonets glow!
Breathe a prayer, but no sigh; think for what you would fight;
Then charge! with a will, boys, and God for the right!
And whether \\'e fight, etc.
""'e have gathered again the red laurels of war;
We have followed the traitors fast and far:
But some who rose ga.yly this morn with the sun
Lie bleeding a1ll1 pale on the field they have won!
1818-90]
V ARIO US POE.JIS.
337
But whether we fight or whether we fan
By sahre-stroke or rifle-ball,
The hcarts of the free will remember us yet,
And our country, our country will never forget!
R08!"ITER \V ORTHlXGTON RAYJIOXD. 1840-.
THE LAXD OF DREA)I
.
I WAKDERED in a pleasant land of dreams,
Through fragrant fields, where harvests rich were laid
In golden swaths, by reaper's swinging blade;
I lingered on the banks of gurgling strcallls,
Where, through its leafy gates, the sunlight gleams,
And glimmers, through interstices of shade;
There every dewdrop is a gem displa.red
Upon the brow of Beauty. Ah! this seems
Her home. Oh would that I could understand
Her speech, for now her voice most sweet I hear,
\nd now her touch, as from a mother's hand,
I fcel, and walw. 'Tis mother standing near;
And 10, the lan(l of vision <.1oth appear.
Behold! It is ")Iy own, my native land."
S..UIUEL ELEAZER :\1 \xx. 18:;3-.
1888.
II.
TITE
IE)IORY OF THE IlEART.
IF stores of dry and lcarn
d lore wc gain
\Ye kecp them in t he memory of the brain;
Kanw!", thing<:, and facts-whate'er we knowledge call,
There is the common Icdger for them all;
A1Hl imagcs on this cold snrface traced
)lakc slight impressions, and are soon effaced,
London, 1!J .Kot'., Ht1f).
See, also. Vol. IT
., page 4..ìO.
VOL. XI.-
'
But wc've a page more glowing and more hright
On which our friendship and Ollr love to write;
Th:1.t these may nevcr from the soul dcpart,
We trust them to the mcmory of the heart.
There is no (linuning-no effacemcnt here;
Each new pulsation kceps the rccord clcar;
,rarm, golden letters all the tablet fill,
Nor lose their lustrc till the heart stands still,
DA
IEL \YEBSTER. 1 ì
-18.j2.
338
VARIOUS POEJlS.
[1818-90
LIBERTY FOR ALL.
TREY tellmc, Liberty! that in thy name
I may not plead for all the human race,
That some are born to bondage tlnCl disgrace,-
So, to a heritage of woe aud shame,-
Aud some to power supreme, and glorious fame:
With my whole soul I spurn the doctrine base
And, as an equal brotherhood, embrace
All people, and for all fair freedom claim!
Know this, 0 man! whate'er thy earthly fate-
God never made a tyrant nor a slave:
Woe, then, to those who dare to desecrate
His glorious hnage-for to all He gave
Eternal rights which none may violate;
And by a mighty hand the oppressed He yet shall save!
'VILLIAM LLOYD GARRISO
. 1805-79.
See, also, Yolo Vl., page 222.
SA
IrEL ÐOAR.
A YEAR ag:o how oftéb dill I meet
"Cndcr these elms, once more in sober bloom,
Thy tall, sad figure pacing down the street,-
But now the rooin sings aoove thy tomb.
Thy name on other shores lllay ne'er oc known,
Though austere ROllle no graver Consul knew;
But l\Iassachusetts her true son <.1oth own,-
Out of her soil thy hardy virtues grew.
She loves the man who chose the conquered cause,
The upright soul that bowed to God alone,
The clean hand that upheld her equal laws,
The old religion, never yet outgrown,
The cold demeanor and warm heart beneath,
The simple grandeur of thy life und death.
FRANKLIN BENJAMI
SA
BORX. 18
1-.
Concord, 27 April, 18G7.
See, alt;o, Vol. YIIL, page 538.
REST.
S WEET is the pleasure
Itself cannot spoil!
Is not true leisure
One with true toil ?
Thou that woulò.st taste it,
Still do thy best;
Use it, not waste it-
Else 'tis no rest.
ItH8-90]
VARIOUS POEMS.
339
W ouldst behold beauty
Near thee? all round?
Only hath duty
Such a sight found.
Fleeing to ocean
After its life.
Rest is not quitting
The busy career;
Rest is the fitting
Of self to its sphere.
Deeper devotion
N ow here hath knelt;
Fuller emotion
Heart never felt.
'Tis the Lrook's motion,
Clear without strife,
'Tis loving and serving
The highest and best;
'Tis onwards! unswerving-
And that is true rest.
JOHN
LLLIVAN DWIGHT. 1813-.
See, also, Vul. rIL, page
33.
THE CEXOTAPII.
OX THE FINAL BL"RI-\.L OF LINCOLX AT SPRIXGFIELD, 14 APRIL, 1881.
The Century ...1Iagazine. 1890.
A XD so they buried Lincoln? Strange and vain!
Has any creature thought of Lincoln hid
In any vault, 'neath any coffin-lid,
In all the years since that wilel Spring of pain?
'Tis false, -he never in the grave hath lain.
You coulclnot Lury him although you slid
"Cpon his clay the Cheops pyramid
Or heaped it with the Rocky )lountain chain.
They slew themschres; they Lut set Lincoln free.
In all the earth his great heart Leats as strong,
Shall heat while pulses throb to chivalry
And burn with hate of tyranny and wrong.
'Vhoever will may finù him, anywhere
Save in the tomb. Not tl1ere,-he is not there!
JA.MES THmIsox J!CKAY. 1843-.
III.
IF I SrrOCLD DIE TO-XIGRT.
I F I should die to-night,
My frif'nds would look upon my quiet face
Before they lai(1 it in its resting-place,
And deem that (1eath had left it almost fair;
And, laying snow-white flowers against my hair,
",. ould smooth it down with tearful tc>n<.1erncss,
An(1 fold my hands with lingering caress,-
Poor hanùs, so empty aud so coltl to-night!
340
V ARlO US POE_1l8.
[1818-90
If I should die to-night,
Iy friends would call to mind with loving thought
Some kindly deed the icy hands had wrought,
Some gcntle word the frozen lips had said,
Errands on which the willing feet had sped;
The mcmory of my selfishness and pride,
My hasty words, would all lJe put aside,
And so I should lJe loved and mourned to-night.
If I should die to-night,
Even hearts estranged would turn once more to me,
Recalling other days remorsefully;
The eyes that chill me with averted glance
Would look upon me as of yore, perchance,
And soften in the old familiar way,
For who could war with dumb, unconscious clay
So I might rest, forgiven of all to-night.
Oh, friends! I pray to-night,
Keep not your kisses for my dead, cold brow:
The way is lunely, let me feel them now.
Think gently of me; I am travel-worn;
l\Iy faltering feet are pierced with many a thorn.
Forgive, oh, hearts estranged, forgive, I plead!
When dreamlc
:'; rest is mine I shall not need
The tenderness for which I long to-night.
BELLE EUGENIA SMITH. 18-.
The Christian Union, 18 Jltnt:, 1873.
'TIS BeT A LITTLE FADED FLOWER.
' T IS but a little faded flower,
But oh, how fondly dear!
'Twill bring me back one golden hour,
Through many a weary year.
I may not to the world impart
The secret of its power,
But treasured in my inmost heart,
I keep my faded flower.
1869.
Where is the heart that doth not keep,
'Within its inmost core,
Some fond remembrance, hidden deep,
Of days that are no more?
Who hath not saved some trifling thing
..:\Iore prized than jewels rare-
A faded flower, a broken ring,
A tress of golden hair
ELLEN CLE:\IEXTI
E HOWARTH. 1827-.
WHAT MY LOYER S
\.lD.
BY the merest chance, in the twilight gloom,
In the orchard path he met me;
In the tall, w(>t grass, with its faint perful1w,
1818-90J
V ARIO US POEJJfS.
And I tried to pass, but he made no room,
Oh I tried, but he would not let me.
So I stood and blushed till the grass grew red,
'Vith my face Lent down above it,
'Yhile hc took my hand as he whispering said-
(How the clonr lifted each pink, Sweet head,
To listen to all that my lover said;
Oh, the clover in bloom, I lo-çe it!)
In the high, wet grass went the path to hide,
And the low, wet leaves hung over;
But I could not pass upon either side,
For I found myself, when I vainly tried,
In the arms of my steadfast lo-çer.
And he held me there and he raised my head,
'Yllile he closed the path Lefore me,
And he looked down into my eyes and said-
(How the leavcs bent down from the boughs o'erhead,
To listen to all that my lover said,
011, the lea\'es hanging lowly o'er me!)
Had he moved asicle but a little way,
I could surely then han passed him;
And he knew I never could wish to stay,
And would not have heard what he had to say,
Could I only aside have cast him.
It was almost dark, and the moments sped,
And the searching night-wind found us,
But he chew me nearer and softly said-
(How the pure, sweet wind grew still, instead,
To listen to all that my lo\"Cr said;
Oh, the whispering wind around us!)
I am sure he knew, when he he1c1 me fast,
That I must be all unwilling;
For I tried to go, and I would ha-çe passCfl.
As the night was come with its dew, at last,
And the sky with its stars was filling.
But he clasped me close when I would have tied,
And he macle me hear his story,
And his soul came out from his lips and said-
(How the stars crept out whel'e the white moon lcd,
To listen to all that my lover said;
Oh, the moon and the stars in glory!)
I know that the grass and the leaves will not tell,
And I'm sure that the wind, precious rover,
Will carry my secret
o safely and well
That no being shall eycr discover
One word of the many that rapidly fell
From the soul-speaking lips of IllY lover;
And the moon and the stars that looked over
Shall never reveal what a fairy-like spell
341
342
VARIOC'S POEJfS.
[1818-9u
They wove round about us that night in the (lell,
In the path through the dew-laden clover,
:Kor echo the whispers that made my heart swell
.As they fell from the lips of my lover.
limIER GREEXE. 1853-.
N. 1': Evening Post, 19 Not'., 1875.
C OULD you have seen the violets
That blossome(l in her eJes,
Could you have kissed that golden hair,
And drunk her LaLy sighs,-
You woulll have been her tiring-maid
As joyfully as I j
Content to deck your little queen,
And let the world go by.
The Overland Monthly. 1870.
DAISY.
Could you have seen those violetR
Hide in their graves of snow,
Drawn all that gold along your hand t
While she lay, smiling so,-
0, you would tread this weary earth
As heavily as I j
Content to clasp her little grave,
And let th
world go by.
EMILY WARRE
. 18-.
D EAR eyes, forbear to weep,
Seeing where heavy-lidded sleep
Stands at the threshold of the day,
Ready to bear thy woes away.
Sad heart, forbear to break,
Knowing that even the violets wake
And seek the spring with wistful eyes
Under the gray of winter skies.
The Overland
jfonthly, It;t;3.
.
SONG.
\h, Love! ask not to die,
W ntching the moon fade down the sky,
A trembling crescent, that anew
Rounds to a bubble 'gainst the blue.
And surely we who wait,
Unquestioning, the gifts of fate,
"T aiting, shall find life's hoarded sweet
Flung with the flood-tide at our feet,
:\lAR\ CATlIERI
E BISHOP. 18-.
COUXSEL.
I F thou shouldst bid thy friend farewell,
-But for one night though that farewell should be-
Press thou his hand in thine; how canst thou tell
How far from thee
Fate or Caprice may lead his feet
Ere that to-morrow come? )[en have heen known
Lightly to turn the corner of a street,
.And days have grown
1818-90]
VARIOUS POEMS.
343
To months, and months to lagging years,
Before they looked in loving eyes again.
Parting, at best, is underlaid with tears,
-,nth tears and pain.
Therefore, lest sudden death should come between,
Or time, or distance, clasp with pressure true
The palm of him who goeth forth. "Cnseen
:Fate goeth too!
Yea, :find thou alway time to say
Some earnest word betwixt the idle talk,
Lest with thee henceforth, night and day,
Regret should walk.
MARY EVELYN MOORE DAVIS. 18-.
The Gala:ry. 1872.
":\L-\:NY THINGS THOU HAST GIYE
:\IE, DEAR HEART."
M ANY things thou hast given me, dear heart;
But one thing thou hast taken: that high dream
Of heaven as of a country that should seem
Beyond all glory that divinest art
Has pictured :-with this I have had to part
Since knowing thee i-how long, love, will the gleam
Of each day's sunlight on my pathway stream,
Richer than what seemed richest at the start î
ì\Iake my days happy, love; yet I entreat
)Iake not each happier than the last for me;
Lest heaven itself should dawn to me, complete
In joy, not the surprise I dreamed 'twould be,
But simply as the natural and sweet
Continuance of days spent here with thee.
ALICE WELLINGTON ROLLINS, 1847-.
The Rz:ng of Amethyst. 1878.
DESPO
DE
CY.
S PRING comes with !'loft caress,
And paints thy cheek
And perfumes thy long hair,
That dead thou may'st be fair.
Then summer brings her buds
And wealth of leaves,
That in the dusty tomb
Thy grave-clothes lack not bloom.
See, also, Vol. X., page 573.
Autumn gives store of fruit
And goodly cheer,
That thy funereal feast
Shall not be scant, at least.
And winter brings a shroud,-
Last gift to thee;
('over the grave-mound high;
Thou wert born, sweet, to die!
ARLO BATES. 1850-.
344
VARIOUS POEMS.
[1818-90
THE TWO l\IOTHERS.
FOR fondling arm, warm breast, and life's sweet tide,
'What dost thou to thy mother make retmn ?
Some madcap girl can win thee from her side;
Few tears, at best, hast thou above her urn.
Only to Earth, thy mother, art thou just:
To her thou givest all within thy power,
Thy life, thy breath, thyself,-a pinch of dust,
To star her bosom with a summer flower.
EPIPHAXIUS WILSON. 1845-.
The Atla,ntic Monthly. 1889.
DAX'S WIFE,
U P in early morning light,
Swee ! )in IT dustinO' "settinO'riO'ht , "
b' b' b b
Oiling all the household springs,
Sewing buttons, tying strings,
Telling Bridget what to do,
l\Iending rips in J o lllllly's shoe,
Running up and down the stair,
Tying baby in his chair,
Cutting meat :md spreading bread,
Dishing out so much per head,
Eating as she can, by chance,
Giving husband kindly glance;
Toiling, "orking, lmsy life,-
" Smart woman,
Dan's wife. "
Dan comes home at fall of night,
Home so cheerful, neat and bright;
Children meet him at the door,
Pull him in and look him o'er;
'Vife asks "how the work has gone? "
"Busy times with us at home! "
Supper done-Dan reads at ease;
Happy Dan, but one to please!
Children must ùe pnt to bed-
All their little prayers are said;
Little shoes are placed in rows,
Bed-clothes tucked o'er little toes;
Busy, noisy, wearing life,-
Tired woman,
Dan's wife.
The Salem Obsen'er. 1872.
Dan reads on, and falls asleep,-
See the woman softly creep;
Baby rests at last, poor dear,
Kot a word her heart to cheer;
1\Iending-basket full to top,
Stockings, shirts, and little frock;
Tired eyes and weary brain,
Side with darting, ugly pain-
"Never mÏIHI, 'twill pass away";
She must work, but never play;
Closed piano, unused hooks,
Done the walks to cusey nooks,
Brightness faded out of life,-
Sachlened woman,
Dan's wife.
Up-stairs, tossing to and fro,
Fever hulds the woman low;
Children wander. free to play,
'Vhen amI where they will to-clay;
Bridget loiters-dinner's cold,
Dan looks anxious, cross and old;
Household screws are out of place,
Lacking one dear, patient face;
Steady hands-so weak, hut true-
Hands that knew just what to do,
Never knowing rest or play,
Folded now-and laid away;
Work of six, in one short life,-
Shattered woman,
Dan's wife.
KATE TANNATT "\VOODS. Ib-.
1818-90]
rARIOUS POEMS.
345
TIlE FIRST STEP.
The Cenlltry ....JIagazine. 1tJtJ4.
M y little one begins his feet to try,
A tottering, feeble, inconsistent way;
Pleased with the effort, he forgets his play,
And leaves his infant baubles where they lie.
Laughing and proud his mother flutters nigh,
Turning to go, yet joy-compelled to stay,
And bird-like, singing what her heart would say;
But not so certain of my bliss am I,
For I bethink me of the days in store
'Vherein those feet must traverse realms unknown,
And half forget the pathway to our door.
And I recall that in the seasons flown
'Ve were his all-as he was all our o\\'n-
But never can be quite so any more.
AXDREW BICE S.AXTO
. 1856-.
MY OTHER )[E.
C HILDREN, do you ever,
In walks by land or sea,
:l\Ieet a little maiden
Long time lost to me ?
Long time since I lost her,
That other ::\Ie of mine;
She crossed into Time's shadow
Out of Youth's sunshine.
She 1S gay and gladsome,
Has a laughing face,
And a )leart as sunny;
And her Dame is Grace.
Now the darkness keeps ller:
And call her as I will,
The years that lie between us
Hide her from me still.
Naught she knows of sorrow,
Naught of doubt or blight;
Heaven is just above her-
All her thoughts are white,
I am dull and pain-worn,
And lonely as can be-
Oh, children, if you meet her,
Dend back my other ::\Ie!
GRACE DEKIO LITCHFIELD. 1849-.
'VHA T HA YE I DOXE?
I LAY my finger on Time's wrist to score
The forward-surging moments as they roll;
Each pulse seems quicker than the one before,
And lo! my days pile up against my soul
As clouds pile up against the golden sun:
Alas! what have I done? what have I done?
346
V
lRIO us POEMS.
[1818-90
I never steep the rosy hours in sleep,
Or hide my soul as in a gloomy cr)'pt;
No idle hanùs into my bosom creep;
And yet, as water-drops from house-caves ùrip,
So, viewless, melt my days, and from me run:
Alas! what have I done? what have I clone?
I have not missed the fragrance of the flower
.
Or scorned the music of the flowing rills
Whose numerous liquid tongues sing to the hours;
Yet rise my days behind me like the hills,
Unstarred by light of mighty triumphs won:
Alas! what have I done? what have I llone ?
Be still, my soul; restrain th)' lips from woe;
Cease thy lament 1 for life is out the flower;
The fruit comes after death: how canst thou know
The roundness of its form, its grace and power?
Death is Life's morning; when thy work's begun,
Then ask thyself, 'Vhat yet is to be done?
LILLI EN BLANCIIE F'EARI
&. 1864-.
The Sleepmg 1V orld, and Othe1' Poems. 1887.
TRANSITIO
.
.
Hallo, lfy Fancy! It)87.
H ER eyes looked out across this WOl"ld of our;;-
Seen through her lashes as fI. silken yeil-
Wondering that striving mortals e'er could fail,
Startled to see the earth bear aught but flowers.
And all her senses seemed to watch and wait
For something that would touch and stir them all.
And something, lifeless yet, to being call;
She wished it comc, yet, timid, feared her fate.
And ere she knew the name of Love, one day
(AU flushed hel' cheek, and tear-bedewed her eyes,)
He kissed her lips. With tender, sweet surprise
The woman lived-the child hatl passed away.
STEPHE
DECATUR S:\IITH, JR. 1861-.
IV,
CHARLIE'S STORY.
I WAS sitting in the twilight,
'Vith my Charlie on my knee,-
(Little two-year-old, forever
Teasing, "Talk
'tory, pease, to me.")
"Now," I said, "'talk' me a "tory.'"
"'V ell," reflectively, "I'll'mence.
Mamma, I difl see a kitty,
Great-hig-kitty, on the fence. It
1818-901
VARIOUS POE..Jl::'.
347
)[amma smiles. Five little fingers
Cover up hel laughing lips.
"Is 00 laughing?" .. Yes, " I tell him,
But I kiss the finger-tips,
.And I say, " :Now tell another. "
. , Well, " (all smiles) "now I will
'mence.
)Iamma, I did see a doggie,
Great-big-doggie, on the fence. "
ëpringfield Republican. !) .NO!'., -lðì7.
" Rather similar,-your stories,
\.ren't they, dear?"
\. sober
look
Swept across the pretty forehead,
Then he sudden courage took.
"But I know a nice, new 'tory,
'Plendid, )Iamma! Hear me 'mence.
)Ialll III a, I-did-see-a-e{t'unt,
Great-ùig-elfunt, on the fcnce! "
KATE "GPSON CLARK. l
-,
'::;p Xt'IALL Y JD1.
I W"GS mighty good-look in' when I wus young,
Peert an' black-eyed an' slim,
'Vith fellers a-courtin' me Sunday nights,
'Spiicially Jim.
The likeliest one of 'em all wus he,
Chipper an' han'som' an' trim;
But I to:5sed up illY head an' made fun 0' the crowd,
'Spiicially Jim.
I said I hadn't no 'pinion 0' men,
An' I wouldn't take stock in him!
But they kep' on a-com in' in spite 0' my t&lk,
'Spiicially Jim.
I got so tired 0' havin' 'em roun'
CSpiicially Jim!)
I made up my mind I'd settle down
\n' take up with him.
So we wus married one Sunday in church,
'Twas crowded full to the ùrim;
'Twas the only way to git rid of 'em all,
'Späcially Jim.
The Century .J1Iagazine. 1
8..t
BESSIE :MORGA V. lR-.
.\FE.\RED (IF .\ GAL.
O R, darn it all !-nfeared of her,
And such a mite of a gal;
Why, two of hel' size rolled into one
Won't ditto
ister Sal!
Her voice is sweet as the whippoorwill's,
And the sunshine's in her hair;
But I'a ratlH'l' fnce a redskin's knifE',
Or the grip of a grizzly bear.
Yet Sal says, "'Vhy, she's such a dear,
She's just the one for you."
Oh, darn it all !-afeared of a gal,
And me just six feet two!
R48
V ARlO US POEJIS.
[1818-90
Though she ain't any
ize, while I'm
Considerable tall,
I'm nowhere when she speaks to me,
She makes me feel so small.
}Iy face grows red, my tongue gets
hitched,
The cussed thing won't go;
It riles me, 'cause it makes her think
I'm most tarnation slow.
.And though folks say she's sweet on me,
I guess it can't be true.
Oh, darn it all !-afeared of a gal,
.\.nd me just six feet two!
My sakes! just s'pose if what the folks
Is saying should be so!
Go, Cousin Jane, and speak to her,
Find out and let me know;
Tell her the gals should court the men,
For isn't this leap-year?
That's why I'm kind of bashful like,
A waiting for her here;
And should she hear 1"m scared of
her,
You'll swear it can't be true.
Oh, darn it all !-afeared of a gal,
And me just six feet two!
A.NONY:\IOUS.
A DITTY.
T DIE hath some secrets he will ne'er disclose,
Strive as we will, we may not all discover;
True to herself, sweet-fashioned as a rose,
Jenny doth live, and yet
he hath no lover!
Jenny doth live! ye hearts of slighted worth,
Grieve not though fame witl brightest wing doth hover
O'er spirits portionle::!s! Fair a::! her birth,
Jenny doth live, and yet she hath no lover.
GILBERT PETER KNAPP. 18.35-.
A LITTLE BROTIIER OF TIIR RICH.
T o put new shingles on old roofs;
To give old women wadded skirts;
To treat premonitory coughs
'With seasonable flannel shirts;
To soothe the stings of poverty
And keep the jackal from the door-
These are the works that occupy
The Little Sister of the Puor.
She carries, everywhere she goes,
Kind words and chickens, jams and
coals;
Poultices for corporeal woes,
And sympathy for downcast souls;
Her currant jelly-her quinine,
The lips of fever move to bless.
She makes the humble sick-room shine
'Vith unaccustomed tilliness.
4\. heart of hers the instant twin
And vivid counterpart is mine;
I also serve my fellow-men,
Though in a somewhat different line.
The Poor and their concerns she has
Monopolized, because of which
It falls to me to labor as
A Little Brother of the Rich.
For their sake at no sacrifice
Dues my devoted spirit quail;
I give their horses exercise;
A
ballast on their yachts I sail.
rpun their Tally-lIo's I ride
And brave the chances of a storm;
I even use my own inside
To keep their wines and victuals
wann.
1818-90 J
V ARlO US POEJfS.
349
Those whom we strive to benefit
Dear to our hearts soon grow to
be;
I love my Rich, and I admit
That they are very good to me.
Succor the Poor, my sisters, 1.
'While heaven shall still vouchsafe me
health,
'Will strive to share and mollify
The trials of abounding wealth.
EDWARD S_<\
FORD MARTIN. 1856-.
A Little Brother of the Rich, and uther Poerns. 1888.
v.
LAME
T OF A )IO('l\J
G-BIRD.
S ILENCE instead of thy sweet song. my bird.
'Which through the darkness of my winter days
'Warbling of sumlUer sunshine still was heard;
l\Iute is thy song, and vacant is thy place.
The spring comes hack again, the fielùs rejoice,
Carols of gladness ring from every tree;
But I shall hear thy wild triumphant voice
No more: my summer song has clied with thee.
What didst thou sing of, oh, my summer bird
The broad, bright, brimming river, whose swift sweep
And whirling eddies hy the home are heard,
Rushing, rcsistless, to the calling deep.
What didst thou sing of, thou melodious sprite
Pine forests, with smooth russet carpets spreall,
Where e'en at noonday dimly falls the light,
Through gloomy hlue-green branches ovel'he:1t l.
What didst thou sing of, oh, thou jubilant soul?
Ever-fresh flowers and never-leafless trees,
Bending great ivory cups to the control
Of the soft swaying orange-scented breeze.
What didst thou ðing of, thou embodied glee?
Thc wide wild marshes with their clashing reeds
And topaz-tinted channels, where the sea
Daily its ticles of briny freshncss leads.
'Vhat didst thou sing of, oh, thou wingèd voice
Dark, bronze-leaved oaks, with silver mosses crowned,
'Vhere thy frce kindred live, love, :md rC'joiee.
"
ith wreaths of golden jasmine curtained rouncl.
These rlidst thou sing of, spirit of delight!
From thy own radiant sky, thou quivering spark!
These thy sweet >;outhern dreams of warmth and light,
Through the grim northern winter drear and clark.
FRAxn:s ANN KE:\IBLE.
1800-.
See, also, Yolo 17., page 300.
350
rARIOUS POEJI8.
[1818-90
'YIlEX TIlE COWS ('O)IE IIO)IE.
\"{TITH klingle, klangle, klingle,
\' V "Yay down the dusty dingle,
The cows are coming home;
Now sweet and clear, and faint and low,
The airy tinklings come and go,
Like chimings from some far-off tower,
Or patterings of an April shower
That makes the daisies grow.
Ko-kling, ko-ldang, kok1inglelingle,
"Vay down the darkening dingle
The cows come slowly home;
And old-time friends, and twilight plays,
And starry nights and sunny days
Come trooping up the misty ways
1Vhen the ('ows come home.
'Vith jingle, jangle, jingle,
Soft sounds that sweetly mingle,
The cows are coming home;
Malvine, and Pead, and Florimcl,
De Kamp, TIedrose, and Gretchen Schell,
Queen Bess, and Sylph, and Spangled
:-:'ue-
Across the 1ielils r hear her 100-00,
Anù clang her sil vel' bell.
Go-ling, go-lang, golinglelingle,
"ït.h faint far sounds that mingle,
The cows come slowly bome;
And mother-songs of long-gone years,
And baby joys, and childish tears,
And youthful hopes, aUll youthful fears,
'Vhen the cows come home.
'Vith I'ingle, rangle, ringle,
By twos and threes and single,
The cows are coming home.
Through the violet air we see the town,
And the summer sun a-slipping down;
The maple in the hazel glade
Tl1rows down the path a longer shade,
Anù the hills are growing brown.
To-ring, to-rang, toringleringle,
By thr('es and fours and single.
The cows come slowly home:
The same sweet sounù of ""onlle
s psalm,
The same sweet .June-day rf'st and calm,
The same sweet
ccnt of bud and balm,
"Then the ('ows come home.
,nth a tinkle, tank Ie, tinkle,
Through fern and periwinkle,
The cows are coming home;
A-loitering in the checkered stream,
Where the sun-rays glance and gleam,
Starine, Peachbloom, and Phæbe Phyllis
Stand knee-deep in the creamy lilies,
In a llrowsy (lream,
To-link, to-link, tolinklclinkle,
O'er banks with buttercups a-twinkle
The cows come 8lmy ly home;
And up through memory's deep ravine
Come the brook's old song amI its old-
time sheen,
And the crescent of the silver queen,
'V1H'n the cows come home.
,nth a klingle, klangle, klingle,
,nth a 100-00, anù moo-oo, and jingle,
The cows are coming home;
And mTer there on Merlin hill,
Hear the plaintive cry of the whippoor-
will ;
The dew-drops lie on the tangled yines,
And over the poplars Venus shines,
And over the silent mill.
Ko-ling, ko-Iang, kolinglelingle,
'Vith ting-a-ling and jingle,
The cows come slowly home.
Let down the hars; let in the train
Of long-gone songs, and flowers, and rain;
For deal' old times come hack again
"
hen the cows come home.
ÅOXE:::i E. :MITCHELL. 18-.
THE ()'LIXCOLX FAMILY.
A FLOCK of merry singing-birds were sportin
in the grove;
Some were warbling cheerily, and some were making love:
There were Bobolincol1, \Vaàolincon, 1Yinterseehle, Conquedle,-
A livelier set was never lell hy tabor, pipe, or filhlle,-
1818-90 J
V ARlO US PO.E.JJö.
351
Crying, .. Phew, shew, "
adolincon, see, see, Boùolincon,
Down among the tickletops, hi(ling in the buttercups!
I know the saucy chap, I see his shining cap
Bobbing in the cIon-r there-see, see, see
"
Up flies Jjobolincon. perching on an apple-tree,
Startled IJY his rival's song, quickened by his raillery,
Soon he spies the rogue afloat, curveting in the air,
And merrily he turns about, and warns him to ùeware!
" 'Tis you that would a-wooing go, down among the rushes O!
But wait a week, till flowers are cheery,-wait a week, and ere you marry
Be sun' of a house wherein to tarry!
'Va(lolink, 'Vhiskodink, Tom Denny, wait, wait, wait.!"
Every onc's a funny fellow; e'"ery one's a little mellow;
Follow, follow, follow, follow, o'er the hill aud in the hollow!
Merrily, merrily, there they hic; now they rise and now they fly j
They cross and turn, and in and out., and down in the middle, and wheel
about,-
'Vith a "Phew, shew, 'Yadolincon! listen to me, Boùo]incon!-
Happy's the wooing that's specdily doing, that's speedily doing,
That's merry and over with the bloom of the clover!
Bobolincon, 'Vadolincoll, 'Vinterseeble, follow, follow me! "
'V ILSON FLAGG. 1805-84.
See, al::;u, roz. 17., page 2:1';.
TilE LITTLE KNIGHT IX GREEK.
"""{
THA T fragrant-footed comcr
"V Is stepping o'er my head?
Behold, my quecn! the Summer!
'Vho deems her warriors dea(1.
Now rise, ye knights of lllany fights,
From out your sleep profound!
Make sharp your spears, my gallant
peers,
.And prick thc frozen ground.
Before thc 'Yhit.e Host harm her,
'Ve'll hurry to her aid;
'Ve'll don our clfin armor,
And every tiny blatle
Shall bear atop a dcwy drop,
The life-blood of the frost,
Till from their king the onler ring:
"Fall hack! the day is lost."
Now shame to knighthood, brothers!
l\lust Summcr plead in vain?
And shall I wait till others
My CI'OWn of :sunshine gain?
Alone this day I'll tlare the fray,
Alone the victory win;
In me my queen shall find, I ween,
A sturdy paladin.
To battle! Ho! King Winter
Hath rushed on me apace,-
My fragile blade cloth splinter
Bencath his icy mace.
I stagger hack. I yield-alack!
I fall. }\Iy scnses pass.
'V oe worth the chance for doughtiest
lance
Of all the House of Grass!
Last hope lilY heart gives over.
But hark! a shout of cheer!
Don Daisy and Count CIO\'cr,
Sir Buttercup, are hcre!
Behold! hehold! with shield of gold
Princc Dandelion comes.
Lord Bumble-Bee beats valiantly
His rolling battle-drums.
352
V ARlO US PO EMS.
[1818-90
My brothers leave their slumbers
And lead the van of war;
Before our swplling numbers
The foes are driven far.
The day's our own; but, overthrown,
A little Knight in green,
I kiss her feet and deem it sweet
To perish for my queen,
KATHARINI<: LEE BATES. 18-.
The Springfield Republican. 1883.
(Author's revisiun.)
\YHAT SEES THE O\YL?
H IS velvet wing sweeps through the night;
'With magic of his wondrous sight
He oversees his vast domain,
And king supreme of night doth reign,
Around him lies a silent world,
The day with all its noise is furled;
\Vhen every shadow seems a moon,
And every light a sun at noon.
How welcome from the blinding glare
Is the cool grayness of the air!
How sweet the power to reign, a ldng,
When day his banishmct!t will Lring!
For him the colorless moonlight
Burns brilliant, an aurora bright;
The forest's deepest gloom stands clear
From mystery and helpless fear.
He sees the silver cobwebs spun,
The dewdrops set the flowers have won,
The firefly's gleam offends his sight,
It seems a spark of fierce sunlight,
Clear winter nights when be so bold,
"For all his feathers, is a-cold,"
Sees the Frost-spirit fling his lace,
And fashion icicles apace.
At his weird call afar and faint
A sleepy echo, like the quaint
Last notes of some wild clumt, replie"s
And mocks his solitude-anll dies.
ELIZABETH SEARS BATES. 18-..
The Overland 111onthly. 18!;!).
1818-90]
V ARlO US POEMS.
353
A COU
TRY ROAD,
Y ELLOW with dust it sleeps in noonday's glare,
Yellow with dust it stretches far away;
On the mossed wall the chipmunks frisk and play,
Where golden daisies broider all the air.
N ow nature seems to dream 'mid fragrance I'are,
For summer silence holds unhroken sway,
Till rounel the bend a creaking 'wain of hay
Comes lumbering down the drowsy thoroughfare;
Then all is still again. The orchard trees
Are motionless as the distant purple hills
On which the shadows of the white clouds rest,
When suddenly the white-flecked clover seas
All joyous tremble, while the IJobolink trills
His wildest melo(lie
with sweet unrest.
RICHARD KENDALL l\Iu
KITTRICK, 1853-.
Harper's 1Veekly. 188-.
TilE WOOD-SPRITE,
H OW black, how bleak, how cold,
how wild!
Squirrels and mice don't know what's
fun;
They skulk helow in fur three-piled,
Nor show their nose till all is done;
How blows the snow, ho
hranches how,
Cut to and fro, lash high and low!
Till crack! alack, they snap and go.
o night of ruin, night of woe!
To-morrow, to the wood-folks' sorrow,
::\Iany a fine tree, lying low
'Vill show with top-twigs in the snow.
But naught care I should pincs fall, pat
I rise from 'neath them like the air;
Or, 'gainst the trunks blown, like a hat,
I cling and stay suspcndecl there.
Or, !'hould a spruce-hough scurry by,
"rith cones up-pointed, leaf-tufts trailed,
I hoard it, and away speed I,
The maddest voyage ever sailed,
I skip and skim, and hang and bump,
The Century ...lIagazine. 1883.
VOL. XI -'23
.And bounce and jump, and thud and
thump,
A.nd chase ten devils round a stump;
Till rolled in snow, a frozen lump,
I tumble where some soul must stumble
Lpon me-down he flounders plump
Like a lost soul at doomsday trump.
Last night, the deacon, hurrying past,
On good works bent, my form did find.
He picked me up and stood aghast,
But wrapped me from the hitter wind,
Then ran through banks and brakes and
drifts,
\..nd plunge he did, and slip, and slide,
\nd fall off rocks, and stick in rifts,
Before he reached his cold fh.e-side.
Thcn, while he plics the fire, and tries,
"-ith puffing cheeks and smarting eyes,
His best to raise a flarne---:-my cries
They drown the tcmpest, pierce the skies;
Hooting, calling, yelling, squalling,
Like everything that runs or flies,
To the good man's wild surprise.
ROGER RIORDAN. 1847-.
35-1
rARIO us POE..JIS.
[1818-90
\VINTER \YOODS.
Z IGZAG branches darkly traced
On a chilly and ashen sky;
Puffs of powdery snow displaced
\Vhen the winds go by.
Sudden voices in the air,-
They are crooning a tale of woe,
And my heart is wooed to share
The sadness of the snow.
The Atlantic lJIonthly. 1870.
Stillness in the naked woods,
Save the click of a twig that breaks;
In these dim white solitudes,
Nothing living wakes;-
Nothing, but a wanùering bird,
"\Vhich has never a song" to sing,-
To my heart a whispered word
And a dream of spring!
GEORGE COOPER. 1840-.
TIlE SKA. TER.
BENEATH her skates the curved steel
bars
Seemed like two naked scimitars
That gleam about the sandals in
The sword-dance of the Bedouin.
And all around her flying feet
The ice mist flew unceasingly:
As free she was and full as fleet
As sea-gulls skimming' o'er the sea,
It was the sea in different guise.
Like Mercury she wore her wing's,
And deep within her fearless
eyes
There lived the soul of flying things.
ORTH HARPER
TEIN.
T HE cocoa, with its crest of spears,
Stands sentry 'round the crescent
shore,
And algeroha, bent with years,
Keeps watch beside the lanai door.
The cool winds fan the mango.s cheek,
The mynah flits from tree to tree,
And zephyrs to the roses speak
Their sweetest words at \Vaikiki.
Like truant children of the deep
Escaped hehind a coral wall,
The lisping wavelets laugh and leap,
N or heed old ocean's stern recall.
All day they frolic with the sauùs,
Kiss pink-lipped shells in wanton glee,
Make windrows with their patting hands,
And, singing, sleep at \Yaikiki.
VI.
\V' AIKIKI.
The closing curtain of the night
Is shading down the gold to gray,
And on the reef the flaring light
Of brown-armed fisher, far away,
Dyes red the waves that thunder by
The sturdy hulwarks of the sea,
And hreaking into ripplets, die
"Gpon the breast of Waikiki.
Now come wild echoes through the air,
\.nd shadow of a rugged face,
\Yith iron limbs and shoulders hare-
The chieftain of a dusky rnce
\VllOse hostile front, 'with lifted lance,
And war-prows flecking all the sea,
Swept through the palms with bold ad-
vance
Along the shores of 'Vaikiki.
1818-90]
V ARlO US POEMS.
355
.And all unchecked in martial course
By menace or the spear of foe,
The misty columns move in force,
Their chieftain leading as they go,
Up, up Xuuanu's rocky bed
Till, looking down through clouds,
they see
The beetling front of Diamond Head
And silver sands of "Taikiki.
On! on! the foe has reached the verge,
And o'er the Pali's awful side,
'Yith shout and stroke aUll battle-surge
Is poured a shrieking human tide.
Then all is still; the work is ùone;
And thus the shadows come to me
'When twilight clouds, kissed by the sun,
Have Lronzed the shores of "\Vaikiki.
Tributes of Hawaiian Verse. 1882.
And then, with tropic murmurs blent,
Come distant voices half divine; -
While mingled with the ylangylang's
scent
Is breath of sage and mountain pine;
And from Diablo's vine-clad feet,
From desert bleak and green Maumee,
Are wafted strains to me as sweet
As e'er were hearù at 'Yaikiki.
o Waikiki! 0 scene of peace!
o homc of heauty al1l1 of dreams!
No haven in the isles of Greece
Can chord the harp to s",eeter themes;
For houries haunt the broad lanais,
"'hile scented zephyrs cool the lea,
Anù, looking down from sunset skies,
The angels smile on 1Vaikiki.
ROLLI X .MALLORY DAGGETT. 18
1-.
üXDER THE PAI..J
IS.
P ROL"D is his heart, and strong his
lim b,
As his own desert's tiger brood,
And all my soul is lost in him!
"-hat reeked he then, myfierce }'Iahmoud,
Of turbant'd Sheik or belted Khan,
"
hcn, 'neath the date-palm spreading
wide,
,nth beating heart I saw him ride
Along the road to Toorkistan 1
Ah me!
Beside his saddle-girth to be!
Bencath the noonday's breathless heat
The whitening sand-leagues flame and
glow;
At eve the oasis odors sweet
.Acrm"s the darkening deserts blow.
But ne'er my hungry eyes may scan,
By garish day or evening-tide,
The war-troops of my hero ride
Along the road from Toorkistan.
Ah me!
The night-birds haunt the rustling
tree!
"Gp to my scarlet-woven tent
The way-worn warriors journey slow;
"rhy is yon silent rider hent
Upon his horse's saddle-bow?
Each eye is dim, each cheek is wan:
'Vhy pale before your chieftain's bride 1
The 'broidered burnos falls asidc-
'Tis he!
They bend thcir spear-points low to
me!
FREDERICK K. CRO
llY. 1845-74.
Info Light, and Otl/er Poem.<:. Privately printed. 18,(3.
356
VARIOUS POEMS.
[lS18-90
-t KIXG I
EGYPT.
I THINK I lie by the lingering Nile,
I think I am one that has lain long while,
My lips sealed up ill a solemn smile,
In the lazy laud of the loitering Nile.
I think I lie in the Pyramid,
And the darkness weighs on the closed eyelid,
And the air is heavy where I am hid,
With the stone on stone of the Pyramid.
I think there are graven godhoods grim,
That look from the walls of my chamber dim,
And the hampered hand and the muffiedlimb
Lie fixed in the spell of their gazes grim.
I think I lie in a languor vast,
Numb, dumb soul in a body fast,
Waiting long as the world shall last,
Lying cast in a languor vast.
Lying muffled in fold on fold,
'Vith the gum and the gold ancl the spice enrolled,
And the grain of a year that is old, old, old,
Wound arounc1 in the fine-tpun fold.
The sunshine of Egypt is on my tomb;
I feel it warming the still, thick gloom,
Warming and waking an old perfume,
Through the carven honors upon my tomb.
The old sunshine of Egypt is on the stone;
And the sands lie red that the wind hath sown,
And the lean, lithe lizard at play alone
Slides like a shadow across the stone.
And I lie with the Pyramid over my head,
I am lying dead, lying long, long dead,
With my days all done, and my words all said,
And the deeds of my days written over my head.
IIELE
TH--\YER HUTCHESOY. 18G0-86.
St. Nicholas. 1890.
RIYALS.
G RAY in the east,
Gray in the west, and a moon.
Dim gleam the lamps of the ended feast
Through the misty dawn of June;
.\.nd I turn to watch her go
Swift as the swallows flee,
Side by side with Joaquin Castro,
Heart by heart with me.
1818-Ûü]
VARIOUS POE
}IS.
357
Jasmine star afloat
In her soft hair's dusky strands,
.Jasmine white is her swelling throat,
And jasmine white her hands.
Ah, the plea of that clinging hand
Through the wl.1irl of that wild waltz
tune!
Lost-lost for a league of land,
Lying dark 'neath the sinking moon!
Over yon stream,
The casa rests on its hard clay floor,
Its red tiles dim in the misty gleam,
Old Pedro Vidal at the door,
And his small eye ranges keen
Over vistas of goodly land-
Brown hills, with wild-oat sweeps be-
tween,
Bought with his daughter's hand,
Tangled and wreathed,
The wild boughs over the wild streams
meet;
And over the swamp flowers musky-
breathed,
_\nd the cresses at their feet;
And over the dimpled springs,
"
here the deep brown shadows flaunt,
And the heron folds his ivory wing:,
And waits in his ferny haunt.
Side-scarred peaks
Where the gray sage hangs like a smoke,
And the vultures wipe their bloody beaks,
From the feast in the crotchèd oak:
You are Castro's, hemming his acres in;
And I his vaquero, who o'er you rove,
Hold wealth he would barter you all to
win-
The wealth of her broad sweet love.
Joaquin Castro
Rides up from her home where the
stream-mists hang,
And the cnñon sides toss to and fro
The tread of his black mustang-
Half wild, a haughty beast,
Scarce held by the taut-drawn rein;
And a madness leaps into my breast,
.\nd that wild waltz whirls in my brain.
The Overland JIonthl!J. 1:0:86.
By his mountain streams
We meet, and the waves glint through
the shades;
And we light the morn with long thin
gleams,
And wake it with clash of blades.
From some pale crag is borne
The owl's derisive laugh;
And the gray deer flies, like a shadow
of dawn,
From the tide it fain would quaff.
A suùden wheel,
Then away, away, and the far hush
rings
'Vith hoof-beat, and chime of the spurrèd
heel;
And the blue air winds and sings
In the coils from each round gathering
strength,
Ere r rise in my saddle for truer throw,
That the rope may spring its serpent
length,
And drag from his scat my foe.
"-as it an owl
Speedily flitting the trail across,
Or a twisted bough in its monk-like cowl
And robe of the long gray moss?
Or the race has frenzied the black's wild
brain?
lIe rears, to the stout rein gives no
heed,
Then backward, backward-curls and
mane
Intermingled, necks broken, rider and
steed.
Ah, señor,
She is mine. It was all long years ago.
And at eve, when we sit in our vine-bung
<.1oor,
She speaks of Joaquin Castro.
How they found him there; and sweet
drops start
From sweeter eyes. _\nd who shall
know
That the branJ of Cain burns red on my
heart,
bince the scar was spared my brow?
YIRUIXU. PEYTO:-J FAU:-JTLl.ROY. 18-.
358
V ARlO US PO EiVS,
(1818-9()
ENGLAND.
THOU art as a lone watcher on a rock,
'Yith Saxon hair back-floating in the wind,
Gazing where stranger ships, to doom consigned,
"V"pon the sullen ledges grind and knock.
Fair were the barks round which the breakers flock,
Rich freights had they of treasure for mankind,
And gallant were the hearts that left behind
The sea's broad buffet for the channel's shock.
Slow, slow the ship that brings thy liberties
Cuts the white tempest or the bright, blue brine;
Aud wanders oft before the whelming storm;
And ever the swift straits and shallows flees.
But near, more near the haven's sheltering line,
Up the long sea-curve rides its stately form.
RICHARD EDWI:-J DAY. 1
52-.
Poem8. 1888.
VII.
PRIV ATE DEVOTION.
I LOVE to steal awhile away
From every cumhering care,
And spend the hours of setting day
In humble, grateful prayer.
I love, in solitude, to shed
The peniten tial tear;
And all His promises to pleaò,
Where none but God can hear,
And an my cares and SOrrows CRSt
On Him whom I adore.
I love, by faith, to take a view
Of brighter scenes in heaven;
The prospect doth my strength renew,
'Yhile here by tempests driven.
Thus, when life's toilsome day is o'er,
?tray its departing ray
Be calm as this impressive hour,
And lead to endless day.
PHlEBE IIn,SDALE BROW:-J. 1783-1861.
Compressed in ]),Tettleton's "Village Hymns" (1
24) to these stanzas, from the origi-
nal poem written at Ellington, Conn., 1818,
I love to think on mercies past,
And future good implore;
FOR DIVINE STRENGTH.
F ATHER, in Thy mysterious presence kneeling,
Fain would our souls feel all Thy kindling love;
For we are weak, and need some deep revealing
Of trust, and
trcngth, and calmness from above.
1818-90]
VARIO'CS POE.JIS,
359
Lord, we have wandered forth through doubt and sorrow,
And Thou hast made each step an onward one;
And we will ever trust each unknown morrow,-
Thou wilt sustain us till its work is done,
In the heart's depths a peace serene and holy
Abides, and when pain seems to have its will,
Or we despair,-oh, may that peace rise slowly,
Stronger than agony, and we be still!
Now, Father, now, in Thy dear presence kneeling,
Our spirits yearn to feel Thy kindling love;
Now make us strong, we need Thy deep revealing
Of trust, and strength, and calmness from above.
1864. SA311J"EL JOH
SO
. 1822-82.
See, also, Vol. VIII., page 61.
THE HOl;R O}<' PEACEFl"L REST.
T HERE is an hour of peaceful rest
To mourning wanderers given;
There is a joy for souls distrest,
A balm for every wounded breast,
'Tis found alone in heaven.
There is a soft, a downy bed,
Far from these shades of even-
A couch for weary mortals spread,
Where they may rest the aching head,
And find repose, in heaven.
When tossed on life's tempestuous shoals,
Where storms arise, and ocean rolls,
And all is drear but heaven.
There faith lifts up her cheerful eye,
To brighter prospects given;
And views the tempest passing by,
The evening shadows quickly :fly,
And all serene in heaven.
Tl1ere fragrant :flowers immortal bloom,
And joys supreme are given;
There rays divine disperse the gloom:
Beyond the confines of the tomb
Avpears the dawn of heaven.
\YILLlAM BI
GHA3[ TAPPA
. 1794-1849.
Originally contributed to the Franklin Gazette, Philadelphia" 1818.
There is a home for weary souls
By sin and sorrow driven;
SONG OF THE SEEDS.
'TIS so dark, so dark here under the ground!
We reach and we struggle, we know not where;
We long for something we have not found,
We seek and we find not, but cannot despair.
It is warm and sweet 11ere under the earth,
And so peaceful too-why cannot we stay Y
What is this change that is named a birth!
And what is that wonderful thing called Day Y
360
V ARlO US POEJ.YS.
[1818-90
But a power is on us: we may not wait;
'Yithin us we feel it struggle and thrill,
'Vhile upward we reach to find our fate,
And this ceaseless, mysterious want to fulfil.
They say that at last we shall reach the Air-
.Will breathing be freedom, and Light be Life Y
What mystic change shall we meet with there
When the blossom shall crown this mute, strange strife
So, ending answerless, the song is done-
The song so oft upon the earth begun,
Whose closing and triumphant harmonies
Shall ne'er be sounded but beyond the skies.
FLORE
CE S)1l'fH. 184.3-71.
From the JJlemorial Volume, edited by H. W. Bellows. 18ìt.
A PRAYER.
^ LITTLE time for laughter,
.L:\.. A little space for song-
And tears that hurry after,-
Ere we too go along.
So passes our endeavor:
'Ve go, nor come again.
Like ripples on the river,
As light on wind-swept grain,
Then make me, 0 Eternal,
Still, as thy forces are:
We thrive as grasses vernal,
'Ve fade as fades the star.
GEORGE MELVILLE 'e PTON. 18fJ1-.
The Overland Monthly. 1887.
\\T AITIXG.
^ S little childrèn in a darkened hall
..L:l... At Christmas-tide await the opening door,
Eager to tread the fairy-haunted floor
Around the tree with goodly gifts for all,
Oft in the darkness to each other call-
Trying to guess their happiness before-
Or knowing elders eagerly implore
To tell what fortune unto them lllay fall:
So wait we in Time's aim and narrow room,
And, with strange fancies or another's thought,
Try to divine before the curtain rise
The wondrous scene; forgetting that the gloom
Must shortly flee from what the ßges sought-
The Father's long-planned gift of Paradise,
CHARLES rrE
RY CRANDALL. 18.38-.
The New - York Tribune. 1882.
1818-90]
VARIOUS POEMS.
361
OLD AXD YOrXG.
I.
T HEY soon grow old who grope for
gold
In marts where all is bought allll sold;
'YllO live for self, and on some shelf
In darkened vaults hoard up their pelf,
Cankered and crusted o'er with mould.
For them their youth itself is old.
The Studio. 1887.
See, also, Vol. rIL, page 221.
II.
They ne'er grow old who gather gold
Where spring awakes and flowers un-
fold;
Where suns arise in joyous skies,
And fill the
oul within their eyes.
For them the immortal bards Lave sung,
For them old age itself is young.
CHRISTOPHER PEARSE CRàYCH. 1813-.
THE "CSFINISHED PRAYER.
"NOW I lay,"-repeat it, darling.
" Lay me," lisped the tiny lips
Of my daughter, kneeling, bending
O'er her folded finger-tips.
" Down to sleep "-" To sleep," she mur-
mured,
And the curly head bent low;
" I pray the Lord," I gently added;
You can say it all, I know,
" Pray the Lord" - the sound came
faintly,
Fainter still-" )Iy soul to keep";
Then the tired hea.d fairly nodded,
And the child was fast asleep.
But the dewy eyes ha1f opened
When I clasped her to my hreast,
And the dear voice softly whispered,
"l\Ialllma, God knows all the rest."
Oh, the trusting, sweet confiding
Of the child heart! "
ould that I
Thus might trust my Heavenly Father,
He who hears my feeblest cry.
AxoxnlOrs.
TO A DOL"BTER.
I CAXNOT say" Believe" to thee
"Those lips from thought's clear springs lul.YC drunk.
The questions of the age have sunk
Deep in thy quivering soul, I see,
For I should hear thee rightly say,
,,"Thate'er is true, thy well-turncd speech
Doth not the mind's recesses reach
K or light the spirit's hidden way."
Thy soul for certainty is sick,
1Vhile they who wrangle ovel. forms,
"Cntrouhled by faith's fiercer storms,
Feed weB on sweets of rhetoric,
362
VARlors POEM8.
[1818-90
I see thee like a long-caged bird,
Thou heat'st thy bars with broken wing,
And fiutterest, feebly echoing
The far-off music thou hast heard.
Oblivion tempts thee, yet be wise,
'Valk on awhile in storm and shade;
These ghosts that haunt thy feet may fade;
Thought hath its cock-crow anù sunrise.
Perhaps the unseen plan shall prove
More than thy noblest longings crave;
Thy life may sweep beyond the grave
Into a universe of love,
Where doubt may cease, wrong turn to right,
God's diverse ways be reconcilerl,
And thou so long His orphan child
:Meet Him upon the hills of light.
AR'fHUR WENTWORTH HAMILTON EATON. 18.34-.
.Acadian Legends and Lyrics. 1t)89.
THERE IS A LA
D DDIORTAL.
THERE is a land immortal,
The beautiful of lands;
Beside its ancient portal
A sentry grimly stands.
He only can undo it,
And open wide the (loor;
And mmtals who pass through it
Are mortal nevermore.
That glorious land is Heaven,
\nd Death the sentry grim:
The Lord thereof has given
The opening keys to him;
And ransomed spirits, sighing
And sorrowful for sin,
Pass through the gate in dying,
And freely enter in.
Hymns and JIetrical Psalms. 18
3.
Though dark and drear the passage
That leadeth to the gate,
Yet grace attends the message
To souls that watch and wait;
And at the time appointed
A messenger comes down,
And guides the Lord's anointed
From cross to glory's crown.
Theh sighs are lost in singing;
They're blessèd in their tears;
Their journey heavenward winging,
They leave on earth their fears.
Death like an angel seeming,
.. 'Ve welcom(' thee!" they cry:
Their eyes with glory gleaming,
'Tis life for them to die.
THOMAS :MAcKELLAR. 1812-.
ADDITIONAL SELECTIONS
1834-1889.
The matter in these supplementary pages was obtained and edited too late for pre-
sentation, under the chronological arrangement, in the main bocly of this 'V ork.
ADDITIONAL SELEOTIONS.
1834-1889.
WabítJ QL:rocltett.
BOR
in Limestone, Greene Co., Tenn., 1786, Fell in defence of the _-\.lamo, Texas, 1836.
A
ATIYE A:\IERICAN.
[A ...Varrative of the Life of Dat'ill Crockett, of the State of Tennessee. Written by Him-
self. 18:1-!.]
HIS PROLOGUE.
I DON'T know of any thing in my book to be criticised on by honourable
men. Is it on my spelling?-that's not my trade. Is it on my grammar?
-I hadn't time to learn it, and make no pretensions to it. Is it on the order
and arrangement of my book?-I never wrote one before, and never read ,'cry
many; and, of cour::;c, know mighty little about that. "
ill it be on the author-
ship of the book?-this I claim, ana III hang on to it, like a wax plastcr. The
whole book is my own, and every sentiment and sentence in it. I wuull1 not
be such a fool, or knave either, as to deny that I bave had it hastily run over
by a friend or so, and that some little alterations bave been made in the spell-
ing and grammar; and I am not so sure that it is not the worse of evcn that.
for I despise this way of spelling contrary to nature. And as for grammar,
it's pretty much a thing of nuthing at last, after all the fuss that's made about
it. In some places, I wouldn't suffer either the spelling, or grammar, or any
thing else to be touch'd; and therefore it will be found in my own wa)
.
But if any body complains that I have had it looked over, I can only ::;ay to
him, her, or them-as the case may be-that while critics were learning gram-
mar, and learning to spell, I, and" Doctor Jackson, L. L. D." were fighting
in the wars; and if our Looks, and messages, and proclamations, and cabinet
writings, and so forth, and so on, should need a little looking over, and a lit-
tle correcting of the :::pelling and the grammal' tu make them fit for U8e, it's
366
DA VID CROCKETT,
[1834-89
just nobody's business. Big men have more important matters to attend to
than crossing their t's-, and dotting their ïs-, and such like small things.
But the" Government's" name is to the proclamation, and my name's to the
book; and if I didn't write the book, the "Government" didn't write the
proclamation, which no man dares to deny!
LOADED FOR BEAR.
I now was compel'd to move on more slowly; and was frequently falling
oyer logs, and into the cracks made by the earthquakes, so that I was very
much afraid I would break my gun. Howeyer I went on about three miles,
when I came to a good big creek, which I waded. It was very cold, and the
creek was about knee-deep; but I felt no great inconvenience from it just then,
as I was all oyer wet with sweat from running, and I felt hot enough. After I
got oyer this creek and out of the cane, which was very thick on all our creeks,
I listened for my dogs. I found they l]ad either treed or brought the bear to
a stop, a::; they continued barking in the same place. I pushed on as near in
the direction to the noise as I could, till I found the hill was too steep for me
to climb, and so I backed and \vent down the creek some distance till I came
to a hollow, and then took up that, till I come to a place where I could climb
up the hill. It was mighty dark, and \Va::; difficult to see my way or any thing
elsl'. ,rhen I got up the hill, I found I had passed the dogs; and so I turned
and went to them. I found, when I got therc, they had treed the bear in a
large forked poplar, and it was setting in the fork.
I could see the lump, but not plain enough to Hhoot with any certainty, as
therc was no moonlight; and so I set in to hunting for some dry brush to make
mc a light; but I could find none, though I could find that the ground was
turn mightily to picces by the cracks.
...-\.t last I thought I could shoot by guess, and kill him; HO I pointed as near
the lump as I could. and fired away. But the bear didn't come; he only clomb
up higher, and got out on a limb, which heJped me to see him better. I now
loaded up again and fired, but this timc he didn't move at all. I commenccd
loading for a third fire, but the first thing I knowed, the Lear was down among
my dog::;, and they were fighting all around me. I harl my big butcher in my
belt, and I had a. pair of dressed buckskin breeches on. So I took out my
knife, and stood, determined, if he sbouJd get hold of me, to dcfend myself in
the Lest way I could, I stood there for somc time, and could now and thcn
sec a white
ùog I had, Lut the rest of thcm, and tl]e bear, which were dark
coloured, I couldn't see at all, it was so miserable dark. Thcy still fought
around me, and sometimes within thrce feet of me; but, at last, the bear got
down into onc of the cracks, that the earthquakcs had made in the ground,
about four feet deep, and I could tell the biting end of him by the hoUering
of my dogs. So I took my gun and pushed the muzzle of it about, till I
thought I had it against the main part of his body, and fired; but it happened
to be only the fleshy part of his foreleg. 'Vith this, he jumped out of the crack,
and he and the dogs had another hard fight around me, as bcfore. At lnst,
howcver, they forced him back into the crack again, as he was when I had
shot.
1834-89 J
DA VID CROCKETT.
36ï
I had laid down my gun in the dark, and I now began to hunt for it; and,
while hunting, I got hold of a pole, and I concluded I would punch him
awhile with that. I did so, and when I would punch him, the dogs would
jump in on him, when he would bite them badly, and they would jump out
again. I concluded, as he would take punching so patiently, it might be that
he would lie still enough for me to get down in the crack, and feel slowly along
till I could find the right place to give him a dig with my butcher. So I got
down, and my dogs got in before him and kept his head towards them, till I
got along easily up to him; and placing my hand on his rump, felt for his
shoulder, just behind which I intended to stick him. I made a lounge with my
long knife, and fortunately stuck him right through the heart; at which he
ju::;t sank down, and I crawled out ill a hurry. In a little time my dogs all
come out too, and seemed satisfied, which was the way they always haa of
telling me that they had finished him.
I suffered very much that night with cold, as my leather breeches, and every-
thing else I had on, was wet and frozen. But I managed to get my bear out of
this crack after several hard trials, and so I butchered him, and laid down to
try to sleep. But my fire was very bad, and I couldn't find any thing that
would burn well to make it any better; and I concluded J should freeze, if I
didn't warm myself in some way by exercise, So I got up, and hollerea
awhile, amI then I woull1 just jump up al1ddown with all my might, and throw
myself into all sorts of motions, But all this wouldn't do; for my blood was
now getting cold, and the chills coming all over me. I was so tired, too, that I
could hardly walk; but I thought I would do the best I could to save my life,
and then, if I died, noboù
' wouhl be to blame. So I went to a tree about two
feet through, and not a limb on it for thirty feet, and I wou1d climb up it to
the limbs, and then lock my arms together around it, and slide down to the
bottom again. This would make the insides of my legs and arms feel mighty
warm and good, I continued this till daylight in the morning, and how often
I clomb up my tree and slid down I don't know, but I reckon at least a hun-
dred times.
In the morning I got my bear hung up so as to be safe, and then set out to
hunt for my camp. I found it after awhile, and )IcDaniel and my son were
very much rejoiced to see me get back, for they were about to give me up for
lost. ,,- e got our breakfast::;, and then secured our meat by building a high
scaffold, and covering it over. 'Ve had no fmr of its spoiling, for the weather
was so cold that it coulùn't.
'Ve now starterl after my other hear, which ha<l eau8ed me so much trouble
and suffering; amI before we got him, we got a start after another, and took
him also, 'Ve went on to the creek I had crosseù the night before and camped,
and then went to where mv bear was, that I had killed in the crack. ',hen
we examined the plaee, )[cDaniel said he wouldn't have gone into it, as I did,
for all the bears in the woodð.
We took the meat down to our camp and salted it. and also the last onc
we !lucl killed; intending, in the morning, to makc a hunt in the harricane
agam.
We prepared for resting that night, anù I can assure the reader I Was in
368
DA VID CROCKETT.
[1834-89
need of it. "e had laid down by our fire, and about ten o'clock there came a
most terrible earthquake, which shook the earth so, that we were rocked about
like we had been in a cradle. 'Ve were very much alarmed; for though we were
accustomed to feel earthquak
s, we were now right in the region which had
been torn to pieces by them in 1812, and we thought it might take a notion
and swallow us up, like the big fish did Jonah.
In the morning we packed up and moved to the harricane, where we made
another camp, and turned out that evening and killed a very large bear, which
made eight we had now killed in this hunt.
The next morning we enterell the harricane again, and in Jittle or no time
my dogs were in full cry. "
e pursued them, and soon came to a thick cane-
brake, in which they had stop.d their bear. We got up close to him, as the
cane was so thick that we couldn't see more than a few feet. Here I made my
friend hold the cane a little open with his gnn till I shot the bear, which was
a mighty large one. J killed him dead in his tracks. "
e got him out and
butchered him, and in a little time started another and killed him, which now
made ten we had killed; and we know'ù we couldn't puck any more home, as
we had only fiye horses along; therefore we returned to the camp and salted
up all our meat, to be ready for a start homeward next morning.
The morning came, and we packed our horses with the meat, and had as
much as they could possibly carry, and sure enough cut out for home. It was
about thirty miles, and we reached home the second day. I had now accom-
moda ted my neigh hour with mea t enou
h to do him, and had killed in all, up
to that time, fifty-eight bears, during the fall and winter.
As soon as the time come for them to quit their houses and come out again
in the spring, I took a notion to hunt a little more, and in about one month
I killed forty-seven more, which made one hundred and five bears I had
killed in les:::; than one year from that time.
ON THE TRAIL FOR COXGRESS.
I found the sign was good, almost everywhere I went. On one occasion,
while we were in the eastern counties of the district, it happened that we all
had to make a speech, and it fell on me to make the first one. I did so after
my manner, and it turned pretty much on the old saying, ., A short horse is
soon curried,.' as I spoke not very long. Colonel Alexander followed me,
and then General Arnold come on.
The general took much pains to reply to Alexander, but didn.t so much
as let on that there was any such candidate as myself at all. He had been
speaking for a considerable time, when a large flock of guinea-fowls came
very near to where he was, and set up the most unmerciful chattering that
ever was heard, for they arc a noisy little brute any way. They so confuse(l
the general, that he made a stop, and requested that they might be (lriyell
away. I let him finish his speech, and then walking up to him, said aloud,
" Well, general, you are the first man I ever saw that understood the language
of fowls." I told him that he had not had the politeness to name me in his
speech, and that when my little friends, the guinea-fowls, had come up and
began to holler" Crockett, Crockett, Crockett," be had been ungenerous
183-1-89 ]
DA VID CROCKETT.
369
enough to stop. and drive them all away. This raised a universal shout among
the people for me, and the general seemed mighty bad plagued. But he got
more plagued than this at the polls in August, as I have stated before.
This election was in 1827, and I can say, on my conscience, that I was,
without disguise, the friend and supporter of General Jackson, upon his
principles as he laid them down, and as "I understood tltem," before his
election as president. During my two first sessions in Congress, )11'. Adams
was president, and I worked along with what was called the Jackson party
prC'ttywell. I was re-elected to Congress, in 1829. by an overwhelming major-
ity; and soon nfter the commencement of this second term, I saw, or thought
I did, that it was expected of me that I was to bow to the name of Andrew
Jackson, and follow him in aU his motions, and mindings, and turnings,
even at the expense of my conscience and judgment. Such a thing was new
to me, and a total stranger to my principles. I know'd well enough, though,
that if I didn't" hurra " for his name, the hue and cry was to be raised
against me, and I was to be sacrificed, if possible. His famous, or rather I
should say his in-famous, Indian bill was brought forward, and I opposed it
from the purest motives in the world. Several of my colleagues got around
me, and told me how well they loved me, and that I was ruining myself.
They said this was a fm'orite measure of the president, and I ought to go for
jt. I told them I believed it was a wicked, unjust measure, and that I should
go against it, let the cost to myself be what it might; that I was willing to go
with General Jackson in every thing that I believed was honest and right;
but, further than this, I wouldn't go for him, or any other man in the whole
creation; that I would sooner be honestly and political1y d-nd, than hypo-
critically immortalized. I haù been elected by a lllajority of three thousand
five hundred and eighty-five votes, and I believed they were honest men, and
wouldn't want me to vote for any unjust motion, to please Jackson or anyone
else; at any rate, I was of age, and was determined to trust them. I voted
against this Indian bill, and my conscience yet tells me that I gave a good
honest vote, and one that I believe will not make me ashamed in the dav of
judgment. I scrved out my term, and though many amusing things hap-
pened, I am not disposed to swell my narrative by inserting them.
'Yhen it closed, and I returned home, I found the storm had raised against
me sure enough; and it was echoed from side to side, and from end to end of
my district, that I had turned against Jackson. This was considered the un-
}1ardonable sin. I was hunted down like a wild varment, and in this hunt
every little newðpaper in the diðtrict, and every little pin-hook lawyer was.
engaged. Indeed, they were ready to prÏ11t any and every thing that the in-
genuityof lllan could iuveut against me. Each editor was furnished with the
journals of Congre
s from llCad-quarters; und hunted out everv vote I had
mi!;sed in four ses:;Ïolls. whether from /:iickne
s or not, no matt
r; and each
one was charged against mc at eigltt dollar
, In all I had mis
ed about seventy
votes, which they made amount to five hunùred and sixty dollars; and they
contended I had swindled the government out of this sum, as I had received
my pay, as othermember
do. I was now again a candidate in ]830, while all
the attempts were making agaiust mc; aud everyone of these little papers
YOLo XI.-24
370
DA rID CROCKETT.
[1834-89
kept up a constant war on me, fighting with every scurrilous report they
could catch.
Over aU 1 should have been elected, if it hadn't been, that but a few weeks
before the election, the EttIe four-pence-ha 'penny limbs of the law fell on a
})lan to defeat me, which had the desired effect. They agreed to spread out
o,er the district, and make appointments for me to speak, almost everyw here,
to clear up the Jackson fluestion. They would give me no notice of these ap-
pointments, and the people would meet in great crowds to hear what excuse
Crockett had to make for quitting Jackson.
But instead of Crockett's being there, this small-fry of lawyers would be
there, with their saddle-bags full of the little newspapers and their journals
of Congress; and would get up and speak, aDd read their scurrilous attacks
on me, and would then teU the peol)le that I was afraid to attend; and in
this way woulù turn many against me, All this intrigue was kept a pl.O-
found secret from me, till it was too late to counteract it; and when the
election came, I had a majority in seventeen counties, putting all their votes
together, but the eighteenth beat me; and so I was left out of Congress dur-
ing those two years. The people of my district were induced, by these tricks,
to take a stay on me for that time; but they have since found out that they
were imposed on, and on re-considering my case, have reversed that decision;
which, as the Dutchman said, "is as fair a ding as eber was. "
NO
fA.N'S FIDO.
But one good thing was, and I must record it, the papers in the district
were now beginning to say "fair playa little," and they would publish on
both sides of the question. The contest was a warm one, and the battle well-
fought; but I gained tbe day, and the Jackson horse was left a little behind.
"
hen the polls were compared, it turned out I had beat Fitz just two hun-
dred and two votes, having made a mash of all their intrigues. After all
tbis, the reader will perceive that I am now here in Congress, this 28th day
of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-
four; and that, what is more agreeable to my feelings as a freeman, I am at
liberty to vote as my conscience and judgment dictates to be right, without
the yoke of any party on me, or the driver at my heels, with his whip in hand,
commanding me to ge-wo-haw, just at his pleasure. Look at my arms, yon
will find no party hand-cuff on them! Look at my neck, you will not find
there any collar, with the engraving
IY DOG.
AXDREW JACKSON.
But you will find me standing up to my rack, as the people's faithful repre-
sentative, and the public's most obedient, very humble servant,
DAVID CROCKETT.
1834-89]
RICHARD ADAMS LOCKE.
371
1!ìícl)att1 gt1an\
lLocftc.
BORX in
ew York,
. Y., 1800. DIED on Staten Island, N. Y., 18;1.
FRO
I "THE )lOOX HOAX,"
[Great .Astronomical Discol'pries Lately.JIadl3 by Sir Jolm Herschel, LL.D., F.R.S.,
etc., at tlte Cape of Good Bope.-First Published in the" New York Sun" in August
and September, 1833, from the" Supplement to the Ediltburgh Journal of Science."
-Reprint of 1t-'59.]
THE YALE OF THE TRIADS.
" T HE dark expanse of waters to the south of the first great ocean has
often been con
idered a fourth; but we found it to be merely a sea of
the first class, entirely surrounded by land, and much more encumbered with
promontories and islands than it has been exhibited in any lunar chart. One
of its promontories rU11:; from the yicinity of Pitatus (K o. 19), in a slightly
curved and ,ery narrow line, to Bullialùus (K o. 22), which is merel)" a circu-
lar head to it, 26-lmiles from its starting place. This is another mountainous
ring, a marine volcano, nearly burnt out, and slumbering upon its cinders.
But Pitatus, standing upon a bold cape of the southern shore, is apparently
exulting in the might and majesty of its fires, The atmosphere being now
quite free from vapor, we introduced the magnifiers to examine a large bright
circle of hills which sweep close Leðide the western abutments of this flaming
mountain. The hills were either of snow-white marhle or semi-transparent
cry
tal, we could not di::;tinguiðh which, and they bounded another of tho:;:e
lovely green valleJs, which, howe,er monotonous in my descriptions, are of
11aradisaical beauty and fertility, and like primitive Eden in the bliss of their
inhabitants. Dr. Herschel here again predicated another of his sagacious
theories. He said the proximity of the flaming mountain, Bullialdus, must
be so great a local convenience to dwellers in this vaHey during the long pe-
riodical ahsence of solar light as to rcnder it a place of populouð reðort for
the inhabitants of all the adjacent regions, more cspecially a::; its bulwark of
hills afforded an infallible security against any volcanic eruption that could
occur, \f e therefore applied our full power to explore it, and rich indeed
was our reward.
,. The very first object in this valley that appeared upon our canvas was a
magnificent work of art, It wa
a temple-a fane of devotion, or of science-
which, when consecrated to the Cre
Üor, is devotion of the loftiest order; for
it exhibits his attrihute:-: purely free from the m3i
qucrac1e, attire, and hla
-
phemons caricature of controversial creeds, and has the seal and signature of
his own hand to sanction its aspirations. It was an equitriangular temple,
built of polished sapphire, or of some resplendent blue stone, which, like it,
displayed a myriad points of golden light twinkling and scintillating in the
sunbeams. Our canvas, though fifty feet in diameter, was too limitcd to
receive more than a sixth part of it at one view, and the first part that ap-
peared was near the centre of one of its sides, being thrce square cululllll:',
372
RICHARD ADAJIS LOCKE.
[1834-89
six feet in diameter at its base, and gently tapering to a height of seventy
feet. The intercolumniations were each twelve feet. 1Ye instantly reduced
our magnitude, so as to embrace the whole structure in one view, and then
indeed it was most beautiful. The roof was composed of some yellow metul,
and divided into three compartments, which were not triangular planeð in-
clining to the centre, but su bdividcc1, curbed, and separated, so as to present
a mass of violently agitated flanws rising from a common source of conflagra-
tion and terminating in wildly waving points, This design was too mani-
fest, and too skilfully executed to be mistaken for a single moment. Through
a few openings in these metalJic flames we perceived a large sphere of a darker
kind of metal nearly of a clouded copper color, which they enclosed and
seemingly raged around, as if hieroglyphically consuming it. This was the
1'oof; but upon each of the three corners there was a f;mall sphere of appar-
ently the same metal as the large centre one, and these rested upon a kind
of cornice, quite new in any order of arcJÙtecture with which we are ac-
quainteò, but neverthele:-", exceedingly graceful and impressive. It was like
a half-opened scroll, swelling off holdly from the roof, and hanging far over
the waIJs in several convolutions. It was of the same metal as the flames,
and on each side of the huilding it was open at both ends, The columnl:'. six
on each side, were simply plain sl]afts, without capitals or pedestals, or any
description of ornament; nor wa
any perceivC'd in other parts of the edifice.
It was open on each side, and seemed to contain neither seats, altars. nor
offerings; but it was a light and airy stA.'ucture, uearlya hundred feet high
from its white glistening floor to its glowing roof, and it stood upon a round
green eminenc,e on the eastern side of the valley. "\f e afterwards, howe\er,
discovered two others, which were in every respect fac-similf's of this one;
but in neither did we perceive any visitants besides flocks of wild doves which
alighted upon its lustrous pinnacles. Had the devotees of these temples
gone the way of all living, or were the latter merely historical monuments?
1Yhat did the ingenious builders mean by tbe globe surrounded by flames?
Did they by this record any past calamity of their world, or predict any fu-
ture one of ours? I by no means despair of ultimately solving not only these
but a thousand other questions which present themselves respecting the ob-
jects in this planet; for not the millionth part of her surface has yet been
explored, and we have been more desirous of collecting the greatest pos::5ible
number of new facts than of indulging in speculative theories, however se-
ductive to the imagination,
" But we had not far to seek for inhahitants of this' Yale of the Triads.'
Immediatelv on the outer border of the wood which surrounded, at the dis-
tance of half a mile, the eminence on which the first of these temples stood,
we saw several detached a
emblies of beings whom we instantly recognized
to be of the same species as onr winged friends of the Ruby Colosseum near
the lake Langrenus. Having a(ljusted the instrument for a minute exami-
nation, we found that nearly all the individuals in these groups were of a
larger stature than the former specimens, less dark in color, and in every re-
spect an improved variety of the race. They were chiefly engaged in eating
a large yellow fruit like a gourd, sections of which they divided with their
1834-89]
RICHARD ADAJfS LOCKE.
373
fingers, and ate with rather uncouth voracity, throwing away the rind. A
Fmaller red fruit, shaped like a cucumber, which we had often seen pendent
from trees having a broad dark leaf, was also lying in heaps in the centre of
everal of the festi ve groups; but the only use they appeared to make of it
was sucking its juice, after rolling it between the palms of their hands and
nibbling off an end. They seemed eminently happy, and even polite, for we
saw, in many instances, individuals
itting nearest these piles of fruit, select
the largest and brightest specimens, and throw them arch wise across the cir-
cle to some opposite friend or associate who had extracted the nutriment
from those scattered around him, and which were freqlwntly not a few.
'Vhile thus engaged in their rural banquets, or in social converse, they were
always seated with their knees fiat upon the turf, alld their feet brought
evenly together in the form of a triangle. And for some mysterious reason
or other tbis figure seemed to be fin especial favorite among them; for we
found that every group or social circle arranged itself ill this shape before
it dispersed, which was generally done at the signal of an individual who
stepped into the centre and brought his hands 0' er his head in an acute angle,
At this signal each member of the company extenùed his arms forward so as
to form an acute horizontal angle with the extremity of the fingers. But
this was not the only proof we had that they were creatures of order and sub-
ordination. . . , "
e had no opportunity of ::;eeing them actually engaged
in any work of industry 01' art; and 1:10 far as we could judge, they spent their
happy hours in collecting various fruits in the woods. in eating, fiying, Lath-
iIl
, anclloiteringabont upon the summits of precipices. . . . But although
evidently the highest. order of animal:-: in this rich ntlley, they were not its
only occupants.
Iost of the other animal:-; which we had discovered else-
where, in very distant regions, were collected here, and also at least eight or
nine new species of quadrupeds. The most attractive of these wa
a tall
,,-hite stag with lofty ðpreading antlers, hlack as ebony. 'Ye several times
saw this elegant creature trot up to the seated l'artie8 of the semi-human be-
ings I have described, and browse the herbage cIoðe beside them, without the
leaðt manifestation of fear on its })urt or notice on theirs. The ulliver:;al
state> of amity among all classes of lunar creatures, amI the Hpparent absence
of every carnivorous or ferociouð species, gm-e us the most refined pleasure,
and doubly endcured to us this lovely nocturnal companion of our larger but
le
s f
l\'ored worl<l. Ever again when I ' eye the hlue vault and Lle:5s the 1lse-
fill light,' shall I recall the SCCllCS of lJeauty, grandeur, atHI felicity I have
beheW upon her surface, lIOt 'að tltrouglt a glass darkly, but face to face' ;
and never ::;hall I think of that line of our thrice noble poet,
, Meek Diana's cl"e
t
Sails through the azure air, an island of the blest,'
without exulting in my knowledge of its truth. "
"ïth the careful inspection of this instruetiye valley, and a scientific classi-
fication of its animal, vegetable: and mineral productions, the astronomers
closed their labors for the night; laborð mther mental than phy-,ical, anrl
oppressive from the extreme excitement which they naturally induced. ....1
374
THEODORE DWIGHT WOOLSEY.
[1834-89
singular circumstance occurred the next day, which threw the telescope
quite out of use for nearly a week, by which time the moon could be no longer
observed that month. The great lens, which was usually lowered during the
day, and placed horizontally, had, it is true, been lowered as usual, but had
been inconsiderately left in a perpendicular position. Accordingly, shortly
after sunrise the next morning, Dr. Herschel and his assistants, Dr. Grant
and )lessrs. Drummond and Home. who slept in a bungalow erected a short
distance from the observatory circle, were awakened by the loud shouts of
some Dutch farmers and domesticated Hottentots (who were passing with
their oxen to agricultural labor), that the" big house " was on fire! Dr.
Herschel leaped out of bed from his brief slumbers, und, sure enough, saw
his observatory enve]oped in a cloud of smoke.
Luckily it had been thickly covered, within and without, with a coat of
Roman plaster, or it would inevitably have been destroyed with all its inval-
uable contents; but, as it was, a hole fifteen feet in circumference had been
burnt completely through the" reflecting chamber," which was attached
to the. side of the observatory nearest the lens, through the canvas field on
which had been exhibited so many wonders that will eyer lhe in the history
of mankind, and through the out
r wall. So fierce was the concentration o"f
the solar rays through the gigantic lens that a clump of trees standing in a
line with them was set on fire, and the plaster of the observatory walls, all
round the orifice, was vitrified to blue glass. The lens being almost immedi-
ately turned, and a brook of water being within a few hundred yards, the fire
was soon extinguished, but the damage already done wns not inconsiderable.
The microscope lenses had fortunately been removed for the purpose of be-
ing cleaned, but several of the metallic reflectors were so fused as to be ren-
dered useless. :Masons and carpcllters were }Jrocured from Cape Town with
all possible despatch, and in about a week the whole apparatus was agaiu}u"e-
pared for operation.
IJconorc jD\\1ígJJt
lool
e1?
See, also, Volume VI., page.::,t;, of this Work.
PL_\TO.
[Eros, and Other Poem.s. Printed for Private Circulation. 1880.]
Plato, who alone of all the Greeks toucheò the porch of tl"Otl1.
E(;"SEB., Præp. EvuJlyel., XIII., 14.
I STOOD, mcthonght, fast hy heaven's outer gate,
- 'Vhen Plato, blimlfo1f1, humhly to the door
Came with 'weak steps, if he might venture o'er
The threshold doubting, or without must wait.
1834-89]
THEODORE DWIGHT WOOLSEY.
375
When he, who in the )1aster's bosom lay,
And saw the mysteries nearest to the throne,
Drew nigh, and led the mild enthusiast on
L"p to the Eternal 'Vonl, Heaven's fount of day.
" There," said the Apostle to the kindred mind,
" Dwells truth, whose shadows thou wast fain to trace;
There beauty, which thy dreams wandered to find;
There love, which swells beyond the sours embrace:'
Then loosed the bandage, and the sage, no more
A sage but saint, beheld and knelt to adore.
THE ECLIPSE OF F AITR.
THE shapes that frowned before the
eyes
Of the early world have fled,
And all the life of earth and skies,
Of streams and seas, is dead.
Forgotten is the Titan's fame,
The dread Chimæra now
Is but a mild innocuous tlame
rpon a mountain's brow,
Around whose warmth its strawherry
red
The arbutus hangs and goatherds tread.
.And now has Typho spent his rage,
The Sirens now no more
Entice the song-struck mariner
To give his voyage o'er.
The sailor past )1essina hies,
And scorns the den where Scylla lies.
Leda's twin sons no more are seen
In battle's hottest press,
Nor shine the wind-tost waves between
To seamen in distress.
The muse is but the poet's sou],
That ]ooked towards Helicon,
And for its living thought divine
Raised up a mountain throne.
But ah! is nought save fable slain
In this new realm of thoug-ht ?
Or has the shaft Primeva] Truth
.And Truth's great .Author sought
Yes, wisdom now is built on sense;
'Ve measure and we weigh,
'Ve break and join, make rare and dense,
And reason God away.
The wise have probed this wondrous
worM,
And searched the stars, and find
All curious facts and ]a \vs revea]ed,
But no Almighty mind.
From thinking dust we mould the
spheres,
And shape earth's wondrous frame:
If God had slept a miHion years,
All things would be the same,
o give me back a world of life,
f:;omething to Jove and trust,
Something to quench my inward strife,
.And lift me from the rlust.
I cannot Jive with nat ure dead,
:i\Iid laws and causes hlind;
Power1ess on earth, or overhead,
To trace the aU-guiding mÍIHl;
Then hoast that I have found the keys
That time and space unlock,
That snatch from heaven its mysteries,
Its fear from the earthquake shock.
Better the instinct of the brute
That feels its God afar,
Than reason, to his praises mute,
Ta]king with every star.
Better the thousand deitiC's
That swarmed in Greece of yore,
Than thought that scoms all mysteries
\.ll<l dares all depths to exp]O!"c.
376
THEODORE PARKER.
[1834-89
Better is childhood's thoughtless trust
Than manhood's daring scorn;
The fear that creeps along the dust
Than doubt in hearts forlorn.
I'll lose the pearl without a tear,
And grope my star-lit way.
And knowledge, if it cost so dear,
If such be reason's day,
And he the toils of wisdom curst
If such the meeù we earn;
If freezing pride and doubt are nurst,
And faith forbid to burn.
'ttl)colJorc
arlicr.
See, also, Volume YI., page 514, of this 'York.
TWO SONXETS.
{From his Xote-Book in the possession of .J.111". Frank B. Sanborn.]
I.
T o me thou cam'st, the earliest lamp of light,
'Vhen youthful day must sadly disappear;
A star prophetic in a world of night,
Revealing what a heaven of lo\'e was near;
And full of rapture at thy jOJTous sight,
I journeyed fearless on the starlight way;
A thou
and other lights came forth on hight,
But queenliest of all still shone tit!! ray:
o blessed lamp of Beauty aIIll of Lcwe,
How long I've felt thy shining far away!
Now, when the morn has chased the shadows gray,
Still guided hy thy memory forth I rove.
I'll journey on, till dark still lighter prove,
.And Star and Pilgrim meet where all is Day.
II.
Thee, loved one, do the rocks ancl "oo(l1an<1s sing,
And thee the Pine-tree waves with in the snow;
I see thy face in earliest flowers of spring,
And feel thy kindness in the sum Iller's glow;
And, wander where I will, I inly know
That thou art with me still; and thy great heart
Stands, a green pine-tree in the waste of snow,
.Whereto I flee, and hold myself apart
From all the wintry bitterness of Time;
And in thy presence I again am warm,
Nor fear the tempest in Life's stormy clime,
But unafraid confront the wildest storm:
For thee the winter and the tempests sing,
And through the snow I feel the violets spring.
Composed in the lrÚ!f1'l' of l
:j;J--t.
1
64-
9J
JOHN LOTHROP JIOTLEY.
377
101)11 JLot1Jtop ;trt ot 1 C'l! +
See, also, Volume VII., page 253, of this 'Work.
GLDIPSES OF XOTED PEOPLE.
[The Corre."'pondence of John Lothrop
1Iotle.1l, D.C.L. Edited by George -William
Curtis. 1889.J
BISMARCK.
\"""{THE
I called, Bismarck was at dinner: so I left my card and said I
\ V would come back in half an hour. As soon as my card had been car-
ried to him (as I learned afterwards) he sent a servant after me to the hotel,
but I had gone another way. "
hen I came back I was received with open
arms. I can't express to you how cordially he received mc. If I had been his
brother, instead of an old friend, he could not have shown more warmth and
affectionate ddight in seeing me. I find I like him even better than I thought
I did, and you know how high an opinion I always expre
sed of his talents
and disposition. He is a man of ,ery noblc character, and of very great pow-
ers of mind. The prominent place which he now occupics as a statesman
sought ltirn. He did not seek it, or any othcr officc. The stand which he
took in the Asscmbly from conviction, on the occasion of the outbreak of
1848. marked him at once to al] parties as one of the leading characters of
Prussia. Of course I don't now go into the rights and wrm
gs of the matter,
hut I listened with great interest, as you ma
. supposc, to his detailed his-
tory of the revulutionary cvents of that year, and bis share in them, which he
narrated to me in a long conyersation which we had la::-:t night. He wanted
me to stay entirely in his hon
e, but as he has his wife's father and mother
with him, and as I saw that it was nece
sary to put up a bed in a room where
there was nOlle, I decidedly begged off. I breakfasted there this morning,
and am to dine there, with a part,\". to-day, To-morrow, I suppose, I
han
dine there en famille. I am only afraid that the lanùlord here win turn me
into the ðtreèts for being such
poor COJl.'ilommateu'l' for him, and all I can'
do is to order vast quantities of seltzer" ateI'.
The principal change in Bismarck is that he ha::; grown stouter, but. heing
over six feet, this is an improvement. His ,'oice and manner are sill
ularly
unchanged. His wife I like ,'ery much indeed-ycry friendly, intelligcnt,
Rnd perfectly unaffecteù, and treats me like
In old friend. III short, I can't
better describe thc couple than by 1:5ayiug that they are as uuiike .M. aud
Mme. de - as it is po
sible to be.
In the summer of 1
.)], he told me that the Minister. )Ianteuffcl. asked
him one day abruptly if he would accept the po
t of Amhas::;ador at Frank-
fort, to which (although the proposition was as unexpected a one to him as if
I should hear by the 111'xt mail that I had been chu::;cn Governor of )ra
:5achu-
setts) he answered, after a momcnt's deliheration, ves, without another
word. The King, the same da
-, sent for him, and ask
d him if he would ac-
cept the place, to which he madc the same brief answer, ,. .Ja," lIi
)Iajcsty
378
JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY.
[1834-89
expressed a little surprise that he made no inquiries or conditions, when Bis-
marck replied that anything which the King felt strong enough to propose
to him, he felt strong enough to accept. I only write these details that you
may have an idea of the man. Strict integrity and courage of character, a
high sense of honOi', a firm religious belief, united with remarkable talents,
make up necessarily a combination which cannot be found any day in any
Court; and I have no doubt that he is destined to be Prime
linister, unless
his obstinate truthfulness, which is apt to be a stumbling-block for politi-
cians, stands ill his way.
'Yell, he accepted the post and wrote to his wife next day, who was pre-
paring for a summer's residence in a small house they had taken on the sea-
coast, that he could not come becauRe he was already established in Frank-
fort as
linister. The result, be said, was three days
f tears on her part. lIe
haù previously been leading the life of a plain country squire with a moder-
ate income, had never held any position in the Government or in diplomacy,
and had hardly ever been to Court. He went into the office with a holy hor-
ror of the mysterious nothings of diplomacy, but soon found how little there
was in the whole" galimatias." Of course my politics are very different from
his, although not so antipodal as you might suppose, but I can talk with
him as frankly as I could with you, and I am glad of an opportunity of bear-
ing the other side put by a man whose talents and character I esteem, and
who so well knows le desso'lts des cartes.
THACKBRAY.
I believe you have never seen Thackeray. He has the appearance of a.
colossal infant, smooth, white, shiny ringlety hair, flaxen, alas, with advanc-
ing years, a roundish face. with a little dab of a nose upon which it is a per-
petual wonder how he keeps his spectacles, a sweet but rather piping voice,
with something of the childish treble about it, Hnd a very tall, slightJy stoop-
ing figure-such are the characteristics of the great" snob" of England.
His manner is like that of eycrybody else ill England-nothing original, all
planed down into perfect uniformity with that of his fellow-creatures. There
was not much more di::;tinctioll in his talk than in his white choker or black
coat and waistcoat. As you like detail, however, I shall endeavor to Boswell-
ize him a little, but it is vcry hard work. Romething was said of CarlyJe the
author. Thackeray said: ,. Carlyle hates everybody that has arrived; if they
are on the roaù, he may perhaps treat them civilly." )lackintosh praised
the description in. the" French Re,olution " of the flight of the King and
Queen (wbich is certainly one of the most living pictures eyer painted with
ink), and Tbackeray agreed with him, and spoke of the pa
sages very heartiJy,
Of tbe Cosmopolitan Club, Thackeray said: "Eyery1Jody is or is suppo::;ed
to be a celebrity; nobody ever says anything worth hearing, and everyone
goes there with his white choker at midnight, to appear as if he had just been
dining with the aristocracy. I haye no doubt," he addeù, "that half of us
put on the white cravat after a solitary dinner at home or at our club, and so
go down among the CosmopoJitans."
I have strung these things together,not with the idea that the où:;ervations.
1834-89]
JOHN LOIHROP MOTLEY.
379
are worth sending (except for peculiar reasons, the last one), but because in
your solitude I think that both you and Lily may be as ea:,ily amuscd as the
friends of :Mr. Peter .l\Iagnus were. This is what mainly occupies me when I
go out; the thought that perhaps I may suck out something from the some-
what flat and gravelly soil of London society which may flower into a letter
for your gratification is about the only one which gives me much satisfaction.
Therefore I beg you to find the bouquets very fragrant and very brilliant,
although they are in truth about að rare u::; dandelions.
In the evening I dined at Thackeray's. There were fifteen or sixteen peo-
ple. I do not knów any of tlH'ir names. I sat between Thackcr:lY'::) two
daughters. Theyarc both intelligentand agreeable, The youngest told me she
liked" Esmonù "better than any of her father's books, Thackeray, by the
way, evidently considers that kind of thing his forte. He told me that he
hated the" Book of Snobs," and could not read a word of it. The "Virgin-
ians," he said, \Vas devilish stupid, but at the same time most admirable; but
that he intended to write a novel of the time of Henry V., which would be his
capo d'oflm'a, in which the ancestors of all his present characters, 1\ T arring-
tons, Pendennises, and the rest, should be introduced. It would be a most
magnificent performance, he said, and nobody would read it, After the
ladies had left the house, we went downstairs and smoked cigars till into
the small hours.
}IACArLA Y.
On )Ionday I dined with the Mackintoshes. Macaulay, Dean )Iilman, and
Ir, and :Mrs. Farrar composed the party. Of course you would like a photo-
graph of )lacaulay, as faithfully as I can give it, He impressed me on the
whole agreeably. To me, personally, he s(Joke courteously, respectfully;
showed by allusion to the su bject in various ways that he was quite aware of
my book and its subject, although I douut whether he had read it. He may
have done so, but he manifestcd no special interest in me. I believe that he
is troubled about his health (having a kind of bronchial or asthmatic cough),
and that he rarely dines out nowadays, so that it is perhaps a good deal of a
compliment that he came on this occasion on purpose to meet me. His gen-
eral appearancc is singularly commonplace. I cannot ùescribe him better
than by l:5aying he has exactly that kind of face and figure which uy no possi-
bility would bc selectcd, out of evcn a vcry small number of persons, as those
of a remarkable personage. He is of the middle height, neithcr above nor
below it. The outline of his face in profile is rather good. The nose, very
slightly. aquiline, is well cut, and the expression of the mouth and chin
agreeable. His hair is thin and sih-ery, and hc looks a good deal older than
many men of his years; for. if I am not mistaken, he i::; just as old as his cen-
tury, like Crom wcll, Balzac, Charles V" and other notorious indivicluals.
Now thosc two impostors, so far as appearances go. Pre
cott and )Iignet, who
are sixty-wwo, louk young cnough, in comparison, to be ::\Iacaula
"s 8ons.
The face, to rcsume my description, ðeen in front, is blank, and a::; it were
badly lighted. Therc is nothing luminous in the eye, nothing impressiye in
the brow, Tbcforchcad is spaciou
, but it is scooped elltirely away in thcre-
380
JOH}v LOTHROP MOTLEY.
[1834-89
gion where benevolence ought to be, while beyond rise reverence, ßrmness,
and self-esteem, like Alps on Alps. The under eyelids are so swollen as al-
most to close the eyes, and it would be fluite impossible to tell the color of
those orbs, and equally so, from the neutral tint of his hair and face, to say
of what complexion he had originally been. His voice is agreeable, and its
intonations delightful, although that is so common a gift with Englishmen
as to be almost a national characteristic.
As usual, he took up the ribands of the conversation. and kept them in his
own hand, driving wherevpr it suited him. I believe he is thought by many
people a bore, and you remember that Sydney Smith spoke of him as "our
Tom, the greatest engine of social oppression in England." I should think he
might be to those who wanted to talk also. I can imagine no better fun than to
ha '-e Carlyle and himself meet accidentally at the same dinner-table with a
small company. It would be like two locomotives. each with a long train,
coming against each other at express speed. Both, I have no doubt, could be
smashed into silence at the first collision. :Macaulay, however, is not so dog-
matic or so outrageouslyabsurù as Carlyle often is, neither is he half so gro-
tesque or amusing, His whole manner has the smoothness and polished sur-
face of the man of the worM, the politician, and the new peer, spread over
the man of letters within. I do not know that I can repeat any of his con-
yer::,ation, for there was nothing to excite very particular attention in its even
flow, There was not a touch of Holmes's e,-er-bubbling wit, imagination,
enthusiasm, and arabesqueness. It is the .cerfection of the commonplace. with-
out sparkle or flash, but at the same time always iuteresting and agreeable. I
could listen to him with pleasure for an hour or two every day, and I have no
doubt I should thence grow wiser every day, for his brain is full, as hardly
any man's ever was, and his way of delivering himself is easy and fluent.
BROl7GHAM,
I was introduced to Lord Brougham before dinner. He shook hands cor-
dially, and expre
sed himself as glad to make my acquaintance, but he did
not ::,eem to "pant" so much as might have been expected. 'Ve soon went
to dinner, aud his place was at the opposite end of the table from mine, so
that our acquaintance for the present is limited. I have no doubt I shan see
more of him, but to tell you the truth I fear he is a mere wreck. Lpt me give
Jon a photograph, while his grotesque image still lingers in the camera-ob-
:::cura of my brain. He is exactly like the pictures in "Pullch," only "Punch "
flattl'rs him. The common pictures of Pahnerston and Lord .John arc not
likc at all to my mind, but Brougham is always hit exactly. Hi
face, like
his tongue and his mind, is shrewd, sharp, humorous. His hair is thick and
snow-white and shiny; his head is large and knobùyand bumpy, with all
kin(1s of phrenological developments, which I did not have a chance fairly
to study, 'rhc rugged outlines or headland
of his facc are wild and bleak,
but not forbidding. Deep furrows of age and thought and toil,
erhaps of
sorrow, run all over it, while his vast mouth, with a ripple of humor eyer
playing around it, expands like a placid bay undcr the huge promontory of
his fantastic and incrediùle nose. His eye is dim and could never have been
1&'34-89J
ROBERT TR.AILL SPENCE LOWELL.
381
brilliant, but his voice is rather shrill, with an unmistakable Northern into-
nation; bis manner of speech is fluent, not garrulous, but obviously touched
by time; his figure is tall, slender, shambling, awkward, but of cour8e per-
fectly self-possesðed. Such is what remains at eighty of the famous Helll'v
Brougham.
There certainly never was a great statesman and author who so irresisti-
bly snggested the man who does the comic business at a small theatre as
Brougham. You are compelled to laugh when yon see him, as much as at
Keeleyor'Varren. Yet there is absolutely nothing comic in his mind, On
the contrary, he is always earnest, vigorous, impressive; but there is no reðist-
ing his nose. It is not merely the configuration of that wonderful feature
which surprises you, but its mobility. It has the litheness and almost the
length of the elephant's proboscis, and I have no doubt he can pick up pins
or scratch his back with it aB easily as he could take a pinch of snuff. He is
always twisting it about in quite a fabulous manner,
1tìobert '<traíll
pence lomel!.
See, also, Volume VII., page 311, of this 'Work,
THE SEARCH FOR FATHER DE BRIE.
[The New Priest in Conception Bay. lS58.-Revised Edition of 1889.]
I T was speedily arranged that they should push over to the other side of the
Barrens; and while one went straight on to :New Harbor, the rest should
take every opening through the woods, and every path into the Barrens, and
follow it out. Skipper Edwttrd Ressle and Skipper Ahram Marchant, it was
said, had gone along the Bay Road, to cross from other points.
The only hasty preparations now made had been to put uff every unneees-
sary weight to go back with the horses. Some extra coats, and several bottles
of spirits, the advancing party took with them. Skipper Isaac gave the part-
ing directions to the men who took the beasts back.
"Ef SIlOW doesn't come in an hour's time, an' h.eep on, then, an hour after
that, again como in wi' the horsc
, an' bide an hour, or thereabouts. Ef we'm
not here by that time, we shaH stay a' t'other side."
Many had come up during the short delay, and among them came, pant-
ing, the Parson's ùog, who had not been able to keep up with his ma:-;ter.
\s
they were now all foot-travellers, he ha<l no difficulty, and went before them
in the dreary path towarù the great waste of snuw uv
r which the drcary wind
came blowing sharply.
The dog muunted the hillock, a little way within the Barrens, and giving
a short, sharp bark, plunged down thc othcr side.
The men all rushed together; anù in the gulch at the foot of the opposite
38
ROBERI' l'RAILL SPENCE LO WELL.
[1834-00
rise lay, black upon the snow, fair in the mid-pathway, a stin body, with the
dog nozzling at it.
It was a drift two or three feet deep, in and upon which the still body lay,
The cheek of the right side wað next the snow; the head was bare; the left
hand holding, or seeming to hold, the hat; while the right arm was curved
about the head. The outside coat was partly open, from the top downwards,
as if the wearer might have unbuttoned it when heated.
The ""hole attitude was that of one who had laiù himself down to sleep at
summer-noon, and the face was lovely as in öJeel'; the eyelids were not fast
closed; there was a delicate color in the cheek, and the lips were red, There
was a bright, conscious look, too, as of one that was scarcely asleep even.
"Thank God! he's alive !" said young )lr. "G rston, speaking first. ., Father
Ignatius!" he c:llled, taking him by the hand; then, correcting him
elf
"
lister De Brie
.,
" Ay! he'llnC\"er spake to yon name
no more," sttid the Protestant Jesse.
The Parson, having quickly tried the wrist, was now feeling within the
c1othing
over the heart, a1ll11ooking anxiously into the face.
The hair was blown restlessly by the wind; but there was no waking, nor
any self-moving of the body.
"N'y," said Skipper George, gravely, "I'm afeared this is n' livun.-Oh!
Oh! "
"I saw a house not lJut a ::;tep or two off, 's we come along," said )11'. Bangs,
who had ùeen chafing the hands with brandy, and had tenderly rubbed a lit-
tle, with his finger, inside the nostrils.
::\11'. "
ellon, rising from the suow
shook his head and turned away. "No,
no
.. he said, as if to the question of life;-" and lte'd got into tile rigid road! "
,,""Thy, he's warm, sir,
'urged Urstoll; "certainly, he
s warm!" The Con-
stable felt of the flesh and said nothing.
,. Shan us take un to the tilt?" a
ked Jesse. "It's "Till Ressle's :1\11'. Banks
manes. He
s close by."
"By all means!" answered the Parson. "Yes!" "Yes!" said Skipper
Isaac and the bystanders.
" See, sir!"
aid Skipper George, "'e didn' fall down. 'E've laid himself
down to rest, most like, where the snow wa::; soft, and faIled asleep, That's
ùin the w
y of it, I've bin a
lllost so far gone, myself, sir, afore now."
"See how the hair is smoothed away from his temples," said young Ur-
stone
""rwas the dog!" answered the old fisherman, tenderly, "wi
tryun to
bring un to. Ye"," he added, " 'e was out 0' the path, when the gooc111
ybors
from t'other side comed along, an 'e got into un agen, nfter-an
'e was tired
when 'e corned to this beavy walkun. an' so- "
hat'll come 0' the poor
lady! "
As they lifted the body carefully out of the snow
to bear it away, a new
voice spoke:
., 'W on
t ye put more clothing on urn, for it's blowing bitter cold?"
Father Terence had made his way from
ew Harbor and approached the
1834-89]
ROBERT TRAILL BPE.LYCE LOTVELL.
383
group in silence. He offered, for a wrapper, his own great-coat, which he had
taken off.
"\Ve've ngot store 0' wrappuns, sir; many thanks to yon, sir. all the same,"
answered Jesse Hill, very heartily; and others, too, made their acknowledg-
ments, They wrapped the body, from head to foot, in their blanket
, hastily,
.Mr. ,r ellon saluted Father Terence, saying that" he had very little hope-
indeed, he feared that there was no hope-of that body being restored to life."
"Oh, dear! I fear not, I fear not!" said Father Terence, wiping gentle tears
awa
', "'Yhy 'would he come? Or why did I hiuder um comin' last night?-
God have mercy upon urn! Absoh'e, quesumus Domine, animalrt ejus, " he
adùed, pri,'atcly, or something to that effect.
Skipper Isaac held the body against his own; Jesse and Isaac l\laffen and
young
lr. Urston helped to bear it; and they went, accompanied by all the
others, as fast as they could go, through the snow, toward the tilt. Skipper
George bore the hat, upon which the grasp of the owner's cold hand haù not
been fast. "Eppy," who had done his dumb part before any, now followed
meekly behind. Behind all came the cold, hard wind from the Barrens,
whirling the snow from time to time. The sky over all was hidden by thick
clouds, foreboding storm.
'Yithin the tilt all that they knew how to do was done thoroughly. 110re
than once some one of those engaged exclaimed that the flesh was growing
warmer; but life did not come back. and the flesh grew surely colder. The
body was dead; and they gave over their useless work upon it, and clothed it as
before. There it lay; no priest, no layman, no husband, no father, no man!-
but it was sacred, and it was reverently treated, as belonging to Christ, who
would give it life again.
Some said,-among themsehes.-that Father O'Toole had not stayed
long.
" \Yhat more could 'e do? " asked Gilpin. "'E did more'n many would;"
-" an' 'e spoke proper feelun, like," said others. "Bless the old gentleman !"
Crowds had been gathering about
the place where the melancholy work was
going on; these the Constable and )11'. Skilton and \Villiam Frank occupied,
drawing them a little apart, that there might be no hindrance, from the num-
bers, to those who were busy about the dead. The sad, short story stilled and
saddened all. "Dead!"-" Is'e dead?"-" so near home, too!"-" It's pity
for un! "-" But 'e died happy, however!" said different voices.
Presently snow, from the thick sky, began to be borne upon the wind,
Gilpin. at this, hastened to the door, and others, coming out, met him.
" How'll we carry un?" the Constable asked, ill a low voice. "0' horse-
back? "
" \r e was just spakun," said Jesse, "'twould look like Illockun the dead,
to take un ridun, to my seemull."
"Ay, but we've got to be quick about it; the snow's coming! "
""
hat's to bender we earryun? snre it's more fcelun. 'Ve wouldn' be-
gredge walkull all the w'y to B'y Harbor, ef 'twa::; to B'y Harbor, even ef it
snowed, itself."
" It would be long waiting for a slide," said the Constable.
384
ROBERT TRAILL SP EXOE LO WELL.
[1834-
" An' we could'n have un bide in the cold, here, while we was w'itun, " said
Jesse, "in course. "
It was arranged that one or two of the young men, on thc best horses, should
make their way at the utmost speed to James Bishop's, the nearest neigh body
house in Castle Bay, and bring his sled or "slide," anel, in the mean time, re-
lays of bearers were to carry the Lody onward with what haste they could.
The crowd making a long procession, both before and behind the bearers,
trampled the snow, for the most part in silence. Up the hills and down, many
men taking turns at hearing the body, they made their way between tbe
woods; while sometimes the snow fell thickly, and sometimes the thick
clouds could be seen beforc them and overhead.
Three heavy miles they had got over, when the slide met them; and then
the burùen was transferred to it; a sort of dasher, or fender, of boughs was
speedily set up to keep off the snow thrown by thc borse's feet; and they went
on: the Parson, Skipper George, Skipper Isaac, Skipper Henry, Ski pper Ed-
ward, the Constable, and others of chief authority and dignity, attended at
the sides and behind the sledge; all beside giving place to them. Suddenly
there was a commotion, making itself felt from the forcmost; and then the
whole procession opened to either side, leaving the road bare between.
" Cast off the horse!" cried Skipper George in a quick low tone, seeing who
was coming. The order was obeyed, as hastily as possible, and then the slide
was left alone, in the middie of the way, while the crowd at each side stood
huddled upon itself, and hushed.
"Oh, I knew it! Oh! " said a woman's voice, heard by everyone, with such
a moan of wretchedness that every man seemed to start, as if it were an appeal
to himself. Mrs. Barrè, pale as death, with tears streaming down her cheeks,
and with light snow lying upon her dark hair and on many parts of her ùlack
dress-bearing in her hand (as she had borne, hours before) a letter-
rushed between the sundered crowds, and at the sidc of the sledge fell down
across the muffled load that lay upon it. Every person near drew away.
Great passion appropriatcs absolutely to itself the time and place, and
makcs all other things and persons subordinate and accessory.
Fur this widowed lady's sorrow thc earth and sky were already fitted; and
so were, not less, the kind hearts of thesc men and women.
Shc lay with her face ùuried in the folds of the cloak which ::\11'. ,,- ellon had
spread oyer her husband's body, and uttered a fondling murmur against the
wan of that desolated chamber, as, not long ago, she had murmured fondly
agai
st the strong, warm bosom of her recovered love. :Many by-standel's
sobbed aloud.
Then she lifted her head, and turned down the covering from the face.
"Oh, 'V alter! " she said, clasping her two hands unùer the he:n-y head,
and gazing at the stiffening features, "Oh, my noble husband
-:My Leauti-
ful, noble husband! " then, shaking her bcad, while the tears dropped from
her eyes, said, in a broken voice: "Is this aU, Walter? Is this the end?- Yes,
and it's a good end!" And again she buricd her face on the dead bosom.
" \Yell !-Oh, well! I did not seck you for myself!-It never was for myself!
No!-No!"
1834-89]
ROBERT TRAILL SPENOE LOWELL.
385
The effort to subdue the human love to the divine triumphed in the midst
of tears,
By-and-by she rose up, and with streaming eyes and clasped hands turned
toward the
linister and said:
" I am ready, 1\11'. 'VelIon! Let us go! God's win be done!"
She stooped once more; looked with intense love and sorrow at the face,
wiped her tears from the cold features, co\ered them again, carefully, and
turned her face toward the rest of the way, humeward
The Constable made a gesture to Jesse Hill and young )11'. Urston, and the
horse was again harnessed to the slide. The Parson, leading his horse (which
had been bronght so far on the return, by one of the young men), came to
Irs. Barrè's side and took her arm in his, He begged her to allow herself to
be lifted to the saddle, and to ride. Skipper George, also, had come forward
to suggest the same thing.
"It is'n fittun the lady should walk home, sir," said he to the Pastor, apart.
)lrs. Barrè heard and understood, and answered:
,. 'V ould it make the load too heavy-?-" sbe finished with a longing look
the sentence which was not finished with words.
The fishermen at first hesitated at the thought of her going upon the sledge
that bore her husLand's cOl"}Jse.
"It wouldn't be too heavy," one of them said; and as if no objection could
be made, she went, and, putting her arm tenderly underneath, lifted the body,
seated herself upon the bier, taking the muffled head in her lap, and bent
over it, lost to all things el
e.
All other arrangements for riding amI walking haying been quietly made,
the procession again set forward towards home faster than before. The snow
at times fell fast; Lut in about an hour more they were descending the high
hill into Castle Bay; and before them lay the great black sea, with its cold
l.Jordering of white.
They passed along the chilly beach, At one point, whether consciously or
unconsciouslv,
[rs. ßarrè lifted her head and looked toward both sea and
land. On th
landward side stretched a little valley, with a knoll and rock
and tree at its northern edge; a sweet spot in summer, but now lonely anù
desolate, Hhe gave a
ort of cry, and turned from the sight.
" 0 my God, thou knowest!" she could be heard to say, sobbing over her
husband's body: and she looked up no more until, in another hour, with
the cold stars and drifting clouds overhead, they had reached her desolate
house.
"My dear brethren," said our priest, "we have not lost our Sunday; let us
clo;o;c this day with prayer!"
He and all the men stood, heedle
s of the wintry winrl, uncovered before
GO(l. and he said:
"\Ve thank Thee, U
Ierciful Father, that Thou hast given to us this, our
brother's body, to lay in our hallowed ground; but, above all, for the hope
that his soul, washed in the blood of the immaculate Lamb who was slain to
take away the sins of the world, has been presented without spot before Thee.
Give our sister, we beseech Thee, strength and peace; have her and us in Thy
VOL. XI. -25
386
GEORGE COP JrAY.
[1834-89
safe-keeping, and bring us to Thy heavcnly house, through Jesus Christ, our
Lord. "
The congregation having been dismissed with the blessing, our priest and
the chief men reverently carried the body into the parlor, and disposed it
there, amid the memorials of happy former years, and arranged a watch.
<!ðcorgr Qtop\tJa r.
BORN in Ontario Co., Callaùa, N. W., 181ti. DIED at Pontiac, }Iich., 1869.
TIlE EDLCATIO
OF A YOUKG CHIEF.
[Recollections of a Forest L(fe: 01", the L1fe and Tmvels of Kah-ge-ga-gah-boll'k, or
George Copway, Chief of the Ojiln()ay:Nation. 1847'.-Second Edition. 11:;51.]
I "
AS born in Sature's wide domain! The trees were alJ'that sheltered
my infant limbs-the blue heavcns all that co\-ercd me, I am one of N a-
tl1re's childrcn; I have always admired hcr; she shall be my glory; her fea-
tures-her robes, and the wreath about her brow-the seasons-bel' stately
oaks, and the evergreens-hcr hair, ringlets over the earth-all contributc to
my enduring love of her; and wherev 'r I see hcr, emotions of pleasure roll
in my breast, and swell and burst like wavc
un the shores of the ocean, in
prayer anù praise to Him who has placed me in hcr hand. It is thought
great to be born in palaces, surrounded with wealth: but to be born in N a-
ture's wide domain is grcater still !
I remember thc tall trees, anù the dark woods-the swamp just by, where
the little wren sang so melodiously after the going down of the sun in the
west-the current of the broaù river Trent-the skipping of the fish, and the
noise of the rapids a little ahove. It was here I firðt saw the light; a little
fallen-down shelter, made of evergreens, and a few dead embers, the l.emains
of the last fire that shed its genial warmth arounù, were all that markcd the
spot. "
hen I last visited it, nothing but fir-poles stuck in the ground, and.
they were leaning on accoHnt of decay. Is this dear spot, made green by the
tears of memory, any less enticing and halloweù than the palaccs where
l)rinces arc born? I ,,'onid much more glory in this birthplace, with the broad
canopy of heaTen aÙOTe me, and the giant arms of tbc forest trees for my shel-
ter. than to be horn in palaces of marble stndùcd with pillari'! of gold! Na-
ture will be X ature still. while palaces shall decay and fall in ruins. Yes,
Niagara will be Kiagara a thousand years hence! The rain how, a wreath over
her brow, shall continue as long as the sun. and the flowing of the river-
while the work of art, however impregnable. shall in atoms fall !
Our wigwam we always carried with us where,'er we went. It was made in
the following manner: Poles werc cut about fifteen feet long; three with
crotches at the end, which were stuck in the ground some distance apart, the
upper end::; meeting, and fa!5tenec1 with bark; and then other poles were cut
1834-89]
GEORGE COPWAY.
381
in circular form and bound round the first, and then covered with plaited
reeds, or sewed birch-bark, leaving an opening on the top for the smoke to
escape. The skins of animals formf'd a covering for a gap, which answered
for a door. The family all sat, tailor-fashion. on mats. In the fall and wi.n-
ter they were generally ma<le more secure, for the purpose of keeping out the
rain and cold. 'rho covering of our wigwam was always carried by my mother,
whenever we went through the woods. In the summer it was oasior and pleas-
anter to move about from place to place than in the winter, In the summer
wo had birch-bark canoes, and with these we tran
lled very rapidly aud ca:õ:ily.
In the winter everything was carried upon the back. I have known some
Indians carry a whole dcer-not a small one, but a buck, If an Indi.an could
lift up his paek off the ground by means of his arms, it was a good load, not
too light nor too hea,'y. I onco carried lUG pounds weight of flour, twelve
pounds of shot, fÌYe pounds of coffee, alld somo sugar, abuut a quarter of a
mile, without resting-the flour was in two Lag;;:. It felt very heavy. This
was since I travolled with the missionaries, in going over one of the portages
in the west.
Our summer hou
es were made like those in gardens among the whites,
except that the skeleton was covered with bark.
ly father generally took one or two families ,vith him when he went to
hunt; all were to hunt, and place their gains into one common stock till
spring (for they werc often out all winter), when a division took place.
The change of scasons changed also our mode of living, us wen as the places
where we had our wigwams, In the fall we gathered the wild rice, and in the
winter we were in the interior. Some wintel's we suffered most severely, on
account of the depth of snow, and the cola; our wigwams were oftcn buried
in snow. ,Yo not only suffcrcd from the snow and the cold, but from hunger.
Our party would bo unable to hunt, and being far from the white settlements,
we were often in want of fOOll.
)ly father and another Indian, by the name of Big John, and myself, went
ûut hunting; my father left his family near the mission station, living in the
"igwam. While wo were out on the hunting-grounds, we found uut that some
Indians lUtll gone before us on the route np the ri vcr, and every day we gained
upon them; their tracks were fresh. The rivcr and the lah.es wcre frozen,
anù we had to walk an the ice. For some days together wo did not fire [t gUll,
for fear they would }wal' it anù go from ns, where we could not .find them. At
length we found thelll by tho hanks of the river-they were X ah-doo-ways,
or .:\lohawks, from Bay Qninty
there were soven of them, tall fellows. \re
shook hands with them; they recei,-e<l us kindly. )Iy fathcr had Jetcrmined
to take all they had, if we i'houlcl overtake them. After they gan' us a good
dinner of boiled beaver, my father :-;tepppd across the firo and ripped open two
packs of beaver fur;;:. that were ju
t hy him. lIe
aid to them: .. ,r e h:l\"e only
ûne custom among us, and that is well known to :In; this river and all that
i:5 in it are mine. I have comc up the river behind you, antI you appear to have
killed all before you. This i
mine, and this i
mine," he said. as he touched
,,-ith the handlc of his tomahawk each of the pack
of beaver, otter, and musk-
rat skins. I expected every mument to see my father h.Ilockcd down with a
388
GEORGE COP WA Y.
[1834-:'9
tomahawk, but none dared touch him; he counted the skins, and then threw
them across the fire-place to us. After this was done, the same thing took
place with the guns; only one was left them to use on their way home. He
talked to them by signs, and bade them, as the sailors say, "weigh anchor,
and soon be under way"; they le!t, and we took possession of the temporary
wigwam they had built. We never saw them afterwards on our hunting-
grounds, though some of them have been there since.
Jly father was ever kind and affectionate to me, particularly after the death
of my brother, which was occasioned by the going off of a gun. the load pass-
ing through the arm, and so fractured it that it soon mortified and cau:::;ed his
death. He believed in persuasion; I know not that he ever used harsh means,
but would talk to me for hours together. As soon as it was dark he wouhl
call me to his side and hegin to talk, and tell me that the Great Spirit would
bless me with along life if I should love my friends, and particularly the agell.
lIe would always take me with him when going anywhere near, and I learned
his movements, for I watched him going through the woods. Often would
he tell me that whcn I should he a man that I must do so and so, and do as he
dill, while fording the ri,-ers, shooting the deer, trapping the beaver, etc. I
always imitated him while I was a hunter.
Jly mother was also kind and affectionate; she seemed to be happy when
she saw us enjoying ourselves hy her; ofteu she would not eat much for days
together; she would leave all for us! She was an industrious woman; in the
spring she made more sugar than any 8ne else; she was never idle while the
season for gathering wild rice lasted.
I was taught early to hunt the deer. It was a part of our father's duty to
teach us how to handle the gun as well as the bow and arrow. I was early re-
minded to hunt for mysp If; a thirst to excel in hunting began to increase; no
pains were spared, no fatigue was too great, and at all seasons I found some-
thing to stimulate me to exertion, that I might become a good hunter. For
years I followed my father, observed how he approached the deer, the man-
ner of getting it upon his shou]ders to carry it home, etc. The appearance of
the sky, the sound of the distant waterfalls in the morning, the appearance
of the clouds and the winds, were to be noticed. The step, and the gesture,
in travelling in search of the deer, were to be observed.
:Many a lecture I received when the deer lay bleeding at the feet of my
father; he would give me an account of the nobleness of the hunter's deeds,
and said that I should never Le in want whenever there was any game, and
that many a poor aged man could Le assisted by me. ., If you revcrencc the
aged, many will be glad tò hcar of your name," were the words of my father.
"1'he poor man will say to his chilùren, 'my children, let us go to him, for
he is a great hunter, and is kind to the poor; be will not turn us away empty.'
The Great Spirit, who has given the aged a long life, will bless you. You
must never laugh at any suffering objcct, for you know not how soon you may
be in the same condition; never kill any gamc needlessly." Such was his
language wben we were alone in the woods. Ah! they were lessons directed
from heaven.
In the spring but few deer are killed, because they were not in good orùcr,
1831-89]
GEORGE COP WAY.
389
the venison being poor, and the skin so thin, that it was no object to kill them.
To bunt deer in the summer was my great delight, which I did in the follow-
ing mauner: During the day I looked for their tracks, as they came on the
shore of the lake or river during the night to feed. If they came 011 the bank
of tbe river, I lighted pitch-pine, and the currcnt of the river took tbe canoe
along the shore. .1\Iy lantern was so constructed that the light could not fall
on one spot, but sweep along the shore. The deer could see the light, but
were not alarmed by it, and continued feeding on the weeds, In thið wa
- I
have approached so close that I could have reached them with my paddle.
In this manner our forefathers shot them, not with a guu, as I did, but with
the how and arrow. Bows were made strong enough, so that the arrows migbt
}Jierce through them.
Another mode of hunting on the lakes, preferred by some, is shootingwith-
out a light. )Iany were so expert, and pO::;::iesscd such accuracy in hearing,
that they could shoot successfully in the dark. with no other guide than the
noise of the deer in the water; the position of the deer being well known in
this way on the darkest night, I will here relate an occurrcnce which took
place in 1834. )[y father and I were hunting on the river Trent, in the night;
after we had shot two deer, and while returning homewarùs, we beard the
noise of a deer's footsteps. The night was dark as pitch. ,r e approached the
deer. I asked my father at what part of the animal I should aim. He replied,
,. at the head or neck." I poised my gun and fired; hearing no noise I
concluded that my game was sure. I lighted some pitch-pine and walked
towards the cipOt from which the noise had come. The deer lay dead and
bleeding. On examination, I found that I had shot it just below the ear. In
-the fall of the year, also, I was accustomed to hunt; the meat was yery fìne,
and the skins (from which our moccasons were made) were much thicker at
this season. Those that could track the deer on fallen leave::5, and shoot one
each day, were considered first-rate hunters. The fall is the be
t time to de-
termine the skill of the hunbman.
Of all animals the bear is the most dangFrous to hunt. I had heard
o
many stories about its cunning that I dreaded to meet one. One day a party
of us were going out to hunt the bear, just below trooke's Rapid
. After we
had made a temporary place to stay for seyeral days, we mnrched in file: after
a while we halted, each took a different direction. My father said: " Uy SOB.
you had better loiter behind the rest Do not go far, for you may lose }our-
self." ,re parted-I too1. my course, and the rest thcir::;, I trembled for fear
I should see what I was hunting for! I went only where I least expected to
see a bear, and every noi::;e I hearù in the wood::; I thought must be one. As
I 1::>tood on an old mossy log, there was such a crack on thc side of the hill
that my heart leaped within me. As I turncd and looked, there was a large
bear running towards me! I hiù m}"
clf bd]ind a tree-hut on he came; I
watched him; he came like a hogshead rolling down hill; there were no signs
of stúpping; when a few feet from me, I jumped aside, and cried JTall! (an
exclamation of fear). I fired my gnn without taking sight; in turning sud-
denly to avoid me, 1)(' threw up the earth and leaye::;; for un instant I was led
to IJclif've that the bear wa::; upon me. I dropped my gun and fell lJackwill'<.ls,
390
GEORGE COPWAY.
[1834-89
whiJe the bear Jay sprawling just by me. Having recovered, I took up my
gun, and went a few feet from where I fell, and loaded my gun in a hurry.
I then sought for a long pole, and with it I poked it on its side, to see if it
was really dead. It did not moyc-it was dead; but even then I had not COlU-
agc to go and touch it with my hands. 'Yhen all was OT"er, and I had told
my father I had killed a bear, I felt as though my little leggings could
hardly contain me. In cxamÏ11Ïng it, I found the ball had gone through its
heart.
"\Yhen about five years old, I commenced shooting birds, with a small bow
and arrow. I have shot many a bird, but am no more a marksman. I used
to fecI proud when I carrieù home my own game. The :first thing that any of
the hunters shot was cooked by the grandfather and grandmother, and there
"-as great rejoicing, to inspire the youthful hunter with fresh ardor. Day
after day I searchcd for the gray squirrel, the woodpecker, the snipe, and the
snow-bird, for this was all my employment.
The gun was another instrument put into my hands, which I was taught
to use both carefully and skilfully. Seldom do accidents occur from the use
of fire-arms among our people. I delighted in running after the deer, in order
to head and shoot them. It was a well known fact that I ranked high among
the hunters. I remember the first deer I ever shot,-it was about one mile
north of the villagc of Keene. The Indians, as has just been said, once had
a custom, which is now done away, of making a great feast of the :first deer
that a young hunter caught; the young hunter, howeT"er, was not to partake
of any of it, but wait upon the others. All the satisfaction he could realize
was to thump his heels on the ground, while he and others were singing the
following hunter's ::;Ollg :
" Ah yah ba wah, ne gah me koo nah yah!
Ah yah wa seeh, ne gah me koo nah nah."
The fattest of the bucks I'll take,
The choicest of all animals I'll take.
In the days of our ignorance we used to dance around the :fire. I shudder-
when I think of those days of our darkness, I thought the Spirit would be
kind to me if I danced before the old men; and day after day, or night after
night, I have been employed with others in this way. I thank God that those
days will neyer return.
1834-89]
RICHARD SALTER STORRS.
391
1atcl)artJ
altct
torr
.
See, also, Volume VII., page 564, of this \Vork.
OX THE STUDY uF HISTORY.
[The Broader Range and Outlook of the .JIodprn College Training.-Add,'ess bef01'e the
A. L1. P. of Amherst, 28 .June, 1887.]
I T seems to me plain, that the intuitive moral reason to which the most
conspicuous action mllst give its account, and by which its character is
iñterpreted and adjudged, which puts a candid estimate upon motives, and
sets whatever historic achievement presents itself for review in fair connec-
tion with special environments of time or of place, must here find as fruitful
activity, as systematic and c{uickening a nurture, as in any department of
human research; and tbat the historical imagination-which of course does
not rank with the creative imagination of the poet, but which is surc1y akin
to that, and perhaps not less capable of giving incitement and beautiful
})leasul'e in common experience-that this has such impulse am1
ustenance
in the study of thc past as cannot be furnished anywhere else. Sù it is that
many of the aspiring and superior minds which have wrought in letters have
taken this study for their own, and ha,-e by their succe::;ses in it made t1Ie
world of readers their grateful debtors. The" personal equation" has con-
tinually appeared among them, in their judgment of motives, of movements,
and of men; but in order to form any judgment at all, which the discerning
would respect, they have had to cultivate moral insight, as well as a discur-
sive and commanding intelligence. Records of the centuries, buried in the
crypts of archives and libraries, have bad to yield up to the survey of their
genius living forms; vanished times have had to he reconstructed by thcir
thought, in their outward phenomcna, and their constitutive moral and
social forces; the manifold sensibilities, desires, passions, which belong to
our nature, have had to bc recognized, and their operation in public affairs
to be patiently exhibited, while the impressions of peoples on each other have
fined to the edge thc crowded canvas.
No teachers, therefore, have done more than these to educate broadly the
ethical and the mental faculty in those whom they addrcssed. and before
whom they unrolled the immense panorama of action, passion, collision, ca-
tastrophe, in the story of nation::;, with the energics exerted at critical points
by particular persons, the deeper and more controlling power belonging to
tendencies. It is strictly trne, what )Iacaulay said: "Ue [who reads his-
tory] learns to distinguish what is local from what is universal; what is tran-
sitory from what is eternal; to discriminate bf'tween exceptions and rule::;; to
trace the opcration of disturhing causes; to separate the general principles,
which are always true and everywhere applicable, from the accidental cir-
cumstances with which in every community they are blended, and with
which, in an isolated community, they are confounded by the most philo-
sophical mind. Hence it is that in genera]ization the writers of modern
392
RICHARD SALTER STORRS.
[1 t:34-89
times have far surpas:::ed those of antiquity. The historians of our own
country, '. he adds. "are unequalled in depth and precision of reason; and
e,en in the works of our mere com pileI's we often meet with speculations
beyond the reach of Thucydides or Tacitus. " This is the testimony of one
'who delighted to teal' the yigor and flower of his life from the Bar and the
E,enute, from official distinction and the rarest social opportunities, that he
might survey with ampler scope, while investigating with microscopic mi-
nuteness, the records of the past; reading a week to fashion a sentence; find-
ing reward for laborious journeys in the more precise outline of a charader,
or the more exact picture of a scene, in even the more lively turn of a phrase
or the more lucid completeness of a paragnlph. If one needs to see, in near
example, the fitness of historical studies to quicken and maintain high men-
tal enthusiasm, and to discipline and enrich as well as to enlist rare and
various mental powers, he may certainly find the immediate demonstration
in the instance of Lord
Iacalllay.
A college like this, too, and an audience like the present, can never fail
gratefnl1y to recognize the large and beautiful moral impulse deliT"ered upon
spirits prepared to receive it through their contact in history with great, se-
rene and ma
terful personalities, as these present themselT"es in the crowdeù
pw,;sages which study explores, daring or suffering in the conflicts of their
time, In common life we can, at best, but rarely meet such. The saintly
and superior souls arc not mustered in regiments. l\Illlritudinous companies
of elect spirits do not yet surround us on earth. It seems, sometimes, as if
the enormous secular adyances of which. onr times are so full and so proud
were lowcring the height and dimming the lustre of the moral ideal, as repre-
sented in the actual of life. Sending messages by lightning, travelling at
forty miles to the hour, crossing in a week the ocean which the
Iayfìower
perilously breasted, in our sumptuous yessels, framed of iron, luxurious in
appointment, propelled from within, and gay with color as so many swim-
ming summer-gardens-these applauded achievements do not tend of ne-
cessity to the upbuilding of nobler courage, to the development of a lumi-
nous moral wisdom, to the culture of e\-en philosophical refinement, or the
nurture of the temper of devout aspiration. On the other hane1. do we not
sometimes fcel that ,irtue among us is coming to be too much a matter of
manner::;; that the intense subjective processes from which august character
is derived are in a measure being superseded by the mechanical contrivances
and the physical successes with which our noisy years resound; and that the
grand and lovely spirits, which are present still, und in which, whensoever
we touch them, we find strange charm and inspiration, are fewer and lone-
lier than they were? Surely we do not meet them of tell, and cannot com-
mand their presence at our need.
But in history they abound, and are always at our service. Marcus Aure-
lius, saddest of men, yet imperturbable in a falling empire, and amid the
mad whirl of an unexplained universe; Bernard, with the flaming intensity
of his spirit, commander of kings anù counsellor of pontiffs while the friend
and protector of the lowliest of the poor, crushing before him the insolent
noble, and facing the fierce fury of the mob on behalf of the Jew; :.:\Ielallch-
1834-89]
RICHARD SALTER STORRS.
393
thon, with his beautiful enthusiasm for letters, writing Greek more easily
than German, modest, peace-loving, yet firm in conviction, devoted to the
)Iaster in almost passionate love, the very St. John of the stormy Reforma-
tion; 'Villiam of Orange, frouting with majestic endurance the apparently
irresistible power which swept the Netherlands with flame and blade, and
recovering for freedom the land which his ancestors might literally be said
to have plucked from the sea-these will come to us when we want them;
and with them all, orators, statesmcn, theologians, artj::;ts, leaders of cru-
sades like Godfrey of Bouillon, who would not wear a crown where his )Ias-
tel' had borne the cross, rulers of kingdoms like St. Louis, poets, philanthro-
pists, heroes, martyrs, the women with the men, of whom the worJd of their
time was not worthy, by whom the world is madc worthier to-day. \Ve may
wait years, or we may journey thuusands of miles, to meet in the present the
special Rpirit whose office it is, and whose charming prerogative, to kindle
and ennoble ours. It is but to step to the library shelf to come face to face
with such in the past, if we know where to find them; nay, it is hut to let the
thought go backward, over what has become ùistinct to our minds, and the
silent company is around us; the communion of rejoicing and consecrated
souls, the illustrious fellowship, in the presence of whom our meanness is
rebuked, our cowardice is shamed, and we become the freer children of God
and of the Truth.
Not only the romance of the world is in history, but influences so high in
source and in force as to he even sacred descend through it. Benedictive,
sacramental, is its touch upon responsive souls. \Ye become comparativcly
careless of circumstances; aware of kinship, in whatever heroic element may
be in us, with the choice, transcendent spirits
r('gardle
s of the criticism, or
the snarling scoffs, which here may surround us, if only conscious of a deeper
and more complete correspondence with those whose elate anù unsubduable
temper remains among the treasures of mankind. I think that to our times,
especially, the careful and large study of history is alllong the most essential
sources of mural inspiration, The cultiyation of it, in ereI' larger and richer
measure, is one of the fincst and noblest exercises proposed to young rninlll'5.
Auy college which introduces to the society of the spirits which haye made
centuries illu::;trious take:s I'plendor and majesty from the office.
The importance of individual life and effort is also magnified by it, instead
of being diminished or disguised, as lllen sometimes fancy; since one is con-
tinually reminded afresh of the power which belongs to those spiritualforces
which all may a:,sist in animating and moulding civilizations. Of course an
imperfect study of history, howen>r rnpid and rudimcntal, shows how often
the individual decision and the restl'aining or inspiring action of grcat pcr-
sonalities have furnished the pivots on which multitudinous conscqucnces
have turned; how, even after long intervals of time, the effect::; of such have
made themselves evident, in chauf!"ed comlitions and tcndencics of peoples;
and so it reminds us, with incessnnt iteration, of the vital interlocking of
every encrgetic personal life with the series of live::; which are unconsciously
dependent upon it, of the reach of its influence upon the great complex of
historical progress, and uf the selTice which ('ach capable or cminent spirit
394
ROSWELL SABI
-E RIPLEY.
[1834-89
may render to the cause of universal culture and peace. But those to whom
our thoughts are thus turned have been for the most vart signal men in their
time, remarkaùle in power, distinguished in opportunity, intuitively c1Ïs-
cerning the needs of the age, and with peculiar competence to meet them.
'Yith such we by no meaus may mate oUl'seh'cs; and, so far, the lesson which
history teaches may easily seem to he one of discouragement rather than of
impulse, inclining us to rely upon occasional great men as the true pioneers
and champions of progress, and to feel that for ourselves we have no place
and no re::òponsibility in the assistance of large and permanent public ad-
vancemen t.
1l\o
\\1cll
abíne iìíplcp.
BOR" in \Vorthingtoll, Frallk1ill Co., Ohio, 1t:i23. DIED in Xew York, N. Y., 1887.
THE STOR)IIKG OF CIIAPrLTEPEC.
[The 'War with jlIexico. 184D.]
I N order that the victory mIght not be left to allY uncertainty while these
dispositions were being made, Pillow sent a request to General Scott that
'Y orth's division, which was to support his assault, should be posted nearer
the scene of action than Tacubaya. General
cott so ordered it; but 'V orth
was already in motion for the purpose. Before he arrived at )Iolino del Rey,
the time for preparation had expired, and Quitmall had sent word to Pillow
that he was ready for the assault. Pillow had not quite finished his })repara-
tions, and during the few minutes which intervened before the arrival of Gen-
eral Scott's staff officer, the heavy gnns of battery So, 3 poured successive
discharges of heavy grape and shell into the grove. The orders for the cessa-
tion of fire were soon received; the American hatteries, heavy and light, ceased
at once, and the attack commenced. .
Lieutenant-Colonel ,Johnstone led his voltigeurs rapidly down from
Iolino
<leI Rcy to the level ground ahout the redan which he was to assault, keeping
close undcr the southern wall of the enclosure, to protect his men from the ar-
tillery fire of the castle, The stormers nnder Captain )IcKenzie, Second Artil-
lery, followed close after. "
hen the a<lvance of the yoltigeurs came within
musket-range of th<, redan, the )Iexican infantry behind its parapet arose and
commenced a lively fire, JohnF:tone immediately ordered his companies to
deploy and reply advancing, which they did with so much effect that the en-
emy was driven from the work ÌJeforc the re
rmost company was in line. The
whole battalion, rushing through two ditches acroi'S the path and over the
parapet. entered the redan, and through the cut ÍIlt(J the grove, joining with
the main force which had advanced through the gateway of :Molino del Rey.
The )Iexican batteries on the west of the castle had obtained the range of
the gateway during the morning, and kept up a heavy fire of shells for half
an hour lJcfore the advance. The effect was but to annoy the troops in posi-
18:34-89]
ROSWELL SABL..VE RIP LEY.
395
tion, and to render them somewhat l.estle
, for they were protected from the
splinters hy the walls of tIlE' buildingfl. Under the circumstances, Cadwala-
del', who wus the senior officer immediately at the point, was anxious to com-
mence the assault, and sent to achise Pillow of thc existing state of things.
The mountain-howitzers, meanwhile, were served through the gateway, un-
der the fire from the castle and from the intrenchments; for, notwithstanding
the distance, the enemy kept up heav
- discharges of musketry. They had
somewhat shaken his line along the point of the grove, when, as the heavy
guns ceased firing, Pillow arrived. and ordered Colonel
\.ndrews to ach-ance
the first battalion of voltigeurs. The corps, issuing through the gateways,
deployed forward at a run, and with a shout, which told the determination
for \"""ictory, rushed straight at the intrenchments. 'rhe )lexicans delivered
a scattering fire, and gave way, for Johnstone's soldiers were at the moment
hreaking into the grove through the red an. Both battalions of voltigenrs
took the COT"er of the trees, and, engaging the enemy, beat him back through
the woods in the direction of the castle.
Seeing the first point gained, Pillow orùered the howitzer battery and the
Xinth anù Fifteenth Regiments to move forward in support. These troops
passed the gateway and deployed in the field, and Pillow mounted and took
the achance.
Meanwhile the attention of the garrison in the western portions of the cas-
tle was given to the assault in this direction. The guns in the priest-cap and
on the flanks were depressed, and sent heavy discharges of grape oyer the
heads of the retreating )Iexicans. The four-pounder in the round bagtion at
the angle of tIle roadway kept up a raking fire on the road by the southern
wall, which was sustained by a continued stream of musketry from the in-
trenchments in its front.
The American adT"ance was continued, though slowly, under the heaxy fire,
as well as that of the retreating )Iexican infantr
'. It was difficult. for the
ground was wet and bogg,v. and the moral and physical effect of the )Iexican
shot, crashing and tearing as it did through the foliage, was such as in some
cases to render the men a,-erse to leaT"e the shelter of the trees. Pillow placed
himse1f in the front, and ùv his well-seconded efforts a continuecl movement
was established, although
the uature of the grouncl caused the corps to be
thrown illto some disarray. Advancing in this manner, the troops droT"e back
the enemy and reached the short open space at the foot of the hill. There
they were halted to allow the stormers to take the front, and to form in
up-
port. But '[eKenzie, having his part
. in close formation, had not heen able
to kecp np with the a(hance over the boggy ground. He had not arrived at
the bafle of the hill before the enemy rallied in the rednn half way up the ac.
cliT"ity, and opened fire thence, as well as from the round bastion and the in-
trenchments in its frol1t. The galling fire rendered immediate movement
necessary, and Pillow, who had ju::;t previously been wounded, ordered the
assmll t.
The mountain-howitzers sent a few canisters, and the voltigeur regiment
threw a volley up the hill from the base south of the redan. That regiment
immediately followed, lea by Lieutenant-Colonel Johnstone and )Iajor Cald.
396
ROSWELL SA-BIKE RIPLEY.
[1834-89
well. At the same time, Captain Hooker, who was on the left, repeated tbe
order, and brought up the nearest body of infantry, for the yoltigeurs were
without bayonets. Captain Chase, of the Fifteenth Infantry, led his company
up to the redan from the north. The Americans pressed forward so rapidly
that the enemy made short resistance, and fell back to the main work. The
yoItigeurs, Kinth and Fifteenth, followed close after, passed the redall, aud
gained the crest of the hill. A ::\Iexicall engineer officer was at the time in
the act of firing the saucisson of the mines, but the fire of the American ad-
vance disabled him. The saucissollS were immE'diately cut, and that clement
of danger wa::, effectually destroyed.
As the Americans rose over the crest. the ::\lexicall artillery in the priest-
cap opened hmLT"ily with canister, and the troops on the azoteas and at the
windows commenced a rapid rolling dÜ:charge of musketry, and many of tbe
assailants fell killed or wounded. Of the former was Colonel Ransom, of the
Ninth, who died gallantly at the head of his regiment. As the troops were at
the time without ladders with which to scale the walJs, further immediate ad-
vance was impracticable. They therefore kept in the rocks, and opened :fire
11 pon the :Mexican artillerymen who were not more than fifty yards distant.
\ mountain-howitzer was brought up and opencd upon the round bastion,
which was commanded hy points of the hill already gained. Its fire, and that
of a party of voltigeurs closel
' delivered, soon drove out the enemy, and the
}>oint was at once occupied. The effect of the rifles and muskets direded up-
on the main work was soon apparent from the cessation of the artillery fire,
although the infantry, from roofs and wiñdows, stilJ kept up a ðtream of mus-
ketr.v upon the assailants. These, however, kept close behind the rocks of the
height, awaiting the arrival of the storming party and the ladders, and in the
while using their weapons with deadly effcct upon all of the garrison who pre-
sented themselves in sight and. within range.
::\Ieantime Captain ::\IcKcnzie arrived at the base of the hill, and, finding
that the other troops had preccded him in the ascent, in olwdience to Pillow's
order he led his party rapidly up. It dim bed oyer the rocks and marlc its way
to the advance, but the troopf' around the crest were so closely posted that it
was difficult for the stOl'mers to get through. The ladders were not yet up,
for the men of the carrying party had thrown them down in the grove, and
for the most part engaged in the combat.
Being disablC'd from active a(h-ance, Pillow had sent Cadwalader up the
ai'cent to give immediate attention to the moyements of the assault. Seeing
the Ftnte of affairs, that officer at once
ent parties to collect and bring up the
ladders. ,rhile this work was being accomplished, other troops came up in
support.
'Yhile advancing through the grove, Pillow had recei\Ted a message from
"T orth that his division was outside ::\[olino del Rey, in readiness to support
the attack. In answer, PiJlow requested that a brigade should be advanced
through the buildings to take post in the woods, as, in case of a check, time
would be lost in bringing reënforcements forward by the flank through the
narrow gateway. Worth ordered Colonel Clarke's brigade to advance, and
that corps came rapidly forwarù. To shelter the troops from the shot which
]
;H t)U I
RU.,WELL bABLVE RIPLEY,
397
was falling in the grove, Pillow ordered them to be posted on the slope of the
bill. The Eighth anJ Fifth, and a party of the Sixth Regiment, went up the
asce n t.
The
ixth was, however, ordered around the northern base of the rock, to
cut up the fugitives from the castle; for the :Mexican garrison was alreaJy
shaken by tbc ncar approach, and many were attempting to make good their
esca pc.
The X ew Y ol'k and Second Pennsylvania Regiments of Quitman's COllUlla11l1
soon after came through the bastion and cut, which had been carried by John-
stone's command,. and, passing through the grove, commenced ascending the
hint By the time they had joined the rear of the forces already in position,
a numb('r of ladders had been gathered and taken up, and the final assault
cOlllmeneed.
rrhe )Iexican artillery fire having been silenced, the troops most in ad-
vance had only been awaiting the ladders to makc the last attack. \Yhen they
were brought up, parties from different corps, running quickly forward over
the rugged though short space between the crest of the hill and the ditch,
leaped in, and at once planted their ladders. Lieutenant Armistead, of the
storming party, led the way, and, as the ladders were raised, Lieutenant Sel-
den first mounted to scale the walls. From azoteas and windows the l\Iexi-
cans redoubled their musketry fire, which killed Lieutenants Rogers and
Smith, of the stormers, who wcre urging on their meJ, struck down Selden,
and with him several soldiers who had been the first to follow his example;
but the assailants in the ditch clustered thick around the ladders already plant-
ed and con
tantly being raiz;:ed. ltlany fell wounded or dead, yet their places
were immediately taken; and, finally, Captain Howard. of the voltigeurs,
gainQd the parapet unhurt, Captain .:\IcKenzie and many of his party, Cap-
tain llarllèlrd, of the yoltigeurs, with the colors of his regiment (the first in the
work), Lieutenant Bennet, of the Fifteenth, and a crowd of gallant officers
and meu, followed after. Long ladders were brought up and laid across the
ditch, and, with a shout of victory, the great body of the troops rushed over.
under fire from the buildings inside uf the castle, and the priest-cap was
gained.
Further down the hill, Lieutenant-Colonel Johnstone led a party of yolri-
gem's and soldiers of other regiments over the round bastion and up the roaù-
way, directly upon the gate of the castle. From the I'outh front of thE: college,
and from the eastern terrace, the enemy fired heavily upon these assailants.
r
ieut('nant Reno's mountain-howitzers, which were with the advance, were
opened npon the terrace in reply. while the soldiers used their rifles and mus-
kets against the enemy in the windows and about the parapets so effectually
that his fire soon slackened. Running up thc roadway, the party entered at
the gate, and joined the advance of those assailants which had entered over
the priest-cap. The ad vance was pursued, and the enemy was rapidly pushed
from the eastern terrace and the whole southcrll front of the castle.
[any
Mexicans, in their flight, jumped down the
teep eastern side of the rock, re-
gardless of the height, while the
\mericans pelted them from the parapets.
This part of the castle being won, and finding the cnemy still strong in thB
398
JOSEPIl JEFFER60N.
[1834-89
lower batteries, and contesting the as
ault along the Tacubaya road with vig-
or, J obnstone posted a party of voltigeurs and other troops on the southeast-
ern angle of the castle. These opened a heavy fire upon the enemy's rear,
which soon told, and insured his retreat.
leanwhile tbe whole castle had beeu occupied. Different parties entered at
different doors of the college, and although the
Iexicans kept up a resistlUlce
for a time, it was soon oYerCOll1e
but while it lasted the American soldiers
showed more ferocity thtlll had been exhibited by them duringthe whole course
of the war. The remembrance of the murder of their wounded comrades on the
:field of l\Iolino del Rey was still fresh, and, where resistance was nuttle. quarter
was rarely gi\"en. General Perez was killed tighting; Colonel Cailo, engineer
of the castle, and a host of inferior officers and soldiers, fell in the tUIllult; and
although the struggle lasted but a few millute
, it was not until the soldiers
were satiated with revenge, and the first fury consequent upon the successful
R::i::iault had passed away, that the bloodshed was put a stop to. But in the
midst of the melée, Generals Bravo,
ronterde, K oriega, Dosamantes, and
Saldana were taken prisoners and protected from injury.
\Yhile the struggle continued on the terre-plein and inRide the college.
parties of American officers and soldiel:s made their way through the different
rooms of the building to the azotea. )lajor
eymour, of the Ninth Infantry,
tore down the )lexieall flag, and, soon after, the standards of the Eighth and
Fifteenth Regiments tf Infantry, and the N ew York Volunteers, were thrown
out from the highest points of the castle. The shouts of the victors announced
to )lexico that Chapultepec, the strong åefence on the west of her capital, was
in pO::isl;ssiol1 of her enemy.
10S5cpl) 1 cffctS50n.
BORX in Philadelphia, Penn., 1829.
HOW JEFFERSOX CAME TO PLAY RIP YA
'VINKLE.
[The Autobiog1"aphy of Joseph Jefferson. 1890.]
^ RT has always been my sweetheart, and I have Im'ed her for herself
alone. I had fancied that our affection was mutual, so that when I
failed as a star, which I certainly did, I thought she had jilted me. Not so.
I wronged her. She only reminded me that I had taken too great a liberty,
and that if I expected to win her I must press my suit with more patience,
Cbecked, but undaunted in the resolve, my mind dwelt upon my vision, and
I still indulged in day-dreams of the future.
During these delightful reveries it came up before me that in acting
lsa
'Trenchard I had, for the first time in my life on the stage, spoken a pathetic
speech; and though I did not look at the audience during the time I was
acting,-for that is dreadful,-I felt that they both laughed and cried, I
bad before this often made my audience smile, but ne,er until now had I
1834-89]
JOSEPH JEFFERSON.
399
moved them to tears. This to me novel accomplishment was delightful, and
in casting about for a new character my mind was e"erdwelling on reproduc-
ing an effect where humor would be so closely allied to pathos that smiles
and tears should mingle with each other. "
here could I get one: There
had been many written, and as I looked back into the dramatic history of the
past a long line of lovely ghosts loomed up before mc, pa
ing as in a proces-
sion: Joò Tlwrnòerry, Bob Tyke, Frank Gatland, Zekiel Homespun, and a
bost of departed heroes" with martial stalk went by my watch." Charming
fellows all, but not for me, I felt I could not do them justice. Besi..1es, they
were too human, I was looking for a myth-something intangiLle and im-
possible. But he would not come. Time went on, and still with no result.
During the summer of It:59 I arranged to board with my family at a queer
old Dutch farmhouse in Paradise Yalley, at the foot of Pocono )Iountain, in
Pennsylvania. A ridge of bills covered with tall hemlocks surrounds the
vale, and numerous trout-streams wind through the meadows and turnble
over the rocks. Stray farms are scattered through the valley, and the few
old Dutchmen and their families who till the soil were born upon it ; there
and only there they ha ,"e ever lived. The valley harmonized with me and our
resources. The scene was wild, the air was fresh, and the board was cheap.
"
hat could the light heart and purse of a poor actor ask for more than this?
On one of those long rainy days that always render the countr). so dull I
had climbed to the loft of the barn, and lying upon the hay was reading that
delightful book " The Life and Letters of "Washington Irving." I had gotten
well into the volume, and was much interested in it, when to my surprise I
came upon a passage which said that he bad seen me at Laura Keene's thea-
tre as Goldfinch in Holcroft's comedy of "The Road to Ruin," and that I
reminded him of my father" in look, gesture, size, allllmake," Till then I
was not aware that he had e"er
eell mc. I was comparatively obscure, and
to find myself remembered and written of by such a man gave me a thrill of
pleasure I can ne"V"er forget. I put down the book, and lay there thinking
how proud I was, and ought to be, at the revelation of this compliment.
''"'"hat an incentive to a youngster like me to go on !
And so I thought to mpelf, ""r ashington Ir"Ving, the author of 'The
Sketch-Buok,' in which is the quaint story of Rip Yan Winkle." Rip Van
'Yink]e! Therc was to me magic in the souncl of the name as I repeated it.
'rhy, was not this the ,-ery character I wantcd? An American story by an
American author was surely just the themc suited to an American actor.
In ten minutes I had gone to the house and returned to the barn with "The
Sketch-Book. " I had not read the story since I was a boy. I was disappointed
with it; not as a story, of course, but the tale was purcly a narrative. The
theme was interesting, but not dramatic. The silver Hudson stretches out
before you as you read, the quaint red roofs and queer gaùles of the old Dutch
cottages stand out against the mist upon the mountains; but a11 this is de-
scriptive. The character of Rip does not speak tcn lines. "-hat could be
done dramatically with so siml)le a sketch? How could it be tnrlled into an
effective play?
Three or four bad dramatizations of the story had already been acted, hut
400
JOSEPH JEFFERSON.
[1t)34-89
without marked sncce
s. Yates of London had given one in which the hero
dies, one had been acted by my father, one by Hackett, and another by Burke.
Some of these versions I had remembered when I ,vas a boy, and I should say
that Burke's play and performance were the best, but nothing that I remem-
bered gave me the slightest encouragement that I could get a good play out
of any of the existing materials. Still I was so ùent upon acting the part that
I started for the city, and in less than a week, by industriously ransacking
the theatrical wardrobe establishments for old leather and mildewed cloth,
ana by personally superintending the making of the wigs, each article of my
costume was completed; and all this too before I had written a line of the
play or studied a word of the part.
rrhi::; is working in an opposite direction from all the conventional methods
in the study and elaboration of a dramatic character, and certainly not fol-
lowing the course I would advise anyone to pursue. I merely mention the
out-of-the-way, upside-down manner of going b work as an illustration of
the impatience and enthusiasm with which I entered upon tlw ta:,k. I can
only account for my getting the dress ready before I studied the part to the
vain desire I had of witnessing myself in the glass, decked out and elluipped
as the hero of the Catskills.
I got together the three old printed verÚons of the drama and the story
itself, The plays were all in two acts. I thought it would be an improve-
ment in the drama to arrange it in three, making the scene with the spectre
crew an act by itself. This would separat
the poetical from the domestic side
of the story. But by far the most important alteration was in the inteniew
with the spirit
. In the old -versions they spoke and sang. I remembered
that the effect of this ghostly dialogue was dreadfuUy human. 80 I arranged
that no voice but Rip's should be heard. This is the only act on the stage in
which IJut one person speaks while all the others merely gesticulate, and I
was quite sure that the fo:ilence of the crew would give a lonely and desolate
character to the scene and add to its supernatural weirdness. By this means,
too, a strong contrast with the single voice of Rip wa
obtained by the death-
like stillness of the demons as they glided about the stage in solemn silence.
It required some thought to hit upon just the best questions that could be
answered by a nod and shake of the head, and to arrange that at times even
Rip should prOlJound a query to himself and answer it; but I bad nvai1ed
myself of so much of the old material that in a few days after I had begun
my work it was finished.
In the seclusion of the barn I studied and rehearsed the part, and by the
end of summer I was prepared to transplant it from the rustic realms
f an
old farmhouse to a cosmopolitan audience in the city of 'Washington, where
I opened at Carusi's Hall under the management of John rr. Raymond. I
had gone over the play so thoroughly that each situation was fairly engraved
on my mind. The rehearsals were therefore not tedious to the actors; no
one w'as delayed that I might consider how he or she should be disposed in
the scene. I had by repeated experiment
so saturated lllJself with the action
of the play that a few daYð seemed to perfect the rehearsals. I acted on these
occa
ions with all the point and feeling that I could muster. This a.nswered
1
34-89]
JOSEPH JbP'FERSO_Y,
401
the double purpose of gi,'ing me freedom and of obsen-ing the effect of what
I was doing on the actors. They seemed to be watching me clo:,ely, anLl I
cou1d tell by little nods of approval where and wben the points hit.
I became each day more and more interested in the work; there was Ín the
subject and the part mueh :scope fOl' novel and fanciful treatment. If the
sleep of twenty years was merely incongruou
, therc would be room for argu-
ment pro and con; hut as it is :m impossibility, I felt that thc audicnce
would accept it at once, not because it was au impossiLility, but from a desire
to know in what condition a man's mind would be if such an event coulù
happen, ,,- ould he be thus changed? IIið identity being denied both by
strangers, f,.iends, aud family, would he at last almost accept then-rdict <lud
exclaim, "Then I am deaù, and that is a fact"? This was the strange anù
original attitude of the character that attracted me.
In acting such a part what to do was simplc enough, but what not to do
was the important and difficult point tu determine.
\.s tlw earlier scenes of
the play were of a natural and domestic character, I had only to draw npon
my experience for their effect, or employ such con\eutionaÌ methods as my-
self and others had used before in characters of the same ilk. But from the
moment Rip meets the spirits pf Hendrik Hudson and his crew I felt that
all colloquial dialogue and commonplace pantomime shoulù cease. It is at
this J)oint in the story that the supernatural element begins, and henceforth
the character must be raised from the domestic plane and lifted into the
realms of the ideal.
To be brief, the play was acted with a result that was to me both satisfac-
tory and disappointing. I )vas quite sure that the character was what I had
been seeking, and I wa
equally s:uistìed that the play was not. The actiun
had neither the body nor the strength to carry the hero; the spiritual quality
was there, but the human interest was wanting. The final alterations and
additions were madc five ycars later hy Diùn Boucicault, and win be referreù
to in their place.
DILL\L\.TH' .\.CTIOX.
[F 1"0 In f11e Srl/1/I' . ]
P ER1L\.PS it is well to define, to the non-professional reader, what is
meant by dramatie action, as sometimcs this term is mistaken for pau-
tumime. Pantomime is action, certainlv; but not llecp:;saril\' dramatic ac-
tion, which is the most essential c}cmeJ;t in the con:,tructiOl
of a play, A
drama will often giyc onc no idea of its
trl'ngth in the reading of it: e'.en in
rehearsal it will sometimes fail to reveal its power. I haye un sevcral occa-
sions seen even the author of a play slll'prised at the exhibition of it on its
first representation befure an audience, he himself not being aware that his
work contained the hidden treasure, until the sympathy of the puulic re-
yealed it. Sometimes the point of unexpectcd intcrcst consists in the rela-
tionship betwecn two characters, or the pcculiar cmphasis laid upon a
jngle
VOL. XI.-26
402
JOSEPIl JEFFERSOK.
[18ü4-
9
word that has been spoken in a preyious act. But to illustrate more fully
what I desire to explain, I will take two l1ramatic actions, one from comedy
and the other from trngec1y, to set forth the suhject clearly.
In one of Yictorien Sardou's plays-and this gentleman is perhaps the
most ingenious playwright of our time-the following incident occurs: The
audience are first made fully a"-are tbat a lady in the play uses a certain kiud
of perfunlP. This is done casually, so that they do not suspect that the mat-
ter will again be hrought to their notice. She abstracts some yaluable papers
from a cabinet, and when thevare missed no une can tell who has taken them.
'fhe mystery is inexplica1Jle.
Suspicion falls upon an innocent person. The
audience, whu well know how the matter stands, arc on tenter-hooks of anx-
iety, fearing that the real culprit will not be detected. "
hen this feeling is
at white heat one of the characters finds a piece of paper in the desk and is
attracted to it by the perfume. lie pnts it to his nose, sniffs it, and as a smile
of triumph steals O\
er his face the al1dience, without a word being spoken,
realize th.lt thc thief is detected: Obscrye here, too, the ingcnuity of tbe
dramatist: the audience arc in the sccret with him; they ha,'c seen the
papers stolen; it is no news to them; but when the characters in whom they
are interested become as much enlightened as they are the climax is complete.
For an illustration of this point, as applied to tragedy: After the murder
of Duncan, Jlacbeth, standing with his wife in a dark and gloomy hall, looks
.at his bloody hands and apostrophizes thcm in these terrible words:
,. Will all great Xeptune.s oc:'..n wash this blood
Cle
m from my hand? Xo. this my haml will rather
The lllultitUllinoll
ea
incarnaùine,
"i'lnking the green one red."
Ko\\" there is a silence, and wlwn he is alone there echoes through the castle a
knocking at the gate. The friends of the murdered guest ha\"e come for
bim; and. they thunder at the portals, while the blood-stained host stands as
if stricken down with terror and remorse. It is not the dialogue, as powerful
as it is, which strikes the audience with awc
it ið simply a stage direction of
the great dramatic master-a ., knocking at the frate." It will, I think, be
seen bv these two illustrations that a fluent and imaginative writer may con-
stTnct
plots, create characters, and compose exquisite verse, and yet not suc-
ceeù as a playwrigbt unless he possesses the art or gift of creating dramatic
action.
,
It;34-:;9]
JOBS GEORGE
YICOLA Y AXD JOIlS HA Y.
403
jOlJn George ßícolap ann j 01)11 {Jar.
TIlE DEATH OF LIXCOLX..
[Abraham Lincoln: A History. By Juhn G.. .J..Yicolo.1} ,,"d John Ilay, Pril'flte Sf'CretflrÙs
to tile President. 11)
t)-!IU,]
T HE subject of the discussion which took pJace in the Cabinet on that
last day of Lincoln '8 firm and tolerant rulc has been pre
erved for us in
the notes of )lr. 'f elle
. They wcre written out. it is true, seyen years after-
wards. at a time when Grant was President, seeking reëlection, and when )lr.
'Yellcs had followed Andrew Juhnsun into full felluwship with the Demu-
cratic party. )lakin
" hateyer allGwance j::; due for the changed enyiron-
ment of the writer, we fo:tilJ find his accoullt of the day's cOllycrsation candid
and trustworthy. The sllhj('ct of trade IJetwccn the States was the first that
engaged the attention of the Cabinet. )[ r. Stanton wished it to be carried
on under
omewhat strict lllilitary superyision; 1I1r. 'Yelles was in fayor uf a
more lihcral
ystelll; )lr. :JlcCulJoch, new to thc Treasury, and embarra
ser1
by his graye responsibilities. fayored the abolition of the Tremmry agencies.
and alwye all desired a definite understanding of the purpo::;e of the Go\em-
ment. The President, seeing that in this divergence of ,"iews among men
equall," able and honest thcre lay the be
t chance ùf a judicious arrangement,
appointed the three Secretaries as a eomllli
sion with plenary power to ex-
amine the whole subject. announcing himself as content in aùnmce with
their cunclusions.
The great suùject of the reë-:;ÜJhlislnnent of ci'dl go,"crnment in the South-
ern Statcs was then taken up.
lr. Stanton had, a few days hefore, drawn
up a project for an executiye ordinancp for the prescryation of order and the
rehabilitation of legal proces:,es in the States JateJy in rebeJlion. The Pl'(,
i-
dent, using this sketch a
his text, nut adopting it as a whole, but :-:ayiug that
it was !'uhstantiaUy the result of frequent l1i
cu
:-;ions in the Cabinet, spoke
at FOllle Jength on the (JueRtion of l'econ<.:truction. than which none more im-
}1ortnnt could eyer engage the attention of the Goyernment. It was provi-
dential, he thought, that this matter Fhoul<1 hasc arisen at a time \\ hen it
could he considereJ, so far as the Executhe was COl1cerIll'd, without inter-
fercnce by Congress, If tllf'}" wert> wi
e and tli:-:crect. they should reanimate
the State:; :lIld get their g()\"ernments in
ncce
sfnl operation, ,rith urder pre-
yailing amI the r nion re
stahlishl'(1. hefore Congn'ss came together in De-
cember. The Pn'sidcllt felt so l.illdh. towards the South, he 'was su sure of
thc Cabinet under his guidance, that he was i1l1xiou:; to close the pcriod of
strife without oycrmnch di::5cm::;:ion. He wa:; l,articlllar]y dc:"irou:, to m'oid
the shedding of hlood, or any \"indictiH'ness of punishmeut. He gave plain
notice that morning that he \\(mld han' none of it. ., Xoone need expect he
would take any part in hanging or kilJing the..:e men, (,H'II the worst of them.
Frighten them Oltt of the country, open thl' gates. let down the bar
. scare
them off," said he, throwing up his hancl..: a
if scaring sheep. ,. Enough
Ji\"l's hu\"c Ll'l"u 8acriflcl'd: we must extingui:-:h our rc
cntllll'llts if Wè cxpect
404
JOlLY GEORGE :NICOLL! r A.LYD JOlLY HA. Y.
[1884-89
harmony and union." He deprecatecl the disposition he had seen in some
cpwrtel's to hector and dictate to the people of the South, who were trying to
right themselves, He regretted that snffrage, under proper arrangement,
had not bl'en given to negroes ill Louisiana, hut he held that their constitu-
tion was in the main a good one. He was ayerse to the exercise of arbitrary
110wers by the Executi,"c or by COnf!Tl'Ss. Congress hml the UlHlon Lted rig.ht
to receiye or reject members; the Executi"\e had 110 control in this; Lut the
Executiye could do ycry much to restore order in the Statc8, and their prac-
tical relations with the Goyernment, before Congress ('ame together.
)11', Stanton then read his plan for the temporary military go"\ernment of
the ðtatcs of \?irginia and X orth Carolina. \vhich for this purpose were C0111-
Lined in 011C department. This gaye rise at once to eÜended discussion,
lr.
'YelIes and .Mr. Dennison opposing the scheme of uniting two Stute8 nnder
one government. The President closed the sefsion hy saying the saml' objec-
tion had occurred to him, and by dirf'ctillg )11'. Rtanton to re\ ise t he docu-
ment and report
eparate plans forthe g()\"ernment of the two Htates. III..' did
not wish the autonomy nor the indi,"iùuality of the State
destroyed. lIe
commended the whole subject to the mo
t earnest and careful cUl)s1l1eration
of thc CaLinet; it was to be resumed on the following Tlle:::day; it was, he
said, the great que8tioll pending-they must now begiu to act ill the interei't
of peace.
These were the last words that Lincoln spoke to his Cabinet. ThE-Y dis-
persed with these words of cl('mency a
d good-will in their ears, ne\"er again
to meet under his wise amI benignant chairmanship. He had told them that
morning a strange story, which made some demand upon their faith, ont the
circumstances under which they werl' next to come together were Leyond the
scope of the wildest fancy. The ùay was one of unusual enjoyment to :\1r.
Lincoln. Risson Robert had returned from the field with General Grant, aud
the Presid('}1t spent an hour with the young
oldier in delighted c()n\"er
a-
tion oyer the campaign. lIe denied LimEClf generally to the throng of Yisi-
tors, admitting only a few friends,
Schuyler Colfax, who was contemplating a visit o,"erland to the Pacific,
came to ash. whether the President would rroh
lbly call an extra session of
C01Jgress during the summer. Mr. Lincoln assured him that he had no snch
intention, and gave him a verbal me:-:sage to the mining population of Colo-
rado aud the western slope of the mountains concerning the part thc'}" were
to take in the great conquc:;:ts of peace which were coming. In the afternoon
he went for a long drive with )[rs. Lincoln. His mood, as it lwd been all
clay, wað l:3ingulflrly happy and tcnder. He talhetl much of the pm;t and the
future; after four Jears of trouhle and tumult he looked forward to fonr
years of comparative quiet and normal work: after that he expected to go
back to Illinois and practise law again. IIe was never simpler or geutll'r than
on this day of unprecedented triumph; Ijis heart overflowed with sentiments
of gratitude to Heaven, which took the
hape usual to generons naturei', of
loye and kindness to all men.
From the very oeginning of his Pre
illency )11'. Lincoln had ueen con
tant-
ly
uLject to the threats of his enemies and the warning3 of his friendð. The
1
34-89]
JúHX GEORGE J..7COLA r ..LYD JOlLY HAY.
405
threats came in ev('rv form; his mail was infested with brutal and vulgar
menace, mostlyanon)Tmous, the proper expre
:-;ion of ,Tile and cowardly millll
.
The warning
1\ere not l('s
numerous; the vaporiugs of village bullies, the
extravagance;;: of ('xcited sece
.;ionist politici
m8, ('ven the dr(lIling of practi-
cal jokers, wer(' faithfully r('ported to him hy zealous or nervous friends. Most
of these communications received no notice. In cases whrre there seemed a
ground for inc[uiry it was made, a..; carefully as possible, by the President'8
pri,-ate secretary and by the 'Yar Department, but always without substan-
tial result. 'Yarning:;; that appear('d to be most definite, when they came to
be examined proY<:d too vaguc and confuse(} for further attention, The Pres-
ident was too intelligent not tù know he was in some danger. )Iadmcn fre-
quently mar](' th('ir way to the very door of the Executive otiices amI some-
times into
Ir. Lincoln's presence. lIe had himself so sane a mind, and a
heart so kindly CH'n to hi:, enemies, that it was hard for him to hclieve in a
political hatre(l 80 deadly as to lead to murder. He would sometimes laugh-
ingly Fay. .. Onr friends on the other side would make nothing by exchanging
me for Hanilin/' the Yice-Presiùent having the reputation of more raJical
view;:; than his chief.
He knew indeed that incitements to murder him were not uncommon in
the South. An advertisement had appeared in a paper of Selma, Alabama,
in December, 18G-!, op
ning a subscription for funùs to effect the assas8ina-
tion of Lincoln,
('wan}, and Johnson before the inauguration. There was
more of thið murderous spirit abroad than was suspecte(1. A letter was found
in the tonfederate 4\rchires from one Lieutenant Abton, who wrote to Jef-
fer:':011 Davis immediately nfter Lincoln's reëlection offering to ,. rid his coun-
try of :-'ome of her deadliest enemies by striking at the yery heart's blood of
tho:,c who f.:eek to enchain her in slayery. " This shameless proposal was re-
fen'ed, by .:\11'. Da,-is's direction, to the
ecretary of ,,- ar; and by Judge
Campbell. A:o;:,i:o;tant
ecretary of \Var, was sent to the Confederate
\ù.jntant-
General indorsed" for attention. " ,re call readily imagine what reception
an officer would IHnTc met with who shoul(l hayc laid before )Ir. Lincoln a
scheme to assassinate Jefferf.:on DU\-is. It was the uprightness anù the kind-
liness of his own heart that made him slow to belieye that any such ignoble
fury could flllll a place in the hearts of mell in their righ t minds. Although
he freely discns3ed with the officials about him the pO
:5iuilitios of (]anger, he
always considerell them remote, a
is the habit of mell constitutionally hraye,
and positively refn::;l'd to torment himself ,vith precautions for his own safety.
lIe would sum the mattCl' up by saying that both friends amI
tmngers must
have daily access to him in all manncr of ways and place:;;; his life was there-
fore in reach of any one,
ane or maLl, who "Was rcad v to murdcl' and be hmwcll
for it; that he C01.
I(} not po:-::,:ibl
- gwU'l} against aÙ danger unless he wer
to
shut himself up in an iron hox, in which condition hc could scarC'cly perform
the duties of a President; b} tlw hand of a murderer he could die only once;
to go co!Itinually in fear \\ (lulù he to (}ie on'r and ovcr. lIe therefore went
in and out before the people, alwa
-
unarme(l. generally unattended. He
would rcceive hundreds of v
itor.: in a da
-, his breast barc to pistol or h.nife.
lIe would walk at midnif!ht. "ith a
ingle
ecretaryoralone, from the Execu-
40G
JOH
V GEORGE .NICOLAY AND JOHJ..'l HAY.
[lR34-89
tive
Iansion to the \\ ar Department, and back. He would ride through the
lonely roads of an uninhabited suburb from the 'Yhite House to the Soldiers'
Home in the dusk of evening, and returll to his work in the morning before
the town was astir. He was greatly annoyed when, late in the war, it was de-
cided that there must be a gual'll stationed at the Executi"e )Iansion, amI
that a squad of cavalry must accompany him on his daily ride; but he was
alwaJð reasonable and yielded to the best judgment of others.
Four years of threats and boastings, of alarms that were not..founded, and
of plots that came to nothing, thus passed away; but precisely at the time
when the triumph of the nation over the long insurrection
eemed as:-.ured,
and a feeling of peace.and security was diffused over the country, one of the
con
piracies, not seemingly more important than the man)' aborti,'e ones,
ripened in the suùden heat of hatred and llespair.
\.little Land of malign<mt
secessionists, con:Ústing of John "
ilkes Booth, an actor, of a famous family
of players, Lewis Powell, alias Payne, a disbanded rebel soldier from Florida,
GeOl.ge Atzerodt, formerly a coachmaker, but more recently a spy and block-
al1e runner of the Potomac. David E. Herold. a young druggist's clerk, Sam-
uel ...\.rnold and )Iichael O'Laughlin, )Iar,yland secessionists and Confederate
soldier::;, and John II. Surratt, had their ordinary rendezvous at the house of
)lrs. )lary E, Surratt, the widowed mother of the last named, formerly a
woman of some property in )Iaryland, but reduced by reverses to keeping a
small boarding-house in "
ashington. Booth was the leader of the little co-
terie. He was a young man of twenty
ix, strikingly handsome, with a pale
olive face, dark eyes. and that case and grace of manner which came to him
of right from his theatrical anCf'stors. He had played for several season8
with only indifferent Sllccess; his yalne as an actor lay rather in his romantic
beauty of person than in any talent 01" industry he possessed. He was a fanat-
ical secessionist; had assisted at the capture and execution of John Brown,
and h<H1 imbibed, at Richmond and other Southern cities where he lUll I
play-ed, a furious spirit uf partisanship against Lincoin and the Union party.
After the reëlection of )11'. Lincoln, which rang the knell of the ini'urrecti,m,
Booth, like many of the seeessionist::; Xorth and South, was ðtnng: to the
quick h) disappointmcnt. He vi
ited Canada, conwrtf'd with the rcbel emis-
saries there, and at last-whether or not at their instig"ation cannot certainly
be said-conceived a scheme to capture the Prcsident and take him to Rich-
mond. He spent a great part of the autumn and winter inducing a slllall
number of luose fish of secession sympathies to join him in this fantastic en-
terprise. He seemeù always well supplied with money, and talked largely of
hið speculations ill oil as a sonrce of income; hnt his agent afterwards te:-:ti-
fied that he nC\
er realized a dollar from that suurce; that his itl\
estment
.
which werc inconsiderable, were a total loss. The winter passed awa.y and
nothing was accomplished. On the 4th of )Iarch, Buoth was at the Capitol
and created a rlisturbance by trying to force his way through the line of police-
men who guarded the passage through which the President walked to the
ea:-:t front of the building. Hið intentioll::! at this time arc not known; he
afterwards said he lost an excellent chance of k,illing the President that day.
There arc illllicatiolls in the eviùence given on the trial of the cunspirators
1
:14-tJU J
JOH
V GEORGE _VICUL
lY
LVD JOlLY H
lY.
407
that they suffered some great disappointment in their schemes in the latter
part of Jlurch, and a letter from Arnold to Booth, dateù )Iarch 27, showed
that some of them had grown timid of the consequences of their contemplated
enterprise and were ready to give it up. IlL' advised Booth, before going fur-
ther, "to go mIll
ee how it will be taken in R-Ü. " But timid as theYlllight
be by nature, the whole group was FO completely under the ascclldency of
Booth that they did not dare di::;obey him when in hi
presence: and after
the surrender of Lee, in an acceS8 of malice and rage which was akin to mad-
ness, he caned them together and a:;;signed each his part in the new crime, the
purpose of which had arisen .suddenly ill his mind out of the ruins of the
ahandoned abduction scheme. Thi
plan was as brief and simple as it "as
horrihle, Powell, alia
Payne, the stalwart, brutal, simple-minded boy from
Florida, was to murder Sewanl; Atzerodt, the comic villain of the L1rama,
was a::;sig:ued to remove Andrew Johnson; Booth reser'
ed for himself the
most difficult and most conspicuous role of the tragedy; it was Herold's duty
to attend him as a page and aid in hi
escape. )Iinor parts were aS8igned to
stage-carpenter
and other hangers-oil, who probably did not umlerstallll
what it all meant. Herold, Atzerodt, and Surratt had previously deposited
at a tavern at Surrattsville, )IarylalHl, owned by
Irs. Surratt, but kept by a
lllan named Lloyù, a quantity of ropes, carhines, ammunition, and whiskey,
which were to be used in the abduction ;;cheme. On the 11th of .J.\.pril )lrs.
Surratt, heing at the tavern, told Lloyd to have the shooting-irons in readi-
nes:-:, and on Friday, the 14th, again visited the place amI told him they
would probably be called for that night.
The preparations for the final blow were made with feverish haste: it was
only about noon of the 14th that Booth learned the President was to go to
Ford's Theatre that night. It has always been a. matter of surprise in Europe
that he should have heen at a place of amusement on Good Friday; but
the day was not kept sacred in
\meriea, exc('pt by the mem hers of certain
churehef;, It was not. throughout the country, a day of religious OhSel'nlllce.
The President was fond of the theatre; it was one of his few means of recre-
ation. It was natural enough that, on this day of profound national thanks-
gi,
ing, he should take adnmtage of a few hours' relaxation to see a comedy.
Besides, the town was thronged with soldicrs and officers, all eager to 8ee
him: it was represented to him th
lt appearing occa::5ional1y in public would
gratify many people whom hc could not otherwise meet. )[1'8. Lincoln had
a::;ked Gcneral aud )Irs. Grant to accompany hcr; they had aecepted, and the
announcement that they wouM Le present was maùe as an ad '
erti:-::el1lent in
the e,-ening papers; but they changed their mÏlHls anll went north by an after-
noon train. )[rs. Lincoln then invited in their stend )[i:-:s Harris and )[ajor
I:athbone, thc daughter and the step
on of Senator Harris. The President's
carriage called for theðe young people, allfl the four went tl)gether to the the-
atre. The President had been detained by visitors, and the play ha(lmade
some progress when he arrived. "
hen he appeared in his box the hana struck
up .. IIail to the Chief," the actor
ceased playing, and the :ulllience rose,
cheering tumultuously; the Presidet\t Lowed in acknuwledgment of this
greeting and the play went on.
408
JOH
Y GEORGE NICOLAY A
Y.D JOE.Y liAY.
[1
34-S9
From the moment Booth ascertained the President's intention to attend
the theatre in the evening his e\ery action was alert anù energeti
. He and
his confederates, Herold, Surratt, and Atzerodt, were seen on horseback in
every part of the citJ. He had a hurried conference ,vith :\Irs. Surratt before
she started for LloJù's tavern. He intrusted to an actor Hamed )Iatthews a
carefully prepared statement of his reasons for committing the murder,
whieh he charged him to give to the publisher of the "
ational Intelligen-
eel'," but which
Iatthews, in the terror amI dismay of the night, btUIH:'d with-
out showing to anyone. Booth was perfectly at home in Ford's Theatre,
where he was greatly liked by all the employees, without other reason than
the sufficient one of his yuUtll and gooLllooks. Either by himself or with the
aid of his friends he arranged his whole plan of attach. and e
cape during the
afterlloon. He coullted upon addreðs and audacity to gain aceei'S to the small
passage behind the Preði(lent's box; ollce there, he guarded against interfer-
ence hy an arrangenwnt uf a wouden bar to be fastened hya simple mortise in
the angle of the wall HllIl the door by which he entered, so that the door could
not be opelleù from withont. lIe even provided for the contingency of not
gaining entrance to the hox by horing a hole in its door, through which he
might either observe the occnpants or take aim and shoot. lIe hired at a liv-
cry stable a small, fleet horse, which he showed with pride during the day to
harkeepers and loafers among hi
friends.
The moon rose that night at tell o'clock. A few minutes before that hour
he callpd one of the underlings of the theatre to the back door and left him
there hohling his horse. He then went t'h a saloon near by, took a drink of
brandy, and, entering the theatre, passed rapidly through the crowd in rear
of the dress-circle and made his way to tlH' passage leading to the President's
box. He showed a card to a servant in attendance and was allowed to pass in.
He entered noiselessly, anù, turning, fastened the door with the bar he had
predonsly made ready, without disturbing allY of the occupants of the box,
bC'bveen whom and himself there yet remained the slight partition and the
door through which he had bored the hole. Their eyes were fixed upon the
stage: thc play was" Our
\.mericall Cousin," the original ,-ersion by Tom
Tay.lur, before Suthern had made a new work of it by his elaboration of the
part of Dllnrlreary. 1\0 onC', not e\-en the comedian on the stage, eou]ù
cyer remember the la:o:t words of the piece that were uttC'red that night-the
last .Abraham Lincoln heard UPUll earth. The whole performance remain.s
in the memury of those who heard it a vague phantasmagoria, the actors the
thinnest of spectres. The uwful tragedy in the box makes everything c)se
seem pale and ullreal. Here were five human beings in a narrow space-the
greatest man of hið time, in the glory of the most stupendous succe
s in onr
history, the iùolized chief of a nation alreaùy mighty, with illimitable vistas
of grandeur to come; his belovecl wife, proud and happy; a pair of betrothed
lovers, with all the promi:-:e of felicity that youth, social position, and wealth
could gi ve them: and this young actor, handsome as Endymion upon Lat-
mos, the pet of his little world. The glitter of fame, happiness, and case was
upon the entire group, but in an instant everything was to be changed with
the blinding swiftness of enchantment. Quick death was to come 011 the een-
1
3-!-89]
JOILY GEORGE ..:.YICOLAY AXD JOILY HAY.
409
trul figure of that company-the central figure, we believe, of the great and
guod men of the century. Over an the rest the vlackest fates hovered mena-
cingly-fates from which a mother might pray that kinJ.ly death would
a"e
her children in their infancy, One W.1:5 to wander with the stain of murder
on his soul, with the curses of a worM upon his name, with a price set upon
his head. in frightful physical pain, tiB he died a dug's death in a burning
barn; the strickell wife was to pass the re'
t of her days in melancholy and
maùness; of those two youug lovers, one was to slay the other, anJ. then end
his life a raving maniac.
The' murderer scemed to himself to be taking part in a play. The fumes
of orand}' and partisan hate had for weeks kept hi:-; brain in a morbid state.
lIe felt as if he were playing ßrutus off the voanls; he posed, expecting ap-
plause. Rohling a pistol in one hand and a knife in the other, he opened the
box door, put the pistul tu the Presidel1t's head, and fireù; dropping the
weapon, he took the knife in hi::; right hand, and" hen )Iajor Rathbone
prang to seize him he struck :-;avagely at him.
lajor Rathbone received the
blow on his left arm, suffering a wide and deep wound. Booth, rUðhing for-
ward, then placed his left hand un the railing of the bux and vaulted lightly
over to the stage. It was a high leap, but nothing to such a trained athlete.
He wa:-; in the hahit of introùucing what actors call seusationalleal'::; in his
plays. In" 11achcth. .. where he met the weird8istcrs, he leaped from a rock
twelve feet high, He would have got safely away but for his spur catching
in the folds of the Union flag with which the front of the box was draped.
He fell on the
t:lge. the torn flag trailing 011 hi
spur, but instantly rOðe as if
he had received no hurt, thongh in fact the fall ha<l broken his leg, turned to
the audience, brandishing his dripping knife and shouting the State motto
of Yirginia, "ó'ic Semper Tyraunis," and fled rapidly acruss the sta
e and
out of sight. )Iajor Rathbone had shouted, ., Stop him! .. rrhe cry went out,
" He has shot the President." From the audienee, at first stupid with sur-
prise and afterwards wild with excitement and horror, two or three men
jumped upon the stage in pursuit of the fl.,-ing assas::;in; but he ran through
the familiar pas:::,age:" leaped upon hiH hurðe, which was in waiting in the
alley behind, rewa1'lled with a kick and a Cl1J'se the call-boy who had held
him, aud roùe rapidly away 1n thc light of the just risen moon.
The President scarcely moved: hið hc>ad drooped forward slightly, his
eyes closed. )Iajur Rathbune, at first not regarding his own grievous hurt,
rushed to the door of the box to summon aid. IIe fuund it barreJ., and on
the outsiùe some one was beating and clamoring for entrance. He opened the
door; a young officer named Crawford entered: one or two army sur
eons
soon folluwed, who hastily examined the wounù. It wa::; at once seen to be
mortal. It 'V3S afterward
ascertained that a large derringer bullet had en-
tel'eel the back of the head on the left
ide, awl, passing through the hrain,
hac1lodged just behind the left eye. By direction uf Rathhonc 31Hl Crawford,
the President wa:5 carried to a house acrO:5S the street and laiù upon a bed in
a small room at the rear of the hall, on the gruund fluor, )11'::-:, Lincoln fol-
lowed, half di::;tracted, tenderly cared fur Ly )Iiss Harris, Hath bonl
, cx-
hau:-;ted by 10:55 of bluul1, fainted, aud was carried home, )les
l'ngers \\ ere
410
lHEODORE BACo.N.
[1834-89
sent for the members of the Cabinet, for the Surgeon-General, for Dr. Stone,
the President's family physician; a crowd of people rushed instinctively to
the "
hite House and, bursting through the doors, shouted the dreadful news
to Robert Lincoln and
lajor Hay, who sat gossiping in an upper room. They
ran dowlJstair!'. Finding <t carriage at the door, they entered it to go to Tenth
street. .As they were driving away, a friend came up and told them that
Ir.
Seward and most of the Cabinet had been murdered. The news was all so
improbahle that they cuuld not help hoping it wasall untrue. But when they
got to Tenth street anll found e\"ery thoroughfare blocked by the swiftly
gathering thou
ands, agitated by tumultuous excitement, they were pre-
pared for the won;t. In a few minutes all who had been
ent fur, and many
others, were gathered in the little chamber where the Chief of the State lay
in his agony. His son was met at the door by Dr. Stone, who with grave ten-
derness informed him that there wa;, no hope. After a natural outhurst of
grief young Lincoln devoted himself the rest uf the night to soothing and
comforting his mother.
The President had been shot a few minutes past ten. The wound would
have brought instant death to most men, but his vital tenacity was extraol'-
dinan'. He was, of coursc, nnconscious from the first moment; but he
breathed with slow and regular respiration throughout the night. As the
dawn came, and the lamplight grew pale in the fresher beams, his pulse be-
gan to fail; but his face even then was scarcely more haggard than those ot
the borrowing group of statesmen and generals around him. His automatic
moaning. which had continued through the night, ceased; a look of unspcak-
ahle peace came upon his worn features. At twenty-two minutes after seven
he died. Shnton broke the silence by saying, "Now he belongs tothe ages.
'
Dr, Gurley kneeled by the bedside and prayed fen"ently. The widow came in
from the adjoining room supported by her son and cast herself with loud out-
cry on the dead body.
l)conorc '"Bacon.
BOH
in Xcw Haven, Conn., 1834.
}IISS BACOX'::; THEORY OF THE SIL\.KESPEARL\
PLAYS.
[Delia Bncon: a Biographical Sketch. 188S.]
S TUDYIXG and teaching for many years not IDl;rely the history of events,
but the history and criticism of literature, it is not strange that the
strongly English mind of this New England woman uecau1P gradually fixed
upon tbe greatest work of English letters, the drama of the Elizabethan and
Jacobean age. So complete, inrleed, \Va::; the spell of fa5cination under which
he fell in the stwly especially of the plays which hear the name of Shake-
speare, that after the beginning of 1853 she could no longer endure the bur-
ùen of her hi
toricallessons, in which she seemcd to have achieved a perma-
1
3-l-t:ü]
THEODORE B_ICO
V.
411
nent success, sure to bring her, if only she should continue them, prosperity
and creùit.
To whom it first occurred to doulJt the title of "
illiam Shakespeare to the
authorship of the plays commonly bearing his name is a question which will
not bo mnch discussed in this sketch.
)lallY readers, indeed, from the time when criticism began a century and
a half ago, found themse1ws confronted with difficulties elsewhere unknown.
The personality of this llramatist glowed through his work with a forco and
brightness found nowhere else in literature. It seemed, indeed, a multiplied
personality. There was iu it not only marvellous insight, but exquisite culti-
nttion and refinement, profoulldlearning, and a practical knowledge of men,
of tho world, and of affairs such as all men woro apt to say had never before
been joinod in anyone man. 'fhen Coleridge ealleLl him the ,. myriad-
minded, " he simply }Jut into a felicitous phrase what all men had long been
thinking. )Ismy, indeed, had declared their wonder that anyone mind could
prodnce creations so diverse in character as ,. Julius Cæ:;:ar" and ., The )ler-
ry ,ri,-es of Windsor," as ,. The Comedy of Errors" and a )Iacheth." In
genoral, howe,er, a single student woulù content himself with a demonstra-
tion which, alone, might have served to sohe the difficulty found hyevery
one, Imt which, when invohed with like demoustrations by others, only mul-
tiplied perplexity. To prove from the plays that their author must have been
a lawyer, as Lord CampueU did, was far from difficult, and would lut\-e been
very helpful if the demonstration had stood alone. True, there was no his-
torical record of Shakespeare's eyer lUl\-ing seen a law-book, a court-room, or
a lawyer's chambers; amI there was some trouble in imagining how the play-
actor and theatre-manager, who was writing immortal dramas before ho was
thirty, and died, aftrr voluminous authorship, at fifty-two, could ha'-e ac-
quiretl what Lorù Campbell calls" the familiar, profound, and accurate
knowledge he displayed of jurillical principles and practice." It was only
making a wonder more wonderful, however; and the new wonder was estab-
lished hy demonstration, and by the authority of a great lawyer's name, But
when the eminent Dr. Bucknill, not controverting the argument of Lord
Campbell. proved as clcm.l
- that
hakespeare "had paiù an amount of atten-
tion to suhjects of medical interest scarcrly if at all infrrior to that which
has scn-ed as the basis '. of the proposition that he "had doyotell sc\-en good
years of his life to tho practico of law, " ho hindered rather than helped to
understand the real life of the dramatiRt. So when anotherprm es that in the
few years hefore the playwriting hrgan the poet, so wen yersed wa:-; he in
warfarr, must have served a campaign ortwoin tho Low Countries; another,
that he must lun-e uecn a Homan Catholic ill religion, while another shows
him to have been necessarily a Puritan; another, that his prodigiou:-; wealth of
allusions to awl phrases from the theJl nntranslatrd Greek aud Latin authors
pro\"cs his hroad and deep erudition: thc understanding consents to one
demonstration after another, but may possibly be staggered if called to accept
them an together. It might wen be that weak souls, invited to belieyc so
much of one man, sougÌlt refuge and repose in refusing to helieve even what
would not otherwise ha,"e overta"\:cd credulity.
412
THEODORE BACOS.
[lb34-89
There were other things, besides, that had seemed strange in the relations
of this man to these plays. 1\0 word or hint seems ever to have escaped him
to show that he cared fur, or even owned, the miraculous offspring which had
fallen from him. There is no word or syllable in all the world to indicate
that the nlall whose multifarious learning is the wonder of the third century
after him eyer owned a lJOok, or eve!' saw one, altho!lgh he brought together
and left behind him a fair estate. :x or is there to be found in all the world
of this profuse and voluminous author, of this bosom-friend of poets and
printers atHl actors, so much as the scratch of a pen on paper, except the
three signatures upon his 'rill, wherein, by an interlineation which shows
that he had at first overlooked the wife of his boyhood, he leaves her his
"second-bc
t bed." Yet of his less famous contemporaries there are auto-
g:raph manuscripts in abundance. Even of his forerunners by centuries
there are extant writings infinitely more plenty than the scanty subscriptions
to a legal instrument. Pctrarch died two centurie;-; and a half, Dante three
centuries, before him; yet thc manuscripts of both abound, while of him who
wa::; greater than either, and was almost of Ollr own time, there is nothing but
the mean and sordid "
ill to show that he ever put pl
n to paper.
Eut while the ditticulty of fixing the canon of the Shakespeare text had
long been such as to involve thc autllOrship of every part of the text in more
or less doubt; while all mcn had wondered that so little shouhl he known of
the actual man Shakespeare, and that what little was known should be so far
rem ute from any ideal one could form of hc author bearing the name: so that
Coleridge should exclaim: ,. _\.re we to have miracles in sport? Does God
chouse idiots by whom to convey di"Íne truths to men?" and Emerson: "I
cannot marry this fact to his verse. Other admirable men Lave leclli,'es in
some sort of keeping with their thought; but this man, in wide contrast" ;
yet avowed disbelief went commonl" no further. Once, it is true, tLere was
; public assertion that Shakespeare'
alleged authorship was impossible. In
18-!R there was published hy the H:lrpers, in .Kew York, a light and chatty
account of a ,'oyage to Spain, entitled "The Romance of Yachting," by
Joseph C. Hart. The incidents of tLe voyage are interspersed with di
cus-
sions altogether foreign to it; anù upon a trivial pretext the authorship of
the plays is considered, with no small acuteness and vigor, upun the pages
from 208 to 24-3. It is summarized. however, ina few uf the earlier sentences:
"He was not the mate of the literary characters of the dav, and none knew it
better than himself. It is a fraud uj10n the world to thl'l
st his surreptitious
fame upon us, He had none thaOt was worthy of being trausmitted. rrlw in-
quiry will be, 'lVllO 'll'ere the able literary men u'lw u'1"ote the dramas imputed
fo him? The plays themselves, or rather a small portion of them, wilJ Ii, e as
long as English literature is regarded worth pursuit. The authorsldp of the
plays is no otherwise material to us than as a matter of curio
it.Y, and to en-
a ble us to re11l1er exact justice; uut they should. nut be assigncd to Shake-
speare alone, if at all. .,
If there be any merit, therefore, in h:n'ing been the first to doubt tllis au-
thor:;hip, it cannot be awarùed to Delia I3acon. There is nu reason, howcyer,
to believe that the speculations which Lave just Lecn (iuuted evcr came to her
1
;H-89]
THEODORE BACO.1..Y.
413
knowledge. The ideas, or fancies, which soon after this possessed her, were,
a..; she profoundly believed, her own discovery-indeed, she would rather
have said, a revelation direct to her.
Hevelation, discm-ery, or fancy, however.-whate,"er it was, an utterly
subordinate' part of it all, though an essential part, was that which concerned
mcrely the authorship of the plays. If they were ind.eed, as they had been
commonly receiH
d, a casual collcction of stage-plays. knocked together by a
money-making play-actor, playwright, and. theat re-manager for the money
thcre wa::; in them and to be got out of them. it was a trivial question by what
name the playwright FllOllld be called; it shon]<.1 not tax credulity to " marry
this fact to his verst:'. .. 110we\"cr fine the verse might he, if they were nothing
more than \"erse, But to her, studying the plays with a keennc
s of natural
insight [mIl a hurning intensity which have not often been applied to them,
much more than splf'ndid poesy began to gleam within them. Finding in
them a higher philosophy, en'll, than in the " Adnmcement of Learning, "
a broader statesmanship, a profounder jllri15pruclcnce, and, above all, a bold-
er courage than in all the avowed writings of the great Chancellor, she only
obeyed the teachings of that Inùucti,-e System which he had expounded, in
seeking an adequate authorship for so magnificent a creation, But that all
the::,e things wcre III the plays-this was the main fact that concerned her;
this was what !:;he cared to discoverf1rstfor herself, and then to communicate
to the world, If indeed she found them there, it could not but follow, as the
night thr day, that some better paternity must be admitted fur the plaY8
than that of Lord Leicrstcr's groom,
K or was it enough for hrr to discover bits and gleams of philosophy and
political science in the plays, howeyer frequent or brilliant. To her eager in-
quiry they came to be re\"ealed at last, not as fortuitously collected though
mutually unrelated plays, but as an entire dramatic system, in which the
Kew Philosophy was to be inculcated in unsuspicious mindg, under the vehe-
mcnt dcspoti
m of the lai5t Tudor and the dull pedantic oppression of the
first Stuart. If the plays were rcally such a system of philosophic teaching,
not only was it difficult to accept the competency for it of the :-'tratfonl
poacher and London horse-boy: it was hardly k
s trying to credulity to im-
pute so va:-:t an enterprise, added to all the gigantic intellectuallahors whicu
he avoweù, ryen to the greatest Englishman of his age.
he judged. there-
fore, that as there had been collaboration uefore and since in literary work,
so here the most hrilliant and philosophic minds of the Elizabethan Court
coöperated in the work which was too great for one, and consented together,
for thcir common safet)", to the imputation of their united work to the the:t-
tre-manager who Lrought out tbe plays, and whose property they were ue-
cause they had been given to him.
Rl'a
OllS why these courtiers and politicians-Bacon. Raleigh, Spenser, and
'whatever others made up the illustrious coterie-
houhlnot have wished to
acknowledge the work of which they might well have boasted, were not far
to seck. It comported ill with dignity of rank and place to he known as a
writer of play
: but to be known to ::;uch a queen as Elizabeth, or to such a
king as James, as author of such plays as 0, Coriolanus" or" Julius Cæsar"
414
L r
1fA
V ABEO TT.
11834-89
-the eager ambition of Bacon would have been quenched by it long before
the day when his office was wanted for Williams; upon Raleigh, living for
fifteen years under his unexecuted death sentence, the headsman's axe would
have fallen earlier than it did.
But while Delia Bacon thoroughly believed that such a worthy coterie,
and not the unworthy player, produced the Elizabethan drama, and hid in it
the philosophy which it would have been fatal to publish openly; and 'while
she was no less sure that in some cryptic form there was truth involved in
these works which was
'et to be surrendered to faithful and intelligent study,
it is scant justice to her memory to say, that, as the mere authorship of the
plays was to her hut a smalllmrt of the truth concerning them, so she never
devoted herself tu whims or fancies about capital letters, or irregular pagina-
tion, ur acrostics, or anagram", as concealing yet expressing the great rhilos-
ophy which the plays enclosed. Her mind, it now appears, was already Q\-er-
wrought; hefore many months it gaT"e way completely; but its unsoundness,
whenever it may have Legun, never assumed that form,
[. rt1tan
bbott.
See, also, Yolume IX., P::Fe 31ì, of this Work.
TIlE LIBEIL\.L ORTIIODuXY OF TO-DAY.
[From his Sfrdnnnd of Belirf. b(fore fhe Council of Clergymen ond Loymen assembled
fo l1Istall him Wi Pal40r of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. .;..Y. r., 16 January, It:)!)O.]
I Y faith in God rests on my faith in Christ as God manifest in the flesh
J-' -not as God and man, Lut as God in man. It is true that the argu-
ment for a Creator from the creation is hy modern sciences modified only to
be strengthened. The doctrine of a
Teat first cause gives place tu the doc-
trine of an eternal and perpetual cau
e
the carpenter conception of creation
to the doctrine of the di,-ine immanence; the Latin notion of all anthropo-
morphic Jupiter, renamed Jehorah, made to dwell in sOllie hright particular
star and holding telephonic COllllllunication with the spheres hy means of
invisible wires which sometimes fail to work, dies, and the old Hebrew con-
ception of a Divinity which inhahiteth eternity, and yet dwclls in the heart
of the contrite and the humhle, takes its phlCC. But the theological argu-
ment is strengthened, not ,reakencll, hy the doctrine of evolution; creation
is more, not less, crcation hecaul'c it is the thought, not the mere handiwork,
of God. It is not possihle eren to F:tate the doctrine of an atheist crL'ation
without l1
ing the language of theism in the statement. But the heart finds
no refuge in an Infinite or an Eternal Energy frolll which all things proceed.
That refuge is found only in the faith that God has entereù a human life,
taken the helm, ruled heart and hand and tougue, written ill term:;:: of human
experience the biography of God in histury, rerealeJ. in the teaching of
1 t'34-S9 J
L Y
JIA-,-Y ABBú IT.
415
Christ the truth of God, in the life of Christ the righteousness of God, in
the Passion of Christ the suffering of God.
)ly eschatology is all summed up in one faith: Christ shall come to judge
the world. The dogma of the decisive nature of this world's probation for
every man I repudiate as unscriptural. The hypothesi8 that Christ will be
presented in another life to all ,,"ho have not known Him here 1ùo 1I0taccept,
for lack of e,"idence to support it. I cannot offer to any man a hope of future
repentance, whether this side or the other of thc grave. But I refuse to be-
lieve that the accident of death tnmsmuteð Goù's mercy into wrath anù
makes repentance impcssible and so closes the door of hope upon the soul
fore'"er. '''hat lllay be the resources of God's mercy in the future I do not
know, and shrink from the ùogmati
m which attempts to define them. The
most awful fact of human life is the power of the human soul to accept God
or reject Him a::; it will. ,rhat God may do in the future to o'"ercome the
choice of evil I do not know; hut I am Hue that He will neyer violate the
sacrcd freeùom of the soul Hncl so destroy man in seeming to s::n"e him. :md
neycr attach othc.r thnn darkness and death to persistent sin. But r am not
le:,s sure thut " His mcrcyendureth forever:' and that no soul will be left
in the outer darkne
s which that mercy can call into light; that the end of
Christ's redeeming work comes not until He delivers up the kingdom to God
and the Father, hi.IS all things put under His feet, and is Himself suhject
unto Him that put all things under Him that God may be all in all: and that
when tllat glad day comes, the song of rejoicing will rise from every creature
in heaven, and on the earth, and under the earth, and such a:; are in the sea.
lf there are then any,"oices not joining ill that choral uf redeeming love, I
1Jelie,"e it will be l)ccause they are silent in that second death from which
therc i
no resurrection. Enclles
consciouð sin I do not believe in. I coulù
endure the thonght of endles
snffering, uut not of sin growing e"er (lerper,
darker, more awful. It has grown to me unthinkable: I believe it is unscript-
ural. For my eoncep
ion of sin depends al!=:o upon and has grown out of my
faith in and lo,"e for Chri
t. That conviction of sin which I in vain ende
l\"-
ored artificially to evoke in my childhood's days has gruwn unsllmmoned in
my heart. When 1 joined the church a good elder asked me what I thought
of sin in con ncction with the Lord J csus Christ. I did not know that it had
any connection with the Lord Jesll8 Christ, and I did not UlH.lerstallLl his
question, and told him so. I under:-:tand it now. "Then I think how
in de-
ranges and destroys such a nature a
Christ hus made illustrious, that it is
sin
f[ainst :-l1ch a Ìo\e as He ha:; manifested, that it estranges and :-:eparatc.s
fr0111
uch a God a!=: lIe reveals, Sill
eems to me a more awful penalty than
any which can he infEcted because of it, and to sa\"e from SÏ11 all infinitely
diviner work than to save from any consequences which it may invoh
,
natural or inflieted, here or hereafter. The motive of m
personal life, the
inspiration of m,- l'hri
tian activity, is not fear of pain and penalties, but
horror for
in antllove for Christ.
On my faith in Chri::;t rests also my faith in the Bible. The Bihle is the
casket which contains the image of my Lord-that is enough; whether it he
lead or silver or golLl is matter of minor concern. There arc modern writers
416
L YJlAN .ABBOTT.
. [1:::34-89
on law that may be as valuable a::;
[oses; there are poems of Browning and
TeIlllyson and our own 'Yhittier which are far more pervaded with the
Christlike spirit tha.n some in the Hebrew Psalmody. But there is no life
like the life of Christ; and the law and the prophets ;lre sacred because they
puint tu and prepare for Ilirn ; and the gospels sacred because they tell the
story of His incomparable life; and. the epistles sacred because they interpret
that life as coutinuous ill the experience of His church. The BiLle is Ul1Ï(lue
and incomparable in literature, because it is the historv of the rcvelatiun of
God in human experience, beginning with the declaration that God made
man in His own image, Lringillg" out in law, history, drama, poetry, proph-
ccy, that di \"ine image more anù more clearly, until it reache
its consumma-
tion in thc portrait of Him wbo was the express image of God's person and
tbr hrightnc::;s of His glury.
o my faith in the miracles rests also on my faith in Christ-IIe himself a
greater miraclc by far than any attributcd to Him. That beneficent power
should have flashed from such a Christ, that death should be powerless to
hold such a Chrif't in the grave, that angels should have unnouncrù His com-
ing and proclaimed His re
nrrection-all this seems to me natural and easy
to believe: as ensy to believe in these scintillations of divinity from the Per-
SOIl of Christ as to believe in scintillations of grnius from a
hakespeare or a
Dante. I accept the Christian miracles as ndequately attcsted by com pcten t
witnesses. I count the resurrection of Jesus Christ as the best attested fact
of ancient history, itself attesting His (vvinity and inaugurating that life of
His in His church which carries on to its consummation the kingdom of
God. But my faith in Christ rests not on the miracles, but on Christ Him-
self, E,en as lIe wrought them He declared them to be but inferior evi-
dences of His divinity. Their subordinate importallce is clearer than c\'er,
now that they arc no longer wonders which we witne
;;:, but the histories of
wonders witnessed by others. To belic\'e in Christ-that the Fathcr i8 in
Him anù He is in th
Father-this is Christian faith, The spirit which in
the moderll church ha
somrtimes sought to found Christian faith on Rigns
amI wonders appears to me to Le almost as mllch one of unbelief as t he spirit
which outside the church denies the miraculous altogether. Miracles are
witnesses to divinity, revelation i::; the ullveiliug of divinity, but Christ is
Himself Diyinity, and he who accepts Christ-who lon's Him, reverences
HIm, oh('ys IIim, follows Him, lives to be like Him-is Chri;;:t's disciple,
huwcver illogical may seem to me to be his philosophy about natural ami
l'e\"ealed religion, about nature and the sllpernatnral. .My faith in imlllor-
tality al:::o rests upon ChriEt-upon His word, His resurrection. l'am com-
ing to distrust aU merc philosophi('ul argumenb for personal immortality
and to rely npon one who professed to he a witness, to testify to the thiugs
which He had
een and heard, to ha\e come from God and to he going to
God, \rben He tenderly appeals to me, ,. Ye Lelieve in God, believe also in
me," my heart responds, " I du he1ie,e," and what He says I accept, because
He is a faithful and true witness.
On this and on e,eryother spil'itual theme I more and more distrust the
yaunted H scientific method" and more alIll more rcst upon persoual faith in
1834-89]
LYJLLV ABBOTT.
417
the Christ of God, bearing a witness confirmed by the experience of God in
my own soul. And I more and more incline to iJeliefe that immortality is
not the universal attribute of humanity-that God alone hath immortality;
and we have it on}\" as here or hereafter we are made partakers of the di,'ine
nature. It can ha
dl'y be necessary to add that my hope for m}-self and for
the world rests on Christ; tbat is, on the helpfulneðs of God as manifestel!
in Christ. The two theories of life which seem to me to be contending in
our age are esscntially tbe same which have been contending e"er since the
clays of Paul-the Pagan and the Christian. Pagan philo80phy allows man
no higher faculty than the senses and the reason; Christian philosophyen-
dows him with a mystic sense which perceí,res the invisible. Pagan philoso-
phy casts him on his own resources, if it ùocs not deny him even free will and.
make him the creature of the forces which en,-iron him. Christianity be-
lím-es in the power of Infinite Love above, which is (lrawing humanity to
itself. In the Pagan philosophy there is no room for revelation, miracles,
atonement, regeneration, divinity of Christ, presence of the Holy Spirit,
prayer. Granted the Christian })Qstnlate-a God in Christ drawing the
world to Himself-and revelation or the ull,"eiling of God, miracles or wit-
nesses to Goù, atonement or reconciliation to God, rf'generation or the be-
ginning of the life of God in the soul of man, the Holy Spirit or the presence
of God with men, prayer or the communion of men with God-all follow.
The Christian faith is my faith; and because I believe that therc is in it a
hope for every form of human despair, I ha,e gi,'cn my life to its proclama-
tion. Redem ptiun is not, to my thonght. a mHe recovery of man from a fall
and his restoration to a primal !-:tate of innocence. It is the development of
the indivirlual Ronl, and so of the racc, from ehildhood's innocence, through
fall, temptation, sin, and gracc, to a divine and manly virtue. Forgiveness
i
not a remission of penalty. which may ùe remitted or may remain, but a
remission of sin, a pcrsonal cleansing awl purification, oftcn through pun-
ishment, oftcn without it. Sacrifice is nut neceE
ary to induce God to re-
mit penalty-it is not an expiation; nul' is it necessary tu enable God to
remit penalty-it is not a snhstitntion.
I might, brethren, have presented to you a theulogical statement which
would have heen both more comprehensivc and more compact; hut it would
have been less my own. )Iy theology has changeù in the past amI will change
in thc futurc; hut if the past be an angury of the future, it will change only
to makc Christ more central. It is imperfect anù always will be; for we
know in part anù wc propheðY in part, and the truth of God is known in its
entirety hy none of us. nut as the years go hy and crecds are Jess, faith and
hope and lovc are morc to me; the faith that looks with e,-er clearer vi
ion
upon the invisible ancl eternal, while al1 things earthly anù temporal grow
more shadowy; the hope that amid all the wreckagc of life hears evpr, like a
bird-song in thc tcmpest, "All things work togf'thel' for gooù to those that
100"c God," and thc love which counts all humanity one great brotherhood,
because children of that Father of whom evcry family in heaven and on earth
is named.
VOL. XI.-27
418
HE_YR T ADAJIS.
l1834-S9
l
cttrr
tJanU.t
BOHN in Boston. )Iass., l
ðS.
JEFFERSOX.
fllistm'yof the Cniled Statts.- T,J!s. I alld II. The Fir.<;t ArlmÏ1lÌstrafion úf Thoma.<;
Je.!fl'r8(}/l. 18SU.]
A CCORDIXG to the admitted standards of gre
tnesi', .Jefferson was a
great man. After all deductions on which his enemies might choose
to insiðt, his character could not be denied elevation, versatility, br(>adth, in-
sight, and delicacy; but neither as a politician nor as a political philosopher
did he 80em at ease in the atnlO
phere which surrounded him, A
a l(>ader
of democracy he appeared singularly out of place.
\.ð reserved as President
"
lshingto1) in the faee of popular f3.miliarities, he never showed himself in
crowds, During the last thirty years of his life he was not secn in a N ortheru
city, ('H'n during his Presidency: nor inäeed was he seen at all except on
hor:-:eback, or by his friends and visitors in his own hou
e. 'Yith manners ap-
})arently popular and informal. he led a life of his own, and allowed few per-
sons to share it. His tastes were for that day excessively refined. His in-
stincts werc those oÌ a liberal European nohleman, like the nuc (]f' Li:mcourt.
and he huilt for him8elf at )Ionticello:1. cl àteau above contact with man. The
rawness of political life wa
an inces:-:ant torture to him, and personal attacks
maùe him keenly unhappy, His true delight was in an intelJe('tual life of
;science and art. To read, write, speculatc in new lines of thought, to keep
abreast of tlw intellect of Europe, nUll to feed upon Homer awl Horace, were
l)lca
ures more to his mind than any to JJe fuund in a }mLlic assembly. He
had some knowledge of mathematics. and a little acquaintance with cla:5sical
rt; but he fairly revelleù in what he helie\-eù to be beautiful, and his writin:I8
often betrayed suhtile feeling for arti!'tic form,-a sure mark of intellectual
sensuousness, He shrank from whatc\-C}' Wil;:; rough or coarse, and his yearn-
ing for sympathy was almost feminine. That. such a man should have Ycnt-
ureù upon the stormy ocean of politics was surprising, the more hecause he
was no orator, and owed nothing to any magnetic influence of voicc or per80n.
Kever effective in debate, for Feventeell years hefore his Prel:;idenc\' he had
not appeared in a ll>gislatiye boùy except'in the chair of the
enate.
lIe felt
.a nervuus horror for the contentiousness of
uch assemblies, and cyen among
l1Ïs own friends he sometimes abandonerl for tllf' moment his strongest convic-
tions rather than support them by an effort of authority.
If Jefferson appeared ill at eaðe in the position of a popular leader, he
.seemed equully awkward in the intellectual restraints of his own political
principles. His mind shared little in comlllOll with the provincialism on
which the Yirgillia and Kentucky Resolutions were founùl'll. His iustincts
1ell him to widell rather than to narrow the hounds of e\-ery intellectual exer-
cise; and if vested with political authority, he could no more resist the temp-
tation to stretch his powers than he could ab
tain from using hi:5 mind on allY
1
34-89J
IIE....'lal r ADAMti.
419
subject merely because he might be dra"Wn upon ground i'npposed to be dan-
gerou
. He was a deist. belieying that men could manage their own sah-ation
without the help of a :-:tate church. Prone to innonttion, he bomctimt:'ð gen-
eralized without careful analysi
. lIe wa:o: a theori:o:t, prepared to ri:-;k the fate
of mankind on the <..bance of l"ea"oning far from certain in its detaili'. His
temperament was sunny and snngnine, and the atrahilious philosophy of K ew
England was intolerable to him. He ".aR curiously vulnerable, for he selùom
wrote a page without exposing himself to attack, He was superficial in his
knowledge, and a martyr to the di
ease of omniscience. Ridicule of his opin-
ions and of himself was an easy task, in which his Federalist opponcnts de-
lighted, for his Enf[lish was often confused, his assertions inaccurate, and at
times of excitemcnt he wa:-: apt to talk with ilHliscretion; while with all his
extraordinary versatility of character amI opinionð, he seell1é11 during his en-
tire life tv breathe with perfect
atisfaction nowhere except in the liLeral,
literary, amI scientific air of Paris in l-;-SU.
Jefferson aspired be
on(l the ambition of a nationality, and embraced in
his view the whole future of man. That the Unite(} States should become a
nation like Fl':lllce, England, or Rn
Eia,
hould cOIlfIuer the world like Rome,
or develop a typical race like the Chinese, was no part of hið scheme. He
wi.;;hed to begin anew era. IIoping for a time when the world's ruling inter-
ests should cea:-:e to Le loeal and f'boultl become universal; when questions of
Loundary atHlnationahry f'houhllJecome in
ignifi['ant; when ar:nies anù na-
vies should be reduced to the work of police, and polities "hould consi:;:t OlJly
in non-intervention,-he i'ct himself to the ta3k of governing, with this golden
uge in view_ Few men lun-e dared to legislate as though eternal peace were at
hand, in a wodd torn by wars and cOl]nllsions and drowned in hlood; Lut
this was what J effen
on :l:,pired to do, Even in such dangers, he believed that
Americans might ::iafe1y set an example which the Christian world f'hould
he led by intere
t to respect and at length to imitate.
\.s he cOllccivcd a
true
\.merican policy, war was a blunder, an unnece
:'ary risk; and even in
ca
e of robbery and aggre:O:5ion the Unit(\(1 States, he believed, had only to
stand on the defensi '-e in order to obtain jU::itice in the cn(l. lIe would not
consent to build up a new nationality mercly to create more navieð and armies,
to perpetuate the crimC:5 and folJics uf Eurupe; the eentral government at
'Washington should not he permitted to indulge in the miserahle ambitions
that had made the Old 'W orId a hell anel fru
trated the hopes of humanity_
'With the
e humanitarian i"deas which passed beyond the bounds of nation-
ality, Jefferson held other ,-iew:o: which secmed narrower than ordinary pro-
vincialism, Cities, manufactures, mines, shipping. and accumulation of
capital led, in hi
opinion, to corruption and tyranny,
"Generally i'peakillg," .said he, in his only elaLorate work, the :Yotes on
Yirginia, "the proportioll which the aggref!ate of till' other classes of citizens
hears in any btate to that of it5 LH1:,handmcn is the proportion of it
unl'ounù
to its healthy parts, aud is a good enough barometer whereby to measure its
degree of corruptiou, Those who lahor in the (,:lrth arc the chosen
people of God if ever he had a cho
en people, ,,-hose l.n'e:l::,t::; he has made his
peculiar depo:-:it for suh,:tantial anù genuine ,irtue."
4
O
HE.J.YR Y .AD
LtJS.
[1834-89
This doctrine was not original with Jefferson, but its application to national
affairs on a great scale was something new in the world, allll the theory itself
clasbed witb his intellectual instincts of liLerality and innovation.
THE A:\lEnIl'
\X OF 1&00.
[From tTle Snme.]
\\TORDS\YORTII, although then at hi
prime, indulging in ,,,hat SOUllll-
,\' ed like a boast that he alone had felt the sense sublime of something
interfused, whose dwelling is the light of
ettillg
n()ð, and the roun(l ocean,
anù the living air, and the blue sky, and in the mind of mall.-e,en Iw, to
whose moods the heayy and the weary weight of ull this unintelligiule world
wHslightencd by his deeper sympathies with nature and the
onl, coulll do no
better, when he stood in the face of American democracy, than" keep the
secret of a poignant scorn. ..
Possibly the view of 'V orùsworth and )100re, of \r elll, Dennie, and Dick-
ens "f\"as right. The American democrat p08se8
ed little art of e'-pression, and
did not watch his own emotions with a view of uttering them either in pro
e
or verse; he never told more of himself than the world might have aSðumed
without listening to him. Only with diffidence conIcI hi:o:tory attribute to
such a class of men a wider range of thought or feeling than they themseln?s
cm'ed to proclaim. Yet the difficulty of denying or even ignoling the wider
range was still greater, forno one (juestioned the force or the scope of an enw-
tion which eausecl the poorest peasant in Europe to see what was in risible to
poet anù l)hilo
opher,-the dim ontline of a lllomItain-summit acro
s the
ocean. rising high above the mist and mud of American democracy. As
though to call attention to some FllCh difficulty, European and American
critics, while affirming that Americans were a race without illusions or en-
larged ideas, declared in the same breath toat ..T efÏel'son was a ,isiolHlry who::,e
theories would cause the heavens to fall upon them. Ye<lI' after year, with
endless iteration, in every accent of contempt, rage, and de::,}>air, they re-
peated this charge against Jefferson, Every foreigner and Federalist agreed
tbat he was a man of illusions, dangerous to Focicty and un hounded in power
of evil; but if this view of his character was right, the same YÍsionar.\" quali-
ties ðeemed alRo to be a national trait, for everyone aùmitted that Jé1ferson's
opinions, in one forlll or another, were Eharcd uy a majority of the American
people.
Illustrations might he carried much further, and might ue drawn from
every social class and from every period in national history. Of all Presi-
dents, Abraham Lincoln has been cor
siùered the most typical representative
of American society, chiefly because his mind, with all its practical <lualities,
also inclined, in certain directions, to idealism. Lincoln ,vas born in 1809,
the moment when American character stuod in lowest esteem. Ralph'Vahlo
Emerson, a more distinct idealist, was born ill 1803. 'Yilliam Ellery Chan-
1 '334-89]
llETR r ADAJIS.
421
ning, another idealist, "-as born in 178tJ. :Jlen likc John Fi tch, Oliver Emns,
Robert Fulton. Joel Barlow, John Steyens, and Eli 'Whitney were all clal':5ed
among- .isionaril::-=. The whole societ," of Quakers helongeù in the same cate-
gory. '--'The records of the popular r
ligiot.lð sects abounded in examrles of
idealism and illusion to such an extel1t that the masses seemed hardly to f1ml
comfort or hope in any authority, howeyer old or well-established. In reli-
gion as in politics, Americans seemed to re(luire a system which gave play to
their imagination and their hopes.
Some misunder:;:tanding must always take place when the observer is at
cross-purposes ,,-ith the society he describef-:. 'V ordsworth might have con-
vinc('(l himself by a moment's thought that no country could act on thc
imagination as America acted upon the instincts of thc ignorant and poor,
without some quality that deserved bettcr trcatment than poignant scorn;
but perhaps this ,,-a:3 only one among innumcrable cases in which thc uncon-
cious poct brcathcd an atmosphere which the self-conscious poet could not
pendrate. "-ith equal reason he might ha.e taken thc opposite view,-that
the llanl, practical, money-getting American democrat. who had neither
renerosity nor honor -eor imagination, and 'who inhabited cold sharles where
fancy sickcned anù where genius died, "Was in truth liying in a world of
dream, and acting a drama morc instinct with poetry than all the 3.VahlrS of
the East, walking in gardens of emeralds and rubies, in ambition already
ruling the world and guidiI1g Xatnrc "With a kinder and wiser hand than had
(.'\""e]" yet becn felt in human history. From this point his critics never ap-
proachcd him,-they stopped at a stonc's throw; and at thc moment when
they L1eclared that the man's mind had no illusions, they added that he was
a k;layC or a lunatic. Even on his I,ractical and sordid" side, the American
might easily have l,eell repre;;:ented as a yictim to illu
ion. If the English-
man had lived us the .American speculator did-in the future-the hJ-
l'éruole of enthusiasm would have E=ecmed le:-=ð monstrous. "Look at my
wealth! ,. cricd the American to hi
foreig-n visitor. "See these solid mou n-
tains of s
lt and iron, of lead, copper, silv
r, and gold! See these magnit1cent
cities scattered hroadcast to the Pacific! See my cornficlds rustling and W
l\--
ing in the SUIllmer breeze from ocean to ocean, so far that the SUll itself is not
high enough to mark where the ùistant mountains bound my golden seas!
Look at this continent of mine, fairest of created worlds, as she lies turning
up to the sun's }1erer-failing caress her bro
lLl and exuberant breasts, oYer-
flowing with milk for her hundred million children!
ee how she glows with
youth, health, and love!" Perhaps it was not altogether unnatural that the
foreigner, on bciu,Q' asked to scc what necded centuries to produce, should
have lookell about him \\ith hewihlcrment and indignation. ,. <101d! cit-
ies! cornfields! continent:!! Xothing of thc sort! I see nothing but tremen-
dOllS wastes, wherc sickly mcn and "Women are dying of home:-:icknC
8 or arc
scalped Ly sayages! mountain ranges a thou
and miles ]oug, "With no means
of getting to them, and nothing in them "When you get therc! swamps and
forests chokcd with tlwirown rottell ruins! nor hope of }wtter for a thousand
n.ars! Your ston- is a fraud, and YOU ure a liar and swindler!"
" )[et in this spÜ:it, the Americ:m'. half perpkwd ami half defiant. retaliated
4
")
-' "'-'
HE
NR Y ADAJI8.
[1
34-8s)
b}' calling his antagonist a fool, and by mimicking his hea'J tricks of man-
ner. For himself he cared little. but his dream was his whole existence. The
men who denounced him admitted that they left him in his forest-swamp
quaking with fe'.er, but clinging in the delirium of death to the illusions of
hi
dazzled brain. 1\0 class of men could be required to support their COll-
victions with a steadier faith, or pay m01:e rlevotedly with "their persons for
the mistakes of their judgment. 'Yhether imagination or greed led thein to
describe more than actually existed, they still saw no more than any inventor
or discoverer must ha\e seen in order to give bim the energy of success. They
said to the rich as to thc poor, "Come and share our limitless riches! Come
and help us bring to light tlH'se unimaginablc stores of wealth and power! "
The poor came, and from them were i'eldolll hmrd complaints uf deception
or delu
ion. 'Yithin a moment, by the mere contact of a moral atmosphere,
they saw the gold and jewels, the summer cornfields, and the glowing conti-
nent. The rich for a long time stood aloof,-they were timid awl narrow-
minded; but this was not all,-Letween them and the American democrat
wa.s a gulf.
Thc charge that Americans were too fond of money to win the confidence
of Europeans was a curious inconsistency; yet this was a common Lelief. _ If
the American deluded himself and led others to their death by baseless specu-
lations; if he buried those he loved in a gloomy forest where they quaked and
died while he pcr
isted in seeing there a splendid, healthy, and well-built city,
-no one could deny that he sacrificed I\-ife and child to his greed for gain,
that the donar was his god, and a sordid avarice his demon. Yet bad this
been the whole truth, no European capitalist 'would baye hef'itated to make
money out of his grave; for, avarice ngainst avarice, 110 more sordid or mean-
er type existed in America than coulù be shown on every 'Change in Europe.
"
ith much more reason Americans might ha\e suspected that in AmerICa
Englishmen found eyerywhere a silent influence. which they found no\\ hel e
in Europe, and which had nothing to do with 3yal'ice or with tll(' dollar, Lut,
on the contrary, seemed likely at any moment to sacritìce the dollar in a cause
and for an object so illusory that most Englishmen could not endure to hear
it discl1s
ed. Europcan traycIJers who p:lssed through America notiee(1 that
e\eryw here. in the 'Yhite House at 'Y fishington and in log cahins LeYOlHl the
Alleghanies, except for a few Federalists, eyery American. from J etferson
and {i.allatin down to the poorest squatter, seemed to noul'i:-:h an if]ea that hc
was doing what he could to m"ertbrow the tyranny which the past Lad fast-
ened on the human mind. K othing was e'asier than to lau
dl at thc ludicrous
expressions of this simple-minded conyiction, or to cry ont against its coarse-
ness, or grow angry with its prejudices; to see its nohler side, to feel the lJl'at-
iugs of a heart underneath the sordid surface' of a gross humanity, W:lS not
so easy. Europeans seemed
cldom or Heyer cOll
cious that the sentimcnt
could pos:-:ess a noble side, but found only matter for complaint in the re-
mark that c"cry ..American dempcrat heJie,-ed himself tû be working for the
o\erthrow of tyranny, nristocracy, hereditary privilege, amI priesthood,
wherevcr tlH'J existed. Even wl}ere the A mcrican did not openly proclaim
thi
convietion in words, he carried so den
e an atmosphere of the sentiment
1834-S9]
l1H.J..YR r ADAJIS.
with him in his daily life as to gi,e respectable Europeans an unea8Y Se118e of
remotenes
.
Of all historical problems, the nature of a national character is the most
difficult and the most important. Reaclers will be trouhled, at almost eyery
chapter of the coming narratiye, by the want of some formula to explain
what share the popular imagination bore in the systcm pursued by goycrn-
ment. The acts of the American people during the administrations of Jef-
ferson and )Iadi
on were juùgeù at the time by no other test.
\.ccordin
as
bystanders hclie,-ed Anwl'ican character to he hartl, sordid, and free f
:om il-
h
ion, they were seyere and even han
h in judgment. This rule guided the
governments of England and France. Federalists in the L nlted State
,
knowing more of the cirèumstancc:;, often attributed to the democratic in-
stinct a visionary quality which they regarded as sentimelltality
and chargeel
with man
' bad cOll:o:equences, If their 'lew was correct. history could occupy
itsclf to no better purpose thHn in a
certailling the nature and force of the
quality which was charged with resnlts so serious: but nothing was more
elu:,:ive than the spirit of ..American democracy, Jefferson. the literary repre-
sentative of the class, spoke chiefly for Yirginians, and dreaded so grcatly his
O\YI1 reputation as a visionary that he seldom or never uttered his whole
thought. Gallatin and )Iaùison were still more cautiou
. The press in no
country could give shape to a mental condition so
hadowy. The people
themsel,es, although million::! in numher, could not ha'-e e.xpre
sed their
finer instincts had they tried, and might not have recognized them if ex-
pressed by others.
In the early days of colonization, every new settlement rppresented an idea
and proclaimed a mission. Yirginia was founded Lya great, liberal moye-
ment aiming nt the spread of English liberty and empire. The Pilgrims of
Plymouth, the Puritans of Boston, the Quakers of Pennsylvania, all ayO\yed
a moral purpo:-:e, and hegan Ly making in8titutions t
lat consciou
ly reflected
a moral idea, K 0 such character belonged to the colonization of ] 800. From
Lakf' Erie to Florida, in long, unbrokell line, pionccrs were at work, cut-
ting into the forests with the energy of so many he
n.ers, and with 110 more
express moral purpose than the beaYer
; they drove away. The civilization
they carried with them was rarely illumined hy an idea; they
onght room
for 110 uew truth, awl aimed neither at creating, like the Puritan.:5, a gon>rn-
ment of saints, nor, like the Quakerf', one of loyc and peacc; they lcft such
e'\ppriments behind them, ami wrestled only with the hardest prohlems of
frontier life. Xo \Yonder that foreign ohsenerð. and even tIw educated.
well-to-do American" of the sea-coast. could seldom see anything to admire
ill the ig-lloranee and brutalih- of frontiersmen, and should declare that yir-
tlle ancI'- ,,"isdom no longer gnrded the rnited Rtnte:o:! What they saw wa
not
OIlCouragill
.. To a new soeicty. ignorant and i'cmi-barharou:-:, a llU1.:5S of
dt'lllagognes insi:-:ted on applying every
timnlant that could inflamc it:
"'or8t appetite.:5, whill' at the same im:tant taking a\ya.v en'ry influence that
had hitherto 1H']ped to restrain its pas
ions. Greed for wealth, lust for }lOW-
er, yearning for the hlank void of
(I\-a
e fn'ellom such as Indian.:5 amI woh-es
tleligh ted in-thesc wcre the fire.:5 that tlallll'(1 ullder the cauldron of Ameri-
423
,..
424
JAlIIES SCIIOULER.
[1834-89
can society, in which, as cOllser\atives believed, the old, well-proven, con-
serratiye crust of religion, government, family, and even common respect
for age. education, and experienoe was rapidly melting awa
-, and was indeed
already Lroken into fragments, swept aLout by the seething mass of scum
ever rising in greater quantities tu the snrfaee.
j atnC
clJOttlCt.
BORI\ in "-est Cmnbriùge, now Arlillgtou, .:\Iass., 1
3
.
AXDHEW .TA('KSOX.
[IJi.-;tory (If tllt' Crât('{l .'-.tatt:.'i of Americ(1 undpr tlw Constitution. rol.'i. I.-Ir.-
18
0-89. ]
lI E has left a landmark in our annals for all time. )Iuch is Faid of the
influence of ideas in producing history, hut the really controlling influ-
ence of this epoch was that of personal example. And nevcr did popular
parties opposed to one another respond to personal guidance so heartily as
those which now grew up under the leadership of those fierce comhatants,
always at variance with one another, Clay and Jackson; the one cumbining
popular clements too intelligent and opiniunated not to show signs of jealous
disðension, the other having a blind democracy for a nucleus so densé, so de-
yotec1, antI withal so carefully disciplined, that rivalry was kept low and po-
litical mutiny punishable:1::! though Ly martial law. Strong in all his trait::!
of character, his vices as well as his ,-irtues, Jackson's public e3.ample was
one fur positive good and positin
evil,-a mixture of braSð and clay. There
could Le 110thing neg:ltive about him. 'fhat he purposed, that he put his
hand to and bore it safely through. His miud llloyocl rapidl}', and with an
almost lightning-like perception he had resolved the point while others were
deliherating; and right or wrong, he was tenacious of his conclusion, and
fought to ha\e his way like one who felt it shame not to wiu. There was no
twilight of dubiety ahout him; he knew, aud knew earnestly; and within the
steel horizon which hounded his vision he could pierce to the circumference
in all directions. As his intellect admitted of no half-truth, so did his nature
revolt at hargains and compromi.ses, such as Clay. his morÌ<ll enemy, was an
adept in arranging; hut with him it was to conquer or die on o\""ery occasion,
win a clean victory or endure a clean defeat. This temper, as thobè who knew
him best have admitte(l, gave him a load to carryall his life; every step he
took was a contest, and yet, if ever mortal may Le said to have triumphed in
what he undertook, every contest was a victory. Jackson could nut live with-
out a quarrel; and, though capable of strong and lasting attachment, friends
and enemies often changed places as his ambition deyeloped, and no one could
remain long in his confidence who did not humor his foibles anù hend to his
purpo
e. COllscientious difference of opinion he knew not how to tulerate,
18:34-89]
JAJfES SCHOULER.
4
5
and friendship that was not all in all was not at all. Gratitude implied a self-
abasement, and he felt it for no one; even coequal companionship was some-
thing of a yoke to him: it was admiring devotion that won his heart, anù the
better angel of hi3 nature was compassion. But though knightly towards
women, tender to children, the young, the gentle, the fallen, to all who nestled
up confidingly, his contempt for weakness disposed him to ðnatch whatever
he wanted, regardless of others' rights. He could bully a sister republic to
get her territory, and drh"e the half-tamed Indian from his homestead and
the white man's neighborhood at the point of the bayonet, and all this with
hardly the pretence of compunction. Frank and sincere in the main, and
wishing to be thought so whatever ill might be imputed to him, of manners
cordial anJ graceful, he was a generous host at home, and after his own ideal
a Southern gentleman. Yet for all this he had something of the borderer's
fier2e disposition: with the men among whom he had been borll and bred
might made right, and honor was vindicated by a brace of pistols at ten paces.
Such a citizen could ne,-er have been exalted to national distinction in the
l'oartlier age of the repuhlic, and his fame waited long for civil recognition.
(',-en
tfter his military succes
. ;o;pringillg up out-of-doors and in the free
I'un.shine, rough contact with mankind in a pioneer society gave him an edu-
cation; and as a slaye-lwlder, long used to an easy independence and to bcing
waited upon, he acquired that self-confidence in later life without which COll-
sciousness of merit mu:,t fail of renown. A:-; chief magistrate he was an inno-
yation upon .American life, a novelty,-in some sense a prote
t against the
l'ãst. He was the first great product of the ""cst, humanly speaking, Clay
only excepted, whose genius partook more of Eastern example. He was the
fi1'5t President of this rnion chosen from the west of the _\.lleghanie:;; and a
pioneer State; the first ever borne into the chair with a general bnrri.dl and
no real sense of ci,"il superiority for the office. He was the first Pre
ident
from what we call the ll1WS5e
; the first whose following vulgarized. so to
speak, the national administration and social life at the capital. 01<1 age and
debility had much to do with the venerating applam.e which constantly fol-
lowed him, anll forced eyen his whims to he re
pected; the people seemed
anxious t.o make amend::; for so long neglecting to ad mnce him,
..Tack
oll ruled h
- his indomitable forc\J of will. his tenacity of purpose,
courage, and energ}-. TIc did not investigate nor lean upon advice, hut made
up his mind by whate,-er strange and crooked channel5 came his information.
and then took the responsibility. Experience made him rapid rather than
rash, though he was always impulsiye; and he would desp:ttch the husiness
which engaged hi:;; thoughts, and that m03t thoroughly. Though stretched
on the hed of sicklle5s. he held the thread of his purpose where none could
take it from him: his will r.lllied and beat unùer the both. IIe decided affair:,
quickly, and upon impulse more than reflection; but his
intnitions 'werc keen,
often profound, in politics as well as war. IIis vigor fið an Executive at his
time of life was trnh'" wonderful. He left nothing in affairs for uthers to
finish, betrayed no Ei;m of fear or timidity, shrank from no hurden however
Illomentou:" but marched to the muzzle of his purpose, and, like an old sol-
dier, gained half the filhantage in a fight by his bold despatch and Yigor.
426
J
LllES SGHOULER.
[1834-89
The night march and surprise werc points he had learne(l in rndian warfare;
and wcre it war or politics, he carried out what he had fixed upon with con-
stant intrepidity. This intrepidity went with a con.:5eiou8 sense of duty; for,
though a Oromwell in spirit, Jackson's ambition was honestly to S('1'\ e his
country. Loyalty to the l:nion, sympathy with the American common peo-
ple. were the chief impulscs of his being, for all hc loved power; and hence
a lllajority was almost sure to sustain him. Oourage and directnes.:'Ì the peo-
ple admire in any man, aIHl a sordid or ulmrping nature they arc apt to di::-:-
cover. J acksoll had the ::\Iidas touch, which could tral1
mute whatFvu he
handled. if not into solid golù, at least into a suhstance of popularity. And
'et no ðerv311t of thc ballot-box felt le:::s thc need of courting popularity, or of
"aiting for public opinion to bear his plans forward. Lesscr statesmen might
he exponent8, hut he led on, leaving the public to comment as it might.
,r e have illtimated more than once in our narrative that Jackson was nei-
ther so frank nor so chivalrous as he paRsed for, nor
'ct so little of a politi-
cian. \Vas there ever a great general who ùid not employ ðtrategy? Jackson
could dis
imulate, and in his very maladies he gained ::;ome crafty advantage.
One of his warmest admirers has pronuunced him a consummate actor, whose
art uftcn impuscd the pulicy of mshne:::s. Yan Buren fuund him a lllan
guarded and self-controlled whcre he had seemed impduous. He cuuld put
off an incon,-enient friem}.ç:hip so a8 to make IÙs fricnd appear the wrong-
docr, Of darker duplicity signs, thuugh ineonc1usiye, are not wanting. But
his blunt percf>ptions of right and wrong, his brutal ohstinacy and the tail-
wa
ging snbscrvienec which he exacted from tllOH' ahout him did the country
he meant to honor au irrcparaule mischief. Whiie Pre:::idellt his ira:-;cibility
forc('(l those whu would influence him to take to tortuuus methods. Oabinet
of!ìccrð, men far hetter yorscd in afiairt:; than him
elf. had td fall in with his
opinions and seem to yield; overreaching, if they might. when executing
his orders, ur bringing the subject up again. Thii'. and hi
preference fur thc
kitchen a(lvisers, had something to do with his frc(luent cabinet changes.
An had to pay court to get on. Van Buren earned most frOIl! his intimacy,
playing the faithful hound, and it cost him dcarly in the end. The circle sur-
rounding tÌ..w uld man fC'd him with gro:::ð flattery. ...\11 this gave suon the
smireh tù decent self-reðpect. Per:,:,ollalism came to tincture all politic
, a
l
policies, all politicians, under his arbitrary and exacting admini:,tratinl1; and
thc painted Jczehcl uf party patronage Fcizcd upon the puhlic tru
ts for her
f:n-orites. Such a statc of tl1ing
was sure to brec(] curruption soone}" ur later.
Prætorian hands showed the first Fymptolll of Home '::; decay; hands uf office-
holder
. unit('(l by the llcces
ity of keeping the Rpoilð and salaries from other
Lands equally ravcnou=-, may pro\'c an endy symptom of our own, if the peo-
ple submit to it. Personally honest and unstained hy hribery. Jackson played
nevertheless into thc hands of others who traded UpOI
his yiolence
greedy
followf'rs milkecl the offices they had gained h.,' partisan senice. Evcn the
h.lttery of thf' National Bank, in which he led off, ha(l it=-! pU,(.:dlistic aspect:
money put up against money. and monopoly fighting monopol
..
Jackson's illiteracy is admitted hy his admirers: but opponentð of his day
made too much of it, as though administrations were a matter of merc schol-
lö34-89]
JAJ.lES SCHO ULER.
f ')
-1:_'
arship. Longer experiencc in popular sclf-gm"ernment has dispelled that
illusion. It was of greater note that his strong per
on::tl feelings mingled in
all he said or did, and that opponents were colored})}' his tC'mperament. In
conrer
ati()n he interested, whether lw conrinced 01' not. being clear, ear-
nest, and straight to the point both in thought anù expre!:;!:;ion ; and while no
questiolJ admitted of two sides to his mind, hi
own was fC'arlessly gra...ped.
As his
peech was sagacious aud incisire, in
pitC' of slips in grammar or nÜð-
pronunciation, so )1(' could write with powerful effect. thou:rh no scholar in
the truc
ense, and in persoual controrersy he was one to be feared. His state
papers en:ragC'd able minds in and out of hi:- cabinet, )C't the direction of
thought. the statement of polic
". the temper of the document. were his own.
Others might elaborate the argumcnt for him or polish alHI arrange the COlll-
position, hut, after all, his was the eentral thought: aud he would flouri
h
O\"er the paper with a rapid pen, and a huge one, until sheet after sheet lay
before him glistening with ink and glowing with expression as though it were
writteu in his hC'art's blood. That therc were misspelt worcls to he corrected,
or awkward sell tences to be trn
:,ed up afterward... hy h i
ecretary, is not to
be denied. In short. Andrew .Jackson fed little upon hooks and much npon
experience with unconyentional life and human nature: hut he h.ul what is
essential to eminence in either case, a ,igorous intellect and a strong will.
In the COlHìuct of affairs he took tLchice wherever he saw fit, and like a com-
mander secreti\"c of his own plans, teðteù the views of his council and then
made up hi
own mind.
Such was the remarkable man whose sllaping influence in national affairs
made him the transcendent figure of these times: in him of all Americans
the Union, for thirty years prior to the eyentful18GO. was pcrsonified. In
faults and merits alike he was so great, and he produced so much that was
good and so much that was yicion:::, that the hi.:;torian may well be perplexed
to trace the blending line. This warrior t1r8t entered office with an ea
ier taðk
before him than any of his preùcce
sor'-:. aud twice when he took the offieial
oath he might have shaped his course pcacefully to tIlt' popular preclispo:,i-
tion which ""as to reward a ,etcran soldier with the highest mark of honor.
Twice, hO\H'\-er, as we have seen, did he snrprisc expectation, both by the
vitality of his rule and his peculiar aptitude for fighting ont some ne'," politi-
cal polic
:, lIC' fought well, as he had al,,"ay.::; donc, and wa
as pertinacious
in returning to the attack and mortifying the foes who had wOUlHled his
friendð, Quarrcls ami had blood ma(le the large component of the::ìC' eight
years' policy
the fi:rht of faction:- made the spoils of offi('e, for the first time,
a national princi},le; the fight with the Bank. onginating, most likely, in per-
sonal offence, waR a pprsonal one to till' close; and but fOl' hi::-: per:o:onall'up-
tUl"e with Calhoun one mil!" wc'll (louht whether nullification would eyer hm.c
raised its n'l'til(' head. Jack
on's ,,(.:-:t aet wa.;; to trample dO,,"I) that here:,."'.
thou:r h the snake wa.s only I'cotehec1, and hi.:; worst was to (Iebauch the puhlic
f:el'vice. In tlw one, as in the other, hii' example lon
ontlin'd him. But
most pernicious of all, in quick result
, he initiated thc treacherous policy of
)[pxiean di:-:memherment and annexation for the sake of slavel}; from a mo-
tive psemlo-patriotic, however, to }JI'(....:en.c the Cfluilibrium of the "V"llioll,
428
JAMES SCHOC-LER.
ll
34-S9
and with a responsibility quite indirect for the worst that followed after he
had set the ball in motion. As for the rest, his foreign policy was brilliant
and sagacious: his stand 011 the tariff and internal improvements judicious
for the times: hið cour::iC to the T ndians, though harsh, not without justify-
ing reasons. He paid off the national debt, like the punctilious planter he
was, who abhorred all debt, puhlic and prinlte. and with real opportunity
might haye left to his country some plan for llispoðing of a national surplus
i llstead of leaving himself on record as a censurer of all phm s. IT pOll his
finaucial policy our narrative has dwelt already, and the full effect of that
glorious folly, the transfer of the depositi', will soon he shown. With all his
fen-cut zeal, there were limitations to his theory of public banking, limita-
tions to his theory of a fraternal Union.
Ko President ever ruled these United Statf's in times of peace with a per-
sonal supremae\ so absolute as the two great chieftains of our democrac\-,
Jackson
md Jefferson, though in methodð and character they were so litÙe
alike, The one \\-as a born manager of men, the other a stern dictatur; the
one philanthropic to the socially oppres:5ed, the other a hater rather of the
social o}Jl'ressor; each, however, influenced by a love of country which waR a
ruling passion, by con
titutional restraints
omewhat ilHlependently inter-
preted, and, in later life at least, by iUl uncol1sciou::; bias to the side of the
South wheneyer slavery was threatened with ,'iolence by K orthern agitators.
This last in Jefferson weakened his practical effort", in the anti-slavery cau.se,
though he was anti-slaver,Y in sentiment tQ.the en(l : in Jack:mn, who thought
himself no wor:,e for being a master, if a kind one, it stimulated the deter-
mination to make his ::;ection strong enough to hold out against the :lbolition-
ists, for abolitionists and nullifiers were all hell-hounds of disunion. Jeffer-
son had gently manipulated Oongress; Jackson ruled in defiance of it. and
by arraying the people, or rather a party majority on hi::; side, against it, until
the tone of his mes:,:ages, if not real1y insolent. was tbat of conscious infalli-
hility, Oongre
s is elastic, however, anù easily rallies, being naturally the
encroaching power under our coördinate system. But as for the people, the
danger grew that their will in elections would be fettered by machinery and
machine managers. In these }'ears the democracy made rapid striJes, and
the nation, too. advanced in power. Self-confidence increased, anÜ a domi-
neering disposition. There was a vigorous yulgarity about this administration
at every point. resolution and a passionate love of danger. And ,yet at home,
factions and mob violence were always on the increa!:)e; and though the prin-
ciples of national institutions anù of fundamental authority were discussed
as never before nor since, there never was a time short of civil war when law-
lessness gained so nearly the upper hand in the community. The most ùan-
gerous infractions of the constitution are tho:;e not violent enough tö prm"oke
the governed to open resistance, and of such there were many. Jackson's
school of philosophy was not tolerant and reconciling. There were too many
friends to reward, too many foes to punish. Class was inflamed against clUS3,
the poor
howed their teeth at the rich: and while the Union was COllf'talltly
held up for reyerelJce, and even idolatry, the joints were strained, tbe frater-
nal bonds parted, amI men of both sections began to feel themseheð less
IS34-
9]
A..NXIE TR'CJIBULL SLOSSO
Y.
429
unioni1'ts at heart than before. And thus, though decked out with glory, did
Jackson
s iron rule plough long furrows in the back of the rcpublic whose
scars arc still yisible.
.9nníe
rlnttbull
lDß.Eion.
BOH
in 8tonington, Conll.
HE FORSOOK IllS SETS. ASD FOLLOWED HDl.
[Fi.shill' .Jimmy. IR8fJ.]
B UT one thing troubled Fishin' Jimmy. He wanterl to be a "fisher of
men." That was what the Great Teacher bad promised he would make
the fishermen who left their boats to follow him. "
hat strange, literal
meaning he attached to the terms, we could not tell. In vain we-especially
the boys, whose
"oung hearts had gone out in warm affection to the old man
-tried to show him that he wað, b}" hi
effortA to do good and make others
better and happier, fulfilling the Lord's direction
. He could not under-
stand it so. "I allers try to think," he said, .. that 'twas me in that boat
when he come along. I make bTeye that it was out on
treeter's Pond, an'
I was settill' in the hoat, fixin' my Ian 'in' net, whcn I i'f:'e him on the shore,
I think lllebbe I'm that James-for that's my giyen name, ye know, though
theyallers call me Jimmy-an' then I hear him callin' me 'James, Jame
.'
I c;n hear him jest's plafn
ometimes, when the wind '8 hlowin' in the trees,
an' I jest ache to up an' folIeI' him. But says he, ' r 'll make ye a fisher 0'
men,' an' he aint done it. I'm waitin ': mebbe he'lllarn me some ùay."
He was fond of allliying ereature
, merciful to all. But his love for our
dog Dash became a passion, for Dash was an angler. ,rho that e,er saw
him sitting in the boat beside his ma:;ter, watching with eagcr eye and whole
body trembling" ith excitement the line as it was cast. the flies as they
touched the sllrface-",ho can forget old Dash? His fierce excitement at
rise of trout, the efforts at self-restraint, the disappointment if the preyes-
caped, the wild exultation if it was captured, how plainly-he who runs
might read-were shown thesc emotions in eye, in car, in tail. in whole
quivering body! "
hat wonder that it all went straight to the fisher'
heart
of Jimmy! ,. I neyer knowe(l afore they could hc Cbristiaus," he said, look-
ing, with tears in his soft, keen e} es, at the every-tby scene, and with no
faintest thought of irreverence. " I neyer knowed it, but I'd give a stiffikit
0' memhership in the orthodoxest church goin' to that dog there. "
It is almost lleedles:-; to say that as years went on
Timmy came to know
many'. tishin' min'::.;ters "; for therc are many of that ilk who love our
mountain countrv, and seck it yearly. All these knew anrl 10\ cd the old
man. And there
ere others who Iltl
l wanùercd by that sea of Galilee, and
fished in the waters of the Holy Laml, and with th
m Fishin' Jimmy dearly
loved to talk. But his wonder wa::5 llcver-emlillg that, ill the
cheme of eyan-
430
AKNIE 1 R UMB CLL SLOSSO.....Y.
[1834-89
gc1izing the worl(l. more use was not made of the" fishin' side:' of the story.
.. Haint they e,er tried it on them poor heathen? " he would ask earnestly of
ol1le clerical angler casting a fly upon the clear water of pond or brook. "I
should think 'twould 'a' bell the fust thing they'd donc. Fishin' fust, an'
r'liging 's sure to foller. Au' it's so easy; Ïur heath 'n mostly r'sides on
island:" don't they? So ther's plenty 0' water, an' 0' course tllf'r's t1shin';
<In' ollcet gin 'em }Joles an' git 'em to \\ork, an' they're uut 0' mischief fur
that day. They'd like it Letter'11 cannib'liug, orcuttin' out idles, or scratch-
in' picters all over theirsel,es, an' Limehy-not too slHl.lent, ye know, to
scare 'em-ye could begin on that story, an' they couldn't stan'that, not a
heath'n on 'em. 'Y on't ye speak to the '1Ieric:Ln Board about it, an' sen' out
a few fishin' mishneries, with poles all' line
an' tackle gen 'ally? I 'ye tried
it on drC'ilie bad folks, an' it allers done 'em gOOtl. But "-so almost all his
simple talk ended-" I wish I could begin to be a fisher o' men. I 'Ill gettin'
OllIlOW, I'm nigh Sl'yeuty. an' I aint got much timc, ye ðee."
OIle afternuon ill July there came o\"er Franeunia :Kotch oue of those
strangely sudtlen tempests which sometimes visit that mountain country. It
had been warm that day, unusually warm for that refreshingly cool spot;
hut suddellly the shy grew dark and darker, almo
t to blackness, there was
roll of thunùer and tla
h of lightning, and then poureù down the rain-rain
at first. but suun hail in large fruzen Imllets, which fiercely pelted any who
ventured uut-doors, rattled against the windows of the Profile IIouse with
sharp cracks like sounds of musketry, anJ lay upon the piazza in heaps lIke
snow. And in the mid
t of the wild storm it was remembered that twu boys,
glle
ts at our hotel. had gone up )Iount Lafayette alone that day, They
were }-oung boys, unu::.;ed to mountain climbing, and their friend::.; ,yere anx-
ious. It was fountl that Dash had followed them; and just as some one was
to be sent in
eal"ch of them. a boy from the stables brought the information
that Fishin' Jimmy had started up the mountain after them as the storm
lJroke. "Saiù if he cuuldn't be a fisher 0' men, mebbe he knowed nuff to
ketch bo}"s, " went on our informant, seeing nothing more in the speech, full
of pathetic meaning to us who knew him, than the idle talk of one whom
many consillered "lackin'." Jimmy was old now, anù had uf late grown
vel', feeble, and we did not like to think of him out in that wild storm. .And
no; suddenly the lost boys themselves appeared through the opening in the
woods opposite the house, and ran in through the hail, now falling more
quietly. They were wet, but no worse apparently for their adventure, though
full of contrition and distress at having lost Rightof the dog. He had rushed
off into the woods some hours before, after a rabbit or hedgehog, and had
never retnrned. Xor had they seell Fishin' Jimmy,
.L\..s hours went hy and the old man did not return, a search party was sent
out. and guides familiar with all the mountain paths went np Lafayette to
seek for him. It was nearly night when they at last found him, and the
grand old mountains had put on tho:,e robes of ro
-al purple which they some-
times a::5sume at eventide. At the foot of a nU16S of rock, which luuked like
amethyst or wine-red agate in that marvellous evening light, the old mall
was l
iug, and Dash was with him. From the few faint worù::5 Jimmy could
1834-89]
AXXIE TR U
"JIB
-LL SLOSSúJ.Y.
43]
then gasp out, the truth was gathered. He had mis::-:ed the Lop, lea,ing the
path by which they had returned, and while stumbling along in search of
them, feeble and ,yeary, he had heard far below a I:;ouud of distress. Looking'
dmyn over a steep. rocky ledge. he had seen his friend and fishing-comrade,
old Dash, in sore trouble, Poor Da
h! He never dreamed of harming
his old friend, for he had a kind heart. But he was a sad cowanl in some
nwtters, and a ,"cry haby when frightened and away from master and friend:::.
So I fear he may ha'''e a
::::umeù the role of wounded sufferer when in reality
he was but scared and lonesome. He never owned this afterward, and you
lllar be sure we ne, er let him hnow bv word or look the evil he had done.
JÜ;1l11Y saw him holding up one paw heiplesslyand looking at him with wist-
ful, imploring brown eyes, heard his pitiful, whimpering cry for aid, and
ne,er doubted his great distress and peril. "
as Dash not a fisherman?
An(
fh:hermen, in Fishin' .Timmy's category, were always true and trusty.
f;u the old man withont a
econd's hesitation started down the steep, smooth
decline to the rescue of his friend.
'Ye do not know just how or where in that terrible descent he fell. To llS
who afterward saw the spot, and thought of the weak old man, chilled by the
storm, exhausted by his exertions, and yet clamhering down that precipitous
cliff, made more slippery and treacherous by the sleet and hail still falling,
it seemed impos
ihle that he could have kept a foothold for an instant. X or
am I sure that he expected tu save himself anù Dash too. But he tried. He
was sadly hurt. I will not ten YOU of that.
Looki;lg out from the hotel'windows through the gathering darkness, we
who 1m-cd him-it was not a small group-8aw a sorrowful sight. Flicker-
ing light:-; thrown hy the lanterns of the guides came through thc woods.
Across the road, slowly, carefully, came strung men, bearing on a rough
hastily made litter of boughs the dear old man. AlJ that could haye been
done for the most distingUIshed guest, for the dearest, best-beloved friend,
was done for the gentle fbherman. We, his friends, and proud to style our-
selves thus, were of different, widely separateù lands, greatly varying creeds.
Some were neadyas old as the dying man, some ill the prime of manhouù.
There were youth
and maidens and little children, But through the night
we watched together. The old Roman bishop, whose calm, benign face we
an know ünd loye; the Churchm.m, ascetic ill faith, but with the kindest.
most indulgent heart when one findsit; the gentle old Quakeress with placid,
un wrinkled brow amI Ri1yery hair; Preshyterian, )Iethodist, and nnptist,-
we were all one that night. The old angler did not suffer-we werc so glad
of that! nut he did not appear to know U
, and his talk seemed strange. It
rambled on quietly, ðoftly, like vne of his own lllountain brooks. babhling of
green fiehls, of sunIlY Hlmmer ùay
, of his favorite sport, and ah ! of other
thing
. nut he was not speaking to us. A sudden, awed hush and tlll.ill
camc oycr us a
, hending to catch the low words, we all at once understood
what only the bi
hvp put into WOf(t
as he said. lwlf to himself, in a .:-:ndden,
quick, broken whisper, .. (
od ble;:-
the man, he's talking to his :\Iastl'r!"
.. Yes. sir, that\;:
o," ".ent on the quiet yoice; ., 'twas on'y a dog, sure
nuff; [wa 'n't en'll a boy, as ye
ay, an' ye ast me to he a fiðher 0' mcn. nut
4:3:2
AX
YIE TRUJIBULL SLOSSO
V.
[1804-89
I haint had no chance for that, somehow; mebbe I wa'n't fit for 'to I'm on)
jest a poor old fisherman, Fishin' Jimmy, ye know, sir. Ye useter call me
Jamcs-no one else e"erdone it. On'ya dog? But he wa'n't jest a common
dog, sir; he was a fishin' dog. I never seed a man love fishin' mol' 'n Dash."
The dog was in the ruom, and heard his name. Stealing to the bedside, he
put a cold nosc into the cold hand of his old friend, and no one had the heart
to take him away. The touch turned the current of the old man '8 talk for a
moment, and he was fishing again with his dog friend. .. See 'em break,
Dashy
See 'em break! Lot.s on 'em to-day, :tint they? Keep still, there's
a good dog. while I put on a diffunt fly. Don't ye see they're jumpin' at
them gnats? Aint the water jest 'live with 'em? .dint it shinin' an' clear
an'- " The \-oice faltered an instant, then went on: " Yes, sir, I'm COI1l-
in'-I'm glad, drcffie glad to come. Don't mind 'bout my leavin' my fishiu';
do ye think I care 'bout that? I'll jest lay down my pole ahin' the alders
here, an' put my lan'in' net on the stuns, with my flies an' tackle-the boys
'Illike \'m, ye know-an' I'll be right along.
,. I mus' knowed ye was on'y a-tryin' me when ye i'aid that 'bout how I
haòn't been a fisher 0' men, nor eyell bOY8, on'y a clog, 'Twas a-fishin'
dog-ye knuw-an' ye was allers dreffie good to fishermen,-dreffie good to
--everybody; died-for 'em, didn't ye?-
., Please wait-on-the bank there, a minnit; I'm comin' 'crost. "ater's
pretty-cold this-
pring-an' the stream's risin'-but-I-can-do it;-
don't }-e mind- 'bout me, sir. I'll get a
rost." Once more the ,oice ceased,
and we thought we should not hear it again this side that stream.
But suddenly a strange light came oyer the thin face, the soft gray eyes
opened wide, and he cried out, with the strong voice we had so often heard
come ringing out to us across the mountain streams above the sound of their
rushing: "Here I be, sir! It's Fishin' Jimmy, ye know, from Fral1cony
way; him ye useter call James when ye come 'long the shore 0' the pond an'
I was a-fishin'. I heerll ye agiu, jest now-an'I-straightway-f'ðook-my
-nets-an'-follered- "
Had the voice ceaseò utterly? No, we could catch faint, low murmurs and
the lips still moved. But the words were nut for us; and we did not know
when he reached the other Lank.
It:l34-t"9]
PATRICK FR
LVCI8 J/CLL_LVí.
-133
patrtcli rrancíø j11Ullanp.
(BROTHER _-\.ZARL\.:3.)
Bo<<:>. in COUllty Tippel'ary, lrelauù, 1:-;47.
lDIEHsuX _\XD XE\Y)L\
.
[On Thinking: _In A.rillre..,.>; D"ltl'ernlttl !lork 1/ill College, lSì8.-1881.]
THE PHILO
OPHEB.-TliE CnrRCH)IAX.
T 1L\..T you may aU the better understand the nature and scope of sound
thinking, I will mention for )our cOllsideration twu li,ing thinker:-; in
different hemispheres of onr glube al1l1 standing- at ')ppusite poles of humall
thonghts-men at the sume time acknowle(lged masters of our own language.
They 1Joth have this in common, that each i::; retiring, :-ensiti,"e, shrinking
from mere notoriety, not over-anxious to speak and speaking ouly when each
ha
something tu say, Theyare loved by all who know them, admired by thou-
ands and mi:::un(lerstood by thouf'ands mure. One of the
e ið Ralph "-aldo
Emerson. lIe is pusscð:5ed of a mind likc the Eolian harp. It is awake to the
most delicate impre:-sions, and at every breath of thought gi\es out a music all
its own. His
ympathies with :Katurf' are:,o strong-so intensc, so real-tl1<.1.t
they seem to bke root with the plant, to infuse themseln's into the Lrute
creation, and to think and tlCt with his fellow-man,
\ thing, he it an insti-
tution, or a custom, or a hahit, exist:,; that suffices for Emer:,on: it must there-
fore be good, an(l useful, and beautiful in it:-; own way. lIe ið a pa::isionate
lovCl. of the heautiful: he would rcduce all morality to a code of æsthetics.
Beauty of thought. beauty of expression, beauty of action, heautyof manners
-tll(.se are thc outcome of his philosophy. Suprewe culture is for him su-
preme human perfection, But withal, he is a thinker who has learm.d how
to a
similate the Le
t thought
of the Lest writers and make them fructify in
his own mind. His lines of thought are narrow, but he thinhs on them in-
tensely. Xot unfrequently his language only half expr('
('s that whieh his
mind labors to gi,"e utterance to. Some of his a
sertions are riddle
. He
speaks with the my
teriousness of the Sphinx. lIe disdains argument. lIe
wi11 not reason ,rith you, He is content tu throw out the hint or the
llgges-
tion: you may take it or leave it. He neyer obtrudes hi mself upon you.
Unfortunately fur Emerson and the yulue of hi
utterances.
le ignores the
supernatural in man. His view of religion is that of a merely human insti-
tution. He is tolerant only in certain direction
. lie h
lS never acquired the
large-sighteùness that is expected from a Ulan of his culture. Let him expa-
tiate on the X ature he loves, on society, on manners, on experience, on 1et-
ter
and social aims, and he is ac1mirahle,
uggestive, original; hut once he
descends to concrete living issues, we find only the lifeless hones of intoler-
ance dressed np with the time-worn garments of Xew Englanrl puritanical
p1'l'judices. I hola this man up to you that yuu may learn both from his
strength ami his weaklle::,s. You can no more make a modcl of his minll than
VOL. XI. -'28
434
P
1 TRICK FRA._YGIS _}[[;-LLA
YY.
[1834-89
you can of his style. He is in some reFpects a law to himself. The secn't of
his success lies in this: that he does not isolate a thought; he studies its rela-
tions so far as his intellectual vision ranges. Could you imbibe his sympathy
for Kature without becoming imbuetl with his pantheism; could you acquire
his culture without the dilett:mteism that accompanies it; ('ould you make
his love for the beautiful in all shapes and umler all condition,;; your own-
looking above all beyond the mere surface into the deeper and more spiritual
beauty of things-you woulù be learning the whole le::;son I wish you to draw
from his intellectual life.
And now that I have ll'd you into t})(> illIwr chambers of Emerson's mind.
and shown you the points of excellence and deficiency in his thinking, let me
with le:->s reserve place before you a still greater living example of this power
of thinking, that you may in admiration, and at a distance, and each in l]is
own sphere, follow in his footstL,p:o:. His word carrie
,,"eight wherever the
English language is known. His name is re,'cred uy all classes and creeds; (IUd
it i:-; so hecause he is thoroughly honest in tbe exprcs
i()n of his con,-iction:-;,
He does not understanll the art of f'pecial pleading; he has never learned the
trick of covering up disagreeahle truths or removing out of sight a fact calcu-
latell to tell against him. Enduwed with une of the most acute intellects e,-er
bestowed upon man, anù well ùisciplinel1 by severe study and profound medi-
tation, it was his delight to grapple with difficulties. That mind, so ingenious
and searching, never rested till it found the basis of an opinion or struck the
central idea of a s}stem. It is often to me a
ource of wonder huw much pa-
tient. earnest thought its eminent posse::,::;or must haye brought to bear upon
an Ülea uefore he could see it in so many lights, yiew it in such different re-
lations, and place it before the milld in all the nal
edness of truth. But this
is one of the characteristics of great thinkers, and such preëminently is Car-
dinal John lIenry Newman. It is now about three years since I met him in
the bare, morlest parlor of the Birmingham Oratory, and I need scarcely add
that that meeting is one of the lllOðt precious inciòents in my life. I thought
the very simplicity of that parlor was ill keeping with the greatness of the man,
Tinsel. or decoration, or an air of worldlincss would June jarred with thc :-::im-
})le, unassuming ways of the noble soul I met there. He had then lately
returned from his beloved Oxford, where his old alma Illater. Trinity Col-
lege, did itself an honor and him an act of tardy justice in inducting him að
Honorary Fellow, This yeteran knight of natural and rcyealed truth louked
old and worn; his hair wws blanched; his features were furrowed with the
traces of age. His manners were gentle and cOlldesccndillg. His voice was
soft and beautiful in its varied modula1:ions-now serious, now playful, ac-
cording to the subject he r-:poke upon. 'Yith the most exquisite tact he list-
cned or placed his remark as the case required. There was a charm in his
conversation. As it flowed along placid anù pleasant, his countcnance glowed
with a nameless expression; hi
eyes sparkled, and he spoke with all the
strength and clearness of a man whose intellectual yigor is still unimpaired.
I was not half an hour in his presence when I felt the spell of that irresiðtible
personal iufluence which be has swayed through life, whether within the
183-1-:39 J
P..1TRICH FRA.....YClS ...1IULLA.JYY.
435
wall:; of Oriel, or from the Protestant pulpit of St.
lury's or in the retire-
ment of the Oratory. I then understood the power that shook the
\.nglican
Church to its very bal5Ís six anù thirty )-ears ago, Thuugh endowed with the
delicate sensibility of the puet, Cardinal :x ewman nc\-er lll.'rmit:; .sentiment or
feeling or inclination ur confirmed habit to control or l1ivèrt the se,-ere lugic
of his noble reason. See for in:-;tance the ellution with which he took the mo
t
important step in his ìong career. For years inclination and grace anù the
logic of hi:,: mind had heen leading him into the Cathulic Ohurch, but he
make.;; no mon' that is not fir
t sanctioned bv rea
on and conscience. His
sympathie8 have gone forth to her long bcfor
proof or argument point the
way; but he holtb aloof till reason becomes cunvince,1. He evcn keeps others
for years from entering her Oommunion.
\.nd whiJ:.;t writing:1. hook in favor
of that Ohurch he (10c8 not yet make up hi3 mind to Leeome a member; he re-
8et"\'e
to hilll
elf the chance uf changing his yiews after the whole argumellta-
ti-ye procesl:i influencing hiæ. ha:; been placed hcÎore him in writing. And in
aU thi:-; he is acting ;;;illcereIY amI in fYood faith, Protestaut:-; qnestion his
hone:-:ty; Catholics fear hE- ala) be trifling with graee; but all the
àme he
wait...: and pr:1Ys and the truth grow:;: upun him from the gray of dawn tu the
full light of clay. Ke,'er for a single moment did he falter through the whole
course of the long amI painful struggle; from tir:-:t to last he acrcd accOl'ùing
to hi
light:-:; (
od respected the l}arne
t en(kayor amI blessed it and crowned
it with the grace of conyersion. I repeat it, it is thi
fìtrict and chi,alric ad-
herence to truth at all time:-; and under all circumstances that has won him
the prufound respect an,l aùmiration of Ohri:-;temlom. He disciplined his
mind into thl' hahit of seeing things a:-; they are and of expressing them as he
sees them, till it has becomc an impossibility for him to do otherwise.
His i
a mind wfoIl worth your study. It:; logical acuteness ið something
llwl'\"ellous. Its analyzing power is :-:earching and exhaustive. Its introsprc-
tion seems to be all-seeing. lIl' under:-:taIHl:o:; so we1l the check
an<llimitations
of the human intellect that he is never Fati
fie,l to accept an idea for the rea-
sons on its facc, lIe goes hack of the formal demon8tration to what he con-
siders the far more powerful nwti n's of credibility, The Eyllogism f:ays not
all. The real conyincing anù ahidin
J'('a
tJns on \rhich a l'ropo:-:ition is ac-
cepted as true arc beyond either premises or conclusion. "As to logic, .. he
rem
rks, H its chain of conc]uFions hallg,.: loo
e at both ('HI]:.;: both the point
from which the pruof should ðtaJ't, aJHI the points at which it should arrive,
arc beyond its reach; it comes short hnth of fir:'oìt princip]('s and of concrete
issnes. " Besides all this there arC' undercurrent::; of sentiment and inclina-
tion, aSbociations of illeas, ohscurc memories, half confe:-:sell motiye,.:, proha-
bilities, popular impressiou5 that J('termine the frame of miud and the tonr.
of thought, :Iud they all of them enter hi::: calculations. ,.
\.nd
uch mainly
is the way," he ten
us, "in \\'hich all men, :rifted or not gifted, commonly
l'eason,-not by rule, but h
an inward faculty." .A. mind recognizing all
these clement:, uf thought and eoÖrùinating them, and giving each its ,nlue
and position, is the highest ideal of a well-thilll,ing millll that I can phwe be-
fure YOU, But I ha\<e not yet saiù all.
C
;rdinal X ewmau's mi
ù i;:; abuve all a religious milH1. Ueligion is for him
4:3G
JIA.R r IIA.RTW.i!.LL C_ll'lIER WOOD.
[183-!-8D
a reality-an intense reality; it is a sacred tunic clothing all hi
thoughts aUlI
making thcm holy and earnest; it is an essential part of his existence; it is
the life of his life. And this i
nùt simply thl' religion of sentiment or uf the
mcrc viewine::-
of doctrine and do
ma, but r2ligiun based upon cleal'-ent
ùoctrines and well-defined principle
. ", From the age of fifteen
'-hc tells
us in one of those reyelatioll:5 of himsdf that light np his suul alIll
how the
man-"' dogma has becn the fUllùamental principle of my religion: I know
of no other r('ligion; I cannot enter into the idea of any other sort of reli-
gion; religion as a sentiment is to me a mere dream and a mockery.
h well
can there he filial love without the fact of a father, as llevotiun without the
fact of the t:\upreme Being. " Here ið the central thought of Car(linal Xew-
man's intellect. All thoughts, all issucs group arOlllld that one idea. To him
who reads between lines, every Se1"mOll, every.es::-:ay, eyery tl'('atise of the six
and thirty volumes penned hy his hand, reveals a soul ('\"er questioning, l'\-Cr
strugghng with diffieultie:5, e"Ver soh-ing to itself the l'roblcl1lð and i
sues of
the day, eyer arranging anù rearranging ill cl('ar,
\-ell-(lefine(l order its own
views and opiniuns-and all for one ohject awl with one result, that of har-
monizing them with the teachings of religion. The thoughtsaml questionings
and theorlCs again:;:t which other strong ana well-equipped intellects
trng-
gled only to be made captives of irreligion and agnosticism, he also \\T(':-:t1e<1
with and became their master, each new effort giving hinuulditional strength;
and now. his laurels won, he looks upon the intellectual struggles of the day
with the repose of a warrior who IHl:5 been-in the fight and has come out of it
a victor.
:fRat}! l
att\\1cll Q:atl)C"t\uoon.
BOH
in Luray, Ohiu, 1-;47.
SIErR DE L.\ S.AIJLE AXD :-\.\IXTE .TE.\XXE.
[1'711' Story of Tonty. 1
9n.]
J EAN5E LE BER sat down upon a high-backed hench hefore t.he fire in
the upper room. This apartment was furnÜ:lwd and decorated only ùy
abundant firelight, which danced on stone walls amI hard dark rafters, on
rough floor and high enclosure of thc stairway. At opposite sides of the
.room were doors which Jeanne did not know opened into chambers scarcely
larger than the sleeper
who might lodgc therein.
She sat in strained thought, without unwrapping h('r
('lf, though shud-
ders were sent through her ùy damp raiment. "
hen her fatlwr eHIlle np \yith
the .;:ergeant who carried their
uppcr. he took off her cloak, smoothed her
hair, and tenderly reproved her. He set the clishe:5 on the bench between
them, and persuaded Jeanne to eat what he caned fur her,-a swarthy lH1f8C
who:5e solicitude astoulHled the so1tlier.
18;3-1--89]
JIARY H_1Rl'1rELE CATHERWOOD,
437
Another man camp up and open ell the door nearest the chimney, on that
side which o"\""erlooked the fortress enclosure, lIe paused in descending,
loaded with the commandant's pO::iSe:;;siolls, to say that this ueùroom wa:; de-
signed for mademoise1lc, and WH3 now ready.
., And thou must get to it as soon as the river's chill i:5 warmed out of tIn"
l'ones," said Le Ber,
., I will sit and hear the worthy friar downstairs teÌl
his strange adT"entures. rrhe sound of your vuice can reach me with no effort
whate'"er. ....\Iy bedroom ,,-ill be next yom's, or near by, anù no harm can
befall yon in Fort Frontenac. ,.
Jeanne kissed his cheek before he returned to the lower room, and when
the suppcr was f('movl'll she sat drying herself hy the fire.
The eager piety of her early girlhooù, which was almost fautastic in its
expreð:5ion, had yet worked out a nobly spiritual face. She wa:5 a beautiful
sain t.
For se'"eral year::i .Jeanne Ie Bel' had refused the onlinary clothing of
women. Her risible g:ll'mcnt ""as made of a soft fine blanket of white wool.
with long sleeves falling nearly to her feet. It was girded to her waist by [I,
cord from which hung her rosary, Her neck stood slim and white abm"e the
top of this robe, without ornament e
Jept the peaked monk's hood which
hung hehind it.
This creature like a flame of living ,,"hite fire stood up and turned her back
to the ruddier logs, and clasped her hands across the top of her head, Her
e
es wa:5ted scintillations on rafters while she waited for heavenly peace to
calm the ..:trong excitement drÏ\-ing her.
The lloor of Jeanne's chamher stood open as the soldier had left it. A.t the
opposite side of the room a similar door opened, and La Salle came out. lIe
moved n stt'p toward the hearth, but stopped, and the pallor of a swoon filled
hi
face.
,. Sienr Ile la Balle," said Jeanne in a whisper.
he let her arms
lip do,,'n
hy her sides. The eccentric robe with its background of firelight cast her up
tall and white before hi;; ('ves.
In the explorer's mO:5t s'uccessful moments he had ne'-er appeared so ma-
jestic. Thongh his dre:,s was tarnished hy the wilderne::,s, he had it carefully
arranged; for he liked to feel it fitting him with an cxactne:-:s which would
not annoy his thought:-:.
So formal greeting preluded the crash of this encountcr betweell La Salle
and Jeanne Ie Bel'. "-hat had lain repressed by prayer and penance, or had
he en trodden down league lJy league in the wilds, leaped out with strength
made mighty hy such repre
sion.
Yoices in loud and merry conversation hclowand occasionallanghtercame
up the open stairway and maJe accompaniment to this half-hushed duet.
" J eann e," sta mme red La SaIl c.
"Sieur dc la RaIle, I wa:; just going to my room."
She moved away from him to the side of the hearth, as he ad,'anced and
sat down UPOIl the bench, Lllconscious that she stood while he was sitting,
as if overcome by sudden lJlindne:;s llè reached toward her with a groping
ge:-:ture.
438
.J.YAR Y HARTWELL CATHERTVOOD.
[1834-89
" Take hold of my hand, Sainh' Jeanne. ,.
" And if I take hold of your hand, Sienr de la Salle. " murmured the girl,
bending toward him, though she held her arms at her sides, "what profit
will it be to ei ther of us? ,.
., I beg that yon will take hold of my hand."
Her hand, quivering to each finger-tip, moved out and met and was clasped
in his. La RaIle's head dropped on his breast.
Jeanne t.urned away her face. Voices and laughter jangled in the room
helow. In this silent room pulse answered pulse, and with slow encounter
eyes answereù the adoratiun uf eyes. In terror of herself Jeanne uttered the
w bispered cry :
., I am afraid!"
She veiled herself with the long slem.e of her robe.
" And of what should you be afraid when we are thus near together?"
said La Salle. "The thing to be afraid of is losing this. Such gludness has
been long coming; for I was a man when yuu were born. ::)ainte Jeanne."
"Let go my hand, Sieur de la SaUe. "
"Do you want me to let it go, Sainte Jeanne? "
"No, Sieul' ùe la Salle."
Dropping her sleeve, Jeanne faced heaven through the rafters. Tears
stormed down her face, and her white throat s\\E'llcd with strong repref:8ed
sobs. Like some angel caught in a snare, sbe whispered lwr up-directed
wail:
" All my enormity must now be confessed! Whenever
ieur de In.
alle
has been assailed my soul rose up in arms for him. Oh, my poor father! So
deur has Sieur de la Salle been to me that I hateù the hatred of my father.
'Yhat shall I do to tear out this awful lu,"e? I have fought it through mid-
nights and !->olitary days of ceaseless prayer. Oh, Sieur de Ia Salle, why art
thou such a man? Pray to God and invoke the saints for me, and help me tu
go free from this love! '-'
., Jeanne," said La Salle, "you arc so holy I dare touch no more than this
sweet hane1. It fills me with life. Ask me not to pray to God that he will
take the life from me. Oh, Jeanne, if you could reach out of your etermty
of de,'otion and hold me always by the hand, what a man] might be !"
She dropped her ('yes to his face, saying like a soothing muther :
"Thou grcatest and dearcst, there is a gulf between us which we cannot
pass. I am vowed to Heaven. Thou art vowed to great enterprises. The
life of the family is not for us. If God showed me my way by thy side I would
go through any wilderness. But Jeanne was made to listen in prayer and
silence and secrecy and anguish for the word of Heaven. The worst i:-:, "-
her stormy sob again shook her from head to .foot,-" you will he at court,
and beautiful women will love the great explorer. And one wiH shine; she
will be set like a star as high as the height of being yonI' wife. And Jellnne,
-oh, Jeanne! hcre in this rough, new world,-she must eternally learn to
be nothing! "
" ::\ly wife! " said La Sane, turn1ng her hanrl in his clasp, and laying his:
cheek in her palm. " You are my wife. There is no court. Therc is no
18ú4-
a]
JlAR Y HARTWELL C
lTHER WOOD.
439
world to discoyer. There is only the sweet, the rose-tender palm of my wife
where I can lay my tirell cheek and rest. "
..Teanne'::; fingers moved with involuntary caressing along the lowest curve
of his face,
\..n cmber feU on the hearth beside them. and Father Hennepin empha-
sized some point in his relation with a stamp of his foot.
· . Yon left a glo"\'"e at illY father 's hou
e, ðieur de la Salle, ana I hid it : I
put my face to it. And when I burned it, my own blood seemed to ooze out
of that crisping glove. "
La Salle trembled. The dumb and
olitary man was dumb and solitary in
his love.
,. "Sow 'we mu:ö:t part. " breathed Jeanne. "Hea,en is strangely merciful
to sinners. I neyer could name you to my confeððor or show him this form-
less <tng"llish; but now that it has heen owned and ca!'t out. m \- heart is glad. "
La
alle r
s<.> up and stood by the hearth, As she drew he;' hand fr
m his
continued hold he opened his arms. Jeanne stepped backward, her eyes
s'warming with motes of light. She turned and reached he!' chamber-door;
hut as the saint receded from temptation the woman rose in strength. She
ran to La Salle, and with a tremor and a sob in his armð, met his mouth with
the one kiss of her life. A::; suddenly she ran from him and left him,
La Salle had hfld his Hlhlime moment of standing at the centre of the uni-
verse and seeing all thillgð swing around him. which comeð to everyone
succcs5ful in embodying a "ast idea. But from thið height he look<.>d ùown
at that experience.
lIe stooù still after Jeanne's door closed until he felt his own intrusion.
This (lrovc him downstairs and out of the house, regardless of Jacques Ie
Bel', }"'ather llennepin, and the officers of the fortrc':5s, who turned to gaze
at his transit.
Proud l3atisfaction, strange in a ruined man, appeared on the explorer's
face. He fc1t his reverses as cohweh
to he hrushed away. He was loved.
The king had been turned against him. His enemies hatl procured Count
Froutenac's rCIllO\"al, and La Barre the new go\eruor, conspiring to seize
his estate, had ruiued his credit. But he was }o\-ed, Eyen on this home-
ward journey an officer had p3ssed him with authority to take possession of
his new post on the Illinois Ri,er. His disco,"eries were rloubted anù sneered
nt, as \\'('11 as half claimed by boasting :-:ubordinates. ,dlO knew nothing about
his greater yiews. Yet the only 1:5oftener of this man of nohle granite was a
spirit-like girl. who regarded the lo,e of her womanhood as sin.
La Salle stood in the midst of enemie
. lie stoocl considering merely how
his will
hou1<l break (town the religious walls .Jeanne built around herself,
and how Jacllues Ie Bel' mi:rht be conciliated by
hnres in the profits of the
,,- est. Behind stretched his shadowed life, fun of misfortune: good was
hehl out to him to be withdrawn at the touch of his fingers. But this good
he determined to have; and thinking of her, La Salle walked the stiffened
frost-crisp ground of the fortre:-:s half the night.
440
'ICHOLAð PALYE GILJIA}{.
[1834-81J .
ßíclJola
paínc Ciltnan.
HORX in Quincy, Ill., 1849.
TIlE WAGES SYSTE)I.
[Profd Shal'illg befu'een Employe1. and Employee. 188!).]
T HE declaration is frequently made tbat the wages system is fundamen-
tally wrong in its partition of benefits. It is
aid to he, like sla'-en- and
serfdom, but one stage in tbe secular development of industry, out of \
'hieh
we must advance into a new" fourth form of contract, " for which "coöpcr-
ation" is the hest name. Chateaubriand eyen affirmed that tbe wage-earner
is under a sy
tt'm of "prolonged slavery." Declamation to the same effect
is frequently heard to-day from labor-reformers. It is hardly necessary to
point out that these assertions do not proceed from men who have had prac-
tical experience of the lot of the slave. A very brief period of seryitude would
probably suffice to prove to them the emptiness of such rhetoric. Because
slavery and serfdom, under which the laborer was not a free contracting
agent, have practically disappeared from the civilized \\"orld, it does not, hy
any means, necessarily follow that the wages system, under which the em-
ployee is free from all legal coercion, must alsu pass away. On general
grounds, it is more probable that, lwying succeed('d to sla,eryand l:ierfdOlìl
on its intrinsic merits as a system of free contract, it will endure very long,
amI wi1l undcrgo evolution rather than perish in revolution. The advan-
tages it secures to the laboring man, as we see them in observing the simple
facts of industrial life, are so great, in compari80n with its ùisadvantageð} that
we might naturally expect the first com plaints againðt it to proceed from the
employer rather than frum the employee.
Let us look for a moment at the natural history of a modern manufactory,
An enterprising man perceives, as be thinks, an opening tu make money by
estahlishing and operating a woollcn-manufactory in a certain place. Using
capital, his own or borrowed, he erects a building and stocks it with ma-
chineryat an expense of tens of thousands of dollars. ...\..fter he has bought
the wool and other material, he must have persons to run Lis engines and
tend his looms. They will not work for nothing, as they mnst ha,e at least
the mealls of subsistence. \rImt shall he offer them? Suppose that he bas
been so unwise as to exhaust all his capital, and his credit as well, at the very
outset, before a yard of cloth is made, Suppose that he then endeavors to
engage workpeoplc by prumising them simply a fixeù share in the prufits.
\Yhat would the sensible workman have to
ay to such a proposition of coöp-
eration, where he himself would invest no money capital and would reeei,e
no regular wages? \Y oulù he not an::;wcr: "How sball I live, and
upport
my family, while the woollens are makingnnd are Ilot yet sold? OthcJ"work-
men object to the dela
' of a month in getting their wagt--ð. They wish to be
paid every fortnight, or evcry week; and such frequent payment is "cry ad-
vantageous to them. I should ba,"e to wait an indefinite number of weeks or
18:i4-1::9
..1.YICHOLAf:J P AI...YE GILJfA..LY.
441
months, until yon effect a sale of the goods I have helped to make, I might
indeed manage to get aloug on credit, paying more, in the end. than if I
Lought for ca::ih. But will the grocer, and the Lutcher, and the tailor, and
the house-uwner give me crcdit if I am to receive no wages, and must depend
cntirely for my deferred recompcnse upon your skilful conduct of the busi-
ness? For here comes the pinch. While my as
ociates and my::;clf may do our
Lest in making woollens, you, with all your efforts, may reap but a small profit
in ::selling them. Kay, who knows if there will turn out to be any profit at all?
Ko! I cannot take such a risk. Pay me the avel'age wages, e,-en if they are a
less return for my labor than what you would give me out of the profits.
Then I shal1lun-e some regularity and some certainty about my income, and
can adjust my expenses to it. Theu I can buy in the cheapest market. Take
yourself all the risks of business, reap your
elf the profits, anù bear yourself
the losses as they may come, anù give me the certainty of regular wages. ..
Sueh would betheprobableanswerof H, prndcntworkingman tothe impru-
dent manufacturer. If he werè then engaged elsewhere on wages, he might
afterward havea conflict with his employer as to the fairne
s of his pay, but
he coulù not a::;k that the system it
elf, of a regular fixed payment for::;o many
hours' work, shoulù he abolished in favor of a ùistant share in precarious
prouts. How douhtful Ruch a prosppct would be, appears from the usual e
ti-
mates of the proportion of men who fail to make a profit in conùucting Im::ii-
nes::; of their own. The fact has been already noted that business men often
S:lY that only 5 per cent. succeeù while 95 per cent. fail. These latter figures
may hc eX:1f[gerated. In France, said a witnc::s::; before a parliamentary com-
mittee previously (luoted, ó, out of 100 business men, 10 make llwney, 50vege-
tate,and 40 fail ('ntirely, .. 'raking thiH more favorable estimate, wc
ee that the
workman's chances of g-ettin
a payout of profitl'i equal to thc average \\'ages
would be, at the outsiùe, only three out of five: while those employers of labor
who" vegetate," in the French phrase, usually pay the lowest wages, H:mlIy
would the lahoreI', thcn, ha'"e more than one chance in ten of getting good
wages under such a coüperati'e contract as we have supposed. It is not to
such risks as these that we should im"ite the worker who has no capital to fnll
back upon in case of loss. It i::; evidently inexpedient if not unju::;t to make
the entire compensation of the operati'"e depend upon the chances of the mar-
ket, or the commercial skill of the manager. Thc workingman cannot Hfford
to take these risks; he can support himself on lower wages than arc his just
due, hut he cannot gi,"e up thc fre(luency and certainty of recompen
e which
the wages system a
sllrc's him.
I. Paul Lcroy-Beaulieu well says: .. 'rages
render the employee responsible for his own work, and ùo not le:l\e him de-
pcndent on the ùoings of others, on thcir intelligence, administrative ability,
and understanding of affairs. and on thc general pro
perity. "
ap"es are a
kind of insurance against the pu::;sible incapacity or the e'-C11Ìunl malrulresse
of the commanùer and director of labor."
The imperative necessity, to modern laborer,;;, of the stability and regular-
ityof wages is practically cOllfes::sed by those who arc working out coüpera-
tion in practice. There are very few establishments for coüp('ratin
pr0l111c-
tion in whieh there is not a hody of au).ilial'Y workmen, not admitted to a
4-:12
NICHOLAS P A LYE GILJIAlY.
[1834-89
share in the profits but paid by the day, the same as if they were employed in
an ordinary establishment. These coüperative associations. again, u
ually
make advances on account to their member
, to enahle them to meet their
rUIll!lng expenses. These aù Yanec
, large or small. are simply wages under
another name. One fact sufficientl}T pron's this, In case these adnmces are
not wages, they must be loans which are capable of recO"very by the lender,
But when coüperative assl)ciation
fai:, a::; most of them have donc thus far,
no creditor takes steps to recover from the members the
UlllS they have re-
ceiyed on account. These adnmces on account arc no more repaid in fact
than arc ordinary wage:; when the wage-paying firm fails.
Taken as a whole. then, and in its most general operation, the wages sys-
tem might seem to be more favorahle to the employee than to the employer.
Gr:lnting that the proportion of men who succeeù as empluyers of labor on
any considerable scale is larger than any of the estimates usually made, and
supposing that it actuaHy amounts tu one third instead of one tenth of al1
who make thc attempt, then the advantage of regular wages is two to one in
fayur of the workman, and against the employer. Only in one ca::se out of
three, undcr this F'upposition, would the employee rccei,e less thëln a di vision
of profits in lieu of wages would gi ve him; aud it might ofteu be only a little
less. In two cases out of three he receives more in wages than a division of
the product as sold would entitle him to. It should be obvious, then, that
the wages system, so far from bcing a slightly modifieù form of slavery, is in
fact a kind of coöperative association, in which the larger part of the risks
and uncertainties falls to the manager, and the larger portion of the certain
anù regular return to the men. As)!. Émile Clwvallier has exeellelltly stated
the case, the wages system is " an aSðociation su i generis, which one of the
partllcrs has entered only on condition of being in advanee freed from the
risks inherent in the enterprise, the part to fall tu him being fixedancl the time
of its payment." Such is the actual character of thc ordinary method of re-
munerating labor in civilized countries at thc present day. The workman
cannot afford to take more risk than he actually does in contractin
with a
manager whose business ability is an uncertain quantity. If thl] employer is
so inefficient or unfortunate as to luse money, he fails, and the employee must
seek work elsewhere, Against such a lo
s of employment the workman can
have no safeguard, other than hi
own Rhrewdness in choosing his employer,
when a choice is open to him. rrhis one risk he must take. Kcarly every other
risk of loss is thrown upon the ma
ter, so that practically the workman has
many of the advantages of a::;sociation wit.hout Vlost of its incollyeniences.
Thc naturalness of the wages system. as compared with c({ual coüperation,
appears when we considcr thc truth, which so many injudicious "friclllls of
labor" fail to perC'eive, that haml-work is but one factor in production. Cap-
ital and skill are the two other factor
, each a
indispensable in the joint work
as labur itself. Coüperative producers find it impossible, of cuurse, tl) do with-
out capital. whether this be oOlTo\Ved or eonsist unly of their own modest sav-
ings. They have not maùe the attempt, though some political econumists of
the first rank have committed the mi
take of attributing it to them, to do
without the capitalist. As President F. A. 'Yalker, ill company with leading
1834-
9 J
.J..YICHOLAS P
lLYE GILJLLY.
443
French economists, has sh0'vn, the actual effort of coöpernti\"e producers is
., to get rid of the entrepreneur, or manager," whose skill brings capital and
labor together under his own dircction, in a partnership the result of which
is proportional to his l.msiness ability, 'We may simply note, in passing, the
\"ery meagre results yet achieved in coöperative production. despite great ex-
penditure of effort: the fact indicates a fundamental wea.kness in thc methoù.
The democratic dement in modern society is undoubtedly gaining in
strength with every year, and there is no good rcawn for lamenting its ad-
vance. But it will ne'"er do away with the natural aristocracy which has
made skill in the conduct of bU8i
es::; the endowment or the acquisition of a-
few. The many must continue to follow, as they have always clone, when
th('y did not rush to disaster: anù thc select minority of X ature '::; choosing
must C'ontinue to lead, if the many are to prosper. Satural self.'ction makes
f;tern havoc with hCàùlcss coüpcrati,e a::'Süciations in competition with firms
directeù by captains of indu
try. The weakness of coüperati\e prod uction,
thus far, has been its grl)s::: undervaluation of the manager. The ùream of an
equality contradicte<l b)- the plain facts of human nature has led coüperators
to offer petty salaries and re
tricted powers to their superintendents. But
modern industry tah.('
on more and more the character of a civilized warfare
in which regiments compusl'd of brigadier-generals are quite out of place.
\Yhile, then, attempts at coüperation have been numerous thc world o\"er, the
percentage of failures is very large in consequence of this fundamental mis-
takeof underrating the part that brains have to play in successful production,
under the k('en compctition which i::; the rulc in the last half of the nincteenth
ccntury. The wngcs system, on thc contrary, is continually making inroads
into the rank
of the small dealer
, who arc forced to take
en'ice with the
largc firms. Joint-stock companies multiply in every direction, and the
number of persons on wages or salaries increases absolutely and proportion-
all ,. even" Year.
Ìt wm;ld be difficult, if not impossihle, to imagine a feasihle system of con-
ducting busine
, under the actual cunditions of thc industrial" orld, more
7<,nerally applicable, and morc in harmony with all the elements invulyed,
than thc method which is to-day assailed by many crudc thinkers að a relic
of feudalism, or even of barbarism. Its gencral prcvalcnce is a suilicient
proof of its logical strength.
pnOFTT-:-;IL\RIXG.
[From flu' SfWIP.]
THE ECOXO'HC (LUX.
P ROFIT-
H.A.RIXG, thc division of realized profits he tween the eapital-
i...t, the employer, and the employee, in addition to regular intercst,
salary, and wage
, is the most eCJuitable aud genel'
llly sati::;factory method
of rcmunerating the threc in<lustrial a
ents.
444
J.YICIIOLAS PAISE (;JLJIAX.
l183-!-89
The indirect sharing of profits has a large number of examples in all ciT"-
ijiz
a countries; the kinllly interest of the C'lllployer in his workers increases,
:l1lcl it remains to be proved that such 1l1.1mall('JlCS
i
unprofitable in even the
lowest sense. As a simple fact, such employers think ,. it pays, .. 311<.1 are
usually those most occupied with the thought of diT"ic1illg the profits of their
business with their men in a more direct way.
The great majority of the employers enumerated in this volume as prnc-
tisers of profit-sharing haT"e probably a touch of philanthropy in them; this,
it is IlC'edlC'ss.to say, has not spoill'd thelll for business. But if profit-sharing
were purdy philanthropy, these employers, sagacious and successful men as
most of them are, would not have prospered as they hayí', On the contrary,
they generally agrec that the division of a bonus among thc workmen is good
business policy, and that they have lost nothiug Ly it; in most cases they
claim that their own share is greater than the whole profits were under the
simple wage
system. Ko fallaf'Y, indeed, could he worse in this connection
than thecommon one, through which the logic of
r. Leclaire had to make its
way at the outset, that the s,ystem of participation docs not increa
e the
product, and must therefore diminish the employer's profit. In fact, the
tendency of profit-sharing is to enlarge the disposahle profitE; to such a de-
gree that the employer is better off financially thun hefore. Hí' may be more
prosperous simply hecause of freedom from difficultie.; with his employees:
industrial pe:JCc hasa high money value, as none know bettcr thallmannfact-
llrerð who hare suffered from repeated stri
es. But, looked athoth positively
and uegatively, profit-sharing ad ,'ances tbc prospcri ty of anl'stablishment by
increasing thc quantity of thc product, h) improving its quality, by promot-
ing care of implements and economy of materials, and by diminishing lahor
difficu1tics :md the cost of superilltcmlence. It thus accumulates an extra
fund of profits under the same general cOlldition:-:, any increased outlay being
mainly for the larger amount of raw material demanded for the greater
product. Out of this extra profit comes tl}e share of the men, whose dili-
gence and care have created it. By its ability to create such all extra fUllll,
in one or morc of thc ways melltionell, pro5t-sharing must stand or fall with
the grcat majority of employers, who are unahle, however willing they might
be, to conduct their business on philanthropic principles. But if the verdict
givcnlJY nine employers out of ten who have tried profit-sharing be true, then
it must be pronounced poor business policy to neglect such a means of pros-
perity.
PR.H'TlC.\L CIIlUðTL\
ITY.
Bishop Fraser declared that the dut,y of t his generation is not so much " to
christianize Socialism as to socializl' Christianity," I havc purposely a,'oided
thus far, as irrelevant. the consiùeration of prolÌt-sharing in the light of
moral aud religious duty; lJut I call not conclude without declaring my COIl-
viction that the Chri
tianity which Bishop Fraser desired to see, the religion
that its founder had in mind, i-; profoundly oPlwðcÙ to the cla:-:p-
C'lfishness
which the existing wages
ystl'm telllls to increase, and which protit-slutring,
18;j4-
9]
CILIRLES EDWLY JL1RElIAJl.
445
generally diffused, would greatly diminish. The fraternity which participa-
tion promotes is thoroughly moral, thoroughly Uhristian. Profit-sbariug
recognizes the advancing democratic element which has made itself felt ;::0
forciùly in the industrial world of late in Wal'8 and rumors of war. It meet8
that tidvancc with a hearty recognition of human brotherhood and the duties
of pr03perity. Economic science is gooù, but.. economic science enlightened
by the spirit of the Gospel, .. the spirit of enthusiasm for humanity, is better.
Kay, it is, in the last result, the only solution of the problems which beset,
with Fate's pcrsistence, thc too complacent commercial :5pirit of our day. A
plutocratic development, which has far outrun the slow evolution of con-
science among modern men, h:18 at length received sullen challenge from the
great majority who live by the labor of their hands. Peace between master
and lUall wiB cumo a8 both begin to entertain a new spirit toward each other,
and re
djnst th('reby the relations of the lahor contract, J n this industrial
reformation the ,-oice of the men whose duty it is always to remind us that
man does not Ii "e by bread alone shuu lù be potent on the side of a finer justice
and u more philanthropic spirit. The Christian gospel has had a re-birth in -
more than one perplexed age. The labur difficulties uf the troll bled nineteenth
century will find no more effectual solvent, Ecunomics must be aided by
ethics; the commercial spirit ::;hould be tempered by the Christian feeling of
the brotherhood of man. The pure Christianity to which Leclaire gave ex-
pression in his last will and testament is still the 8trongest force making for
ind ustrial and social progress.
Q:1)arlCf5 cêtl\t}Í1t jtlarlilJ8 ttt.
Bou
in O,'egon, 1
52.
TilE L
\ST FCHHO\V.
[Cnrulll'ctd Ponn,>;. 188-.]
THE Spirit of Earth with still, restoring hands,
)[id ruin mm"es, in glimmerin
cha:>m gropes,
.And mosses mantle and the hri!,!ht flower IIpes;
But Death the Plough man wanders in alllanùs,
\.nll to the last of earth Ids furrow
tands:
The gnnoe is ne"er hidden: fearful hopes
Follow the de:Hl upon the fading slopes,
\.nd there wild memories meet upon the sands.
'When willows fling their hanners to tlH' plain,
"Then rumor of wind amI S01.11111 of swhlell showers
Disturb the (lream of winter-all in vain
The grasses hurry to the grave
, the flowers
To
s their willI torches on their win(ly t()wer
:
Yet are the hleak gr:wes IOll p ly in the rain,
446
KOTED f.:,.A YI
-GS.
[1629-
POETRY.
S HE comes like the hush and beauty of the night,
But sees too deep for laughter;
Her touch is a viuratioll alH1 a light
From 'worlds before anù after.
THE VALLEY.
I K
OW a valley in the
umlll('r hills,
Haunted by little winùs and daffodils;
Faint footfalls and soft shm10ws 1'a;-;8 at nooll;
Noiseless, at night, the clouds asscmule there;
And ghostly summits k"!.ng below the lllOOll-
Dim visions lightly swung in silent air.
.ßotctJ
aríng
.
[rontinlled from 1'01. 1'11.. l)((fl"'
WÜ-HJ4.]
I ('an teIl thee where that saying was born.
TWEIÆTll :\llTllT, 1., 5.
lIan!/ othn. ,'Iaying.'I, '"!.f N]flal or gNflter note. are .<I('(/tlered tlll'O//[lh O/lI' fO/"lllo' splf.ctiullsfl'om the
1/'o/"ks of fI/I'i/" (lIltllo/"s, al/(i thU"efo/"1' /1/'(' not rt p/"illtPfl her". _lji'/I' t!( tlwse "'ltldtJùllow are of tl'llllS-
atlantic o/"igin, but halJe gained IL new t10gue tltt'Olt!J1t tltt:il' American ttpp!icatio1t.
rpox l
E
\. YIXG EXGLAXD, IK Hi;W.
Farewell, dear England! farewell, the Church of Gc>d in England, :w(1 all the
Christian friends there!- "r e go to practise the positive part of church reformation,
and propagate the gospel in
\.lllerica.
FRAKCIS nIG(iJ
()
. n87-Hi:
O.
A PL_\.XTATIOS OF HELIGIOK, KOT OF TlL-\.DE.
)Iv Fathers and Brethren this is never to 1)(' forgotten, that New-Elwland is on O }-
nally a plantation of Religion. not a plantation of Trade. Let )lerch
nts and su
h
as are increasing ('('nt per Cellt rememher this. Let others that have come over
ince at
several times undel'stand this. that worhlly gain was not the end and design of the
people of Xcw-En!!lan<1. hut Hcligion. And if any :unongst us make Ueligion as
tweh'e, and the world as thirteen, let such an one know he hath neithel' the spirit of a
true New-England man, nor yet of a sincere Chri
tian.-FJ'om an Election f:jel'mon,
" The C((I18C {!f' God {ll/flltis People iit
Yelr-Elltjl'(}/ll." CtlmlJrid(Jt. lIiISS., 27 .J/a?l, lUG3.
JOII
IIWGIXSOS. HilG-l,08.
-18"9]
lYOTED SA YI.LYGS.
447
""["XITED WE STASD, DI\-IDED WE FALL."
F,'om " The Liberty Song" : first published ù
the Boston ., (fazet"'," 18 July, 17G8.
Then join hand in hand, tn'ave Americans all,-
By uniting we stanù. by dividing we faLL!
JOHX I>Il'Iuxsox. 1732-1808,
ARTIIL""R LEE. 17 4U-U
.
TO GO,. HlTTCllIXSOX, DE1IAKDISG THE WITIIDRA'L\.L OF THE BRITISH
TROOPS FIW1[ BOSTOS, _\FTER TIlE )L\.::;::;.\.CRE OF 5 )[AHCH, 17';'u,
Both Regiments. or Xone!
S.nll"EL Anxm; [for the Doston Town )Ieeting]. lÎ
-18U3.
IX TIlE ('OXTIXEXL\.L COXGHE:::;:::;, 5 :::;EPTE'lBER, 1'474.
I am not n Virginian, bnt an Amcrican.
PATRICK IIEXRy. 173ß-9fJ.
AT THE SIGXIXG OF THE DECL\.RATIOX OF IXDEPEXDEX('E, 4: .TCLY. 1'47ö.
'Ve must all hang toge
her, or assure(lly we shall all hang separately.
BEXJA:UDf PRAXKLIX. 17üû-fJO,
HIS L.\.
T WORDS. SE\\- YORK, 22 SEPTDInEH, 177fj.
I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my Country.
X A THA
HALE. 1 Î.).)-7G.
" BROTHER JO.YATIL\.X.
'We must consult Brother .Tonathan.-.Jlerwiu[l his secretm'y and aide, (Ynlonel Jona-
thnn Tl'Il1ubull rif ConUf'rtiClit.
Pol YIS PArE
1. P.\.fL\. B.ELLL\L
To he preparc(l for war is one of the most effectual means of prescrving pcaf'e,-
F;'()Jn (t f;peech t() COII[l,'et58, 8 JllIlIlrtl'Y, t 7ÛÛ.
(h:OIWE \\Y ASmXGTOX, l'ì3
-û!).
NOTED -\.Pl'LIC \TIOX OF 1L\.TIIEW I1EXUY':-'; PHR.\.SE, 17&
.
I consider hiennial elections n
a security that the so her, sccond thought of the peo-
ple shall be law.
FI
IIER ..o:bæ... 1 ;.")8-1808.
448
.YOTED SA rL' G:i.
[lü29-
OF CA
DIDATCRE FOR OFFICE.
That honor ought neithel' to be solicited nor refused.
"FEW DIE, AXD XOXE HE::;I(';'X,""
If a tlue participation of office b a matter of right, how are ,'acancies to be obtained?
Those by Death nre few: by resignation, none, - Tv It CO'lUitÍttee of tlte Jlei'chantð vj
.LYelo IIllcen, CO/tit" 1
01.
.. DECL_\.RATIOX OF PIUXCIPLE::;,"
Equal :trIll c
act justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or
political; peace, cOlllmerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alli-
ances with none.-Fil'l:Jt Illftll'Jlu'lll_1ddl'f:.'ís, 4 Jlffrd,. 1801.
FRO'[ THE SA \[E IX_\n';'CR.\.L ADDRESS.
Error of opinionlllay l)e tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.
A WORD TO THE SEW EXnL\.SDER:-5.
But I am in hopes of the Eastern people; .' ,that they will find their interest
in aC(luiescing in the liherty and science of their country, and that the Christian reli-
gion. when divested of the rag-s in which they have enveloped it, and brought to the
original purity and silll p1icity of its benevolent institutor, is a religion of all others
most friendly to liberty, science, and the freest expansion of the human mind,-
W,'ittw Ù, 1
01.
THE DISCOt:RSES OF CHIUST.
Such arc the fragments remaining to us to show a master-workman, and that his
syst!:'m of lIIornlit}" was the most benevolent and sublimp- probably that has ever been
tang-lit, and conseqnently more perfect than those of any of the ancient philosophy.-
1VI'itten in 1804.
TnOJIAs JEFFEIt
OX. 1743-182/>.
WRES A3KED TO SIT SEAR HIS ,. FATHER."
The sun is my father, anll the earth is m
" mother; anll on her bosom I will repose.-
':Î.t the couferwu /DitlL Gelteml W. IL Harrison, Vincenues, Ind., AU(f1l8t, IHI0.
TECL")I::,õEH. 17G8-1813.
A HERO'S LAST ORnER.
Don't give up the Ship !-En'jagernent betlceen the Shaililon and the Chesapeake,
JUlie, 1813.
C..\PT. .J..\'II::S L\"REXCE. 1,81-1813,
-1889]
NOTED SA Yl-LYGE.
449
OF 'WXROEJS AD)IIXISTRATIO
, ] 817-25.
The Era of Good Feeling.-Titleofan
ll'ticle in the Boston" Centinel," 12 July, 1817.
TIlE "'W
ROE DOCTRIXE."
In the wars of the European Powers, in matters relating to themseh'es, we have
never taken any pal't, nor does it comport with OUl' policy so to do. It is only when
our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent injuries or make prepara-
tions for our defence. 'Vith the movements in this hemisphere we are, of necessity,
more immediately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened
and impartial ouservers. The political system of the Allied Powers is essentially tlif-
fcrent in this respect from tha.t of
\.lUerica. This difference proceeds from that which
exists in their respective Governments; and to the defence of our own, which has ueen
achieved by the loss of so much blood .md trmt:mre, and ma.tured by the wisdom of
their most enlightened citizens, and unùer which we have enjoyed unexampled felici-
ty, this whole nation is devoted.
'Ve ow(' it, therefore, to candor, and to the amicable relations existing bet,,'een the
Unite(l States and those powers, to declare that we shoul(l consider any <Lttempt on
their part to extend theÌl' system to any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to
our peace and safety.
'Vith the existing Colonies or depeIHlencies of any European power we havc not
interfm'ed, anll shall not interfere. But with the govel'llments who ha\'e <leclare<l
their independence and maintained it, an(l whose in(lependence we ha\'e, on great
consideration and on just principle
, aeknowle(lge(l, we could not view allY interposi-
tion for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling, in any other manner their
destiny, by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an
unfriendly disposition toward the Uniteù ::5tates.-FI'om the P,'aJident's JIo
sa'Je, 2
December, 1t;23.
.LU1ES )IO
ROE. 1758-1831.
_\"X ADVOCATE'S OPI
IOX.
Law is whatever is boldly asserted ana plausibly maintained.
TIlE .A '[E]UCX
lf CIIESTEHFIELD,
The rule of my life is to make lmsiness a pleasure, a11<l pleasure my husiness.
\ AROX lkRR, 1 Î:)I).-1836.
_\. RORDER K
IGJ[T'S )[ÜTTO-W_\.R OF ]812.
Be sure you are right-then go ahead.
Dwm CROCKETT. 1,86-1836.
FRO)[ THE Rr
KER HILL OR.\.TIOX-17 JC
E, 1825.
Let our ohject be, our country, our whole country, and nothing but our country.
DA
1EL WWSTER. 1782-18;)2.
VOL. XI.-29
..
450
MJTED SA YI-LYGS.
[1629-
BLKKER HILL.
Now deeper roll the maddening drums,
The mingling host like Ocean heaves,
'Vhile from the midst a honid wailing comes,
And high auove the fight the lonely bugle grieves.
GRE
YILLE .i\IELLE
. 1'j!)9-1841.
IN DENLYCIATIO
OF THE AD)II
ISTRATION OF ADA. 'IS AND CLAY. 182(t
I was defeated-by the coalition of Blifil and Black George,-by the combination,
unheard of till then, of the Puritan with the blackleg.
JOH
RANDOLPH OF ROAXOKE. 1773-1833.
"A GOOD EYOUGH )IORGAK UNTIL AFTER THE ELECTION,"
That is a good enough
Iorgan for us until you bring back the one yon carried off.-
Reply to the Counselfol'the KÙlnappm.s of JIorgan, with refel.ence to the body of one Timo-
thy j[om'oe. 1827.
THURLOW 'WEED. l'i!)7-1882.
"FREE TRADE A"ND SEAMAN'S RIGHTS."
If we fail, let us fail like men, lash ourselves tð our gallant tars, and expire together
in one common struggle, fighting for Free Trade and Seaman's Rights.-Speech in the
U. S. II. of R., 1!) January, 1813.
RE'L\.RK TO SEXATOH. W. C, PilESTON OF SO"GTH CAROLINA, 1839.
Sir, I had rather be right than be President!
"NO SOl.;TH, XO NORTH, NO EAST, NO WEST."
I have heard something said about allegiance to the South. I know no South, nO
North, no East, no 'Vest, to which I owe any allegiance.-In the lI. S. Senate, 1848.
HEXRY CLAY. 1777-18::>2,
IAX TO
IAN.
I am a mau, and you are another.-1'o President Jackson, at theírfirst in tervíelc, April,
1833.
BLACK llA WK. 1767-1838.
"TIlE FOOTSTEPS OF MY ILLUSTRIOGS PREDECE::SSOR."
I shall, if honored with the choice of the American people, endeavor to tread gen-
erally in the footsteps of President Jackson.-Lettel' acceptill(J the NominntionfOl. the
Pre,
idellc!l, 29 J[oy. 1835.
I tread in the footsteps of illustrious men, . . . III reed Villg fmm the people tJu:
-lðl'39J
XOTED SA rhYOg,
4[;1
sacred trust twice confided to my illustrious predecessor, and which he has discharged
so faithfully and well, I know that I c:mllot t'xpect to perform the arlluous task with
equal ability and success.-Inullgw'al Addrl:ðð, 4 JIfll'clt, 1837.
.:\lAR'l'IX VAX I3UREX. 1782-1862.
"THE COHESIVE POWER OF reBLIC PU;.YDER,"
A power has risen up in the government greater than the people themselves, con-
sisting of many and various and powerful interests, combined in one mass, and held
together by the cohesive power of the vast surplus in the banks.-SjJwch in the U. S,
Senate, 27 JJay, 1836.
JOHN CALDWELL CALllOUY. 1782-1830,
"COYTE}[PORAXEOGS POSTER[TY."
Byron's European fame is the best earnest of his immortality, for a foreign nation is
a kind of contemporaneous posterity.-Fl'o1n the .LYovel "8tanley/ 01', The Recollections
of a JIan if the W O'rld." Phila., 1838.
HORACE BIXXEY 'V ALLACE. 1817-32.
"THIS NEW DEPARTURE."
This new page opened in the book of our public expenditures, and this new depart-
ure taken, which leads into the bottomless gulf of civil pensions and family gratui-
ties.-In tlte U. S. Senate, against the (frant O'f$25,000 to' President lIttrrison's 'lcÙlO'tJ),
April, 1841.
THO
ÅS HART I3EXTOX. 1782-1858.
OS THE OJ
D COKSTITTJTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
RESOLVED: That the compact which exists between the North and the South is a
Covenant with death and an agreement with hell, involving both parties in atrocious
criminality, and should be immediately annulled,-
ldopted by the JÛl:1ð. ....inti-Slavery
Society, Faneuil Hall, 27 January, 1843.
WILLIA:I[ LLOYD GARRISO:S. 180.3-79.
THE BALLOT.
A weapon that comes down as st.ill
As sllowtlakes fall upon the sod i
But executes a freeman's will,
Aslightniug does the will of God.
JOllY PIERPOXT. 1785-18G6.
OREGON BOGKD.\.RY QL"ESTlOX. L. S, SEX.\TE. 18-1-1.
Fifty-four forty, or fight! (34 0 40' X.).
WILLIA:I[
\LLEX. 180G-j!).
452
.NOTED SA YI
'GS.
[1629-
AT llCEXA YISL\., 2;3 FEBHL\RY,184',.
..\. little more grape, Captain Bragg!
Z_\I""H \RY TAYLOR. 1.84-1830.
.\. WATCHWORD IN THE PRESIDEXTL\L CAJIPAIGX OF lS48.
General Taylor never surrenders.-Reply to Gweral Santa
lnna, Buena Jlsta, 22
Fel.}'lutI'Y, 1ti47.
THmIAs LEOXIVAS CRITTEXI>EX. 1813-.
PARTY CRY, FIW"\I THE PLATFOR.
I OF THE FRE.E-
OIL XXnUXAL
CO.NYEXTIOX. 1t;48.
:No /JW}'C slave States: no slave Territories.
SAD!OX PURTLAXD C'U.\::;E. 1808--73.
THE STGRDY GODFATHER OF THE C', S. A.
I never use the \YoI'd" :Nation " in speaking of the l!nited States; I tdways use the
word" Union," or Confederac)'. 'Ve are not a nation, but a Union, a confederacy of
equal and sovereign States. EJ]gland is a nation, Austria is a nation, Hussia is a na-
tion, but the United States are not a nation.-Rcmark tu Olicer Dyer, 1 JfllOl(lr!l. 1849.
JOHX CALDWELL CALHUUX. 1';82-H3.10.
H THE CRADJ.E OF .\..MERICA X LIBERTY."
I shall defer my visit to Faneuil Hall, the cradle of American Libert)', until its doors
shall fly open on golden hinges to lovers of Union as well as of Libcrty.-ú}1fJ1t heing
refused tlle use of Flllleuil IIall, Jlárclt, 18.10.
DAXIEL 'V EU:-:TElt. 1.82-1t).12.
WE SELL "OUR GOODS, AND XOT OrR PHI X('IPIÆS."
A Card, when allacked for refusÏ1/g to ,";yn the call fo/" (( " rnion b'al'lllg .. .Jlefiill!! !teld
1'n C((.stle Gw'den, Ocfobf'l", 18.ïO.
\ ('ARD.- The puhlic, including the New York .. Journal of Commerce, " are in-
formCl1 that we are silk lUfrchants, and keep an extensi,"e and well assorted stock of
goods, which we offer to re
ponsihle lJUyers OIl reasonahle terms. As inr1i,'iduals we
entertain our own views on the various religious, moral awl political f)\J('stiolls of the
day, which we are neither afrai,1 nor aslwmed to d,'cl:U'e 011 all proper (){'ca::;ionH.
But we wish it distinctly understood that 0111' goods, and not OUl' prilleip!<'s are on
the market. The attempt to punish us as merchants for the e:\ercÏsc of our lih('rty I\S
citizens we leave to the judgment of the (;omlllunit.y.-BoWEN &; )IcX A
tEE. - [Prom
the" Jv/tJ'ual uf CUUlI/terce," 28 Octuber, 1830.]
HEXRY ('HA
DI.ER nOWE
. 1813-,
THEODORE l\Ic
A)IEE. 1813-ì1.
-1"89J
.....YOTED S
lYLYGS.
453
REPL'"ßLIC.AX WAR-CRY IX THE PHESIDEXTL\.L CA:\IPAmS OF lS.-)G.
"Give 'em ,Jessie!"
FRÉ)IOXT'S
LPPORTERS.
THE FIRST REPl"ßLIC.-\.X LEGEXD.
Free soil, free men, free speech, Frémont!
PARTY RALLYIXG CRY. 18:)6.
FRO
I THE OPIXIOX IX THE DUED SCOTT L\
E, (', S. Sl"PRE:\JE f'OrRT,
1857.
-So far inferiOl', that they had no rights which the white man was hound to rcspect.
HOGER BROOKE TAXE\. 1.ÎÎ-18G4.
AX OLD PRù"\ERB. ME
IORABLY n.,ED.
Blood is thicker than water !-Juxtifying assistallce to the Bl'itislt flat -in tlle Pei-ILO.
De.9]Jatch totlw U. S. Seaetm'yo/'tlte.K({'l'Y, June, 1839.
Jn
L\H TATTXALL. 1793-18.1.
"THE TWIX R}:LICS OF nARn.\HI
:\I."
'Yith you I hate, r1eplore, ancl denollnce the Barbarism of Slavery. . . . But I
do not agree that the National Governmcnt has power under the Constitution to to\1('h
Slavery in the States, any more than it has power to touch the twin Barhari
1ll of
Polygamy in the States, while fully endowed to arrest and suppress both in all the
Territorics.-Letter to
1. P. Bl'ook
, 9 Sel'fentlJer, 1860.-See al
u Ids
peeclt un tlle Eal'bm'-
ism if Slavery, C S. Senate, 4 June, 1tsliO.
CHARLES SnlxER. 1811-.4.
WIfES ASKED FOR GrID.AXCE TO TIlE CJL\.HLESTOX, s. C., I.x
AXE
.ASYL(':\1. 18CO.
JIy dcar Sir, take any road; you can't go amis:5; the whole State is one Vfist insane
'lSylUlll !
JA)IES LEWIS PETIGRL. 1.8!)-18G3.
"J.F.T rs ALOXE."
\ll we agk is to he let alone.-Fi,'st J[{s.
{(ge to the C'Olitedernte Congres.'3, ..J[flJ'cll, lR61.
U'(C E,'OlrJlcll's Poem, role rEI.. jJoqc .3.;(j ]
J EFFER:<O:'\ D.\ \1:<. 1
08-8!).
454
NOTED SAYINGS.
[1629-
FRO)[ A LETTER TO THE nos. WILLLD[ H. SE\\ ARD, 3 )IARCII, 1801.
Say to the sece<1ed States-Wayward sisters, depart in peace!
'VI
J<'IELD SCOTT. li8G-186G.
A NOTAllLE HEAD-LINE IX" THE "NEW-YORK TRIBUS"E, " JLKE-JULY, lSGl.
ON" TO RrcHMoND!-
Adopted by .JIr. Dana before the JIcDoU'ell campaign, asa" standing head,.' the phrase
haeing been used by a special contributor.
PITZ-IIE
RY "
ARRE
. 1816-';8.
"TRE.\.SOX AGAIKST )!ANKIKD."
Whether right or wrong in its domestic or it!' foreign policy, judged by whatever
standard, whether of expediency or of principle, the American citizen can recognize
no social duty intervening between himself and his country. He may urge reform; hut
JlC has no right to destroy. Intrusted with the precious inheritance of Liherty, en-
dowed with the gift of participation in a Popular Goyernment, the Constitution makes
him at once the beneficiary and the defender of interests and institutions he cannot
innocently endanger; and when he becomes a traitor to his conntry, he commits equal
treason against mankind.-Address to tlte JJasð. Le(ji.
lat1t're, 3 January, 18ü2.
JOH
ALBIO
.A.
DREW. 1818-61.
A RE)!ARK TO GEN. _\. YERELL, KOVE:UBER, 1862.
Well, General, we have not had many dead cavalrymen lying about lately! [Often
misquoted in the phrase" 'Vho ever saw a dead cavalryman? "]
JOSEPH HOOKER. 1814-';9.
A
EFFECTL\.L UE:UIXDER.
Despatch to Earl Russell, again,st permitting the Confederate Ironclads, then building at
Laird's SMpym.ds, at Birkenhead, to departfrorn LÜ'erpool. 5 Sl'ptember, 1803.
It would be superfluous inllle to point out to your Lordship that this is war.
('n -\RLES FRAKCIS AD.HIS. 180i-8G.
SIGNALLED TO GEN. CORSE IN ALTOOX"A, FRO)! THE TOP OF KEXES.\.W,
5 OCTOBER, 1864:.
Hold the fort. I nm coming.
,V ILLIA
I TEC'{;:\ISEII SIIER:\I.\X . 1820-.
TITLE OF AX ESSAY IX THE "ATLANTIC )IOXTIILY;" SEPTE'IBER, 1864.
The Total Depravity of Inanimate Things.
KATHARIXE KEXT CIIILD 'V.\LKER. 18-H-.
-11:\8!)]
.LYOTED SATL.YGS.
455
.\. X.\.TIOXAL DEBT .A KATIOXAL BLESSIXG.
From a Letter to Robert .JIo1'l'is, 30 April, 1,81.
\ National debt, if it is not e
cessive, will be to us a nationalblessing.-See rol.
IV., Page 112, of this 1Vork.
\LEXASDER HA 'nLTO
. 1,57-1804.
"OUR NATIONAL DEBT A KATIOXAL BLE:;:-;IXG.
Title of a Broadsic1e issued by Jay Cooke, June, 1863, to promote the sale of Govern-
ment Bonds. It was qualified, at the suggestion of Harris Charles Fahnestock (upon
the cover of a pamphlet containing the banker's argument), in this n-ise: "How our
National Debt may be a National Blessing." The originator of the title was
SA)IrEL "-ILKESOS. 181,-b!).
OF THE PRESIDEXTIAL "RECOXSTRL"CTIOX " TOCR, .\TGTST, 18G6.
We are swinging around the Circle.
.Ax DREW JOH
SOX. 1808-,.').
TELELTR.UI TO SECRETARY 8TAKTOX, THE X IIOLDIXG THE WAR DEPART-
)IEXT IY DEFL\.XCE OF HIS ILLEGAL :;L"SPEXSIOX BY PUESJDEXT
JOHXSOY-SEXATE CHA)[BER, 21 FEBRL"ARY, 1868.
Stick.
Ever sincerely yours,
CHARLES
nIxER. 1811-,4.
IN THE PRESIDENTIAL CAXY ASS OF 186t;.
Repudiate the Repudiators.
'VILLLUI PITT FE-;SE
DEX. 1801ì-(i!).
RL"LE OF THE "nARRY WADSWORTH CLL"ß "-FltO)[ .. TEX TDfE8 UXE IS
TEY." 18.0.
To look up and not down,
To look forward and not back,
To look out and not in,-
and
To lend a hand.
EDWARD EVERETT HALE. 1822-.
THE BALLOT IX lRì1.
As long as I count the votes, what are you going to <10 ahout it? Say!
WILLLUI )L\RCY TWI.:ED. 18
;J-Î8.
456
.L'-OTED SA Y1.KGS.
[1629-
"LET 1'\0 GlJILTY l\lAX ESCAPE."
Let no guilty man escape, if it can be avoided. No personal consideration should
stand in the way of performing a public duty.-IndOl.sement of a Lettel. Relating to tlte
Prosecution oftlte WtI,stern "1Vlâslæy Ring," 29 July, 1875.
LLYSSES S. GRAXT. 18:!2-8.3.
POLITICAL INTRODlTCTION OF THE "MCGWr)lP."
Listen! John 4\.' Logan is the Head Centre, the Hub, the King Pin, the
Iain Spring,
:Mogul, and
Iugwump of the final plot by which partisanship was installC'd in the
Commission.-Editol'ial entitlt:d" Impt:ach Logan,
' in the :R, r: " Tribune," Ilj Ft:bl'u-
IlI'Y, 11:)77.
!::;AAC HILL BRmlLEL 1833-.
HEAD-LINE IX THE c. XEW YORK srN," 23 l\U.HCH, 1t;84:.
")Iugwump D. O. Bradley."
The word was applied by the same newspaper, 13 June, 18t3..!, to the" Independents" of
the Blaine-Cleveland campaign.
THE NEW YORK SUX.
A BOX-)lOT IX THE rLE'"ELAXD-BL.\IXE CA)IPAH
X OF 1884.
A )ll1gwump is a person educated beyond his intellect.
HORM'I<: PORTER. 1837-.
FHO)l THE PRESIJ)EXT'ð J
.\T(';TRAI
ADIHtESS, 5 l\lARCII, 1877.
The President . . . should strive to be always mindful of the fact that he sC'rves
his party best who serves the country hest.
RCl'HERI'ORII RIRCHARD HAlES. 18:?
-.
ASKED AT THE REPrBLICAX NATIOXAL rOKYEKTlOK, CHICAGO, 1880.
'Vhat are we here for?
'VEBSTER FLAXAGHAX. 1832-.
FRO)! THE PRESIDEST'S INACGeHAL RPEECH, 4 :MARCIT, 1881.
It has been said that unsettled questions have no pity for the repose of nations. It
should be said that this,question of the suffrage will never give repose to the States o!'
to the Nation until each, within its own jurisl1iction, makes and keeps the ballot free
find pure by the strong sanction of the law 0
-IN,9J
.!vOTED 63 YLYGS.
457
WRITTEX WIIEX ASKED FOR AX ATTOGIU..PII, JrLY, 1881.
"James A, Garfield. Strangulatus pro republica."
J A)IES ABRA)I U -\RFlELD. U,:11-81.
C'LDUTED ('OS1IOPOLITAXIS.U."
The truth is, that
Ir. James's cosmopolitanism is, after all, limited: to he rcally
cosmopolitan, a man must be at home even in his own country.-S1IOrt ,"'fwlies of
Amel'ican Authors. l
ì9.
THO)I.AS 'VEXTWORTIl IIuj(.axsox. 1823-.
"WORSE TIL\.X PRO"IXCIAL,-P_UWCIIL\.L. "
Whatever question there may be of his talent, t here can be nonc, I think, of his ge-
nius. It was a slim and crooked one, but it was eminently personal. He was imper-
fect, unfinishecl, inartistic; he was worse than provincial-he was parochial; it is only
at his best that he is readable. - Qt' 1'lwl'eall, in a Critical Life if H(1/otlwrne. 18ì9.
HEXRY JA)IE:-:, JR. 18JB-.
"A FIXER ART IX OrR DA Yo
The art of fiction has, in fact, become a finer art in our day than it was with Dickcns
and Thackeray. 'Ve could not suffel' the confidential attitude of the btter now, nor
the mannerism of the former, any more than we could endure the prolixity of Hichard-
son or the coarseness of Fielding. -Sketch c:/1le1l1'Y James, Jr., in the" Celltltl'Y JIfl!Ja-
zine, " J.Voce1nòel', 1882.
WILLLUI DEAX HOWELLS. 183;-.
FAITH AXD REA
OX.
Reason is the triumph of the intellect, faith of the heart; and whether the one or
the other shall best illumine the dark mysteries of our being, they only are to he de-
spaired of who care not to explore. -l
istol'Y of the CltÏted Statf3ð 111/flel' the COllðtit,!t ion,
Vol. II. 181::12.
J A)IE:; bnlO\;LER. 1ti;HJ-.
"prBLIC OFFICE IS A PCnLIC THl"ST."
From a SpPl'ch at Ashland. K!J., .JInrrh, 1H'.?!).
Government is a trust, and the officers of the government aI"C trustecs; and both the
trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people.
IIEXRY C'L-\Y. 1'iï7-18:>2.
From a Sppeclt in tlte 'c. S. Sel/ale, 31 .JIay, 1872.
The appointing power of the pope is treated as a public trust and not as a personal
})crq l\ i si te.
('HARLE"; SnlxER. 1811-74.
458
NOTED SATL_YGS.
[1629-
From the Opening Address of the President of the .J.1Iass. Republican SÜde Coneention,
1
1.
The puhlic offices are a public trust, to be held and administered with the s'une ex-
act justice and the same conscientious regard for the responsibilities ÏllYolved as are
required in the execution of private trusts.
"
ILLIA:\I 'V ALLACE CRAPO. 1880.
From an Arhrle on Ciril Service Reform. in Lalor's Cyclopædin of Political Science,
l
S1.
Puulic oftice is a public trust, created only for the common benefit.
VOR:\IA
nRIVG'IA
EATO
. 1823-.
From a Letter Accepting the .lYomination fOl' ..JIayvr, Bu.ffalv, 1881.
Public officials arc the trustees of the people.
From n Letter of Acceptance as Candidate fOl' Governor, 7 October, 1882.
Public officers are the servants
nd agents of the people to execute law.s which the
people have malle, and within the limits of a constitution which they have established.
GROVER CLEVELAND. 183i-.
From the Addres:.; upon the Opening ofihe New rork and Brooklyn Bridge, 24 JIay, 1883.
But what man is fit to hold office? Only he who regards political office as a public
trust, and nut as a private perquisite to be used for the pecuniary ad vantage of himself
or his family, or even his party.
ABRAM STEYE
8 HEWITT. 1822-.
JIotto of a widely circulated Campaign Pamphlet. 1
84.
Public office is a 1mb1ic trust.
DA
IEL SCOTT LA)IO
T. 18.H-.
F,'om the President's Inaugural Address, 4 .J.1Im'ch, 1885.
Your every voter, as surely as your Chief )[agistrate, under the same high sanction,
though in a different sphere, exercises a public trust.
GROVER CLEVELAND, 1837-.
OTITER SAYIXGS BY TIlE SAME PRESIDENT.
"noxon, LIES J
HOXE
T TOIL,"
\. true American sentiment recognizes the dignity of labor and the fact that honor
lies in honest toil.-Letter accepting tlle n01ni flat ionfol' P/'f'.
i(le1d, 1 t! A u!11l
t, 1884.
-1t)891
VOl'ED SA Yl..KU8,
4.59
"OFFEX:-;IYE P.\RTliU.XS,"
They have proved themselves offensive partisans, and unscrupulous manipulators of
local party management.-Lettcr tv Uwr[!e 1VillÙuIt Curtis, 2., ])eCl:lldJO', It)84.
.. L.UWR IS THE C'..\.PIT-\.L OF OCR WOHKIXCDIEX.
'Ye should also deal with the suhject in such manner as to protect the interests of
American labor, which is the capital of our workingmen.-Fil'ðt
lllllf/{(l JJt:l'Jsa[!c, De-
celilba, 188.'5.
"Ixxocrors DE::;{;ETCDE."
\.fter an existence of nearly twenty years of almost innocuous desuetude these laws
are brought forth.-JJt:.wl[!e, 1 Jlurclt, 188ü.
"THE GOYERX.MEXT ;:iHOrLD KOT SCPPOHT THE PEOPLE,"
Though the people support the Gonrnment. the Government should not support
the people.- Vävof Texas ùeed-Bill, 16 Febl'uary, It)t)7.
"A COXDITIOX-XOT .\ THEORY."
It is a condition which confronts us-not a theory.-Altmllll Jfessa[!e, 1887.
".\. HOLL OF HOXOR."
I cannot believe that the vast peaceful army of Union soldiers who, having content-
edly resumed their places in the ordinary avocations of life, cherish as sacred the
memory of patriotic service, 01' who, having been disabled by the casualties of war,
justly regard the present pension roIl, on which appear their names as a rol\ of honor,
desire at. this time and in the present exigency to he confounde(] with those who,
through such a bill as this, aI'e willing to ùe objects of charity and to gain a place upon
the pension roll through alleged depelldence.- Veto of Depcmhnt PwðiVlt Bill, 11
February, 1887.
I have considered the pension list of the Repuùlic a roll of honor.- reto of .}[ftry
Ann Dou[!h.aty's Pension, .3 July, 1888.
"THE CO)nrrXHm OF C.\PIT.\L."
Communism is a hateful thing and a menace to peace an(] organized government.
Rut the communism of comhined wealth and capital, the outgrowth of overw('ening
cupidityal1(] selfishness which assiduously undermines the justice and integrity of
free institutions, is not less dang-emus than the communism of oppressed poverty and
toil, which, exasperated hy injustiC'e and discontent., attacks with wild disorder the
citadel of misrule.-A1I1l1wZ.J.Ve.'1sf{[!l', 18S8.
PARTY IIOXE
TY.
Party honesty is party experliency.-Ilttll'l:Íuc in tlle :\"": r: "Commerrinl .lJ1Jcr-
tisa," lÐ ')l'jJtultbt:r, 1889.
GROVER CLEVELA:\"D. 18;Ji-.
460
NOTED SA Yl.XGë.
[1629-
"WE LOYE HnI FOR THE EKE
nES lIE HAS )lADE."
The}" love him, gentlcmen, and they respect him, not only for himseJf, for his char-
acter, for his integrity :md judgment and iron will. but they love him mo:st for the
enemies he has made. - Of ..1Ir. Clael(lIul, by tIle Clwil'lllflll qf tlle .fr
llt iOllal Cunvent iun,
Cltil'tl{ju, 1t!84.
EUWAIW
'lTYVESAXT BRAGG. 1827-.
FRO)I TIlE DDlOCR.ATH' PLATFOID[ UF 1
b4.
"Cnneccssary taxation is unjust taxation.
\BlL\:\l ::;TEVEXS HEWITT. 18
2-.
BY OXE OF THE nt:l)l"TA TIOS OF CLERH Y Y I
ITI
G )[J{. HL.US E, AT THE
FIFTH .A YEXCE HOTEL, XEW YURK CITY, ;W UCTOBER, 1884.
"'lYe are Hepubljeans, anl1t10n't propose to leave our party and identify ourseln
s
with the party whose antecedents have been Hum, Homanism, and Hchellion!
::;..U1UEL DJ(,KIXSO
Bl:RCHARU. 1812-.
)IOTTO OF THE A)LERIC..\X COPYIUGHT LE...\.OCE. WUITTEX 20 KOYE)mER,
188;).
In vain we call old notions fudge,
And hend our cOlH;cience to our dealing;
The Ten Commandmcnts will not budge,
And stealing 1f:ill continue stealing.
BEFORE THE L S. SEKATE ro'nHTTEE O.Y P.ATEXTS, 2!) JANUARY, 1886.
If I were asked what book is better than a cheap h{)ok, I should answer that there is
one Look better than a cheap book, and that is a book honestl.y come by.
,JA;m.;
Rl'S
ELL T
OWELL. 181f)-.
KA
IE COXFERRF.D L"POS THE REPrBLICAX
TL\[P-SPEAKERK, FOR IJOLD-
ISG THEIR ACVn:XCES .,
PET,L-nOl"KV." l'RESITJEXTIAL C..D[PAIGS
OF 1t't'ð.
Here comes another of the Spell-binders!
\YILLIA)l CARSIl:S GOODLOE. 1841-89.
EXPERTO ('TIEDE.
To be seventy years young is f'ometimes far more cheerful and hopeful than to be
forty years old.-On tllelSae/(tidlt Hirtllllflyqj'Jllli(/ Ward lIuwe, 27 J[ay, 18t<!I.
OLIHR \YExUELL BODIES. lSO!)-.
-1889]
.J..YOTED 8A.YLVGS.
461
"PRACTIC.\.L POLITICS."
From the Bishop's Adrlre8s at the Wa.'illington ('entennial Service in St. Paul's Chapel,
.New rork City, :JO April, 188!).
The conception of the Xational Gl)vernment a
a huge machine, e"Xisting mainly for
the purpose of rewarding partisan service-this was a conception so alien to the char-
acter and conduct of "Tashington and his asso('iatcs that it seems grotesque even to
speak of it. It would he interesting to imagine the first President of the "Cnited States
confronted with some one who had ventured to approach hilllupon the basis of what
is no" commonly called ,. practical politics."
., JACKSOXL\S YULGARITY."
'Ye have exchanged the 'Yashingtonian .dignity for the .Jeffersonian simplicity,
which was, in truth, only another name for the Jacksonian vulgarity.-Same .Add/'ess.
THE IWYALTY OF Y!laCE.
If there be no nobility of descent, all the more Ïllllispensable is it that there should
be nobility of ascent-a character in them that bear rule, so fine and high and pure,
that as men come within the circle of its influence they involuntarily pay homage to
that which is the one preëlllinent distinction, the Hoyalty of Virtuc.-Pl'o/n the Same.
IIEXRY COD)(A:X POTTER. 1t;:1.)-.
FRO
[ A. RPEErH .\.T THE W.\SHIX(TTOX CEXTEXXL\.L (,ELERIL\TIOX:
SCll-TREASCRY, WALL ST., :KEW YORK CITY, 30 APHIL, }t)SfJ.
Self-secking has no puhlic o!JselTance or anniversary. The captain who gives to
the sea his cargo of rafs, that he may give safety and deliverance to his imperilled
fellow-men, has fame; he who lands the cargo has only wages.
AT TIlE WOOD:-iTO('K, COXX.. CELEBIU.TIOX, 4: .H-LY, It)tì!l.
It is not in the power of any people upon earth lUuch to harm liS, except our own
people.
BEXJAm" HARIW<OX. 18:J;)-.
BY _\. .n-STI(
E OF TilE L S, SrPRE\IE rOrRT, WHEX _U)\-ISED 10 .\fD[
nI\I:-iELF. C_\LIFORXL\., Itl
!).
'YllCn the Judges shall be obliged to go armed, it will he time for the Courts to be
closed.
STEPIlE
JOHX
OX FrELD. 181G-.
"'IEAsrRES, XOT \IEX, H.\. YE ALWAYS BEEX 1111. 'L\RK. "-Goldsmith.
It used to be un applalHled political maxim, which .was e
pres
ed in the words,
H )[easurcs, not mCll.' I venture to deny the soulldllC::;S of this maxim, and to propose
462
NOTED SAYI..LYGS.
[1629-1889
in its place its converse, II l\Ien, not measures." I think the first need of good goyern-
roent, like the first neeù of a large business corporation, is the right men to administer
it. Right in character, in ability, in patriotism, in dismteresteùness.. . Better a
hundre<1 times an honest and capable administration of an erroneous policy than a
corrupt mIll incaf>able administration of a good one.-At the IJÙma (if the 1!r
Y.
Clwmber of COlllmerce, 1 D ..i.Vovember, 1889.
EDWARD JOIlS PHELPS. 1822-.
poprLAR EPITHETS GIYES TO rERTAIS A:
IERICAKS.
ADAMS, JOR
_" Colossus of Independence." ADA)I
, JOIIX QUIX(,Y-" Old )Ian
Eloquent." ADA)I
, S.UIUEJ,-"
\merican ('ato. " ARXOJ,D, BE1>EDICT-" The Trai-
tor." ßE
TO
, TnO)IAS-" Old Bullion." BLAIXE, JA)IES GILLE
PIE-" Plumed
Knight." BIU.D!'TREET, ANNE-" The Tenth )Iuse." BIWWX, JOIJX-" Osawa-
tomie Brown." BUCHAXAX, J.UIES-" Bachelor President," ., Old Puhlic Function-
ary," "Sage of "llCatland:' BURRITT, ELluu-" The Learned Blacksmith."
CLAY, nE
RY-" Harry of the 'Vest," ")lill-Boy of the Slashes. " COUWIN, TUOMAS
-" 'Vagoner-Boy." Cox, S..UIUEL SUI,LIY AX-" Sunset Cox." D.\XA, CnAHLEs
A:KDERSOX-" :x estor of the Press." DOnH.A
, STEPIIEX
\.UXOLD-" Little Giant."
EAHLY, JLßAL-" Bad Old)[an." ELIOT, .Jollx-"Apostle of the Indians." EWIJliG,
TllmIAs-" The Salt-Boiler. " FRÉMONT, JOIlX CH.-\ItLES-" Pathfinder." GARFIEI.D,
J.UIES ABlLUI-" Canal-Boy." GRANT, LLYSSES S.-" The Tanner, " '"r-nde Sam,"
"{;"nconùitional Surrender." IL\LLECK, IIEXRY "
AGER-" Old Bmins:' HAUSTEAD,
l\luRA'!'-"Field-)[arshal." lIA.JlicOCK, 'YIXFIELDSCOTT-"The Superb:' H.\RUI-
sox, BE:KJ.unx-', Little Ben." IL<\URISO:X, "
ILLLUI HEXRï-" Cincinnatus of the
'Vest," .. Tippecanoe." IIOI.
IEs, OLJYER 'VE:KDELL-" The .\utocrat." HOOKER,
JOSEPII-" Fighting .Joe." JACKSOX,
\.XDItEW-" Old Hickory." J.\CKSOX, TUü:\L\.s
JOJliATIIAX-', Stonewall." .JEFFEusON, Tllo)l.-\s-" Sage of .l\Ionticello." KELLEY,
'YILLIA
I DAURAII-" Father of the House," ,. Pig-Iron Kelley." LEE, HEXRY (1756)
-" Light-Horse Harry. " Ln\'coLx. .\mtAlI.UI-', Father .\braham," "Honest Old
Abe," "The Railsplitter," "The )[artyr Presiùent." LOGA
, JOHX ALEXA:KDEU-
"Black Eagle," "Blackjack." LomxG, "
ILLLUI 'YJXG-" Old Blizzarù." )IAR_
IO:K, FUA:KCIs-" Swamp-Fox." )L-\USIIALL, JOUi'õ-" Expounder of the Constitu-
tion."
[C('LELLAX, GEORGE RIlI:KTO
-" Little )Iac." )IEDARY, SAMVEL-" 'Yar-
Horse of Democracy." )[r'l'ClIEL, OH:m;BY
L\(' Kxw ll'l'-" Old Stars." POLK,
J.UIES KJliox-" Young Hickory." PHILUPS, 'YEXDEI,L-" Silver-tongued." PU'l'-
1\.UI, IRIUEL-" Ohl Put." RILEY, JA
IES 'YIIITco
m-" Hoosier Poet." SCOT'!',
"TIXFfELD-" Hero of Chapu1tepec," "Old Fuss and Feathers." SEWAHD, "T IL _
LLUI HEXRY-" Sage of
\uburn." SUEIUDAX, PHJLIP-" Little Phil. '. SUEJDL\X,
'VILLLUI TEC{;")ISEII-" Old Tecumseh." S)II'l' II, "TILLLUI FAHHAR-" Baldy
Smith." SPIXi'õER, FHA:KCIS ELL-\S-" 'Yatch-Dog of the Treasury:' STEED)IAN,
J.ulEsBAHHETT-" Old Chickamauga," STEYE:KS, THADDELS-" Great Commoner. "
TAYLOR, ZACHARY-" Old Hough anù Ready," "Old Zach." Tno)1.-\8, CU.-\IU.ES-
"Old Reliahle,.' "Pop Thomas." TnoHEAu, HEXHY DA YID-" Poet Xaturalist."
TurRuAx,
\LLEX GUA:KBEUV-" Old Bandanna," "Old Roman." Tn.DEN, SA
IUEL
JO:KES-" Sag-e of Greystone," V.\N BUltEN. )LUtT1X-" Little :J\Iagician," "Little
Van," "Xorthern )[an with Southern Principles." "
AsHn\'GTON, GEOIWE-"
\.mer-
ican Fabius," "Father of his Country." 'VAYXE,
\.!\THOXY -"
la(l
\nthony. " 'YEll-
STER. DAJliIEL-" Black Dan," "Expounùer of the Constitution." "
EllSTEH, NOAH
-":-;dlOolmrlster of the Republic." 'YmTMAx, 'VAL'l'-"'fhe Good Grey Poet."
'VUIT'l'IEH, .J oux GHEEJS"LEAF-" Barù of
\.lllesI.JUry," "Quaker Poet." \Y ILSO:K,
HEXUY-"
atick CuÌJùler."
INDEX OF AUTHORS, ETC., IN VOL. XI.
PAGE
ABBOTT, L"nIAx..................... 414
AD.Ul
, HEXRY............"...,.... 418
SDERSOX, JOSEPH........,..,...... 3
6
AXDREW, JOIlS ALBIO
.....,...,..,. 454
BACOX, THEODORE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.-\.RROS, ELWYX A.LFRED.. . . . , . . , , . . .
BATES, ARLO. .. .. . . .. . . .. . . ... .. .. . . .
BATES, ELIZABETH
EARS.. . . .. . . .. . . .
ßA.TES, IhRRIET LEOXORA YOSE.......
BATES, KATHERIXI'
LEE.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
BEXSEL, JAl\IES BERRY...............
BIGELOW, PO(;LTXEY....,............
J
ISHOP, )IARY CATHERIXE. . . " . . .. . . .
BROTHER AZARL\S. (Sce Patrick P.
)Iullany.)
BROWS, PmEBE IIIXSDALE.. . . . . . . . . , .
BROWXEJ,L, \V ILLLUI CHARY. . . . . . . . .
BI.:"XXER, IIEXRY CUYLER.. . .,....... .
CARLETO
, IIEXRY GrY..............
CAHPEXTER, ESTHER BERXOS . . . . . , . . .
CATHERWOOD, )IARY IIAHTWELL.......
CA "AZZA, ELISABETH..,.,............
CAWEIX, )IADlSOX .JI.:"LIt.:"S............
CH-\.XLER,
blÉLIE RI\'ES.............
CLARK, KATE LPSOX..........,......
CLEVELASD, GRUVER............ .....
COXE, HELEX GR.\Y. '. . ... . . '" ... ., .
(;OXW.\Y, KATIIERIXE ELEAXOR,.... ..,
('omms, .ASXE SHELDOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COOPER, GEOR(iE . . . .. . . . , . . .. . . ., . , .
('OPW.\Y, GEORGE..... . . ......... ....
CR.\XCH, CHRISTOPHER PEARSE.. . . . . . .
CRAXlJ.\LL, C'H
HLES Ih:XRY. . . " . . . . .
CRA WFORD, ["RAXCIS )IARIOX.........
('ROCKETT, n.\ ,'W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
('ROSOl, FHEDEIW'K K.. . . .. , . . . . . " .
DMiGETT. RULLIX )[ALLORY. . . . . . . . . . .
J>.\XDRIDOE. I>AXSKE,................
DAn
,
fARY En:I,DI
[OORE.........
DAY, lhcII.-\lw Em\"l:ll................
DELAXlJ. :\f\RHARET.................
DWllilI'l', JOBX SCLL1\".\X.. . . .. . . .. . . .
PAGE
EATOS, ..ARTHUR \VE...-TWORTH RA:\IlL.
TOX .,... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . ... . " . .. 361
EDWA.RDS, HARRY STILLWELL.. . . .. . .. 136
Eo AS, l\lAURICE FRAXClS. . . . . . . . " . .. Gß
ELLIOTT, :\1.\1.':D HOWE... . . '" . .... .., 201
410
204
:H:3
3 _.)
"""
FA UXTLEROY, Y IRG IXIA PEYTOX. . . . . . .
FEARIX(;, LILLIE
ßLAXCHE.......,..
FLAGG, \VILSOX.....................
FLE)llxG, )1.\ YBt.:"HY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLETCHER, J I.:"LI -\. ('OXSTA.XCE . . . . . . . . .
FREDEHIC, HAROLD......,...........
3:)1)
34.:;
3;:;0
123
23G
3;)1
<)'"
.w'
222
2
0
1\)7
342 GARRISOX, \VILLI..DI LLOyD...........
GIDL\X, KICHOL.\S P.UXE .,. .., . .. . . .
GOODALE, DORA RE.\D. . . . . . . . . . . .. . , .
358 GOODALE, ELAIXE....................
43 GOIwoX, ARmSTEAD l'Hl'RCHILL......
11::\7 GRADY, HEXlty \VOODFE
. ...........
GR.\XT, ROBERT...,.,.".",....,.,..
17::; I GltEEXE, lImiER.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.:; GREEXE, SARAH PR.\'l'T
Il'LEAX . . . . . .
43G G(;IXEY, LOI.:"ISE hIUOE
..............
IG2
3:l0 TIARLAXD. fIEXRY...................
323 HARRI
OX, BEX.JA:\11
................
34G ILnnnxs, \YILLIS BROOKS..,.,.......
4:>8 II \Y, .JOHX .... ... . .. .. ........... ..
282 HAYES, ReTHERFORD BIRCHARD...,..
113 lIExDERsox, Is.\Ac............. ......
22-1 11 WGlXSOX, JOH
. . . . . . . .. . . " . . .. . . .
a:a IIILDRETIl, ('HARLES LOTIX . . . " . . .. .
38G HOWARTH, ELLEX ('LDIEXTIXE. . . " . . .
3M HOWE, EDGAR \V.\TSO
. . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
:JGO [lOWE,
[Al"D. (See )Iuud II. Elliott.)
143 ll(;TCHE
OX, IlELEX TlI.\n
R. . ...,....
3li....,
3.:;3 .JEFFr.RSOX. .TOSEPII..............,... :108
.TOHXSOX. ROBERT CXDER\\OOD... ... .. 116
35-1 .JOHxsOX, S.\:.\ICEL " ., ... . .... .... '" ;3.:;8
2ì!)
342 KE:\IßLE, FRAXCES .\xx.............. 3-t!)
:)81 KEXYOX, JA:ll1-:S Ih;x.JA:\Il
............ 2:;n
24:J KIXG, GIUL'E EUZABETH.. . . " . . . . . " :H2
:.:
I K:\.\pp, GILßL:RT PETER.. . .. .... . . .., ;3-18
338
440
332
327
200
40
90
340
2.7
307
2!)!)
41il
'is
40:}
4.){j
1::;
4-!()
2:.:4
:140
1;)7
3.:;G
LYDEX OF A UTlIORS, ETC., IX VOL. XI.
I
A THROP, GEORGE P AR!'O
S . . , . . , . . . .
LATHROP, HOSE 11 \WTlIOR
E.....,...
LA WTUX, ""ILL/AJI CRAX
TOX.. . . .. . . .
LITCHFIELD. (iIUCE DE
IO.... ........
LLOYD. n.HW DEJIARES'I'............
LOCKE, RICHARD Au.\JI!'.............
LOI.:GII EAD, FLORA 11 \I
ES.. . . .. . . ., .
LOWELL, HOBERT TRAILL t;PEXCE.....
Lï;DERS, CHARLES IlEXRY . . . . . . . . . . . .
MACKELLAR, THo)U
................
)[ACOX, JOIIX ALFRED...............
l\IAxx, SAJIl"EL .ELEAZER. . . . . . ., . . . . .
)LARKIIAJI. CHARLES EUWI
..........
)IARTlX, EnWAIW SAXFORD. - ........
)IATTHEWS, BRAXDER .......,.......
)1cCLELLAxn, 111 \RY GRI:EXWAY .,. . . .
)1cGAFFEY. ERXE:sT....... .........
)1('KAY, JAJIF.S THOJISOX.............
)ll'LEA
, SARAH PRATT. (See S. P.
)IcL. Greene.)
lIIc:\lASTER, J Oll
BACII. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)[EREDITII, 'YILLlA)[ '1'.. .. . . " . . " . . .
)IITcnEI,L, .AGXES E.. . . .. . . " . . .. .. .
l\hTCIIELL. EDWARD PAGE. . . " . . " . . .
l\lI1.THELL, LAXGDON ELWyX........ .,
)Io
ROE, J AJIES. . . .. ...............
lIIOXTGOJIERY, GEURUE EDG_\R........
l\lORGAX. BI..:SSIE. . . .. . . .. . . " . . " . . .
1\IORIU
. IL\RIUSOX SmTII. . . " . . . . . . .
:MORRIS. R.\:\ISA Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l\[OTLr;y, Jonx LOTHROP..............
:\Il"LI,AXY, PATRH'K FRA
n!'.........
)I...""XKITTRII'K, HICHAIW KEXIJALL. . . .
l\Il"RFltEE, MARY XOAILLES...........
PAGE PAGE
33 HA nlOxn, ROSSITER 'Y ORTHIXGTON. . ..
;H)
41 REEsE, LIZETTE \\" oonWORTH. . . . .. . .. 3
9
114 HICHARDSOX. CHARLES FRAXUS....... 34
343 HIDEIXG, WILLLHI lIEXIty.......... " 118
21 HILEY, JAJ[ES WHITCUJW . . . ......... 130
3.1 IÜORDAX, HOGER.................... ;3;)3
I.!) RIPLEY, HosWELL SABIXE. . . .. . . .. . .. 394
381 HIYES, A:uÉLlE. (See .Amélie It. Chan-
2G.; lel".)
ROLLIXS, .\.LICE 'YELLI
GTOX.. . , .. . .. 34:J
3G2 ROOSE\"ELT, TUEODORE.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.;0
52 RussELL, IRWIX..................... 104
337
44J
348
80
237
338
34.)
424
SALTl"!', EDG \R E"F.RT
OX. . . . . . . . . . . .
SAXBORX, FRA
KLIX flEXJAJIIX... . . .. .
SAXTOX. ..\XDREW BICE... . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCII01"LI:U, J AJIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCOLLAIW. CUXTOX..............,...
SHERJIAX. FRAXK DE)IP
TER.. . ., . . . . .
Smxx, CIL\RLE:-' II ow ARD . . . . . . . . . . . .
SIIIXX,
ItLICEXT '\'.\:-'lIllrR
. . . . . . . . .
7
SLO
OX. ..AX
ìE TR(")IBl.:'LL. .. . . ... . . .
SmTII, Br:LLE I<
rG.xIA . . . .. . . ., . . . . .
S)UTII. FLORE:'\TE..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:::;)111'11, STEPnE
DECATUR, JR. . . . . . .
STEIX. ORTH HARI'ER. . . . . . .. .......
STDI
O:'\', FREDERW JESrp............
STORRS, RICHARD SALTER. . . . . . . . . . . .
2G7
311
339
2t'.)
291)
100
2.1
429
3B!)
3.")!)
3..W
354
167
391
334.
330
G.;
3'1')
44f1
O"}-)
-"-
)
34.ì
240 TAPP.\X, "'ILLLUI BIXlmA)[.......... 3.")\}
24fì THAYER. WILLIAJI HosrOE.........,.. 281
3.7 TmmAs. EDI'm
L\TlLDA., . . . .., , . . . .. 1;:;:3
43;3 'l'lJCKER)L\X, BAyARD................ 208
3J3
3 L-I'TOX. GEORGE )[ELYILLE. .......... 3GO
XH'OLAY,.TOI{xGI:ORGE............... 403 YA
REXf:!'ELAER,
IARIAX_\ GRIS-
X OTED SA YlXGs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 446 WOLD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. fiO
Y ARIOt:S POEJIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3:34
O"COX
OR, MII'IIAEL.. .............. . '334
,V ARREX. :EmL l' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34.2
P.UtE. Tnml.\$ NELSO
.............. lOG \YEB:-'1'ER, DANIEL................... :3:n
p ARKI:U. TIIEODOR
: '" . ... . " . . " . .. WiG \YEXDELL, BARRETT................. 217
P.\ YXE, WILI,IAJ{ l\lowrox,.. . . .. . . ., .. 273 \YILKIX
, )IARY ELE.\XOR... . . .. . . .., 2ët!
PECK.II.\RRYTlII'RS'l'OX............. 2
!) \\'ILSOX, EPIPl{O\XIU
..... .......... :J.t-!
PECK, SUICEL l\IrXTl"RX............. 1.B "-OOUBERR\' (jEORGE EDWARD....,... 211
PEXNYPAI'KER. hAAC Rn.LIxn........ :
:{5 "'OODS, KATETAX
ATT.............. 344
PHELPS, ('HAULESJlEXRY ...........123 'VOOLSEY,TIIEODOREDwIGIIT......... 374
POTTER. IIEXRY CODJIAX............. 4Gl
PYLE, HOWARD..................... 12<i
\xoxnIOCS.................... 34ì. 3G1
The General Inùex of Authors n.nc1 Seledionf:. (.overing the whole 'Vark, is at
the eud of this Y olume.
SHORT BIOGRAPHIES
OF ALL AUTHORS REPHESE
TED IK THIS 'VORK
By ARTHUR STEDMAN
SHOI{T BIOGRAPHIES
OF ALL AUTIlORS REPRESENTED IX TIllS 'YORK
By ARTHUR STEDMAN.
ames of Authors reprel"ented by Selection!! are given in capital!!. Authors of :Noted Sayings, etc.. in
"lower-case." 'Vhcre errors have been detected, by later research, in the data of births and deaths pre-
fixed to sdections throughout the LIBRARY, they are corrected in the biographical notices which follow.
ABBEY, Henry, merchant, b. Rondout,
N. Y., 11 July, IS..t
. Fitted for college, but
did not enter. Was occnpiell with journal-
ism in New York city and ,"icinity until 186-!,
when he returned to Hondout and engaged
in mercantile pursuit
. His fir
t volume of
poems, .. )Iay Dreams," nppeared in ltìG2.
Other collections are "Ballads of Good
Deeds ., (18,2\, "The City of ::;uecess" (1883),
and" Poems," complete (1881;).
ABBOTT, John Stevens Cabot, cler,gy-
man, b. Brunswick, .Me., 18 ::;ept_, 180.),
Graduated at Bowdoin college. Preached in
various cities of )Ia
sachusetts anll Connec-
ticut until 18,H, when he ado F ted literature
as a profession. Author of" r 'he History of
X
\poleon Bonaparte" (1tì;;
-.'j), ,. _\ History
of the C'i vil War in America, " (1863-6), anI I
" History of Frederick the Great" (1871).
Died, Fair IIa'-en, Conn., 17 June, 18iì.
ABBOTT, Lyman, clergyman, b. Rox-
bury, ::\Ias
., 18 Dec., 18:1.;. GnHluatedat the
universitvof Xew York_ Entered the min-
istry in i
GO as pastor of a Con,gregationaL
church at Terre Haute, Inll. In 18G!) he
turnf'IL his entire attention to literature and
journali
m. ::;ucceeded Henry \Vanl Beech-
er as e(1itor of" The Chri:,tian e nion," awl
suh
l"l'H'ntly as pastor of Plymouth church
in Brooldvn, X. Y. Some of hi.., works are,
".Jesus of Xazarf'th: IIis Liff' anll Teach-
ing
" (181ì!)), a "Life of H. 'Yo Beecher"
(188:1), antl "In Aid of Faith "(188(i).
ADAMS, Abigail [Smith 1, b. Wey-
mouth, :\Lass., 23 Xov., 1,44. Haughter of
Rev. "ïlliam Smith, ('ong-regationalminis-
tel' of that placf', awl Elizabeth QuinC'y.
'Vas married to Juhn .\tlams, secOJHI presi-
dent of the Unitell ::;tates.
:) (Jet.. 17G-t.
Joilletl her hushanll at Paris in 1784. awl
accompanied him to London on his apl'oint-
ment to the English mission, remaining
there ulltil17SR. Resitled with him at Phila-
delphia during his ,-ice-presidency and presi-
dency from 1789 untillBOO. The rest of her
life was passed at Braintree, )Ia
s. ::\[r8.
Adams received a slender education in h
'r
youth, but during her married lif(' became
familiar with the best literature of her time,
A collection of her letters from 1761 to the
last years of her life was publi
hed hy her
grandson, Charles Francis Adams, under
the title, "Letters of 1\Irs. Adams" (1840).
They abound with pictures of life in Amer-
ica and Europe during the Rf'volutionary
period. Died, Quincy, )[ass., 28 Oct., 1818.
ADAMS, Charles Follen, merchant, b.
Dorchester, ::\Lass., 21 April, 184
. With the
exception of t\\O years' service during the
cidl war, ha
ahnl,
-s been occupied with his
business at Boston. ITas contrihuted hu-
morous dialect poetry to the periodicals
since 18,2. .Author of .. Leetllf' Yawcob
::::>trRuss. awl Other Poems" (18i8).
ADAMS, Charles Francis, diplomatist,
h. Boston, )la
., 18.\ug.. 180i'. ::;On of John
Quiney .Adam
. Receiwd his early etluca-
tion in Europe, and graduated at Harvard.
::;erwd in the l\[as
achnsetts legi
lature for
several years, anll in 1
-!8 was the un
uccess-
ful Free-soil candidate for ,"ice-pre:,idcnt.
Was U. S. minister to England, 1861-
,
where he p('rfonned valuable S('l"\ ices for the
enion durin!! the ei\-il war. Ellited ,. The
'Yorks of Jolin .\dams" (U;.")O-G). anll .. The
:ì\[emoirs of John Quincy .\Ilam
" (1874-7).
Author of numprousoration
awl al1t1resses.
Died. noston, )[ass., 21 Xov., 1881;.
ADAMS, Charles Francis, Jr., lawver
anll finan( ier, h. Boston. )[a:,
., 2, )[ilV,
18
:;. Gralll1atell at Han-ard, Servèd
through the civil war in the Union army.
468
ADAMS-ADA.MB.
Subsequentl
' became noted as It railroad
commissioner amI arbitrator, and in 1884
was made president of the Union Pacific
railroad. In 188:3 he was elected a member
of the Harvard board of overseers, Ila
puhlished "Chaptprs of Erie "(18ì1) amI ".A
College Fetich" (It:18:3), the former in con-
junction with Henry
\.dam
.
ADAMS, Hannah, b, l\ledfield, :'IIass..
1,.3.3. She was the daughter of an intelli-
gent shop-keeper, from the books in whose
store she gained most oÎ her early education.
Her father's failure compelled hel.to work at
lace-making, This source of income failing,
she devoted herself to writin
. Her chief
works were" Yiew of Religion
" (1784), " .A
Summary History of X ew England" (1799),
"Evidences of Christianity" (1801), and
" Ilistory oft he Jews" (1812). Died, Brook-
Jine. :'I[a
s.. 15 Xov., 18a2.
ADAMS, Henry, b. Boston, Mass., 16
Feb., 1838. Son of Charle
Fmnds Adams.
Gnuluated at Harvard,
\ctf'd as his father's
seerf'tarv in London, 1861-8. Was assistant-
professòr of history at Harvard from 1t:170 to
18".
\fter a subsequent residence in Lon-
don, removed to \Vashington, D. C, lias
written ., Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law"
(18,(;), "Life of .Albert Gallatin" (1879),
"John H.alldolph" (1882), and" History of
the United States "-The Firi"t and Second
Administrations of Thomas Jefferson-
(18
H-90).
ADAMS, John, clergyman, b.
om Sco-
tia, 1,04. GralluatedutHarvard. \Vasmin-
ister at Xewport. R. I., for two years and
afterward settled at Phihtdelphia, Penn.
His volume of "Poems on Several Ucca-
sions" (1 i4:>) appeared after his death. Une
sermon had heen published during his life-
time. Died,Camhridge, :'II ass. , 23Jan., 1740.
ADAMS, John,
econd president of the
Pniteù :::;tate
, b. Quincy, then a pm"t of
J3raintree, )Iass., 31 Oet., 17:33. Son of John
Adam:", a selectman of Rraintree. Gradu-
ated at Harvard, Regan to praeti!.'(' law in
17:>8. Dranghted resolutions against the
stamp-act at a town meeting in Bmintree in
17();J, which were atlopted by more than for-
tv towns in :\lassachusetts. IlemO\-ed his
l"èsidence to Bo
ton in 1'j'()8. Defended Cap-
tain Preston and his soIaicrs in 1770 for
their action in the so-called ,. Roston mas-
sacre," although at that time Adams was a
leader in the American party. "'as elected
a delegate to the first Continental congress
in 1774. In this body, and in its :mccessor,
he drew up and ad,-oeated many of the mo!"t
important measures passed, amI to concili-
ate the Southern colonies proposed \Vash-
ing-ton for the ehief com mamIeI'. \Yas one of
the committee for preparing the Declaration
ùf Indepl'mlencl'. and lell the three-Ilays de-
hate upon it. First Ill'pointed comllli:,sioner
to Franl"e in 1 iii. Uutained the recognition
of the r nited States by Holland in April,
1 'j'8
. \\" ith Jay amI Franklin completed
the treaty of 17
:
with Great Britain. Was
first U. S. minister to the English court from
1 ;83 to 1,t{tì, and first vice-presidellt of the
rnited States from 17tì8tol'j{ì'j'. Was presi-
dent l'j'H;-l
Ol, and failing of a reëlection,
pas!.'cll the remainder of his life in retiremen t
at Quincy. "The Life and Works of John
Adams," editcd by C. F, Adams, appeared in
1t:1.30-6. DielI. Quincy, Mass., 4 July, H
(j.
ADAMS, John Quincy, sixth presidl'nt
of the United States, b. lkuintree, l\Ias
.,
11 July, 17(;i. Son of the preceding. He-
ceÏ\'ed the greater pmt of his education
while with his father in Europe, amI en-
tered the senior clai"s at Hananl, grnduat-
ing with it in 1788. Practi
ed law at Boston
until 1,94, w hen be wus appointed minister
to Bollanil hy \Yashington, In 17{ì7hewas
appointed minister to Prussia by his fat her,
with the mh-ice of Washington, Ferving un-
til1801. \Vas r. S. !"enator from l\lassachn-
I'etts, 1802-8, resigning on account of polit-
ical differenee with his state's legislature.
Lectured at I1aryard as profb
or of rheto.
ric,ltìUG-9. \Vas appointed minister to Rus-
sia by Madison in I80fl, remaining at :::;1.
Petcrsburg until 1814, when he formell one
of the commission at Ghent to complete the
treftty of peace with Great Britain. \Yas
minister to England, 181:)-17. and seeretary
of state under )Ionrae, 181;-25. Succeeded
the latter as president in 182.3. Failing of a
reël('ction, he represented a :'IIassRehusetts
rli
trict in ('ongre
s from 1831 until his
de at h. During t Ids period he constnntly
ad \"ol'ateilthe anti-sla \""Cry cause in congress
and gHined the title of ..thi' old man elo-
quent." There hnn heen publislll'd, besides
his orations and political paper
, .. Letters
on Silesia" (1804), .. Lectures on Rhetoric"
(1810), "Dermot :\Iac )[orrogh" (lR32),
"Poems" (1848), and "l\lemoirs of John
Quincy Adams" (1874-7). Died, Washing-
ton, 1>. r.. 23 Fcb., 1848.
ADAMS, Samuel, statesman. b. Boston,
.Mass., 2. Sept.. 1722. Dh-:tantly related to
President John Adams. Graduated at Har-
\""Iird. Entered Lusine:,;s as a young UlUIl amI
wns unsuc('essful.
uccee( ling to the owner-
ship of his father's brewery on the latter's
!lpath in 1 ;48, he soon after became tax-eol-
lector of noston and entered \""igorously into
politic!'. Drnughted theinstruet iOIlsgi\"en hy
the town of Bo
ton in 17()4 to its reIH'(':"enta-
ti\'es in r('gard to the stamp-act. Se]'\""ed as
a memLer of the :\[assachusf'tts legislature
from 1'j().) to 17;4. \VaschieflYinstruIlIenl111
in eompelling Go\""ernor Hutchinson to w.ith-
draw the British troops from Buston after
the ,. Doston massacre." Organized the
., committees of correspondence" in Massa-
chusetts in 17,2. and the "Boston tea-party"
of the following year. Was electcd a dele.
ALBEE-ALDRICH.
469
gate to the Continental congr('
!':, 1774-81.
President of the l\[n,.;
nchusetts !'enate in
1 iHl. e rgwl anll carried the adoption of the
felleml constitution bv 1Ia
sachusetts in
1 ÎI"1j. \Y as lieutPlUwt-i:ovemorof that statC'
from 1 i8;} to 1 i!H, and gOH'l"Ilor from 1794
to 1797. Selections from his politieal writ-
in.gs are gi \'en in .. The l.ife and Pu blic Ser-
vices of Samuel Adams" (18(j,>), hy \V. V.
Wells. Died, Bo
ton, 1[ass., 2 Oet., 1803.
ALBEE, John, b. Bellingham, l\Ia
s., 3
A pril, 18;
:3. Obtainell his education at Phil-
lips acallemy, Ando\"er, and at Cambridge.
l\Iass. In 186;) }[r. Albee purchased the an-
cient Jaffrey estate at .Kew Castle, X. II.,
and made it his permanent residence, carry-
ing on the farm in summer and devoting
his winters to writing. lIe has lectured ue-
fore the Concord school of philosophy and
elsewhere. Author of .. l.Jiterary Art"
(ltjtH), .. Poems" (ltiH3), and a .. IlÜ:tory of
New Castle, X. II." (1884).
ALCOTT, Amos Bronson, educator, b.
Wolcott, Conn., :.W X'ov., 17!)!). \Vas the son
of a farmer of that place, and began the
teaching of childl'en there in 1823. Hemm"ed
to Boston in 18Z8 and pursued the same oc-
cupation with great succes
, but his school
lutving been denounced by the newspapers
on account of the teacher's ath"anced ideas,
he ahamlonell it and interestcil himself in
the study of philosophy allli in varions re-
form;;. Yisited EllglUllll in 1842, returning
with spwral friend
, with whom he pur-
chased a farm caBell ,. Fruitlands " at Har-
yard. :\Ias,;.., and attempted to e
tahlish a
new community. The experiment failing.
1Ir.
\.lcott retnrned to Boston. There, awl
later at Concord, )ra
., he followed the life
of a peripatetic philo"oplll'r. cmwer"ing on
philo
ophical and practical que
tion,.;, in
villages and cities, whenen>r invited. Ile
attaclll'd great importallee to diet aIllI gOY-
ernnlC'nt of the bod v allli still more to rIll'e
and complexion. \"as It founder of the COII-
cord sehool of philosophy and nne of its
leflllill,g !'pil"ib. Besillt'''; contrihuting to
"TIll' Dial" (I1::j;l!)-4:!) alii I other periodieals.
he puhlishell "Tablet.; "(18lìt1), .. Con('orl1
Vays ., (18 ìZ), .. Tahle Talk " (1
ìi), "Son-
neb and Ca" llZollets (I8H
), amI an "E
"av"
pre
cnted to Emer"on on his birthday(ltiUj).
Dietl. Bo..;ton, :\[a
"., 4 :\lar., 18t18.
ALCOTT, Louisa May, b. Germantown,
Pelln., 2H Xo\"., It1:
Z. Daughter of
\mos
Bron"on Alcott, by whom, allli bv Henry D.
Thm'ean, !'he was educated. In 18-10 her
family remo\"Cd to Concord, l\fa
"., which
wa
her prineipal plaee of re
idenee there-
nfter. For some year
she" as oc('u piell wit h
teaching. Bcr fir:,:t literary work consbted
of storie!;, for which she receh"ed no compen-
sation. In IS6Z and 18G;
she served as a
hospital nurse in \Vashington, and her ex-
periences at this time are told ill ., Hospital
ketches " (18G3, re,ised edition 1869). She
wrote chiefly fot. young people, some of her
books reaching largc ::'ales. .Among them arc
.. Flower Fables" (183.3), "Little \Yomen "
(18GI;), "Little :\Ien " (1871), "Eight Cous-
ins" (18ì4), and "Lulu's Library" (18t:\5).
Dieil, Boston, l\las
., G 11ar., 1888.
ALDEN, Henry Mills, b. l\1t. Tabor,
Yt., 11 Xo\"., It1;J(1. Graduated at Williams
college, aIllI at the Andover theologieal sem-
inarv. Came to X'ew York ('ity in 18tH and
eng
iged in teaching, contribufing occasion-
nl nrticles to the" .Atlnntic 1Ionthlv," antI
doing editorial work for newspapèrs, un-
tillt1ü3. In 1863-4 he delh"ered a f'eries of
tweh"e Lowell lectures at Boston on "The
Structure of Paganism." 1... nited with Dr.
.A. II. Guernsey in preparing" Harper's Pic-
torial History of the Rebellion" (1863-5).
Became managing editor of "Harper's
". eckly" in 1
6-!, and four years later editor
of " Harper's 1Iagazine."
ALDRICH, James, b. 1\Iattituck, L. I.,
N. Y., 14 July, 1810. BegmdifeRsahu
iness
man, but in It\36 devoted himself to literary
pursuits. Edited several popular periodicnls
at 1\ew í ork, and in 1840 ('"tahlbhed the
" Literary Gazette, " in which many of his
be!'t poems fir,.;t appearefl. _\ colledion of
" Poems ., (Itit14) hns been primtely printed
by hi
daughter, 1[rs. Elizabeth
\. Ely.
Dipd, Xew York, X. Y., 9 Sept.. 1836.
ALDRICH, Thomas Bailey, b. Ports-
mouth, X, II., 11 Xov., l
a6. IIC' wao;; taken
as a child to Loui"iann. wherehe remained for
a numher of years. \Vhile preparing fnr col-
leQ'c at Portsmouth the /lenth of his father
ca:u,.;etl a change in his plans, aIllI he tuok a
po:-:itiun in the eounting-room of an undo
in X' ew York dty. :Soon h('gan writing for
perio(licals and, meeting ,\ ith suecC's", re-
i
nea hi" hu
ine:,;s de,,1\: IIftf'l' three vellrs'
t:r\""ice, and becanw ., reader " for à Xew
York publbhing-house. lie formell SUl'l'eS-
foi\"e etlitorial eonnections with the .. Xew
Y nrk E\"ening 11irror," thc" Home Jour-
nal, .. amI the" Saturday Pre:,:
," in the :,;ame
('it\". Later, was editor of "E\"erY Satur-
day," in Uo
ton. 18î0-4. HUll l;een for
smile yenr
a rC'
ular staIT eoiltrihutol" to the
.. Ath-mtie )[()l
thly" when in 1
81 he
uc-
c('e(led \Yilliam Dean Howell" as editor of
that magazine. 1\1r. Aldrich had I'ubli:<hed
one \"olume of verse, "The Bell,," (1834),
when "The Ballad of Bahie Bell, amI Other
Poems" appcared in 18,ïG and estnhli:';}lell
his reputation as a poet. Other volumes of
poetry arc ., Pam pinefi. and Other Poems"
(18Gl), "Cloth of Gold, and Other Poems"
(1874), .. Flower nnd Thorn" (18îG), .. Friar
Jerome's Beautiful Book" (1881). .. 1ler-
cedes, anll Later Lyrics" (1884), ,. \\-Yllll-
ham Towers" (18tj!)), beside::; several colÌect-
h-e editions of his poetical works. :-;orne of
his pro::;e yolumes are "Out of his Head, a
470
.ALEXANDER-AJIES.
Romance" (186
). "The Story of a Raù
noy" (1870). ":\IlIrjorif' Dn.w. find Other Peo-
pie" (187:3). .. Pl"lulem'p Palfrey" (1874),
"The c..111el'n of
hf'ha .. (1871), and '"The
fitillwn.ter Tmgf'Ih-" (1
8n).
ALEXANDER, Archibald, divine. b.
Hockhri(lge Co.. Yn.. 17 April. 1772. The :,on
of a Yir:rinia farmer. He was ordained a
Presbyte'riaulllini4N'. 1 'iH-!. find was presi-
dent of Hampùen Sydney college 179G-IH07.
Preadwd at Pluladelphia from 1807 to 1812.
wheu he bpeame prim'ipal professor in the
t heologiefil school then
tarted at PrineetoIl.
N. J,. filling the pO
itiOìl until his death.
Of his nlany theolo.rical works the best
known is thè fir
t, ,f'Outline
of the Eyi-
dences of Christianity" (182:3), Died, Prim'e-
ton. X. J.. 22 Oet., 18:)1.
ALGER, William Rounseville, clerg-y-
mall, b. Freetown, :\Ia,.:s., 30 Dec., It'
.
Graduated nt the [larvaI'd theological
school. anù IJeeame pastor of "C nitariau
churclws in X ew York, Boston. and other
cities. Among his published works tire" The
Poetry of the East" (18:)G), .. A Critical His-
tory of the Doetrine of a Future Life"
{18Ù1), ,. The Solitudes of Xuture and of
J\IHn" (ltlüG), and" A Symbolic History of
the Cro,.:s of Christ" (1881).
ALLEN, BenjaDÙn, author of " "Crania,
-or the True C se of Poesy," puhlished at
:Kew York eitv in It114. 1\0 other facts COIl-
.cerning this "Titer have been obtained.
ALLEN, Ethan, suldier. b. Litchfield.
C-'onn., 10Jan., 17:-r.(Du Puy). HemoYed in
17G6 to that part of Yermont known as the
. Xe,{: Hampshire grant
," then claimed by
1\ ew Y o
..k state. .Allen rabed llUll headeù
a company of men called the" Green ':.\Ioun-
tain Bovs, "who...;ueeessfullvre
i:,teù theKew
York a1.1thoritie:,. ,nth (his force he also
effected the surprise anù capture of Port
'ficonderoga, 10 ::\Iay, 1 ÎÎ5, Was for three
years a prisoner in the hands of the British.
()btaineù from congress the recognition of
Y l'rmont as a separate state. Besides his
. Xarratiye of Captivity" (1779), he brought
out a book direeted against the Christian re-
lIgion. Dieù, Burlington, Vt., 12 Fell.,17
!J.
Allen, William [Xuted Saying: Vol. XI.,
. })age 4,31J. b. Edenton, 1\. C., 27 Dec., 1t10li.
L. ð. repre:sentathTe from Ohio, 1833-5. and
1::. S. senat01', 1t187-49. Died, near ChiUi-
cotlIe. U.. 11 July, 1879.
ALLSTON, Washington, artist, b. 'Vac-
camaw, near Georg<>town, S.. C., :> Xov.,
177!J. Recein'l1 his prepamtion for college
t 1\e\\ port. H. 1., where he beeame ae-
<luainted with :\IalbOlw, and fir"t de,"eloped
;Hl interl'
t in art. Gnuluatell at Ilarmrd,de
livering a poem at commeJ)('ement. Dispo:s-
ing of hi:s estate in :-;outh ('arolilla, he en-
terP(l on a ('oLU'se of art-studies at the Rond
.l\emlemy of Lonllon. Eng-Ianù. remaining
there. and at Pari:s anù }{Olllt', frolll 1801
l1ntil1809. "-hill' in _\meri('fi. 1809-11. he
marriell thp sister of Dr. William }
Uerv
Channing. f'he died in 181:
. awl later iil
life he married a !'ister of Richard Henrv
Dana. Ueturning to EII:iJn.nd in 1811, AIÌ-
ston resided there until 1818. Iminting dur-
ing this periol1 many Oflll
be
t piC'ture!'. and
publi
hing a volume of pocms," The S
Tlph
of the Seasons" (18W). Ueturnefl to
\mer-
ica in 181t1. and Ih"ed at Bo
ton awl ('am-
bridge. :\Iu:ss.. for the rpmailllier of hi" lift'.
Among his Illll-:t noted pictures arc portmits
of Benjamin
W e4. ColerÜlge. amI him'self,
"Saul and the "ïtchof EntIor." "The _\n-
gel e riel in the Sun," "Spalerro's Yi"ion of
the Bloolly Hand," and the noted" Relshaz-
zfir's Feast"-the plan of whieh was ehangwl
shortly before hi,.: {leath amI the painting left
unfinished. 'Y rote ":\1 OIwldi: a Talc"
(lA-H). His ,. Leetnres on
\rt. and Pocms"
(1t-!.,O) were editel} amI }lublishe{l nfter his
death b\- Hich:ml II. Dana, Jr. Died, Cam-
bridge, ')Iass.., 9 .July, 18-!
.
ALSOP, George, colonist, h. England,
lGaK Emigrated to )InrylalHl, Hi5t1, and
completed a term of fonr Yf'ars' service in
Baltimore county of that colom, Had re-
turned to EnglaJid hy HiüG, whèrü he pub-
lishpd ., A ('hamcter of the Province of
:\IarylulHl" (lGGü). Of his subsequent life
no
hiJlg is known.
ALSOP, Richard, b.l\Iilll11down. Conn.,
23 Jan., 17lH. Studied, but did not gradu-
ate, at Yale. From 1791 to 18H,), in con-
junction with the other so-called" Hartforll
\nts," he was prÌIlC'ipal contributor to the
series of satirical papl'rs afterwal'd collected
in "The Echo" (1807). Also wrote "..A
Poem; Saered to the l\[emory of George
'Vashington" (1800). .. 'fhe Enchanted
Lake, or the Pairy :Morg-mla " (ltlOtj), and
!'('wral translations. Died, Flatbush, L. I.,
X. Y., 20
\.ug., lH15.
AMES, Fisher, statesman, b, Dedham,
:1\1 as:;. , 9 ..April, 17;)8.
on of 1\athuniel
..Ames. Graduated at Ilan'ard. Regan prac-
tising law at Dedham, 1 jtjl, after spvcml
year::; of teaching. His political contribu-
tions to the periOllieals,
igned "Lucius
Junius Brut us " :Ind .. l'nmillus." earliest
hrou
ht him into notice. In 1788 he was
elected to the first e. S. congre
s. serving
pig-ht Years. TIe wn
ehosen to deliver the
atìdl"e
s of that body to 'Vashington on the
latter's l"etÌl'ement from the pl'l'sideney, and
{lelivered the eulogy on \Vashington bf'fore
the ì\lassaehusetts legislature in Fehrnary,
1800. One of Ames':s most important
peeches in congl"e::;s was that
ml'rorting
the tf'rms of .Jay's treatv with Great Britain
in 17!16. :-\hol'tÌy aftel: this, fniJing health
ohlig-ed him to retire fl'om public life.
\
collection of his speeclll's and writings was
published in 180
', nllli therp han> app"
H"l'd
since, ,. 'V orks of Fisher
-\.nll.':S " (1
;:;1) and
AMES -A TKINSON.
471
"Speeches of Fisher Ames in Congress"
(1871 ). Died. Dedhmn, :l\Iass., 4 J ul
', 1808.
AMES, Nathaniel, physician, h. Bridge-
water, :\las".. 1;08. \Yas interested in as-
tronomv and brought out annually frum
l'ì
."j uñtil his deltth a popular aimanac
known as the ,.
\.stronomical Diary." Re-
sided at Dedham. :\IlIss.
larrie(1 )lalT
Fisher, their son being Fi...;her
\mes, the orå-
tor. Diell. Dellham. )lass.. 11 .Tulv, 17M.
ANDERSON, Joseph, clerg-
:man, b.
Ross-shire, Scotlanil, 1U Dec.. IH3G. Came
tu A meriea, 1t)42. Graduated at the college
of New lork. Became pastor of a COJlgre-
glltional (.hnrl'h in "
aterhury, Conn., 12
Feb., 186.3. For several years a member of
the corporation of 1 ale university, lIas
contributed poetry to the magazines. and
writtpll a number of works 011 archæologi-
cal. ethnolog-ica], and historical suhjects.
ANDREW, John Albion, statesman. b,
\Vindham, 11e.. 31
1av, 181t1. Grndnated at
Bowdoin. \Yns admiÙed to the bar of Bos-
ton in 1840. Soon connected himself with
the anti-slawrv movement, and was counsel
in severalnotèd fugitive-slave trials. \Vas
elected a member of the Massachusetts leg-
islature. lR:)8, and was gowrnor of the same
fotate, I
GI-G, sending the first troops to
\Yashington in the civil war. Died, Boston,
Mass.. :10 Oct.. IBm.
ANDREWS, Stephen Pearl, L. Tem-
pleton, )1as".. 22 )[ar.. 1812. :::;tudied at
Amherst college, and practised law in IJoui,,-
iana and Texas, Afterward removed to Bos-
ton and beC'ame u('tive in the anti-slavery
movement. IIis" Basic Outline of r nivel:-
solog-y" (IH'ì2) is an exposition of his theory
of the unity of law in the unin>rse, which
theory extenùs to a universal language,
nameù by him" Alwato." Published nu-
merous works explaining and defending his
ideas. Died. Xew York, X. Y., 21 :\lay,188G.
ANTHONY, Susan Brownell, reformer,
b.
outh Adams,
Iass., 1;:; Feù., 1
20. of
Quaker parentage. Taught school in New
York state frum It135 to 18.30. In 18.32 she
organized the \Yoman's Xew York state tem-
perance society, and bpcame a leader in tem-
}Jerance and woman's rights mo\'ements.
he was also active as an Rnti-sla\"ery agita-
tor before and during the civil war. Joint
Huthor with two others of "The IIi:"torv of
\Voman Suffrage" (IRSl). .
ANTROBUS, John, artist, b. WaIMH,
tafford"hire, England, 18:11. Came to
Ameriea in 18-!tI. lIas resided ehidlv in De-
troit, Mich., though he has spent soine time
in stlllly at IJondon and Paris. lIas gained
reputation as a portrnit-painter. II is poelllS
haH' heen puhlishea in tlw perio<1icak One
of them. .. The Cowboy," was iuspired by
his lIotl'l1 picture beal"ill
tlw
alllP title.
APPLETON, Thomas Gold, h. Bo:,:ton,
::\la,,:,:., in .:\Iar., 181
. Graduated at lIar-
vard, and was a classmate of \Vendell Phil-
lips and John Lothrop Motley. Travelled
extensively in Europe and the Bast. 'Vas
the founder of the Bostonliterury club, and
was noted for his wittv C'onversation. Pub-
li<;hed "Xi}e Journal ,: (1876), "Syrian Sun-
shin{' " (18;7). and a volume of poems. Died,
Xe\\" York. X. Y.. 17 April, 188-1.
ARISTOCRACY, The Author of.- The
editors are not at liberty to give any infor-
mation rpspecting this writer, beyond the
faet that their selections from ., Aristoc-
racy," etc., appear legitimately in "A. Li-
hrnry of
\meriean I.iterature."
ARNOLD, Benedict, soldier, b, K 01'-
wieh, Conn., 14 Jan., 1741. \Yas a success-
ful merchant at Xew Hayen, Conn., aUfI
captain of the governor's guards when he
led them to Cambridge. Ma
s.. on receipt of
the news of the battle of Lexington. As-
sistpd at the capture of Tieonderoga, \Vas
promoted to he a major-general in the Con-
tinentalarm
- for gallant services. The ex-
posure of his subsequent trea::::on by the cap-
ture of )1ajor
\.mlré occurred on 23 Sppt.,
1.80. .\.rnold eseaped to the British army.
Died. IJomlon. England, 14 June, 1801.
ARNOLD, George, b. New York, x.l.,
24 J nne, 18:
..t In early life resided at Alton,
Ill., where his parpnts remained until 184D,
when they remoY('(l to the settlement of
Fourierites at Strawherry Fanns, in l\Ion-
mouth county, X. .J. Bpgall the study of
painting when eighteen years old. hut soon
after deyoted himself to literature. Con-
tributed articles of ewry description to the
magazines and new
papers. and wrote a
popular series of sketchps called" ::\{('''''\rone
Pap('rs," which appeared in .. Yanity Fair"
anù other journals from 18(j() until his death.
Served in the r nion army during" the civil
war, and was stationed fnr a period at one
of the forts on Staten Island. ,. Drift: a
Sea-shore Idyl: and Other Poems" (18GG)
and ., Poems. Gran> awl Gay" (18üG) were
edited hy William "ïnter. Died, Stmw-
herry Farms, X. J., 3 Kov., 18G5.
ASTOR, William Waldorf, diplomatist,
b. Ke\V York. N. Yo, 31 )Iar., 1848. He-
ceived his educa.tion in that eity from Pro-
fessor Hinkel of
Iarburg" university, Ger-
many. Studied art for several years. Gradu-
nted at the Columhia law f'ehooI. practised
law in Xew York. and wa" a memher of the
state sC'nate at .-\lhanv for three Years. \Yas
appointed Co S. min'ister to Italy hy Pre:,i-
dent Arthur, 1882. resigning- in 188:>. lias
chiefly heen o('('upiPd with the study of
hooks. Suecee<1e(l to the cstat e of hi
fat hpI',
John .Ja('oh .\.stor, Ff'h., 18!J0. .Author of
., Valentino," an ftali:m romance (t8t;5)
and of ,. Sforza: a Story of
lilan " (1889).
ATKINSON, Edward, economist, b.
Brookline, :Mass., 10 Feb., 1827. Early de-
voted himself to the study of economic ques-
472
4 un UEON-BAGB r.
tions. lIas delivered numerous addres
es,
and puùlished many pamphlets and article:-:,
on these subjects. Some of them arc "Cheap
Cotton by Free Labor" (1861), .. Our Ka-
lional Domain" (18-;9), o. Lahor and Capi-
tal" (188U), .. Addrc:-:ses at Atlanta. Ga., 011
the Cotton Expo:"ition of 1881," " The Rail-
way and the Farmer" (1881), and" The Dis-
tribution of Products" (1885).
AUDUBON, John James, naturalist, U.
near Xew Orleans, Ln., 4
Ia
, 1780. 'Vas
sent to France for his education, where he
studied art in the studio of the painter
David. lIis father, a Frenchman bv birth,
encouraged the son's interest iunatural his-
tory, and placed him at the age of seventeen
on a farm at :\Iill Grove, near Philadelphia,
Penn., to facilitate his studies. In 1808, hav.
ing made some unsuccessful attempts in
business at :K ew York, Audubon sold this
farm amI removed to I
ouisville, Ky. There,
and in many seetions of the country, he oc-
cupied himself with excur:-:ions into the
woods and fields in search of specimens. The
plates for his great work, .. The Birds of
America ., (18:30-8), were made in England,
where he went in 182ü, and he was enabled
to carry the enterpri:-:e through financially
by the efforts of European natmalists,
" Ornithological Biography" (18:31-9) com-
prises the text descripti,"e of the hil'tls por-
trayel1 in the former work. Auduhon re-
turiled to .Amerim in 18-10, and purchased
an estate on the IInd:-:on, now known as
\u-
dubon park. Xew Y orkcity, remaining
here
until his Ileath. "lluadrupeds of America ..
(18Jü-5-1) was prepared with the assistance
of his sons. Died, ":\Iinllie's Land," Xew
York, X. Y.. 27 Jan.. 1$:;1.
AURINGER, Obadiah Cyrus, h. Glens
Fall
, N. \?, 4 June, 18-1!J. Sen-ed for some
years in the U. S. lW.YV. and since Itf,.") has
followed the occupatiòn of a farmer in his
Ilative place. lIas ùrought out two volumes
of poetry, "The V oicc of a
hell" (1877)
and" Scythe and Sword ., (1887).
AUSTIN, Jane [Goodwin], b. 'Vorces-
ter, :\In:-:s., 2;) Feh., 1t!:H. The daughter of
haae Good Will of 'Vorcester. She recd ved
herf>dncation in Ro:-:ton schools, and in 18;)0
was marriell to I.1oring II.
\ustin of the lat-
ter city, where I'he has since resided. Some
of her' books are" Fairy Dreams" (11;.")9),
,. Dora Darling" (11;64). "A :Kameless Xo-
hleman "(1881), "The Desmond Ilun(lred ..
(1
2), and " Nantucket Scraps" (18H:.J).
AUSTIN, William, lawyer, h. Charles-
town, Mns:,:., 2
lar.. 1ì7
. Graduated at
Harvard. Is first noticed a
delh"ering an
oration at Charlestown, :\[as:-:., in IH01. on
the anniversary of the battle of Bunker lIill.
Thi<; was pubiished at the time. The two
fol1owing years he spent in England, and
his stavabroad resulted ina yolumeof o. Let-
ters f1:om London" (1804), wherein many
di,tinguished residents of the city are dp-
scribed. About 1805 Au:-:tin fongilt a duel
with James II. Elliott,-the result of it
newspaper controyersy,-and was slightly
wounded. His remarkable story, .. Peter
Rllgg, the :\Iissing
Ian," was contrihutcd
to the" Xew Engl::md Galaxy" (182-1-G), of
which he was then editor. lIe gained emi-
nence as a lawyer in Suffolk aIld )liddle,.:ex
eOllnties, Mass. In 1807 appeared ,.
\.n
Essay on the Human Character of Jesus
Christ," a volume of Unitarian, iews. Died,
Charlestown, )Iass., 27 June, 1841.
BACON, Delia, b. Tallmadge, Ohio, 2
Feb., 1811. Sister of I.1eonard Bacun. Pur-
sued the occupation of a teacher, andliyed
chiefly at Boston. Inaugurated the Shake-
speare-Bacon controwrsy in the o. .Atlantic
l\Ionthlv" for 18.")G. Followed this article
with .. Philosoph
T of the Plays of Shake-
8peare Unfolded" (1857). Died, Hartford,
Conn., 2 Sept., 18:)!).
BACON, Leonard, divine, b, Detroit,
l\Iich., 19 .Feb., 1802. Graduated at Yale.
Became pastor of a CongregatIOnal ehurch
in K ew Hayen. Conn., It!2;J, and was elected
professor of theology at Yale in 18G6. _\
hraYe and able controvel'sialist, h()th in sec-
tarian and religious matters.
\uthor of
"Thirteen IIistoricnl Discour,.:ps" (18:
m),
",slayerv Discu:-:8eil in Occa:-:ional E",savs"
(184G), "Chri:4ian Self-Culture" (18ti:l), ålll1
many addre:-:ses ana paJ:lphlets. Dietl, Xew
Haven, Conn.. 2-t. nec., 1881.
BACON, Nathaniel, colonist, b. Suffolk.
England, Hi47 (E(lw. Eggleston). Came to
Virginia, W78, and estalJlished a plantation
at the hearl of tide-water. .J ames Hiwr. Soon
became a member of
ir \Villiam Berkeley's
couneil. In Hii;), an Indian war being'in
progre:-:
, aJH1 the coloni,.:t:,; heing (li:-:plea
ed
with Governor Berkeley's innction, they
eho:-:c Bacon fiS their genei'al. hut the gOyel:-
nor l'efu:-.ed to commis
ion him, IIl'marchetl
against thc Jndian
, und w:lsde("lnred a rebel
early in WiG. lie then innu1f'(1 Jame:-:town
and ohtained his commÏs::;ion },," force from
the governor, amI the so-call ell ,. Bm'on's re-
hellion" en:-:ued. ..Ac('ounts of this ntfair arc
found in the" Aspinwall" and" Burwell"
papers, puùlishe<l hy the l\Ia:-:s. IIi:-:t. Sol'..
and in the manu
cript relation by "1', :\1..,
gi\'en in ,. For('e'
lIi8toricai Traets," Dic(t
prohaùl y near Gloucester ('. II., Ya., 1 ()l't.,
Hi'jli.
BACON, Theodore, lawyer, L. Xew TIa-
Yen, Conn., ü )lay, 18:}-t.. Son of Leonard
Blicon. Graduatè(l at Yale. Has practi:"ed
law at Ho('hester,
. Y..
inee It1;)G, with the
exception of thrce years' seryiee in the L nion
army during the civil war. Has contributed
to the periodicals, and has written ,. Delia
Bacon. a Biographical Sketch" (1888).
BAGBY, George William, ":310:"es .Ad-
ams," b. Buckingham Co., Va., 1'1 .Aug.,
BAIRD-BARLO W.
4 _0")
I ..J
18
S. Graduated at the medical school of
thp unÏ\-er
itv of Pennsdnmia. Became a
juurnalist an!.l el1ited se,"eral \- irginia new,.;-
papers. 'Vas editor of the .. Southern Lit-
eran l\!essenger," 18.;!J-().;. Gained repu-
tatiòn ns a humorous lecturer and writer.
\\"as state librarian of Yirg-inia, 18.0-8. In
188-1: there appeared posthi:ullously ")liscel-
]aneous Writings of Dr. George \V. Bagby."
Died, Hichmond, Ya.. 29 Xov., 1883.
BAIRD, Henry Martyn, educator, b.
Philadelphia, Penn., 17 Jnn., l
a
, Gradu-
ated at the university of X ew York, where he
became professor of Greek in 1839. Author
of .. )Iodern Greece" (1856). and of a history
of the Huguenots in France. Two parts of
the latter com prise .. The Rise of the II ugue-
nots" (18ì9) and" The II uguenots and Hen-
ry of Xa,-arre" (18t)()). The third part will
complete the work with the revocation of
the Edict of X antes.
BAKER, George Augustus, lawyer, b.
Kew York, X, Yo. Aug., 1849. Graduated
at the college of X ew York, Has practised
his profession chiefly in that city. .Author
of a volume of poems. .. Point- Lnce and
Diamonds" (1
..;), anI 1 of .. :\Irs. Ilephaes-
tus. and Other Short Stories" (l
H.).
BAKER, William Mumford, clergy-
man, b. Washington, D. Co.
. JUl\('. 18
:;.
G l"IIlluated at Princeton. "0 a" pastor of
Presbyterian churehes in Texas, Ohio, and
:\lass:lchusetts. During the civil war. while
residing at Austin, he retainell his "Cnion
principles and wrote in the form of a novel
an account of his experiences. published as
.. Inside: a Chronicle of
('es
ion .. (1I'!fi(j).
Other hooks were" The Kew Timothv"
(18.0) and "His 1\Iajesty )Iyself" (tH.!)).
Died, South no
ton, )las..:..
O .Au
.. IHH:
.
BALDWIN, Joseph G., jurist, b. Sum-
ter, Ala., 11)-. \Va.; judge of the supreme
court of California from lH.;. to H
li:J. and
chief justice, }Fm:3-4.
\uthor of .. The
Flush Time
of _\labama mill )Iississippi ..
(1
.;:J) an<<l .. Party Lp1\11ers ., (1H,')-I:). DlCd,
I"an Francisco. Cal.. 30 Sept.. mü4.
BALLOU, Hosea, clergyman. b. Rich-
11l0wI, X. 11.,:30 April, l.ìl. The son of a
Baptist clergyman, he ellucate<<l himself,
and hpcame pasto!' of a e niYersali
t ehllrch
in 1'jf)-t. After several clwnges. he wus per-
manenth' sett 11'11 O\-er the spcon<<l {
ni ver
al-
ist sociptv of Boston in 1817. Ill' founded
the .. L'niversalist )[aguzine" and the
" "C niversalist Ex positor:' Chipf flInong
his works arc "X otes on the Parahle,,"
(lR04) ant! ..
\ Treati:'C on the .Atonemf'nt"
(180-1:). Died. Boston, )[as
., 'j June. 1H.;2.
BANCROFT, George, b. \Yorce
ter,
::\Iass., 3 Oct.., 1HOO. Graduated nt Uarnml.
Continuetl his stuùies in Germany, graduat-
ing in 1
20 at the un1ver
ity of Göttingen.
Bnjoyell intimaf"Y with Goethe and with
other eminent German writers. Deciùed
upon writing history as the muin work of his-
life. \Yas tutorof Greek at llanaI'll, m2
-3,
al1lI in 1823 e
tablished a collegiate :,:cho01
at Xorthampton, 1\lass. "-as elet'ted to the
l\Ias
a('husetts legislature in IH:JO. but de-
clined to
erve. Issued the first '-olume of
his" lIistorv of the L nitI'll
tates" in It<:
-L
"-us collpctòl' of the port of Bo
ton from
183
to IH41. and in 1
-!.J recei,-ed from
President Polk the appointment of secretary
of the na,-y. .As secretary he planned anll
established the naval al'udemy atAnnapoli
.
and bsued the orders by which California
was annexed to the rñited :::;tates. \\'as
U. S. minbter to Great Britain. 18-!ü-9, to
Russia in l
ü7, to the Korth German confed-
eration in l!:!ü
, and to the German empire,
1
'i1--!. Ill' was gi,"en tlw degree of D. C. L.
bv Oxford in 1
-I:9, and was enrolled as
member of many European learned societies.
The final edition of ., The History of the
l
nited States of America ., wns pliblished,
1884-5. Other works are an oration on An-
drew .Jackson (I H 4.3), "The Kecessity, the
Healit
, aIlll the Promise of the Progress of
the Human Race" (IH.;4I, .. Literury and
Historical ::\Ii:'Cellanies" (18.;.")), .. ::\Iemorial
Address before both Houses of Conp'e:,:s on
Abraham Lincoln" (It.:l:U), and " .A Plea for
the Constitution of the to nitI'll States of
Amcriea. 'Y ounded in the House of its
GuanIian" ., (lHHfi).
BANCROFT, Hubert Howe, h. (.
rnn-
yille, 0.. .; )l:1 v, H
:
2. HenHI\'ell from Buf-
falo, X_ Y., wliere he hall heen elllployed in
his hrother's book-store, to ('alilornia in
1
.32. anll four veal'S lah..r(.
tuhlished a book-
selling mHll'llhlishing hou
e at San Fran-
ci
co.
\.bout the sUllie tinw hc hegan to
sl'a1'ch for awl cIJlll'ct b()ok
awl numu
cripts
relating to the history of that portiun of
Xorth
\.)J\eriC'1t which is west of the ROl'kv
mountains. The collection numbers aUOlit
fifty thousand volumes, and has been plaC'ed
in a fire-proof huilding. )lan
of the mun-
usC'ripts arl' narrati,-es taken down fmm the
lips of early resiùents of Californiu. In 1:-;1j!)
)11'. RaneroftllPgan thetllfok of Ü..leÅinghi"
lihrary nIlll of sdl'cting- anù
etting- in order
the materialsfOl" his .. IIi
ton of the PlIl'ifie
Statl's." This w(lrk is cOII'l;If.te in t hÍl.t
..-
nine volumes, mo
t of whieh had hl'en pub-
lished before 1
!lo. In the pn'parution oi
the tpxt, the preliminary labors wen- per-
formed hy as
i
tants, )11'. Bancroft revising
and editing the whole, nnd himself writing-
the portions of greatest signifiC'nnf'e.
BARLOW, Joel, diplomatist. b. Rf'tl-
ding, Conn., 24 )lar.. 17.34. (TOIltl's Riog.)
Son of It farmer. Grmluated nt Yale. Sel'\""ell
in the Continental armv while an under-
graduate, Delivered at the commencement
exercises of hi
elass a poem entitled .. The
Pro
ped of Peace" (1ìì
). \Vas a chaplain
in the army, 1780-3. Afterwarù stm1il'ù
BAR
\rARD-B.ATES.
474
law. amI wa
tH1mitted to the bar at Hart-
ford. Conn.. in 1 i86. While in that city hl'
f01mded a weekl
' new
puper, "The
\.IIleri-
can )[ercu1"\"." awl was a
:::ociatea with the
.. Hurtfurd' \\ïts" in the production of
.. The Anarchiad:' The publication (If his
q>ic poem, "The Yision (If ('ulumbus"
(I .
j'), brou
ht him reputation. and ob-
tamed for him the agency in Europe of the
:-;cioto lanù ('ompany for the sale of its rig-hts
in American gu'"ernment lands. The com-
pany prO\-il1g a swindle, Barlow re
igncd
his agellc
' aud interested him
elf in the
Frelleh Girondi
t mO\"ement. He also
bu,..ied him:::elf in English polities, and his
..
\.lhiee to the Privilegc'I Orders" (I.!)I)
wns proscribed by the British
O\-ernment.
In 1.9a he was defeatpd as a eaudidate fur
deputy from
a\"oy, France, awl the same
year compo:<ed hi.; well-known puem, "The
Hasty PU(ldin
'" \Y as Co S. consul at Al-
giers, 1.9;:)-7, and performed valuable ser-
yice
in the liberntion of American prisoners
and in negotiating treaties with the Barbary
powers. From 1 iÐ7 until 180;-; he liwd at
Puris. Heturneù to _\.merica in 1t!O;;, and
built himself a han(lsome house at \Yash-
ing-ton, re
iding there until his nppointment
R!" U. S. minister to Prance in 1811. In \"ited
to a couference with l\apoleon at \Vilna, lie
became im'oh-ed in the latter's retrpat from
1\loscow, and died of exhaustion at till ob-
scure yillage in Poland. His <'arly poem,
.. The Yision of Columbus." was amended
and published with extensive additions as
.. The Columbiad .. in 1807, Died, near Cra-
cow. Poland, 2-! Dec., 1812.
BARNARD, Charles, dramatist. b. Bos-
ton, :\Iass.. 13 Feb., 18:18. Engaged in bu:::i-
ness in that dty alHI afterward becamc a
journalist. .l\Iore recently devoted himself
to dramatic writing. A resident of Stam-
ford. Conn. Author of" The Countv Fair"
(1888), besides se,-eral plays written in col-
laboration with others. Has written a num-
ber of hooks on gardening; abo, ., The
Tone .l\la:-;ters" (18i1) anù "Knights of To-
day" (1881).
BARNARD, Frederick Augustus Por-
ter, educator, b.
heffield, )Iass., 5 )Iav,
1809. Graduated at Yale. Was a professòr
in the uniyersity of Alabama, 18:3.-:)4.
Took orders in the Protestant Episcopal
church, 1
;-;4. Became president of Colum-
bia college in 18M, re
igning in 1888.
Publbhpl1 ., I.1etter::; on Collegiate Goyern-
ment "(1
:;.)), .. Hi::;tory of the IT nited t5tates
Coast Survey ., (1
.)7), .. Recent Progr(>ss in
Science " (1
fm). and" The Metric Svstem .,
(1811). Died. Xew York, X. Y., 27 April.
1
!J.
BARR, Amelia Edith [Huddleston], b.
rh"erton, Lancashire, England, 29 .l\1ar.,
18:.J1. Recei,-ed her education at the Glas-
gow high
chool. \Vas married to Hobert
Barr, the son of a Scotch ('lergyman, in 18:;0,
and came to .America with lìiÌn in 18.34, n'-
siding at Austin and Gah-eston, Tex., until
the death of her husbalHI and sons bv yellow
fen'r in 18ü'j. In 18ü9 she remove<Ì to Xcw
Yurk dtv, and has since lived there alHl at
Cornwali-on-the-IImlson. In 18il she hegan
eontributing to magazines and periodil'ak
Author of many noveI:-. fllnong ot hprs .. Ho-
mance awl Ueality " (18i2). .. Jan Y f'd(ll'r's
Wife '. (18";;-;). .. _\. Bow of Orange Hi\'\'on "
(1
86), mHI ,. Hemember the .Alamo" (1888).
BARRON, Elwyn Alfred, journalist,
b. .Kashyille, Tenn.. ü :\lar., 18.);). Gradu-
ated nt Rohert eollege. then at Lookout
:\Iountain, lIas bel'1l editorial writer mlll
dramatic critic on the Chicag-o "Inter-
Ocean" sinf'e 1t:!.9. Author of .. The \ï-
king, " a hlank- verse drama (1.888 1 . Se,-eml
of his plays have been aeted, among them
" A 1\1oral Crime" (188.')).
BARTOL, Cyrus Augustus, clergyman,
h. Freeport, :\le.. :;0
\.pril, 1813. Gradu-
ated at Bowduin.
tudied at the Harvard
divinity school. Became colleague pa
tor
of the West chureh (Pnitarian) of Boston,
1837, and pai"tor in 18,,1. Has Lwen promi-
n(>nt in sO(.ial reforms and as It philanthro-
pbt. Two of hi:; books are" Discour,.;cs on
the Christian Spirit allil Life" (18.")0) anù
" Undical Problems" (18n).
BARTRAM, William, botanist, h. Kmg-
sessing, Philadelphia ('0" Penn., 9 Feb.,
1.a9. Son of John Bartrnm, founder of the
fir:,;t botanieal garden in the r nited States.
As a young mun he established him8plf in
business in Xorth Carolina, but soon aban-
doned it to accompany his father in the lat-
ter's travels through Florida. rfhe son re-
mained in that 8t
te and re:::;ided for some
time on the St. John's river, engaged in the
cultimtion of indigo. Heturning to Phila-
delphia in 17.1, he devoted himsûlf entirely
to the stuùy of botany, During 17,3-8 he
was occu
ed with botanical explorations in
the Southern states, Ill' was a member of
several scientific societies, and malle many
discoveries in the botany of Xorth Ameriea.
He pnblbhed "Travels' throug-h North Hnd
South Carolina, Georgia, East anù \Vest
Plm'ida -, (1.91). Died, Kingsessing, Penn.,
22 .Juh", 182:3.
BASCOM, John, educlltOl', b. Genoa, Y.
y" 1 May, 1827. Graduated at \\ïllimns.
Became professor of rhetoric there, 18.35.
Was eleeted pre
ident of the unÌ\'ersity
of :\Iichig-an in 1874, :-;ening until 18t1..
Among h'i
books are "Politi
al Ee01lOmy"
(1859). .. Scienee, Philosophy, amI Religion"
(1871), "Philosophy of Englbh Literature"
(1874), "Xatural Theology" (1880), and
,. Problems in Philosophy" (18t'.ì).
BATES, Arlo, journali:4, L. East :;\luchi-
as,
Ie., lü Dec., 18:;0. Graduated at Bow-
doin.
\. resident of Boston, .Mass., since
BATES-BEECHER.
.175
187ô. E,lited. 1878-9. "The Broa(hdde," a
Ï\-il-
en-iee rpform paper, amI in 1ti
0 IJe-
eame editor of the Boston"
undav ('ouri-
C1.... Hi:; fir
t Look, .. Patty's Pervèr:;ities"
(1
ti1). appeared in the ., Hound Hobin
Sl'rie
. ,. It wa:-< followed by ., The Pagans"
(1,0..:84). ., _ \ Wheel of Fire" (18t1.}). ,. 13errie:-:
(If the Brier." poems (1886), "
onnets in
Shadow" (l!o(
Î), "A Lad's JJOYC" (1!:!
7),
and ., The Philistines " (1
t'9),
BATES, Charlotte Fiske, b. X ew York,
X. Y., ;JUXov.. 1ti;
!:!,
\fterthedeath in 1847
of her father, IIernT I3ates. rC':;ided at Cam-
hri(lge, l\[ass.. uutillt;b8, w}wn she remo\-ed
to X'cw York city, .A:;si:-te\l Longfellow in
ompiling his" Poems uf Places," making
sevC'ral tran:;lationsforthe work.
\uthor of
.. Ui
k. allli Uther Poems" (lH79), and C'ditor
of the I' ('amLl'itlge Book of Poetry" (1
R2).
Bates, Edward [Xofnl Saying: '-01.
'-II., page 1!J1]. lawyer. h. Goochland ('0"
Ya., 4 Sl'Pt.. 1,!I:3. Attol'lley-general of the
l-nitedState
. 1t161-4. Died, St. JJoub, .:\10.,
2," -:'lIar.. l
fi!l.
BATES, Elizabeth I Sears], edHeator, h.
Sorth
an Juan, CaI., 1
-. A resident of
San Francisco, and a teaeher in the public
8ehools of that city. Has eontrihute<ll'oetry
anel fiction to the perioùieals.
BATES, Harriet Leonora [Vase]," Elea-
nor Putnam." h. QuinéY, Ill" 30 July, 18.jU.
She was the wife of .Arlo Bates, who has ed-
ited and pulJli
hed a volume of her nrtides.
contribntetl to the "
\tlantic .:\lonthlr," as
., Old Salem" (1S8G), and more recently a
novel left in manuscript, "_\ 'YoodlåmI
Wooing" (188!)). Died. BOi':ton, )Ia
s.. 18
:Mar., IS8U.
BATES, Katharine Lee, edu('ntor, b.
Falmouth. :\lass..1 t1-. Gradnatedat Welles-
ley eollege, where ::;he became a
ociate pro-
fessOl' of Engli,h literature. Author of
"'rhe College Beautiful. and Other Poems"
(188ì), amI" Rose and Thorn," astory(I
!:!9).
BATES, Margret Holmes lErnsper-
ger], b. 'Fremont, 0., Ü Oct., 1t144.
\fter
teaching for several years in Ohio and Inùi-
ana, was married. 186:>, to Charles
\. Bates,
and became a resident of Inllianapolis, Jnd.
lIas written" .:\Ianitou .. (18R1) and "The
Chamber o\"er the Gate" (1
t1(J), hesides
shorter works of fiction in periodical
.
BAXTER, James Phinney, merchant,
b. Gorham, )Ip.. 23 .Mar., 11331. A son of
Elihu Baxter, -:'II. n.. of that place. A H1C-
cessful merchant and manufncturer, having
his home at Portlan<I, .:\Ie., to the public li-
brnry of whieh ('ity he prp
,>nte,l a haIHbome
building. Author of .. I.I)"ls of the Year"
(1884). and a contributor to colonial histori-
cal rC
l'ar('h.
BAYARD, James Asheton, statesman,
b.Philadelphia. Penn.. 21;.July, l'ìG7. Gra(l-
uated at the (.\)llC'ge of Xpw Jersev. Bf'gan
the pmetice of ]a
v at "Tilmingtoil. Del.
_\
member of the r. S, house of representa-
tives, l'ì9'ì-lt103, and of the U. S. senate,
1S04-13. He served upon the commission
which eompleted the treaty of peaC'e "ith
Great Britain at Ghent in m14. He was
tli
tingui:-hed as a ]awyer and politil"al ora-
tor, and was a leader ir: the Fellerali::;t lJarty.
Died, "ïlmingtlln, Dd., G Aug-. , 1815.
BAYLOR, Frances Courtenay, b. Fny-
dteville. Ark.. 20 Jan.. 1
-18, The daug-hter
of an army ûfliéC'r, and descpndpd from an
old Yirginia fmnily. nsited Europe after
the ci\-il WaI' and again in 187'3. He:;ided
néar \Yinehe:-:ter, \' a.. after 1
7G. Author
of " On Buth Side:-:. ., an international novel
(1t1
(i), and "B"himl the Blue Uiùge: a
IIon)('ly XarratÏ\-e" (18
ì).
Bee, Bernard E, [....Yo/eel !:Ja!ll?lg: Yol.
YTI., page lU;J]. L. Charleston, S. C., about
18
a, St.ned ns Lrigadier-Jreneral in the
Confederate arm \'. awl wa:- kllled at the hat-
tle of Bull Run, 21 .Jul\", ISfil.
BEECHER, Henry Ward, derg
"man,
ù. Litchfie]d, ('onll.. 24 .Junc, 181:J. Son of
Lvman Ikeeh('l'. Gradunted nt .Amherst.
iudied (hdnity at the Lane thcologiéal
:;eminarv, Cineinnati, of "hich his father
wns president, Pr('ached fir
t at Lawrence-
Inu'Jr, Ind., and afterward nt Indianapolis
until 1847, when he wus éullcd to thp pasto-
rate of the newly-forme.! Plymouth ('ongre-
gationalehurehut Brooklyn. X. Y. This po-
:5ition he fillf'<l for the remainder of his ]ife,
and his oratorical powers gnined him such
reputntion thn this congTPgation beemne and
continued to ùe one of the largest in the eoun-
try. In 18G:3 he visited England and deliv-
('rell a series of effe('ti ve addresses in IJehalf
of the Cnion cause. Thef:e were published
at the 1 ime and ha ye ::;inee been collecte(l
in a yolume, with other spec('hes and ser-
mons on t he war, as "Patriotic Addresses"
(1887). His sermons were stenographieally
repol'ted after 18.}!) nnd printed weekly as
"Plymouth Pulpit." \Vas one of the "first
eontrihutors 10 the" Imiependent" aud its
editor for a time. In 1t17û ],eeame editor of
the" Christian G nion." I Ie was in eonstant
demand as a lecturer and p]atform speaker.
ome of his numerous hooks al'e "Lectures
to Young :\Ien" (1
44). "Star Papers"
(18:>:>-
). "Eyes and Enrs" (1::<fi4). "X or-
wooll." a novel (1
6j), .. Life of .J esus the
Christ: Enrlier Scenes" (tH70. "Y all' Led-
nres on Preaching" (1
Î
-4). and ,. Evolu-
tion and Religion "(188:>). Died. Brooklvn,
N. Y.. R -:'11111'. 1,"H7. .
BEECHER, Lyman,e]erJrymun. h.1\"ew
Haven, Conn., 12 Vet., 177,3. lrr:uluuted nt
Yale, where he also
tllùied theolog-y under
Timothy Dwight. Preached at .East Hamp-
ton, L. I., from 17f11'3 until 1810, "hen he
becamf' p:lstor of the l 'ongregational church
at Htchfield, Conn. "Tldle lit Litehfield he
was prominent in the organizntion of the
476
BEERS-BE.KJAJfL..Y.
Bihle. et1ue:ltiOlwl. and mis
ionnry societies.
1 n 182ö he \\ as eaIled to tlw pnstoÌ'nte of the
Hanover street ehurch in Bo:;ton. Six Years
later he assume(l the presitleney of the I.Jane
theologicnl scminary at Cineillnati, holding
thi:; po,.;ition until 18,)
. The rpmainder of
his life wa:,: pas:,:etl in retirement at Bl'Oold.vn,
X. Y. Of hi:; numerous theological writings
the be:,:t known arc ('oIlection
of sermuns on
"Temperance" and ,. Political .Atheism."
He supenised the pnlJlication of his
"\Y orks" (1832-3). and hi:; .. .Autobiogra-
phy and Correspondence" (18G-1) was edited
by Charle
Beecher. Died, Brooklyn, X. Y.,
10 Jan., 18ö3.
BEERS, Ethelinda [Elliott], "Ethel
Lynn Beers," b. Goshen, N. Y., 13 Jan.,
1
2'ì. The authorship of her most notetl
poem, "All Quiet nlong the Potomac."
which appearetl in " Harper's \Yeekly" for
18G1, was falsely claimed by several per-
sons. "All Quiet along the Potomac, amI
Other Poems ., was published in 18.9. Died,
Orange, .K. J., 10 Oct., 1
i9.
BEERS, Henry Augustin, educator, b.
Buffi:tlO, X. Y., 2 July, 1847. Graduated at
Yale. where. after several years' serYÏce as
tutor, he became assistant p'rofes:,:or of Eng-
lish in 18i5, and full professor in 1
80. .Au-
thor of two books of POPIllS-" Odds amI
Enùs" (1878) and .. The Thankless 1\Iuse "
(188:))-and of "A Century of American
Literature" (18i8), ., Ufe of N. P. Willis"
(188.3), and "Outline Sketches of English
and American Literature " (188G-7).
BELI{NAP,Jeremy,clergyman, b. Bos-
ton, )1Rss., 4June, 1i-14. Gradnatetl at I1ar-
yard. Entered the ministry. and preached
at Do,'er, X. II., 1.6.-8.. He then bccame
pa40r of the Federal sh'cet chur('h in Bos-
ton, retaining the connection until his deat h,
Began his histot"Ícal studies soon after ]!Í-.;
settlement in XC'\\" Hampshire, making spe-
cial studies of matters relating tu that state.
IIi., .. History of K ew Hampshire" (1 il-!-!-
91) is much valuetl a., an Ruthority. Found.
ea the 3Iassachusetts historical :,:oeÏetv in
1;1 1 0, alltl on 2:3 Oct., li9;?, deli,-ered a'dis-
conrse hefore it eommemoruth-e of the three
hUll(h:C"lth annh-ersaryof the ùiscon.ry of
Amenca. .Author of "The Fon.stet.s, an
American Talc" (1792), " American Biogra-
phies" (179
), and :-ewral sermons awl
theological works. Died, Boston, .:\1ass.,
20 June, 1.US.
BELLAMY, Edward, b. Chicopee
Falls, 3Iass" 2G Mar., 1
:)0. Stuùied at
Union college and in Gcrman
-. Was ad-
mitted to the bar, 18ì1. Engaged in journal-
i.,tic work on the X ew York "E,-ening'
Post," alltl from 18ì2 to 11-!iG was assistant
eùitor of the Spring-fielù, 31ass., "Union."
Subsequently resided at his birthplace,
mainly occupietl with literary work. IIis
novels arc" Six to One, a Xantucket Id)-!"
(18'ì'ì), "Dr. ITeillt'nhoffs Process" (lSi!J),
"
[iss LUllington'
Sistpr" (1884), Hwl
.. Looking Backward" (18
). "IJooking
Backward," a 5tu(
." in soeialism, gained an
enormous stle at home mill abroad, and
cau:,:ed till' fO\Jlllling of .. Xationali
t " clubs
throughout the G nited States.
BELLAMY, Joseph, clergyman, h.
Cheshit'e. Conn.. ] î19. GnH1uated at Ya!p.
Preached at. Bdhkhcm, Conn., from 1 ì40
until his tleath. EstablIshed there R divinity
school, and became notC'd as an instructor
of theological students. Hi" numerous pub-
lished writings Wére collected int.o three vol-
umes of "Works" in 1811. Died, Bethle-
}wm, Conn.. G :\1ar.. 1.90.
BELLA W, Americus Wellington, b.
Troy, 0., 17 Mar., 1842. Began his perma-
nent. re:,:iùence at Sidney, U., 1 t-;G i. Con-
tributed humorous work.' under the pseudo-
nyms ,. \Vashington \Yhitehorn" and" Joe
Jot," to the X ew Y 0rk ,. Saturday J onrna! "
for many yenrs. A writ('l' of \""erse for the
leading- mngnzines nnd npwspnper
.
BELLOWS, Henry Whitney, clcrg-y-
man, b. Bo
ton. 3[ass.. 11 June, 181...!,
Graùuated at llarvard, Pa...:tor of a Luita-
rian church in Sew York city irom 1
;39
until his death. \Yas a fouÎ1ller of the
" Christian Inquirer:' During the c-Í\-il war
was president of the r. S. sanitary commis-
:,;ion. The most notable of hi" lectures anù
adtlresses was "The RclRtion of Public
Amusements to Puhlic 31orality" (It\J'ì).
Dietl. Xew York, X. Y., 30 ,Tan., 1882.
BENEDICT, Frank Lee, h.
\le
m}(ler,
GenesC'e Co.. X. Yo. üJuh-, l:;;J.J. Heceiwd
his etlueation from priy;ite tutors, and de-
voted himself almo:,:t entirely to literary
work. Passed much of his life in
urope.
)1ore recently resitled ill X ew York city and
in Philadelphia. Somt' of his many uO\-els
are" 3Iy Daughter Elinor" (18GÐ), ., )[bs
Yan Kortl:md .. (18;0), .. St. Simon's Xiece"
(1t\;G), awl" Thc Price She Paid ., (11;81).
BENEZET, Anthony, philnuthmpi:,:t,
h. 8t. Quentin's. France, ;31 Jan.. 1i13.
His family were I1ugnenût
, amI. settling in
PhiladC'lphia, became Quaker:,. Benezet
took a position as teacher in that city and
remained in similar employment for the
rC'st of his life. Devoted much of his time
to charitable pursuits, anù gained promi-
nence as an opponent of :,:la'ery. Author
of sewral :mti-:,:layery pamphlets, one of
which was ".A Caution awl \Yarning to
Great Britain and lIpr Colonies" (17GG;
IJonùon, 1 i(ii). Died, Philadelphia, Penn.,
3 )1a ", ] 'ìH-1.
BENJ AMIN, Park, journalist, b. Dem-
amra, British Huiana. 14 Aug., 1809,
Gratluated at Trinity, Edited the "
ew
Eng!and Magazine,''' 18:35-7. and in 1837
tran
ferred it to New York city as the
., American )1onthly .:\I:tgazine." _\.ssisted
BE_VJAML.V -BEVERL.r:
477
Greeley in the "Xew Yorker:' In 1840
establi;hetl the" Xew \Y orId." and was con-
neetetl \\ith other journalistic yentures in
yarioHs state
. \\"rote many poems anù de-
li'''ered leetures. hut they were not pub-
lishedcollectirely. Died. XewYork, N. Y.,
12 Sept.. l
fj-t
BENJ AMIN, Samuel Greene Wheeler,
h.
\rgos, Greece. 13 Feb.. 18:37. Gradunted
Rt Williams, \Ya
for some ,-ears assistant
librarian at the Albam" statè librarv. An
extensive writer on ait. being him:-.:elf nn
.artist as well as an author. Ìlas travelled
widely in Europe amI the East. Was np-
pointed l7. S. minister to Persia, 181':
, re-
signing inI8
,). ::;ollle of his many published
works are "Constantinople, I -.:le of Pearls,
Rnd Other Poems ,. (ISHII), ., The Choiee of
Pads, a RomanC'e of the Tron<l" (1870),
,. What is Art?" (1S77), ,. Contemporary
Art in Europe" (18.7), and" Per:siaand the
Per
ians .. (H,81J).
BENSEL, James Berry, b. Xew York,
K. Y., 2
\ug., 18.")G. Resided chiefly at
Lynn,3Iass. His life was a painful struggle
with povelty and disea8e. Author of " King
Cophetua's 'Vife," a nowl (18S:
), and .. In
the King's Garden. aIllI Other Poems"
(18S:J). Died, Kew York, X. Y., 3 Feb.,
18S6.
BENTON, Joel, h. Amenia, Dutches,.:
Co., X. Y., 2!J 3Iay, 18:32. Attended school
in his nati'''e J;.lace, and for a while edited
the Amenia " Times." His life has }){'en de-
voted to literary an<l philosophical stu<lies.
which have resulted in numerous contribu-
tions to magazines, etc. In 18tJ3 he published
" Emer:-.on as a Poet."
BENTON, Thomas Hart, statesman, h.
near Ifillshorough, K C.. 14 :\Iar., liS:2.
tllllied for a time at the uniwrsitv of
(}rth
Carolina. In 1810 ('emowll to the' icinity
()f Xashville, Tenn., nt which place he was
mlmitted to the bar. 'Vas aille to Genf'ml
Jackson in the war of 1812. E,.;tahli
hetl a.
new
paper ut St. Louis.
Io., 181."). awl for
his efforts in behalf of the mlmissioIl of that
f:tate to tLe r nion wa
lIuulf' C.
. I'1cnator in
18
1, holding office for thirty years. He be-
came noted as an alh-oC'ate of measures look-
ing toward the opening of the \Yest, and ns
an opponent of ('alhoun and nullification.
IIis exertions in behalf of goltl and sil,-er
coinage :.rained him the name of .. Old Bull-
ion." Opposition to tllivuneed sla,-ery leg-is-
lation and the
Ii
sollri eomprombe finally
lost him his scat in the Sf'nate. J I e afterward
served one tel"ln as C.
. l"epresent:tti,e.
PuLli
heli ., Thirtv Years' Yiew" (18.H-fi),
R, recortl of e'-ents iluring his stay in the !'f'n-
ate, anll prcpared an ahridgment of the de-
lmtcsofcongl'ess. Died,'Vashington, D. C.,
10 .c\ pril. 1
.ì8.
BERKE LEY, Geor
e, hishop of (.. 'loyne.
L. KilkeIlny. Ireland, 12 3Iar.. 1G8-!. Gradu-
at cd at Trinity college, Duhlin. Becnme a
clergyman of the Chureh of England. and
was Illude dean of Derrv in 17:24. Soon af-
ter, he issued proposals' for founding a col-
lege at the Bermuda islan<ls, to educate
clergnnen for the American colonies. He
ohtained the promise of a grant of .t20,OOO
for this projpet from the English govern-
ment. anù sailed for Xewport. H. I., arriv-
ing. Jan., 1729. There he purchnsetl a farm,
and settled down to carry out his plans, hut
learning that the prqmised money would not
be given, he returned to Englnnd, 1.:11,
'Vas appointed bishop of C'loyne t\\ 0 years
later. During his stay in
\meriea he '\Tote
what is perhaps his most noted eontribution
to theological and philosophical literature,
".A.lciphron, or the :\Iinute Philosopher"
(17:t2). An edition of his" Life and Works"
(1871) hns been puhlished in England.
Bishop Berkeley made valuable presents of
books and land to Yale nnd other Anll'riean
colleges. From 17,')2 until his death he lh'ed
in retirement at Oxfon!. Dieù. Oxford, Eng-
lund, 14 Jnn., 1753.
BERKELEY, Sir William, h. near Lon-
don, England, nhout 1610. Graduated at
Oxford. After !'tome experience in eolonial
math'rs he was appointed governor of Yir-
ginia by Charles I. in 1G41, nnd came to
America, 11)42, TIe held his position for the
royalist party until the puritan parliament
sent a fleet a
ain!'t him in 1651, when he Was
eompelled to resign. 'Vas reappointed at
the restoration, nnd governed the colony
with suceess until the so-called "I
acon's
rebellion" in 167.3-6. Having finally suc-
ceeded in crushing this, and ha Ùng executeù
n uum})(>r of its leatlers, he returned to Eng-
land. Accounts of this ßffair, with Berke-
ley's proelamation, arc fountl in the ,. As-
pinwall .. nwl "Burwell" papers, published
bv the 3Iass. I1ist. 80e., and in the manu-
sèript relation hy "T. :\1.," given in
"Force's llistoricnl Traets:' Died, Twick-
cnham. EnglnIlll. 1a J ulv, 1ü77.
BETHUNE, George Washington,
clergyman, h. KewYl'rk, K. Y.,
[ar.. 180.3.
Graduatecl at Dickinson college, Carlisle,
Penn. Entered the I>UtC'Ìl Reformed minis-
try, ultimately settling in Brooklyn, K. Y.
Hesigned on reeount of ill health in IF',")!).
Published "'tJays of Lo,-e llIuI Faith"
(11-14
). .. OratiOIÎs nnd Diseour:-es" (l
.")ú).
ana" The Fruit of the Spirit," besides mis-
cellaneous C'ontributions in the relig-ious
press. Diell. Florence. Italy, 27
\pr., IH(i2.
BEVERLY, Robert, h. Yirg-inin. IIhout
Hi.O. _\ son of .Major Hobert Henrly, who
emigTat(>(1 to Yirginin frum Yorkshire, Eng-
land. about HiliO. settletl in :\1 ilhlle:-ex
(,oullty. and be('amc derk of the Yirginia.
lwuseoflmr
f's
e-.:. TIH' :0;011 reel'Í '''cd hisedll-
ention in EJìdnnd. lip resided fit " Bewrh-
Park." in King- ana lJUèl'Il eoullty. nnll "lis
4,8
BIDDLE-BLEECKER.
clerk of thc Yirginia council in Hmì. and a
member of the house of lmrgesse", Imm-lìOO.
0, The I1istorv nnd Present
tatc of Yir-
ginia. " the first authoritatin! hi40ryof the
colony, was puhlished at I.1olll1un in 180."),
Died, \
irginia. ahout 1 ÎH,) (H.
\. Brock).
BIDDLE, Nicholas, financif'r, h. Phila-
delphia, Penn"
.Jan., 1 Îl;fi. Gl"/lIllUltell at
the college of Xew Jerl'ey. After hoilling
sewml minor diplomatil' posItions in Eu-
rope, was a nlf'lllher of the Pcnnsylnmia
legislnture fOl' two terms. Bl'cnme a director
of the U. :0;. hank. 1819. anll was its presi-
dent, 18
;3-;3G. Besille!:i his financial nnù
legal puhlications, he edited the Philatlel-
phia " Port Folio," 180G-23. Died, Phila-
delphin. Penn., 27 Feh., 18H.
BIGELOW, John, journalist, b. 1\lal-
den-on-the-Hudson, X. Y., 2,") Kov.. 1817.
Graduated nt Cnion mllege. Practised law
at K ew York city for ten yearl'. nIllI after
several journali:-.tic connections became in
18.W joint owner of the :New York" Even-
ing Post." with \VilIiam f'ullf'n Bryant, IInII
was its mallnging editor until 18Gl. In the
latter year he was made U. S. conl'ul at
Paris. '\Vas U. S. minister to Frnncf-, 18G5-
7, nnt! l'ccretnry of state for X ew York,
18GÎ-8. Having founel the origInal manu-
I'cript of Frnnklin's autobiogmphy while in
France, he edited it for publication in 18G8.
Afterward eùited " The Complcte \V orks of
Benjamin Franklin" (1888); also, "The
\Vritingsand Speeches of ::-;amuel J. Tilden"
(1883). Among his original works are" I.1es
Ettlts-C nil' d'..Amérique en 18GB" and" Life
of William Cullen Brmnt ,. (1
!)O).
BIGELOW, Pouitney, lawyer, b. New
York. N. Y., 10 Sept., IS,'),'). Son of John
Big-ploW". Graduated at Yale and studied in
liennam'. \Vas for some time editor of
"Outing." A writer for the magazines, and
author of "The German Emperor" (1t:!
9).
BIGLOW, William, educator, b. Katick,
1\Iass" 22 Sept., 17ì3. Graduatell at IIar-
vnrd. Taught school at Salem, l\Iass., and
Wal' afterwarll heaù master of the Boston
Latin l'chool. Contributell freelv to the
l'eriodieals of the day, particulnri y metri-
eal compositions. Published a 0, IIistory of
Natick" (1830) and l'en'ral other hooks,
Vied. Boston, l\Ias:o;.. 12.Jnn.. 1:-114.
BIRD, Robert Montgomery, b. Xew
('astle, Del..;) Feb., l
O,) (p.l\l. Bird). Wrote
thn'e tragedip,;;, of whie]} .. ThL Gladiator ,.
was frequently playell by Forrest and con-
tinues to hold the sl age. PuhIi:<hed 0, Cal-
a var" (l
:
-1), ,0 The Infidel ., (lH:
;;), "Shep-
pard Lee" (18aü). "Xick of the 'Vooùs"
(lH;3ì), ,0 Rohin Day" (183!J), and other
IW\'ck \Vas editor anll part owner of the
Philadl'lphia 0, Korth American Gazette."
Di('(l, Philadelphia, Penn..
.Jan., 1
3-1.
BISHOP, Mary Catherine, h. Carro11-
ton, lll., 18-. Early remoycd to California,
and made her home at Belmont.
\ I'ontrib-
utor of POl'ÌJ'y all(l fietion to the pel'iodieals.
BISHOP, William Henry, b. Hartford,
Conn., 7 Jan., 18-17, Graduated at Yale,
tudiell architeC'ture at
ew York cit\" anù
I'assl'd !<ome tillle ill the gO\"emlllellt ill'ehi-
tf'ct's oí1ic'e at 'Va
hingtun. Afterward eù-
itea n paper nt .:\lilwm
kee. \Vi:".. returning
to Xew York eity in 18ì"7, where he resÍlled
ulltill
SS. III the latter year \-isitell Europe
fOl' an extelldell staL I1is fir
t ston-. .. One
of the Thirty Piece
." appeare.I ill t"he .,
\t-
lantie l\Ionthly" for ISìü. II is books are
,. Detmolcl, a Homance" (If'r;!J), ., The
House of a Merchant Prince" (1S8?'), "Choy
Susan. and Other :Stories" (It.<I-'-!), 0, Old
lexico and her Lo!<t Prodncei''' (1&3-1),
"The (
olden J ul'tice " (188ü). anù .. The
Brown :stone Boy" (1888).
Black Hawk, or .1Uakrt!a('}ui,'{hkiakiak
[Notf'd t)(/.lJing: Vol. XI., page4,")OJ, b, Ka
-
kaskia, Ill., 1 ÎG7. A leading chief of the
Sac and Fox triLes of T ndiuns. Sen'ed with
the British army in the war of 1812, and car-
ried on a eam}laign again:,t the e. S, forces
in 1
1-2. Vied on the Des :\Ioines river, 3
Oct., 18:
.
BLAINE, James Gillespie, statesmllIl,
b. West Brownsville, Penn., 31 Jan.. 1830.
Graduated nt \Va
hington eollege, Penn.,
and taught in institutions at Blue Lick
pring
, Ky" awl Philadelphia. Subse-
quently e(litell paper
at Kelllll'Lec and
Portland, 1\11.:'., until hi
eleetion to the )Iaine
legblature ill 18::>8. \\- as l".
, representa-
tive from ::\laine, 18ti
-'ì(j, and was in 1
7(j
appointetl Ly the' gO\ emor of that state to
fill an unexpirecl term in the e. S. senate,
being elected his own
uc("e:,!<or shortly after.
"-al' appointed :-:ecretary of state by Presi-
dent Garfil'ld in l
til, awl by President
Harrison in 1889. \Yas the unsucces:<ful
caudidate of the Hl'}luLliean party for the
presidency in 1
S4. Author of .. Twenty
ï ears of Congress" (ltll".t-m.
BLEDSOE, Albert Tay lor, erlucator. b.
Frunkfort, Ky., tlXov.. 180tl. Grnduatedat
the G. S. .l\lilï"tary aendf'my. Wus professor
of mathemntics at se\"Crnl Southern l'ol1eges,
and ehief of the war }mreuu in the Confed-
erate governnwnt. Author of " ,,- as Seces-
sion a Conl'titut ional Hight previous to the
War of 18Gl i''' (1S(jG), and a contributor to.
Daviù Christy's" Cotton i
King" (1860).
DicI!. AlexalHlria, Va., 8 Dee.. lti77.
BLEECKER, Ann Eliza [Schuyler], b.
Kew York. X. Y., Oet., 1 ì3
. Danghter of
Brandt Schuyler of that city. \Yas marriell
in 17G!J to John J. BlC'ecker, IlIld re
illed at
Tomhannoek <sometimes written 'l'omhan-
iek), Ileal' .\J\'an\'. X. Y.. with a few inter-
ruptiolls until he'r Ileath. Home of her poems
were puhlished in the early numbers of the
"XC'\\' York :\Iagazine:' In 1,1.1;3 nppeare,l
"The Posthumous \V orks of
\nn Eliza
BLOHDb"'-BOW]{1!.'R.
Bleecker," ed.ited by her daughter. Died,
Tomhannock, X. Y.. 2:
Xm"., 178:1.
BLOEDE, Gertrude, .. :-;tuart
terne."
b. Dresden, (iermany, 10 Aug", U:\43.
VauO'hter of Dl'. Gu
'tanl;; Bloëlle, with
WhO
l ;he ('ame to the l
nited State::, in1S:-)0.
lIa:; re
ide<l at Brooklnl. X. Y., since 18tH,
where she has gi\-en Üistruction in German.
lIas written fOl' the magazines. and is the
author of "Poems" (1S.4), ,. Giorgio, awl
Other Poems ,. (1881), and ,. Beyowl the
Shllllow .. (1t!
).
BLOOD, Henry Ames, b. Ti'mple, X.
II.. 7 June, 1t!ú8. Gr
lIluated at Dartmouth.
\.ftl>r teaching" for u few year
. accepte(l fIo
permanent situation in the department of
state at \Yashington.
\. contrihutor of verse
to the periollicab. and author of several un-
published drmnas.
BOKER, George Henry, diplomatist,
b. Philadelphia, Pelln.. üOeL., 1132:J. Gradu-
ated at Pl'inceton, awl studie(l for the law,
but did not enter the pl'ofession. Travl'lled
in Europe awl on his return published" The
Lesson of Life. a11l1 Other Poems" (184ì).
In 1848 appeared ., Calaynos." a tragedy.
which wa:; aete(l with su('cess in )larch.
lRi9, at ð.llllers's \Vells Theatre in London.
Subsequent dmmas. bolh tragellie" and
comedies, that have been published an,l pro-
duced on the stat;'e are .. Anne Boleyn."
.. The Betrothal, ,. "Leonor de Guzman."
.. All the \Yorhl a )Iask," aUll .. Francesca
da Rimini." These wer(' collected in " Plays
and Poems" (1
.')(j). "Poems of the \Var"
(11364) containi'll some of the most noted lyr-
ical efforts of the civil wal'. and augmented
the effect of :\Ir. Boker's work at that time
as secretury of the Philadelphia Cnion
League. lIe afterwarll hecame pre
Ïtlent of
this organization. Ot her hooks are" Konigs-
mark. the Legend of t}w Hounds. and Other
Poems" (ISßf)). .. The Book of the Dead"
(18t\2). ana "
onnets" (l:-<
Ii). In 18îl he
WIlS appointell hy Pre"ident Grant ministf'r
to Constantinople, anll in 18.5 minister to
Uussia. resigning in 1879. Diefl, Philadel-
phia. Penn.. 2 Jan.. 1SH\).
BONER, John Henry, h. Halem.
. C'..
31 Jan., 1
4:). l{ef'eivell an :lea(lemic etlu-
cation, anll, learning the printer's trade,
eclited papPI'" in Salem aIHI.\
heville, X. ('.
Was chief clprk of the X. C. hml"i' of rep-
ref'entath"es, IS(j!)- 70. In 18;1 entered the
civil s('l'\"iee at Wa
hington. Hemm-ed to
X('w York citv in 18H7. :tIul hf'eame a m('m-
bel' of the
hlfIs of ó' The Century Diction-
arv" ILIlII " .\ J
ibrarv of A mericån Litera-
ture." Besides eonh:ihuting to the maga-
zines. is t hl' author of .. \Vhispering Pille
,"
pocm..; (1HHa).
BOOTH, Mary Louise, journalif't, b.
:\lillville, now Yaphank. X. Y.. I!) April,
1831. He
Ílled mainly in New York city.
Began writing at an early age, and devoted
479
much time to the translation of French
standard literature. During- the C'Ìvil war
she t"e/l(lered valuable sen-ict'" to the C nion
cause by her translation:-: of French writings
favoring the Xorth. In It;.')9
he puhlished
a, .. lli
tory of the City of
e\\ ì ork .. (re-
dsed awl enhtrgt'll. It'U. awl IS
O).
he
was editor of .. Harper's Bazar ,. from it:;
e"tablishment in 11;U7 until her death. Died,
Xew 10l'k. X. Yo, 4)Iar.. 188!J.
BOTTA, Anne Charlotte [Lynch], h.
Bennington, \-t., IS20. Receiwtl IIPr edu-
c.:ttion at
\.Iuanv,
. Y. Ahout 184
made
her permanent l:esidenee in
ew lork city,
where her r('ception
always IHt\-e hi'en at-
tendell hy people noted in art awl letter".
\Yas married to Prof. Yincenzo Botta in
IH.,:;. B('
iaes eontrihutions to pl'riodkals,
has published .. Poems" (11;-18 and II;S4)
anll .. Handbook of L ni \.er,..:aI Litt'rature"
(18UO anti IHH.).
BOTTA, Vincenzo, ellucator, h. ('
l\-aI-
leI' Maggiore. Piedmont, Italy. Ii Xov.,
1818. Was educated at the university of
Turin, in which Ill' becanIf' proft,,.;,;or of Ì)hi-
losophy. Came to America in ll'.,:t and \Va"
made profe
or of the I talian lan
lIag-e awl
literature at the unin'r:-:itvof Xew York.
Author of Italian state rep
,rb Oil the (..er-
man uniwr,..:ities find sehool
. of a .. Dis-
course 011 thf' Life, ('hamder. awl Poliev of
Cavour" (1SÜ2), awl of " Dante itS Phih;so-
pher. Patriot. awl Poet ., (18fi.)>.
BOUDINOT, Elias, philanthrol'i4. h.
Philadelphia. Penn.. 2 :\Iay, 1-;4\1. St\lllie.l
law under Richar(l Stockton and praC'ti
l'(l
in X ew .J l'l",..:ey. \\' a
prc
ident of the ('011-
t inental congres
. 1.t.'2--1. :\Iemhf'r of the
C. S. hou,.;e of rel'resentatin
,., I.Ht}-t}:).
\.ppointed directot. of the mint in 1 ;[1.,. he
re
igne(l ten y(.ar:-; later. and retire(l to Bur-
lin
ton. X. J., where he wa
largelv oeen-
pied in eharitahll' plll'
llit:-:. i)uf,li
}lf"l.
among other works, ".\ Stllr in the \\'e
t"
(18W): an attempt to id('ntify the l""t tribe"
of bnwl with the AJ/leriea/J I nl lian:-:. Died,
Burlington, X. J., 24 (Jet.. 1H
1.
BOVEE, Christian Nestell, lawrer, h.
Xew York, X. Y.. 22 Feh.. It-\
I). Was for
several years enga
etl in men'antilp pursuit"
in that city, \\ here he wa,.; f;1I1N'Il'lentlr
ttllmittf'll to the har. and wl/f're lIP after-
\\lml pJ'acti
('d his profe,.;
io/J. .\lIthor of
.. Thoug-ht
. Feeling,.;. ancl Fanl'Ïes" (1
'")7)
mill .. Intuitions and :-;ullllllarie
of
Thong-ht .. (lHIi:!).
Bowen, Henry Chandler [Xo/Pll Sa.lf-
ing: Yol. XI.. page 4:):
]. b. Wnoll,.;to('k.
Conn.. 11 Sl'pt.. l
t:
. From 1
:
fI to U:\.,!)
wa
with Thpodorl' :U..Xamee a lIlemhcr of
the X l'W York mcrf'antile firm of Bowen &
l\lcXanwl'. [-'olluded the X, Y. "lnllepend-
('nt " in 1
4.'<.
BOWKER, Richard Rogers, journalist,
b. ðalem, :\Ias:;., 4 Sept., V:<4
. Gl"1111llatefl
480
BO WLE8-BRADFúRD.
nt tllf' collf>gf' of Xew York. \Yni' for sf"
eral
years the litl'rarv pditor of tllf' X. Y. .. E,-eu-
Ìng' )[ai1." Fr"om 1
,O to It-:!10 was con-
}J('cted with ,. The Publishers' Weeklv." lat-
terly ai' ellitor and proprietor. .AI,.;o'nn pdi-
tor IIf .. The Lihrarv J onrnal .. and of .. The
\lIleril'an CataloglH'." JIa" been def'l'ly
intere,.;tpd in economics awl in political
mlll copyright reform,.;. Some of his puh-
lications on these suhjpcts arc" Of Work
nd \Yealth .. (1
:
), .. (jopyright : its LliW
.:md its Literature" (1t\8G), and" Economics
for the Peoplf' .. (l
G).
BOWLES, Samuel, journalist, b.
Spring-field. )luss.. D Feh.. 1821i. Entered
the oJlice of hi,.; father's papPI', the .. :O;pring-
fielù Republil'an." at an early age. Iu 1SH
he Lrought ahout the ehangl' of tIll' paper
from a '\"peldy to it daily journal. and in U;.;1
ncC'eeded to its full control. Soon made it
the most influcntial 1'1'Oviucinl ne'u;paper
in Xew Eugland. a distiucti(Jn it has since
maintained. :\11'. Bowles Pllblislll'd several
volumes of lettl'l's of travel. In IH8.; ap-
peared ., The Life awl Times of Samuel
Bowles. hy George S. 3Ierriam." Died,
Springfiehl. )Iass.. Hi .Jan.. 1t<,t\.
BOWNE, Eliza [Southgate], b. Sear-
horo, :\le., 2-1 Sept.. 1,H:J. Daughter of Dr.
Hohert Southgate of that plnce, allllllieC'e of
Rufus King. Wa,.; marriell in 180;} to Wal-
ter BO\\"lll'. afterward ma vor of X ('w York.
Her letter
. which arc fnil of entertaining
RC"C'onnt:s of country amI citv life earl v in
this century. lnt'-e 'been IH'e
el"\"el1. 1)ie<1,
('}uu'leston. S. C.. .Jan., 1
()\).
BOYESEN, HjaImar Hjorth, el111e8tor.
h. Fredericksyaf'rn. Xorway. 2:-:: :-;epL, 1t413.
Stu<1ied at Leip:-:ie, Germany. and graduated
\t the mÜ"ersitv uf Xorway. Hemowd to
\meri('a in 1Hm':< and ellitel1 at Chieago. 111..
R
eandinavian paper, entitled" Frcma(l."
Assume(l the profes
orship of German ut
Cornell, 1
,4-. amI six years later was ap-
pointed to the :,<ame position fit Columbia
co]}eg-e. While in X ew York citv he has lec-
tureÙ befol'e I'ocieties and in public on Jitf'l'-
R1'Y topics. llis story, "lllm on the Hill-
Top." was Ih'amatized as ..
\lpine Hoses"
Rncl suceessfully pro<1l1C"ed in 1884. Has
written. among other 1/(loks, ., Gunnar, it
X orse Honwnce" (1
j 4), ., Fal('onherg .,
{18iS). ,. Goethe amI SdlilJer, their Lives
and \\
orks" (l
j
l. "Ilka on the IIilJ-Top.
Rllll Other Sturie:, ., (11-:t!1), .. A Daughter of
the Phili",tille:," (1t\t>;J), and .. Yagabond
THIes .. (1
H).
BRACKENRIDGE, Henry Marie,
jurist. h. PiU:-:hllrgh, Penn.. 11 ::\ray, 1 Î
fi.
Son ofthe xncC"eé(ling. \Vas admittt'.1 to the
Imt', 1806. Six years after was appointed a
district jUlI,!!;f' in Louisiana. \\'a,.; U. S.
judge for the western di
triet of Florida,
1821-32. and ",en-ed on diplomatic com mis-
"'ions to South America and
Ie
ico. Pub-
lishcd "IIistOlT of the Late 'War hetween
the CnitedStatè,.;and Grf'at Britain" (about
1t>lü), and ., Re('ollections of Persons and
Places in the West" (lH:H). Died, Pitts-
burgh, Penn.. 1
Jan.. It>,1.
BRACKENRIDGE, Hugh Henry,
jurist. h. near CltllllJuelton, Scot lmlll, 1,48.
Was brought to Anlf'ril'a in 1 ,.")3 b,
his
father, who esLablislll'd himself as a fa"'rmer
in York c-ount
. Pelln. The
ou taught
school to ohtain the means of com}Jleting his
education and graduated at Princeton. He-
mained then' as a tutor while studying for
the ministry, thoug-h he did not follow that
profe:-:
ion regularly. ..After conduding an
aC'adelllv in :\[anland for several veal's. he
l'('moYC
1 to Philådelphia in l'j'j(j, alll[ f
dite(l
the .. C nitel! States :\lagazine." Subse-
quently settle(l at Pittsburgh, prnetised In w,
and rose to he judge of the state supreme
court from l'ìU!) until his death. IIis chief
work, .. .Modern ('hi vain, or the Adventures
of Captain Farrago" (17!)ti-180U), is a satire
on the political follies of It new coun try. Be-
sides nunH'rous contrilJlltions to }Jeriodicals,
he composP,1 with Philip Frl'nenu a poetical
dialogue. "The Ri",in,!.{ Glory of America"
(ljÎ
), also" The B1lttle of Bunker's Hm,
a Dramatic Piece in Fi,"e
\cts" (177!.i), and
"Incidents of the In
urrection in the \\' est-
ern Plì,ì."ts of Pl'llIl",yhania" (1794). 1>ied,
'arlisle. Penn., 2.") June, 11316.
BRADFORD, William, colonist, bap-
tized at Austerfie1d, Y orhhire. England, I!)
l\[ar., 1;)\)0, and probably horn there not long
before. Earlv became a Puritan of the Pil-
grim type, Im;l, with HoLinsou, "T. Brewster,
anù otlwrs. remo"ed to Holland at the age
of eighteen to a\"oid re1ig-ious persecution,
remaining there twehe years.
ailed from
Velft lIa'
en. the port of Leyden, in the
.Jlayftuwer, ahout the first of Aug.. Hj
O,
reaching- Cap.. ('od 11 Xo\"., alld landing at
Plymouth 11 Df'c. following. At the death
of .John Carver succeeded as governor of
Plymouth colony, lü21, heing IÌnllually rf'-
elected (with thl' exception of four years
when he declil\(>(l :-cITing) for the rest of his
life. IIis ., History of Plymouth Planta-
tion." left in manuscript. was u:,wd 11)' Sa-
thaniel )[orton in his .. )lemorial," which is
largely 1m 1I11l'i<1,!.{ment of it. and hy Thomas
Prince awl Governor II utC'hin
on in tlll'ir
histories of X ew England. Prince ùeposited
BI'a(lford's mlUlu:,.cript in the t.>wer of the
Uld South churc-h in Bo:-:ton. whence it was
probahly removed during- the Britbh oc-cu-
pation of Boston in the HeH!lution. Sup-
po
e(l to IUl\'e heen lost, it was dise()\"ered in
the Fulham library near Lowlon. Elldall<l,
in 11:'.").; and puhlished the next yetl!:. It is
the most \""11luahle reeor.l of Ph !IIouth col-
ony for the 1>erio<1 it coyers. IIi connel'tion
,\ ith Edwal'll \\-inslow, (ioycrnor Bl'IIdforù
wrote the" Heluhon or J unrnal ., of the first
BRADLEr -BROOIíS.
481
year at Plymouth, puhlished at London i!l
16
2, amI long ineorreC'tly styled" :\1ourt s
Relation." A portion of his letter-book was
found at Halifax and publi
hed in 1794. He
left also ....er
es on various su bjf'ets and some
theological paper:' which 1m \ e been printed.
\\T as familiar with se\-erallanguages, and a
hard student, his historical work being char-
acterized by vigorous simplicity of Rtyle
eombined with unusual discrimination.
Died, Plymouth, )[ass., 9 :\1ay, 165ì.
BRADLEY, Mary Emily [Neely], b.
Easton, :\1d., 29 XO\-., 18:
:j. Resided as a
girl in Accomae county, Ya. Published her
first story ill "Neal's Saturl1av Gazette,"
1tJ48. \\' as marrir.d to George' T. Bradley
in 1833, and subsequently li\-ed chiefly in
Xe\\" York cit\". Author of a number of
books for children and of a volume of poems,
" Hidden Sweetness" (1886), besides much
fugitiye verse.
BRADSTREET, Anne [Dudley], .. the
Tenth :\1 use, " b. probably at S orthamp-
ton, EnglRm1, 1612-1;t Daughter of GOY.
Thomas Dudlev of )lassachusetts. Was
married at sixteén to Simon Bradstreet. son
of a non-conformist clergyman, and then
steward to the Countess of Warwick. 'With
her husband, sailed for X ew Englam1, proh-
ably in Winthrop's company, April, 1G30.
Resided at CharIestown allli other places in
the colony, hut was a permanent resident of
Andover bv 1644. Her husband became
goyernor of l\Iassacimsetts. A volume of
her poems was published at London in W.;Û,
entitled .. The Tenth ::\luse I.Jatcly sprung
up in Ameriea." with intro(luctory ,"er:,e5
by Xathaniel \Van1 amI others. It was con-
sidered remarkable at the timc, hut it is now
chiefly interesting- as the fir:4 formal exhi-
hition of poetical effort in Xew Englanll.
l\1uch of the ycrse i
a metrical tmnseript of
her readings. A f'econ(l edition, with alll1i-
tions, appeared after her death under the
title, "::;l'\-eral Puem.. Compiled with gl'l'at
variety of 'Vit and IJearning, full of De-
light." (16ì8). In 186ì appeared "The
'V orks of Anne Bradstreet in Prose and
Yerse. Ellited hy .r ohn II. Ellis." Died,
Andover, )Iass.. 1(; Sf'pt., I1ii2.
Bragg, Edward Stuyvesant [.J..Vntpd Say-
ing: Yol.XI., pagp4/jOJ, b, UnadiIla. X.i.,
20 Feb., 1/-{:37. Brigadier-general in the
r nion army during the civil war. Chair-
man of the Democratic national C'onvention,
It\
4.
BRAINARD, John Gardiner; Calkins,
journalist. b. Kew London, ('onn., 21 Uct.,
17!JG. Graduated at Yale. Edited the Hart-
ford" Connecticut :\Iirror" from 1
22 until
shortly he fore his death. An enll1rgell elli-
tion of his" Poems" (182.1) was publi::ohed
as "Literary Remains" (I R 3:3) with an in-
trolluction by Whittier. Died, )rew Lon-
dOll, Conn., 26 Sept., 1828.
YOLo XI.-31
BRAINERD, David, mi,.:,.:imwry, b.
TIaddam, Conn., 20 April, l,lR. Studied at
Yale, hut did not grad uate. Beg-an his \\ ork
among the lIlllians at Kent, Conn., 1741.
Afterwarll accepted an appointment from
the Scottish society for promoting Chris-
tian knowledge. as their missionary to the
Indians. Pursued this \-ocation until his
death, which was induced by exposure, Se-
le('tions Îrom his journals were published
in 174G, and in 174U appeared" )lemoirs of
the Hey. Dayill Erainen1, chiefly taken from
his own Diary. By Rev. Jònathan Ed-
warlls." Died, 'Korthampton, )la,.:s., 9 Oct.,
1747.
BRIDGE, Thomas, eIet'gyman. h. near
IJondon, England, 163;. Came to Xew Eng-
land, and graduated at lianaI'd. After ds-
iting Europe as a merchant, entered the
ministn". Prenehed at Jamaica and Ber-
muda, àm1 in 170.) became colleague pastor
with Benjamin \Vadsworth of the First
church at Boston. Published se\-eml :"er-
mons. Died, Boston, )Ia
".. 2G Sept., 171.).
BRIGGS, Charles Frederick, b. Xan-
tuC'ket, ::\1 ass. , 1804. Established the
"I3roallwav Journa!." 1844, of which Poe
afterward hecame elHtor.
\ssociate editor
of "Putnam's Magazine:' 18:';B-6. In 1874
joined the staff of the X. y, "Independent,"
AuthOJ' of "lIarry FraJl<'o. a Tale of the
Great Panic" (1R
!J), and" \Yorkinga Pa,,-
sagf'. or Life on a Liner" (1844). Died,
nrookl
-n. X. Y., 20 June, If.177.
BRISTED, Charles Astor, h. Xew
York, X. Y., 182(). Gr1u11latell at. Yale and
at Cambridge unÍ\-er
it\-. )Iuc.h of his life
was pa
sed jn Europe. 'Ilis last year:' were
spent at "-ashington, D. C. Contributed
largely to new
paper:, and JIlaga7ine:" and
was the author of "Tlw l- pI'!'r Ten Thou-
sanll " (H:
:;2) and" Five Years in an Eng-
li:,h rnÏ\-cr:,ity" (18.;2), Ihed, 'Ya:,hingtoÌl,
D. C., 1.) Jan.. 1874.
BROMLEY, Isaac Hill, journalj,..t, h.
Xorwieh, Conn.. (j :\lar., l
:m. Uraduated
at Yale. Stw1ied lawaJH1 practisl'd at Xew
1Iaven, COIIII., until 18.3tJ, when he foulldell
the Norwieh ":\Iorning Bulletin."
l'ned
in the F. S, arm\'", 1
(i2-!. "-ns e(1it"r uf
the Hartforll .. E\-ening Po"t," l
fi/-{-7
,
and a member of the X, Y. .. Tribulle" ('tU-
torial staff, 18ì:J-R;J. T Il 1R
.; he llC'('epted a
position in the Union Pacific railroa(l man-
agemf'llt.
BROOK
, Charles Timothy, clergy-
man, h. Salf'm, )1 ass. , 20 June. It\ liJ.
Gr:uIuated at Harmrd. Pu40r of the Cni-
tarian chureh in
ewport, It r.. from H
;37
until 18ì3. De::iides many translations from
the German, sen-ral volumes of his poems
have appeare(l, jneluding " Songs of Field
mul Fore:,t " (18:>4) and" Poems, Original
amI Translated" (1885). Died, NewIJort,
R. l., 14 J lillI', 1883.
482
BROOKS-BRO W
Y.
BROOKS, Maria [Gowen], "1\Iaria del
Occidente." h. )[edford, 1\1ass., ahout 179,:;.
She \\a:,; the daughter of a man of culture,
among who
e friends were se'-eral IIarnlrd
professors. On his death she became cn-
g;1ged at an early age to
Ir, Brooks, a mer-
chant of Do:<ton, who took ('harge of her
edueation awl :-ubsequently married her.
he soon hegan the writing of '-erse, nnd in
1
20 puhlishcd her first volume. "Judith,
}
sther. awl Other Poems." lIer }msband
dying" in 18
ö, :-he removed to Cuba and
there resided with an unde. Becoming in a
few years the inheritor of his property. she
returned to the lí nitI'd States and settled
down at Hanover. N. II. There she o('('u-
),ied herself with the revision of her pocÌ'n,
.. Zophiël, or the Bride of :-;pycn." which
had been written in Cuba, and tht' first ('an-
to of which had appeareù in 1ti
.). .. Zo-
rhiël" wns publi:<hetl in complete form at
London in V:
:J3, ulllier the supervision of
Robert ::;ol1the\", whom )1rs. Brooks had
yisited in lk:
f.' He greatlv mlmin'ù her
work, atHl styled hpr ..
laria ilcl Oecitlente."
After her return to _\merica, she puhlished
It partly autobiographicl:Il romance, .. Ido-
men, or the Yale of Yamuri ., (184:3). Died,
l\latanzn<;, Cuha. 11 XO\"" H
4,j.
BROOKS, Noah, jourualist, h. {'a:,:tine,
1\le., :m Od., Uqû. \\
as engagetl in jour-
nalistic work in Boston from 1
,)O to 1834.
After some experience in western states as a
merchalJt and farmer, he for sen'rul veal':;
edited a paper in .31arySYille, ('aI., rf'm
Ying
thence to \Vm:hington. D. C., in ltiti2, aud
J';en ing as corre:<pomlent of the Sacramento
"ruion" durin
the cidl war. \\?a:o: a mem-
her of the editorial staff of the K. Y. "Tri-
bune " from lti,;"1 to 1
7.), and of the X. Y.
" Times" from the latter date until 1 tiS4,
when he a("('epte,l the editorship of the Xew-
nrk, N, J., .. Daily Advertiser." lIe has
contributed to the magazine;;, anù has pub-
lished several books for young people, the
titles of which arc ,. The Boy Emigrants"
(18i6). "The Fairport Xine" (IRS1), "Our
Base-Ball Club" (1t383), and "Abraham
Lincoln, a Biography" (1888), the last of
these a model short history of its subject by
one close to the President.
BROOKS, Phillips, clergyman, b. Bos-
ton, )Iass., 13 Dec., 1ti33. Graduated at
Han-an1. Entered the Episcopal ministry.
\Vas rector of churches at Philadelphia, and
in 18U9 became rector of Trinitv church at
l
oston. Author of "Lectures 'on Preach-
ing" (18i7), "The Influence of Jesus"
(l
ÎD), and several yolumes of sermons.
BROTHERTON, Alice [Williams), b.
CamlJridgf', Ind., 18--. lias resided chiefly
in or near Cim.innati. 0., where:;he was edu-
('uted in the high s("hools. \\'a
married to
\Villiam E.Hrotherton in 1HjG. A wl"Ïterfor
the mag:aLÍlle::o, amI the author of .. Beyond
the Yeil," poems (1886), and" The Sailing
of King Olaf, and Other Poems" (1887).
BROWN, Charles Brockden, b. Phila-
delphia, Penn., 17 Jan.. 1';'';"1. Of Quaker
descent. Early manifested an interest in
literature. Hecei,"ed his education at the
:,ochool of Robert Proud. author of a history
of Penu1'Y I mnia. Began the study of law :it
Philadelphia, but finally abandoned it, be-
coming more and more ah;;orhed in literary
work. .At the time of his first yifoòit to Xpw
York city ill 1 iD6. })(' h
HI contributed yal'i-
oux 1H"ticÏes to Philadelphia periodicals, par-
ticularly a scrips of essays entitled "The
Hlmpsotlist" in the" ('ohimbus )Iagazine."
His yi:<its to Kew York hecame frequent.
until t hnt city WIIS practiclilly his residence.
lIe puhlished in 1,;"9. a work on marriage awl
diyorce, entitled" The Dialogue of Alcuin."
which met with small SUCCl':<S. The follow-
ing year his earliest written novel, "Sky
".ulh, or the :\Iun "Gnkno\\n to lIimself,"
failell of publication through the ùeath of
the printer, Purtions of thi:o: work" ere suh-
f'equcntly embodied in "]
(lgar Huntley,"
Soon after t his he published "\\ïeland, or
the Tran:<formation" (liUt5). whieh became
an immediate success and gained the author
permanent rl'putation. 'This 'HIS followed
in rapid succession by "OrmuIllI" (1"iUH),
· Ed "ar Il1mt ley" (1 i!)!)) "Arthur )11'1'-
yyn"Cl';"!)!I-lI-iO()): "Jane T
lbot" (1801),and
"Clara IIowartl" (1801), amI these novels
form the first significant body of fiction pro-
duced by an .Amprican author. In li9!)
Brown began the issue of the ":\1onthly
Magazine and Americlm Review," a peri-
oùicul which lasted but a few months. From
lHû3 to l
(lti he edited" The Literary :\IHga-
zine and .American Register." He was also
the author of several political essays which
nppeared from I
O;J to 180D. Died, prob-
aLly in PhiladelphÜI, Penn., 22 Feb., UHO.
BROWN, John, "of Usawatomie,"enum-
dpator, h. 'Torrington, ('onn., 9 .:\1ay, 1800.
Dl'scenùed from Peter Brown, of the J.1Iay-
flou'er. Chiefly engaged as It farmer and
currier in early life. Became intensely inter-
ested in the suppression of slavery, devoting
his energies and time to the practical work
of assisting slaves to escape. Reside(l in
Penns:dntnia, Ohio, and 1\Inssaphu:o:etts,
1834-4U. and settled in 1846 at Korth Ellia,
X. Y. Joined his fiye sons in 18.'),) on their
:-ettlement at Osawatomie. Kan. The Kan-
sas strug-de caused much conflict Rwl fre-
quent oì.lhages. In 1
,:;8 he, with twenty-
two armed followers, took forcible possession
of the U. H. arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Va.
The <,itizens joined the military in subduing
the little hand. Brown's two f'ons being
killed in the fight. Declined to countenance
plans for his escape. \Vas tried, sente[\('ed,
md. with four of his mell, was executed at
CharlestowlI, Ya., 2 Dec., It;3U. He pre-
BROWX-BROWXSOX.
483
dicted that a war would precede the sup-
pression of :-;lavery.
BROWN, Josèph Brownlee, b. Charles-
ton, S. C., -1 Oct., 11"
4. Gnduatell at Dart-
mouth. Studied law anù afterward took up
teaching a,;; a profession, but became. a con-
firmed invalid in 1!:)().:;. ("p to that tune he
had been one of the mo:-;t promising of the
group of young transcendentalists influ-
enced bv Emer:-;on's writings. Contributed
to the :. Atlantic )lonthly."' Died, Brook-
1m. X. Y.. 21 Oct., 1888.
. BROWN, Phæbe [Hinsdale], b. Ca-
naan.
. 1., lÎtm. \Vas married to Timo-
thv H. Brown. Author of several hnnns,
aniong thpm that entitled, .. I IJO\"e tò steal
Awhile .Away." Died, Henry, Ill., 10 Oct.,
18fil.
BROWNE, Charles Farrar, " Artemus
Ward." b. \Valerfonl, )le., 2:J April, 1!:)
4.
Learned the trade of a printer, awl worked
as It compo.;:itor on papers in Rkowhegan,
:\le.. an,l Boston. Published his first hu-
morous writings in the .. Carpet-Bag." a
comic paper of the latter city. Hemoved to
Ohio. and about 1!:).ï
hpcnme local reporter
on the ('le\-eland .. Plaimlealer." POl' the
latter he began writing under his well-
known pspudul1ym, assuming the character
of a showman. His reputation increasing,
he was illvitl'd to X ew ì ork to edit .. Vanity
Fail.... a humorous weekly stnrtell just before
the civil war. On the failure of this nmture,
he vÌ:<ited California and rtah. }{ptuming.
he dl'livercd a series of comic lectures on
)[ormonism, which were widely popular.
His health had begun to fail when he sailed
for Englaml in June, 11:>(ì(j. but in the follow-
ing autumn he was able to lecture for a few
months. repeating his American successes.
Increasing illness prevented his return to
the L nited States. Aut hor of "Artemus
". arù. His Book" (18U2), " Art<,mus \Vanl,
His 'l'nn-els" (lRG.:;), and" Artemu'5 \\T ani
in IJoIlllon" (18{i7), collected and edit('d bv
l\leldlle D. Landon as .. .Artemus War<i,
His Works Com plde "(187':;). Died, South-
ampton, En,gland. G )lar., It'fi7.
BROWNE, Francis Fisher, journalist.
b. South Halifax, \.t., 1 Dec., 1
4a. Learneù
the printer's trade in his father's newspaper
office at Chicopee, Mass. Sen'e,l in the U.
S. army during the civil \\ar. Hesidcd at
Chicago. III.. after 11:>G7, engaged in literary
nnd editorial work, and founded there, in
IH1';O, "The Dial." a monthly literary jour-
nal. Published .. The Even'-Dav Life of
Abraham Lincoln" (1R"3G). aÌHI e
lited sev-
eral valuahlc anthologit.s of poetrr.
BROWNE, John Ross, tra\""{'lkr, b. Ire-
land, 1817. ße
ides making- :o-enl"Hl.iourne
s
through Europe anll the East. he \\as at
different times U. B. inspector of C'u:-toms
for the Paeific ('oa,:t aud t-, :-i. mini4er to
China. :-;ome of his works arc" Etchings
of a \Vhaling-Cruise" (184G), "1 usef, or
the Journey of the Fragi" (18;)3), and" Re-
sources of the Pacific Slope" (1t;U9). Died,
OaklaIlll, CaI., 9 Dec., It;,.).
BROWNE, Junius Henri, journalist, b.
Seneca Falls, X. Y., 1:3 Oct., lti3a. Gradu-
nted at St. Xa\'ier college, Cincinnati. A
staff correspondent of m
nr leading Amer-
ican paper
. particularly of the X. Y. "Tri-
bune." \Vhile wl:l1' corre:-;pondent of the
latter, was captured at \Ïckslmrg and spent
two years in
even Southern prisons. Re-
sided at X eW York city after 11:)(j7. Author
of " Four Years in Se'c('ssia" (l
(j;:;), "The
Great .ì\Ietropolis" (1870), and" Lights and
Sen:-ations in Europe" (1872).
BROWNELL, Henry Howard, b.
PI'ovidence, R. 1., G .Feb.. IH20. Graduated
at Trinity college. Taught school for a time
at )lobile, Ala., and, returning to Hartford,
was there admitted to the bar in 11:>44.
.Abandoned law for literary work in 11:>4Ð.
lIe had nlremly published a volume of
" Poems" (1847), and he continued his
poetical contrihutiom: to the magazines
through the remainder of hi" life. \Vas
chiefly occupiell up to the time of the civil
war \\ith the writing of popular histories.
f'ome of thet'e are .. The People's Book of
.Ancient and )lo!!ern History" (1t1.31),
.. The Discoverer
, Pioneers, and Settlers of
Korth and
outh _\merica" (1ti':;3), aUlI a
history of the war of HH
. A poetical Yer-
f'iou. early in the cidl war, of Fnrrngufs
., general m'ders" to his fleet attracte!! that
commander's attention, anù led to Brown-
elrs appointment as acting en,;:.ign on
h0:1n1 the Hartford. In this capacity he
witnessed the battle of .Mobile bay, after-
ward making it the suLject of his long war
poem, .. The Day Fight." At the elo,.:e of
the war he accompanied Fnrragut on his
cruise to the ports of Europe, resigning and
returning to Hartford in 1868. IIis" Lyrics
of a Hay" appeared in 1864, aIllI .. \Var
Lyrics, and Other Poems" in 18(jG. Died,
llartfol"ll, ('oun., 31 Oct., 1872.
BROWNELL, William Crary, b. 1\ew
í ork, X. Y.. :30 Aug.. 18;)1. Graduated at
Amher"t. \Yns a member of the X. y,
"\V orM" :-tnff, 1
71-
, aud :,uh:<equently
wrote for ,. The Xation." .After
cwral
years of tran.l abroad. he entl'red a X. Y.
TIULlishing-hom:(' in an editorial capacity.
A contributor to the> mag-llzines, and :1U-
thor of ., French 'fraits : lÌn .Essay in Com-
pllmti\'e C'ritici"m ,. (18t:i!.J).
BROWNSON, Orestes Augustus, b,
Stock1Jl"idge, Yt., Hi Sept., 180:3. Ga\-e up
Pres1" tt'rianism to become It Cniwr:'lllist
minish-r, 1
:.?>. 111111 {'!lite,l the ,. Gospel_\d-
yocate" and t hI' .. Philanthropist:' I u
1I
:
2 aclopted Fnitarian yit'ws, a11l1 held a
pastorate in Bo
ton until his re:-;ignation in
11)43. \\ïelded It large influence in politics
484
BR Y ANT -B U.l.YCE.
as an independent thinker. Founded the
Boston "<iuarterly He,"iew" in lt53t5. In
IS44 entered the Homan Catholic church,
hi
imlividuali
m inyoh-ing him ill eontro-
\-er:>Ìes with his ecclc
iastil'al superiors. Ad-
yocatcd what would now Le clnssed as
ChristÜlll soeiali
ll1. Besides his writings
in what :from IS44 he entitled ., Brownson's
QUllrterJy Heyicw" (finally gi n'n up in
It5ì.3), he published" Sew YlCws of l'hris-
tian ::;oéÏdy and the Church" (1836). .. The
Convert. or Lcaves from my .Expericnce"
(1S::;ì), .. The .American Repuhlic, its Con-
stitutional Tendcneies and Dcstiny" (186;:;).
and" Conversation on Liheralism and the
Church" (1SìO). Died, Detroit, l\Iich" 1 ì
April. 18ì(j.
BRYANT, William Cullen, journalist,
U. CUll1ll1ing-ton, l\Iuss., 3 1'Oy., lìU4. 'I'hf'
son of Dr. Peter Bryant, a physician of that
plaee, who was a memuer of the .l\Iassachu-
setts lpgislature for several terms. '\Til_
liam Cullen early developed the facnlty of
composing in "\'(>rse. and his first puhlished
poem appeared in the .. Hampshire Ga-
zette " for lROì. The follO\\ing year he
published ., The EmLargo, or ::;
ketches of
the Times," a satirieal poem. Studied for
a year at Williams college. which he left
to dcyotehimself to law. Was admitted to
the har at Ph"mouth, l\Iass., 181;:;, alH1
practi:-:ed at Phiinfield for one year. and at
Ureat Barrington for nine. During this
period his "TlulIlatopsis," written in his
eighteenth year. np'peared in the .. Xorth
American He,'iew ' (1t51'i), besides
yeral
sub:,e([\lent contribHtion
, anù he was in-
yited to <leli\"er n poem hefore the iþ B ](
society at Ilarvard. He re:,pomled with
., The .Ages, " issuerl the same year (1821) in
a volume with other poem!'. Uemoyed to
X ew York city in 1H;?.'i. After acting as
assistant eùitor of a re,"iew. he hecame in
the following year a memherof the editorial
staff of the" Evening Post." of which he
was made editor-in-chief. It528. This posi-
tion he held until his death, a period of fifty
years. Several trips to Europe and the En:;t
were described in letters to that paper. These
Wl're IIfterward collected in IJook form as
., Letters of a Trfweller" (IR.32), "Letters
from Spain and Other Countries" (18.39),
and" Letters from the East" (181)!)). Some
of his numerous addresses and commemora-
tive discour
es were gathered in a yolume
entitled "Orations and Addresses " (18;;3).
Perhaps the most notahle of these was that
delin-red at the K. Y. Academy of
[u
ic on
.. The Life, Character. and Geliius of \Yash-
ington Irving" (1860). The same year he
acted fiS chairman at the Cooper Institute
meeting addressed by Abraham Lincoln.
('ollecti ,-e editions of his "Poems" were
published in 1
a2, 1S46, 1
55, find l
76.
::;ingle volumes of yerse were .. The Foun-
tain, am1 Other Poems" (1842), "The \Vhite-
Footed Deer. and Other POf'ms" (11344). awl
.. Thirty Poems" (l
(j4). lIis tran
lations
of the " Iliad ,. and" Odyssey" into Eng-
lh;h hlank wrse appeared, It3ìU-2. [n 11"/:';J
and 1
t'4 a final edition of "The Poetical
\Vorks and Prose \V orks of \YilIiam Cullen
Bryant ,. was published, edited Ly his son-
in-law, Parke Godwin. Died, .New York,
X. Y.. 12 June. l
ì8.
BUCKINGHAM, Joseph Tinker, jour-
nalist, b. "ïndham, Conn., 211>e('., 1 'i'i!).
Began work as a printer at \Y alpole,
. H.
After several failures in starting period-
icals. he edited with Samuel L. Knapp
"The Xew England Galaxy," 1817-28.
Founded in IS24 tho Boston dail v "Cou-
ripr," and was its editor until 184t5. . In 18
1
he established .. The New Englfind l\[aga-
zinc." His hooks are" Hpecimens of News-
paper Literature" (18.30) and "Personal
}lemoirs" (m52). Died, CamLridge, Mass.,
11 April, 1861.
BUC!{MINSTER, Joseph Stevens,
clergyman. b. Portsmouth, N. II., 26 .May,
lì84. Graduated at Harvard. Tau
ht fit
the Exeter, X. II.. acm1emy, while folÌowing
his theological studies. \\T as ordained pas-
tor of the Brattle street. ("hureh nt Bo:4on in
180;:;. preaching a doctrine then known u:o;
J
ihpral Chri
tian. l'losel
' re:-:emilling that
of the later {Tnitarians. Gained reputation
as a pulpit orator and as an al1nmeetl reli-
gious thinker. Two volumes of his .. Ser-
mons" (1t1l4-20) were IJl"lmg-ht out posthu-
monsl
T. Died. Boston. )Ias
., !) J I Illf'. IH12.
BUEL, Clarence Clough, jonl'Ilulist, b.
I
aOlHI. Chautauqua Co., X. Y.. 2Ð J nly.1H.30.
StlH1ied at the mlÌ'-erf;itv of .:\Iinnl'sota and at
German uni,"ersities. \YUf; a member of the
X, Y. .. Tribune" staff from 18'1.3 to IHt51,
and in the latter \"ear LeCaIll<.' as
i:,tant editor
of" The Cpntnr
- )Jagazine." A contrilmtor
to the nwgazines, and assoeiutpfl with Hoh-
crt rnderwoo(l John
on in editing''' Battles
and Lenders of the ('i,-il 'Yar" (It'
n).
BULKLEY, Peter, elergyman. b. 0(1el1,
Bpdfordshire, England, 31 Jan., 1383.
Graduated at Cambridge LUliversity.
Preached at his hirthplace for twenty years,
was silenced for lion-conformity, amI emi-
gmtefl to Camhridge,
lass., in l(j;1.;.
Fountled Coneortl, )lass., the ne
t year;
was its fir
t minister. and remainf'fl there
until his death. .. The Gospel-Covenant."
a sermon, was puhlished in 1646. Died,
('on co 1"(1 , )[nss.. Ð )[ar.. l6.3n.
BUNCE, Oliver Bell, h. X ew York,
X. Y.. 8 Feb.. 1
28. Was for some Year
the
head uf a puhlishing and Lookselling firm
hf'aring his name. hut suh
f'quently heeume
eùitor of .. Appletons' Journal" in Xf'W
York, and litemry adviser of the publishing
house of I>. Appleton & ('0. In addition to
coutriLutions to the magazines, his books
B U.LY.LVER-B URRITT.
485
are "A Bachelor\; Story" (18'")!)). "Life
Before Him" (lS60), .. Bensley" (1t;(j:
),
" Bachelol' Bluff, His Opinions.
entiments,
.and Di
putations" (1882), ..
Iy Hou
e, an
Meal" (1
85), amI "Timias Terrystone"
(1885). ., Don't" (11::;84), a small book on
manners, reached a sale of one hundred
thousand copies in America alone. Died,
XewYork.
. Y., t:>
lav.1H!l0.
BUNNER, Henry Cuyler, journalist,
b. Oswego, X. Y., 13 Aug., 18.:;;:;. Reeeh-ed
his education at a :French school in
ew
York city. Entered a Portuguese business
firm in that city for a short time, and after-
ward worked ås a l'eporter. 'Vas made as-
sistant editor of the N. Y. .. Puck," at its
commencement in 1877, and soon after be-
came editor of the same paper. Author of
.. A \Voman of lIonor "(188::l), " Airs from
Arcadyand El,.:ewlwl'e," poems (1884), "The
:\lidge" (11';
6), "The Story of a:N ew York
House" (lt5Sì),and "In Partner,.:hip" (1884),
a collection of stories ùy II. C. Bunner and
Brander :\Iatthews. "The Towel' of Babel, .,
a druma by H. C. Bunner amI Julian :\lag-
nu,.:. was proLIue-ed at Philadelphia in 188a.
Burchard, Samuel Dickinson [JYÓted
Saying: Yo1. XI., page 460], h. Steuben,
.
Y.. 6
ept., 11312. Became pastor of a Pres-
byterian church in Xew York city, 18139.
BURDETTE, Robert Jones, journalist,
b. Greensborough, Penn., 130 July, 1844.
Sen'eù in the r nion army during the civil
war. Edited sen'ral papers at Peoria. Ill.,
-.and in 1874 joined the staff of the Burling-
ton, Iowa, "lIawkeve." \Vell-known as a
writer and lectun'r O
l humorous subjects.
BURGES, Tristam, statesman, b. Roch-
.ester,
Ia
s., 2(j Feb., 1770. Graduated at
Brown. Began to practise law at Provi-
dence. R. 1., 17!.I!). 'Vas chief-justice of the
H. I. sUJll'eme cuurt, 1815-2.:;, und a mem her
of the 1:.
. house of representatives, 182,")-
3.). From 1131.) to 1828 he was professor of
oratory and hclles-Iettres at Brown.
\.
leader in the Federalist party.
eleetions
from his speeches and writing's are gi\'en in
.. :\Iemoirs of 'l'ristam Burges ., (18;J,)). Dietl,
Provi{lencp, H. t, 1;
Oct., 18.);J.
BURLEIGH, George Shepard, jour-
nalist, b. Plainfiehl. Conn., 2(j :\lar., 1821.
'Vas engaged until the age of twenty-fh-e in
farming, varied by a brief experience as
as,.:istunt etlitor of the "Charter Oak," of
IIartf()l"{I, the earliest Liberty party paper
in ('onnectieut. :\[arried amI remove{l to
Little Comptun, H. I.. in 184!). where he af-
tl'rward mainly resided. Contributed ex-
ten,.:ively to the press. partieularly to anti-
.sht\-ery. reform, and literary journals. and
published poems and artieles in the maga-
zine:,. His hooks are "TIll' .!\laniac, amI
Other Popms "(lRt!)), "Signal Fires on the
'Tntil of the Path-Pinder" (lH.')(j), and an
unpubli,.:hed translation of Yietor lIugo's
"Légf'nde des
iècles," of which the first
volume has heen printed.
BURLEIGH, William Henry, journal-
ist. b. Woodstock, Conn., 2 Feb., 1812,
Brother of tllP pree-eding. 'Vas editor of Ya-
rious anti-
la very papers in New Y ork
tate
and Pennsylvania, and of the Hartford
., Charter Oak" from 1
43 to 18;:;0.
ubse-
quently became harbor-master of New York
city. Editions of his" Poems" were issueù
in 1841 and It571. Died, Brooklyn, N. Y.,
18 :\Iar., 1871.
BURNETT, Prances Eliza [Hodgson],
b. Manchester, England, 24 Xov., 1t>4U,
lIer parents emigrated to the lJ nited States
at the close of the civil war, and settled at
X ewmarket, Tenn., removing a year later
to Knoxville in the same state, Iler first
printed story was contributed to " Godey's
Lady's Book," when she was sixteen years
old.
he continued to write for this period-
ical, and tdso for" Peterson's Magazine,"
in which her first nowl, .. Dorothea" (1t173),
appeared. It was afterward published in
book form with the title "Vagabondi:t"
(18S!)). :\Ieanwhile, in It>72, a story in Eng-
lish dialect, "Surly Tim's Trouble," was
sent to the "Century Magazine" (then
" Scribner's Monthly'') and accepted with a
request for further manuscripts. She was
married. 1873, to Dr. Luan
I. Burnett, of
Knoxville, and thereafter resided chiefly at
\\T ashington, n. C., making extended vÍsits
to England and the Continent, .. That
La,.:s o' Lowrie's ., (1877) was extremely pop-
ular in both America and gngland, aIllI
gained her a wide reputation. It was drama-
tized by Joseph Hatton and A. :\lathison
am} by Charles Reade in England, and by
Julian :\lagnus, the latter's rlay heing pro-
duced at Booth's theatre, }.;ew York city,
Other novels and colledions of storie:; aj'.c
"Surly Tim. nnd Other Stories" (1877),
"Haworth's" (187!)), .. Earlier Stories"
(lt5,U), "Louisiana" (18140), "A Pair Bar-
barian" (l8H 1), "Throug-h One .Aclminis-
tration" (1883), "Little Lord Fauntleroy"
(18t>6), "Sara Crewe" (1888), ., Editha's
Burglar" (1888), "The Pretty Sister of
José" (1889), and .. Little Saint Elizabeth"
(18ÐO). Several of these have been drama-
tizecl by :\[rs, Burnett and others. and pro-
duced, among them "A Fair Barbarian "
un:l .. Little Lord Fauntlerov," the latter
with Elsie Leslie Lyde in the Îeading part.
Burr, Aaron [Kaleel Sayings: Vol. XI.,
pag-e 4-W] , h. Xewark, X. J., 6 F('h., 1ì56.
Sprved in the Continentulnrmy. Viee-pres-
i,l('nt ùf tllf
United StatC's, 1801-5. Died,
taten T,.:]aml. X, Y., 14
ept., 1R;J().
BURRITT, Elihu, reformer, b. New
Britain, Conn., 8 Dec., 18lO. Supporte(1
him "elf at the forge while pursuing his eùu-
cation, and thus g-ained the name of "the
learned black:"mith." \Vas noted as a lin-
486
BfJRROUGHS-BYRD.
guist, and as an advocate ou the leC'ture-
IJlatform and in papers e(lite(l by himself
of anti-slayery, peace, temperance, and
other reforms. .Among his numerous book
are "Sparks from the .Anvil" (1t;413) and
"Lectures and .Addresses" (18,0). Dietl.
New Britain. Conn., 9 :\Ial'., 1S,9.
BURROUGHS, John, b. Hoxbury, :X,
Y., 13 April, l
;n. His father was a farmer
of English descent. The son grew up on the
farm and received a commOlH.;chool edu-
cation. At the age of seventeen he removed
to Oli,-e, in Ulster county, where he taught
school for sp,-eral years. In Hma rcceiwd
an appointment in the treasury department
at \r ashington, and afterward became chief
of the organization di\""Í:,
ion in the bureau of
national hanks. Leaying "'ashington in
IS72, he was made receÏ\"er of a uank at
Middletown, KY., awl the following year
settled permanently at 'Vest Park on the
Hudson. UntiI1
t>4 he occasionally acted
as IT. ::-:;. national-bank examiner, but other-
wise was mainly occupied "ith literature
and with the supervision of his fruit-farm
at \V cst Park. IIis first article was pub-
lished in the .. Atlantic )Ionthlv .. for 18GO.
To this magazine and to the ,. èentury " he
contrihute(l numerous papers afterward
gatherefl in his books. lli:-; first published
\olume related to 'Valt 'Vhitman, of whom
he became an enthusiastic admirer, and bore
the title .. Notes on 'VftIt Whitman, as Poet
and P('rson " (lRGì). This was followetl bv
"Wake Robin ,. (1
j1), "\Vinter::;unshine;'
(IS,:}), .. Birds and Poets " (1137.), ., Locusts
atHl WillI Honey" (18.D). "Pepacton" (1881),
.. Presh Fields " (181-34), .. Signs and ::;easons"
(188G), and" Iwloor Studies ., (I
R!)).
BUSHNELL, Frances Louisa, b. TIart-
ford, Conn.. 1:-;-, Daughter of Horace
Bu:-:hndl. ::-:;he reeeÏ\"etl her education at
Hartford, which city became her penna-
nent residence.
t contrihutor of poptr.'" t ()
the .. Atlantic :\Ionthly" and other leading
mag-azi nes.
BUSHNELL, Horace, Úivine, b. Kew
Pre
ton, Conn.. 1-1 April, 1
02. Gr
tlluatetl
at Yale. Entered the Congregationalmin-
istry, ha,-ing a pa:-:torate at Hartford, ('onn.,
.from 18:33 until hi,; resignation in IS.")r!.
Author of" God in Christ" (184D), .. Chri
t
in Theology" (18;)1), .. \\
ork and Play," a
collection of addres
es(18G4), and" \Yomun
Suffrage, the Hcform agllinst Xatnre"
(18Gf)). Died, Hartford, Conn., 17 Feb.,
187G.
Butler,Benjamin Franklin [NoledS((!f-
Ùlg: Yol. VII.. page 1!1::n lawyer, h. 1>cer-
field, N. H., G Kov., 1818. Served U:3 major-
general in the rnion army. :-;ubsequcntIy
U. S. representative from )Iassachusetts
and governor of the same state.
BUTLER, William Allen, htw
"('r, h.
Aluany, N. Y., 201!'eb., It>25. Graduatetlat
the uniyersityof Xew York, and attained
reputation in his profession. .A resident
of N f'W York and vicinity. .. X othin rr to
\
T ear," a metrical satire on society. wa:-: pub-
lIshed anonymou
lr in .. Harper's \Veekly,"
18.";7, awl afterward as a ,"olume. gaining a
wide circulation. Some of his more serious
work appeared in a collection of " Poems"
(1871). ..Also published two nowls and sey-
erallegal and biographicfll ,\ ol'k
.
. BUT'1.'ERWORTH, lIezekiah, journal-
Ist, b. "arren, R. 1., 22 Dec., 18;39. "Tas
educated at the common schools. and spent
some years travelling in .Europe. Became
assisbmt editor of the Boston .. Y outh's
Companion" in 18i1. Besides the popular
"Zig-Zllg Journeys" (187G-90) foJ' children,
is the author of .. Poems for Christmas,
Ea
ter, and K ew Year's ., (18813), antI of 5e'"-
eral cantatas.
BYFIELD, Nathaniel, jurist, b., it is
said, Long Ditten,
urrey, England. Emi-
grated to Boston, IG74, amI was one of the
first settlers of Bristol, R. 1., where he be-
came a leaùing mere'hant and served as
judge of the court of common pleas for
thirty-eight years. lIe 1'e111O\-ell to Boston
in 1724 and held :-imilar office in that city.
His" Accountof the Late Hevolutionin xèw
England" was published at London in lG89.
It describes the deposition of GOY. Edmund
.AlHlro
. Died, Boston, Mass., (; June, l'ì33.
BYLES, Mather, clergyman, b. Boston,
:Mass., 2G 1\1ar.. l'ìOG. A (le
cendant of Rich-
ard l\lather and John Cotton. Graduated at
Harvard. Became pastor of the Hollis
treet
churc.h at Roston in 1733. Hetaincd his pas-
tOt'ate until 17.G, when the connection was
dissoh ed by his congregation on nCCOlI/lt of
his outspoken loyalty to the hing, although
he had uvoided the :-ubjed of polilic
in his
pulpit. The following y('ar he \\""lIS arres1e(1
and sentenced to bani
hment as nn ('nem\' of
the eountn-. but wns finull\' relt'ased. ;llld
spent the remainder of his life in retirement
at Bo:-:ton. \Vhile note(l a
a pulpit orat(\r,
he is chiefly remembered for his poetry and
wit. Many of his quips amI humorous
ay-
ings arc still preservel1. "Poems on Sen.ral
Oeca:-:ions" appeared in l'ì:m. and wn:-: pre-
ceded and followed hy a numher of s('pa-
rately printed poems. Sevcral of his Sl'rllJOnS
were al,-o published. Died. Boston. )Iass.. 5
Jul\'. l-;t-:t-:.
BYNNER, Edwin Lassetter, lawyer. b.
Brooklyn,
. Y., 5 Aug., It;42. Gr
l<luated
at the Han-anllaw s('hool. \\ras admitted
to the har at \V or('e
ter. l\Itts
., and prac-
tised at St. Louis. Xew York ('it,\", atHl j
os-
ton, where in lH86 he gay(' up his profc
sion
for literature. Somc of his novels are
..
lmport" (1S77), .. Pcnelope's Suitors"
(1884), .. Agnes Surriage "(lHH()), and" The
Begum's Daughtt'r" (ltìBO).
BYRD, Coi. William, founder of Hich-
CABLE-CALHOUN.
487
mond and Peter!'hurg, Va., b. 'Yestoyer,
Va., 16 )lar., 1(;i4. \\'a!' educated in Eng--
land under the care of Sir Robert Southwell,
and also studied in the I.1oW ('ountric
. 'Vas
calle!l to the bar in the )liddle templp. Re-
turning to Virginia, he !'uceeeded to his
father's large estate and to the latter':-; posi-
tion as receiwr-general of the colony. Sen-ed
as a memher of the colony's council for
thirt
'-se'"en years, amI finålly became its
presiden t. 'Vas noted for his wit and learn-
ing. and gatherell at the family f'eat of
.. \\
estO\-er" the large
t library in Virginia.
A manuscript yolume of his writings, kno\\ n
as the .. Byrd )Ianuf'cripts," has been twice
printed: once partially in 1t>-!l, amI again
in 18(j(j completely unller the title" History
of the Di,'iding Line. and Other Tracts,
from the Papers of 'Villiam Byrd." The
title piece is a lively and entertaining ac-
count of the experiences of the commission
appointed to sun-ey the didding line be-
tween the colonies of Virginia. amI Xorth
Carolina. of which commission ColOlwl Bynl
was a member. The colonel, as his epitåph
indicates, was" the constant enemy of all
exorbitant power anll a heart
T frien
l to the
liberties of his country." He enconragell
emigration to the colonies in e'"ery way, and
took lUuch pains to ùeyelop their mining
interestf'. Dic!l, 'Y cstm'er, Ya., 2(j Aug.,
1 i -1...1.
CABLE, George Washington, h. X ew
Orleans, La., 12 Uct., 11344. Of Virginia
des('ent on his father's sÙlp. Thc failure
and death of his fat her necessitated the son's
leadng- school when fourteen, and taking a
po!'ition as clerk, which he }wld for severnl
years. In L"(j:} he joined the Confederate
army, amI sened in the 4th )lis
issippi Cav-
aIry. Heturne!L to X ew Orleans at the dose
of "the war and. aftpr C'ngaging in various
occupations, studietl ci,'il-engineering and
joined a state Hu'veying expcdition for rc-
storing the leyees of the .Atehafalaya ri,-er.
Ila,"ing contracte!l malarial fe,-el', he ap-
plie(l himself during a long con ntlescenee
to studies of IJouisian:t life awl character,
which were afterward utilized in his writ-
ings. Ocea!'ional contributions to the Xew
(h:leans .. Pieayune," O\-er the f'ignature
" Drop-Shot," led to an editorial connection
with that. paper, whieh was hrought to a
eIo!'e hy hi
refusal. on religious grounds, to
attend aIllI ('ritieise a theatrieal perform-
ancc. He then became a("eountant for a
large firm of cotton fadm's at. Xpw Orlean!',
hol, ling the po!'ition until thp death of the
he:ul of the hOllSl' in IS7!). )[eanwhile his
stories of Creole life in the magazines hall
hroug-ht him reputation. awl he now adopted
literature as It profession. Hemm'e!l to Sims-
bun'. ('onu., in 1SS:;. Hnd the following year
to Xorthampt.on, ;\1 as:'. Hdorms of con-
tract-labor in Southern prisons and plans
for the amelioration of the colored race re-
ceived mueh attention from him. Author
of "Old Creole Days" (IHi9-83), "The
Grandissimes" (1
0), .. )lmlame Del-
phine" (11381), .. Dr. Sevier" (1
:
), .. The
Creole:-; of Louisiana" (1St>-1), .. The Silent
South ", (1t\
.)), .. Bonaventure" (1H
),.
.. Strange True Stories of Louisiana ., (1
t>9),
.. The Xegro Question ., (L
UO). amI .. Life
of'Viiliam Gilmore Simms ., (lH!lO).
CABOT, James Elliot, b. Boston,
)[ass., IS June, 1t'21. lir:Hlunted at lIar-
yar!l. A residcnt of Boston and vicinity,
aIllI was, with Emerson and others, n nwm-
bel' of the Saturda.y amI AdiroIlllac clubs
in old" Dial" days: 'Vas requested by rela-
tives of Mr. Emerson to assist him in ex-
mnining his corref'poIHlence and papers with
a view to the preparation of an authorized
memoir, This was written bv 1\11'. Cauot
and pulJlished in 18
7 as "À 'Memoir of"
Halph \V aIllo Emerson." Has abo contrib-
ute!l papel's to the .. .Atlantic )Ionthly"
and other magazines.
CALEF, Robert, merchant, h. probHbly
in England, about 1(;4S. Hecpnt inwstiga-
tions by the Hon. _\rthur B. Cald, of )Iid-
dletown, Conn., han' confinne!l earlier
statemcnts that the aut.hor of .. ){ore 'V on-
del's of the In\"Ï:sible WorM" (1700) was
Robert Calef thc elder, amI not his son
Hobert who died in 1 ;2
. The father is first
heard of in Boston,
Iass., where his seventh
child was born in 1 (jtìtì. From papers of
Calef on recorù it is certain thHt some of his
older children "ere horn in Great Britain.
lIe was 11 const:1hle at Boston in Xew Eng-
land as early H!' 1 ;!I
, heing recorded as' a
taxpayer the year pre\""ious. III' filled the
positions of
uneyor of highways in Hi97,
of clerk of the market in l(jUK, of o,-erseer of
the poorin 1 iO
-4, and of assessor inl iOfi-7,
declining:1 reëlection in the latter ca
e. In
1 i07 he pUl"('ha
ed laIHI in Ho-..::lmry, now a
part of Boston, awl rl'
iùed there until hi
death, at which time he was a "electman of
the former pIH(.e. It i-; hplipH'11 that his
hnsiness was that of It .. dot hier" or manu-
facturer of an(L dealer in cloth. His hook
was the final hlow to the \\ itl'hcmft ùehl!'ioll
in Xew EndaIHl. Hn!l although thp )Iather
and their friend..; puhlished a rdntation of
it amI !lisparaged the author in e, ery way,
he !'cems to ha\'e gairlf'tl his point. In tho
wor!IsofJndgeCalef. .. L thinkittheimpar-
tial judgment of un who hn,-e cardnllv re
ul
what Holu.rt Calef has writ/pn that he wa
It man of fail' ('!Ineation aIHI of eonsidl'rahlv
"ide re:\(ling for his time, that he pos
e5sp;1
a logical miwl, Hwl that hl' HlTangptl his
facts amL C'onclusions
o (.ompaf'tlv that it
\Hts diflieult to nssault them." Died Rox-
bury.
JH";";.. 1:l
\pri1. 1 iI!). '
CALHOUN, John Caldwell,
tate
man,
b.
\.bbe\""llle di:-triet, S. C., 1;:; )Iar., lit;2.
488
CALLESDER-C.ARP E..LYTER.
He was of Irish descent. Graduated at Y nle.
Studied law at Litehfield. Conn., and began
practice in South Carolina, It\07. A mem-
her of his state legislature, It;O
10. and of
the U. S. house of representatiws from 1811
to 181 Î. In 1817 he was appointed secretary
of war by President .Monroe, holding the
office until his election (1824) as vice-presi-
dent under J. Q. Adams. Was reëlected to
the vice-presidency, but rcsignell thi.;; office
in 1831 to serve in the U.
. senate. Re-
tired from that body in 1843, nml was secre-
tarv of state under President Tvler, 1844-5.
Re
ntered the senate, 1 ti4.;, reniaining ur til
his death. lIe advoeatell the war of 1ti12,
and supported the estahlishment of the
United States bank and the tariff of 1816,
while in congress. .As secretary of war he
institnted many reforms in his department,
and favored the :\Iissouri COlli promise.
\rhile vice-president, ha,-ing become an ad-
vocate of frf'e-trade, he brought forward the
doctrine of nullification in opposition to the
tariff of 1828. The exposition of this doc-
trine by Rohert Y. Hayne led to the famous
debate with \Vebster. As senntor, Calhoun
was the acknowledged champion of state-
rights and slavery, His collected" \Y orks"
were published, 18.;1-4, Died, \Vashington,
D. C., 31 )Iar.. 1ti:;0.
CALLENDER, John, clergyman, b.
Boston, :\Iass., 170(j. Graduated at Har-
vard. Presided owr the first Baptist church
of Rhode Island at X ewport from 1731 until
his death. Published .. A Centennial Dis-
course on the Civil and Heligious Affairs of
the Colony of Rhode Island" (1739) and
several sermons, besides making It valuable
colleetion of papers relating to the history
of the Baptists in ..America. Dieù (interred
at Kewport. R. 1.),2(; .Jan.. 1748.
CALVERT, George Henry, b. Balti-
more,
Id., 2 Jan., 11::;0;3. Great-grmulson
of I
ord Baltimore. Graduated at lIarvard.
Edited the Baltimore "American" for a
few years.
ettled at Xewport, R. 1., 1843.
Besilles translations from the German, he
puhli
hed ., Scenes allll Thoughts in Eu-
rope" (1846-32), .. Joan of Arc" (1860),
"The Gentleman" (18(;3). "Anyta, anù
Other Poems" (18(;:3), .. (ioethe, his Life and
'V orks" (1872). and "E:,;say:,; ..lE
thetical"
(1875). Died,
ewport. H. I., 2!J :\Iay, 1889.
CAREY, Henry Charles, poli tieal econ-
omist, h. Philadelphia, Penn.. 1.; Dec., 1793.
Succeeded his father, :\Iathew Carev, as
publi:,;her, 1t;21, retiring in 18:38. Was èhief-
lyoccupied thereafter with writing works
on politieal economy. Some of his books
are" The Principles of Political Economy"
(1837-40). .. Letters on International Copy-
right" (lR.;;
), "Principle:,; vf :O;oeial Sci-
ence ., (1
:;H), anll a volume of ":\Iiscella-
neous Works" (tRHtI). Died, Philadelphia,
Penn., 1a Oct., 18.0.
CAREY, Mathew, publisher, b. Dub-
lin, Ireland, 28 Jan., 17(;0. Having been
imp,'isoned by parliament for agitating the
Irish cause in his paper, the " Volunteer's
Journal," he emigrated to Philadt'lphia in
17
-t Entered the publishing business in
1.U!. Of his many political anll economi-
cal writing
, the best known was his" Olhe
Branch" (11::;14), an attempt to harmonize
eÜ"ting parties during the war of 1t;12.
Died, Philadelphia, Penn., IG S
.ï-t., 1
:3!).
CARLETON, Henry Guy, b. Fort
Cnion, Kl'w Mexico, 21 June, 1855. Edu-
cated by the Jesuits of Snnta Clam college,
Ca1. Sen-ed as 2d lieutenant in the 8th U.
S. cavalry, 1873-{i, heing assigned to Indian
en-iee in X ew :\Iexico and Texas. After-
ward held ellitorial T!o
itions on journals in
K ew Orleans and ).; ew York city. Author
of several plays, mnong them "
Iemnon, a
Tragedy" (18!:H), purchased by John l\Ic-
('ullough, who died before its production,
.. Yictor Durand" (produced 1884), and
" The Pembertons "(produced 1890).
CARLETON, Will, b. Hudson, Lena-
wee Co., l\Iich., 21 Oct., 1845. Graduated
at lIillsdale college. Engaged in journal-
i:,;m at Chicago and Hillsdale, and subse-
quently gave lectures and readings through-
out the United States, making his home at
Brooklyn, K. Y. His poems of domestic
}'ffe have been widely popular. Author of
" Farm Ballads "(1873), "Farm Legends"
(1873), ., (,ity Ballads" (1885), and "City
Legends " (1
89).
CARNEGIE, Andrew, iron-master, b.
Dunfermlille, ScotIarlll, 25 XO,"., 1835. His
family came to .America in 1845, and settled
at Pittsburgh, Penn. When twelve years
old he began work as a telegraph-messen-
ger, becoming an operator, and later man-
l1ger of the telegraph lines in the Pennsyl-
vania railroad office at Pittsburgh. lIe was
soon promoted to he superintendent of tho
Pittshurgh division of the Pennsylvania
railroad, and successful ventures with
Woodruff, inYentor of the sleeping-car, and
in the oil-field
, were followcd bv the estab-
lishment of u rolling-mill. Mr. Cårnegie's in-
tere::<t in steel aud iron industrips expanded
until he controlled a system including nino
estnbli
hment::; anll representing a capital of
$20,000,000. Privately printed accounts of
his travel:,; were rewritten aUlI published as
" An
\ll1eric
lIl Four-in-Hand in Britain"
(1883) and "Round the W orId" (11::)84).
The popular" Triumphant Democracy, or
Fifty Years' )J arch of the Republic," ap-
peared in 188li. 1\11'. Carnegie has given
large sums for the founding of free libraries
in the United States anù Scotland.
CARPENTER, Amelia Walstien
rJolls], b. St('phentown, Hensselaer Co., :N,
V., 2:1 Feb.. 1840. Graduated at Columbia
institute, Old Chatham, X. Y. \Vas mar-
CARP E_VTER-CHAD WICK.
489
ried to Cromwell A. Carpenter, amI re-
mowd to Kalamazoo. :\lich. After her hus-
band's death resided in her native town.
.A contrÏlmtor of verse awl fiction to the
magazines.
CARPENTER, Esther Bemon, b,
\Vakefield, R. I.. 18-. Studied at St.
::\1ary's hall, Burlington. X. J. Chiefly a
resident of \Vakefiehl. Besiùes writing for
the magazines. publi
hed" The Hug-uenot
Influence in Rhode Island" and .. South-
County Xeighbors " (lRRj).
CARPENTER, Henry Bernard, cler-
gyman, b, Dublin, Ireland, 22
\pril. 1840.
Graùuatell at Oxford. Taught at Enniskil-
len. Irelanll, andsubsequentIy was ordained
and appoinÌl>ll chaplain to the Earl of Bel-
more. ('ame to the G nited States in 1874.
\Vas pastor of the [[ollis shw't church at
Boston, )1a88., from 187t! to 188i, when he
resigned. and left the ministr.\', on the sale
{)f the church property. Author of "Libel'
Amoris, an Epic l{omaunt ,. (1886), and of
uncollected poems in the magazines.
CARRYL, Charles Edward, broker, b.
Kew York, X. Y., :30 Dec., 1841. Was an
officer and director 1Il various railway com-
panies from 181j:J to 1tì7
, and became a
member of the Xf'W York stock exchange in
18,-1. Published" Davy and the Goblin"
(lHH.;).
CARTER, Robert, journalist, b. Al-
banv, X. Y., 5 Feb., 1819. Removed to
Boston. 11ass., in 1841, anù with J. R.
Lowell IJegan the publication of a maga-
zine, which soon fuilcd. .T oined the Free-soil
party in 18-18, and in tt,.j4 called together
the first Hepublican con \""ention at \V orces-
tel', :\Iass. Was at diffl:'rent times ellitor of
the Rochestel', X. Y., .. Democrat ., awl of
"Appleton'5' Journal." Besides much work
()n the "American Cyclopædia." he wmte
" A Summer Cruise on the ('oast of Xew
.England ., (1864). Died, Cambridge. ':\[u
s.,
15 Feb., 1879.
CARY, Alice, b. ::\liami Yalle\"". near
Cincinnati, 0..
O April, ltì20. Stu;lied at
home with her si
ter Phæbe, and when
eighteen ycar
old beg-an writing poems and
sketches for the pre:>s. The Carv sisters re-
moved to X ow York city in 18:)
, where
they afterward chiefly re
idcd. returning
{)ccasionally tn theil' early farm-home. For
some
'ears they hell 1 weekly reeeptions in
Xew York which were attellilcil bv many
leading ar
istic and literary people. "In 1H:>O
they pubhshed a yolume of '0 Poems by
Alice aurl Phæhe CarL" This was followed
on Alice's pnrt hy twõ series of prose :-ketch-
e s , .. Clovernook. or Hecolleetions of our
Xeighhorhood in the We
t" (18.11-3), and
by "Hagar. a Story of To-,lay" (1H.;
),
.. Lyra, and Othel' Poems" (It\.;;{). 0, :\Iar-
rietl, not :\latell" (1 H:)()). "Pietures of
Country Life" (It'.;!J), .. Ballad
, Lyrics and
IIymns" (1866), "The nishop's Son" (lR6'ì),
and '0 The Lover's Diary," poems (1867).
Died, X ew York. X. Y., 12 Feb., 11;'j1.
CASS, Lewis, statesman. b. Exeter,
,
II., 9 Oct., 17t;2. Began to practise law at
Zanesville, Ohio. in 180:3. \Vas elected to
t:1e Ohio le!!i
lature, served in the war of
1H12, and w
governor of 3lichigan, 1813-
31. Uesigned the office to uecome
el'retary
of war under President Jack
on. 'Vas L'".
S. minister to France, 18:36-42, and filled
three terms as U. S. senator from 3Iichi-
gall. A supporter of the compromise of
18:>0, but fa,"orpd the L nion cause in the
civil war. Puhlished 0' France, its King,
Court, and Government" (1840). Died, De-
troit, )lich., 17 June, 18(j6.
CATHERWOOD, Mary [Hartwell],
b. Luray, 0., 16 Dec., 1847, Graùuatell at
the Gram"ille, 0., female college. Was
married, 1H'j7, to James S. Catherwood, and
subsequently lived at noo
eston, Ill.
\u-
thoI' of O. ('ra(lue-o'-doom' (1881), ,. The
Homance of Dollard" (18t;9), and "The
Story of Tonty" (It!!)(I).
CATLIN, George, painter, b. \Vilkes-
harrp, PI'nn., 1796. After practising- law in
Connectil'ut, removed to Philadelphia and
became a painter. From 18:J2 to l
;
!1 he
travelletl Hlnong the American Indians, of
whom he made nearly five hundred portraits.
The rest of his life was chiefly spent in Eu-
rope. Publi
hell 0' Illustrations of the )[an-
ners, etc., of the Xorth American Indians"
(18-11), Died, Jersey City, X. J., 23 Dee.,
11'172.
CA V AZZA, Elisabeth [,J ones], h. Port-
land, 1Ie., 18-. DaughteroI Charles Jones,
a merchant of that city. ""as married,
H oì 8.;, to Xino ('avazza, son of Professor Ca-
yazza, of the Roval academv at :\1odena,
Italv, and member of a noble familv. A
resiilent of Portland, and after her' h115-
hand's deat h a eon
tant writpr of verse, fic-
tion, and criticism for the magazines and
new:-:papprs.
CA WEIN, Madison Julius, h. Louis-
yille. Ky., 2:
::\Iar.. 1jo1.t):>. Graduated at the
Loui,.;viÏle high school. ailil beeame aecount-
ant in a bu
iness office of the
ame city.
Author of :-everal yolunws of "er
e. incluil-
ing ,. Blooms of the Berry" (1
H7), ,0 The
Triumph of )Iu
ic" (1888), .. Accolon of
Gaul. with Other Poems" (1
8!)), "Lnics
atHI [Ilvls" (l
!IO). .
CHÄDWICK, John White, ('lergyman,
b. :\Iarhlehcacl.
\Ia
., I!) Oet., l
-tO. Gmd-
l1ated at the IIurnu'd dh initv sehool. and
heeamo pa,..tor of a enitarÜin chureh in
ßrooklm. X Y.. in 1864. His :-ermons, of a
hroadl
' liberal type, hl1\"e gained him rcpu-
tation as a pr('acher. Author of .. A Book
of Poems" 08';\)), "The Fuith of Heuson "
(1
7!)), "The :Man Jes\l:;" (1881), and" In
Xuzareth Town," poem:; (18t;3).
490
CHALKLEY-CHASE.
CHALKLEY, Thomas, Quaker preach-
er. b. London, England,
Mar., 167.3.
First visited America in Hj!)8, where he
spent a year in travelling RnL
preaching.
.Afterwarù settled his family in Philadel-
phia, awl maùe many journeys anll voyages
thence in the pursuit of his vocation. "_\
Journal of the Life, Labour:':, Tm\"eb, etc.,
of Thomas Chalkley" (1749) contains also
ewral of his trads. Dicù, Tortola, Friendly
Islands, 4 :-;ept., 1';4-.
CHANLER, Amélie [Rives], h. Rich-
mond, Ya., 23 Aug., 18(j3. Grand-daughter
of ::;enatur \Villiam C. Riws of Virginia.
"-as married, 18t)8, to John Armstrong
(,hanler, of X ew York citv. Author of .. A
Brothel' to Dragons, ami Other Ohl-Time
Tales" (18
t)), .. The Quick or the Deaù?"
(1
t't'). "Virginia of Virginia" (1888),
.. Herod and )lariamne" (1t>S9), and other
novel:, and poems.
CHANNING, Edward TyrreJ, educa-
tor, b. Xewport. R. I., 1
Dec.. 1,90.
Brother of the sneceelling. ::;tudied at Har-
vard. Editeù the "Xorth American Re-
view," to which he contributed freely, 1818-
19. ßnd was Boylston professor of rhetorie at
Ilarvarù from 18t!) to 18.31. IIis" Lectures
reaù to the ::;el1iors of IIarvanl College"
(18.")(j) were brought out posthumously.
Dieù, Cambridge, :\[as:,:., 8 Peb., 1856.
CHANNING, William Ellery, ùivine,
b. Xewport, H. I., 7
\pril, 1 ì!jO. His futlwr
was for many years uttol'Ill'y-general of
Rhode Island. anù his maternal grandfather
was "
mialll Ellery, u signer of the Dee-
Inration of Inùepemlence. As a child he
"as hrought und{'r the influence of Dr.
Samuel lÌopkins and Ezm Stiles, buth at
that timt clergymen in K ewport. Gral1u-
ated at Harvard with the highest honor
;
then becanw private tutor in a family at
Richmond, Ya., where he remaineù for
two years. Returned to X ewport in 1:-.00
with impaired health, whidl followed him
throu
h lif{', and de,-oteù himself to theol-
ogv. His studies were continued at Cam-
bÌ'ldge, and in 1t;Oa he was orllained pastor
of the Federal street Congregational church
in Ho
ton. IIis pastorate continued until his
retirement in 1840. although an as:,ociate
was provided in t
-1. His reputation as ß
preacher soon increased his con
regation,
necessitating thc huilùing of a ]argN' church
in 1
O!l. Six. wars later he was acti, e in the
lib{'ral Congrègational movement ",hieh de-
Y{'loped into Lnitariani
m, and became it,;
Rl'knowl"ùgeI1 leader. His sermon on the
Unitarian h{'lil'f, prea(;hell ßt the ordina-
tion of .Jared ::;parks in Baltimore, 1St!), at-
traded \\ iùe attention anll elieiteù manv
replies from Trinitarian writers. Dr. (,han-
ning wa,;; ùeeply intere:;ted in aU social re-
fOl'm:-ò. lIe preaehell several notahle sermons
against war, anù laboreù to promote the
cause of temlwmncp. His f1l1dress on self-
culture at Bo
ton, 1
3
. and his course of
lectures on thp elevation of the laboring
classes, in 1
40, among many other ùis-
courses on the subject of ellucation, were
not without etIeet. :-;111. wrv reeci n
d his
earlv attention, and he w
is led to more
earliest opposition by a sojOlll'B at the
island of Santa Cruz in 1880. He addr('s
ed
a meeting of aholitiolli
ts at Faneuil hall in
183ì. Of sewr:!l works on tlw subject, that
entitled "Slavery" (18-H) gained the wIdest
circulation. A member of the Bo
ton
-\.n-
thology club, he contribut('d to se,-eral of
the periollicals edited by his fellow mem-
bers, particularly the "
orth Ameriean He-
yicw" anù "Chri
tian Exmniner:' In the
latter were publishell (18:W-9) his" Renmrks
on the Character aUlI \\'ritings of John l\lil-
ton, " his articles on Bonaparte, and thllt on
Fenélon. The first e.oU{'cth"e edition of his
works was mad{', 1t;.!1. and jn 1848 appeared
.. ::\Iemoir of William EU{'ry Channing, "edi-
ted Ly his nephew and eOBtaining selections
from his correspondence. Died, Benning-
ton. Yt., 2 Oe1.. 1
-t2.
CHANNING, William :Ellery, 2d, b.
Roston, ::\Iass., 10 June, Hn
.
\ nephew of
William Ellery Channing. Studied at IIar-
vanl, not remnining to graùuate.
\fter
1842 resiùel1 in Concord. ::\Ia
:,.. with hrief
interval::> of {'ùitorial work at X ew York city
aJlI1 Kew Bedford,
[a:,
. lIe married a sÍ:<-
tel' of l\largaret Fuller lh3:<oli. Author of
"Pocms" (1t34i3 and 11)4i). .. The WOOù-
man" (1849), "X ear Home" (tI.::i':;t;), .. The
'Vanùerer" (18';2), all in vcr
{', and of
.. ('onnr:,ntions in Home" (It;47) anù
"Thoreau: the Poet-Xatura1i
t" (1
ìa).
CHANNING, William Henry, elergy-
man, h. Bo
ton, ::\Ia
:':.. 2.J ::\lay, unu. A
nephew of \Villiam Ellery Channing, allll
cousin of 'V. E. C., 2d. GradmLÌel1 at Har-
vant \V as pa
tor of senoral r nitnrian
ehurehes ill .Ameriea anl1
uh
equently of
Hope street ehapel in Liwrpool, .England.
\Vas chaplain of the 1., s.
ellate for two
years ùuring the ci,-il war. Edited" Me-
moir of William .Ell{'ry Channing" (1848),
anù was associatel1 with Emerson and James
Freeman Clarke in pn'parillg' the .. .Memoirs
of )[argar{'L Fuller O:,soli" (1
.")2). Dieù,
London, England, 2
1>ec., 11)84.
CHASE, Philander, divine, b. Cornish,
X. lI., 14 Dec., 1.7.). Graduated at Dart-
mouth. \Vas ordainell in 17\)9. anù after mis-
:-ionary labor:,; in we:stern X e\\ York anti
Loui
iana
ettlell at Hartforù. Conn. In 1817
hegan mi
sionary work ill Ohio. Was made
bishop of Ohio, 1
19. Hesigning in 1P31, he
was four years lat{'r made bishop of Illinois.
Founded t,\,O colleges and a theological
seminarv with fumb rai:--ed by himself.
Puhlbh('d hi
., Hemini:-eenees" (1848).
Dieù, Peoria, Ill., 2U ::;l'pt., 1
;j2.
CHASE-CIlR1STY.
191
CHASE, Salmon Portland, statesman,
h. Cornish, X. H., 113 Jan.. 180
. Kephewof
Philander Cha:o:e. G raduate"d at Dartmouth,
entered the Imr ami practi:o:ed at Cincinnati.
defending many notable cases again:o:t fug-i-
tÏ\-e ::,lans and those who aided them. \Yas
elected to the L :-;. senate as an abolitionist
1,," II coalition vote of Democrats and Free-
:o:òilers. Itj4!). Elected govcrnor of Ohio,
1
:):). \Ya<:. appointed :o:ecretary of the trea
-
ury h
" Pre;:ident Linco]n. 181i1. re
igning
the office in 18(j.t, awl being appointed chief
justice of the L niteù States the same year.
In the latter capacity he afterward presided
at the impeachment of Pre:o:ident Johnson.
1
(j8. Did notahle sen-ice to the government
anù tht' Union by his vigorous financial pol-
icy during the war, in the issue of .. green-
back:o: "anù bv other measures to sustain the
struggle. Coin piled a summary of the la\\'s
of Ohio, \\ ith n hi
torical sketch of the
state (;3 yols., 1S:-J2). Died, Xew Y urk, X. Y.,
'ì )lay. 187a.
CHAUNCY, Charles, clergyman, U.
Boston, .1\la::,s., 1 .1 an" 1711."). Cheat-grand-
son of {,hurles Chaune'y, the seeond presi-
dent of Harnm1. tira(luated t]I('r('. aIllI be-
came pa
tor of the fir:,;t chnreh (If Bn
t()n in
1727, l'ptuining the conneetion until his
death, a period of
ixty year
. "-as noted
as an opponent of the methuds of \Vhite-
field and other re\"i\"ulisb. awl publi
hed
several work.; directed llgain:,;t them, ehief
of whieh is" Sea
onaLle Thoughts on the
State of HeIigion in Xew-Engla1HI" (17-!:3).
\Vhile preparing this volume, he tra\-elled
more than three hundred miles for the pur-
pose of consulting the minh.:ters nnd princi-
pal men of numerous Kew England town
.
Besides some sixty :,;ermons he published.
nmong
t others. the following houks: "
\
('omp]et(' Yiewof Episcopacy" (17il), "The
ly
tery II id from the Age
. or the Sal mtion
of .\ll Men" (1 i84), anll .. The Full of )Ian,
find its ('on:-equenees" (17H.")). Ill' \Va:o: a
firm allhpreut to the _-\merican cause in the
Revolution. Pied, Boston, 10 Feb., 1787.
CHEEVER, George Barrell, cle,'gy-
man, b. Hallowell,
I('.. 17 .Apri], ltiOi.
Graduatell at RU\\lloill. Pa
tor of Congre-
gational churches at Salem. :\Ia
., aIHI X ew
York city until 1
70. In Itj:\;) received a
month'simpri
onment for libel. andre
igned
his first pa:--torate. on account of his temper-
ance sketch, .. Deacon Oile..;'s Distillel"\."
puhlished in a Salem paper. E,lite(l the
.. E\"angeli
t" COl' :o:ome year
nfter 11)4;).
.Author uf .. 'I'll(' IIill1>iffif'ultv. with Other
Ii
cellanie
" (184!1), "Guilt of Slaverv, and
{'rime of S]a veholding" (1860) and "many
ot}lt'r hook
.
CHENEY, John Vance, b. firowland,
Li\-ing
ton ('0.. X. Y.. 29 Dl'C'.. 1
4A. (irad-
uaÍl'l1 ut Temple Hill academ
. Geue
eo,
X. Y. After :--e\""eral years of teadling, \\ as
a(lmitted to the har of :\Ias:,achu-:etts aml
praeti
edlawut XewYorkcity. Hemm"edto
San Franci
('O. CaI., 18jfi, where he became
librarian of the Free Public lihrarv. IH87.
Author of .. The Old 1>o('tor'" (188.')),
"Thistle-Drift.'. poems (18t$i), "Wood-
Blooms." poem
(ISH:;), ,In(l a volume of es-
:-avs.
CHILD, Francis James, educator, h.
Bostun, :\la88., 1 .Feb., IH:2:). Graduated at
lIan-ard : connected with that in
titution
as in
truct(\r and profe
or sinee his gradu-
ation. hlt\-ing' held the l'hair
of rhetoric and
Englbh literature. Supl'rÜ"ed the publica-
tion of an .American edition of the British
poets. for which he edited the works of
Spenser unll made his colledion of .. Eng-
li:-h and Scotti
h Ballads ,. (lH.")7-8). .A re-
,i
ed f'dition of the" Ballads" appeared in
18
(j-!)O. with many chunges and additions.
CHILD, LydiaMariaLFrancis], b. :\Ied-
fonl, )la
., 11 Feh., IH02. Commenced to
write stories early in life, her first nonl,
.. IIuhomok," uppearing in 18:? 1. Estab-
lished and edited the .. Juvenile )Ii
cel-
lany," 1
:?G-i34. "-as married, 1
28, to Da-
vid L. Child. Published tho first anti-sla-
very book in Ameriea, ".An Appeal Col' that
(,la:o:s of Amcricans called .Africans" (1833).
Edited ut X ew York city, in l1-:sociation
\\ ith her hn
band, the .. X
ltioual Anti-S]a-
very Standard" from 18-10 to IH44.
\.ftt'r-
wal:d remuw'd to \\"a\ ]and, )la:,
.. whieh
became her permanent residence. She wa
a prolific writer in the periollieal prl'
. and
Ulnung her TUallY publications are .. The
Rd1eh;, or Bm.ton Befure the Ih'volutioll ..
(18231. .. The
\meriC'an .Frugal I1ou:o:ewiCe"
(182Ð), .. Philothea." a ela
i('al romance
(1t';J.;). .. Th(' Power of Kindne:,;
" (18,')1),
.. Autumnal Leans ., ,18.;0), .. Looking 'ro-
wanl Sunset" (lHG-1), .. The Freedman's
Book" (18(j.")), .. )Iiria, a HGnHlIJee of the
HepuhIie" (1
G7). and ..
\:,;pirations of the
W urld "(l:;'ì
). Died at W ayland, )Ia
s., :.?O
Oet.. 18
1).
CHOATE, Rufus, lawyer, b. E
sex,
)Ia
., 1 Oet., 17m}. Hra<luatf'II at Durt-
mouth. Began the praetiee of l:l\\ at I>an-
H'r
. )Ia
., 1
2:L Hemo\"('(l to t-ialelll. 1
8,
awl was elected e. :-;. repre
l'ntati\"e for two
term:'. )Iade his permanent resi<1ence at
Bo
ton nfter 18:
. :-;ucel'L'(le(1 Panipl Web-
ster as L. S. 5rnator. It<-!I-:). On the (leath
of the lattf'r uCl'anll' the leading' ]n wvcr of
:\la:,;saehusl'tts. IIis eulogy on \\" eh:o:t
r, de-
lin'rell at Dartmouth, 1I't;;
, is the lUo
t no-
ted of his orations. )llIIle fi numlwr of hril-
liant
pee('he
as rt'prf'
entati\ e uIJII senator.
\ colleetion \If his .. \\"riting
" has heen
publbhed (11')02). u]:,:o. .. Ad<lres",e
aUf I Ora-
tion:;" (l
i8), Died. Halifax. X.
., 1:3 J uh-,
IH.;!}. .
Christy, David [Xof{'(/ Sayin,,!: Yol.
\ II., page HI2]. L. Ohio, IHU2.
\uthor of
492
CHURCH-CLAY.
"Cotton is King; or. SI:1yery in the Light of
PolitiC'ul Eeonomy" (lt3:j.;). This work was
republished, 1t;üO, in a volume with pro-sla-
very writings by other men. Xo other facts
concerning this writer have been obtained.
CHURCH, Benjamin, sol(lier, b. Plym-
outh. )[a::-s., 1ü;m. Bre(l to the trade of a
{'arl'<,nter. Resided chiefly in Plymouth
and DuxLur.'.. .Mass., and in Little Comp-
ton, R. I., of which latter plnce he was the
fir::,t settler. "'hile he was laying out his
farJIl t here in June, WI3, the Indian 'warwith
King Philip broke out. in which he at once
took an acti"e alld soon a leading part. His
campaigns ngainst the Inùians were almost
in\""llriaLly successful, anù the war was end-
<'ù by the killing of Philip nnd the eapture of
the latter's chief cnptain, .Annawon, in .Au-
gust and September, W7G. Church after-
warù headeù se"eral expeditions against the
French and Indians in eastern Xe,\' Eng-
land, the last of which, in 1 ì04, was so vig-
orously conducted as to insure peace in that
ùistrict for a number of years. He reached
the grade of colonel in tile colonial forces.
His ,. Entertaining Passages Relating to
Philip's \Var" was dictated to his son in
171!} ana published the following year.
Died, Little Compton. R. 1., 17 Jan., 1718.
CHURCH, Benjamin, physician, b.
Newport, R. 1., 24 .Aug., 1734. Graduated
.at llanaI'd. Early Lemme identifieù with
the Hevolutionary Ìuovement. Extravagant
habits induced him to accept British money,
and while physician-general to the Ameriean
army he was convicted of treason. in 1773,
Rnd sentenced to solitary confinement. Bis
health failing, he was permitted to leave
Boston, and he saile(l in a vessel that was
nenr afterward heard from. "The Times:
a Poem. by an.American" (1'ìG5) appeared as
a IÆmphlet of sixteen pages. Lost at sea,
1ì7û.
CLAP, Roger, colonist, b. Salcomb Re-
gis, Deyonshire, England, G April, 1ü09,
Emigrated to X antasket, Mass., 30
IltY,
lü30, and settled at Dorchester. Captain of
Boston Castle, in Boston harbor, from 1üG5
to 1686. Left in manuscript" :Memoirs of
Capt. Roger Clap," edited and published by
Thomas Prince in 1731. Dieù, Boston,l\[as:;.,
2 Feb., 1(j92.
Clapp, Henry [.Noted Saying: Yol. VII.,
page 1H2], b. Xantucket, l\la:-<s., 11 XOy.,
1
14 (Wm. 'Winter). Founder and editor of
the N. Y," Satnrday Press,"1t358-üO. Died,
.New York, X. Y., 2.April, 1873.
CLARK, James Gowdy, composf'r. b.
Constantia,
. Y., 28JUlW, 1830. Ue!'idedin
central and western Kew York until 11)7ì,
when he remo,"ed to )Iinneapolis, )Iinn.,
and more recentlvtoSan Frandsco. Known
as a composer of hoth the worùs and the
music of many popular songs, ,\'hich he
himself sung Lefore audiences in most of the
states of t hI' L nion. Author of " Poetry and
Song" (I
R(ì).
CLARK, Kate [Upson], h. Camden, Ala.,
22 Feb., 18.")1. Was mnrried to Eawarll P.
Clark, of the
. Y." Enning Post" in 1874,
IJattedya resident of Brooklyn, X. Y. lIas
contributed much prose and verse to the
magazines and periodicals.
9LARK, Willis Gaylord, journalist, b.
OtlSCO, N. Y.. I) Mar., 1810. Entered jour-
nalism in 18HO at Philadell'hin, and owned
undedited the" Gazette" of that city. Con-
tributed to the" Knickerbocker" and other
magazines. IIis twin Lrother, Le\\ is Gay-
lord Clark, published his "Literary He-
mains" (18-14). and the only collection of
Willis Gaylord's poems made during his life
was reis.....ll<,(l in 1t34ì. Died, Philadelphia,
Penn., 12 June, 1841.
CLARKE, Isaac Edwards, lawyer, b,
Deerfield, :Mass., 1 July, 1
(). His family
home was at Northampton. Graduated at
Yale, After several years' residenee in Eu-
rope wns admitted tõ the bar at Frankfort,
Ky. UemO\oing to:S ew York in 1860, he was,
with the exct'ption of a period of service Jur-
ing the warns U. S, provisional mnrshal for
Louisiana, chiefly occupied with his profes-
sion in that city until 1871, after which he
held a confidential position in the Bureau of
Education at \Va
hington. His important
report, "Industrial and High Art Education
in the Cnited States" (Part 1., 18t33) will be
complete in four volumes.
CLARKE, James Freeman, clergyman,
b. Hanover, K. II., 4 April, 1810. Graduat-
ed at Hnrvard. 'Vas pastor of a Unitariun
church at Louisville, Ky., until 1841, when
he established the Church of the Disciplps at
Boston, :\lass., where he preached for the rc-
maimler of his life. The most important of
hi:,; many t hcological works were "Ortho.
doxy: its Truth and Errors" (l
(j(i) and
" Ten Great Religions "(l
71-8a). \Vas as:,;o-
ciated with Emerson and \\'. II. Channing
in the preparntion of the "Memoirs of )Iar-
garet Puller Ossoli" (1
.")2). Died, .Jamaiea
Plain,
lass., 8 June, 1888.
CLAY, Cassius Marcellus, politif'ian, b.
l\Iadi
on Co., Ky., H) OeL, 1
1O. Graduated
at Yale. "'usu member of the Kentucl,y leg-
i:,;lnture for several terms. Endy bee-ame in-
terested in the ant.i-sla,oerv mo,"ement, and
in 1!)-!;") gtarte(] an nnti-slu,'ery paper at I.Jcx-
ington. Ky. Serwd in the :\Icxiean war.
Was C. S. ministerto Hu,;sia, 18li1-a, with
the exception or two years. I1is "Memoirs,
". ritings, and Speeches" were l}uLlished in
188G.
CLAY, Henry, state
l1lan, h. "The
Sla
hes." Hanover Co.. Va., 12 April. 1777.
His father was a Baptist clergyman. lIe was
educated at a country school. and w hpn four-
teen years old secm'cd a clerical position in
the court of ehancery at Richmond. ::Studieù
CLEJ.llE..J.YS-CL rJ.VER.
493
law, wa!' admitted to the bar in 1707, amI re-
llloved to Lexington, Ky., to pmcti
e. \\-as
a member of the Kentucky legblature, It)O::l-
Ü and II)0i-8, and inlt30ü and I
09 filled un-
expired terms in the C. S. senate. .Elected
to the U. S. hou
e of representati,"es from
It311 to It3:!."), ht' was its speaker for the l'ntire
period of his service, with the exception of
one term, Was secretarvof state under Presi-
dent J. Q. .Adams, 1823=-9, and was 1
. S. sen-
ator fmm Kentucky, 1831-42 and It349-3
.
In 1814 he served on the commission which
signed the Ghent treaty with Great Britain.
Kominated for the presidency against Jack-
son in It332 and by the "
hig party in It344,
he was both timesllefeated, but was long the
most popular leader in the 1- nited States. In
congress he headed the agitation for the war
of It312, favored the tariff of 18IG, urged the
Grecian cause and the recognition of South
American republic
, and supported the :\Iis-
souri compromise of 1821. JIe originated the
" American system" of protection and in ter-
nal ÎInpm,'enlCnts. The compromise of 18.")0
wasnlso carried through by his efforts. Sev-
eral ('olleclions of his speeches and letters
have beeu puLlished. Died, ". ashington, D.
C., 2fJ June, It3.j2.
CLEMENS, Samuel Langhorne, " :\Iark
Twain, "b. Florida, :\10., 11:3:3;). Heceived his
education at a dbtrict school in llannibal,
l\Io., amI was apprenticed to a printer of that
place when thirteen
ears old. In 1831, hav-
ing worked at his trade in ,'ariou,> cities of
the G nion, he became a pilot on the :\1 i
sis-
sippi ri ver. Ten years later he removed to
e-
vadaas pl"Ínlte sel"retary to hi:-õ brother, then
secretary of that territory. Engaged in min-
ing mh'entures there awL in California, aIlll
was occupied \\ ith journali:-õm for !'I'veml
yearsinYirginiacity. Xe,-., andinf-\an Fran-
cisco. Yi
ited the Sand wich Island:-õ, 18üG,
find on his return deli \"Cred a series of humor-
ous lcetures in the '" e:-õt. )lueh of his ncws-
paper work Imd been published over the sig-
nature I. :\[ark Twain" (a phrase used in
soundings on the :i\lissis
ippiriver). :i\[r.CI('lll-
ens came to the Ea
tern !'tates in l
üi and
brought out his first volume, " The Jump-
ing Frog, and Ot!wr Sketche:-õ," retaining his
pSelHlonYlll, whidl he wLoptelL permanently.
A visit to Europe alill the Ea
t with It party
of tourists wac;; humorously desl'rihed in his
" Innocents Abroad" (1t31i!11, which rNlched
an enormous sale. This was followell hv
"Roughing It," :-õketchesof life in the "
e;t
(18ì:3), hy "The Gilll"ll Age ,. (1
,3), written
in conjunction with Charles Dudl,'\'"\V arneI'
and succe:-õ:-õfully produ('ed as a Ilràllla (with
John T. Havmond as "Co1. :i\[ulherry Sel-
leI's") the f,)lIowing )"('ar at K ew York city,
and by" Advcnturesof Tom Sawyer" (18iß),
" A Tramp Abroad" (1880), "The Prince
and the Pau per" (188:3), I, Life on the :\f issis-
sippi "(1883), "Ad ventures of II uckleberry
Finn " (1tiS5), and" A Connecticut Yankee
at King .Arthur's Court" (18t3fJ). Of these
"The Prince and the Pauper" has a 150 been
dramatized and produced. Foundeù the
Xew York publishing firm of Charles L.
Webster & (;0., in 1t)8-!.
CLEVELAND, Aaron, clergyman, h.
ITaddalll, Conn., 3 Feb., 1,44. \\-a:-õ for a.
number of years engaged in mercantile pur-
suits at K orwich and Guilford, Conn. Elect-
ed to the Connecticut legislature in 177tl.
Subsequently entered the Congregational
ministry, and was pastor of a church near
Hartford. Published a poem on .. :-;1 a very"
(177;)), a few sermons, and a number of fugi-
th'e poems, 'Yas noted as a wit and preach-
er. Died, Xew Haven, Conn., 21 Sept., 1815.
CLEVELAND, Grover, twenty-second
president of the rnited States, b. Caldwell,
Essex ('0., X, J., 18 :\Iar.. IH:Jì. Great-
grandson of
\.aron Cle, eland, Beceh"cd an
academic education at Clinton, X. Y.. and
was admitted to the bar at Buffalo in 1859.
'Yas mayor of Buffalo, 1882, and governor
of Xew York state, 1883-:'>. From 188;) to
It38Ð was president of the United States. At
the expiration of his term he re;,:umed the
practice of the law in X ew York city.
CLEVELAND, Rose Elizabeth, h.
Fayetteville, N, y" 1841;' Sister of Presi-
<<lent Cleveland, Earlv removed to Holland
Patent, X. Y., where she chiefly re
ided
when not ocC'upie<<l as an educator and lec-
turer at young lallies' seminaries, She was
mi
tn'ss of the executi,-c nHlIlsion at \Ya:;h-
ington, D. C.. from her hl'nther'3 inaugura-
tion as pr(':-ident until his marriag(' in 1881).
.Â.uthorof I 'George Eliot's Poetry, aUlI Other
StUlli('s" (181:).;), awl" The Long Hun," a
nowl (11:)8fì).
CLIFFTON, William, 1J. Phil:ul('lphia,
Pl'nn.,17;:3. Of Quaker parentage. lle !'up-
portell "'ashington's admini
tration with
atiriC'al poems directed again
t the 01'1'0-
IH'nts of Jay's tr('aty, In 1800 appeared
" Poem!'. chi('tly Occasional. hy the late :i\lr.
Climon." Died, Philad('lphia, Penn.. flcc.,
1 ifJ!).
CLINTON, De Witt, state!'man, b. Lit-
tle Britain, Orange Co., :K. Y., 2 :i\lar., 1,(if).
Graduutf'tl at ('olumhia. 'Yas admitted to
t 11(' bar in 1 71-;
, but de,'oted his att('ntion
chiefly to politics. Seneda numhl'rofterms
in the X ew York leg-islature aUlI as mavor
of Xew York city. \\' a:-õ r. s. s('nator, 1
Ò2-
3, li('utenunt-governor of
ew York, lAll-
113, and gOYernor,IHI7-
and 1
:!;)-8. "-us
the unsnec('s:-õful PPllce eallllillat(' for pre
i-
dent in 1812. Instituted mam- reforms in
his city and
tfite. and ('ffectecI tIll' ('onstruc-
tion of the Erie canal. His I, Life and Writ-
ings" was l'ublishell in It34D, Died, Albany,
KY., 11 Feh.. IH2H.
CLYMER. Ella [Dietz], aetress, h. X ew
York, X, Y., 18-. :\Iade her début at
ew
494
OOA l't-CO}fGlJ ON.
York city in 1872. Acted in England "With
succe
from 1t'74 to It:181. when !'he returned
to .America and abandoned the stage on ac-
('ount (If ill-health. A founder of the" Soro-
:-<i:-<" :-<odety, of which
he became pre:-<ident
in lëtm. .\uthor of three volumes of poems,
.. The Triumph of Lo\"e" (187tj), "The Tri-
umph of Time .. (18
4), and" The Triumph
uf Life .. (1
:)),
COAN, Titus Munson, physician, h.
lIilo. Hawaiian Island", 1841. Graduated
at Williams college, Studied medicine in
X ew York city, \\ here he returned to prac-
tise after sen'ing in the U, S. navy during
18G3-5. Contributed e:-<says to the" Galaxy,"
1
üÜ-77.to" Harper's," and to other leading
magazine:-<.
\ut hor of numer(Jus articles on
hygiene, the mineral :-<prings of Europe, eÍ<.'.,
anù of .. Ûunct':-< of Pn"'ention .. (ltjtjJ). Es-
tahlishe(l fit Xt>w Y urk the" Bureau of Ue-
vi:<ion" for the criti<:ism. cditing, and plac-
ing of author:-<' mambcl'ipts.
COFFIN, Charles Carleton, b. Bosclt-
wen.
. II..
(j J ulv. 18
H. :-;tudied cÎ\ il-en-
gineering, but finally entered journalism.
Serwil as fipld-correspondent (" l'arleton '")
for the BOston" Journal" in the cÎ\Til war,
and },eemne a popular lecturer. Author of
,. Days :n)(l Xig-hts on the Battle-l1'ield "
(18ü..Í) " Four 'Years of FiO"htinO" " (18G6)
.. BuiÌding the Xation" (1tj8i3), a
d sewraÌ
other worl,s on similar themes.
COGSWELL, Mason Fitch, physician.
h. Canterbury, Conn., 28 :-;ept.. 17ü1.
Gmduateil at Yale. Became a physidan of
distinction in Hal.tford, ('onn. With others
of the s(J-called .. Hartford "-its" he ('on-
tributed to "The Eeho" (17ü1-G). Died,
Hartford. ('(Jnn., 10 Dec., 18:30.
COLDEN, Cadwallader, colonial gOY-
ernor, h. Ireland, 17 .Feb" 1688. His family
resided at nun:-<e. Scotland. Graduated at
the university of Edinburgh. Emigrated to
Philndelphi:l, Penn,. in 1 j08, and practised
medicine there for ten veal'S, when he re-
mond tu X ew York at' the suggestion of
Governor Hunter, and was appointed to nu-
merom: offices, !'ening as lieutenant-gover-
nor of Xew York from 1761 until his death,
:md seyeral times as acting governor.
Gainecl reputation for seientific innstiga-
tion,:and wa:-<nn active ronlli:;t. .. The Ilis-
tory of the Fi\ e Indian Xations " (1727, en-
larged cd. 1747) was written to correct false
impre
ion
ofthe English goycrnment con-
cerning- the Indians, Colden also published
everal scientific works. Died. Spring I I ill,
near Flu
hing, h I.. X. Y., 21 Sept.. 177(1.
COLEMAN, Benjamin, dergyman, b.
Roston. l\Ia
s., 19 Oct., 1ü7:t Graduated at
Harvard. After preachin
a f('w y('ar
in
Englanù. hecame in l(jf)n pastor of the
Rrattle street church in Bm.ton. 1\Iass., or-
ganized at that time in oppo:;ition to the
Cambridge Platform. Gained reputation as
a preacher, and was active in public affairs.
Author of numerous sermons and several
poems. Some of the latter are found ill his
.. Life and Character" (1749) by E. Turell,
his son-in-law. Died, Bo
ton; .l\Iass., 2ü
\.ug., 1747.
COLES, Abraham, phy!'idtlI1, h. Sc-otch
Plain
, X. J..
(j -Dee., 1tj1:1. Graduated at
J effer:<on medi('nl eollege, Phillulelphia. Ue-
sided lit Xewm'k, X. J.. ttft('r 18i3ü, nml
ub-
sequently at Scotch Plains. Author of
" l>i('s Iræ, in Thirteen Original Yersions"
(183!)), publi5h('d with other translations
liS "Latin Hymns" (18(i!;), and of "The
E\'angel in Y er
e .. (1874) lInLl .. The Light
uf the World" (18R4).
COLLIER, Thomas Stephens, st1iJor, h.
Xe\... York, K. L,4 Xov" 1t<42. Ent('red
the r. S. na\"y a
apprentiee boy, 1837.
Sern'd through tl1f' cÌ\"il "ar, becoming
boatswain in ] 8GG. \Yas plac('d on the re-
tired list of JWYV officers. ]
8a, ami after-
ward re:-<ided :It X ('W London, ('oun. .A writ-
l.r for the mag:lzin('s, nnd author of .. Song
pm
', ., poems (1
!JO).
COLLYER, Robert, c1ergymHn, b.
Keighley, York
hirc, .England,
Dec.. 1823.
Was early npprf'ntiee(l to the Llaeksmitlt's
trude. Camc to America in It:':JO, nnd
l'rYed
as a 1\Iethodist preadll'r while folJm\ ing his
Ü'mle. His \'iews changing, he founded and
became pnstor of It enitarian dlUreh at Chi-
eilg'o in 1859, and twenty )""('nrs later re-
mo\""('<1 to X ew York to fill a !'imiJar position.
Besides fugitiye verse he publi:-<lw(l seveI'llI
prose volumes, including .. Xature nnd
Life " (18üG), ,. The Simple Truth ., (1877),
and" Leeturesto Young 1\Ien and V{ omen"
(18tj(j).
COLTON, Walter, el('rgyman, b. Rut-
land, Yt., Ü :\lay, I7U7. Grndllated at Yale,
and became a Congregational eIergyman.
\Yas appointed chaplain Ü1 the r.
. nt1vy,
I8HO. After !'evernl voyages was made al-
calde of ::\lonterey. Cal.. 1846, and estab-
lished there the first California Jlew
raper.
The be
t-known of his books of travel is
" Three Years in Califoruia .. (1850, new ed,
l
.)U). Dieù, Philmlelphia, P('nn., 22 Jan.,
It-:) 1.
CONE, Helen Gray, f'dUclltor. b. Kf'w
York. X. Y., 8.Mar., 18.")H. (
rRduated from
the Kormal eollege of Kew York eity, at
which institution she 1)('cnme im:trudor in
English literature. A contributor to the
magazines, nnd author of ., 01>eron and
Puck: Yer:-(',: Gra\'e and Gay" (l
8.)).
CONGDON, Charles Taber, journn1ist,
1>. Ke\\ Redford, :\Iass" 7 April, 1821. Stud-
ied at Brown Ulliwrsitv. \\Tt1
a memh('r of
the "S. Y. ., Tribune ". ('ditorial staff. It'37-
G2. awl. besides eontrihutions to the mt1ga-
zines and npwspaper:<. puhli
hed "Tribune
E
!'aYs" (1Hßf)) find ., Ueminiscences of a
J ouriUlli:<t " (188U).
COSRAD-COOMBS.
495
CONRAD, Robert Taylor, lawyer, b.
Philadelphia. Penn.. 10 .June, 1810. In 18aS
became a judge of the court of criminal S('5-
ion
of that city, and wasafterwanl elected
mayor. \Vas editor of "Graham's)Iagazine"
for'several Vf'ar
. Is be
known as the au-
thor of ,.
\.Ylmere, or the Bondman of
Kent," a trag.f'dy }JrOlluced by Forre
in
1841. "
\.
'lmcre . . . awl Other Poems . ap-
peared in 18.)
. Died. Philadelphia, Penn.,
2. J une. 18:)
.
CONW AY,Katherine Eleanor, h. Hoch-
ester, K. Y., 18-. Began journalistic find
literary work in 1873, allli in 188;3 joined the
editOl'ial f:.taff of the Hu
ton "Pilot:' .Au-
thor of "On the :-;unri:"e Slope," poems
(1891), and co-editor with )Ir
. Clara Er,;kine
Clement of " ('hri
tian
.. mhols Rnd
torie::;
of the
aints .. (1
8G). .
CONWAY, Moncure Daniel, h. ")Iid-
dleton:' Stafford Co., V tt.. 1. )lar., 18aZ.
GnHluated at Diekin:--on college, Carli-.;le,
Penn. Began the
tUl[Y of law, but soon en-
tered the )Iethudi:-;t mini4ry. preaching in
variuus circuits of Virginia. As It law stu-
dent he :had held extreme Sou thern opinions,
and had expres:,e(l them in artif'les in the
Itichmond .. Examiner." But his political
and religious helief... undenvent a change; he
camp Hllfler the influence of Emer!'on and
the radical group, and shortly entered the di-
vinity schuol at Camhridgl', )Ias:o:. On gradu-
ating in 18:).!. he inte11lll.d to preach in Vir-
ginia, hut was dri\'en a\\ay uy his former
neighbors on aceount of his anti-sla \'ery pro-
cli \"ities. The latter abo led to hi
di
IIli:s:sal
from a C nitarian chm'(.h nt \Va,;hinp;ton, D.
C. He he came pa:-<tor of one at Cincinnati,
0,. in 18:)., awl in 18/j:J visited England for
the purpo;:.e of writing and lecturing in be-
half of the anti-slavery party, The same
year formed a pastoral connection with the
(ultra-liLeral)South Place chapel at London,
which lasted until1
..t when he returned to
the U nited
tate
. Chief among his books
are" Tracts fur To-day" (IH:)H), "Testimo-
nies concf>rning Shl\'ery " (18(;:)), "hluls and
Ideals" (1877). "Demonologv and I>e\'il-
IJol'e" (1
.!}), ,. The WalHlerin
Jew" (1881),
and ., Th{' Sacred .Anthology," selections
from the sacred writings of all ages (18.3).
COOK, Ebenezer. Sothing is known of
this authur. It is not ef'ltain whethpr he
signed his real name to ., The Sot- \Y eed Pac-
tur," l'uhli::-he,l nt LOlli lon, in 1.08, or
whether the signature" Eben. Cook, Gf'nt.,"
i;:. a 1I1ere p:;cu(lonr'n, The work itself is a
satirical pocm. purporting to gi\ e nnaccount
of the trial,., of a Jlwn'hant-ad\'enturer to
Yirginia, ..
ut-\\e{'(l .. being an early nnme
for tobae-co.
COOKE, George Willis, clergymnn. b.
00mstock, :\Iidl"
a .A pril, 1848. Entered
the Cnitarian ministry, IS.
. Pastor at
Dedham, :\Ias;:.., 11)
U-7, and non-re
it1ent
pastor of the First church at Sharon, )lnss.,
after 188.. Lectured at the Concord school
of philosophy, awl in \"arious cities of the
rnion. Author of .. Ralph \raldo Emer-
son" t1881) HIlIl "George Eliot" (.It'H:
)-
critical studies of their subj{'cts' lives, \\ rit-
ings, aIllI philo
ophies-aIll[ of " Puets and
Problems" (188U).
COOKE) John Esten, b. \Vilwhe;;ter,
Ya., 3 Xov., Il:)aO. H{'cei\'eda prinlte edu-
cation and practised law for n il'W years,
aba
ldoning the profes
ion for literary wurk.
"'as ill active service with the Confederate
army during the whole of the ci\'il war. His
books chiefly consi
t of romances founded
on early life'in Yirginia and on the e\-cnts of
the reuellion. He was the author of a num-
Ler of fllgiti\-e poems. Some of his works
are" Lc:Ühcr
tocking aIlll Silk, a Story of
the Yalley of Yirginia ., (11334), "Henry St.
John, Gentleman, 11 Tale of 17.4-3" (1)-):)!}),
.. Surrey of Eagle's Xest" (1
ûG), " Hilt to
Hilt" (HW!)), "The nrginia Buhemians"
(1H80), and" The l\Iaurice :\lystery" (1885).
LIe also puhlishetl Ih'es of Stonewall J ack-
son and l{obert E. IJee. Died, near Boyce,
Clarke ('0., Y ::t.,
7 Sl'pt., IHHH.
COOKE, Philip Pendleton, lawyer, b,
Martinsburg, \?a., 2û Oct., ]816. Bruther
of John E4en Cooke. Grwluated at the col-
lege of Kew Jersey. Literature and field-
sports received hi... chipf attention. " Flor-
ence Yane " is his uest-known I Hic. _\.uthor
of .. Froissart Ballads, and Oth
r Poems"
(1
47). Died, near Boyce, Va., 21 Jan., 18::>0.
COOKE, Rose [Terry], b. West Hart-
ford, Conn., 17 Feb., 1
Î. HeceÏ\wl her
education at the Hartford female seminary.
)larrÏpd and removed to \Vinsted, Conn., in
11:).3, where she afterward residpd. Contrib-
uted mtlny stories nnd poems to periodi-
cals. The following books have been pub-
lished: "Poems by Rose Terry" (l
liO),
.. Happy Dodd"(1875), "Somebody's Keigh-
hors" (1/;1)1), "Hoot-Bound" (188G), ., The
Sphinx's Children and Other Ppoplc's"
(18
G), and" Poems, Collective Edition"
(11)88).
COOLBRITH, Ina D" b. near Spring-
field, Ill., 18-. Early removed to Califor-
nia, re
íding at Los .Angeles, and more re-
centlyat :-)an Francisco. In 1/;72 became
librai'ian of the Oakland free liurary. A
constant writer for the" Overland l\1onth-
ly," .. Harper's," and other leading maga-
zines. Puhlished in 1881 ,. A Perfect Dav,
ancl Other Poems." .
COOMBS, Anne [Sheldon], h. Albany,
. Y., ]8-. Was taken ns achild to Brook-
lyn, X. Y., where, and in Xew York city, she
afterwar([ lived. \Vas marrieù, 1882, tu
Charles A. CoomLs. Author of the novels,
" As Common :\lortals" (1886), " _\ Game of
Chance" (11)87), and ,. The Garden of Ar,.
mida" (188!:1).
406
COOP ER-COTTON.
COOPER, George, b, KewYork, X. Y.,
14 )lay, 1840. Wus educated at the public
:"chool:; of that citv. .A resident of \Yest Il0-
boken, X. J.. where he engageu in song-
writing- and in contributing to ('hil<lren's
and otlwr magnzines.
COOPER, James Fenimore, h. Rurling-
ton,X. J.,I.> Sept., 1789. Of QuakPr <.Ieseent.
His father, William Cooper, owned exten-
sive tracts of land in Xew York state, and
founded the yillage of Cooperstown at Obe-
go lake. lIe remowd his family from K ew
Jersey to this plaee in 17HO, nine years after
erected the family mansion known as Otsego
Hall, and was r. S. representative from the
district for several years. The no,"elist re-
ceiwd his early edllcation hel"e and at Al-
bany, where he was fitted for eollege. En-
tered Yale, 180:J, and was expelled in his jun-
ior year for a Lreach of discipline. Deciding
to enter the r. S. navy, he shipped as a sailor
before the mast on a merchant-vessel. lJyway
of preparation. .After a yoyage to England
and Spain wasappointl.d midshipman in the
UM"V, 1
08, and was detailed to serviee on
Lakes Ontul'io and Champlain, thus gaining
familiarity with seenes suhsequently por-
trayed in his novels. On marrying into the
De Lancer family of ". estehester county, X.
Y., he made his residence there, having re-
signed his commission in 1811. From 1814
to 1I'3171iwd at Cooperstown, then returned
to \Yestchester county. \Yas chiefly occu-
pied with farming untillpC} hy the success of
his seconù nm-e!, "The :-;py ,. (1821), to re-
move to Xcw York cÏt\- and devote himself
entirely to literary ",'ork. !lis first book,
"Precaution " (1820). had heen written part-
ly us an experiment bl'eause of his dis
atis-
fac
ion on reading n nO\"el tr('nting of ElIg-
lish socicÌ\', anù hb helief that he could
write a better one. In 1
2i3 al'peareå "The
PIOneers, .. thecarliestwritten of the" Leath-
er-Stocking" tales. Theil' order in narra-
tion isas follows: .. The Deerslllyer" (1841),
"The Lust of the l\Iohicans" (It':2ü), '. The
Pathfin\ler " (840), "The Pioneers ., (18:?3),
and" The Pmirie" (182;). Continued
uc-
cess and increased fame followed the puLli-
cation of" The Pilot " (182:3-4), the writing
of which wa
suggested hy a Inckof g('nuille
sea element in ::-ìcotfs" The Pirate." Other
sea tales of Cooper's are" The Hed Royer"
(18:28)," 'l'he \V ate 1'- Witch" (18:30), " Home-
ward Bound" (18:38), "The \Ving-alHl- "ïng"
(1842), "Afloat and A:-;hore" (1844), etc. In
182ü he sailed for Europe, remaining abroaù
until 183::J. For a portion of this period he
was nominally l7. S. consul at LYons. In
183û-8 he published ten volumes of travels,
covering his stay in Europe, with the titles
"Sketchesof Switzerland" and" Gleanings
in Europe." A defender of republican insti-
tutions in general, notably in " The Bravo"
(11;31), and of his country in particular while
awny from home, h(' felt himself at liberty
on his return to critici
e sewreh" the ways òf
his fellow countn-nwn. This lÌ.etion OIl his
part, together wit 11 an unfortunate meddling
in politic-al questions amI a hitter local dis-
pute with the citizens of Cooper
town,
brought upon him much abu
e from the
pres
, to which he respoll\led with
mits for
libel. These he conducl('d himse If. and they
were usually successful.. hut made him mi-
popular. The most important of the suits re-
lated to the fairness of his" History of the
Xay)" of the Pnited States" (1t'39), which
was estaLlished. A few years after his re-
turn from Europe, Coopei'stown became his
pf'rmanent home. Dieù, Cooperstown,N".Y.,
14 Sept., 18;)1.
COPW AY, George, or KagegagahboU'K,
b. on Rice luke, Ontario Co., Canaùa, N,
W., 1818. A chid of the Ojibway tribe of
Indians. \Yas eonnrted to Christianity in
1830, amI was afterward a mi
sionary tò the
r ndians. I..Jectured in the r nited States and
Europe, and was a journalist in K ew York
eity. Publisheù seycral books, among which
are" Recollections of a Forest Life " (1847)
and "Traditi(Jnallli
torv anel Charaderis-
tic Sketclws of the OjibwilY K ation " (1850).
He succumbed to an inclination for strong
drink, and diell in reùuct\d circumstances at
Pontiac. )Jieh.. IIhout 18(j!).
CORSON, Hiram, educator, b. Philadel-
phia. Penn., ü Xov., 1828. .After several
'ears' f'ml'loyment in tlw Congressional and
Smith
onian lihrarips at \Yashington, be-
came n private instructor in English litera-
ture at l>hiladelphia. Profes:sor of English
literature at St. John's college. Annapolis.
It'li.>-70, and at ('ol"Iwll uninrsity after
1870. In addition to annotateù texts' of early
.English writers, published a .. I1nnd-Book
of Anglo-Saxon amI Early English ., (1871)
anù "An lntroduetion to the ::;tuù" of Rob-
crt Browning- " lll-'I'li). .
CORWIN, Thomas, stntesman. h. Bour-
hon Co., Ky.. 2!J J lily. I,;"H4. \Yas admitted
to the Lar' of IÜ.ntil<.'ky, 1818, and gHineù
reputation for his oratorical powers. r.::;.
repre
entative for seven term
, and U. S.
senator, 11'34;)-30. resigning to hecome
eere-
tar)" of the tr('asury under Prei:iùent Fill-
more. A leader of the \Yhig party for many
rears. His" Life and Speec-hes '" was pub-
lisheù in 18;)Ð. Died, Washington, D. C.,
18 D('c.. l
li.).
COTTON, John, clergyman. h. Derby,
England, 4 Dee., 158.>. Graduated at Cam-
bridge. Preacheù for twenty Jears at Bos-
ton in Lineolnshire. Summonf'd before the
church tribunal for non-con form it v, he es-
c
ped to America, sailing with 'Thoma8
Hooher anù arriving at Bo
ton in New Eng-
lanù. 4 Sept., IG:
8. Beeame "teacher" of
the
-'irst church of Boston, holding the posi-
tion for life. \Yas ùeclared an advocate of
COX-CREVEcæUR.
497
their principles by )1rs. Anne Hutchinson
and the other so-call ell Antinomians in
1ü37, but hf'
tated that they had concealed
their extreme views from him. Enga
ed in
a contro\-ersy with Hog-ct, 'Yilliams on the
subject of l:eligions t
)leration. and pnb-
li
hetl "The ßlowh Tenent, washed. awl
made white in the 'bloud of the Lambe"
(1ß4ì). Xearly fifty of his Looks were pub-
lished, among which were ,. )Iilk for
Babes," a popular cate('hi
m for children,
and ., )Ieat for Strong )Ien," an exposition
of civil government foundeù with religious
motives. His elahorate di
cussion of the
" Singing of P
alm
" (1(;.)0) is characteris-
tic of the man allll the time. Cotton consid-
ered twelve hour5 of stud va day's work. To
his opinion and Hample' was probably due
the observance in Xe\\' England of Saturday
evening as a part of the sabbath. Died,
Boston. )Ias
., 2:
Dec., lG52.
COX, Samuel Sullivan, statesman, b.
Zanesville, U.. 30 Sept.. 1t\24. Graduated at
Brown nni\'ersity. Rdited a newspaper at
Columbus, 0., 18.33-5. ". as elected to con-
gress from that state in 18.) ì. and served four
terms. RemO\"ed to Xew York city in 186ß,
and was re
lected to congres5 almost contin-
uou,-;lv from 18G8 until his death, In 188;) he
was appointe<llT. S. mini
terto Turkey, re-
signing in 188ß. Gained reputation as a hu-
morOU5 lecturer and writer. as well as for
being a ready dehater. His most important
legislati H' effort was in heha]f of the crea-
tion of the foul' new
tates, the Dakotas,
'Yashington, awl l\Iontana. .\.uthor of
"The Buckeye Abroad ., (18.)1). ,. Puritan-
i
m in Polities" (1/;G:
), .. Why 'Ve Laugh"
(18ìß), .. Three Decades of Federal Legisla-
tion" (1
t!J), and" Di \-er
iolls of a Dipln-
mat in Turkey" (H
t;ì). Died, Kcw York,
X. Y., 10 Sf'pt.. 1
8!).
COXE, Arthur Cleveland, divine, b.
)[en<lham. S. J., 10 )Iav. Hn
. Granùson
of Aaron Cleveland. Grå<luated at the uni-
Yersitv of X ew York. 'Vas rector of Prot-
estant-Episcopal churches at Hartford,
Conn., allli BalLimore. :\ld., 184:J-ß:3, and in
1!;ü4 became \'i
hop of western X ew York.
".Ad\-ent,a )1y4ery" (18:3;), and ., Christian
Ballad:," (It!40) arc two of his volumes of
poem
, the latter
till haying a popular snle.
Author of several theological works.
COZZENS, Frederick Swartwout,
merchant, L. Xew York, X.Y., 5 )Iar., HH
.
A lea<ling vintner in that city for many
years. "The Sl'nrrowgra
s Pa.rers" (1H:;6)
originally appeared in the ,. KnickerlJock-
er," and gained the author reputation as u
humorist. Be also puhlishe(l .. Sayings of
Dr. Bushwhacker" (l!;ß7), Died, Brooklyn,
N. ï., 2:i Dec., lHßt),
CRANCH, Christopher Pearse, paint-
er, b.
\lexandria, Va.,!; l\[ar., 1
1
, _\ lead-
ing contrilmtor to .. The Dial," 1840-3.
VOL, XI.-32
StlHlie<l art in Europe. whf're he re
ifled,
184ü-fi
. Subsequently liwd at ('amhridge,
)[a"".. and Xew V ork citL .\uthor of
.. Poem,," (1/;44.). .. The
Elìeid of Virgil
Tran
lated into EU1-.dish Yerse" (1872),
., The Bird and the Bell"' (1873), and" Arid
amI Caliban. with Other Poems" (U,ð';-).
CRANDALL, Charles Henry, b.
Greenwich, 'Vashington Co., X. V.. 19.JUlH:'.
11;.38. Was educated in his natÏ\-e town, A
resident of Springdale, Conn., and there oc-
cupied with journali,:m and literary work.
Crapo, William Wallace [Toted Saying:
Yo!. Xl., 1'. 4.jtj], h. Dartmouth,
Iass., 16
)1u\", 1
:m. Graduated at Vale. "? as admit-
ted'to the bar, awl \\ as city solicitor of X ew
Bedford. l\Iass., for fifteen years. U. S. rep-
resentati ve from
[a
sa('hu
etts, 1H7.)-
'!:3.
CRA WFORD, Francis Marion, b.
Baths of Lucca, Italy, 2
\ug., 1H.,)4. Son of
Thomas Crawfor<l. the American ,-culptor,
and nf'phew of Julia 'Yanl Howe. "ras ,-;ent
as a boy to S1. Paul':; school, Concord, X.
II. Returning to Europe. he was at Cam-
bridge university from m70 to lH74. and for
several years studied philosophy and the-
languages at IIeidplherg, the Poly tech-
nicum (C'arlsruhe), and the universitv of
Rome. Yisitefl India with the purpo"è of
pf'rfecting his knowledge of Oriental lan-
guage,,; and my
tcries, and a
sumed the edi-
tor
hip of It Jlcwly-established n('w
papl'r at
Allahabad, capital of the northwest pro\'-
ince
. This venture prodng unsuecl'
sful,
he came to .Ameriea onee more. an<l pa
ed
the academic year of 1
0-1 at IIarnml in n.
course of Santocrit and Z<'nd with Prof. C,
R. IJ
lI1nHlI1. recei\-ing a diploma from the
UI1Í\-er
ity. At this pcriod he ('ontributed
to periodieals a numbl'l' of redews dl'aIing-
with political. social, an<l eeonomi(' philos-
ophy. His attention was turned to fiction
by his uncle, :\lr. Samul'l "-anI of Xew
York city, to \\ hom he related
ome of his
experienc'es in the Orient and who addse<l
him to make them the hasi:-: of a noveL
".l\Ir. I
aacs" appeared in 18t:;2. aud was
immediately sUl'ee
ful. Mr. Crawford re-
silled in xèw York city and Bo
ton until
1
"'4, after whieh Ill' made his home at Sor-
rento, Italy, and devote<l himself entirely
to literature. lIis other works are .. 1>1'.
Clandius" (18
:3), ,. To Ll'ewlll'd" (11-i1'-\:n,
" A Homan :-;in;..:-er" (1884). ..
\.n Amerieall
Politieian ., (1t!H-t), ., Zoroaster" (1/;
.)), .. A
Talc of a LOItl'ly Pllri
h" (1Ht<fj), ., Snmci-
I1esea " (It;1'-\ì), ":\Iarzio's Crucifix" (1:;t'\7).
., Paul Pllt01f ., (1H
7), .. With the IInmor-
tals" (11)
), "Sant' I1ario," sequel to .. Sar-
aeinesca" (18
!I), and .. Greit'ensteill .,
(18t!Ð). Contrihute<l" _\ Xationnl Ilnnn"
to the Con
titutional centennial at i>hila-
delphill. 11'-\
;.
CREVECæUR, J. Hector St. John de,
agriculturist, b. Ca{:n, SOl"luantly, l,:B.
I
I
498
CRITTE.NIJE...V-Cú
R WEN.
Emig-rated to America in 1754, and esta1).
lished him!'elf on a farm near X ew York
dty. Yisited Europe in 1ì80, and while in
London published his "Letters from an
Ameri
an Farnwr " (1782). Thi::; volume
was tmn
latell into Prf'nch. and its glowing
ùescriptions of farm-life in Ameri
n causell
the emigration of some fiYe hUlHlred Prench
families to the Ohio region. where most of
them p"ri
hecl. Creyecæur was French con-
ul at X e\\ York from 1783 to 1 ì!JH. when
he returnell to Fran
e, Died, Surcelles.
France, XO\-.. IH13.
Crittenden, Thomas Leonidas [.Toted
Saying: Y 01. XI.. page 4.')2], b. Hussellyille,
Ky., 1.') )ta v. un.). Hose to the rank of lieu-
tenant-coloÌlet in the )Jexican war, and to
that of uw.jor-g-eneral in the LIlion nrmy
ùuring tht.'
i,'il war.
CROCKETI', David, pioneer. b. Lime-
stone, Greenc Co., Tenn., Ii Aug., 1 ì!-:G.
Receind his first schooling at the age of
eightecn. Hemoying to a wild pnrt. of Ten-
nes
ee in l
O!). he gaine!l reputation as 11
lnmter. nnd
enell in t he ('reek war of 181H.
\Vas t\\ ice a member of the Tenne
ce legi
-
lature. awl h\'ice r. s. reprc:'Cntatn"e f;om
Tennes
t'e. Took sen ice with Texas in its
war for iwlepenlh'nl'e. Puùlishecl" _\ Xar-
ratiye of Da,.id Croekett. . . . \\-ritten hy
Ilim:-;elf ,. (1834). Fell in defence of thè
Alamo. Texas. G )[ar., l!-::
fi.
CROLY, Jane [Cunningham], .. .JennÌe
.J une," h. )Iarket Harborough, England. lÐ
1>ee., l!):H. \Yas broug-ht to _\merif"a, in
lR-H. and héemne a resiclent of X ew York
eÍt,. W a
marrieù. 11:1.,)i, to Ihl\-Ìll(
. ('1"01\-.
a Ne\\ York journali4. Tn 18üO f'hp a's-
sumed the editorship of "Demorest's )lir-
ror of Fa-:hion," afterward .. D('morp
t's Il-
lustrated :\Ionthly." unll held that po
ition
for manr years. lIn-ented the sy
telll of
manifoliÌ nèw:'pnper correspondenee. \Vas
the founder of ,. ::-;orosis," ancl its pre
iùent
for fourteen years.
\mong her books are
.. Talks on
W omen's Topics" (18ü3), ,. For
Bett('r ()[' Worse ., (lHi.3), and ., Thr(>e .i\Ian-
uab for 'V ork ., (1
.)-f)).
CROSBY, Frederick J{" b.
ewton,
Mas
.. !) Od., 184.3. Grtt!1uated at the Phila-
delphia clental college. ::-;ettled at. :::;t. John.
1\. B.. 1R71. Contributed poetry to leading
American magazines. ., Into Light, and
Other Poems" (1H7 f i) was publbhed aftN'
his death. Died,
an Diego, CaI., 3 Dec.,
18ì4.
CROSSWELL. William, clergyman. b.
Hudson. X. Y., 7 XO\-.. 1!-\04. Graduatellat
Yale, Took holy ort1pr
in It\2t-\, and was
}"petor of an EpÌscopal church in Bo
ton,
l\Ia:,s.. until his death. Some of his hymns
mu1 religious poems nppeared in .. Poems.
1Lcrecl a!HI Secular," edited bv Arthur
l:leYelaml ('oxe (18J9). Died, Boston, ':\1ass.,
!J IS" U\., 18.31.
CUDWORTH, James, colOllÌst. b. Eng-
land. Emigrated to Plymouth ('olony, and
h.ad settlod at Scituate by 16:34. Hepresenta-
t1\-e frolll that place to the Plymouth gen-
eral court. lG-!fJ-.j(j. Sened as mag-istmte
for the next two year
. but became llnpopu-
Jar with the authoritie!' be('au
e of his
leniency to the {}uukers. \Yas
uh
equently
cOlllmander of the P]nnouth forces in the
('urly part of King Philip':" war. E]eeted
depnty-gowrnor in 1fj
1. and sent to Eng-
land a" the colony's ag-('nt the year after.
Died. London. Endanll. 16R2,
CURTIS, Geo
ge Ticknor, lawver, h.
\Yatprtown. )1n,,
.. 2t3 Xo\".. 1812. Gradu-
ated at lIanaI'd. Prudi
ed law at Bo,.;ton
until1
(i2. uUll afh'r that at Xew York city
amI \Ya"hing-tnn, D. C. Besillt..s a numher
of legal works. has written .. IIi
torv of the
Origin. F'ol"lnation. aml Adoption' of the
Con"titution of the r nited Stnte
" (18.35-8)
and" Creution or Evolution?" (1
t3'j).
CURTIS, George William, b. Provi-
dence. H. 1., 24 Pcb., 1824. .After a rem":;
e'i:l'erience in hu
ine
s in X ew York. Ht the
age of eighteen joined the Brook Farm as-
soeiatinIl at \Ycst Roxbun-, MilS:'., remain-
ing a year and a half. TilCnee remon'd to
Concord, where he lived on familiar terms
with the resident literary and philosophical
circle. From 184G to 1f<.')0 trawlled exten-
siwly in Europe and the East, completing
his education, and gathering material for
ub
equent '-OIUllWS. The fir
t of tlwi"e 8P-
pea red !o:oon after hi
return as .. Nile Notes
of an HO\nu1ji " (H
.,) 1). followed by" The
JIowaclji in Syria" (1
.,)2), I.etters to the
X. Y. .. Trihune" from various watering--
places appeared as "I.Jotu
-Eating" (1852).
In the same year ::\11'. Curtis began his eon-
nection with ,. Putnam's :Magazine." He
eventually became editor and part propl'ie-
tor, and at the time of its failure in 18;)7
gave up his entire fortune to prnte
t. its
crec1itol':', finally clearing away the dehts in
H
;it Of his eOlltrihutions to this nwgazine
thl:'r(' IUl\"e heen colkcted .. The Potiphar
Paperi"" (18.jB) amI .. l'J"Ue and I '. (1
51ì).
In 18G2 was publi
hed ., Trulllp
. a Kowl,"
from the columns of ., Harper's \Y eekly."
lIe began lecturing- in the willterof 1!-\:;:
. an
o('('upation in which he met with sUI.t.'e
.
hmuguratt.'ll in 18.ïi3 the editorial depart-
llIent of "Harper's :\Iagazine " known a
the
.. EditOl"s Ens,' Chair," which he has ('on-
tinu()usl
' written, and was a regular elli-
torial contrilmtor to "JIarper's \\; eekly "
attpr lS:)ì. In eonstant delllund as an orator
for :,tate occa"ions, and guined II high repu-
tation for his addresses amI orations. _\t
Yal"Ìous tirne
declined to serve in high diplo-
matic positions.
CURWEN, Samuel, loyalist, b. Snlem.
Mass., Ii Dcc., 171.3. (hacluated lit Har-
vard.
tudiet.I for the ministry. Lut failing
CUSHING-DANA.
499
health leù him to engage in commercial pur-
suits. Serveù in the expedition against
Louisburg in 1743, was impost officer for Es-
sex countv, Ma:"s., from 1,39 to liU-1, aIlll in
17,3, when obligeù to sail for Englanù on
account of his loyalist views, was a jnùge
of admiralty. Returneù to Salem in 17:::;-1.
" The J om:nal and Letters of the late Sam-
uel Curwen "(1842, revised eù. 18U4) relate
his experiences while in exile. Dieù,
Salem,
Iass., 9 April, 1802.
CUSHING, Caleb, jurist, publicist, etc.,
b. Salisbury, Essex Co., Mass.. 17 Jan.,
1800. Graùuateù at IJanarù and stuùied.
for the law. Was electeù to congress as a
'Whig in 1
:::."'j, but united with 'President
Tyler and the Democratic I )art y in 18-11.
Shortly after, \Va:; appointe( commissioner
to China, anù neg-otiateù the first treaty of
the r nitetl States with that country. Left
the bench of the supreme court of :\[àssaC'hu-
seUs to become attorney-general of the L ni-
teù States, It)."'j:
-7. In 18UU was one ofthree
commi
sioners appointed by President
Johnson to revise and codifv the laws of the
L nited States, and in 1872 vms a member of
the counsel for the settlement of the Ala-
bama claims. IIi<; purely literary work was
not important. Die(l, Newburyport, "Mass.,
2 Jan., lS7f).
CUSTER, Elizabeth [Bacon], b. )Ion-
roe, )lich., 1:)-. \Yas married to 1tlajor-
General. then Major, George A. Custer, 9
Feb.. It)ü4. AccoIlllJanied him to the seat of
war rlm'ing- the succeeùing year, and after-
'ward on his sen-ice in the "-est. Author of
., , Boots and Saddles,' or Life in Dakota
with General Custer" (18t\:ï), and .. Tenting
on the Plains, or General Custer in Kansas
anù Texas" (1887).
CUTLER, Elbridge Jefferson, educator,
b. IIolliston, )1 ass. , 28 Dec., 1t5
H. Was
professor of moùern languages at Harvard
from 18ü5 until his death. Contributpù to
the " Atlantic )[onthly " and other periodi-
cals, and published ,. War Poems" (l807)
and ..
tella" (180t\). Died, Cambridge,
:\Iass., 27 Dec., 1870.
DABNEY, Richard, b. Louisa Co., Ya.,
about 1787. Heceiwda fair classical eùuea-
tion, and was assi"tant teacher at a school
in Hichmond. He was afterward employed
by Mathew Carey, the Philadelphia pub-
lisher. IIi:, last years were spent in retire-
ment at his native place, Published
"Poems, Original awl Tran
lated" (1812,
re,'i5cù cd. It;15). Died, Louisa Co., Va.,
Xo\'. I8;?).
DAGGETT, Rollin Mallory, h. Rich-
ville,
. Y.,
2 Feb., 1831. ForsC\-eral veal'S
{T. S. minister to the Hawaiian T:-:lànùs.
Chiefl \' a resident of Virginia city, Nev., oc-
cupit'.l with journalistic work.
DAN A, Charles Anderson, journalist,
L. llinsùale,
. If , t; .\ug" 1:)19. Studkd
at Harvarù, which he left on account of
trouble with his eyes, afterward receiving
his <.legree. Joined the Brook Pann associa-
tion at Hoxbun", l\lass., in 18-12. After some
journalistic experience in Boston, he be-
came managing e(1itor of the X. 1. "Tri-
bune" in 1t;-1ì, retaining the connection
untIl 18li2, anù resigning on account of a
difference of opinion with :\lr. Greeley as
to the military policy of the gm-ernment.
From 1t)ö3 until the close of the civil war ho
was assistant secretary of war under Secre-
tary
tanton, frequently visiting the front.
Reorganizeù the X. Y. "Sun" in 18ü8, and
was its e<litor thereafter. Eùiteù with
George Ripl('y "The
-\merican CycJopæùia "
(1857-U:3), of which a reviseù edition was
published, 18î3-ü. Also edited "The
Household Book of Poetry" (1857), which
passed through many eùitions.
DANA, Richard Henry, b. Cambriùge,
:\lass., 13 Aug., 178;. Entered IIarYarù,
but did not grwluate, being- invoh-eù in the
stu<lents' rebellion of 1807, Stuùied law
with his cousin, Francis Dana Channing,
awl wasallmitted to the bur of Boston, 1811.
Became active in politics as a Federalist,
anù was electeù to the l\las:<achusetts legis-
lature. Having joined the Boston ..Anthol-
ogy club in 1814, he became a contributor
to the" Xorth American Review," founùeù
by that organization the following- year, and
was associate editor of the" Heview " with
Edward Tyrrel Channing, 1818-20. He next
began the publication at Xew lork of a lit-
erary periodical entitled .. The Idle )[an,"
which received articles anù poems from
Bryant, Allston, and others, hut reached
only f;ix numbers. Dana's first volume of
,. Poems," containing .. The Buccaneer,"
appeareù in 1827, and six years later he
brought out at Bo
ton a collecti,-e edition
of his" Poems anù Prose \Vritings" (en-
largeù ed. 1830). In 1840 and succeeding
\"Cars he dclivereù a course of lectures on
Shakespeare in several Eastern citie:.:; of the
Lnited States. The remainder of his life
was passed in retirement at Boston and at
his rountry seat on ('ape Ann. Dil'ù, Bos-
ton, )fass., 2 Feb., 18,tl.
DANA, Richard Henry, Jr" lawyer, b.
Cambridge, )Ia:<
., 1 Aug., 1t513. Son of
the prece(ling-. Graduate(l at Harvard. His
cour
e at Haryard was interrupteù bv trou-
hIe with his ('Ye:o:. aIllI he made a twò y('ars'
Yo
'age to the PacifiC' coast. returning in
18:3/;andgrmluatingthe following-year. TIe
had shipped as a common sailor. aIllI his
e
periellces are tolcl in his popular book.
"Two Years before the l\fa:-t "(1ö40). This
pas
('d through many editions in America
and Europe, and was tl.llopted hy the Bl"itish
aclmiralty for distrihution in the nayv. )lr,
Dana was admitted to the l\Iassachu
tts
bar in 1840 and practised \\ ith success, being
500
DAXDRIDGE-DE FORES1:
much sought after in maritime cases. In
18-11 he pu blished ., The :O;eaman's .Friend, "
a manual of laws bearing on the relations of
ma.sten; and
ailor:,. Ill' edited a new edi.
tion of \Yheaton's ,. International Law"
(1t-6U) with original annotatiun!', and de-
li\""erecl lectures on the same suhject hefore
the Harvarcllaw school, 1!-\GG-7. \Yas nOlll-
inatecl as C ::5. minister to England by Pres-
idcnt Grant in 18;6, but was not confirmed
by the senate. Died, Rome, Italy, 7 Jan.,
11;82.
DANDRIDGE, Danske [Bedinger], b.
Copenha:ren. Denmark, 180-. Great-grand-
daughter of Eliza
outhplte Bowne. At the
time of her hirth, her father, Henry Bedin-
ger, was r.
. minister to Denmai'k. She
W3S married, 1877, to Stephen Dandridge of
Shepherd
town, \V, Ya., which place be-
l:ame her home. Author of "Joy, and Other
Poems " (1
tì1-').
DAVENPORT, John, cIerg) man, U.
Coventry, Englanù, 1.397. Studipd at Ox-
ford.
\.fter varying experiences as a non-
conformist clergyman in England aud Hol-
land, at the suggestion of John Cotton emi-
grated to Boston in Xcw England, 1037. In
:\Iareh, 1(j:3
, sailed theUl
e to Qllinnipiac,
now Sew Hayen.Conn., with a company,alHl
founded the colony, 14 April, 1638. While
at
ew Uaven he concealetl the reg-icides
\Yhallcy and Goffe in his house for a
month
in tUG1, ancl preached sermons in their be-
half. Called to Boston in 1008 as pa:<tor of
the .First church, his yiews on infant baptism
cau:<eù a split in the congregation, and lc(l
to the formation of the Old
outh church.
Author of ,. The Knowledge of Christ"
(1ö.j
), "
\. Discourse ahont ('ivil Govern-
ment in a X ew Plantation" (1(i(;:H, and a vol-
ume of sermons, .. The :-;aints
\.nchor-llold"
(1701), Diell, Bo
ton, )1ass., 15 )1ar., Hj70.
DAVIES, Samuel, e1ergyman, b, 1"e\\"-
castle ('0., Del., 3 X OY., 1724t
\I1,ert Dames).
'Vas fitted for the mini
trv at the school of
the Rey,
amuel Blair. As'a dis::òenting min-
ister, came into collision with the Yirginitt
authorities, but was yictorious on an appeal
to the king, who ùeciùed th'1t the colony was
inelu<led in the" act of toleration." 'Va!';
chiefly instrumental in e!'tablishing the first
Virgii1ia preshytery. Succeeded Jonat
an
Edwards as Pl'esident of the college of );ew
J ersev in 1739. His collected ":-';ermons"
appeåred in 1797. Died, Princeton, S. J.,
4 Peb., 1 'j01.
DAVIS, Jefferson, statesman, b. Chris-
tian Co., Ky., 3 June, 1t;08. Graduated at
West Point. Sened in the mack Hawk war,
1831-2, retiring from the army in 18:33. \Vas
U, S. representative from :\lississippi, 184.3-
6. l{pjoine<l the firm)", 18-lß. and fought at
l\lontere\'. 'Vas F. S. senator, 1847-51, and
was Pre:,ident Pierce's secretary of war,
183;.J-7. His advocacy of state-rights culmi-
nated in his speech in the senate, 186t, on
his withdrawal because of the sp('pssion of
)lissis
ippi. Was nppointed prc>siÜcl1t of the
Confcderate states, 1.1 Feb., 1ti(H. In April
the war opened. In Xov., 1
61. he was plect-
ed prct'ident fur six years, his term of office
cUlling when he. his wife, amI a small pscort
werc capturcd near Irwinsville,Ga., 10 :\Iay,
18U3. lIe was confined as a prisoner of state
in Fortress :\1onroe for two years. In April,
!t5(j0, was indicted for high treason, but was
admitted to l>3il a year later, his first bonds-
man being Horace Grceley, ". as never
brought to trial, heing included in the gene-
ral amnesty of 1t:ö8. A lady hrqueath('(l to
him her estate at Beauyoir, Miss., wl:ere he
8pent the remainder of his Hfe, unrecoJlcileù
to the r nion to the last. \Y rote" The Rise
and Fall of the Confederate Goyernment"
(1881), which contains a number of his
!'peeches. In 1890 a ":I\Iemoir" was is
ueù
hy his wife. Dieù, :Kew Orleans, La., (j Dec.,
1t<8D.
DAVIS, Mary Evelyn [Moore 1, b.
Tallndega, Ala. \Yas mnrried, 1874, to
Thomns E. Davis, editor of the X ew Orleans
"Picayune," amI thel'eafter ref'ided in that
city. Àutbor of "Minding the Gap, and
Other Poems " (18;0), and ,. In \Yar Times
at La Rose Blanche" (1
8'ì).
DAVIS, Rebecca [Harding], h. \Y ash-
ing-ton, Penn., 24 June, 1831. Hesidl'd in
\Ylwcling, \\T. Ya. until her marriage in
18G3 to h Clark D:n-is, cditor of the "In-
quirer" of Philadelphia, which lattpr city
was afterward her home, She contributed
many short !'tories and sketches to the ..
\t-
landc l\lonthly" anù other magazine:<. and
puhlished " )largaret How-th "(1t)ül), " Dal-
las Galbraith " (1
G8), "A Law unto Bpr-
self" (l87
), and several other nowIs.
DAY, Richard Edwin, b. W<,st Granby,
Oswego Co., N. Y., 2; April, 11-1.)
. Gradu-
ated at Snacuse uni,"crsity. Beeame asso-
ciate editor of the Syracuse" Stauùar<l .. in
1RH2. .Author of ;, Lyrics and Satires"
(18i-<3) anù "Poems" (1888).
Decatur, Stephen [......Yotf!d SayÙlg: Vol.
IV" page 4HO], b. Siunepuxent, )[d., 5
Jan., 1 ;ÎV. ('uptain and commoílorc in the
U. S. navy, 1
O+-15. Xavy commi
sioner
from 181.3 until his death, in a ducl, near
Bladenshurg, :\ld., 22l\Iar., 1820.
De FOREST, John William,
ol(lier, b.
IIumphre
'sville, now
eymour, Conn., 31
l\1ar., 1826. Tra,-eHed extensively in Eu-
rope while it young man, completing his
edueMion mainly in foreign countries.
Scned as captain alill major in thp Cnion
forces during the dvil war, and rctained his
connection with the armv for it few years
after. He contributed to '" Harper's Maga-
zine" a numher of articles dpscriptiye of
battles in which he had partieipated. ÅU-
thor of "A History of the Indian:s of Con-
DE KA r -DEWEY.
501
necticut" (1853), several book;;oftranl. and
elewn novels, including .,
li,,;; I{awnel's
Conversion" (18ü'j), .. Kate Beftlunont"
(1
;2), allil "IIone"t John Yane" (H;;,)).
De KAY, Charles) journalist, b. Wash-
ington, 1>. C.,
3 July, 18-ttì. A grandson of
Joseph Rodman Drakl:'. Graduatl:'d at Yale.
Became a member of the ;;taff of the N. Y.
.. Times" in 18;7. .A writer for the maga-
zines, awl author of .. The Bohemiall"
(l1-ì;1-ì), "Hesperus, amI Other Poems"
(880), "The Yision of Nimrod" (1881),
.. The Yision of Esther" (18
). .. The Love
Poems of Louis Barnaml" (1883), and
.. Ban-e: Life and 'Works" (18H9).
DELAND, Margaretta Wade [Camp-
bell] ()Iargaret Deland), b. .Alleghany,
Penn., 2:3 Feb., 1837. She was hrought up
in the familv of her father's brother, the
lIon. Benjaniin CampheIl. f;tudie,l at Pel-
ham priory, Xew Rochelll', X. Y., and at
the Cooper Union in Xew York city.
Taught illlillstrial design in the X. Y. X 01'-
mal college. 187t5-Ð. Was married, 181'\0,
to Lorin F. Delanù, of Boston, )Iass., which
citv became her residence. Author of "The
OhÌ Garden, and Other Yerses" (18t;ü),
"John \Yard, Preacher," a popular novel
dealing with theological question;; (1888),
., .Florida 1 )ays" (18st!). and' 'Sidney" (H3f10).
DEMING, Philander, h. Carlisle, Scho-
Imrie Co., X. Y., (; Peb.. 18
Ð. IIis fathpr
was a Presbyterian minister, and at one time
sppcial mi"sionaryat various places in cen-
tml and nOli hern X ew York state. The son
taught school in the winter time and with his
1Irother8 built and operated :"uccessfully
during the summer an old-fashioned saw-
mill on the northern edge of the Adiron-
daek forest. He attended allli gi'aduatell at
Yermont uni,-er"ity and the
\.luanr law
$chool. "-as chiefly occupied a
a writer for
the pre,.:s and as stenographic reporter of the
supreme court, thir,l judicial district, X. Y.
He resignell his official position in 1S8
.
Afterwanl resided in Alhany, spending the
summer months at his northern home, In
addition to his contrihutions totlll' " Atlan-
tic
Ionthl
-" and other magazine;;. pub-
lished .. Adirollliack Storie
" (181')0) Hnd
., Tompkins and Other Folks" (It;H:)).
DEMOCRACY, The Author of.-The
<,ùitors arc not at liherty to gi,-c finy infor-
mation re"peding" this writer, heyond the
fact that t heÜ' se lcetion from ., Democl"ae,-"
{1
80)appf'ars lqðtimately in .. A Library" of
\rncl"iean Literatlll'l'."
DENNETT, John Richard, journalist,
h. Chatham, X. ß.. H
:37. Graduated at Har-
Yard.
ett1e,1 at Beaufort, S. C., remaining
there until after the civil war. .\n e
tendcd
tour through the Southern stall'", Hnù a no-
tahle serie;õ: of h,tters to the X. Yo" Xation .,
descrihin).! the 80uther11 situation, It,d to an
.editorial po,.:ition 011 that paper. \\-as al..;o
for several years assistant professor of rhet-
oric at Hanard. Died, W est borough,
lass.,
2U XO\-.. 18;4.
DENNIE, Joseph, journali
t. b. Boston,
l\Iass., 10 Aug" 17G8. Graduated at Har-
Yar'l. ::;tudied law, but soon entered jour-
mlli"m. Edited "The Farmer's \Veekly
Iu"eum"atWalpole,
.II.. from 1j!)üuntÍl
1 j98. The following year removed to Phil-
adelphia, where he established "The Port
Folio" in l
()O, of whieh he was editor until
hi;; death. IIis contrihution
to these jour-
nal,.: under the signature" The Lay Preae-h-
er" gaine,l him reputation. Died, Phila-
delphia, Penn.. 7 Jan., ltH:!.
DENTON, Daniel, eoloni"t. Thought to
have been a son of He\". Hichard Denton,
a non-conformi
t emigmnt clergyman of
IIemp
tead, L. 1.
\ }"esident of Jamaica. 1.1.
1., and justice there in 1(H"iU. Puhlh:hed" A
Brief Description of X ew York: Formerly
Called Xew :Ketht'rlands " (WiO), the first
printed account, in the .English language, of
Xew York and New Jer;;ev. :-;till at Jamaica
in 1(;8(;, but not hearll of thereafter.
DEPEW, Chauncey Mitchell,lawyer,
b. Peekskill. X. Y., 28 .April, 18iJ4. Graduat-
eù at YaJe, 'Was admitted to the bar, allli was
a member of the K. Y. as"embl\", 18(;1-2.
Elected secretary of :-;tate of X ew \' ork, 18ö3,
and subsequentÌy appointed ü. S. minister
to Japan. Became coun"el of the X, y, and
Harlem railroad, 1R(jü, and of the K. y, Cen-
tral and II udson Hiver road, 1
/j!). Was
made president of the latter, 1H83. \'-as one
of the prominent candidates for the Repub-
lican presidential nomination at the Chicago
convention of 1
81;, Xote,l as an orator and
after-dinner speaker. Author of "Orations
and After-Dinner
!,el'ches" (1890).
DERBY, George Horatio, "JohuPhæ-
nix," b. Dedham.
[ass.,
.April, 1
.
Graduate!! at \Vest Point, and entered the U.
S. nrm\". Sene,l as a licutf'nant ill the )[exi-
can wår and was promoted for meritorious
conduct. I{emained in the government Sf'r-
vice until hi:-; death. II is humorous writings
were C"ollectell in " Phænixiana" (1855) alld
"The Sqlliboh Papers" (1t;39). Died, Xew
York, K. Y.. 1:> :\lay. 18m.
De VERE, Mary Ainge, ":\ladeline
Bridg-es,"' b. Brooklyn, X. Y.. 18-. .A con-
stant resÌllent of thnt citv. ('ontributell to
the ..Gala....y," "LittelÌ's Li,"ing .Age,"
" Century," .. I ndp!,endent," and ot hl'r pe-
riolliC'al",1870-90. .Author of .. Lo,-e f'ongs.
amI Other Poems" (1
;O), and of .. !)uems"
(ISDO).
DEWEY, George W" b. Baltimore,
)hl., 1
11'1. Was taken in youth to Phila-
delphia. Pl'nn.. and afterwiu'd li,-ed thcre.
\uthor of fugiti,-e pOf'ms, among which is
that entitlell .. Blind Louise." Xo other
information concerning this writer has been
obtaineù.
502
DEWEY-DODGE.
DEWEY, Orville, clergyman, b. Shef-
field, l\Ia:>s., 28 :\lar., 1 j94. Graduated at
\Villiams. At first a Congregational minis-
ter, he soon joined the r nitarians. becom-
ing a:,;sb1ant to Dr. Channing. Was L nita-
rian minister at Kew Beùfonl, :\las:-,., for
several years, amI at Xew York, l
a;)-41).
Snb
eqnently held charges at Albany amI
Roston. .Au edition of his "\Y orks" ap-
peared, 1(:\4 i, and in 1884 his "
\.utobiog-
raphyand Letters." Died, Sheffield, }lass.,
21 -;\Iar.. 1882.
DICKINSON, Anna Elizabeth, orator,
b. Philadelphia, Penn., 28 Oct., 1842. Her
father's death two Year
later causetl her to
be educatetl in the 'Prientls' free schools of
that city. }lade her fir:,;t :5peeeh. Jan., 1860,
at a meeting of Progre
sive Friend:-:, helù to
consiller "\Voman's Hights and \Vrongs,"
and at once gained reputation as a
pcaker.
Spoke frequently thereafter on the same
subject, and on temperance and slawry.
Delivered an et'fecti,"e addre:,s at :\lu::;ic
hall, Bo:-;ton, Mass.. in the spring of lSli2.
on the" .N"ational Crisi:5." and the following
winter was engaged by the Hepuhlican com-
mittee of
ew IInmpshire to n
si:>t in their
campaign. lIer succes
as an' orator led to
similar engag-ements in Connecticut, Xew
York, and Penn:-:ylvnnia. After the war,
continued as a lecturer untillHiü, when she
made her début as an actress in a drama of
her own 'Hiting'. entitled "
\. Crown of
Thorns." .Met
with little success in this
and in Shake
pearinn parts. .. .An.Ameriean
Girl" was succe
sfully produced by Miss
Fanny Davenport in l!)HO. _\utho1' of
"\Vhat .Answer:''' a noyel (It!U1':)), and "
\
Paying InYe
tment -. (1
Îö).
DICKINSON, Charles Monroe, jour-
nali
t, b. Lowdllc, Lewis Co.. X. Y., 13
Koy., 1842. Educated at the Fairfield, X.
Y.. seminar,-. \Vas wlmitted to the bar at
Binghamton', K. Y., 18GJ. Practised law
in that city and in
ew York ('ity untill
7t<,
when he l,ecume editor and proprietor oft he
Binghamton "Hepubliean." Author of
"The Children, amI Other Verses" (1t!
!)).
DICKINSON, John, state
man, h.
la-
ryland, 13 1'\0\"., ]7
2. Stmlied law at Phil-
adelphia and at the Temple in London. amI
practised with su('cess in the former city.
"\Vas a member of the first Colonial congre
s
in l'j'(jJ. .. The Farmer's Lettf'r:> to the In-
habitants of the British Colonic:> " (17ö'ì)
and a number of public papers denoundng
British oppres:,ion were written by him. but
he was not prepared to sign the Declaration
of Independence in 1 jiG. lIe served in the
Continental army, however. and was presi-
dent of Delaware. 1781-
, and of Pennsyl-
vania, 1782-5. "Letters of Fabius on the
Federal Constitution" (17H8) were in sup-
port of that instrument. lIe also Ü;gued
.. The Political Writings of John Dickin-
80n "(1801), Died, Wilmington, Del., 14
Feb., 1808.
DICKINSON, Jonathan, merchant, b.
po
sibly in England. A member of the so-
ciety of Friends. First heard of at Elizabeth
parï"sh, near Black rÌ\"er, Jamaica. in 1'lar.
lö9ß. \Vas wrecked on the coast of Florida'
2
Sep
. of t
e same year, .while yoyaging
wIth Ins fanuly from J alUalCU to Philadel-
phia. The pal:ty was taken capti,-e by Ind-
ians, but finally reach ell ðt. Augustine, ar-
ri,-ing nt Philadelphia. Feh., 1'j"f),. Dick-
inson becmne prominent as a politician aud
merchant in the latter city. He publi:,;hed
an account of his shipwreck and eapti,..itv.
entitled "GO(l's l>rotet'ting Providence
:\lan's Surest Help and Defence" (]ümJ).
Died. Philadelphia, Penn., 18 June. 1 i
2.
DINSMOOR, Robert, b. Windham, X.
II.. 7 Oct., liJÎ. Of
cotti
h descent.
Sen-ed. a:> a young man, in the Continental
army. and subsequently followed the occu-
pation of a farmer in his native to" n. His
poems are largely imitative of Burns. He
styled himself th(' .. Hustie Bard." Pub-
li
hed "Incidental Poems" (1b28). Died,
Windham, K. n., 16 :\Iar.. 18:W.
DIX, John Adams, b. Bo
cawen. X. H.,
24Juh", 1798. Sened in the war of 1812 as
lieuteñant. Settling at Albany in HmO, he
entered public life. becoming U. S. t'enator
and secretary of the treasury under ßuehan-
an. At the outbreak of the ci,"il war he was
appointed major-general of yolunteers. 'Yas
afterward L, S. minister to France and gov-
ernor of K ew York. His" Spee(;he
.. (HW4)
and" )Iemoirs "(188:3) have heen published.
Died. Xew York, X. Y.. 21 April. 1871).
DOANE, George Washington, c1ergy-
man. u. Trenton, :K. J.. 2j .:\Iav, l-;UD.
Gra<luated at l! nion col1eg-e. Took õrders in
the }
pi::;eopal church, 1
1. "
a
a profes-
sor at Trinity college, 1824-8, mIll afterward
officiated at Trinity church. Bo::;ton, until
his election as hishop of Xew .J('r
ey in 1t<;{2.
His" Life an(1 Writings" (lt1UU) " ere edited
by his
on. Died, BÙrlington, X. J., 27
.April, ]
.jfl.
DODD, Anna Bowman [Blake], b,
Brooklyn, X. Y., 18-. Daug-hterofStephell
l'L Blake of Brookl,n. lIer family remoYed
to Kew York city' in ]S:ï4, whel:e she \\as
married. 18
:J, to Edwanl W. Dodù of that
city. A critical ,uiter for the London .. .Art
J oilrnal," .. Harper's l'[agazine," anù other
periodicllls, tmtl author of .. Cathedral
Days" (1886), ., The RepulJlic of the Fu-
ture," a satire on socialism (18
Î), and
" Glorin<la: a Story" (1888).
DODGE, Mary Barker [Carter], b.
Bridgewater. Bucks Co.. Penn., lR-. Her-
father, "ïlliam S. Carter. was English by
hirth. 1\1rs. Dodge reeeÌ\'ed her education in
PhiladelRhia. She was married, 1850, to .:\11',
Charles r. Dodge, of DodgeviJle, ..Mass., and
DODGE-DRAKE.
503
resiiled for some years at 'Yilliam
port.
Mass. After 1
ìi f;he frequcntly changed
her residence.
\.uthor of .. Belfrv Yoices"
(1t570) and ., The Gmy
Iasque. ànd Other
Poems" (1S
;)).
DODGE, Mary [Mapes], h. X ew York,
X. Y., 1
38. Daughter of .Prof. .James J.
:\lapes. a !';cientist of that city. 'Was mar-
ried to William Dodge, a X ew York 111. w
er
of repute. After his early death she devel-
oped an inclination for litemtme inherited
from IlPr fa
her. She wa
, with Donald G.
.:\Iitchell and Harriet BeecllPr Stowe. one of
t he earlic."teontril.mtors to theX. 1.'. ,. Hearth
and Home." A volume of .. Inington Sto-
ries" (ll;ö-1) for children met with sucees",
anù was soon fullowed hy " Hans Brinker, or
the Silver Skates " (18(),
). a juvenile f;tory of
life in Hollal1ll. This became a little dassic,
and wa:" translated into French, German,
Dutch. Ru:,sian, and other languages. At
the commencement of the .. St. Xicholas"
magazine for young folks in H;7:3, )lrs.
Dodge assumed the editorship. a position
I'he f;till held in Hmo. During her earlv wid-
owhood. she marle her home at the Mapes
farm. near "
a\.erly.
. J., subsequently re-
turning to New York eity, where she became
a leader in literary amI artistic circles.
Other hooks. he"ities those alreadv men-
tioned, are .. A Fpw Friend". un II I1òw Thev
Amu...ed Them"dH's" (18üfl), .. Hhymes an<l
Jingl
s" (H
Î -1). .. Theophilu" allll OtllPrs"
(187Ú). .. .\.ìong the "
ay'" poems (m79),
amI" Donald and Dorothy" (1t!83).
DORGAN, John Aylmer, lawyer. h.
Philadelphia, Penn., 12 Jan., 1
1j. Hmdu-
atell at the Philallelphia central high school.
'Vas o("cupied in a law otJjce ofthat city un-
til his early death by cunsumption. Con-
trihuted poetry to the ..
\.tlantic 1\lonth-
ly" and other magazine", and publishell
.. Stuùie"," poems (l
li:.?, re\"Ï,.;ed eds.. 18U-1
anfl1Hfili). Diell,Philaùelphia, Penn., 1 Jan.,
1Hfi7..
DORR, Julia Caroline [Ripley], h.
Charlcston, S. ('., 1:
Feb.. lt5:.?:ï. He,.;idell in
X ew York until her marriage, in 11)-17. to
Sl'neea R. Don', when she removell to Hut-
lanel. \
t., where she sub"eq uf'ntly livell. ßp-
came a contrihutor to the magazines ::.hortl V"
after her marl"Íage, and puhÌi
hed four 110\:-
el,.;, It hook (leseriptive of" BermUtla" (18H-1),
finll till' folll)wing ,"olumes of ,-erf;e:" Poems"
(l H 71), .. Friar Anselmo, and Other Poems"
(lHi!J) " Daybreak. an Easter Poem ., (1HH
),
aIlll .. Aftt'rnoon
on
" " (1
R;j).
DOUGLAS, Stephen Arnold,statesman.
h. Brandon, \Tt., 2:3 .April. 1t!1:-J. Be
lm to
practise law at Jacksom-ille. Ill.. in H
:1-t,
and 1'0,.;1' throu
h various ,.;tate offices to be U.
S. rplll'e,.;entative. 18-1:i-Î. and U. S, ,.;cnator,
1H-t7-fil.
\.s the Democratic c'amlillate for
pre"itlent, was defeateù hy Lincoln in It'(ìO.
He advocated the theory of leaving the
question of slavery- to the citizens of states
and territories, which was known as .. pop-
ular
overeignty," hut loyally support I'd the
rnion at the outbreak of the ci,"il war.
Die(l. Chicago, Ill.. a June. 1Xfi1.
DOUGLASS, Frederick, emalH'ipator.
b. Tu('kahoe. Talbot Co.. .:.\ld.. Feh.. 11)17.
E"caped from slawry at Baltimore in 1831),
and after Iceturing as agent of the .i\Ia:,:"a-
chusetts anti-,.;larcrv :,:ocietv for several
years. edited "The Xorth Sial''' at Roch-
ester, X. Y.. from 18-17 until the abolition of
slan'rv. Wa:,: afterward T". S. marshal fur
thc Di;trict of Columbia, and Co S. minister
to HavtL Author of "Life and Times of
Fredei'ick Dou.
IH";s .. (1 '4
'3).
DOWNING, Andrew Jackson, land-
scape-ganlenel', h. Xewburgh, X.Y..
OOct.,
1813. Concluded a nur"pl'V with hi,.. hrother
at that place aIlll studie(lliLllllscape-garden-
ing. IIis fil,,,t hook, " I.JHndseape GanleniIlg"
and Rural
\..rehitecture" (1
4l), at once 1Je--
came a ,..tand:1.l'(1 on its :,.ubject. It was
folIo" ed hy .. Cottage Residenees" (l
42),
,. Fruits alII I Fruit Trees of.A ll1trieu .. (1843),
md. after his death, hv .. Rural Essavs"
(1
5a). Drownell in the liudson. at the lnlrn-
ing of the f;Ìl'amboatllenry Clay, near Y on-
ker". X. Y.. 2H .Julv. 1R)
.
DRAKE, Joseph Rodman, h. X ew Y (Irk,
X. Y" 1 7
\.ug., 1.1),). "-u" mafle an orphan
while (-iuite
oung. and underwent a hanl ex-
perient:e ,Üth pOH'rty. In 11:na he entered
upon the study of medicine, receiving his de-
gree three years later. :O;oon married the
ùaug:hter of Ilenry Eckfonl, a wealthy ship-
builder, and was thereby plueed in comfort-
ahle ('ireumstances. Yi
itl'tl Europe with his
wife in 1tH
. He passed the winter of 1HH)-
20 at XI'W (Irleall", on ae('uunt of ftLiling
hcalth, an(l returncIl to Xew 1.'or!,;: in the
spring with an atta<.k of consumption that
800n 1'1'0\ ed fatal. Drakt.' co III po"ed verses as
a child. The earliest l'opJI1 whil.h ha" been
pre"ern(l. "The :\locking Bird." was 'Hittcn
at the age of fourteen. lIis a(,c[1u1Ïntance
"ith Fitz-(TI'eene Halleck hegan in1
1
, and
e'-cn ,-ears later thc,' contrihutf'd to the X,
Y. .. f
'-ening Po,-t "'the serie
of humorous
poems kno\\ n a" the "Croaker" papers,
These verses \\el'" li\""el
. sallie" at local puL-
lie ehanwters.uwl ercated mueh amusement.
The
. were puhlishecl in a volume by the
Bradford clubofXew York, 1t-1ÜO. .. The Cul-
prit Fay." '\1"itten in 1
19. or. nCl'Onling to
one ae("ount.in I
Hi, grpw out of a eon ,-ersa-
tion with some of Hmk..'" fellow authors, in
which it 'HlS a,,:,ertell hv tlwm that .\.meriean
river,.; were nut It ,",uihible theme for roman-
tie treatment. Thi" pl.em, the " .\.merif'an
Flag. .. allll a f>e!f'ction from hi" ot her metri-
cal writing". '\ere publi...llCll hy hi" Ilaughtpr
as .. The Culprit Fay. 111111 Other Pupms"
(1
:
Ö). .Xew yllitisms al
l'l'
lJ'c
l iI,l lH-.!ì a
lù
11)()ü. DIed.
cwìork,
. \., ;.,l:-;el't., 1
;.,0.
504
DRAKE-DUNLAP.
DRAKE, Samuel Gardner, antiquarian,
b. Pittsfield, X. II.. 11 Oct.. 1798. Estab-
li
hed an antiquurian Lookstore at Boston,
1
:J0, andellitedallllreprinted numyvaluable
work
relating to colonial history. A. found-
er of the
. E. IIistoric-genelllogical society
and of the Buston Prince :5oeietv. Author of
"The History and Antiquities' of Boston"
(l
.j{j) and "Riston- of the .French and In-
dian 'Var" (1870). 'Died, Boston, Mass., 14
June. lR7,j.
DRAPER, John William, scientist, h.
f;t. Helen'f;. near LiH'rpool. :England, 3
l\fa,-, 1811. Studied for a while at the uni-
yersitv of ]..oIHlon. Came to
.\.l11erica in
18:3
, ànd graduate-d as a ph
sician at the
university of PenIlsvh"ania. \Yu
l'onnected
with the inedical dèpartment of the ulIivcr-
ity of :x ew York as professor and president
from 1839 unti11873. His lli"co\'(-ries in pho-
tography Hlltl other depm'tmeuts of physics
gave him a national and foreign reputation.
Besides his technical writings, he was the
author of "Historv of the Intellectual 1>c-
wlopmellt of Eur()pe" (18(j2). .. Thoughts
on the Future Civil Policy of Amerieu"
(18(i.')), and" History of the Conflict hetwel'n
Religion and Science ,. (l8; .,1). Died. Hast-
ings-on-Ihulson, X. Y., 4 .Tau., 18
2.
DRAYTON, William Henry, f;tates-
man and juri:-t, b. .. Dra
ton lIall." Ashley
RiH'r. S. ('., Sept.. 1742. Grtuluated at Ox-
ford. lIppo:,;ed the early patriotic move-
ments pl"(.'('erling the Hcvolution, and was
appointell privy councillor aUll assistant
judge of the province, but soon adopted the
.American cause and lost his judgeship by
}mhlishing a pamphlet containing an
\meri-
can ., bill of rights." In March, 1776, was
ngain made pri
"y councillor and also chief
justice hy the South Carolina government,
and in the latter capacity deli,-ered several
important charges to the Charleston grand
jury expounding American principles. He
left materials for a historvof the Hevolution.
afterwarù edited bv his son. Died. Philadcl-
rhia. Penn.. 3 Sf'pt., 1.79.
DRISLER, Henry, educator, b. Staten
Island, X. Y., 27 Dec.. unt!. Graduated at
<...'olumbia. where he was adjuuct-professor
and profes:,;or of I,Min from 1843 to 18G7,
ùecoming' professor of Greek in the latter
rear.
\eting pre!'idellt of Columbia. 1t;1;
9.
Editor of numerous elas
ical text-books, and
of ne\v editions of Liddell and Scott's Greek
IJexieon (lR.jl-R3).
DUDLEY, Thomas, coloni:4, h. Xo^h-
ampton. Em;lund.l.;7ß (Savage). 'Vas !'tew-
\l'(l for the Earl of I..incoln, and rehabilitat-
d his estatef;. Be('ame a non-conformist,
and sHiled with \\ïnthrop's company as
deputy-governor of the :\Iassachusetts col-
ony. in the summer of ] nao.
ened a:" go v-
('rnor four
ears aUll as deput)'-go,-crnor
thirteen years. \Vas the principal founder
of Camhridge, .:\Iass. Died, Roxbury, l\Iass.,
31 July, W:):-t .
DUFFIELD, Samuel Willoughby,
clergyman. b, Brooklyn. N. Y.. 24 Sept.,
1843. Graíluated at Yale. Was for man V
years pastor of a Presbyterian church iil
Bloomfield, X. J. .A. writer for the religious
press oYer the signature ., .A.nselmus," and
author of "'W Hrp and 'Y oof" (1870) ami
.. English Hymns, their Authors and His-
tory" (1
8ö). Died, Bloomfield, N. J., 12
Ma,-, 18t!7.
DUGANNE, Augustine Joseph Hick-
ey, b. 13o:,:ton.
fass., 18
:J. t'erwd HS a colo-
nd in the K. Y. volunteers during the ci,-il
war. Some of his war poems were favorites
wit h the soldiers. \\' as afterward employed
on the X. Y. "Trihune." Published seveml
books, among which are "Hantl Poems"
(1844), .. Poeti('al \V orks" (185ö), and
.. ('amJ)s amI Prison:." (lR{);j). Died, Kew
York. N. Y., 20 Od., 1Ht;4.
DUNLAP, William, {'Hinter and dmm-
ati:-.t, b. Perth .A.mboy, X. J., 19 Feb., 1700.
His futher was an Irish officer, who settled
at that place after taking part in the attack
on Quebec. The family remo,-ed to K ew
York city early in the Revolution, where
the son lost thl' sight of his right eye h}' an
accitlent. On his recovery, he de'
oted him-
self to the !'tUlly of drawing and painting.
Yisited England in 17
4, and recei,-ed in-
struction from Benjamin \Ve"t, the artist.
for three years. On his return to .A.nwrica,
began wrÍting for the stage. His first play
was accepted, but not producel1. His five-
act comedy, "The Father." was brought
out with success Ht Xew York, 7 Sept., l'ì
!")'
This was followed by other plays, l'aI.ticu-
larly .. Leicester" (1 'ì{)4), t he first Aml'ricnn
tragedy regularly produced. [n 1'j{)0 Dun-
lap joined the mètIwgement of the John
f;trect theatre in
ew York, and two years
later became manager of the old Park street
theatre. There he put on the
tage a lIum-
her of his own dramas, among others his
hlank-wrse tmgelly of "André" (1'ìf)
).
H is course as a manag-er w>>:-; brought to an
end hy hankruptcy in mo.j, and the re-
mainder of his life was chiefly de,'oted to
art and literature. His paintings were most-
ly portraits. hut in tIll' latter part of his life
he completell a f;eries of pidurps on Scrip-
turalsnbjccts, which were exhihited through
the countn-o lIe was a fOUllller amI \ ice-
president òf the Kational Al.tlllemy of De-
sign. Some of his hooks arc "The Life of
George Fred. Cooke" (1
12). "Life of
Charles TIrockden Bmwn" (1 HI.")). ,,
\ 11 is-
tm"\' of the
.\.meriean Theatre ., (lk:;:!). anù
.. iIistory of the Hi"e allli Prog-re,,
of tho
A rt of Design in the e nited States" (18:34).
The Dunláp soeiety of X ew York city
takes it" name from thb author, and has
issueù scholarly reprint:; of some of his
D URIVAGE-ED WARDS.
505
plays, etc. Died,
ewYork, K.Y., 28 Sept.,
1830.
DURIV AGE, Prancis Alexander, b.
Boston, ::\Ias
., 11314. A nephew of Edward
Everett. Engaged in journali!';tic work at
Boston as a young man, and afterward
contributed ver:;e, fiction, and humorous
sketches to the ma,g1tzines. Author of "Life
S
enes from the World around C s "(1833).
Died. Xew York, X. Y., 1 Feu., 11':)tH,
DUYCKINCK, Evert Augustus, b.
Xew York, X. Y., 2:3 XOL, 18lü. Gradu-
ated at Columùia. Studied law, which he
gave up for literary pursuits after ueing ad-
mitted to the }m.r in 18
i. Tra\"elled in Eu-
rope aml on his return edited, at X ew York,
with Cornelius :\1athe'W5, a monthly period-
ical entitled " Ar('turu
, a Journal of Books
and Opinion" (18-10-2). Also edited, with
his brother, George Long Duyckinck, the
K. Y. "Literary World" (113-1i-53), a week-
ly review of literature and art. Evert and.
George Duyckinck were engaged for man)
years in writing the" Cyclopædia of Amer-
ican Literature," the fir:;t edition of which
appeared in IS.3r,. Ten years later a new
cdition was bsued, with a supplement uy
Evert Duvckinck. Other works of the latter
were" Xãtional Gallery of Eminent Amer-
icans" (11300), .. History of the 'W orId"
(1t5iO), and" Biographies of Eminent l\Ien
.aud \Yomen of Europe and America"
(18i3-4). Died, Xew York, X. Y., 13 Aug.,
1
ìl).
DWIGHT, John Sullivan, musical crit-
ic, b. Boston, :\las5., 13 ::\lay, 1t513. Gradu-
ated at Harvard. Entered the Unitarian
ministry. Shortly after, joined the com-
munity at Brook Farm, of which he was a
founder. Uesided at Boston after 11:;48,
chiefly occupied with musical criticism,
and was editor of "Dwight's Journal of
l\Iusic "(1852-81). Author of original verse
and of tran
lations from German poetry.
DWIGHT, Theodore, journali4, b.
Northampton, Ma:-:>., 1:) Dec., 1ì(j-1. Brother
of Timothy Dwight. E(litor of newfj1apers
at Hal.tford. Conn., _\.luany, N. 1:., and
New York citv. unt il hi:,; retirement in 1
:W.
A principal .contributor to "The Echo"
(lì!H-G), and" The Political Green-House"
(lìU!)), metrical i'atires written hv the so-
called ., Hartford Wits." ::;ecretÙvof the
" Hart ford UOII\"ention," 1814, an<i author
of a " lIi:-:tory " (1
:J:
) of that as;:;emulage.
Died, XewYork. X. Y.. 12 Jnne. 1
..W.
DWIGHT, Timothy, <livine, u. North-
ampton,
Iass., 14 :\Iay, 1 i,32. Son of a mer-
chant of that place. His mother was a
(laughter of Jonathan Edwunb, and he re-
('ei ved his earlie4 in:;truction from her.
Gnuluate<l with honors at Yale when seven-
teen years old, nwl continued there as stu-
dent and tutor from 17(j!) to 1777. In the
latter year he auandoned the
tudr of the
law, wl-lich he had taken up, and 'Was ap-
pointec1 a chaplain in the Continental army,
serving until his father's death in 1 ii8
necessitated his return to Northampton.
During the period of this ehaplaincy he
wrote his popular war-song, "Columbia."
Remained at Xorthampton for five years,
engaged in managing- his family's farm and
in occa:sional preaching. From 17
3 until
1 in.3 he was pastor of the church at Grepn-
field, Conn., at the same time conducting an
academy for the education of uoth sexes. In
1 iO,3 was chosen president of Yale college,
to succeed President Stiles, and continued
in the position until his death, holding at
the same time the professor
hip of theology
and the college pastorate. President Dwight
introdueed many reforms into the adminis-
tration of the coÌlege and tripled the number
of its students during his presidency. His
divinity sermons were puulished after his
death, in five volumes, as "Theology, Ex-
plainedand Defended" (181
), awork which
has pai'sed through numerous editions in
America and Europe. Three years later ap-
peared his "Travels in X ew England and
X ew York" (1
21), detailing his observa-
tions during a succession of summer jour-
neys through those regions. In ad(lition to
these works there were publi:-:hed during his
life "The Conquest of Canaan," an epic
poem (1ì85), "The Triumph of Infidelity,"
a satirical poem (1 i88), "Greenfield Hill,"
a poem (179-1), and "Hemurks on the Re-
view of Inchifluin's Letters" (1
1.3), uesides
several minor works and many discourses.
Died, XewIIaven, Conn., 11 Jãn., 1817.
EASTMAN, Charles Gamage, journal-
ist, b. Fryeuurg, )le.. 1 June, 18lö. Gradu-
ated at the uni,-ersity of Vermont. Found-
ed the" LamoiIle Hiver Express" at .10hn-
son. Vt., 1t'i:
8, and the" :-;pirit of the Age"
at \V ood:;tock, Vt., 11:1-10. In 184t.i bought the
" Yermont Patriot" of .:\Iontpelier. \Vas
a memher of the state senate, H;.31-2. Au-
thor of .. Poems" (1848, revil'ed ed. 1880).
Died, :\Iontpelier. Vt., 1
(jO.
EATON, Arthur Wentworth Hamil-
ton, b. Kentville, N. S.. 10 Dec., 1t;.)4.
Graduated at Ran.al'll. "
as for :-:everal
years rector of an Episcopal church at Bos-
ton, )Iass. Afterward taught and lectured
on English literature. Author of .. The
Heart of the ('recds " (1R81-ì) and" Acadian
Legell<1
al1<l Lyricf: .. (1
8!1).
Eaton, Dorman Bridgman [.LVoted Say-
ing: Yo!. XL. pagl' 4.")1:;], h. Hardwick. Yt.,
27 June, 1823.
\. memut'r of the uar of
New York city, and U. 8. civil senic!' com-
mb5ioner under Pre
idents Grant, lla) es,
and ClC\"eland.
EDW ARDS, Harry Stillwell, journal-
ist, b. ::\Iacon. Ga., 2
April, 1:-ì.,)4. Gmdu-
ate<1 from the law department of :\ler('er
ulliver
ity. )1acon. Began tlH' praetice of
506
EDW.ARIJS-ELIOT.
law. In 18.9 joined the editorial staff of
the l\Iacon "Telegraph," of which be be-
came part owner two years later. Subse-
quently was editor of the )Iacon "Sunday
Times" and" Evening New
" respectively
nntil1
8. His dialect stories and poems
were puhlished chiefly in the "Century"
anù " Harper's ., magazines.
ome of them
are collf'cte<l in .. Two Runaways, and
Other Stories " (1S
9).
EDWARDS, Jonathan, dh-ine, h. .East
'Yinù,.;or, <..Jonn., 5 Oct., 1iOð.
on of HI'\'.
Timothy Eù warùs of that plaee. Became
deeply interested in religion while a child,
and beg-an the stuùy of metaphysics about
the time of hislHhnÏ:>sion to Yale, which took
plaee in his thirteenth year. G.lÌned high
honors at college, and remained two yt'ars
after graùuation, while stuùying for the
ministry. Preached at Xew York for eight
months' in 1 ì22-:3, anù Buh"equcntly helJ. a
tutor:-hip at Yale until1ì2G, when he heeame
the colleague of Ins gr.:tndfathcr, the Hey.
SoloUlon
todùard, ill the church at Xorth-
umpton, :Mass. Although his ministry at this
place was noted for its revivals of relig-ious
interest, notablv in 17'3.3, he was finally ùis-
misseù in 1ì.30 for insisting on too strict 00-
serntllCes hr partakers of the communion.
From that time untiI1'j.")7 he was missionary
to the Indians and minister at
tockbriùge,
:\Iass. In the latter year he was offered anù
accepted the presitieney of the college of
Xew Jerse
' at Princf>ton, taking offiee the
following Fehruan-. lie had !'el"Yeil hut one
month ,,;Iwn his irioculation for tl){'
JIlall-
pox was attended with fatal results.
elec-
tiuns from the note-hooks of Edwanis are to
he foumi in the ,.
[emoir" by S. E. Dwight
(1
:
0), awl they display early and deep in-
sight into natural philosophy and metaphys-
ical nn"steries. His fanlOus " Freedom of the
'Will ". (17.)-1) haR esta1Jli
hed his reputation
as the equal. if not the superior. of uny phi-
losopherof his periO!I.
\ll of hi::: treatises and
sermons are imhued with the spirit of Cal-
vinism pure and simple. Of the sermons, the
most noted is that entitleù "Sinners in the
hands of an tmgry GOII," preached at En-
field, Conn.., in 1.41. llis power oyer lan-
guage and his earne
tness were su('h that. in
spite of a slender frame al1fl somewhat weak
yoie.c, the etl'e('t on his hearers was often ex-
traordinarv. Some of his works are" Xar-
rnti,-e of Surprising Conyer;;;ions" (17HIi),
" Treatise on Religious .Affcetions " (1746),
and "OriginalSin"{1ì.37). Edition.;;; of his
writings were published in 1tJO!J. It!ðO, and
It!;,2. Died Princeton, X. J., 22 :\[a1'., 17,;H.
EGAN, Maurice Francis, educator, b.
Philaùelphia, Penn., 2-1 l\Iny, 1
52. Gradu-
ated at La Salle eollege. In 1
ì8 was made
profes
or of English literature at George-
to\\ n college. From 18tH to 1
88 was editor
of the X. Y. " Freeman's Journal, ., hecoming
in the latter
ear prnfess0r of English liter-
a!nre and belles-lettrf'8 in the u!1iYer
ity of
1\otre Dame, IneI. Authorof "'I hat Girl of
)Iine." a nOYel (18;9), "Preludes" (1880),
"
ongs and Sonnets" (1
t!()), anù "Lec-
tures on English Literature" (18
9).
EGGLESTON, Edward, h. Yemv. Ind.,
10 Dec., 18:37. Delicate health preventeù him
from attending a college. Pursued his stud-
ies in the intervals of illness at IlOllW, anù
gained a fnir kno\\ }.>Ilge of Lntin al1fl Greek,
Lesides cxtensiYe familiarity \\ ith .English
anù Continelltalliterature. Ue>eamea )Ieth-
odist preacher at the age> of ninpteen, riding
a four-weeks circuit in I mlinna.
ix month::;
of this work obliged ñ
m to remo,-e to 1IIin-
nesobt for his health. where he became a,
general agent of the Bihle society, and was.
pastor of severnl different ehurchès. He WHS
finally compelled to abamlon mini!'terial
duties and enter journalism. Uemoyed to
l
,-anston, Ill., in 18{iü, where he held an
editC'rial position on the" Little Corporal,"
to which he hall Ellreatly contrihuted chil-
dren's stories. The following year beearne
etlitor of the Chic-ago "
unday-Schoo)
Teacher, .. the cireulation of which increased
!'evcnfohl under hi::; management. From
1t\ìO to 18î2, ha ,-ing come East in the former
Year, he was sueces
i'-eh literan" edItor of
the X. Y. "IlIllependeÌÜ"an,l' ellitor of
"IIeurthand Home:' 'J'othelatterofthese
periollicnls was contributeù his novel" The
lIoo::;ier ::;ehoohmtsh'r O '{18,1), whid1 reach<,ù
a large sale in hook form. Dr. Eggleston was
pastor of a church in Brooklyn,1\. Y., 1874-
U, and was a.
aill ohliged to retire by failing
health, making his home at Lake George,
X. y.
OJlle of his "ork,-; tire .. End of the
W orlù "(1t!î2), .. The Circuit Hider" (874),
"Christ in Literat ure" (1
7,3). "Roxy"
(1878), "The Gray
ons "(1SHt'), ., II istory of
the r nited States and its People: for the r se
of :-;chools" (1
:::;), and" A lIistory of Life
in the United
tatl's." part (If whicil has ap-
peared in the" Century .:\lRgazine."
EGGLESTON, George Cary, journal-
ist. h. Ye\ay. Inù., 20 Xov., 1t-1:W. Brother
of Edward Eggle
ton. Gnulullted at Rich-
mond college, Ya. Studied la" and Legan
practiee, abandoning it to serve through Lthe
ciyil war in tJ1(> Confederate army. Enterell
journalism in BrooldYl1, N. Y., '18,0. Was
for a time editor of ., Hearth and Home,"
and was literary editor of the X. Y. "Even-
ing Post," 1t5î.3-t;1. Rel'ame editor-in-chief
ofthe X. Y. "Commf'rcÏal Adverti!'er," 188G.
.Author of" A ReLel's Hecollpctions" (187,:)),
" Strange :-;tories from History" (It'S!)), and
sevcml hooks for boys. Edited" ..American
\\' ar Ballads and Ly'ri('s" (1889).
ELIOT, Charles William, educator, b.
Roston, :\Iass.. 20 )[ar.. 1t'34. Graduated at
Han-ant Ho\,;
. Reeame tntor in mathe-
matics at that university, 11':;.").1, anù was ap-
ELIOT-EMERSON.
507
pointell a
si
tant profe
or of mathematics
and chemistry, 18.)
. :->tudied (.hemi
try in
Europe, 1863-5, and in 18(ì3 accepted' the
professorship of chemistry at the }la:,-,...;tehu-
setts institute of technolo:JY. "-as made
president of Harvard, 18 f ifJ. During his ad-
ministration the s'-stcm of electh-e studies
su perseded that or" prescribeù courses in the
university. Among the most notable of
many addresses on public occasions and be-
fore learned societie
, are those delivered at
the inauguration of Daniel C. Gilman a
presÜlent of Jr)hn
Hopkins uniwr
ity and
at the lIarvar(l cþ B J( reunion of It:;88.
ELIOT, John, "the apostle of the Ind-
ians," b. probably in Wiùford, IIertfonl-
shire, Englanù, where he was haptized on.)
Aug.. H.iO-1 (Ellsworth Eliot). Graduatcll at
Cambriùge uni,-ersity. \\-as subsequently
an u
her at the sehool kept by Rev. Thomas
I looker. near Chelmsford, E
ex. Emi-
gTatel1 to Xew England to a,-oid religious
pprsecution. arri,"ing at B040n, ;:J XOy.,
w:n. Preached there f(lra \\hile in the ah-
:--ence of John \\ïbon, aIllI on the lattcr's
return was establbhed "teae'her" of the
church at Roxhury, Thomas "-chIP being
his colleag-ue. Was conecrned with \Y('lile
and Riehàrd :\lather in preparing the ., Ray
Psalm Book" (
ee l\1ATHER, HII"IL\RD). In
lU-!U malIc fir
t sprious efforts towarÜ the
conversion of the Indian
, in whieh he took
an acti'-e inten.
t for the re
t of hi
life,
though retaining his po
ition at HOÀhury.
Converts were collectecl from Ilifferent Ind-
ian settlements at Xatick. :\la
., mlll a
town of .. praying Inùian
,. e
tahli
hed
there in 16.")1. A churl'h wa
formed in
WHO. Eliot h:ul heg-un the traD-slut ion of
the Bible into one of the )lohegan dialects
a
earlv a
W.")l. awl thp Xcw 'l'e
tamcnt in
I ndian' was prï"nte(l at Cambridge, :\1 ass. ,
lUG1. The Old Testament :Ll'pearell in 1(jli:J.
These were precet](>d al)(l follo" eel h
nu-
merous other tran
lation:,:. Yarious tracts
de
crihing the progre
of I mlian regenera-
tion were pnhIished, portions of them being
written bv Eliot. Sueh were .. The Clear
un-shine' of the Go
p('1 Rre:lking Forth
l'ponthe Inùians"(1ö-!
), "The Light AP-
pearing JIIure and more towllnls the l'erfeet
Hay" (1ö.") 1). etc. Of his own" riting's in
EngIi:--h were publishe.l "The Chri
tiau
Commonwealth" (W.H). "The Communion
of ('hurches" (Hifj.")). amI ., The IlamlOny of
the Go
pel
" (WiH). The settkments of
cOll\'ertell Indian
were much reduceù Ilur-
ing King Philip's war, and gmùually dis-
appeared after Eliot's ùeath. Died, HOÀ-
lnll'
-. )ra
,....,
o :\Iay, 1ö!)O.
ELLIOTT, Maud [Howe], b. TIm-ton,
l\la
.. H Xov., 1 H.").,. Daug-htN' of .Julia
\Yard II owe. Early hegan
Hitjng for the
I're"
. \Vas marriefl, IHtJ7, to John Elliott,
an English arti
t, their hOllle being at Chi-
cago, Ill.
\uthor of ,,
\. Xewport Aqua-
relIe" (1S8:-J). "The San Rosario Ranch"
(1884), " Atalanta in the South ., (188ü), and
" )Iammon "(1
1-i
).
ELLSWORTH, Erastus Wolcott, in-
ventor. b. East \Yindsor, Conn., 2i XOy.,
1t!
2. Gmlluated at
\.mherst. l{psiùed dur-
ing youth in Xew York. an(l snh
equently
at Ea
t Wind
or IIill. occupiecll'artly with
farming, but chiefly with his inYentions, of
"hich he patenteel a number in drawin.g-
instruments anel hydraulic and
team ma-
ehinery.
\.uthor of a volume of .. Poems"
(183:>): anù an occasional contributor to the
magazine
,
ELLSWORTH, Oliver, jnri4. b. 'Winù-
or, ('01111.. 29 April. 174:). Gmduated at
Princeton. Began the I'l"èwticc of law at
Irartforcl, Conn., in 1771. Took an active
part in the Revolutionary government of
Connectieut, wa
elected to the Continental
congre:<
in lìt)3, and attemled the Phila-
delphia con
titutiGnal convention of 1 i
;.
\Yas
ucce
i,-eI,' IT.
. :-:enator fwm Con-
necticut, 1 i!:5!)-Ü:>. and ('hief ju4ice of the
e. S. supreme court, 1'ì!)ü-1t!OO. In 1800
he headed the cornmi
sion which effected a
com-ention with France. Died, \\ïmbor,
Conn., 26 Xov., 1807.
EMERSON, Ralph Waldo, rnollern
PIHtoni
t, anù chief of the Concord group. b.
Bo
ton. )1 U";
., 2.) )la Y, 1t;0
t II is ancestors
011 the fat her's siùe, ,\ lth one f'xception, "ere
clergymen for six generatioll
, Ill' was al
o
a descendant of the Re,-. Pl'ter Bulkley. 11 is
father was Re\'. \\lllin.rn Emerson. pa
tor of
the Fir
t l'hun.h at Bo40n. William Em-
erson founded the Roston
\nthology ('Iub,
which was orgnnizell in 1t;O-t to corulucì the
.. )Ionthly .Antholog'y," The fatlterllyillg in
1811, HAlph \\Taldo's education wa
upl'r-
,iseù hy hi
mother, a yery superior woman.
Ill' was nl
() much influenced by hi.;; father's
ister, )li
s )lary )Ioody Emer
JII, to !'ome of
who
e writings tho,...e of her nephew hear a
markell re
elllhlanee in style and thoug-ht.
Elller
ou entered the Uo
ton Latin :,;ehool in
1t!W. ancl II a r \":11'1 I foul" Year
later. ',"hile
at i'Chool he comp()
ed a Iiumher of piel'e
in
'''er
e. and e'{cclle(l in hi" tlll'lllc
. .\t lIar-
vard he continuell his !itprarv work Hnd wa:,;
c11O
cn poet for cl/l
-day. . Graduating- in
1
21. he hecame in
tructor at hi" older
hrother's
chool for young ImIie" in Do
ton.
\fterward studied theolog,- umh'r IJr. l'han-
ning- awl n
a
peeial
itid('nt at the ('UIll-
briùge IIi, inity
('hool. anll wa
"approhatecl
to pn'ar-h" hy the :\1 ill(lIe
ex a
o('iation of
JIIini
tel'" in 1!-ì
f). \Ya
e'ho
en colleague of
Henry \Yare, .Jr., by the .
e('oTld chul'eh of
Bo
ton. :\lar., 1 R
n. alii hoon after "u('ceedel I
to tlU' full pa
torute. The connpction la4f>cl
until IH:
, when he re
i!!nf>d on aceount of
('ruple
again
t HlhniTli
t('riug the commun-
ion, althuugh he l'ontimwll al ways to preach
508
R.J.1L1ION8--EVERETT.
at some church on Snm1
ws until1
38, an<1
thereafter occa
ionall,," as "!ute a
HHì. Yis-
ited Europe early in'1
3, and became ac-
quainted with Carlyle and other distin-
gui
hed men of letters. Returning in the
autumn,heùeliwred hisfirstleeturesat Dos-
ton. Ill' liYed in the "Old )Ianse" at Concord
for a yenr, and in lf
8.) pureha
ed the hou
e
Ìn the same town whieh became his pf'rma-
nent home. E<1iteù with a prefuce the first
{'dition of ('arl
Ie':; " Sartor He"artus," 1t53ö,
and I'oon nfter with George Bipley and P. II.
Be<ke formf'<l tl}p socif'tv of Tran
cenden-
talists, whieh starte<l " the Dial " in 18.t0.
f.;uceee<lf'd )[argaret Fuller as editor of that
periodical two
'ears later Hnd con<lueted it
until1S44. contrihuting some forty articles
and poems. Ili
volume "Xature" hud ap-
pearecl in H
:Jli. 11 i
first eolleetion of " F.
-
savs .. was made in 1t'41. This Ilnd the suc-
ceè<1ing-l'l'Ose"oluuws were chieflyc()IlIpo"ed
of his lectures. They" ere" Essays" (1
41),
.. Essays. Secon<l
eries" (184-1.), .. )Iiscplla-
nil's ,. (1t!-!9). .. Hepre
pntatln ':\[en .. (lK;,OI.
" Engli
h Traits" (1t!.3Ü). .. The Conduct of
Life" (I
GO)." Society alllISolitude" (H370),
"I
ettf'rs Hnd Social A"im s" (1 t!ì.,)). and a post-
humous volume. .. Lectures and Biographi-
cal Sketche"." .. Poems" (IS-Hi) wu
followed
by "::\Iay-I>ay, and Other Pieces " (1807),
and collf'cti,'e eùitions of )11'. Emerson's
poetry were published in 11:)';() and suhse-
quently, He contrihutf'd to the" l\Iemoirs of
)I::!rgaret Fuller Ossoli" (lH.ì2), and e(litetl
"Parnassu:>"( 1H'ì4), an anthology of hi
poet-
ical fa,"orÏtes. Reyisited Europe in It147 nIllI
1
î2, lecturing extensively in England dur-
ing the fùrmer trip. In 1Ht!:
" The Corre-
spon<lence of Thomas Carlyle anù Ralph
\Ya1<1o Emerson: U
:J4-1872" was published,
Hl1<l in 18Hì theauthoritntin' ".Memoir" hv
J. E, Cabot. Vied, Concm'd,l\Iass.. 27 ApriL
18R2.
EMMONS, Nathanael, didne, b. Ea:;t
Haddam, ('snn.. 1 :\lav, 1745. Graduated at
Yale. 'Was pastor of the ::;econd church at
\Yrentham, )[a:>s., from 17ì3 until 1827,
when he retired from the pulpit. Publbhed
manv sermons and artieles in t he religious
periòdical
. Assisted in founding the '1\1 as-
sachu
etts mi:,
ionary soeiety. Guinea repu-
tation as an able theologian of the Hopkin-
sian
choo1. IIis .. \" ork:,," (lH4
) were
}mblished in six yolumes. Died, Franklin,
l\Iass., 23 Sept., lRl0.
ENGLISH, Thomas Dunn, physician,
h. Philwlelphia. Penn., 2t1 JUllf', V31!).
Graduated in me<licine at the unh-ersit\, of
Pennsylvania. and was admitte<l to the hal',
181
, 1mt wa" chiefly occupied with journal-
i:-õm allù literature until IH:ï!1. lIe then es-
tahlished himself a:> a physieian in Kew .Jer-
eY. and wns a resident of Xf'wllrk in 1H!lO.
Author of the popular baUH<l .. Bl'n Bolt,"
of " Poems" (1t1.j3), "The Logan Grazier"
(poem), "Americnn Ballads" (1882), and a.
number of novels and dramaf'.
EV ANS,Nathaniel, clergyman. b. Phila-
delphia. Penn., R ,Tune, 1ì42: Graduated at
the college of Philadelphia. Preached in
Gloucester county, X. J.. as a mÌ:::sionarv of
the British
ociet
. for propagating the gos-
pel in foreign parts, ha,-ing previously been
ordained in England by the .Bishop of l
on-
don. "Popms on Several Occa
ions" (1';72)
were collected and puhli
hed by his friends
after his death. Died, Gloucester Co., N. J.,
29 Oct., 1 ì07.
BV ARTS, William Maxwell, states-
man awl lawyer, h. .Boston, )Ia
s., 6 Feb.,
It!lt!. Graduated at Yale. Entered the bar,
1
-!1. Held public offices and won distinction
in leading l'asc
. Chairman of New York
delegation in Hepublican national conven-
tion of 18tiû, and propo
ed Seward for presi-
dent. Leading counsel for PresÏllent John-
son when impeal'hed, and for Henry \Vard
Beecher. 18î;). 'Was counsel for the Cnited
States before the Genent court of arhitra-
tion OIl the AlavrtllW claims, 18.2, and secre-
tary of state in President IIayes's cabinet.
Del'ame r. S. senator from X ew York in
1I3t)3. Delh-ered orations 9t the Philadel-
phia Centennial of 18'ìG, and at the ullveil-
ing of the Seward, 'W f'hster, and Liberty
statues in K ew York city.
EVERETT, Alexañder Hill, diploma-
tist, L. Boston, :Ma:>s., ltIl\Iar.,1792. .Brother
of .Edward Everett. Gl'aùuated at Hanard.
Soon entereù the r. S. diplomatic service as
ecrptary at st. Petersburg. \Yas afterward
C S. minister to the
etherlanùs and to
pain, anù was apPoÌnted P. S. commbsion-
er to (,hina.1845, .Eùiteù the "North Amer-
ican Revie\v." 1t12D-34, and published two
volumes of .. Critical and :i\Iiseellaneous J
s-
says" (184:>-ti). Die<l, \Iaeao, China, 28
June, 1847 (Appleton).
EVERETT, David, journalist, b.
Princeton, l\las
.. 2D ::\lar.. 17ìO (Drake),
Graduated at Dartmouth. Studied law and
pmctised for some years. Contributed to
Joseph Dennie's "Fanner's )Iuseum," and
in It)09 edited the Roston" Patriot." Pub-
li
hed two volumes of seleetion:> from his
writings and a drama. Died,
larietla, 0.,
21 Dec.. 1tn:t
EVERETT, Edward, h. Dorehester,
)[a
s., 11 April, 179-!. Son of a Boston eler-
gyman. Graduated at Hanard, where he
remainf'<l as tutor for two years. delin'ring
the iþ JJ]{ poem of 1t512. Became pa:;tor
of the .Bmttle street r nitarian ehurch at
Roston, Hn:-l. ""as appointe<l profe:>:;or of
Greeh. ut I1arnml the following )f'ar, and
studieù fOllr year
in Europe to fit himself
for the position, \\ hich h(' filkd from IH19
to 1824. Edited the .. Xorth
\.merican He-
,iew" during the slime period. \Vas U. S.
l'epresentati\ drom l\Iassachusetts, It::2.3-33,
FAUGERES-FESSE.NDEN.
509
and was for four years after governor of the
state, being It Whig in politics. From 1t;41
to 184.:; was U. S. mini:4pr to England, and
E>ucceeded Daniel \Vebster a:-;
ecretary of
state, 18.:;2-3. In 1t;53 he became L. S. sen-
ator from )Ias
achusetts, retiring in m54 on
nccount of ill health.
\ttention was called
to his qualities as an orator by his iþ B K
adùress at Harvard in 1824 on " Literature
in America..' Th
p.after he was in constant
demand as a public speaker, and delivered a
long succession of oration:o;, addresses, amI
eulogies. lIe raised, 1S':;ü-9, nearly $GO,OOO
for the purchase of Mt. Yernon, by the repe-
tition of his oration on \Va::::hington through
the country, and received $10,000 more for
the same purpose from the N. Y. .. Ledger"
for a series of articles. For other charities
he obtained about $20,000 from the proceeds
of various addresses. The unsuccessful can-
didate, for the pre:-;idency, of the party of
compromise in HmO, he exerted himself in
behalf of the Lnion during the civil war,
and delivered the oration at the con:-;ecra-
tion of the national cemetery at Gettyslmrg,
No,'., 1803. Four vohunesofhis" Orations
and Speeches" (1S;J0-G8) werc published.
Died, Boston, l\Iass., 1:) Jan., 18G5.
FAUGERES, Margaretta V. [Bleeck-
er], b. Tomhannock (sometimes written
Tomhanick), near Alhany, X. Y., 1 iil.
Daughter of
\nn Eliza Bleecker. "'as mar-
ried to Peter Faug-eres, a X ew York physi-
cian, and lived with him in great povertv.
After his death supported herself by teach-
ing. Some of her poems are appended to
her mother's" Posthumous \Vorks" (179P'),
which she edited. Diell, X ew York, X. Y.,
9 Jan., 1801.
FAUNTLEROY, Virginia Peyton, b.
Arcata, CaI., 18-. After 1881 resided at
Santa .Maria in the same state, where she
engage<l in teaching. A contributor of
poetry to the magazines.
FAWCETT, Edgar, b. New York, N.
Y., 26 :\[ay, 1t;4i. Graduatell at Columbia.
\Vith the exception of occasional visits to
:Europe, a constant resident of Xew York
city, making his summer home at Hye, X. Y.
An author by training and profession, al1ll
entirely devoted to literary work. The scenes
of most of his novels are laid in his native
city. Some of his many volumes of fiction are
"Purpleanll Fine Linen" (1873), " .A IIope-
le:-.:; Case" (1881), .. The .Ad,"entures of a
Widow "(18
4), .. SOeÍal Silhouf'tÜ"s" (1
8':;),
"The IIou:-;eat H ig-h Bridg-e" (1t;H7). "Oli via
Delaplaine " (1KH
). allll .. Solarion " (1
89).
Author of sevemll'lay:-;, the mo:-;t succe
:-;ful
of which was .. The Fal:-;e Friend" (procl uced,
1880). His volumes of poetry are "Short
Poems for Short People" (1871), .. Poems of
j1'antasy and Pas:-;ion" (1R78), .. Song and
Story" (18H4), "The Buntlillg Ball" (1t;
4),
and" Romance and Itevcry" (1t:j8G). Ill' also
brought out" Agnosticism, and Other Es-
says" (1RR9).
FAY, Theodore Sedgwick, Iliplomati
t,
h. Xew ï ork, X. Y.. 10 Feb., 1t;07. Studied
law, but soon entered journalism. \Yas sec-
retaryof the American legation at Berlin.
183'7-5:3. and U. S. minister to Switzerland
until 1l:ìGl. Afterward resided chiefly at
Berlin. Publishf'd" Dreams and Revèrie:;
of a Quiet )Ian.' (1832), ., Xorman Leslie"
(18;3:)). ,. rlric, a Poetic Romance" (18.;1),
and" Great Outlines of Geography" (1t;Gi).
FEARING, LillienBlanche, b. Daven-
purt, la., 18G4. Graduated at the Iowa col-
lege for the blind. A continuous re::'Îdent
of Da,"enport. Author of ,. The Sleeping
'V orId, and Other Poem:-; '. (18 R 7).
FELTON, Cornelius Conway, scholar,
b.
ewburr, l\la:-;s., 6 Xov., 1
U7. Graùu-
ated at Harvard, where he became Eliot
professor of (heek literature in 1t;34, and
president of the university in 1KüO. Contrib-
uted lIlany papers to the magazines. Be::::ides
several Greek text-books and transl:ltions of
Gl'rnUtll and French standard works, he was
the author of "Familiar Letters from Eu-
rope " (1
G4) and "Greece, Ancient and
:\Iodern .. (1867). Died, Chester, Penn.. 26
Feb., 1t'G2.
FENNER, Cornelius George, clergy-
man, b. Providence, H. I., 30 Dec., 1t\2
.
Graduated at Brown uniyer:-;itv, and hecame
a Cnitarian clergyman at (;ineinuati, O.
In 1846 appeared his "Poems of .:\Iany
Iood
." Diel1. Cincinnati. 0.. 4 Jan., 1K47.
FERGUSON, Elizabeth [Graeme], b.
n('ar Philadelphia, Penll., 1,:3!). Daughter
of Thomas Graeme, a Philadelphia phy::::i-
ciano 'Vas married to a Sí'otch gentleman
named Ferguson. from whom she was sl'pa-
rated by the Re,.olutioll. \Yas afterward
concerned in thc Briti
h attempt to pur-
chase Joseph Reed.:; influ('lIcc "ith 'Ya:o;h-
inhrton, and was the rcc'ipil'nt of Ref'Il':;
memorahle reply. Some of her n'r:-;e i:-; iu-
chllled in the ,. Poems" of Xathanid Enll1
,
and the manuscript of her metril'al tran
la-
tion of Fénelon's .. Telemaque ., i:-; preserved
in Philadelphia. Died, near Philadelphia,
Penn., 2:l Feh., 1801.
FESSENDEN, Thomas Green, jour-
nalist, b. Walpole, X. 11., 22
\priì, 1,;-1.
Grlllluated at Dartmouth. Studiell law at
Rutland, Yt. While a student, contributed
several humorous poems to the \Yalpole
"Farmer's :i\Iuseum," mnong which was tIll"
popular' . 'Country IJover:o;. ., Went to Lomlon
in 1801 as agent for a hydraulic machine,
and lo:-;t his property in this and in other in-
vestments. \Vhile there, puhli:-;hel1 anony-
mou:-;ly a poem. "Terrihle 'l'ractoration"
(180:3). satirizing the medical profes:-;ion, It
prowd Il
nece:;s financially. Returned to
Amer.ica in 1804. amI at Xew York edited for
twu years" The Weekly In
pector." lIe was
510
}i'ESSE1VD EN-FISIiE.
editor of various journals in Yermont until
1822, when he foundeù " The Xew England
Farmer" at Ho
ton, anù conducted it until
hi::: death. Some of his publications were
,. Original Poems" (1806), " Democra('y C n-
wiled" (1806). and "Pill
, Poetical, Politi-
cal, " etc. (180!)). Died, Boston, :Mass., 11
ov.. It437.
Pessenden, William Pitt [:Soted Say-
ing : Yo!. XI.. page 45':;], b. Boscawen.X.II.,
16 Oct., 180(i. U. S. senator from }laine,
18,")4-üD. Died, Portland, 1\[e., 8 ::;epL,
H3üD.
PESTETITS, Kate [Neely], b. \Yarren-
ton, Ya., 13 }Iar.. 1837. Gmduatedat a sem-
inary in 'Vashington. D. C. \Va::: afterwanl
engaged in editorial and literary work at
X ew York city. Was married. 1!-J71, to Carl
_\. Festetib. Hemoved to "-ashington in
11:;1:;."). A writer for the magazines and author
of a numùer of Looks for children.
PIELD, Eugene, journalist, b. St. Louis,
::\[0.. 2
ept., 1!-J.'}O. A portion of his early
life was passed in Yermont anù }[a::::i'a-
chu:::ctts. :-;tuùicd at the university uf :\Iis-
souri. From 1!),:J to IH8:3 was cònnected
with various newi'papers in ::\Iissouri and
Colorado. J oÏIwd the staff of the Chicago
"Dailv Kl'w::::, " 1883. Author of " Denver
Tribuñe Primer" (1
!:i2), "Culture's Gar-
land" (11;8,), "
\ Little Book of 'Western
Verse" (1t'I:;U), and "A Little Book of Profit-
able Tales ., (1!-Jt'B).
PIELD, Henry Martyn, clergyman, b.
:-;tockhri<lg(>. :\[ass., 3 April, 1822. Graduat-
ed at \Yilliams. Preached at St. Louis, }Io.,
and West Springfield. ::\Iass.. until IS':;-1,
when he joined the staff ofthe N. Y. "Evan-
geli:::t," of whÜ:h journal he afterward be-
callle editor and pruprietur. An extensi'
e
traveller.
\mollg other works author of
" A IIi"'tol'\T of t he Irish Hehellion of 1798"
(l8.,)I), "::;uinlller Pictures from Copenhagen
to Y enipe" (H;,,)!J), "From Egypt to Japan"
(18i8)." On the ])e
ert" (1t't3:3), "Old Spain
and X ew Spain" (IH88), and "Bright Skies
and Dark :-;lmdows" (18DO).
PIELD, Rate, journalist, b. St. Louis,
10., 18-. Daughter of the late Joseph
}I. Field. the actor and dmmatist. He-
ceived her early education in Massachusetts,
and afterwanfstllllied musie in Italv. \Yas
for some years a Europf'lH1 correspoñdent of
the
. Y. " Tribune" and other newspapers.
::\lore recently delivered lectures through
the United States on contemporaneous sub-
jects. In m
!J estHLlished at \Vashington,
1>. C., .. Kate Field's Washingtun," a weekly
journal. Among her Looks are "Plan-
chette'sDiary" (1t;UR), "Haphazard" (1t;73),
and "Ten Days in :-;pain" (1875).
Pield, Stephen Johnson rNoted Say-
Úlg: VoL XL, page 4Ul]. b. lIat1dam. Conn.,
4 Kov.. 1816. Brother of Henry ::\1. Field.
Appointed a justice ofthe supreÏne court of
the "C nited States by President Lincoln in
18fj
.
PIELDS, Annie [Adams], b. Boston,
l\Iass.,lt;a4. Daughter of Dr. Z. B. Adam
.
Educated at the school of George B. Emerson
in Boston. 'Was married to James T. Fields
and afterward liveù at Boston and
lanches-
ter-hy-the-
ea, ::\1ass. Author of ,. Under the
Olive," poems (18tH). .. How to Help the
Poor" (ISR.')), and "James rr. Fields: Bio-
graphical Xotes and Personal Sketches"
(l
!-J2).
PIELDS, James Thomas, publisher, b.
Portsmouth, X. H.. 31 Dec., 1816. Edu-
mtcd at Porbmouth. \Vhile a clerk in a
book-store at Boston. 1834, he wrote for the
papers, and read his first poem before the
Bostonl\Iercantile liùrarvasl'ocintion. It:;J,').
Became a partJ)(>r in thè publishing-hou
e
of Ticknor, Reed & }'..ields, Its38. retiring
in 1870. Edited the" .Atlantic .Monthly,"
1
(j2-70. Yisited Europe four time
hetwèen
It1'")1 and It1ü9. Had intimnte relations with
many eminent authors, whieh served him
well as lecturer anl1 writer. Puhli::::hed
.. Poems" (184D). H A Few Yerses for a Ff'W
Friends" (183t'), "Y e
tenlHYs with A u-
thors" (1871), "Hawthorne ,. (187ù). and
"In and Out of Doors with Dickf'ns" (187U).
Died, Boston,
Iass., 24 April, 1
1'ì1.
. PINCH, Prancis Miles, jurist. h. Ith-
aca, X. Y.. DJune, 1827. Graduated at Yale.
Practised law at Ithaca untillB81, whf'n he
was elected It mem her of the court of appeals
of tll(' state of Xcw York. Author of a num-
LeI' of fugitiw poems, of which" The Blue
and the Gray" is the best known. It ap-
peared in the" .Atlantic :\Ionthly .. for 18m.
PINN, HenryJ"actoI'. h. XewYork, N.
Y., 1782 (DuyckÍlH"k). lIe had acted in
minor parts at Xew York city, "hen he
visited England in 1801. There he made suc-
ce!'sful appearances at the LOllliun Hay-
Illarkct and elsewhere, returning to
\meriea
ten years later. The remainder of his life he
pas!'öed as manager awl actor. chiefly at Bos-
ton. Puhlished a series (!If "Comic Annuals."
Peri!'öhcd ill the buming of the
teamboat
Lexin,qton. L. 1. sound, 13 Jan., It;40.
PISHER, George Park, divine, b.
Wrentham, ::\Iass., 10 Aug.. ltì27. Gmdu-
ated at YHle. Pursued his theological
tud-
ies ut home and in Gernumy. In 1854 was
appointed professor of di\'inìty at Yalf'. and
in It3ül profesi'or of ecclesiastical history.
Some of his works are" Essavs on the :-;u-
pernatural Origin of Christi,i
iity" (lHU':;),
"History of the }{pformation" (1873),
"The Beginnings of l 'hristianity " (1877),
"Faith and Rationali..m" (1t;79), "The
Grounds of Theistic and Christian Belief"
(1
:
), "History of the Christian Church"
(1t'
1;), and .. K ature and :\lethod of J{c\'e-
lation .. (18!JO).
PISKE, John, b. Hartford, Conn., 30
FITZHUGH-FOLGER.
511
)[ar., 1842. His name was originally Ed-
mund Fiske Green, but in 1855 he assumed
the name of hi:, maternal great-grandfather.
Hesideù at 1\Iiddletown, Conn., as a boy,
where he chiefly educated himself, and was
far ad vancf'd in the study of languages and
philosophy when h
entered Harvard: After
graduation he studIed law and practised for
a short time, but soon abandoned the profes-
sion. Early formed a decision to devote his
life to the study of the origin and progref:s of
the human race, particularly in rcÌation to
Christianity, evolution, anll general history.
His lectures and books were almost entirely
alonO'these lines. In 1Hli!) anll18ì1 he dis-
cOUl'
ed on philosophy at Harvard, and from
18ì2 to 18ìU was assistant librarian of the
uni ver:5ity, being" elected one of its 0\TerSeer8
the latter year. Lectures on .American his-
tOI"\' delin'rerl at Boston in 1:;7!}. Were re-
pmit
d by im-itation before university au-
diences in London and Ellinbur
h. Those
delivered at the ('oncorll sehool of phill'''-
ophy, 1:;84-;;, perhaps attracted the most at-
tention,and wcrc at once hrought out in vol-
umes with the title:" .. The Destiny of )1an,
Viewed in the Light of his Origin ., (1
1:)4),
and" The Idea of God. as A ffectel1 by::\1 011-
ern Knowledge" (188')). His other works are
" Tobaceo and Alcohol" (18U8), " )1yths and
l\Iyth-:\Iakers" (18ì2), .. Outlines of Cosmic
Philosophy, Basellon the Doctrine of Evo-
lution" (1874), ., The L n::;ecn \V orld" (1:;;6),
"Darwinism, and Other Essays" (1F!7U),
"Excursions of an Evolutionist" (l
8:1).
"Ameriean Politieal Ideas ., (188,;), "The
Critical Period of American Ilistorv: lÎH3-
1789 "(18H
), .. The Beginnings of New Eng-
land, or the Puritan Theof'racy ill its Rela-
tions to Ci viI and Religiou,> I.Jiberty "(1889),
"The \Var of Independence," for young
people (1HS!I). ".A History of the
\merican
People" has long been plannetl by this au-
thor. Joint editor with Gen. James Grant
Wilson of Appletons' "Cyclopædia of
American Rio.!!Taphy" (1886-9).
FITZHUGH, George, lawyer, h. Prince
\Villiam Co., Va., 2 July, 1807. Practised
criminal law in hisnati\"e state. and wrote for
the press. Though connected by marriage
with Gerrit Smith, and a frieml of Harriet
:Beecher Stowe, Was a ,"igorous dcfpnder of
shwl'ry. \Vroti' "Sociology for the South"
(1834). ana "Cannihn.ls All! 01', Sluves
without 1Iasters" (18:)7). Died, Huntsville,
Tex., :10.July, lSR1.
FLAGG, Wilson, naturalist, b. Bevprly,
Mass.,;) Xov., tHO". Gained reputation as a
lecturer uUlI a writer in the prl'SS on naturaL
science aUlI politics. "'asin Boston custom-
house, 1:;-l4-K with whieh eÅception he ad-
hel'ea to lecturinO'. .AmonO' his books are
., Studies in the Pield aUll"''''orest'' (It:\;)7),
., Birùs n.UlI Seasons of New England"
(1875), and ..
\ Year among the Trees"
(11;81). Died, Cambridge,
1ass., 6
lay,
1884.
Flanaghan, Webster [.Noted Saying:
V 01. XI., pa!::"e 4õU], b. Cloverport, Ky., 9
Jan., 1832. At one time lieutenant-gover-
nor of Texas. .A delegate from Texas to the
Republican convention of 1880 at Chieago.
FLASH, Henry Lynden, b. Cincinnati,
0.,20 Jan., 18:
;;. Graduated at the West-
ern military institute of Kentucky. Served
in the Confederate army during the civil
war. \Vas occupied with mercantile pursuits
at New Orleans from 1:;ljlj to It:\8(i, when he
retired and removed to Los Angeles, Cal.
Author of "Poems" (18nO) and of several
popular hallads of the civil war.
FLEMING, Maybury, journalif:t, h.
Roston, l\Iaf:s., 13 :\1ay, Hì.33. Gra.duatell at
the unh"ersity of New York. Engaged in
teaching for a few years, aIllI in 18ì8 accept-
ed an editoriall'osition on the
. Y. .. )1ail
and Expre:o:s."
\. contributor of poetry to
the magazines.
FLETCHER, Julia Constance, "George
Fleming," b. Rio Janeiro, Brazil, 18-.
Daughter of James C. Fletehet., who was U.
H. consul at Xaples, Italy, 18;3-7. IIerfirst
novel, "Kismet" (18ì7), was the outcome of
11 journey up the Xile, made in 1876 with
Thomas Gold Appleton and other friends.
On her mother's marriage to EUfrene Bpn-
son, the artist, l\Iiss Fletcher remained with
them at Rome. In 188U she removed to
Venice. Bhe was at one time engagetL to
he married to the Earl of Lovelace, Lord
:Byron's grandson, hut the engagement was
IJl'oken off. lIeI' other novels are .. :\limge "
(1878), "The Head of l\Ieclusa" (1
HO),
"Yestigia" (1884), ".Andromeda" (18K,j),
and .. The Truth about Clement Ker"
(1RRD).
FLINT, Timothy, clerg
'man, b. North
Reading, ){I1SS., 11 July, 1780. Graduated
at I Ian-anI. Was pastor of a Congregation-
al chureh at I.JUnenburg, 1802-14. From
181.) to 182., he was a mi:;siÜl1ary and teach-
er in Ohio atHl the Mississippi valley. Edit-
ed for a time the Cincinna.ti "\V estern Re-
view" and the N. Y. " Knickerbocker." hut
was afterward chiefly occupied with the
writing of ll()\-els and of de
criptÌ\.e books
relating to the South amI West. The best
known of these are .. Frands Berrian"
(1:;26) and" Recollections . . . of the Val-
ley of the )[issi:;
ippi "(1826). Died, Salem,
Mass., 16 .Aug., lR-lO.
FOLGER, Peter, colonist, h. prohahly in
Norwich, .Englaml. about 1fil:;. Emigratpd
to \Yatertmvn, Mass., in H;:
'}. .Aftl'rw:mL
removed to
[artlHL's Vinevar<l, where he
assisted in tcaehing the Imiians, and from
there to Nantucket. \Va:,; the maternal
grandfatlwr of Benjamin Franklin. who
sreaks highly in his" A utobio
raphy" of
Folger's pocm, ..
\ Looking-G lass for the
512
FO LL EN-FRED ERIC.
Time
, or the Former Spirit of New Eng-
land revived in this Generation" (1673).
Died, Xantucket. )Ia
., 1690.
FOLLEN, Charles Theodore Chris-
tian,educator, b. Romrijd, lIe
e Darmstadt,
4 Sf'pt., 17t l (j. Graduated at the university
of LTiessEn. Became profes
or of civil law at
Busle, hut was driven awny from Europe fill'
revolutionary opiniuns, and came to Amer-
ica, 1824. Was professor of German at
Han ant 1830-4, and subsequently taught
in various towns of Mass
lChusetts. His
" \Y orks" (1841) were brought out po:o:thu-
mously. Perishetl in the burning of the
steamboat Lexington, L. 1. sound, 13 Jan.,
18-10.
FOOTE, Mary [Hallock], b. :ì\Iilton, K-
Y., 19 Koy., 1t\47. \Yas married, 1876, to
Arthur D. Foote, a mining engineer, and
afterwnrd li,'ed in the mining districts of
California and Colorado. l\Iore recently re-
moved to Boisé city, Idaho. l\!ade many
illustrations in black and white for books
and magazines. Her drawings of \Yestern
and Mexican life and scenery are particu-
larlv successful. Author of the novels" The
Lell- Horse Claim" (1883), "John Bodewin's
Testimony" (11;86), and" The Last Assem-
blv Ban" (18t'H).
FOSTER, Hannah [Webster], b. prob-
ably Boston. l\Iass., about 1739. The daugh-
ter of Grant \Veh:o:ter. a merchant of that
city. \Vas married to the Rev. Dr, John
Foster, who was mini
ter of Brighton,
:\Iass., from 1784 to 1H27. After his death
resided at :\[ontreal. Canada. Published
"The Co
uette, or the History of Eliza
\Yharton' (17Ð7), the earliest, or one of the
earliest, of American novel:o:. Died, Mon-
treaL Canada, 17 April, 1H40.
FOSTER, Stephen Collins, composer,
b. Pittsburgh, Penn., 4 July, 18
(j. Began
the studvof vocal aml instrumental music
at an early age. Some of his most popular
songs were composed before he was twenty
years oM. "Old Folks at Home" appeared
about 18:j0. This has had a larger sale than
any other American song. Foster wrote
both the words and the music of his bongs
and ballads, of which there are about one
hundred and twenty-five. IIis negro melo-
dies formed nearly one-fourth of the whole
number. Resided mainly in Xew York and
Pitt
hurgh. Died, Kew' York, N. Y., 13
Jan., 18G4.
FRANCIS, John Wakefield, phy
ician,
b. :KewYork, N. Y. t 17 Nov., l7SU. Gradu-
ated at Columbia. Regan the practice of
medicine at
ew York city, 1811. Professor
of materia medica at the' Columbia collf'ge
of physicians and surgeons, 1813-26. Was
a founder and member of various learned
societies. Bef>Ìl1es numerous professional
writing
, he published" Old New York"
(1837) and" Heminiscences of S. L.
fitch-
ill" (1839). Died.
ew York,:N. Y.,
Feh.,
1861.
FRANKLIN, Benjamin, statef>man and
philosopher, b. Boston, i\[asg., 17 Jan., 1'ìOli.
The son of Josiah Franklin, a tallow-chml-
(Her and soap-boiler of that city, who hall
emigrated to Xew England in'1682 from
Banbury, England. Benjllmin's mother was
the see-ond wife of his fnthel.. and was the
daughter of Peter Folger, author of "A
Looking-Glass for the Times." Franklin
was set at work in his father's establishment,
when ten years old, but, proving restle:-:s,
was soon after apprenticed to his brother
James, a printer. He now devoted his spare
time to reading and studying, and later
on cont.ributed anonymous articles to his
brother's paper. In 1723 he decided to break
this connection and ran away to Philadel-
phia, where he followed his tr;Hle for a short
time and then visited Englanll, returning-
in 1726. Bv 1'ì29 he had established himself
in the priÎÜing business at Philadelphin,
and soon became editor and proprietor of
the" Pennsylnmia Gazette." \"as instru-
mental in fo
mding the Philadelphia library
in 1'ì31, and began the publication of " Poor
Richard's " almanac the veal' after. :\lean-
while, he became promiÌlent in public nf-
fairs, and after filling seyerlll minor offices
was made deputy postmaster-general for all
the .American colonies in 17::13. The year
before this, his discover) that lightning and
the electric fiuill are illentical gained him
great honor in Europe.
\t the Alhany con-
gress of 1'ì54. just before the outbreak of the
Frem.h and Indian war, Franklin proposed
t he plan of union for defence finally adopted
by the congress. but rejected by'the colo-
nies. lIe was the agent of the Pennsyh-anill.
assembly in EnglaIHl from 17.Jì to 1762, awl
was sent again as the colony's ngent to op-
pose the stamp-act in 1'ìü4, afterward un-
del'going the noted e
amination before the
hon
e of commons. Remained in England
as the representative of Pennsylvania and
several other colonies until 1'ì7;). After
signing the Declaration of Independence,
was appointed amhassador to Franct.', in
1776, holùing this position until 17'1;5. Was
principally concerned in procuring the
treaty of 1778 with France, and with Jay
and Adams conducted the negotiations for
the treaty of 1783 with England. Returnefl
to America in 17f!,J, and was president of
Pennsylvania from 178.3 to 17R8, abo serv-
ing as å. delegate to the Fedeml convention
of 1787. His varied writings were collected
and published by Jare(l Sparks as .. The
,y orks of Benjamin Franklin" (1840-50),
and a subsequent and more complete col-
lection has been edited by John Bigelow
(1t:\Sî-9). Died, Philadelphia, Penn., 17
April, 1'ì90.
FREDERIC, Harold, journali:-:t, 11.
FRÉ....}JO
YT-F[-R.J..YESS.
513
Utica, X. Y., 1D Aug., 1tì.")6. Joined the
staff of the Utica" Herald," 18,6. and be-
came its editor in 1t\t\0. Was editor of the
Alban v " Evening Journal," 1t:\82-t, and in
1t:\tiJ aèeepted the position of London cor-
respomlent of the X. Y. .. Times." Author
of the nm-els "Seth's Brother's \Vife "
(1887), "The Lawton Girl" (1ti!JO), and ,. In
the Yallev" (lH9U).
FRÉMONT, John Oharles, explorer, b.
Sa,-annah, Ga., 21 Jan., 1813. Graduated
at Charleston college. Was succe
sively
civil engineer in the U. S. topogrt-tphical
survey corps, commander of the C. S. ex-
ploring party of VH2 in the Rocky moun-
tains. discoverer of the Great Salt lakc,
soldier in
1exico, amI governor of Califor-
nia, before his thirty-fourth year. \Yas the
first and unsuccessful candidate for presi-
dent of the l{epuhlican party in U,;jlj. Served
as major-genernl in the ci,-il war, but was
removed from command bv President Lin-
coln for various reasons, ltmong which was
his issuing an unauthorizell proclamation
emancipating the slaves of belligerents. He
was gO\-ernor of .Arizona, 18ì1-8. Besides
reports of his expeditions, author of "::\le-
moirs of my Life" (U,8ß). Hestored by Pres-
ident Harrison to the rank of major-general
in the regular army, upon the retired list,
April, 1H9U.
FRENOH, Alice, "Octave Thanet," b.
Andover. ::\Iass., 1
. Graduated at the
Andover academy. Early removed with her
father, Judge French, to Davenport. la..
where she afterward li \-etl. passing her win-
ters at a plantation on the Black ri '-er, AI'-
kan-;a..o;;. Author of "Knitters in the Sun,"
a volume of short stories (1887), "Expia-
tion." a novel (1
90), anll a history of .Ar-
kansas.
FRENEAU, Philip, b. New York, X.
Y., 2 Jan., 17.')2. Of Huguenot descent, anI I
the son of a
ew York wine-merchant. Grall-
uated at Princeton, and with H. H. Brack-
emidge delivered at commencement a poet-
ical dialogue on "The Rising Glory of
Anwrica." composed bv both. or perhaps
altogether by Freneau. in 17ì(i and 1780 he
made mercantile voyages to the \\' est Indies,
was capt ured by the ßriti
h during the sec-
ond of these, and wa
put on board a pri
on-
ship at
ew York. His experiences whil
a
prisoner are detail('(l in "The British Pris-
on-Ship. a Poem, in four Cantos" (I'ìt3I).
He hall previously published ,. Voyage to
Boston" (1774) aml "General Gage's Con-
fes
ion" (177.")). .Manyof his patriotic and
satirical poems written during the Revolu-
tion appeared in the Philadplphia "Free-
man's Journal." From the end of the Rev-
olution until 17\)1 Freneau was chiefly
engnged in sailing ve::'
eh; for the \Vest
Indian trade. During the latter year he
became editor of the "X ational Gazette"
VOL. XI.-33
of Philadelphia. lIe was occupied with
this aHfI with other editorial connections
until about 1;98, when he resumed a sea-
faring life, which la
ted until the war of
HH2. The rcmainllcr of his life was pas:,etl
quietly tit his home in Xew Jersey. lie
supel"Yised the puùlieation of seveml edi-
tions of his poems, among which are
"The Poems of Philip Freneau, written
chiefly during the late \Var" (1786),
"Poems \V ritten between the Years 17G8
and 1794" (179:)), "Poems \V ritten anll
Published during the American Revolu-
tionary \Var " (1809), and" A Collection of
Poems on American Affairs" (1815). Of
the:-e, the edition of 1'ì!J,) was printed by
the author himself at his press in .:\10n-
mouth, X. J. Died, near J;
reehold, S. J.,
18 Dec., 1832.
FRISBIE, Levi, educator, b. Ipswich,
)Ia
s., 1.3 Sept., 17t;3 (Drake). Graduated at
Haryard, where he was tutor amI profe
sor
of Latin from 1803 until 1817, In the latter
yea l' was made profes
or of natural religion,
moral philosophy, and cidl polity. Soon
after his early death, tLppeared " )liscellane-
ous Writings of Professor Frisbie" (1823).
Died. Cambridge. ::\las8., 9 J uly, 1
22,
FROTHINGHAM, Nathaniel Lang-
don, clergyman, b. Boston, ::\[ass., 2:3 July,
179;3. Graduated at Han ard. Pastor of the
Fir:-:t Congregational (Cnitarian) church at
Boston from 1815 to 1850. Puùlishell .. Ser-
mons in the Order of a Twelvemonth" (H3.")2),
.. )letrical Pieces" (1 t:\.");j) , anù about fifty
st'parate sermons. Died, Boston, ::\1ass., 3
April, 1870.
FROTHINGHAM, Octavius Brooks,
dergymall, h. Boston,
Ia::,s.,
Ii XOy., 18
.
Graduated at Harvard. A Unitarian
preacher at Salem, l\Iass., Jersey city. and
Xew York, until1H7
, when he resigned his
charge for a more strictly literary life. II is
position in religious matters was of the most
advanced radical type. Published. amon.go
other works, "Stories from the Lips of the
Teacher" (18m3), " The 1 teligion of I I uman-
ity" (1873). ,. Life of Theodore Parker '7
(1874), "Trallscenllentalism in Xl'\\"" Eng-
Ianll" (187ß), .. The Cradle of the Chri
t "
(1
Îì). "IJife of George Hipley " (1t\t\
), and
numerous :,;ermon
.
FURNESS, Horace Howard, b. Phila-
df'lphia. Penn., 2 Xov., 18j:3. Always a
residt'nt of that eity. lìraduated at lIarntrtl.
Studied law and "as admitted to the har in
1:-;.39. Earlv devoted his attention to the
study of SÌulkespeare, and in 1
Î1 is:,ued
the fir
t volume of a new Yariorum Etlitilln
of the plays. containing the hest criticism:,
that have been written and with notes hy
the editor. Seven ,-olnmes have ùcen pub-
lished, including .. Homeo anJ Juliet"
(l
Îl), " l\Iacùcth" (lHiS), .. I1nmlet "
(1tj77), "King Lear" (1:;1;0), "Uthello"
514
GALLAGHER-GARRISOÆ
(1886), ., The :\Ierehant of Venice" (1888),
and" As You Like It" (1890). His article
on " Homæopathy " in the American .. En-
f'yclopa'dia Britannica" attracted much
attention. Dr. Furuess, as a member of the
" Sf'ybert commission for investigating
modern spiritualism," made important con-
tributions to the "Preliminary Report"
(1887) of that body to the university of
Penns,-l,"ania.
GALLAGHER, William Davis, jour-
nuli4. b. Philadelphia, Penn.,21 Aug.,1808.
Edited nlrious papers in Ohio, and was asso-
ciate editor of the Cincinnati " Gazette."
It'3Ð-50. Afterward joilH>ù the IJouisville
.. Courier. " Pu b1ished .. Errato," a three-
volume colleetion of poems (1835-7), and
"J\Iiami Woods, A Golden 'Vedding, and
Other Poems "( l!)
l).
GALLATIN, Albert, statesman. b. Ge-
neva, Switzerland, 29 Jan., 1 îGl. Graduated
at the uni ,"ersitv of Geneva. Came to Amer-
ica, lì
O, and èngag(>d in trading through
:Kew England. Finally settled in Fayette
county, Penn.. 1784. Was elected to the L.
S. seniÜe. 1793, but was declared ineligible.
'Yas L :0;. representative from 1ìÐ.') until
1801, in which year he was appointed secre-
taryof the treasury by Jefferson, holding of-
fice untillt;13. Sig-ned the Ghent treaty with
Great Britain in 1814. and was r .S. minbter
to Francf', 18t.'>-23. Hesided permanently in
Xew Y urk ("itv after 182., where he becmne
president of ,-arious learnC'd
ocil'Ìie:,. He
rose to he leader of the Rl'publican-Demo-
-cratic party, and as secretary oftlll' treasury
he wa:- recognized as one of the leading
finanC:Ïers of his period. IIis publications,
finaneial and otherwi
e, are to be found in
"The Writings of Albert Gallatin" (U,79),
edited by Henry Adams, Died, Astoria, L.
l.,
. Y.. 1
.L\ug., It149.
GALLOWAY, Joseph, loyalist., b. near
"
est Hiwr. Anne Arundel Co., l\Id., about
17i30. Studied law and practised at Phila-
delphia. 'Yas elected to the Penns
'h-ania
assembh" in 1 Î57 and held office until 1774,
with brief intervals of retirement. lIe was
:t memher of the Continental congress in
17.4, and attempted, unsuccessfully. to ef-
fect a compromise between Great Britain
and the colonies. Two years later he joined
the Briti:,h forces. and was made superinten-
oent of police at Philadelphia. Sailed for
England in June, 1778, and did nut return.
His pamphlets and personal influence did
much harm to the American cause. Died,
'Vatford, Herts, Englund, 29 Aug., 1803.
GARDEN, Alexander, soll1ier, b.
Charleston, S. C., 4 DC'c.. 17;)7. Studied at
the univer:<ity of Glasgow. After tnl\"elling
in Europe. returned to America, 17tìO. and
s(>rved in the Continentul army as ail1e-de-
<:mnp to General Greene, amI afterward as a
lie'.ltellant in Lee's legion. PuLli:shed .. An-
('cdotes of thf' Revolutionarv"\V ar in Amer-
ica" (1822). Died, CharleSton, S. C., 29
Feb., 1829.
GARDINER, John Sylvester John,
clergyman, b. Haverford West, So, "r ales,
June, 17ü5. 'Vas pastor of an Episcopal par-
ish near Beaufort, S, C., and was assistant
rector and redor of Trinity church at Bos-
ton from 1792 until his death. For some
years presi(lent of the Boston Anthology
('lub awl the editor of its" Review." Died,
Harrowgate, England, 2Ð July, 1
aO.
GARFIELD, James Abram, t.wentieth
president of the rnitell StatC's, b. Orange,
0., W Nov., 1
a1. Graduated at Wi1liams.
Entered the Ohio state senate in 18.39. 'Yas
appointetllieutenant-colonel of Yolunteer
at the opening of the ci \""il war, rising to the
grade of major-general. At the request of
Prc:,ident Lincoln he re:,igned from th
arm
' in December, 18Ga, to accept a seat in
the e. K house of representatives, to which
he was continuously l'cëleeted until 18t:J0. In
the latter veal' he was chosen U. S. senator
from Ohio: and was nominated and elected
president of the l'" nited States by the Hepub-
lican party. Four months after his inaugu-
ration he was fatally shot by a disappointed
office-seeker. In addition to his speeches in
congress, he delin're<l numerous orations
and al1dre
s(>s on public occa
ions. In 1
t'2
appem"pd "The 'Yorks of Jame:-; Abram
Garfield. editet! by Burke J\. Hinsdale."
Died,Elheron, X.j., 19
ept., 188l.
GARRISON, Wendell Phillips, jour-
nali
t, b. Cambridg-eport, :\Ia
s., 4 June,
lR40. Son of William LIon] Garrison.
Graduated at Harvard. B(>l'nme literary
editor of the N. 1. .. Nation" at its com-
mencement, 18U3, amI after H,GU resided at
Orange, N. J. Be
Îlles contributing to the
leading magazines, author and compiler of
books on the management of
hildren and
joint author with his brother, F. J. Garri-
son. of .. 'Yilliam Lloyd Garri:<on: the
Story of his Life, told by his Children" (4
vols.. 18t3.3-9).
GARRISON, William Lloyd, j0111'nal-
i
t, b. Newburyport, )la
s., 10 Dec., 1t3().'}.
Learned the trade of a printer, and edited
the Xewburyport "Free Press," and other
papers, until he Lecame asso<.'Íate editor of
tlw Baltimore" Genius of eniver
al Eman-
cipation." Founded the" Liberator" at Bos-
ton in 1
al, and C'omlucted it until the elose
of the civil war. 'Vas a i'talwart aholition-
ist, preferring impri!:<onment in Mm"ylaml
to paying fines for his then illC'
al denun-
ciHti<ms of slavery. 'Vas exposed to public
ollium, and threatened with violenee, a re-
ward having heen set upon his head in GpOl"-
gia. His :,;hare in founding the Amerieau
anti-slavery :,ocÏetv intensified this hostil;ty,
and even in Bostòn IlP was let! throug-h tlie
streets by a furious moL. with a rope
lround
GAYARRÉ-GILDER.
515
hi
hody, heing finally rescued and put into
jail for
afety. In his advocacy of abolition
he ignored party politics Rnd repudiated the
Constitution. At the hreaking out of the
war he urged its pro
ecution to the end, as
the only way to stamp out slavery. 'Vhen
the victory was gRined a
Uln of
:JO,OOO was
raÜ:ed a
an acknowledgment of his nation-
al services. and since his death a statue has
been erected to his honor at Boston. His
writings consh:ted chiefly of editorials, se-
lections from which, with various notable
speeches. are given in "'Yilliam Lloyd Gar-
rison: the Storv of his Life, Told Lv his
Children" (H;H:J-9). Died, K ew .t ork,
X. Y., 24 :\[ay,,1I:;7!). ,
GAYARRE, Charles Etienne Arthur,
historian. b. Xcw Orleans, La., !) Jan.,180i').
Educated at the college of Xew Orleans.
Was admitted to the bar in 18:.?9, and was
made pre
iding judge of the city court of
New Orleans in ltt33. Tmyelled in Europe
from 183.') to 1
44, and on returning was sec-
retal'\' of state of Louisiana, 1846-53. Svm-
pathÍzed with the secessionbts in the èivil
war. :\lore recently served as reporter of
the Louisiana superior court. Devotedmuch
labor to inw:'-tigatinns into the history of
his state, and published "IIistoire lle la
Louisiane" (1847), "Homance of the Hi..-
tory of Loui"iana" (184
), "IJolli"iana. its
Colonial Hi:-;tory and Romance" (1
.j1),
"Loubiana, its History as a French Col-
ony" (11:;:;2), "History of the Spani"h
Domination in Louisiana" (1t!54), these be-
ing revi"eJ and rcÏ:,;"uell in three volumes as
the" History of Louisiana" (18fjü). Other
works are "Fernando de Lemos," a novel
(1872), with a sequel, "Albert Dulmyet"
(1882), two comeùies-" The School for
Politics" and" Dr. Bluff" (18.'j4)-and ad-
dre:-;ses delÍ\"ered on public occa
ions.
GEORGE, Henry, political economist,
b. Philadelphia, Penn., 2 Sept., 1839. Be-
gan life aR a sailor, and after 18.Jt\ resided in
California. where he was occupied as a jour-
nalist for many year:o;. II is volume, "Prog-
ress and Poverty," setting forth his views
as to laml and its rent, was publi
hed in
18;9, and at once drew attention, Success-
ful lecture-tours in England and Scotland
were followed by his nomination in 1t:8G by
the L nited Labor party as canùiJate for
mayor of New York city, Of three CflI1llÌ-
dates he received the second highe:o;t number
of vote", The same year he establi
hed the
N. Y. "Stanllard," ã weekly paper devoteù
to his principles. He has written "The
Irish Land
uestion " (1f)81), "Social Prob-
lems" (18H4), and "Protection or .Free
Trade " (18
fj).
GIBBONS, James Sloan, merchant, b.
\Vilming-ton, Dcl., 1 July, 1810. .\ member
of the Qmtkpr sect. Entered businp:,:s at
:Kew York city in 18;3;J. IIi:; song, .. We are
Coming, Father .Abra'am, Three Hundred
Thou
and )1ore," was puhlh.hed in the N. Y.
" E\'ening Po!'t" of 16 July, 1862. .At the
time of the draft-riots of 186B in N ew York,
his house was sackell on ac'count of his anti-
slavery views. He was for a time one of the
editors of the "Anti-Slaverv Standard,"
and published two works on finance, "The
Banks of Xew York" (18;JS) and" The Pub-
lic Debt of the United States" (18Gi).
GIBSON, William Hamilton, painter,
h. Sandy Hook, Conn., 5 Oct., 18;;0. Edu-
eatell in \Yashington, Conn., and at the
Brooklvn, X. Y., Polytechnic institute.
Re!'ide;l in X ew York .city and Brooklyn
after 1
;0. His art-studies were chiefly in
the direction of landscape painting- ànd
botanical drawing. 'Vas madea member of
the X. Y. \Vater-color society in 18t;:;, to
whose eÀhibitions he hegan contributing in
1872. About the vear ISi!) turned his atten-
tion to deseripti,"e writing, and afterward
contrihuted to the magazines many articles
on nature and out-Iloor life, illustrated by
his own drawing:;;. These were collected in
volumes as "Camp-Life in the Woods"
(18i6), "Tricks of Trapping and Trap-
::\1aking" (18i6), "Pastoral Days, or l\Iemo-
riesofaKew England Year" (1881), "High-
ways and Byways" (11"H:J), and "Happy
Hunting-Grounds" (188ì).
GIDDINGS, Joshua Reed, stat e:o;m an,
b, Athens, Penn., ü Oct., 1,U.j. Early re-
moved to Ohio, anù sen-ed in the war of
1812. Was U. R r('pre:-;cnt
1.Ìi\"e from that
state, lft18-59. On his fir:-;t election, as a
'Vhig, began hib opposition to slavery, being
an acti\"e supporter of J ohn
uincy Adams.
Opposed the compromi:-e of U;.")O. Authorof
"::O;peeches" (18;;
) and" The Rebellion: its
Authors find C'au
es" (lRüJ). Died, .l\'Ion-
treal, Canada, 27 May, 1!-)fjJ.
GILDER, Richard Watson, b. Borden-
town, X. J.,
Feb" 1H44. Received his ed-
ucation chiefly at Bellevuc seminary. 13or-
dentown, a college estahli
hed by his father,
Rev. William n. Gilder. Served in Landis's
Philadelphia battery through the enll'r-
gency campaig-n of 186:t on the occasion of
the Confederate inva
ion of Pennsvlvania,
Beg-an the study of law at Philailelphia.
This being interrupted hy the death of his
father, in ISH..!, he joined the staff of the
Xewark, N. J., ,. Dailv .Advertiser:' Re-
signing in 18GR, he fòunde,l the Newark
")Iorning Hegister," with Xewton Crane
as joint editor. and the follo\\ ing year be-
eame ellitor of .. Hours at Home," a Xew
York mont hly journal. r pon the establish-
ment of the "Centnry :\Iagazine" (then
.. Serihner's :\Ionthly "ì in 18iO, " Hours at
IIonll' .. was purchased hy the former's pro-
prietors, and :\Ir. Bilùer was chosen a::>so-
eÍate editor of the magazine by its editor,
Dr, J, G. Hulland. On the death ofthe lat-
516
G ILES-GODI{I.N.
tel' he
ucceelled to thf' ec1itor
hip. ITis first
volume of poem
. "The Xf'W Day." ap-
pearell in tR , .;. and was followed h
- "The
Celestiul Pas
ion" (18.8) and .. Lyrics"
(I 878). A colleeth-e edition of "Lvrics and
Other Poems" was published in 18
5.
GILES, Henry, dergynum. b. ('0.
T ex-
ford, Ireland, 1 Koy., 1f;0!). Wa:-; brought
up a Catholic, but entered the enitarian
ministry, filling pastorates in England amI
Scotland. In 1840 came to the United
States RS a lef'turer, and subsequently re-
sided there. Author of" Illustrations of
Genius" (18;)4) and" Lectures and ESAAvs
on Irish and Uther Subjeets" (18üD), DielI,
Hyde Park, l\[ass., 10 July, 1882.
GILMAN, Arthur, b. Alton, Ill.. 22
June, 183'., Established himself as a hanker
in New York city, 18;).. From 1t)ü2 to 1S ' jl
was occupied as an educator in Lenox,
Mass. Plannell the educational institution
known as "The Harvard
\nnex" in 1S.(j.
and was its executive officer from the be-
ginning. Author of "First Steps in Eng-
lish Literature" (1870), "History of the
American People" (1t)813),. and editor of
" The
tory of the Xations Series," several
volume
of which he wrote.
GILMAN, Caroline [Howard], b. Bus-
ton. Mass., 8 Oet.. 17!)4. Daughter of Sam-
uel Howard, a shipwri.!:;ht of that city. Was
married, 1819, to Hev. Samuel Gilman, who
was pastor of the rnitarian (.hurch at
Charleston, S. r.. from 181D until his death
in 18.;8. Mrs. G ihnan remainf'd at Charles-
ton until 1870, when she remO\-ed to Cam-
ùridge, Mass. During the latter portion of
her life she lived in the family of a daugh-
ter at Washington. She began to write poe-
try at the age of sixteen. The best known
of her manv works are "Recollections of
a K ew Engiand Housekeeper" (183.3) and
"Recollections of a Southern :Matron"
(1813U). Xcw editions were puLli:-;hed in 18(.\7.
The contents of these volumes were taken
from" The Rose." a magazine edited by her
from 1830 to 1t;39. Died, Washington, D. C.,
1.3
ept., 1
t)8.
GILMAN, Daniel Coit, educator. b.
Norwieh, Conn., (j July, 1831. Graduated at
Yale, continuing his studies in Germany.
\\'as profes!"or of physical geography at
Yal(' from 18::J(j to 1870, aecepting the pre
i-
ùency of the ullh-ersitv of California, Vj'ì2.
In 1
7.5 he became first president of Johns
Hopkins universitv. Delivered numerous
adùresses and oratÌons before learned soci-
eties aml at universities. These and articles
contributed to magazines and reviews main-
lY dealt with his views on educational mat-
tèrs. .Also publisheù "Life of James l\lun-
roe" (1Ht':3).
GILMAN, Nicholas Paine, clergyman,
b.
uincy, 111.,21 Dec., 184D. Graduated Nt
the Harvard divinity school. Was pastoruf
several Lnitarian churehes in enstern :\138-
sachusetts, 1872-84, and from 11'.(..) to 1ti78
a professor in Antioch coll(>gc. I n 1
"'H as-
smned the ellitorship of the Ro..;ton .. Lit-
erary 'Y orld. "
\. contributor to the maga-
zines nnll author of ,. Profit-Sharing be-
tween Employer and Employee" (18
n).
GILMORE, James Roberts, " Edmund
Kirke," b. Roston, .Mass.. 10 Sept., 1823.
Became a met"chant in New York, but had
retire!! at the beginning of the civil war,
during the course of which he wrote a num-
ber of tales and sketches of Southern life,
founded on its events and dealing with the
race question. Engaged in business a sec-
ond time untIl 1883, when he finally adopt-
ed a literary career, making his residence at
Lake George, N. y, His works include
" Among the Pines" (18n2), " Adrift in Dix-
ie "(1863), "The Rear-Guard of the Revolu-
tion" (1886), and" John Sevier as a Com-
monwealth-Builder" (1887).
GILMORE, Patrick Sarsfield, musi-
cian, b. near Dublin, Ireland, 28 Dec., 1829,
Devoted himself at an early age to the study
of bands and band-music. Emigrating to
Canada, he finally settled in Boston.. In
18(jl accompanied a Massachusetts regiment
to the war as band-master. After the war
resided at Boston and l' ew York, in the for-
mer of which cities h(' managed the .. Peace
Jubilees" of 18üD and 1872. The com poser
of various songs and marches. .. \Yhen
Johnny ('omes Marching Home" was pub-
lished in ] 8U3 under the pseudonym" Louis
Lamhert. "
GODFREY, Thomas, b. Philadelphia,
Penn., 4 Dee., 17;36. Son of Thonws God-
frey, inventor of the quadrant. Received a
common-school education and was appren-
ticed to the trade of a watchmaker. Aban-
doning his trade, he took the position of a.
factor or purchasing agent in North Caro-
lina, where he resided for most of his brief
remaining life. His poetieal contributions to
Philadelphia periodicals had gained him
some repuÜJtion, allll he published one long
poem, "The Court of FUllcy " (1762), Is
ehiefiy rememhered as the author of what
was probaùly the first drmna written in
America, " The Prince of Parthia." It was
offered to a dramatic company, but was not
produced. "Juyenile Poems on Various
Subjects, ana Prince of Parthia" (1 'j(j,')j W&S
issued posthumously. Died, near \Vilming-
ton,
. C., 3 Aug., lì{j
.
GODKIN, Edwin Lawrence, journalist.
ù. l\[oyne, Co. Wicklow, Ireland, 20et.,
1831. Graduated atQlwen'scollege, Belfa
t.
\V as corre
pondent of the London "Daily
Kews" in the Crimean war from 18.54 to
18:ï(j. Came to America in the latter year,
and was admitted to the bar in X ew \T ork
city, 1859, practising law for a few years
until his health fai1ed. lIe was .Ameriean
GOD TVI2\-r-G RAÐ Y.
(.nrre:,pondent of the" Daily Xews. ,. and a
memher of the N. Y. "Times" editorial staff
from 18ü2 to 180,), when he assumed the edit-
()rship. and the year after became part pro-
prietor. of the X. Y. ., Xation." In 18tH the
.. Xation .. was made the weekly edition of
the N. Y." E,'ening Post," anù')Ir. Godkin
became joint pditor anll proprietor of the
combined journals. Author of ., History of
Hungary" (1t:\:)ü) and "Government " (1871),
be
ides contributions to the reviews and
mag-azines.
GODWIN, Parke, editor, h. Paterson.
X. J.. 25 Feb., 181ü. Graùuated at Prince-
ton. A memher of the :,staff of the X. Y.
to E,'ening Post " from 18:Jì to 1H.j;J. :\Iar-
ried a daughter of William Cullen Bry-
ant. 'Yas editor of "Putnam '8 .:\Ionthlv"
for some years, and in 18ü5 again hecame
:\Ir. Bryant's associate on the" Ewning
Post." Author of .. Popular View of the
Doctrines of Fourier " (11;4-1), "Out of the
Past," essays (18;0), amI "Cyclopædia of
Biography" (1871), Edited with a memoir
thp final ellition of Bryant's works, 1t:\83-4.
GOODALE, Dora Read, b. ::\Iount
"\Va,;;hington, Berkshire Co., .Mass., 29 Oct.,
l
lili. (See GOODALE. ELAIXE.)
GOODALE, Elaine, b. :\Iount Wa!"h-
ing1:on. Berkshire Co., .:\Iass., 9 Oct.. 18{j:3.
The Goodale si:4ers, daughters of Henry S.
Goedale, recei,'ed their education mainly
from their mother, while residing at "Sky
Farm," tllPir father's estate at ::\Iouut 'Yash-
ington. They hegan the composition of
Yerses while very young, and their poems
were publbhed in the magazines as early as
1
77. Elaine Goodale, aftprsome years" ex-
perience as teacher in Hampton Ìnstitute,
V R., became a go,-ermnent teacher at White
river cump, lower Brul? Indian agency,
Dakota. Her senices in this capacity aUtI a
number of ahle articles on Indians and their
instruction le(1 to her appointment in 1800
as superintendent of all Indian schools in
South Dakota. Dora Read Goodale became
.a resident of Xorthampton,
Ia
s., where
.she engag-ed in the study of art. 'The poems
of the sisters have been published tog-ether
in volumes as " Apple Blossoms: Yerses of
Two Children " (11'\;8), "In Berkshire with
the Wildflowers" (18;!)), .. Yerses from
k....
Farm ,. (18
O), and "All Round the Year;'
(11;
1).
Goodloe, William Cassius [Noted Say-
ing : Vol. Xl., page 4GO], b. Mallison Co.,
Kv., 1841. .At one time H. S. minister to
Bèlgium. \Vas in 1t-:H8 the Kentuc-k
' mem-
her of the Republican national committee.
Died, Lexington, Ky., 10 Nov., 1R
!).
GOODRICH, Samuel Griswold," Peter
Parley." publi
her. b. Hidg-etìel(l. Conn.. 10
Aug-.. 1 ;fþ:t Beg-an as a puhlisher at Hart-
ford. Conn. Travelled in Eurupe during
.1"'2-1, and on his return removed hb bu::::iness
517
to Boston, Issued there, 1828-4?, "The
Token," one of the" annuals" of that peri-
od. It emhraced contrihutionsfrom a num-
her of young writers, whom Goodrich was
fond of encouraging. Among other works
the" Twice-told Tales" of X athaniel Haw-
thorne first appeared in "The Token."
Goodrich was the author or editor of about
one hundred and seventy ,-olumes, most of
them edited under his pseudonym. They
were largely compilations. Some of his orig-
inal works were "The Outcast, and Other
Poems " (18
ü), "Sketches from a Student's
Window " (1
-11), and "Recollections of a
Lifetime " (18:);). 'Vas at one time a mem-
ber of the ::\Ia
sachusetts senate, amI was
C S. consul to Paris during President Fill-
more's adminbtration. lIi
last vears were
passed in X ew York city. Died, X ew York,
X. y" 9l\Iay, 1860.
GOOKIN, Daniel, colonist, b. Kent,
England, about lü12. Emigrated to Vir-
ginia in lü21, and remo,'ed to Boston, X ew
England, in 16-14. finally settling at Cam-
bridge. Served as magi
trate from lü;)2 to
1686, except in 1üìü. Was chosen in 1656
superintendent of all Indians suhject to the
colon v of ::\Ia:::sachusetts, and in lü81 was
appoï"ntetl major-general of the colony. Re-
sisted. though unsuccessfully, the measures
t hat ended in thp loss of the )[assachusetts
charter in Hit;ô. 'Yas appointed one of the
licensers of the printing press in Cam bridge,
IGG2. "Historical Collections of the 1I1(li-
ans in Xew "England," 'Hitten in 1();-1, was
first published in the
Iassachusetts histori-
eal society's collections for 1792. Died, Cam-
bridg-e, .:\lass., 19l\Iar., 1ü87.
GORDON, Armistead Churchill, law-
yer, b. Alhemarle Co.. Ya,. 20 Dec.. 1855.
t
dueate(l at the university of Yirginia.
Studied law and entered on the pra(.tice of
his profes:::ion at Staunton, Va. Joint au-
thor with T. X. Page of "Befo' de \Yar:
Eehoes in N el,TO Dialect " (1888), and a con-
tributor of vérse and fiction to the maga-
zines.
GOTTHEIL, Gustav, cler
'man, b.
Pinne, Prussia, 2R )Iav, 1827. Studied at the
uniwrsityof Berlin. .Was rabbi of Heform
Jewi
h ehurches at TIerlin nnd at .:\Ianehes-
tel', Englan(l. ana wa
culletl to thc Temple
Emmalluel in Xcw Yorkeitv, 18m. A eon-
trihutor of numerousarticle
to the perimli-
eab. .. Hymns and Authors" appeared in
1
7.
GOULD, Hannah Flagg, b. Laneuster,
)[IlS
.. 3 Sept., 1 ;
!J. The daughter of a
Rf'\""olutionary soldier, with whom she early
removed to Xewhuryport. :\Iass., remaining
there unt il her dent h. Several edition
of her
.. Poems" were puhlished, olle in three \""01-
\lInei'in lR3ü. Dif'd, Kewhurypurt, )Ia
..
5 Sppt.. 1
fj.).
GRADY, Henry W oodfen, journalist,
518
GRANT-GREELEY.
b. Athens, Ga., 17 .Mav. 1851. Graduated
at theunh
ersity of Georgia. Edited several
local papers in Georgia and was for a few
years a member of the X. Y. "Herald " staff.
Ìn 1880 purchased an interest in the At-
lanta, Ga., "Constitution," and became a
leading writer for that paper. Gained repu-
tation as an orator by his speech On .. The
Xew South" at the New England society's
dinner in N'ew York city, 1titi6, and there-
after until his death spoke and wrote much
on the same topic. .. Life of Henry \V.
Grady" appeared in 1890, and contains a
nmnber of his speeches. Died, Atlanta,
Ga., 23 Dec., 1889.
GRANT, Robert, kwyer, b. Boston,
Mass., 24 Jan.. 1852. Graduated at IIar-
yard. . Studied for the law and entered prac-
tice at Boston. Some of his books are" The
Little Tin Gods on "'-heels" (1879), "The
Confessions of a Frivolous Girl" (1880), and
" The Knave of Hearts" (1886).
GRANT, Ulysses S., sol<liC'r, and eigh-
teenth president of the United States, h.
Point Pleasant, Clermont Co., 0., 27 April,
1822. Appointed to a West Pointeatletship,
183t1. Graduated, 184:J. A seeond lieutenant
in 1t;45, he joined the army in Texas, where
he had several commands. distingui:,:hing
himself in the l\Iexican war. \Yas a captain
in 1 t:;:m, after hard senÏc-e in California and
Panama. Resigned, 18:)4. and took a farm
near St. Louis until 1860, then became
clerk in his father's }umlware store, Galenn,
Ill. Was appointed colonel of an Il1inois
regiment, l
{j1. and later major-general of
volunteers. )Iade a gallant capture of guns
and prisoners at Columbus. on the )fissis-
sippi. afterward winning most substantial
victories Ly taking- Forts Henry and Donel-
son. For0ver-zeal was relieved of command
from Fehruary to )Iarch, 1862. when }w was
reinstated. and met the enemy at Shiloh.
After this "as second in comñlaml under
Halleck, Captured Yickshurg, 4 July, 18fi:
,
receiving a gold medal from congress and
the mnk of major-general in the regular
army. \Yas gi'
en the supreme command.
Mar., 18ß4. Received Lee's surrender at
Appomattox, \) April, 1:;63, Was elect('d
president of the L nited States, 1868, and
again in 1872. )Iade a tour of the world in
18;7, being received with enthusia:-m bv
sovereigns and peoples even-where, In 1884.
lost his fortune through' the fraudulent
management of a banking firm in which he
was partner, To provide for his family he
wrote his" )Iemoirs" during the fatal and
rapid progress of a cancer at the root of his
tongue. The book brought nearly half a
million of dollars to his widow-the greatest
success a single work has ever had. Died.
)It. McGregor, near Saratoga, K. Y., 23
Julv, 1885.
GRAY, David, journalist, b. Eùin-
burgh, Scotland,
ov., 1836. Came to
America, 1
49. In 18.')(i joined the staff of
the Buffalo, K. Y., .. Courier," of which he
was editor, 18,6-82, resigning on account
of ill-health. "Letters, Poems, and Se-
lected Prose \Yritings of Dayid Grav"
(1888) was edited posthumously by J. N.
Larned. Died, Binghamton, N. Y., 17
Mar., 1888.
GRAYDON, Alexander, b. Bristol,
Penn., 10 April, 1752. !leceh-ed his educa-
tion in Philadelphia. \Yas appointed a cap-
tain in the Hevolutionary army in 1 'ì'ì5, was
soon taken prisoner. and remained in con-
finement or at liberty on parole until 17ì8,
when he was exchangeù. He did not return
to the army, but resided subsequently at and
near Harrisburg. Penn., hadng being ap-
pointed prothonotary of Dauphin county,
Contributed to the periodieals of his time
and published ., :ì\Ipmoirs of It Life Chiefly
Passl'd in Pennsylvania" (1t'11), Died,Phil-
adelphia, Penn., 2 May, 1818.
GREELEY, Horace, journalist, b. Am-
her
t, S. II., 3 Feb., 1811. Third son of a
poor farmer. At fourteen was apprenticed
to the publisher of the" Korthern Specta-
tor," Poultney. Yt., receiving board, lodg-
ing. and $40 per annum. The paper failing
in 1830, he worked for a while at Erie,
"Penn., and then made his way to K ew York
city. arri,"ing with all his wòrldly goods in
a handkerchief-bundle, Aug., 1ti:31. After
working in llew
paper offices. he tried, 1833,
to own a printing-office, and "ith Jonas
\Yinchester started" The X ew Yorker," in
1
:J4, whieh InstC'd sewr,ll
cars. a literary
success hut a pecuniary failure. James G.
Bennett offered him a share in starting the
X. Y. "IIerai<<I." which was dee-lined.
E<<lited "The Jeffersonian" at Albany for
\Y. II. Seward and Thurlow \Yeed as II cam-
paign paper. 1
38-9; also, on his own
account, "The Log Cabin." which was a
success, and gave him position. Established
.. The Tribune" on General Harrison's
election, beginning 10 April, 1841. II('nry
J. Raymond was chief assistant until 1843.
In lti47 Charles A. Dana beC'ame malUlging--
editor. George \Yilliam Curtis, l\'Iargaret
Fuller, and Bayard Taylor were also on the
staff. Gained much popularity a
a leeturer,
and was It life-long apostle of various re-
forms. \Yas elected to the U. S. house of
representath"es in 1848, amI expo:-;ed the
nbuses of mileage allowances by whieh melll-
bprs profited dishonestly. Was delegate-at-
large to the convention for revising the
state constitution, 186.. Ad\Ocated the ab-
olition of slavery bpfore and during the
civil war. At the close of the war boldly
urged a general amnesty. and C'Ìvil rights
for the negro. Signed the hond as one of
.Jefferson Davis's hail, at loss of considerable
pOIJlllarity, and injured the large ::::ale of
o REEL Y -0 RISTVOLD.
519
"The American Conflict" (1864-ü). \Yas
nominated for the presidency by Republi-
cans dissatisfied with Grant's renomination.
The action of the Democrats in al!'o formalh
nominating Greeley chilled much of thè
sentiment in his fa\-or, \Yent on a tour
through the country spea1.ing in his own
behalf, but lost the election, and. ill "ith
oYer-effort, and with the strain of his wife's
illness and death, broke down, and soon fol-
lowed her to the grave. Published several
books and e
!'avs between" Hints toward
Reforms" (1
.1Ò) and "l
ecollections of a
Busy Life" (1Hl.it!), but is mainh- eminent a:o;
the 'founder of the N. Y. "Ti'ibune" amI
its chief for thirty-one year
. Died, Plea:o;-
antville, \Vestchester Co., K. Y., 29 Kov.,
1t!-;2.
GREELY, Adolphus Washington, ex-
plorer, b. Newburyport. Mass., 27 .1\[ar.,
1844. Joined the 19th )[as:o;achusetts regi-
ment at the outbrpak ofthecivil war, and in
1'lar., I8H,1, was made brevet major of vol-
unteer!'. Became a 1st lieutenant in the
regular army, 18-;3. Headeù the Proteus
Arctic expedition of 1t't)I, remaining in the
polar regions until June, 1884, when the
seven survivors of that party were finally res-
cued. In 1887 succeeded to the command of
the signal-service with the rank of briga-
dier-general. Author of "Three ï ears of
Arctic Service " (18
ü).
GREEN, Joseph, merchant, b. Boston,
:\lass., 1706. Grnduate,l at Harvard. Com-
menced husines,.; as a distiller in his natÏ\-e
place, and gained a large competence later
In life. \Vas noted as a wit and poet, partic-
ularly in connection \\ it
l :\lather Byle!',
whose ri\'al he wa
. IIis pal"()(ly of Byles's
"Hnnn written durin ,r a \-onwe" is very
neatly done, Byles's reph beiilg
'ulgar alll'l
unfit to print. Originally a memher of the
American party, he satirized the addresses
of GO\'ernor Belcher allli lampooned the
British go\'ernment in various ways. In
1 ìi6, howe\-er, he was proscribed and ex-
iled for adherence to the crown. .. Poems
and Satires" appeared in 1780. Diell, Lon-
don. England, 11 Dec., l,t;O.
GREI:NE, Albert Gorton, lawyer, b.
Providence, R. 1.,10 Feb., 1802. Graduated
at Brown. Practi!'ed law at Providence.
\Va,.;clerk of the municipal court for twenty-
fi ve years. amI its judge, IS:)8--ü,. Began the
Ranis collection of American poetry, now
in Brown university. Among his fug-itiye
poems the he!'t-known arc "The Baron's
Last Banrl1U't," "Old Grimes," and" The
1'[iJitial\Iuster." Died, Cleveland, 0., 4Jan.,
1 t!(j!:l.
GREENE, George Washington, b,
East Greenwich, R. r., t!
\pril, 1811. Stud-
iell at Brown university. "'as U. S. con
ul
at Rome, 1t!H7 -4.1, anù' profe
or of modern
languages at Brown, 184t)-52. Elected to
the R. 1. legislature, 18fì,'). Becamp profes
or
of .American historv at Cornell, 1t!-;2. .Au-
thor of .. Biograp'hical Studies '. (18l.iO)
" Historical \ïew of the .American Revolu-
tion" (ISH:)), all,l ., Life of Gen. Xathanacl
Greene," his
ranùfather (1
li'j'-71). Died
East Greenwich, R. 1.,2 Feb., 188:3.
GREENE, Homer, b.
\ripl, Penn., 10-
Jan., 18.13. Graduated at L nion college.
\.
resident of Honesdale, Penn., and there oc-
cupied with law and civil engineering. .Au-
thor of "The Blind Brother" (1t;t;-;) and
" Durnhmn Breaker " (188;), novel!', and of
numerous poems.
\mong the latter is.
., 'Vhat mv IJover
aid."
GREENE, Sarah Pratt [McLean], b.
Simsbury, Conn., 3 July, 18.J
. Studied at
outh Hadley seminary. IIer ðperiences
while teaching It country school near Plym-
outh, :\[:l
s., are related in .. Cape Cod
Folks" (1881), which iI1\'ohed lwr in law-
suits with some of the chamC'ters descrilwd.
'Yas married, 1
8" to Franklin Lynde
Greene of Frémont, O. Other books are
.. Towhead: the Story of a Girl" (1
84)a11l1
"La
tchance Junction, Far, Far \\' est: a
X ovel " (18
9),
GREEY, Edward, merchant, b.
anll-
wich, Kent. .England, 1 Dec., 1t;35. Rl'-
ceh-ed a military education and was made
captrrin in the En
lish army, 1
1iO.
aw
service in China, and wa,.; for sewral years
attaché of the British legation in Japan,
E4ahlished himsPlf as a merchant at
Xew York city, 1868.
\uthor of several
plays awl of books dealing with Japanese
life and history. .Among the latter are
.. The Wonderful City of Tokio ., (1882) anù
"The Golden Lotus" (188:3). Al
o a trans-
lator of Japanese nowl:,:. Die/I, Xpw York,
X. Y.,1 Oet., 1RH
.
GRISWOLD, Rufus Wilmot, h.Benson,
Yt.,15 Feb., 1H1:). Before he was twenty had
mana
ed to see much of hi,.; own land and of
EuroÌ)e. Entered the Bal'ti
t ministry and
receÏ\'ell the Ilegree of 1>. D. After a short
pulpit career ga\'e it up for journali
m. As-
si
ted Horace G ree ley in' 'The X ew Yorker,"
and was l'ditor of" Graham's )Iagazine,"
1842-3. Edited the" International )Iaga-
zine," 18.')2, these eonnpctions hringing him
into per
onal relation
\\Ìth a number of
rising authors. Published hi
fir::-t book,
"Poems," in 1841. and the hl'tter known
"Poets and Poctrvof
\meriea" in 1842. In
1849 he Leeame Ëdg-ar .\llan Poe's literary
executor. at the poet',.; own rl'lfuest, anù
brought out a coHeetion in thr('e ,'olumesof
Poe's tale
, e:,says, anll poems (18.10). It was
prefacl'd by a
tri1.ing- ohituary art ide 011
POl>. origi naUy written off-hatHl for the X. Y.
.. Trihune." and by a memoir whieh excite,l
so much controversy that it has lwen umit-
ted from recent eùitions. Gri,.;woIa'
other
productions incluùe "Christian BaUaùs"
520
G
TE'RNSE Y-HA LL ECK.
(1844), "Prose "Writers of America" (1846),
" Female Poets of Amprica" (1848), " Poets
and Poetry of England" (1845), and" Sa-
('red Poets of England and America" (1849).
Died, Xew York, K. Y., 27 .Aug., It;37,
GUERNSEY, Clara Florida, b. Pitts-
ford, 1\Ionroe Co., K. Y., 1 Oct., 1839. Stud-
ied at the Troy, X, Y., female seminary. A.
resident of Hochester from childhood. Took
an active intere
t in mi
sions and in the af-
fairs of the Seneca nation of Indians. Author
of numerous books for children, and a con-
tributur to the leading magazines. ,
GUINEY, Louise Imogen, b. ßo
ton,
.1\1ass., 7 Jan" 18Gl. Daughter of Gen. Pat-
rick R Guiney, killed during the civil war
while serving in the Union army". She gradu-
ated at Elmhurst academy, Providence, R.
I., and afterward lived in Boston and vicin-
ity, occa
ionally visiting Europe. Author
of "Songs at the Start" (It!t!4), "Goose-
Quill Pa1'prs "(188.'>), " The White Sail, and
Other Poem
" (18t;i), and" Brownies and
Bogips " (1
H).
GYLES, John, soldier. 'Vas taken cap-
tive by the Indians at Pemaquill, .Me.. in Au-
gust, Wt!9, when about twel ve years old. Re-
mained among the French and T ndians until
lü98, when he was returned to Xew England
and entered the military service of )lassa-
chusetts. \\T as still in service when he
brought out his" Memoirs of Odd Adven-
tures, Strange I>elivenmces, etc., in the Cap-
tivity of John Gyles, E
q., Commander of
the Garrison on St. Ueorge's River" (17:36).
HADLEY, James, philologist, b. Fair-
field, Herkimer Co., X. Y., 30.1\larch, ]821.
Eùueateù at Fairfield academv, Graduated
at Yale. \Y as professor of Greek at Yale from
1831 until his death,andalso lecturer on civil
law. One of the .American committee of re-
yisers of the Sew Testament, and a member
of various learned bodies. Author of a
,. Greek Gram mar for Schools and Colleges"
(18ÜO), .. Brief History of the English Lan-
guage" fur ,Vebf'ter's Dictionary (1
(j4),
,. Elcment
of the Greek IJanguage" (18m,),
and there were hrought out posthumou
ly
"Twelye Lectures on Roman Law" (1873)
Hlll1 "Es:-;IIYS PhiloloQ'ical and Critical"
(It!ì3). Dieil, Xe\\' IIa\':en, ('onn., 14 Koy..
18ì2.
HALE, Edward Everett, clergyman, b.
T30ston, )[ass., 3 April, 1822. Graduated at
Harvard. Entered the mini
try and was suc-
<:'e
siH'ly p3stor of L nitarian churches in
"
orcester and Boston, )lass. Began Ii tern ry
work at an early age in the office of the Bo
-
ton" Adyertiser." Founded in 18G!) "Old
mIll New," which wa
ub
equently merged
into" Scribner's )Ionthlv." Alwavs identi-
fied with humanitarian pj'ojects, an(l created
through the mcrlium oflus hook, "Ten Times
One i:-; Ten .. (1
';0). elubs devoted to eluu'i-
tahle ubjecb, comprising a memher
hip of
fifty thou<;anrl in all parts of the world. A
prominent figure in the "Chautauqua" lit-
erary society, and an extensive writer for its
publicati
ns, Publisl
in the "Atlm.ltic
)Ionthly for Dec., 1t.:U,), "The l\Ian "\VIth-
out a Country." tt story which purported to
be \Hitten by nn officer of the navy, and
which gained wide popularity, giving a
strong impul
e to national feeling at the
Xorth. Some of Dr. Hale's books are ., The
Uosary" (1848), .. Knnsa:-; and Nehra
ka"
(1t.:.34), "If, Yes, and Perhaps "(18(;8)," Pur-
itan Polities in Englanrl and X ew England"
(l
GfI). .. His Level Be4, and UtherStories"
(1870), ., In His Xmnc" (18;4), "W orking-
men's Humes, Essays nnd Stories" (1
74),
,. Philip Nolan 's Friend
,- (18;6), ., The Bible
and its Uevision" (1t.:7fJ), .. .Franklin in
France " (18
i), and a" Life of \\' ashingt on"
(l
87), bef'ides important contribution
to
Justin Winsor's ,. )[emoriaillistory of Bos-
ton" and "X arrath"e and ('riticalHistory of
America." A journal with the title" Lend a
Iland; a Hecon1 of Progress and J Ollrnal of
Organized Charity" was fouuded by Dr,
Uale in 188G.
Hale, Nathan [Noted Saying: Vol. X1.,
page 447J, b. Coventry, Conn., (; June, 1 i55.
Served as a eaptain in the Continental army.
Was hung a
a
py hy the British, New York,
. Y., 22 Sept., 17j(i.
HALE, Sarah Josepha [Buell], h. Xew-
port, N, R., 24 Oct., 17t.:8 (Horatio Hale),
'Yas married, 1813, to David Hale, a lawver.
On his death in 1
22, devoted herself to lfter-
ature, allll edited nt Boston the "Ladies'
)[agazine," 1828-37. This was combined
with" Godey's Lady's Book " whieh she ed-
ited until 1877. R.esi<led
t Philadelphia
after 1/;41. 'Was an early ad vocate of higher
education for women. Besides
eve1'al nov-
els and volumes of poems, published" 'Vo-
man's Reeonl "(l
;)a). Died, Philadelphia,
Penn., 30 April, 18i9.
HALL, James, b. Philadelphia, Penn.,
19Aug.. 1 ìH3. Served in the war of 1812, and
afterward practised law at Shawneetown,
Ill., where he became judge of the C'Írcuit
court. Hemovillg to Cincinnati in 183a. he
engaged in hanking until hi
death. Edited
the "Western )Ionthly l\la
azine," amI pub-
lished
enrul hook
on \\' estern hi
torY,
among them ., Hketches of the West" (1
;{:,))
mul ,. The HOlllance of "
e
tern II i
torv "
(1
;)7). Died, near Cincinnati, 0., 5 JuÌy,
1t.:(i
.
HALLECK, Fitz-Greene, accountant.
h. (
uilforrl. Conn., /;Julv, 1790. A de
('elld-
ant of John Eliot. Heeèiwd his education
at the sehoo}s of his nath"e place, and from
1
0.) to Ifill was clerk in the shop of a rela-
the. Removed to Xew York city, 1
11, and
obtained a elerieal position in tIle banking-
hO\1
e of Jaeoh Barker. bv whom he wa
em-
l,loyed for twenty years. 'Inlt.::J2 elltclwl the
HALP INE-HARD Y.
521
service of John Jacob Astor as hook-keeper,
remaining with him until the latter's death
in 1
4!:J. The re,;t of his life was passed quietly
at Guilford. His reputation as a poet dated
from the publication of the" Croaker" pa-
pers, a series of poetical
atires on pu1Jlic
characters of the lwriod, contrilmted hy Rod-
man Drake and himself tothe X. Y. "Even-
ing Post " in 1819. Their well-known fripnò-
ship had hegun seven years before. In the
autumn of the s,une year Halleck's poem
.. Fanny" appeared, and met with success.
".:\lm'co Bozzaris "was first puhli:,;hed, 182.3,
in the X. Y. "ReYiew," edited hy William
('ullpn Brmnt. The first yolume of IIalleck's
poems w:J.
urought out in 1t'2ìwith the title
., Alnwick Castle. with Other Poems." After
that year he wrote but little. lIis" Poetical
"
ritings" (U,Ü!)) wereeditecl hy Gen. Jamf's
Grant 'Vilson, who is abo the author of
" The Life and Letters of Fitz-G reene Hal-
leek" (1HUD). Died, Guilford, ('onn., 19
Kov., 11')07.
HALPINE, Charles Graham, "Miles
O'Rpil1y," h. Oldcastle, County :\Ieath, Ire-
lana, 20 Xov., 1829. Graduated at the uni-
versity of Duhlin. Emigrated to America,
and formed editorial connections with news-
papers in Boston and Xew York. Entered
the U. S. army at the opening of the civil
war, and rose to the rank of brigadier-gene-
ral of volunteers, resigning in H,ü-!, and de-
voting himself again to journalism. 11 mnor-
ous sketches of army life,anll satirical poems
purporting to be written by an Irish private,
were contributed hy Halpine to the X. Y.
" Herald" and other papf'l's, and were after-
ward published as "Life and Adventures,
Songs, etc., of Private )Iiles O'Reillv"
(1804) and" Baked :\leat,; of the Funer,il "
(18013). In 1809 appeared "The Poetical
Works of Charles G. I1alpine." Died, Kew
York, N. Y., 3 Aug., 11;(jH.
HALSTEAD, Murat, journali!'t, b.
Paddy's Run, Butler Co" 0., 2
ept., 1R29.
Graduated at Farmer's college, Ohio. ""as
connected with yarious new:-:papers in Cin-
cinnati until he joine!l the" Commen-inl. ,.
now the "Commercial-Gazette," of that eit v
in 18.")3, of whieh he hecame proprietor an;l
editol'-in-chief in 1SH7. Delivere(l t-:e,-eral
mltlre"ses on puhlic occa:-:ion:-:.
HAMILTON, Alexander, statesman, 11.
I:-:land of Xcvi", \\"e:-:t Inc1ie,;, 11 Jan., 17.37.
uppo"e,l to }la,-e bef'n the !'on of a :-;cotti:-:h
merehant of Xcvi,.;. This gentleman having
IJf>come a bankmpt, the youth cntererl the
West Iwlia. o!lìce of Xit'hòla:-: ('rug-er, aX. Y.
merchant. Hamilton hall ah'pady reeeived
ollle schooling, and, hi" lIhilitips being rp('-
ognized, he \Va:-: in 1 Îi
:'I'nt to l
o:-:ton for
education. Stwliell nt Elizaheth. X. J.,
and entered Kin!!"". now ColumbiH, college,
1 i7:3. During 1 i, -1-.3. a "I'cpeh at n l'ulJlic
llleeting, aUlI ::,everal pamphlets nd n)catin
the cause of the colonic!', brought him while
yet a student into pubUc notice, \Yas ap-
pointed captain of artillery, .:\Iar., 17,ü, and
a yenr later lweame aide-ùe-camp to "\\T at-:h-
ington. Thi" }Jo:-:ition he re,;igned early in
1,tlt. Later in the Year he reeei ve<l a com-
mand in the army, ånù performed valuable
services at the eapture of Yorktown. After
that event he retul'llPd to Xew York, and was
chieH)' oceu l )ietl with the study and practice
of law, unti the agitation for a cont-:titution
commene('!l. \Vas a (h'legnte to the com'en-
tioll at A nnapolis in 1,::;0, and to the Phila-
delphia convention of 1Î
ì. Contributed
more than half the papers which compose
.. The Federnli:-:t ., :J.wl in other ways was in-
!'trumental in ohtaining the con,.;el1t of New
York state to the ('on
titution. "\\? as first
se('retnr
- of the treasury under \Va:-:hington
frum 17
U to 1,fl.3, <luring which period he
planned and carried out the organization of
the e. ::;. financial s,"stem. At the same time
took an active i.nterèst in other public affairs,
contributing politicnl artides to the press.
In 17Ð8, on the threatene!l outbreak of war
with France, was appointetl
eeond in com-
mand of the U. S. army under Washington,
succepding to the chief command on the
latter's death. 'Yas fatally wounded in a
duel with Aaron Burr, the l:esuIt of a politi-
cal quarrel. His" \V orks " were edited by
his son in 18.")0. A more complete edition was
hrought out by II. ('. Loùge in 187.5. Died,
Kew York, X. Y., 12 July, 1804.
HAMMOND, James Henry, statesman.
b. Kewberry,
. C., 1.3 Koy., 1
Oì. Gradu-
ated at South Carolina college. 'Yas U. ::;.
representative from ::;outh Carolina, 1835-
0, governor, 1842-4, and U. S. senator from
18.37 until his state seceded in 18{i0. Pub-
lished pamphlets and articles in the South-
ern interest, and to promote pmdic:J.I prog-
ress. Die!l. Beech Island,
\iken Co., H. C.,
13 XOY., 18ü4.
HAMMOND, John, coloni
t. It is only
known of him that he emigrated to Yirhrinia
from England in 10:
.j, residing there nine-
teen year" and in
Iurvland two years. He
was then oblig-ed Ly local di:-:tm:bances to
Imve the colonies and return to Eng-Iand,
where he puhli,;hed .. IJeah anti Haehel, or
the Two Fruitfull :-;i4er,.; Yirginia and
Mary-land: Their Pre
('nt('()n!lition, Impar-
tially state(l and related ., (Hi.")li),
HARBA UGH, Thomas Chalmers, b.
:Mi(hlletown, 1\1!1.. 13 Jan., l
.m. "'as
broug-ht af' a C'llild to ('a:-::,;town, 0., "here
he afterwartl rpsitled. Followed the o("("upa-
tion of a literary journnli:-:t, eontrihuting
both pro
p nTHl Yer
e to the periodieals. Of-
ten re('itetll'oems on occè\sions. Author of
., .:\Taple Leaws." poems (1
$
),
HARDY, Arthur Sherburne, educator.
h.
\.lHlover, ì\la:-::-:., la .\ug., 1
47. Pa:-:sed
one year at
\.lllherst college, going thence
522
HARLA..:.YÐ-HARRIS.
to '''est Point, where he graduated. Was
2d lieutenant in the 3d artillery regiment,
U. S. A., 1869-70, resi
ning to become pro-
fes
or of ci vil engineering and applied mat h-
ematics at Iowa college. Dt).ring 1/::;'ì:J-4 he
was a student at the Paris Ecole des ponts
et challssées, and in 1
;4 accepted the pro-
fessorship of civil engineering at the Chan-
dler scientific school of Dartmouth colle
e.
Four yenrs later he was made professor
of
mfithenmtics at Dartmuuth. Author of
"Francesca. of Rimini." a poem (11');8),
" Elements of Quaternions" (1t;81), "nut
yet a \Voman," novel (18t!3), .,
cw
Idh-
ods in Topographical Surveying" (18t!4),
" The 'Vinci of Destiny," novel (1
8û), anll
"Passe Rose," novel(It;89). .Also translated
from the French, with notes, ..Argand's
" Imag-inary
llantities ., (1t!
1).
HARLAND, Henry, ":-iidney Luslm,"
b. Xew York,
. Y.. 1 Mar.. 1
(j1. ::itud-
ied at the college of New York and at Har-
vard. Hesided at Rome and London for
some time, and wrote letters of tra.,yel from
both places to .American journals. From
1
3 to 1886 held a position in the surrogate's
ofJi<.'e at X ew York city, resigning in the lat-
ter year to devote him-:elf to literature. Au-
thor of "As it was Written" (1885), " ::\Ir:,.
l>eixada" (18t!G), " The Yoke of the Thorah "
(t13t;;), "
ly l
ncle FlorimoIlll" (1
8H),
., Grandison :\lather" (113t!H), "Å Latin-
QUfu'ter Court,;;hip, and Other Stories"
(1t;.--!J), "'J,'wo Voices" (18HO), and "Two
W omen or One" (1t!!J0).
HARNEY, William Wallace, journal-
ist, b. Bloomington. Iwl.. 20 June, 1H31.
Stwlierl at Louisville college, Ky. Was
pl'ofessor of English and the clas,.;ics at the
Kentucky normal school for several years.
Joined the staff of the IJouis\'Ìlle "Demo-
cl'at, " 1
.j!), and snccee<led his father as
editor-in-chid. 1t;û9. The same year re-
moyell to Florida, where he engaged in
orange-culture. His numerous poems and
articles appeared chiefly in periodicals.
HARPER, Robert Goodloe, lawyer, b.
near Frellericksburg, Va., 17G3. Gra.duated
at the college of X ew.T ersey. Studil'<llaw at
Charle,;;ton, S.C. Practised until 17!)4, when
he became U. S. representative from South
Carolina, serving until 1801. 'Vas U. S.
en-
at.or from :\Iarvlancl, 1815-16. 'Vhile in con-
gress. as a leading Federalist. supporte<l the
a<lministration of Washington. IIi s " Se led
\V orks" appeared in 1814, Died, Baltimore,
1\1(1.. 1:> Jan., 1
25.
HARRIS, Joel Chandler, journali4. b.
Eatonton, Ga., 9 Dpc., 1848. 'Vas appren-
ticed at the age of fourteen to the publisher
of the" Countryman," It small weekly paper
of central Georgia. There he learned the
trmle of a printer, and contributed to the
., Countryman" his first literary efforts.
After the war went to
ew Orleans as pri-
yate secretary of the editor of tl1P "Crescent
Monthly," anrl suhsequently was editor of
the .Forsyth, Ga., " -'..(l\-ertisel'." From 1871
to 1t!ì(j he \Va:' a member of the staff of the
aYannah .. Daily Xews." accepting an edi-
torial position on the
\.tlanta .. Con"titu-
tion ., in the latter year. .For this paper he
wrote the material contained in hi" volume
of negro folk-lore elltitìcd " Uncle Remus:
his Songs awl his Sayill!.js ., (1880). This
book met with immediate success. and was
followed by ":\lillgo, and Other ðketches .,
(18t-i;J), "Xights with r ne-le Remus ., (11;
4),
,. Free Joe, and Other Georgian Sketches"
(18t!
), "Daddy Jake the Hunaway, a.nd
::ihort Stories told after Dark" 08t;!J). In
1800 Mr, Harris suceeðded to Henry W.
Grady's editorial chair ûn the "Constitu-
tion. .', )Iuch of thnt J;aper's reputation as
u champion of the" New South" was due
to the former's cOlltrilmtions.
HARRIS, Miriam [Coles], b. nosoris I s-
land, L. 1. :-iound, X. ï..Î July, 1H:a. Stud-
iedat
t. )1ary'shall,Bul'lington,X. J. Was
married, 18G4, to Sitlney lIarri". mlll after-
ward lived at New York citv.
ollle of her
novels arc" Rutledge"(18tiO), ., Louie'::; Last
Term at ::it. l\Iary's" (1t;üiJ). .. Frank Wa1'-
rington" (1871), and" A Perfect Adonis"
(18ì5),
HARRIS, Thaddeus Mason, clergyman,
b. Charlestown, 1\1a"s., 1; July, 1 ;(jH. Grad-
uated at Harvard. After being librarian of
Harvard fur two years, was madp pastor of
the first Unitarian church at DOl'chester,
1\1ass" retaining the connection until his
death. The author of sm-eral puhlished ser-
mons nIlIllliscourses. Died, Boston, 1\[as::5.,
3
\pril, 1t!42.
HARRIS, William Torrey, educator, b.
Korth KiIlingly,Conn., 10 Sept., It;:].3, Stud-
ied at Phillips acmlemy, Andover, :\lass.,
and at Yale, afterwanl receiving the deg-ree
of )I.
\. from the latter institution. Remm"-
ing-to St. Louis, :\1o.,hewasa teacher in that
city from 18.38 to 1
Gì, when he became its
superintendent of schook His thit.teen an-
nual school reports, 1
(j8-80, gained him
witle reputation as an educator. and hrought
him the honorarv titles of " Officer of the
Academy" and "Officer of Public Instruc-
tion" from the French govemment. He
founded ,. The Joumal of :-ipeculati,-e Phi-
losophy, "18Gì.of whichin 1890heha<le(lite r l,
with numerous contrihutions of his own,
twenty-one volumes. "r as assistant editor
of" .T ohnson's Encyclopædia. "writing forty
artieles in the clepnrtmcnt of philo,;;ophy awl
psy('hology. In 1880 Dr. Harris resigned his
po
ition as superintentlent and relllo,'ed to
Concord. )[ass., where with 1\11'. Amos Bron-
son All'ott he was acth-e in founding the
Concord school of philosophy, and was one
of the most ff'eq !lent lecturers at its se
sions.
'YllS connected with the
\merican social sci-
HARRISOX-HA TVTHORNE.
523
ence association for fifteen rears, writing
many papers for the annual meetings. A
constant contributor of articles on philos-
ophy, education, and art to " The Korth
American Review," " The Forum," "J our-
nal of ðocial Science, " .. The \Yestern," and
other leading reviews. lIe was the repre-
sentativcof the U. S. bureau of education at
the Brussels international congress of edu-
cators, It;I)O, al1l1 in lK
Ü was appointeJ by
President IIarrison L. S. commissioner of
education. Author of " 1 ntroduction to the
Study of PhilosopÌ1Y" (18
fJ) and .. The Spir-
itual Sense of Dante's · Divina Commedia ' "
(1890),
HARRISON, Benjamin, twenty-thinl
president of the enited States. h. Xorth
Bend, 0.,20 Aug., 183:3. A grandson of Pres-
ident \Yilliam Henrv lIarri:,on. Graduated
at Miami university: Studied for the law, he-
ginning practice at Imlianapoli
,Ind., It>34,
and afterward making that city his home.
Served through the ci,-il war in the "Luion
army \..>ecomin 'T hre"et bri<'adier-gcneral of
volù
teers. \Y
s clC'cted If s, senator from
Indiana, 18
0. and nine years later was in-
augurated pre:,idenL of the "Cnited States.
HARTE, Francis Bret, lJ. Albany, X.
Y., 2.) Aug., 18:]!). The son of a profe
sor in
the Alhany female academy, The latter dy-
ing during his son's childhood, Bret Harte
reeeiwd only a common-sdlOol ellucation,
and at the age of seventeen remon'd to Cali-
fornia with his mother. lIe taught school at
Sonora in thatstate,and this ycnturefailing,
sucees
ively worked as a miner, a printel"'S
apprentice, and as an express messenger and
agent in various mountain towns, gaining
the impres:-ions of \Vestern life afterward
made use of in his literary wurk. St'ttled at
San Prancisco in It!3ì, soon obtaining" an edi-
torial position on "The Goillen Era." In
1804 he succeeded Charles Henry Webb in
the editorship of " The Californian." then a
weekly literal'y journal. in whkh his" Con-
densed K ovels" originally appeared. Pre-
yiou
to his connect ion with this paper :\[1',
Harte filled yarious Hmall otJices until his ap-
pointment, IHH4, as secretary of the "G. ::-;.
Immch mint at San Franci:-;('o. On the estah-
lishment of "The Overland :\lonthly"' in It!68
:\11'. Harte becn.me its editor, anrl publisher!
in the Hecowl number his fir:-;t notable stlll1\-
of California life, "The Luck of Roaring
Camp." This was followed by several other
overland f'ketches and hv some of his most
popular pOl'mR, that commonly known as
"The Heathen ('hi nee" appearing in the
is:,ue for
ept., 18;0. The same yen.r he re-
Hig-nl'd hisofficeaR Hecretary of the mint. and
in 18ì1 removed to Xew York city. his grow-
ing- reputation having- brong-ht him many
ofIprsof literary work from the East. He was
appointe!l U. S. consul at ('refdd. Germany,
1878, and in 1880 U. S. consul at Glasgow,
Scotland, retaining his office at the latter
place until 1883. Subsequently liyed in and
near London, England. His first book, . 'Con-
densed Ko,"els" (1867), was followed by
.. Poems" (1870), .. The Luck of Hoaring
Camp, and Other Sketches" (1871), .. East
and \Vest Poems" (18; 1), .. Poetical \Yorks"
(18ì3), ")11'5. Skaggs's H usbamls " (1873),
., Echoes of the Foot IT ills" (1874), "Tales
of the Argonauts" W
ï.j), ., Two
Ien of
Sandy Bar" (18;6), .. Thankful Blossom"
(18;G)," The Story of a )Iine" (187;), " Drift
from Two Shores " (1R7
), "The Twins vf
Table Mountain, and Ot}wr Stories" (1t!ìü),
"Flip, and Found at mazing Star" (1882),
"In the Carquinez \Y oods" (1883), "On the
Frontier" (1884), "By Shore and Sellge"
(18t!.5), ")[aruja, a X oyel ., (1t'
:)), .. Snow-
Bounù at Eagle's" (1886), " A\. :\Iillionnaire
of Rough awl RC'tHly" (188ì), ., The Queen
of the Pirate Isle," for children (lRS;). " The
Argonauts of Xorth Liberty" (1!o;
f:I.), " A
Phyllis of the Sierra:;" (181:58), "Crc'ssy"
(181-<9), "The Heritage of Dedlow :\Jarsh"
(IH89), and" A Waif of the Plains" (1
!J0).
HASSARD, John Rose Greene, jour-
nalist, b. Xew York, X. l., 4 Sept., 1836,
Gra(luated at St. John's college, Fordham,
X.l. IIewasassistant editor of the "A\mer-
ican Cyclopædia," 18:>ì-64, awl in 18(;6
joined the editorial staff of the X. 1. .. Tri-
bune," becoming- its musical critic the fol-
lowing year. Suc('pederl Gf'orge Hipley as
literary editor of that journal. 1880. .Author
of .. Life of Archhishop H ug-hes" (18(ì6),
"The Ring- of the Xibelungs ,. (1Hìì), and
" A Pickwickian Pilgrimage" (1"'81). Died,
Xewlork.:N. 1" 18 April, 1
R8,
HAWKINS, Willis Brooks, journalist,
b. Aurorn, Ill" 1.3 Aug-., 18.;2. Begflll eòi-
torial work on the l\linneapolis ., Tribune,"
1t;74. 'Vas editor and part proprietor of a.
paper in his native ('ity, 18ìü-83, and after-
ward f'pecial editorial writer for t he Chicago
"Xews" and \Yashington, n. ('.. .. P04.'"
r n 1
!}0 hecame editor of the \Yashington
" E,-ening Critic."
HAWKS, Francis Lister, ('Jl'rg-yman,
h. XewBC'rne, N. C.. 10June. 1ì!iH. (;radu-
ated at the univer:::ity of Korth Curolina.
Entered the EpiscopaÍ ministry, 1
27. Was
rector of churches at Xew York, Xew Or-
leans, and Baltimore. l>eelined three elec-
tions as bbhnp. \Y a
fir:,t president of the
universitv of Louh..iana. Author of .. Con-
trihutions to the Ece1C'sia:-;til'al IIi40rv of
the United Stutes" (18:lfi-Ü) ant! .. History
of Xorth Carolina" (1857-8). Died, Xew
York,
_ Y., 27 Sept" 181iû.
HAWTHORNE, Julian, h. Roston,
l\lu!':-;., 22 ,June, lR..tG. Son of Nathaniel
Hawthorne. Resilled with hi:, father at Liv-
erpool anI 1 on thf' f'ontinent, 1
5
-GO, enter_
ing Harvard in Hì(j:
. Took 8. ('our:-;e of ci, iJ
engineering at the same institution in 18GB.
õ24
HA W1'IJORNE-HA Y.
stnd studied at Dresden. Gf'rmam", 18ti8-70.
'Va-.; employed as a hydrographIc engineer
in the New York city dock department for
the two following years. lIe then returned
to Dresden Hud devoted himself entirelv to
Jiteran work. I{esided at that cit\" aJl
1 in
(h'eat 'Britain until It-1R2, after ,,:hich he
made his home in Xew York city, and more
recently at Sag lIarbor, Long' Island. lIe
was for some time connected with the Lon-
don "Spectator, " and eont rihuteù to the
,. Contemporary Re\"iew" in it;;.) a series of
mticles entitled ., Saxon Studies," after-
ward puhlished as a volume. Among his
novels anI! eolJections of short stories are
"Bressant" (1873), "Idolatry" (1 Hì4).
"Garth" (187;)), .. Archibald Mlllmaison"
(1t;78), "Ellice Quentin," " Prince Saroni's
'Vife," "Sebastian Strome " (ll-:!HO), "For-
tune's Fool" (1t;8
), "Du
t" (1H84). "ße-
atrix Randolph" (1SR4), .. Xoble Blood"
(1884), "Love-or a X ame "(1885), "The
Trial of Gilleon" (1StlG), ..
\. Dream awl a
Forgetting" (1:-;88), "The Profe:-;sor's Sis-
tel''' (1t18t:\), and "Constance " (mHO). He
has abo i:-.sued "Confessions and Criti-
cisms" (1t;t<ì) and" 1\athaniel Hawthorne
stnd his Wife: 11. Biography" (188,")).
HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel, h. Sulem,
l\Iass.,4July, 1804. A descemlant of William
Hathorne. who emigrated from .Englawl
with John Winthrop in the
4.rbella. Wil-
liam's son John was one of the judges in the
witcheraft trial:-; at
alem, and the latter's
gral1lbon was Capt. Daniel Hathorne, of
Revolutionarv fame. The romancer was a
grambun of 'Captain Hathorne, and was
re
ponsible for the changed spelling of the
family name. Bis father, who was lUa
ter of
a merchaut-ves
el, died when Xathaniel was
four years old. The SOB received a portion of
his early cIlucation at Salem from Joseph
K \V orce=--ter, the lexicographer. lIe was
"fitted fur colleg-e at Salem, also, and eutered
Bowdoin in 18
1. counting among' his cla:,;s-
mates Henry 'Yo Longfellow. George B.
Cheever, amI .John S. C. Abbott. His life-
long friend, President Franklin Pierce, was
a mem bel' of the precf'lling class. Prom the
year of his g-radllation untillt1aU he livetl
chiefly at Salem in great retin.ment. ha\'ing
but few friends antl tlemting himsp}f to per-
fecting hi
literary taleBts. His fir=--t novel,
"Fanshawe," was broug-htoutanonymously
in 182G, and meeting- with litt Ie suece
s "as
s u ppresse( 1. The ma B usPri pt of a coHeet ion (If
stories whichheafterwar<lputintoa publish-
er's hanlls was withllrawn and de=--trO\"c(1.
J{ecein
(l his first l'raetical encourag-e]Ìlent
from Samuel G. Uoodrich, who puhlished
f(Jurof Hawthorne's stories in ., The Token "
fot. 1t131. one of the "annuals" of that
time. The same puhlisher engaged him as
editor of the .. American :\Iagazine of Useful
and Entertaining Knowledge," which con-
nection lasted from 18:JG to 1838. .At t his peri-
od hp contributed some of his best stories to
the" X ew England .Mag-azine, " "The Knick-
erbocker," and the " Df'mocratic Heview."
The first volume of "Twice-Told Tales" ap-
peared in IS
Jì. Two years later he was ap-
pointed a weigher and gauger hy George
Baneroft, then eollector of cu:,;toms ut ßu=,-
ton. Losing the position with a change of
government in 1
41, he joined the Brook
.Farm association, rpnutining but a few
months. IIis marriage and relUoval to the
.. Old :\lan
e" in Concord. ::\Iass., foHo\\ed
in 1842. 'Vhile there the second yolnme of
"Twice-Told Tales" (184;)) and the two ml-
umes of " ì\losses from an Oltl :\lan
e " (184ti)
were conected from his publi
hed writings.
An appointment as surveyor in the custom-
house of Salem, 184G, was brought to an enù
in 1849 Ly trumped-up charges. The follow-
ing year he issued" The Scarlet Letter. " He-
moved to Lenox, ::\lass., and ut that place
wrote "The House of the Seven GaLles"
(11';31) amI" The Wonder Book"(1t.;,;1). The
..;ucceeding two years were marked by brid
residences at 'Vest X ewton awl C'oncord,and
by the publication of " The Blithedale no-
mance" (11:).;2), a campaig'n life of Frank-
lin Pieree (1t;,")2), and ., Tanglewood Tales"
(183=3). In 1833 he neeepted from Presi-
.dent Pierce an appointment us IT. S. con-
sul at Liverpool, .England, remaining there
four yPars and afterward travelling on
the Còntin
Ilt. Returning to Englund he
brought out "The )[arble Faun" (1860),
anù the same year :-;ailed for America, pnss-
iog the remainder of his life at" The Way-
side," the house pnrehasecl by him at Con-
corù in 1
32. During this period he wrote for
the "
\.tlantic ì\Innthly "the papers which
were collected in a volume as" Our Old
Home" (1t'63) and the uncompleted works
published after his death as .. The Dolliver
Romance," ":;eptimius Felton," 31111 .. Dr.
Grimshawe's :-;l'cret." ".American filII I Eng-
lish Xote-Books" and" French and Italian
Xote-Books" were edited posthumously by
::\lrs. Hawthorne, and in 1t185 appeareù
"Xathaniel Hawthorne and his \\ïfe: a
RiogTal'hy," hy his son. Julian Hawthorne,
Died, Plymouth, N. II., 18l\lay, 1
fi4.
HA Y, John, b. Salem. I m1., H Oct.. 18
8.
Grnllnatf'1l at Brown universitv. Studiell Jaw
at Springfield, Ill., uml f'ntei'ed the bar in
It;til. Soon after \\a:-:; malle a private secre-
tarv of Pre
ident Lincoln awl fillell thi:- po-
sition until the latter's Ileat h.
\b() actell in
the eapaeity of adjutant aBll aide-de-camp.
and saw service unller Genern},;: II unter
anll Gillmore fiS major anll as:-;i:-tant nd-
jutant-general. Ueeeived the brevets of
lieutenant-colonel and colonel. _Uter the
cÌ\-il war was L. S. seeret ary of legntion
at Paris, 1
ti;j-7, aud chargé d'ufl'ail'e:, lit
Vienna. 1867-8. He Was also secretary of
llA rES-HEADLlJ. Y.
525
legation at )[allrid from 1808 to 1870. Re-
turning to the Cnited States in the latter
year. he accepted an editorial position on
the X. Y. " Tribune," resigning and re-
mo,"ingtoCleveland,O., in 1/;75. From 1/;;9
to 11"
1 he was as
istant secretary of state
under President Hayes, and subsequently
made hi:-:; home at Washington. Author of
"Pike County Ballads, and Other Pieces"
(1871), "Castilian Days" (18;1), " Poems"
(1890), and joint author with John G. Xico-
lay of " Abraham Lincoln: a IIistory," the
alÌthoritative biography of its subjeèt, first
published in the "Century )[agazine" for
1887-ü.
HAYES, Isaac Israel, explorer, b. Ches-
ter Co., Penn., 5
Iar., 18
2. Graduated at
the medicl-tl school, university of Pennsvlva-
nia. In It\.')a sailed with Dr. Kane on his ex-
pedition in search of Sir John Franklin.
lIea!led an expedition fitted out by puhlic
subscription, 1/;1i0, in search of the open
polar sea. Returning- in It'(j2, he entered the
rnion army as surgpon, rising to the rank
of brevet lieutenant-colonel. Published
., An .Arctic Boat-Journey" (l/;GO), "The
Open Polar Sea" (1807), and "The Land of
Desolation" (1871). Died, Xew York, X, Y.,
17 Dee.. 18/;1.
HAYES, Rutherford Birchard, nine-
teenth president of the r nited States, b.
Delaware, 0., 4 Oct.. 1/;22. G1"Iuluated at
Kpnyon eollege. Stwlie!llaw and prac-tisell
at Cincinnati. Served with di
tinction in
the e nion army during the civil war, gain-
ing t he rank of breyet major-general of '-01-
untef'r
. \Vas IT. S. rel'resentati ,"e from
Ohio, 18(};)-7, and governor of that
tate,
1867-7:3. _\. subsef]uent election as governor
in 187;) was followed the next veal' hv his
election to the pre
iclency, his term expIring
in 18H1. Afterward livell in retirement at
Frémont, O.
HAYNE, Paul Hamilton, b. Charleston,
S. C,. 1 Jan" mao. A nephew of Robert
Young Rayne. His early e!lneation was su-
pprintewled by his unde, his father having
dip!l shortly after Paul's birth. Gradnate!}
at the nnivèrsity of South Carolina. Began
to pmcti
e law. but soon abandoned the
profession for literary pursuits. 'Yas suc-
cessively editor of .. J{us
e1rs )[agazine"
and the Charleston .. Literary Gazette," be-
sides contributing to the .. Southern Liter-
ary :\[essenger" and other perio!lil'Hls. En-
tered the Southern army at the outbreak of
the ciyil war and servcd until ohliged to
resign by failing health, His hou
e RIllI all
hi
personal property having been destroyed
at the bomùardment of Charleston, he re-
moved his family to a farm in the pine
woods near Augusta, Ga., and again re-
sumed journali
tic work. During the war
he '" rote a number of popular WHr lyrics.
The remainder of his life was overshadowed
by a hard struggle to F:upport his family
under an increasing burden of ill health.
Author of "Poems" (18.35), "Sonnets and
Other Poems ., (1857), " Avolio, a Legend of
the Island of Cos" (1t'.39), "Legends and
Lyries" (1872), "The )[ountain of the Lov-
ers, and Other Poems" (11;73), ., Life of
Rouert L Hayne" (187t!), "Life of Hugh
S. Legaré" (1878), and " Poems, Com plete
Edition" (1
t\
). Died, Cop;:;e Hill, Forest
Statioll, Ga., () July, 1886.
HAYNE, Robert Young, statesman, b.
St. Paul's Parish, C'olleton District, S. C.,
10 Xov., 17!J1. Studied law at Charleston,
and was a!lmitted to the ba.i'in 1812. Served
in the war of It!12. A memher of the South
Carolina legislature from It\14 to 181A. and
attorney-general of the !Suite, 1I:H8-22. In
1822 he became r. S. senator from South
Carolina, holding office until 1832. As sen-
ator he was an opponent of the protective
s\"stem, and in the debate on the tariff of
1
24 fir8t advanced the theory that congress
has no eonstitutional right to impose duties
on imports for th(' protection of home in-
dustries. In Jan.. 1830, the theon" of nul-
lification having already heen e
pounded
by Calhoun, Bayne introduced it into the
senate in connection with his speeches on
Foote's resolution, elicitingthefamoua" re-
ply" of Daniel Webster. Resigned his po:-:i-
tion as senator, Dec., 18;3
, to become gov-
ernor of
outh Carolina amI take part in the
nullification proceedings of that month. Is-
sued his counter-proelamation to that of
Presi!lent Jackson at this time, but, a com-
promise haying been effeeted, pre
ided over
the state convention whic
repealed the
ordinance of nullification. Sened as gov-
ernor until 18:34. The remaiwler of his life
was chiefly oCl'upied with state improve-
ments. The" Life and Speeches of Roùert
Y. Hayne" appeared in H34.3. Died, Ashe-
,ille, N. C., 24 Sept., 18iJü.
HAZELTINE, Mayo Williamson,
journalist, b. Boston,
Iass., 24 April, 1841.
Graduated at Ran-ant awl affer\\an}
stuclied at Oxford. Practi
e(llaw untill
78,
when he became literal'\" editor of the X. Y.
" Sun" an!l editorial '\Titer on t he same
paper. In H./
tI he assumed in allllition the
managinge!litor
hipofthe
. Y." Ledger."
Author of .. Chats ahout Book
, Poets, and
Xo\"elists" (1883) and several paml'hleb.
HEADLEY, Joel Tyler, h. Walton,
Dcla,\-are Co., N. Y., 30 Dec., 181:1. Gra!l-
uated at "Cnion. Assistant editor of the X.
Y. .. Trihune," 184{i. Puhlishetl a::; articles,
afterward collected. "The Adirondack, or
Life in the Woods" (1
4!i). Was secretary
of state of Xew York state, 18;);). lssuecl
"Xapolcon and his )larshals" (18..Hi),
"'Vashington and his General:;" (1t!47),
lives of C'romweH, TIawlock, and \Va"hin.{-
ton, "Grant and Sherman, their Campaigns
:26
HEARN-HIGGINSON.
and Generals" (1865), and" The Great Re-
bellion ., (1864).
HEARN, Lafcadio, h. Leucwlia, Santa
l\Iaura, Ionian Islands, 27 June, 1t!:50. His
father was an Eng1i
hman and hi:o;; mother a
native Greek. l{eceÏ\-ed his education ill
Great Britain amI France, and removed to
America on his father's death, following the
occupation of a journalist in Cincinnati and
Xew Orleans. .Author of ., Stray IJeaves
from Strange Literature" (1t!b5>" "Some
Chinese Ghosts" (18tÌÎ), "Chita : a :Memory
of La
t I
land "(18t!9), " Two Years in the
French W e:st Indies" (1890), and" Y ouma"
(1t!90).
HEDGE, Frederic Henry, b. Cam-
hridge, )[a
., 12 Dec., 180.3. Graduated at
Harvard. and entered the r nitarian lllini
-
try. Became profe
sor of ecelesia
tical hi-;-
tory at lIarnu'd, 1 I;.j 7, awl of German in
1872. A ....sumell the editorship of the "Chris-
tian Examiner," 18;)8. Author of ., The
Prose \\
ritcrs of Germany" (1S-!H), "Rpa-
son in Religion" (l
6:)), ., Prime,.al "
orld
of Hehrew Tradition" (1t!.0), and "Ways
of the Spirit, and Other .E
says " (18..). .
HEILPRIN, Michael, scholar, b. Pi-
otrkow, Poland, 1823. Held an official lit-
erary position under Kossuth ùuring the
laUer's supremacy in Poland. }
migrated
to America, 18:ï(i, became a member of the
,. American Cyclopil'dia" staff, and wrote
for the X. Y. ,. E,-ening Post" and" Xa-
bon."
\.uthor of .. The Historical Poetrv of
the .Ancient Hehrews" (l/;.H-t!O), nÌed,
Summit, :N. J., 10
Iay, 1888.
HELPER, Hinton Rowan, projector,
b. near )[ocksville, X. C., 27 Dec., 1t;29.
While a
oung man, spent many years in
travelling in Sorth, South, and Central
America. Projector of a propo
ed railway
from the straits of )Iagellan to Rehring
sea. '\.as consul at Buenos A Hes from 18m
to 1f:;fiî, IIi.:: Look, .. The Impending Crisis
of the South" (1t!3.), an anti-8Iaveryargu-
ment from an economic point of view, was
adopted as a campaign document Ly the
Republican party in 1HOO. Other books are
"The Land of Gold " (11):)3), "
ojoque"
(180;), "The K e
roes "(18ü8), and ., The
Three Americas Hailwav" (18
1).
HENDERSON, Isåac, b, Brooklyn. X.
Y., 13 Feb., 18.jO. Grallnated at Williams.
Connected with the S. Y. "En>ning Post"
as part owncr and pulJlisher from 1t\;
to
18tH, and in the latter year relinquished hb
interest to dc\.ote himself entirely to litera-
ture. Resillel1 at Rome, Ital., 1882-H, anù
after that at Lonllon, EnglaIid. Author of
"The Prelate ., (1t!
0) and" .Agatha Page ..
(l
R
).
HENRY, Patrick, statesman, b. Stud-
ley, Hanovet. Co., Va., 2tJ .May, 173G. After
unsucce>-sful attempts at Ll1sines
, began
the practice of law in 17GO. His first case of
importance was the so-called "Parson's
cause," which he won ag1tinst the united
influence of the clergy of Virginia" estab-
lishing his reputation as an orator by his
address to the court, Inl\Iay, 1765, he was
elected to the Virginia house of burgesses
and shortly after introduced and carried
through it; an eloquent speech his fa-
mous resolutions against the Stamp Act,
Eight years later he was associated with
Jefferson and the Lees in establishing the
.. committees of correspondence" between
the colonies. lIe was the first member of
the Continental congress of 1774 to address
that body. .As governor of VirginÏ<l, 1776-9,
he took an active part in forwarding Ameri-
can interests. ..At the Yirginia convention
to ratifv the Federal constitution in 1788
he oppåsed that instrument amI proffered
amendments of which some were subse-
quentlyadopted. Hesumell his law practice
at the clo
e of the He,'o]ution, finally re-
tiring in 1794. Died, Red Hill, Charlotte
Co., Ya., (j June. 1.nt/.
HERBERT, Henry William, "Frank
Fore,;;ter," b. London, England, 7
\rril,
1807. Graduated at Oxford. IIis father was
Dean of
Ian('he"ter and cou
in to the Earl
of Carnarvon. ('ame to America. 1830,
and after teaching school and writing for
the journals edit('11 the" American
Ionth-
ly," 18
3-0. Found hi
most profitahle work
in noye]-writing, awl was the fir
t to intro-
duce field-sports into Ameri('an fiction,
Among his novels are "Cromwell" (18:37),
")Iarmaduke Wyyil" (1t!43), "The Puri-
tans of X ew England" (1t!53), and "Sher-
wood Forest ., (It!.j:ï). Besides various hbto-
rics he wrote ":\Iy Shooting Box " (11:140),
" Frank l,'orester and his Friends " (1t!49),
"
\meri('an Game in its Season" (185:3), and
,. The Horse and Horsemanship in North
America ., (18.37), There were i
suC(l post-
humou
ly "Fugitive Sporting Sketches"
(18,9) Hnd ., Poem
, a )lemorial Volume"
(188;). Died., Ly his own hand, New York,
N. Y., 17 )[ay, 18:ï
.
HEWITT, Abram Stevens, statesman,
b. I1averstraw,
. y" 31 July, 1822. Grad-
uated. at ColulllLia, and studied for the law,
l,ut, his eye
ight failing, entered the iron
bu
ine
s as the partner of Peter Cooper. U,
S. representative from Kew York, 1I:1î4-86.
Was elected mayor of K ew York city in
I
HI3, serving one term. Several of his
speeches on important occasions have heen
published.
HIGGINSON, Francis, clergyman. b.
Clayhrooke, Leicestershire, England. 1587.
Graduatc(l at Cambridge ulliversitv. Re-
came minister at his mitive place, but was
obligel! to retire on account of non-con-
formity. Accepted an offer from the l\Ias-
I'achusetts Company, and sailel! for Sulem,
::\lass., with their second :supply, arriving
HIGGIX80N-HILL.
527
there 29 June, Hi'?9. Was ordained" teach-
er" of the church at Salem, with Samuel
Skelton as "pastor," but soon contracted a
hectic feYer. His last sermon was preached
ún the occasion of John \Yinthrop's arrival
with the colony's third !'upply. His" True
Relation of the IÆst Y oyag-e to :New Eng--
land ., was written in 1G29 and printed in
Governor Hutchinf;on's "Collection" (17ü9).
" X ew England's Plantation" was published
at London in 1G:JO, Died, Salem, l\Ia::õs., (j
Aug., lfi;
O.
HIGGINSON, John, clerg-yman, b,
Cluybrooke, England, (j
\ug., lül6. Son of
Francis Higginson, with whom he emi-
gmted to .America, Hi:W. lIe was chaplain
of the fort at. :-\avhrook, 1U3,-41, and after-
ward re
ided at 'Guilford as assi!'tant to the
Re'-. lIenry Whitefield. \V as pastor of the
church in Salem,
la
!'., from HiliO until his
death. .Author of several puhli
hed sermons.
Died, Salml, :\la:,
.. 9 Dec., 170tt
HIGGINSON, Thomas Wentworth, h.
Camhridge, 1\[a"s., 22 Dec., 182:
. .A de-
scendant of Francis Higginson. "-as a
younger !'choolmntc of James Hu:;:sell Low-
ell. Uraduutcd at IIa rva rd. Entered the
mini...tn" ana heeame pastor of non-denomi-
national churehes in Xewburyport and
,,- oree4er, )1 as:;:. \Yas an ardent anti-sla-
Yery H.!..:"itator, and was indicted with \Yen-
dell Phillips allll Theodore Parker at the
time of the ,. ..Anthom" BUl"llS riot" in 18:;:3.
Took an actin:, part'in the colonization of
Kansa" in 18."j/), and \\as cognizant of .Tohn
Brown's l'lans for freeing the sIans. Uai:-ed
two comJ'anic:-: for the war in
\ug., 18ü2.
and in );O\"emuer was appointed colonel of
the first regiment recruited from contrahand
slaws. Sen"ed with distinction until Octo-
ber, 1:-<134, when he was ohlig'Cli to resign
from the efleets of a wound. His experiences
during this periü<l arc toM in "..Army Life
in a Black Regiment" (11:1,0). \Vas subse-
quently occupied with literary pursuits, to
which he hwl devoted himself on retiring
from the pulpit in 1H38. :\hlCh of his best
work 'HlS done for the" Atlantic Monthl v,"
to whie.h he was one of the earliest contrih-
utor
. ::\lanyof these paper:> ha'"e heen col-
lectCfI in volumes.
\mong his numerous
works an' .. Out-Door Papers" (18ü:3), .. )fal-
hone. flll OlllpOl.t Homance" (18G9), ".At-
lantic E:o:"ay
" (1
Îl), "The Sympathy of
Heligions" (1 :-;,1). "Young Folk:,' Hi....tory
of the CnitcIl
tates" (IHÎ3ì. .. Common
Scn....p allout \\' omen ., (IH
). "Life of )far-
garl't Fuller O:o:soli" (1H84), .. The )Ionareh
of Drcams .. (1R
'j), " Hints on Writing aIllI
:--l'ee(']lInaking" (I
Rì), "Travellers and
ÛutIH\\S: Episolles in American History"
(l8:-<
). and .. The
\fternoon Lundseape:
Poem:> and Translations" (1889). Promi-
nentlv connected with the womun-suffrage
monillellt, and au extensive writer for tllO
Boston .. \V oman' s Journal" and other sim-
ilar } Hlblications. Held several public offices
in 1\ assachu!'etts, and in 18t!û was appointed
state historian of the soldiers and sailors of
)[a:,sachusetts in the civil war.
HILDRETH, Charles Lotin, b. 1\ ew
York, X. Y.. 28 .Aug., 18."jG. Educ'ated at
the college of K ew York. An editorial writer
for the X. Y. "'V orId," 18
;j-8, and after-
ward a member of the staff of "Belford's
Magazine." Author of "Judith," a novel
(18ìü), "The Xew Symphony, and Other
Stories " (18i8). and" The ::\Iasque of Death,
and Other Poems" (1889).
HILDRETH, Richard, b. Deerfield,
)Ias5.,22 June, I
O,. Graduated at Harvard.
'" as associate editor of the Boston" Atlas,"
1832-40. On account of ill-health went to
Demerara. British Guiana, and edited "The
Guiana Chronicle" mul "The Royal Ga-
zette .. in support of the anti-slavery move-
ment initiated hv the British gowrnment.
\Y as appointed r, :-\. consul at 'l'rieste, 18G1.
but resigned through failing health. II e had
previously been a member of the N. Y.
" Tribune" staff for some Years. .Author of
the first
\merica n anti-sla ,:ery novel, "The
Slave" (It':W), hetter known hv its later
title, ., The White :-;lave "(revised cd. 1852),
"The01'
- of 1\Iorals ,. (1t!44), ,. Theory of
Politics" (18.3:3), "De:-potism in .America"
(18:>4), "Japan as It Was and Is" (l
."j.j),
"Historr of Banks" (18;),), and his principal
work, "History ofthe L nited State:>" (1t!49-
52). of which a revised edition appeared
in ] 880, Died, Florence, Italy, 11 July,
18(i5.
HILL, Adams Sherman, educator, b.
Boston, )Iass., 30 Jan., 18
3. Graduated at
lIarmrd. Studied law, but did not practise.
.A member of the X. y, " Tribune" staff,
18."j(j-9. and correspondent of that and other
papers at \Vashington, D. C., 1
(j1-4, In
lti,2 wa:> appointed a....sistant profe:<:"or, and
in 18iG Bo
Iston professor of rhetoric at
IIarmrd. Author of " Principles of Uheto-
ric " (It\7Ð) and" Our Engli:,h .. (l8
9).
HILL, George, u. Guilford, Conn., 29
Jan., 17ûG. Graduated at Yale. Held po-
sitions in the U.
. navy amI in the state
department at 'Yashington, and was for a
time L. S. consul to
\sia )linor. Author of
" The Uuins of .Athens, amI Other Poems"
(1
:J4, enlarged cd. 18:
!J). Died, X ew York,
X. Y.. 15 Dee., 18,1.
HILL, Thomas,cducntor, h. Sew Bruns-
wick, X. J., Î Jan., 1R18. Gmduated at lIar-
yard. Becamera
tor of a r nitarinn chureh at
'Yaltham, :\lass. 'Vas uppointeelIJl'('sidl'nt
of
\ntio('h college. 0., H
:m, and of Har-
vard,lt;ü:!. Resig-necl in ]t;()8 from ill-heHlth.
)Iore recently ,vas pastor of a church in
Portland, :\Ie. Author of" Christmas, and
Poem:> on ::-;laverv "(It!..t3), " Geometrv and
Faith" (1t:;4U), .., Je
u:;, the Interpreter of
528
HILLARD-HOLLA.YD.
Xature" (1t;,"}H). nnd "Prac,tical
\rithmetic"
(IS81).
HILLARD, George Stillman, lawyer. h.
l\lachias, .:\Ie.. ::?2 Sept.. 1808, Graduated at
Harvard aIllI entered the hare Electell to the
)la
sachu
l
tts
enate, ltt30. "-as solidtor
of the city of B040n. 1834-6, and e, S. dis-
trict-attorney for :\Iassachusetts, 1
(jIj-ìO,
\Vas associate editor of the .. Christian Reg-
ister" for a time, and of .. The Jurist"
with Charles Sumner,
\. member of t he edi-
torial staff of the Boston" Courier" from
It;;)ü to 18lil. Dcli,-ered lUuny occasional
addresses and lectures, and wi'ote various
memoirs. Among his published writing,.; are
".:\lemorial of Daniel \Vebster" (1
.32),
.. Six l\lonths in ltah'" W,."}:3), .. Life and
Campaigns of Georg-e It McClellan" (1864),
" Political Duties of the Educated Classes"
(1866). and" Life of George Ticknor" (1873).
Died, Bo
ton, 1\1ass., 21 Jun., It;,9.
HILLHOUSE, James Abraham, b. New
Haven, Conn., 2ü Sept., 1,89, Graduated
at Yale. \Vas engaged in mercantile pur-
suits for a few veal'S at Xew York city, but
retired in 1822: and spent the remain
ler of
his life at his country seat near New Haven.
Besides several separate dramas and poems,
i
sued "Dramas, Discourses, and Othcr
Pieces" (lR39). Died, Xew Haven, Conn.,
5 Jan., 1841.
HINSDALE, Burke Aaron, eaucator,
b. Wadsworth, 0., 31l\Iar., 1837. Studied
at Hiram college, Wal> pastor of Christian
churches in Ohio until l/;{j!l. when he be-
came a profes
or, anll the following year
president, of Hiram collegc. He was super-
intendent of public schools at Cincinnati,
1882-G. Among hi
books are" Genuineness
anll Authenticity of the Gospels" (1t170).
.. The Life aIllI \,
orks of Jmncs
\.. Garfield"
(11)8
-.3). anrl .. The Old X orthwe:,:t ., (ll:!
).
HITCHCOCK, Edward, gC'ologist, h.
Deerfi.eld, :\lass., 24 :\lay, 1793. Enterell the
ministry, and was pastor of a Congrr.gation-
al church at Conway, :1\Iass., 18
1-5. Pro-
fessor of chemi:-<try and natural history nt
Amherst college from 1825 to 11:<43. In the
latter year became president and professor
of geology, resigning the pre
idencr in
1S;:).!' Author of numerous geological works
aurl state reports, one of which was" The
Religion of Geology" (1852). Diell, Am-
herst. :\las5., 27 Feb., IS64,
HITCHCOCK, Roswell Dwight,
scholar, b. East ::\Iachias, )le., 15 Aug.,
It1l ì. Graduatcll at
\mherst. Pastor of
Congt'egational churche,.; until appointed
professor of natural amI re,-ealed reli
ion
at Bow(loin, H).32. \Vas afterwnra profe:,::,:or
of ('hureh hi40ry in the Fnion theological
semiuat.y at X ew York. 18;):), becoming its
president in 18t10. Visited Palestine, 1869,
awl was elected president of the American
Palestine exploration society, 1871. Author
of se\'Cl"H1 hooks ana p:1pf'rS, among them
"Complete Anal
-
is of the Bible" (I/;U9) and
" Socialism" (lt1î9). \V a
joint editor of
several hnnn-books, and of It volume show-
ing the
;arious readings of the Americ'an
flm1 Engli
h X ew 1'e:,:tumcnt revisers. Died,
Somerset, :\las8.. 1ü June, 1887.
HOBART, John Henry, divine, b.
Philadelphut, Penn., 14 Sept., 17î3. Gradu-
ated at the C"ollC'g-e of Xew Jersey. Took or-
ders in the Episcopal church, 1,98. Became
as:,:i
tant rector of Trinity church, Kew
York city, I
OO. Elected m;:,:istant bi
hop of
Xew York, 1811, and bishop, 1816. \Y as in-
strumental infoun(ling the General theologi-
cal semilwry. Of his numerous publications,
the .. Apology for Apostolic Or,ler" (1807)
brought him into prominent notice, and his
sermon comparing America and England
(ltl2.3) was widely di
cussed. Died, Auburn,
. Y., 12 Sf'pt., 18;30.
HOFFMAN, Charles Fenno, b. Xe\\'
York, X. Y., in I
Ofj. Studied at Columbia.
college. Entered the lIar, but left it to be-
C"ome assoC'Ìate editor of the X. Y. .. Ameri-
ean." Founded the" Knickerbucker :\Iaga-
zine," H;:
:-J, and shortly after became editor
amI owner of the ..
\merican :\lol1thly."
E(Uted the N, Y. ")lirror" and" Literary
World ., for a time. Was a ycr
atile anù
voluminous writer until his brain hecame
· affected, in 1849, this eausing hi,.; retirement
to the Harrisburg in:;une a
ylum for the rest
of his life. Among hi
huoks are" A Winter
in the We8t" (lHa.3), .. Wild Scenes in Forest
and Prairie " (ltl3ì), .. Y anderlyn," a novel
(1837), "Greyslaer, n Romance of the :1\Io-
hawk" (1
40), "The Vigil of Faith, a
Leg-end of the
\.dirondacks," poems (1
42),
.. Lu\""s of the IIwIson, and Other Poems"
(184<3), "1.o'-e's Calendar, anI 1 Other Po-
ems" (184
), anll ., Poems." complete (1873).
Diea, Ilarrishurg, Penn.. 7 June, lR84.
HOLLAND, Josiah Gilbert, b. Belc her-
lown, )1a:,:s., 24 Jul\"", Un!). Gralluate(l at
the Berk
hire mediè'al eollege, PittsfiC'ld,
...,Iu
s. \Vrote for the .. Knickerbocker,"
and became superintendent of public
schools at \Ïcksburg, :\Ii
. I n 1
-H) hpcame
as:"ociate eaitor of the Sprin
field, )Iass.,
" Republican, " increa
in
it
influenee ana
winning- a name. Hel'rintea from its col-
umns articles forming- It .. Ili
toQ'of West-
ern l\Jassachusl'tt
" (IS:;:;). ""rote a series
of "Timoth)' Titcomb's Letters to Young
People, ::\Iurriell all/I
ingle, " of whieh nine
editions in hook-form were quiekly sold
(18.38). In the smue year issued .. Bitter
Sweet," a dramatic poem of Xew England
lifp. IIisfir4 nowl apppared in 1 HfiO. .. )Ii
s
Gilbert's Carper," Of his" Life of
\hm-
halll Lincoln ., (lRfj:J) OWl' a hUll!lrea thou-
sand sold. In ll-:filj (li
po:-ed of hb share in
the .. Spring-fida Repuhlican" for fmu.teeu
times whut it llèld co:-<t him. Tra \""elled ill
HOLLEY-HOXEYTrOOD,
529
Europe for
ome time, when' Iw planned a
monthly maga7.Ïne on new line5-, in which
he was financiallv backed bv Scribner,
Armstrong & Company and Roswell Smith,
he ha\ ing a one-thinl proprietorship as.
editor. This later became the "Centurv
:Magazine," \\ hich he ('ollllucted until hÍs
death. \Yas a popular lecturer on social top-
ics. Appointed on the board of education
for X ew York citv in 1872, and was after-
ward its preside lit, Also chairman of the
trustees of the college of New York. Pub-
lished various works in addition to the
aforenamed: .. Le:':sons in Life"(1::<G1)," Let-
ters to the Joneses" (1
(i3). "Plain Talks
on Familiar Subjects" (18G,3). .. Kathrina, "
a poem (1
(jì), "The :l\Iarble Prophecy, and
Other Poems" (11:;72), "The )Iistress of
the )1anse," a poem (1
j4), .. Arthur Bonni-
castle" (1873). "The Story of Sevenoaks"
(1
ì.1), and" Xicholas :\Iinturn " (18ìG), the
last three being novels, Died, Kew York,
K. Y.. 12 O(.t., I8Hl.
HOLLEY, Marietta, "Jo
iah Allen's
'Yife," b. Ellisburg, Jeffer:,:on Co.. N. Y.,
11:;44. Always a resident of that village. A
well-known humorous writer for the peri-
odicals, and author of "Josiah .Allen's
Wife" (1878), ")1y Opinions and Betsey
BoLbet's" (1872), "Sweet Cicely" (1885),
"Samantha at Saratoga " (1887), anù
" Poem
" (18t)
).
HOLMES, Abiel, clergyman, b, 'W ood-
tock, Conn., 2.1 Dee.. 17'(;3, Graduated at
1: ale. Pastor of Congregational churches at
Midway, Ga., 17
.ï-!Jl, nnd at Cambridge,
Mass., 1'ìfl
-1S:
2. PuLlbhed "The An-
nals of .America" (1t;0.J, enlnrged ed. 1829)
ana "The Life of Ezra
tiles" (179t;), lIe-
:-idcs several sermons. Died, Cambridge,
.l\Ia:;:;.. 4 June, 1
37.
HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, b, Cam-
IJl"idge. :Mass., 29 Aug., 1809. Son of
\.bicl
Holmes. .Attended the Phillips academy in
Andover for a year and was graduated at
Harvard in the celeLrated class of 1829.
which includerl James F. Clnrke, B. R. Cur-
tis,Chandler Hohhins,S. F.
mith(authorof
".America"), "'m. II. Channing, and Benjn-
II1in Peirce. ContriLuted litrgely to "The
Collegian," but his first puLli
hed poem
appeared in the Boston" Ad '''crt iser. ., 11',;10.
It was a spirited protest again:;t the intended
Lreaking-up of the worn-out frigate" Con-
stitution." The verses were "idelv re-
printed, the ship was sltved, and earlÿ lau-
rels were won. Disliking law he gaYC it up
after n year's stud,' and turned to medicine,
to which he devotèd two and a half wars at
home, and three in ho
pital work àt Edin-
Lurgh awl Pari
. Took his degree in 1
3G,
and his first volume of " Poems" appeared
a few months later. "
as appointed pro-
fessor of allntomy ancl physiology at Dart-
mouth, 1839, nnù cstaLlisheda practice in
VOL. XI -3-1
Boston, 1840. In 1847 became Parkman
professor of anatomy at the medieal school
of Harvarù, resigning in 1
82. A com plete
list of his professional publications would
fill a large space; they include lectures,
addresses, and :-pecinl paper:': in medical
journals. a selection (If which was publi
hed
under the title "Currents and Counter-
Currents in )ledical Science, with Other
Alldres
es awl E
ays" (1861). .. 31edical
Essays " appeared in 1bt':3. In 18.j
his lit-
erary success was equalled by that of his
lectures in the lyceums on .. The EngHsh
Poets of the Xineteenth Centurv:' When
the" Atlantic )1onthlv" was founded in
1837, Dr. Holmes cOlltÌ-ibuted the famous
series of papers ancl poems afterward pub-
lished as .. The Autocrat of the Brenkfast
'Table " (1839). This was followed b) .. The
Professor at the Breakfast Table" (1RfiO),
" The Poet at the Breakfast Table" (18ì3),
"The X ew Portfolio" (181:)6), and "Over
the Ten('ups " (1890). The novels .. Elsie
Yenner" and "The Guar(lian Angel" ap-
peared in 1tìG1 and l
(j
. Besides a multitude
of fugitive pieces and poems for occasions.
he issued in book-form .. "Crania:' poem
(1846), "Astrea," poem (1850), .. Songs in
Many Keys" (1t;G1), "Soundings from the
Atlantic," essays (1t)G3), .. .!\Iechani
l1l in
Thought and .Morals" (1871), ., Songs of
l\Ian
' Seasons" (1874), "The School-boy"
(1878), "John IJothrop )lotley, a :Memoir"
(1878), " The Iron Gate, and Other Poems"
(1880), "Pages from an Old Y olume of Life"
(1
3), "Life of Ralph W alùo Emcr::-on"
(1t(t(4). .. A )1ortal Antipathy" (18
:;), and
an account of a holidav taken in hi
seycntv-
eighth year, "Our lÌundred Days in Eù-
rope" (18t('ì). Another volume followed
in 18t(
. .. Before the Curfe,,", and Other
Poems." Throughout his long ("l1re('r Dr.
Holmes occupied R uniquf' position as the
writer and reciter of Lrilliant .. occasiunal ,
and memorial poems.
HOLYOKE, Edward, colonist. Emi-
grated from Staffonhhire, England, to
Lynn, l\lass.. ahout Hi:
t;. Hepresentf'll that
to\\ n at the general court many year
. but
lived most of hi:5 da, s fit Hunmev )Inrsh
now Chel
ea, 1\la:5s. . Great-grall<If'ather of
Ðlwanl Holyoke. presilh>llt of IInlTnrd.
"Wrote" The Doctrine of Life, or 01 )Jan's
Redemption " (W3
), It copy of which he left.
to each of his sons-in-law" as their be
t leo".
acy," Died, Humney 1\[arsh, now Chelse
,
::\lass., 4 :\lav, WGO.
HONEYWOOD, St. John, lawYer, b.
IJeiC'(':,:ter, )[a:,s., 7 Feb., 17t;3 (brnke),
Graduated at Yale. Studie\llaw at
\lbanv,
N. Y., find practised at Salem in the san1e
state for the remainder of his life. .A \""01.
ume of his" Poems" (1
01) was is:"uell
posthumously. Died, Salem, \YashillO"ton
Co., KY., 1 Sept., 1798. <::7
530
HOOKE-HOP HI..NSON.
HOOKE, William, elergyman, b. South-
ampton, England, 1601. Graduated at Ox-
ford university. Took orders, but was
obliged to emigrate about 163G, on account
of non-conformity. :\Iinister at Taunton,
l\Iass., and at Xew'Hayen, Conn., until 165G,
when he returned to England and was ap-
pointed private chaplain to Oliver Crom-
well, his wife's cousin. ''''as silenced at the
restoration. Author of sf'veral sermons.
Died, in or near Lonùon, Englanù, 21
[ar.,
16i8.
Hooker, Joseph [Noted Saying: Yo!.
XI., page 454), b. llaùley, Mass., Ia Xov.,
1814, Served in the :l\Iexiean war, awl in the
civil war gained the rank of major-genf'ral
in the Union army. Died, Gnnlen City,
N. y" 31 Oct., 18iD.
HOOKER, Thomas, elerg
'man, b. near
Leice!'tcr, England.. about 1586. Graduated
at Cambridge univer:,ity. Stationed at
Chelmsford, Es!'ex, until silenced for non-
conformit \". Rl'moYed to Holland, where he
preaehed three years, sailing for Boston in
New Eng-laml with ,John Cotton, 1633. Be-
.came pastor fit X ewtown, now Cambridgfl,
::\Iass.. but, differing with the Roston lead-
ers in church matters, went through the
woods to the Connecticut rinr in l\Iav.
16:
(j, with mo
t of his congregation, and
founcled the town of ITartforrl. His pub-
lished writings numher twenty-three titles,
many being large treati:,es. .
series of ser-
mons on "The Soul" contains some of his
best work. "The Poor Doubting ('hristian
drawn to Christ" had reached a sew'nth ecli-
tion in 1 i4:t lIe mollified expositions of the
sternest Puritan theology with descriptions
of God's merc
' to pardoned sinner.;;. TIis
fame as a pulpit orator was widely spread.
Died, lIartfon1. Conn., 7 July, IG47.
HOOPER, Johnson J., lawyer, b. :North
Carolina, about 1815. Was f:olicitor of the
ninth circuit of AhLbama from 18-lD to 18Wt
::5ecretary of the provi"ional C"onfellerate
congre!'!'. 18131. Author of "Adventures
()f 'Captain Simon Suggs" (1845) find
.. Widow Rugby's Ilusbancl, anù Other
Tales of AlaLaullt " (18:>1). Died, Alabama.
It!lj:
.
HOPKINS, Lemuel, physician, b. Water-
bury, Conn.. 19 June, li;JO. Began the prac-
tice of medicine at Litchfield, Conn., in
1776, and remm-ecl to Hartford aLout 1784.
With others of the
o-called "IIartforcl
Wit!' ., he contrihutec1 to "The .Anarchiad "
and" The Echo. ,. Specimens of his poetry
are also to he found in Smith's" American
Poems" (1 Î!J:
) and in other early ('olle
-
tions. Diccl. Hartford. Conn., 14 April. 1801.
HOPKINS, Mark, !'('holar. h. Stock-
bridge,
Iasf:.. 4 Ff'b., 180
. fh'aduated at
'Vil1iam!' and at the nerk
hire school of
meùi('ine. 'Va:; appointed professor of moral
philo
ophy and rhetoric at 'Villiams, 1830.
Took a preacher's license in 1832. Was pres-
ident of Williams from 1836 to 1872, re-
signing in the latter year, but continuing
his professorship of moral philosophy and
theology. and occup
'ing the college pulpit
from 183G to 1883, Was made president of
the .American board of foreign missions in
lR37. Among his published works are" Lec-
tures on the Eyidenees of Christianitv"
(1846), "Essays and Di
eourses" (184'7),
., Lectures on :\Ioral Science " (18G2), "Bac-
calaureate Sermons" (18G3), "The Law of
Love and Love as a Law, or Christian Eth-
ics" (18GD), .. An Outline Study of Man"
(1873), .. Strength and Beauty "'(1874, new
cd. 1884. entitled "Teachings and Coun-
sel
"), and .. The Scriptural Idea of l\Ian "
(1R
3). Died, \ViIliamstown, Mass., 17 June,
188i.
HOPKINS, Samuel, divine. b. Water-
hur
., Conn., 17 t;ept., 1721. Grtuluated at
Yale. Studied theologv under Jonathan Ed-
wards. Preached at IÌònsatonnoc, now Great
Barrington, Mass., 1743-(i!J, and at Xew-
port, R. 1., from 1770 until its oc('upation by
thc British in 1776. Returned to Xewport in
1780 and remained there until his death.
lIe originated anti-slaverv legislation in
Rhode Llsland. and in " A'Sv!'tem of Doc-
trines Contained in Divine Revelation"
(1r,D3) ð.pouncletl the theologieal s
'stem
since Imnwn fiS ., Hopldnsianism. " In l
O.}
appeared "The 'V orks of Samuel Hop-
kins:' Died. Xewport, R. 1.,20 Dec., 180:J.
HOPKINSON, Francis, b. Philadel-
phia. Penn., 21 Sept., 1 ì3i. The l'on of
Thomas IIopkinson, who emigrated to
Philadelphia from London in 1 i31. Gradu-
ated at the college of Philadelphia. Studied
law anc1 was admitted to the bfir in 1 i61.
The !'ame year he served fiS secretary at
a conferenèe hetween the government of
Penns
'lvania and the Indiànl', ami com-
posed his poem" The Treaty" on that event.
Yisited England in 17(j6, remaining- two
year!', and on returning to Philnc1elphia re-
sumed his law practice. Obtained fin offi-
cial appointment from the royal govern-
ment in li7'2. which he afterward lost on ac-
count of his repuhlican principles. Haying
r('
i(i('cl for several Years at Bordentown,
"S, .T., hewas made one of Kew Jersey's rep-
resentutives in the congress of 17i6, find
ign('d the Declaration of Independence.
lIe hftll already published "The Prettr,
Stor
'" (1 i74), and this. "The Prophecy'
(1ii6), and "The Political Catechism"
(17i7), wpre of mueh hf'nefit to the American
cause. Held several office
under the Conti-
nental government, and was jurlge of ad-
miralty for Pennsylvania, 1ii9-8D. In 17DO
he was appointec1 r. S. dh4rict jlHlge for
the same state. Hopkinson's" ßattle of the
Kegs," written Jan., 1778, was one of the
most popular ballads of the Revolution. His
HOPKINSON-HOWE.
531
pen was constantly at work for the Ameri-
can side and was particularly directed
against American loyalists. He prepared a
collection of his writings for the press,
which was brought out posthumously as
.. the )Iiscellaneous Essays and Occasional
'Vritings of Francis n.opkinson, Esq."
07n2). Died, Philadelphia, Penn., 9 May,
17!J1.
HOPKINSON, Joseph, lawyer, b. Phila-
delrihia, Penn., 12 Xov., 17Î(). Son of Fran-
ds Hopkin!'on. Graduated at the university
of Pennsylvania. Degan prnctice in l,fI1
at Ea!'ton, Penn., soon removing to Phil-
adelphia. where he rose to eminence in his
profe
!'ion, 'Va!' e. S. representative from
Pennsylvania, 181.'i-19, He was appointed
judge of the r. S. district court for the
eastern di!'triet of that state in 18
8, holdin
the office until his Ileath. \Yas an officer in
8e,'cral learne.1 societies. before which he
delivered various wldresses. Is best known
for his national song. "Hail, Columhia."
written in 1 Î{)H, to the air of the ,. Presi-
dent's )[ard1. ,. for the henefit performance
of a Phihulelphia actor. It was composed
with the intention of reeoneiling the politi-
cal parties of the time-hitterly divided
with re!'pect to the war with France-on the
common ground of de,'otion to country.
Hied, PhiÌ:Hlelphia, Penn.. 15 .Tan.. 1
4
:
HOUGHTON, George Washington
Wright, journalist. h. C'nmbrillge. )IHss.,
12
\\lg.. 1
:ïO. Gradnate.1 nt the Cambridge
high !,'ehool. and nfterwar\l hecame e\litor 'of
"The Hub," a Ìl"wle-paperof Sew York city.
Author of .. Song
from Over the Sea"
(1874). "The Legend of St. Olafs Kirk"
(1
O). anel " Siagara. nnd Other Poems "
(I
R2).
HOUSE, Edward Howard, b. Boston.
Mass..;j Sept., 1
:1f;. Educated himself, anel
stuflied music for a few yenrs. entering jour-
nali!'m in 1854. Was connected with the X.
Y. "Tribune" as assoeiate etlitor. critic,
and conespondent, 18:j!)-7
. Profes<;or of
the Eng'li
h lang.uage awl literature at the
unher>-it.v of Tokio, .Iapan, 1871-3. E(lited
" The Tokio Times." a weekly journal writ-
ten hv him!'df, from 18,Î to 1/-(80.
[ore re-
cpntl" r('>-hled in New York city. K otel1 as a
trave'ner. and for his efforts to ÌlrotectJapan
from foreign im positions. .Among his works
are" The Simono
eki
\.ffair" (1/-(74), "The
Japanese Expedition to Formosa" (IR75),
"Japanese Episodes" (1tj
2). and" Y one
Santo: a ('hiM of .Tapnn " (lk8X).
HOW ARD, Blanche Willis, b. Bangor,
l\le., W.lulv, 11'347. Descemled from an old
Xew Englànd family. Studied at a young
ladies' school in
ew York city. after len\T-
ing which she spent a year in Chicago. Ill..
with a married si4er. In 187:-> she settled
nt Stuttgart. Qermany, chiefly enpl!rpù in
literary work, at the
ame time directing the
education of young ladies studying in that
city, :\lade her first success in literature
with the popular story "One Summer"
(18Î.'3). It was followed by "One Year
Abroad" (1877), "Aunt Serena" (181)0),
., Guenn: a 'Y a ve on the Breton Coast"
(1883), "
\.ulnay Tower" (18
(j), "Tony,
the )[ aid" (1887), and "The Open Door"
(18RfI).
HOWARD, Bronson, dramatist. b. De-
troit.
Iich., 70ct., 1842. Hi
father,(,harles
Hownrd. wns mayor of that city. Though
the latter was deeply engrossed in business,
it was onl
' through his encouragement, in
everypo
sihleway, that the son adopted and
pur!'ued a literary calling. Bronson was pre-
parel1 for Yale at New Haven, but the fail-
ure of his eyes prevented him from pursuing
hi" studies, except in the way of listening
to t he class lectures. lIe was a journalist
in X ew York f'Ítv from 18G7 to 1872. con-
nected successÌ\;ely with the " Eveninr,
(
azette." " E\Tening ::\fail," "Tribune,'
and" E'-ening Post," nnd afterward "ith
the I
oIlllon ,. Pall
rall Gazette." His
chief play,.; have been plwluced in Xew York
city, anl1 nre as follows: "Saratoga" (18,0,
Lonò.on 1874. as" Brighton "). "The Bank-
er's Daughter" (187R. London 1879, as "The
Old Love and the
ew "). "Old Love Let-
ters" (l R 7R). ,. Young )[rs. Winthrop"
(lR
2. IJomlon 1",
.)). .. One of our Girls"
(18R.')), .. Thp Henrietta "(1887). and ,. Shen-
andoah" (11'1'9). Other plays arc ., Dia-
mond!';' .. ITurrif'Hnes." "'Yives,"" Green
Room Fun:' ")Iet by Chance," ":\1oor-
croft,"' and" Bnron Rlidolph."
HOWARTH, Ellen Clementine [Do-
ran], n. Cooperstown. X. Y., 17
Iay, 1827.
The daughter of a calico-printer, and em-
ployefl in factory-work at the age of seven,
'Vas married to Joseph Howarth, in the
!':ame occupation. Liyed nt Trenton, N. J.,
in pxtremely re(luced circumstances until
friends sPclÌred her a comfortable subsist-
ence. Author of "Poems" (18(j7), edited
lw Richart! \Y at
on Gihler. and al90 of the
sõn
" 'Tis but a Little Faded Flower."
HOWE, Edgar Watson, jourmllist. b.
in the pre!'ent town of Trenty, "'abash Co.,
Ind.,
lav. 1 S54. H('ceived a hrief common-
school edlÌcation, an,l worked as a printer
for some wnrs. In 1R7R heeame editor of the
Atehisor}, Kan.. "D:dly Glohe." _\mong his
novels arc ., The
tory of a Country To\\n "
(1 RH 2). "A )[oonlight Boy" (1887), and".A
)lan
tory " (lHH8).
HOWE, Julia [Ward], b. K{'w York, N.
Y.. 27 :\fay, 1
IÚ, She was highly educated
under private tutors nnd \\ rote verse at an
early nge. Also showed R talent fordmmatic
writing-. whieh df'veloped later. "
as mar-
rica, 1H43. to Dr. Snmuel Gridlev Howe. dis-
tingui
}lCd as n phihmthropist,
,mpathizer
"ith the Greeks nnd Poles, and' benefactor
532
no WELL-HUDSO_LY.
of the blind, whose education he greatly pro-
moted. Soon afterward visited Europe,
where she devoted herself to the study of
philosophy and social questions. Sl;oke
Italian, French and modern Greek fluently.
Publishell a volume of poems, "Passiòn
Flowers" (If{j4), mIll another, "\\>- onls for
the Hour" (18Jü). These were followed by
two tragedies in blank ,-erse, "The \Y orId's
Own" (prolluced H:!J.3) awl" IIippolytus "
(written 1t);)t;). \Vith Dr. Howe edited" The
Conunonwealth" in Boston in the interest
of the anti-slavery moyement, for several
Years before the wlÌr. When hostilities broke
ònt she composell the impressive" Battle
Hymn of the Republic." Accomplished a
large alllount of platform work, lecturing
throughout the country in behalf of various
movements for the good of the people. In
1869 joinecl the crusade for the political
equality of women. Delivered many a(l-
dresses for the cause, contributed liberally
of her means and by her pen, and was maùe
pre:;Ïdent of the R ew Englanl1 women's club
in 18ì2, Was privileged to address the )1as-
sachusetts legislature se,.ernl times in fur-
therance of social reforms. lIer other hooks
are "A Trip to Cuba," (18GO), "Later
Lyrics" (18ü()), "From the Oak to the OIÏ\-e"
(18Gt!), ":Modern Societv" (1881), and" Life
of l\largaret Fuller" (1883). )1rs, Howe also
preached in various Cnitarian pulpits.
HOWELL, Elizabeth [Lloyd], b. Phila-
delphia. Penn., 18-. \Vasmarried, It;53, to
Robert Howell of that eitv, where she con-
tinued to reside after his dèath in 18.37, Au-
thor of seyernl poems, some of which np-
penred in " The Wheatsheaf " for 1852, be-
sides the well-known p,iece cntitleù "
liltoll's
Pravel' for Patience. '
HOWELLS, William Dean, b, )Iadin's
Ferrv. Belmont Co., 0., 1 l\lar., 1887. His
father soon after became the editor of a
weekly newspaper at Hamilton, 0., in the
office of which the son learned to set type.
The familv remowd to Davton in 1849, anù
subsequently to Jefferson, 'where ::\1r. How-
ells be.gan writing for his father's journal.
In 1tj5
he joined the editorial staff of the
"Ohio State Journal" at Columbus. Two
Years later he issued with John J. Piatt
.., Poems of Two Friends." The writing of a
campnign life of President Lincoln followed
in 1t!ÜO, and the next year he was appointed
U. :;. consul at Venice, remaining until 18ü5,
his stay resulting in the volumes of f:.ketches
entitleù . 'Venetian Life" (18()G) and" Itnlian
Journeys" (18üi). After a short period of
work on the N. Y." Tribune" and "Kation,"
he became in 18()6 assh:tnnt e(litor of the
., Atlantic )[onthlv." Succeeded James T.
Fields as editor, 11"71, retaining the position
untillt;
l. Yi:,;ited Europe, 1",
2, and nfter-
ward divided his time between Boston.
l\lass.,and
ew Y ol'kcity. In 1886 he formed
a connection with the publishing firm of
Hm'per & B
'others, nrranging to write for
them exclusIvely, and also commenced and
continued to contribute" The Editor's
Studv" of their magazine. In addition to
the ".orks already mentioned. is the nuthor
of" Suburban Sketches" (1
lj8), ":So 1...o\"e
Lost, a Poem of Tmvel" (18Gt:)," Their
\Yedùing Journey" (1871), " A Chance
\c-
quaintance" (1873), "A Foregone Con-
clusion" (1874). "Out of the Question"
(1876). ....A Counterfeit Presentment" (IHìì),
"The Lally of the Aroostook ,. (18j
). "The
Undiscovered Country" (If<t:O), .. A Fearful
ResponsiLilit.'T" (1882), " Dr. Breen's Prac-
tice ,. (18
3), .. A Modern Instance" (18t:8),
"A \,"oman's Reason" (18t\4), .. Three Vil-
lages" (18t'J), "The Hise of Silas I.aphmn "
(1t\8.3), "Tuscan Cities "(18
.3). .. The )Iin-
ister's CluLrge" (188ü), .. Indian Summer"
(188ü). "1\1oùern Italian Poets" (188ì).
"April nopes" (188i), .. Annie Kilburn"
(181-it!), .. A II azard of X ew Fortunes" (U;
fI),
nnd a series of farce dmuws, of which the
first, "The Parlor Car," was published in
18jü.
HOYT, Ralph, clergyman, b. K ew York,
N. Y., 18 April, 180G, After a term as jour-
nalistentered the Protestant Episcopal min-
istry, 1
42, and devoted his life to ] Il'omoting
tÞe welfare of the poor of New York (.itv.
lssned " Echoes of l\Iemory and Emotion;"
poems (185f1), and" Sketches of Life nnd
Landscape." poems (1
:)2, new cd. Un:3).
Died, 1\ew York, X. Y., 11 Oct.. It;ì8,
HUBBARD, William, clergyman, b.
Tendring, Essex. Englm}(l, 1ß:31. Cnme to
Rew England with his father's fmnily, lü3:J,
anù settled in Ipswicb, )la8s. Graduated at
IIanard. W n" assistant pastor and pastor
of the church at Ipswich from lü;,)6 until his
death. He gaineù consideml)le reputation
as a scholar, and was influential in the col-
ony's church affairs. His most important
book was ".A. "Karrati"e of the Troubles
with the Indians in Xew-Englallll "(lGì7).
It describes the wars with the IJlllians from
the settlement of the colom' until the end
of King Philip's war, anlÌ is a valuable
record in spite of many errors. .Another
work, "History of X ew Englnnd," which
was left in mnnuscl'ipt and first published
by the Mass. Hist. Soc. in 181.3, is largely a
compilation from other colonial writers.
IIubburd also issued seyeml sermons. Died,
Ipswich, )[ass., 14 Sept., 170J.
HUDSON, Henry Norman, clergymnl1,
b. Cormmll, Vt., 28 Jan., 1814. Gmlluated
at l\1iddleburv. Became a Protestnnt Epis-
copal ministèr, lti49. Lectured on Shake-
sreure, nfterward publishing an edition of
the poet's worliS, with" Life and Xotes." 11
vols. (1851-ü). Edited the
. Y. .. C'hurch-
mnn " und ,. American Church 1\1onthl v."
\Vas a chaplain during the 'Hir, and wròte
HUDSON-HUTTON.
533
"A Chaplain's Campaigns with General
Butler" (1
(j5). Author of "Lectures on
Shakespeare" (1848) and "Shakespeare,
His Life. Art, and Characters" (1872).
Died. Cambridge. :\lass., llLTan.. ISS(j.
HUDSON, Mary [Clemmer], b. rtica,
X. Y., 1
3H, Contributed to the Springfield.
)lass" "Republican" at an early age. \Va:;
long- the Washington correspondent of the
X, Y. .. Im1epenllent." Among her Looks
fire" Yictol'ia "(1::':6-1), "Ten Years in \Vash-
ing-ton " (1871), find "Poems" (18t!2). \Vas
twice married, first to Rev. Daniel .\.mes,
and after a divorce to Edmund Hudson.
editor of the" .\.rmy allll Xavy Register."
Died, Wa::<hington, D. C., 18 Aug., 1884.
HUGHES, John, Catholic archbishop,
b. Annalogham. Co. Tyrone, Ireland. 24
June, liH7. Emigrated to America, 1817.
Studied theology at .:\It. St. ;.\Lary's college,
:\1(1., and was orr1ained a Catholic priest,
18'.W. After twelve years' service at Phila-
delphia he was consecrated, in 18
8, coad-
jutor bbhop at Kew ï ork city. Succeeded
to the bishopric four years later, and was
made archbishop in lR:JO. Engaged in nu-
merous religious controversies with Protest-
ant clergymen. Early in the civil war was
-('mnmissioned by the U. S. gm"ernment to
upport the national cause in Europe with
his personal influence, and remained abroad
for several months. His" Complete 'Yorks"
Rppeared in It!66. Died, XewYork, N. Y.,
:3 .Jan., 18ß4.
HUMPHREYS, David, diplomatist, b.
Derby, Conn., July, 17.33. Graduated at
Yale. Entered the Continental army as cap-
ÌllÍn on the outhreak of the Revolution, and
was aide-de-camp to \Va:-;hington from 1780
until its close. Afterward resided with
\Vashington for long periods. Served as
secretary of lcgation under Franklin find
others, anl1 was appointed first U. S. minis-
ter to Portugal in 17HO, and suhsequently
minister to ::O;pain, retuM1ing to AmericlL in
1802. Held the rank of brigadier-general
in the war of lR12. His ":Miscellaneous
Works" appeared in 1804. Died, Xew Ha-
WII. ('onn., 21 Feb., 1818.
HUNT, Theodore Whitefield, educl\Ìor,
h. )IetlH:hen,X. J., 10 Feb., 1844. GnHluated
at the college of Xew Jersey, where he suh-
scquently beelllne professor of rhetoric and
EIIg-lish litemture, after studying for two
years at thf' univer:-;ity ofl
erlin.
\.mong his
hooks are .. Principles of \V ritten Discoursc "
(IRk4). .. Eng-lish Prose and Prose Writers ..
(l
'j). and "Studies in Literature and
:-:tvle " (t t-(90).
HUNT, William Morris, artist, b. Brat-
Uehora', Yt.. 31 .Mar., 1824. Pur:;uell his art-
stuùies in Europe. returning in 1
.35, and
('.;;.taIJlbhing- himself at Boston. IIis hest-
known works were the two allegorical paint-
ing.;;. in the capitol at Albany, K. Y., and
various masterly portmits. "Talks on Art,
.Totted down find Edited b,- Helen :\L
Knowlton" (1875
3) comprise selections
from his studio-advice to hIS pupils. Died,
A ppledore, Isles of Shoals, K. n., 8 Sept.,
1879.
HUTCHESON, Helen [Thayer], b.
near Quasquetion, Ia., 22 April, 1860. TIer
family early removed to \Vashington, D. C.,
where she afterward resided. Her poems
came out posthumously in the" St, Kicho-
las" magazine. Died, Washington, D. C.,
29 April, 1886.
HUTCHINSON, Margaret, b. Massa-
chusetts, ahout 17.33. Fifth child and sec-
ond daughter of Gov. Thomas Hutchinson.
Sailed for England with her father in the
summer of 1774, and was presented at the
English court. Some of her letters are given
in ,. Diarv and Letters of Thomas Hutchin-
son" (1884-6). Died, Chelsea, EnglaTld,21
Sept., 1777.
HUTCHINSON, Thomas, governor of
:\Iassachusetts, b, Boston, :Mass., 0 Sept.,
1711. Son of a Boston merchant of the same
name, and a descendant of Mrs. Anne
Hutchinson, the religious agitator. Grad-
uated at Harvard, Entered his father's es-
tablishment, hut ahandoned business for
law and politics. \Vas a representative of
Boston in the general court from 1737 to
1748, an(l in the latter year carried through
his bill to substitute silver for the then
greatly depreciated paper currency of Mas-
sachusetts. \Vas a member of the colony's
council, 1749-(j(j, and was appointed a judge
of probate, 1752. und chief-justice of thecol-
onv,1760. IIe had alreadvheen made lieuten-
ant-goYeM1or, and held' the position until
commissioned governor in 1771. His house
was sllcked, and his large collection of pfipers
relating to American' history destroyed, at
the time of the Stamp Actexciternent. Af-
ter a long struggle with the Revolutionary
party, he was finallyremowd from thegov-
ernor
hip, and sailed for England in June,
1'ì'ì4, being succeeded by Geneml Gage.
The first two yolulIH's of his yaluable "His-
tory of the Colony of :\rassachusetts Ray"
were issued, 176-1-7, and the thirl1 was
hrought out posthumously, in It!28. TIis
., Diary and Letters, " edited by Peter
O. Hutchinson, appeared, 1884-6. Died,
Brompton, England, 3 June, lì80.
HUTTON, Laurence, h. New York, N,
Y., t! Aug., It!-1:l. \Yas a merchant in his
nati ,-e eity for some years. Began"" riting for
the pre
s about 11;70. and was for a time
Ilramatic critic of the X. ï, "Eyening-
lail." In lRHÎJ hecmne conductor of the
.. Literary Notes" depurtment in" Harper's
Magazine." Ellitell the " .\.meriean Actor
Seric:;" (1
RI-2) :md f:e'"eral ot her" orks re-
lating to the stage. allll "rote .. Pla
sand
Players" (18;5), .. Literary Lundmarks of
534
INGERSOLL-JACKSO.N.
London" (188.3), amI" Literary Landmnrks
of Edin hurgh " (18HO).
INGERSOLL, Charles Jared, lawyer,
b. Philadelphia. Penn., 3 Oct., li82. Wa
F. S. repre:-;entath-e from Pennsylvania,
1813-15 anù 1841-7, mltl C S. di:"trid at-
torney for the same state from 1813 until
1829. Author of .. Ed wyand Elgi m." a
tragedy (1801), ., Inchiquin, the Je
uit's
Letters on American Liternture aud Poli-
tics " (181O},aml a history of the war of 1812.
Dieù, Philadplphia, Penn., 14 )Iny, 1
(j
.
INGERSOLL, Robert Green, lawyer,
b. Dresden, X. y" 11 Aug., 183:3. Earlyre-
moved to Illinois. SLudie(llnw and practised
at Shawneetown and Peoria until the ch-il
war, when he was made colonel of an Illi-
nois regiment. I3ccame nttorney-gencral of
Illinois, HmO. Gnincd national prominence
11$ an orator by his
peech nominating James
G. Blaine for the pre3idency at the Repub-
lican national convention of 18i6. :Noted as
a writer and speaker against the church
theologies. Some of his writings are .. The
Gods" (18i8), "Ghosts" (1879), ., Some )lis-
takes of )ro
es" (Un9), "Lectures Com-
plete" (181:\3), and ., Prose Poems amI Selec-
tions" (1884).
IRVING, Washington, b, K ew York, X.
Y., 3 April, 1783. His father emigrated
from Scotland and entereù trade in .New
York cit\-. There the :,;on recei ,red his edu-
cation at sundry small schools, taking up
the study of law at the age of sixteen. His
brother, Peter Irving, having- a
umed the
editorship of the K. Y. ":\Iorning Chroni-
cle" in It;02, Washington contributed his
first literary work to thi
journal over the
pseudonym, "Jonathan Oldstyle." In ISO.!
failing health c' Jmpelled him to abamlon
his legal studies, and he spent the succeed-
ing two years iu European travel. During"
1807 he issued, with his brother, 'Villiam
Irving, aud James K. Paulùing, the fort-
nightly numbers of "Salmagundi. or the
'Vhim- 'Vhams ltnd Opinions of Launcelot
Langstaff. Esq." The next
-ear was occu-
pied with the writing of ., ..A History of X ew
York, . . . by Diedrich Knickerbocker"
(1809), which had been projected by Peter
Irving and himself, but which is the work of
'Washington Irving. This book brought
him reputation and money. He had again
taken up law on returning to America. but
finally almndoneù it, and enterell the busi-
ness firm of his brothers as a
ilent partner
in 1810. During the war of 1812 he held an
editorial connection with the Philaùelphia
.. Analectic )lagazine, " for which he wrote
a number of articles. Sailed for England
in 1815, remaining abrmld until 1832. The
failure of his brothers' firm in 1818 turned
his entire attention to litPl'ature. " The
Sketch- Book of GeoffreyCrayon, Gent.," was
sent to Xew York cityanù is:meù in parts
during 1819, amI the next year it was puh-
lished at London by )[urray. who gave the
author over 1:400 for the copyright. .. Brace-
hridge Hall, or the II umorists " (182
) amI
"Tales of a Tra,-eller" (1t:!
-I:) follov.cd.
From 1tj2(j tu It:;
H l'tl:"
cd lllw"h of his time
in Spain, and gathered t he material:" used
in ,. The Life and Y oyages of Christopher
Columbus "' (1828), "l'hro)licle of the Con-
quest of Granada," (1
29), nnd .. The
\.l-
hambra, or the Xew Sketch-Buuk" (1832).
lIe was secretary of the "C.
. legation at
London, lR
!)-:'n, and in 1832 returned to
America, being received with puhlic honors.
Built. for himself the villa called ..
unnv-
side," at Jryington, X, y,. and thereaftèr
resided in that place, with the exception of
the years from 184
to 1846, when he repre-
sented the U nited
tates at the court of
:\ladrid. During this period he brought
out" Tour on the Prairies" (18;};)), .. Asto-
ria "(I
;W). " Ad ventures of Captain Bonne-
.dUe " (183i),
new amI succe
ful edition
of his complete works (1848-30), ,. .i\Ia-
humet and his
uccessors" (1tj4!ì-30),
"Oliver Goldsmith. a Biography" (1849),
.. 'V olfert's Roo
t, and Other Papers"
(185.3), and" Hfe of George Wa
hington "
(1853-9). In 18ti(j appeared .,
panish
Papers. and Other .i\1isceUanies," edited
_posthumously by his nephew, P. :\1. Ining,
who also prepared" The Life and Letters
of 'Vashing-ton Irving" (1
1.i
-3). Died.
Irving-ton, N. Y.,
t) Xov., 1
:ï!).
IRVING, William, merehant. h. Xc\\"
York, X. Y., 13 _\.ug., 1 ìl.it.i. Brother of
Wa
hington Irving. From l,tj7 to 1,!J1
traded with the Indians on the )Iohawk rÏ\'-
er. In 1793 marrieù a sister of James K.
Paulding, and settle!! permanently in Sew
York city. \\- as U.
, repre:-:entati n
from
Xew Y urk, 1813-19. lIe wrote the greater
portion of the verses contained in ,.
allUa-
gundi" (180i). Died, Xew York, X. Y., 9
Xov., 1821.
Jackson, Andrew [.Noted Saying: Yo!.
IY., page 490], b. in the Waxhaw settle-
ment, )1". C.. 13 )[ar., li6.. L"". S. t:enator
from Tennessee, 1,9.-8. )[ajor-general in
the U.
. army in the war of 1812. :-;cycnth
president of the ü nited
tates, 1tì
!I-aì.
Died, near Xashville, Tenn., 8 June, 1134.3.
JACKSON, Helen Maria [Fiske], "II.
II.;' b. Amber::-t, .i\Iass., 18 Oct., It'J:
1. The
daughter of Prof. Xathan 'Yo Fiske of Am-
herst college. Studied at the I pswich, )[ns
.,
ft'male seminary. \Yas married at the age
of twenty-one tô rapt. Edwarcl It II unto of
the L. S. army. Re
idecl at various military
posts until hi; death in Oct., 18Ga. In 1866
)[rs. Hunt removed to Xewport. R.I., which
was her home untillt\i2. Beyond SOUl(> early
ver:"es in a Boston paper, she had shown no
evidences uf literary deyelopmeut until 181.i.3,
when she bega
l to cuntribute poem:> to the
JAMES-JA Y.
535
K. 1. "Kation." These were followed hv
poems and prose articles in the "Indepeli-
dent" and" Hearth and Home;' and she
soon became a productive writer. A winter's
residence in Colorado in 18.3-4, for the
benefit of her health, resulted in 'her mar-
riage, It17.}, to )lr. William:;, Jackson. It
merchant of Colorado Springs. This was her
home uutil she (liell, though she visited X ew
)Iexico and California, and spent one winter
in X ew York city, gathering fncts at the
A:;tor library for her Look in behalf of the
Indians, "A Century of Dishonor" (1881).
The latter was follow-cd bv "Ramona"
(18ti4), a novel dealing w-ith' the same sub-
ject. lIer other books include "Y erses by
H. II." (11),0, enlarged ed. It!,4), "Bits of
Travel" (1t'J,3). .. Bits of Talk about Home
)latters" (1
,3), ,. Sonnets and Lyrics"
(It!,G), several books for chililren, and two
nm'el
in the " X 0 X ame" series, ")[erc\,
Philbrick's Choiee" (Iti,G) and "Hetty:s
Strang-e History" (18;;). She i", commonly
supposed to have written most of the stories
pl
bli:;hed under !he n
me of')" Saxe IIO!
Il."
Diell, San FrancIsco, (al., 1""
\.ng., 18tié>.
JAMES, Henry, theolog"ian. b. Albany,
K. Y., 3 June, 1811. Graduateù at rnion
college. Joined the religious sect founded
by Sandeman, and later tended toward
Swedenborgianism. Re
illed at Cambridge,
Iass., after ltiGli. Lectured and w-rote
much, and issued .. What is the State? "
(184G), ,. )Iorali
m and Christianity" (18:>0).
"Per:::onal Hecollectiou
of Carl vie ,. and
other" Trihune "letters, ., The èhur<:h of
Christ not an Ecclesiastici
Ill" (1834). and
"The Secret of ::;wedenborg" (18(j{)). Died,
Cambridge,
Iass., 18 Dee.. 1
82.
JAMES, Henry, Jr" b. Xew York, X.
Y.. 1.5
\.pril, 1ti43. Son of IIenr
' James, who
directed his education in X ew York cit\' and
ùuriug a re
idence in Europe. Studièd at
the I1anard law school for two years. amI in
1
().3 Legan writing for the magazine", Re-
turned to England in 18ü9. w hPl'e, and in
Italy, he afterward lived, with the excep-
tion of a brief vi
it to the r nitell States in
11:),4-3, when he was editorially connected
with the"
\.tlantic .:\lonthly. ., Originated
the class of fiction known as "tran"at!an-
tic," and has been denominateù a leader in
the neorealistic school of novelists. Abo
gained reputation as a critical writer. IIis
published work:; are" Poor Richard" (" At-
lantic :Monthly." 18û,), "Watch and W anI"
(1t!ìl), .. ROllerick Hudson ., (18,3)." Tran,,-
atlantic Sketches" (1t!,;)), "
\. Passionate
ril
rim " (187:>), "The
\merican ,. (1
;;),
,. Daisv:\[iller: a StUllv" (18,8), "An lnter-
nationàl Epi-.;ode "(1878). "The Europeans"
(18,8), "French Puets and Xoyeli"b"
e:-:
ays (1I:\ìt-(), "Confillence" (lti,!J), .. Haw-
thorne" in .. English )len of IJetters Series"
(1880), "W ashingtoll Square" (18t:>0), ".A
Bundle of Letters" (1880), " Diary of a l\Ian
of Fifty" (1880). "The Portrait òf a IJUdv "
(1881}," The Siege of London ., (1!-\R3). .. p()l'-
traits of PlaC'es" (I R t!4). " A Little Tour in
France " (18t!4), "Tales of Three Citie
"
(1884), "The
\uthor of Beltraffio" (188;'),
.. The Bostoni
Lns" (188G), .. Princess ('asa-
ma"sima" (l
tili), .. The _\.:-pern Papers '.
(1
t!), "Partial Portraits" (11:'88), "The
Re\"erberator" (1
88), .. A LOlHlon Life'
(18B9), and" The Tragic :\1 use" (11:\90).
JAMES, T. C. Accredite(l in Elihu H.
Smith's collection of "American Poems"
(1 ìH3) with the author:::hip of a poem entitled
" The Country
leeting, "
JANVIER, Margaret Thomson, ".:\Iar-
garet Yandegrift," b. New Orleans, La.,
18-. Sister of Thomas ,A. Janvier, anù It
resident of Philadelphia. Author of a nUln-
oer of books fur children, among them
"Clover Beach" (18RO), ., The Ab
ent-
l\Iindeù Fair
', and Other Y er
es" (1883),aml
"The Deall DoH, and Other ,. erse" "(188t!).
JANVIER, Thomas Allibone, " hory
Black," b. Philadelphia, Penn., W July,
184{). Son of a merchant of that city, near
which he re
ided in youth, receiving his
education chiefly at country schools. Was
engaged for sOlne time afPhiladelphia ill
the silk-importing Imsine:-:s, amlnfterwanl
as a journalist for tweh-e year". Yisited
:\Icxico, 1881-2, and during the summers of
H
8.}-" removing to K ew York city in l
ti,.
A writer for the magazines, amI author
of "The l\Iexican Guide" (188ü), "Color
Studies," stories (188.3), amI .. The Aztec
Treasure lIouse, a Romance" (1t>90).
JARVES, James Jackson, art connois-
seur, L. Bo"tun, )lass., 20
\.u
., 18
O.
ettled in Hawaii. and :founded" The Pol \--
nesian," 18:38. Appointed director of tile
gm"ernment press and spef"ial c()lllmi;;
iuner
of the kingdom to negotiate treaties with
till' ['"nited :-;tates aud France. Collected
works of art there and in Europe, gÏ\ iug old
painting
to Yale anù to the art gallery of
Cleveland, 0.. allli Yenetian gla;;s to the art
museum of Xew Y urk. Published several
books on the histor\', scenerv, and art of
Polynesia, amI two' on the'" :-;ights and
Principle,," of Pari:-: awl Italr(It).3:3-.3); also,
., Art Studie,," (l
/i1). "The Art Idea in
America" (1t'J(Hi), ,. Art Thoughts" l18ü{)),
"The Art of Japan" (18,(i), and" Italian
Ramblcs" (lI'H4).
JAY, John, !'tatesman. h. Xew York, X.
Y., 12 Dec., 1,4:>. Of IIug-upnot descent.
Graduated at King;;. nm\ Columuia. col-
le
e. "-as admittf'd to the X ew York har in
1,(it!, und was a delegate to the first Conti-
nentalcongre
sin 1,,4. He drew up for this
\Jolly its ., .Address to the People of Great
Britain," and for the con!:!,rcss of 177.') its
"Adùre!-'s to the People of C'
Llmda." Ah
enée
in connection with the
eW York convention
536
JAY-JOHNSON.
of 1776 prevented his :-igning the Declara-
tion of Independence. lIe, howf'ver, secured
the approval of that instmment by the Xew
York convention, of which he wai; a leading
member. \Va:; successively chief-justice of
K ew York, president of the Continental con-
gress, lIJ1l1 mini:-:ter to Spnin, sailing for the
latter country in Oct., 1 i7Û. Three Years
latcr with Ad,im
and .Franklin he con
Iuct-
cd the negotiations for the treaty of 1783
with Great Britain. \Vas secretary of for-
eign afiair,; from 1.8-1 to 1.89, and after the
adoption of the .Federal constitution, to
which he had contributed his influence by
writing for "The .Federalist" (l,t';8), was
offered by \Vashingtoll any office at the
latter's disposal, choosing that of chief-jus-
tice of the Cnited States. In I,Û4 he was ap-
pointeù :;pecial envoy to Great Britain, anù
completed the agreement with that country
known as "Jay's treaty." \Yas governor of
New York from 17"!);:) to 1801, and, declin-
ing a reappointment as chief-justice of the
L nited States, spent the remainder of his
life in retirement. "The IJife of John Jay,
by his Son" (18:
3) contains many of his
tate }lapel's. Died, Bedfonl, \Vestchester
Co.,
. y" Ii )Iay, 1829.
JAY, John, 2d, diplomatist, b. X ew York,
N. Y., 23 June, 181i. Grandson of John
Jay. Graduateù at Columbia. Studied for
the law. A champion of the colored race,
and conducted several leading cases involv-
ing the liberties of fugitive slaves. U. S.
minister to Vienna, 1869-75. \Vas ap-
pointed by President Clevelanù Republican
member of the civil service commission,
OWl' which he presided. A member of
various learned societies. Among his ad-
dresses are ., Caste and Slavery in the
American Church" (184:3), "The Great Con-
spiracyanù England's Xeutrality" (18tH),
and" The l\Iemories of the Past" (1867).
JEFFERSON, Joseph, actor, b, Phila-
delphia, Penn.. 20 Feb., 1829. Third of
the name, in ùirect descent of a family of
actors. Made his earliest appearance on
the stage as a child of three veal's. Gaineù
his first reputation at K ew )
ork city as Asa
Trenchard in .. Our American Cousin,"
1838. In collauoration with Dion Bouci-
cault constructed the play of "Rip V an
"\Vinkle," producing it at London, England,
1863. "The .Autouiography of Joseph Jef-
ferson" appf'ared in the "Century )[aga-
zine" for umo.
JEFFERSON, Thomas, third president
of the Unitell State..;, b. "SIHlllwell," Albe-
marle Co., V a.. 2 April, 174H. Grfilluated at
William and )[ary college, amI wa
admit-
teù to the uar of \
irg-inia, 1707. Two years
later he was elected a memuer of the Vir-
ginia hou:,e of bmgesses, to whieh body he
present ell his draught of in:,;truetions for the
Virginia delegates to the Continenml con-
gre:-:, of 1774. They were not adopted, but
were soon after published in pamphlet form
with the title .. A Summarv View of the
Rights of Briti:,h America." 'In June, 1 i75,
he became a member of the Continental con-
gress, und on 10 June, 1776, was appointeù
ehairman of the committee to prepal"C the
Declaration of Indf'pendence, which he
dmfted. For the ensuing three Years he
chose to Serye in the VÌI'ginia legislature,
whieh was then largely occupied in re\ bing
the laws and statutes of the state. He was
governor of Virginia, 1770-81, ana in 1,
4
was sent to join .Franklin awl Adams in the
completion of treaties \\ith European pow-
ers, The following year he was made min-
ister to France, returning to .America, 178f1,
:nlll sen-ing liS secrf'tary of st:Üe under
Washington until 179-1. While in Paris he
published his" Xotes on the State of Yir-
ginia "(1784), In 17D6 WlIS electeù yice-presi-
dent of the 1.7 nited
tates. .Four years later,
as the candiùate of the Republican-Demo-
cratic party, he defeated John Adams for
the presidency, and was l'e
lected for a sec-
ond term in 180-1. At the end of his sec-
onù term he retired from public life aUlI de-
voted himself largely to the furtherance of
education in Virginia, founding the univer-
sityof Virginia in 1t!W. "The Writings of
Thomas Jefferson" were published by order
of ongress in 1854. Died (on the same day
with John Adams), l\Ionticello, Va., 4 July,
1826.
JENNISON, Lucy White, "Owen Inn:,-
ly," b, Xewton, l\!a:,;s, , 18-. Daughter of
amuel Jennison, a member of the Boston
bar. Educated at private schools in the lat-
ter city. )luch of her life hns been passed
in Europe, particularly in Italy, whieh be-
came her mlopted home. At one time a cor-
respondent of the Springfiehl, 1\13s:", "Re-
publican." Some of her poems were collected
in "Love Poems and Sonnets " (1882).
JEWETT, Sarah Orne, · 'Alice Eliot.,"b.
South Berwick, :Me., 3Sept.,184Û. Daughter
of Dr. Theodore II. Jewett, a physician of
reputation. Received her education at Ber- .
wick lIcademy, and contributeù a story to the
" Atlantic )lonthly" as early as ISHfi. lIeI'
stories and novels chiefly arc concerned with
Xew England life and chul'acter. Travelleù
extensÍ\
ly in Europe amI Canada, making
her home at South BerwÌC'k and at Boston,
:i\lass. Some of her hooks arc" Deephayell "
(1877), "Plar-Dars" (18iS), ., Old Fljends
and :x ew" (IS H O), "Country By- \\ ar s "
(1881), " The :Mate of the Daylight " (1t!t)3).
.. A. Countrv Doctor"' (18t!4), ".A :\Iarsb.
Island "(18
3), .. A \Yhite Beron" (1886), ·
" The Stor, of the X ormans ., (ISt!7), "The
King of Folly I!'lal1l1. and Other People"
(18t';8), and ., Betty Leicester" (1889). T
Johnson, Andrew [N oled Saying: \i 01. ,
XL, page 435], b. Haleigh, X. C.,
H Dec.,
JOHNSON-JOH.J..YSTON.
537
lROS, Seventeenth pre
ident of the rnited
States, l
Ij.')-n. Died, neal"Carter's Station,
Tenn.. 31 Juh', 1
7.),
JOHNSON, Captain Edward, colonist,
b. England, 15{){) (\Y. F. Poole). A resident
of Herne Hill, near Canterbury, Kent, at
the time of his sailing with John Win-
throp's fleet in 1(j30. Returned to England,
and again emigratcd to )las
achusetts, set-
tling at Chariestown in 1fj31.i. One of the
founders of \Y ohurn, )las,;;., 1G42, and its
representatiye in the general court for many
years. Experience in military matters gave
him place on all committees charged with
those affair;;:. "A History of X ew England,"
or, "\Y onder-working Providence of Sions
Saviour in
ew England ., (1G54), was writ-
tcn to correct fube reports of the colony
spread by disappointe(l 1Il1venturers. It
treats of eYenÌ:5 from 1û28 to 1 (j,')2. Died,
\Y oburn, 3fass., 2:3 _\.pril, IG72.
JOHNSON, Helen [Kendrick 1, b. Ham-
ilton, :\fadison Co., X. Y., 4 Jan., 1843.
Daughter of Prof. Asahel C. Kendri('k. \Yas
married, 1
6{), to Rossiter Johnson. Author
of a number of books for children and of
" Our Familiar Songs, and Those who made
Them ., (1881) nnd "Raleigh \Yestgate, a
Homance" (1t'J89).
JOHNSON, Oliver, emancipator, b.
Peach am, Yt., 27 Dec., 1809. Began life as
a printer: then edited the "Christian Sol-
<Her." IH:31-3. \\
as one of the founders of
the Xew England anti-slRYery society in
1832, and wrote and lectured as its agent.
From l
fj.) to 1870 was managing editor of
the X. Y. .. Intlependent," and afterward of
the .. \Veekly Tribune" until 1872, when he
hecame editor of the' 'Christian C" nion." Au-
thor of .. William LIon] Garrison and his
Times, or Sketche,.,; of the Anti-Slavery
Movement in _ \.merica." 1&'30. Died, Brook-
lvn, X. Y.. 10 Dec., 188{).
. JOHNSON, Robert Underwood, b.
\Yashington, D. C., 12 Jan., 18.'):3. Gradu-
ated at Earlham college, Richmond, Ind.
Resided at Xew York city aftèr 18ia, con-
nected with the editorial department of the
., Century 3fagazine," of which he became
a:;;sociate editor in H3t'J1. A contributor to
the magazines, and as:::ociated with Clar-
ence C.Buel in ('(liting "Battlesand Leaders
of the Ciyil Will'" (ll-':-:!J). As secretary of
the joint committee of the author::;' and pub-
lishers' copyright leagues, :Mr. Johnson has
been an imlefatigaLle adyo('ate of interna-
tional copyrig-ht.
JOHNSON, Rossiter, b. Rochester,
K. Y., 27 Jan., 18..10. Graduated at the Cni-
versitv of Hoche
t('r. \Yns a,.;soc-iate(l with
Rohel:t ('m.tel" ill editing the Ho(;hester,
"N". Y.. "Dcmoerat" (Hepublican pnrer),
18û-!-l::I, and wa
assistant editor of the
"Ameri('an C'yclopa'ilin." Hr;;J-7. Edited
a numhcr of important compilations, and.
wrote I. Phaeton Roger;;. a noyel of Boy
Life" (1881), "Idlel'lmd Poet," poems (1883),
and .. A Short HistOlT of the Secession"
(18RR), and other hbtorical worl{s.
JOHNSON, Samuel, clergyman, b. Sa-
lem, Mass., 10 Oct., lR22. Graduated at
Harvard. Became a Unitarian preacher of
the free religious type. Attained promi-
nence as an anti-slavery lecturer, Several
of his hymns are in general use, Compiled
with Samuel Longfellow" Hymns for Pub-
lic and Private Devotion" (1846), revised as
" Hymns of the Spirit" (1864). Published
also "India" (1872), "China" (1877), and
" Persia" (18t$5), a series of works on Orien-
tal religions. Died, Korth Andover, .Mass"
19 Feb., 1882.
JOHNSON, Virginia Wales, b. Brook-
lyn, KY., 2t$ Dec., 1t!4:9. Liwd in that city
llnd K ew York until 1875, after which she
resided in Europe, chiefly at Florence.
_\.mong her numerous noyels are · , Joseph,
the J e\\y "(1873), "The Calùerwood Secret"
(lR,,)), "The Neptune Vase" (1&31), and
,. The House of the :Musician " (1887).
JOHNSON, William Martin, physician,
b. about 1771. Adopted as a chiltl by Ehen-
ezer Albee, a retired sea-Cft ptain of W ren-
tham, :\Iass. :::;tudied medicine at Easthamp-
ton, L. 1., and practised for a while at
Georgetown, S. C., where he contracted a
fever that wa,;; ultimately fatal. Specimens
of his poetry haye been preserved by John
Howard Payne, in articles contributed to
the" Democratic Heview" (18H8). Died, Ja-
maica, L. I., X. Y., 21 Sept., 1797.
JOHNSTON, Richard Malcolm, educa-
tor, b. Hancock Co., Ga., 8 :Mar., 1
22.
Graduated at )lercer university, Ga. Stud-
ied for the law, but in 1837 a
sumed the
professorship or literature at the university
of Georgia. Resigned this position in 1!:!(j1,
and established a hoarding-school for boys
at ::O;parta, Ga., and afterward near Balti-
more, .i\ld. A volume of character studies
with the title .. Dukesborough Tales" ap-
peared in 1883, collected from the files of the
,. Southern )Iagazine, " and gained for him a
late but substantial reputation which was
sustained by subsequent work in the maga-
zines. There have also been publbhed a
"Biography of .Alexander n.
tephens"
(1::;I;:{). "Old .i\lark Lang
ton "(l
:-:4), " Two
Gray Tourists" (18 H .')), .. }lr. Ab
alom Bil-
lingslea and other Georgia Folk ,. (18t-(7),
and" Ogeechee Cross-Firings " (I
H{)).
JOHNSTON, William Preston, educa-
tor, b. Louisville, KL. :) Jan., 1ti:n. Gradu-
ated at Yale. Serv'ed in the Confedcrute
army during the civil war, and rose to the
gra(le of colonel. )..fterward was a profu;sor
at Washingtoll and Lee university until
It'80. when he aecepted the presidency of
thc Loubi:'\na state universit\-. In 1
t'4
bel":lJne the first president of 'Ì'ulane uni-
538
JONES-KANE.
versity, New Orleans. He published, 18i8,
" The Life of General Albert Sidney J ohn-
ston," who was his father.
JONES, Amanda Theodosia, b. Bloom-
field, Ontario Co., N. Y., 10 Oct" ltí3.3. En-
gaged ip teaehing for some years, and from
18.34 to 1t;j3 was connected editorillllv with
various journals.
fore recently malle her
home at Chicago, Ill., where she was occu-
pied as an im"clltor. Author of " l
lah, amI
Other Poems" (18(j0), "Atlantis, and Other
Poems" (It\lj(j), and".\. Prairie Idyl, and
Other Poems" (1882),
JqNES, Charles Colcock, Jr., lawyer.
b. Savannah, Ga., 28 Oct., 1831. Graduated
at Pl'inceton. Practised law in Savannah
until the outbreak of the civil war, when he
entered the Confederate army, rising to the
grade of colonel. Subsequently followed his
profession in Xew York city and Augusta,
Ga. A voluminous writer on historical sub-
jects relating to the South. Some of his
books are .. Historical Sketch of 'romo-Chi-
Chi, ::\lico of the Yamacraws" (1808), .. The
Siege of Savannah in 1770" (1874), and
" The History of Georgia" (1883).
JONES, Hugh, clergyman, b. Englflml,
1069 (Appleton), Came to America in 1litlli,
and served as a Churc h of Englaml rector in
Virginia and
Iaryland until his death. Was
at one time chaplain to the Virginia as!'em-
bly and professor of mathematics in Wil-
liam and :l\fary college. Published "The
Present State of Yirginia" (1724) and seve-
ral text-books. Died, Cecil Co., ::\ld., 8 Sept.,
17liO.
JONES, John Paul, naval commander,
b. Kirkbean, Scotland, 6 July, 1747. He
was the son of .Tohn Paul. a farmer, and as-
sumed the name of Jones in 1773. \Vas ap-
pointe(l a fir:;t lie:ltenant in the Ameriean
navy. Dec., 177ð, and soon after distin-
guished himself by capturing sixteen Eng-
lish prizes in a period of six weeks. He was
the victor in several desperate encounters
with Briti:;h ships of the line, of which the
most noted was that with the Serapis in the
Bon Homme Richard, 23 Sept., 1779. For
this he received the thanks of congre::.s.
Served against the Turks in the Uussi:m
navy 1787-8. Died, Paris, France, 18 July,
17t12.
JONES, Thomas, jurist, h. Fort Xeck,
Queens Co., N. y" 30 'April, 1731. Graf1u-
ated at Yale, Admitted to the har of Xew
York, 175.5. In 1773 succeeded his father as
;udg-eof the
. Y. supreme court. Was im-
prisoned as a loyalist f:everal times during
the Revolution, and removed to England
permanently in 1781. I1is manuscript ';'His-
tory of Kew York during- the Reyolution"
was published hy the N, Y. Hist. Soc. in
18ì9. Died, Hoddesllon, llertfordshire,
England, 25 Julv. 1792.
jOSSELYN,'John,colonist, b. England.
Came to Boston in Xew EnglalHl, July,
1(j3K Yisited his brotht'r at Scarborough,
[e., and returned to England late in 1(j39.
AgHin sailed for Boston. Hili:3, and remained
with his brother eight years, when he re-
turned and brought out .. Xe\\' England's
Uarities Discovered" (lG'ì2) and ".An Ac-
count of Two Voyages to K ew Englanù "
(1674). Of his subsequent life nothing is
known.
JUDD, Sylvester, clergyman, b. 'Yest-
hampton, ::\Inss., 23 July, 1813. Graduateù
at Yale. Of markedly religious tt'mpera-
ment, he felt impelled to give up the more
rigid tenets of the Puritanism in which he
hall been reared. Entered the ùivinity school
of Harvard and took his degree, 1840. accept-
ing the pastorate of the Cnitarian churehat
Augu:sta, ::\le. In hi:; last year at Harvard is-
sued" A Young l\fan's Account of his Con-
version from Calvinism." His first literary
production was a work of fiction, ..
farga-
ret, a Tale of the Real and ItJeal, including
Sketches of a Place not before described,
called l\lons Christi. ., This he C'ommenced
in 1843 and brought out in 1843 (revi:;ed ed.
18.31). It was an attempt" to fill up a gap
long left open in Cnitarian literature-that
of imaginative writings." The book i,; main-
ly valuaLle for its faithful portrayal of life
and character in Xew England under tho
strict orthodoxy of that period, and for its
exquisite descriptions of nature. In 1830
was issued .. Philo. an E,-angeliad," a poetic
"attempt" at a Gnitarian epic, to parallel
the Calvinistic "Course of 'rime," by Pul-
lok, then in the height of it
popularity,
In the same year appeared his spconù novel,
" Richard Edney and the Governor's Fam-
ily, a Rus-Urban Tale," 'Vasa frequent and
favorite platform-speaker, advocating the
aholition of slavery, temperance, and other
reforms. A volume of discourses entitled
.. The Church ., was published the year fol-
lowing his death. Died, Augusta, Me., 26
Jan., 1853.
JUDSON, Emily [Chubbuck], "Fanny
Forester," b. Eaton.
. Y.. 22 Aug., 1H17.
W'rote for the X. Y. "::\1irl'Or." 1844-6.
Some of her stories were published with
the title" Alderbrook" in 184(j. Becllme the
third wife of .Atloniram Judson, 1846, and
went with him to Bengal, remaining until
his death in 18;)0. Returnell to X ew York
city, anù issueù "An Olio of Domestic
Verses" (1852) and "Kathm"an Slave"
(18:>:3). Dieù. Hamilton, N. Y., i June, 18:ï4.
KANE, Elisha Kent, explorer. b. Phila-
delphia. Penn., 20 Feb., 1820. Studied at
the university of Virginia. Graduated head
of his cla!'s in medicine at the university of
Pennsvh"ania. 1842. Entered the ('". S,
navy, "1843. and !'erved as surgeon of the
Admnce in the fir:,t Grinnell Arf'tic expedi-
tion to ::oearch for Franklin, 1850. At re--
KEARNY-KEY.
539
quest of Lady Franklin assumed command
of the second expedition, 1
,j3. 8uffering
severely, awl being forced to abandon his
ship, It!5.J. Received the medal of the Royal
geographical society, 1856, anù the g-old
me(Lal of the French société de géogra}Jhie,
1ti.:ït!. hsued "The United States Grinnell
EX}Jedition "(1854) and" .Arctic Explora-
tions; the Second Grinnell Expedition"
(lti,jü). Died, Havana, Cuba, 16 Feb., 11357.
Kearny,Philip[ ....Vofed Saying: Yo!. YII.,
page 193], b.
ew York, :X. Y., 2 June,
1815. Served in the )lexican war, and also
as brigaùicr-generalin the "Gnion army dur-
ing the civil war. Killed, near Chantilly,
Va., 1 Sept., 1862.
KEENAN, Henry Francis, b. Roches-
ter, N. Y., 4 May, 1849, Served in the enion
army during the civil war. Joined the staff
of the Rochester" Chronicle," 1Hö8, and fol-
lowed journalbm in that city and Kew York
untillt!I);J. Sume of his novels are" Trajan"
(1884), "The .\liens" (18I3ü), and" One of a
Thousand" (1887),
:KEMBLE, Frances Ann, adress, b.
London, England, 27
ov., le09. Firstap-
pea red in CO\-ent Garden, 1
29, as Juliet.
Came to .America, 11382, playing with great
success until 1834, when she was married to
Pierce nutler, from whom she was sepa-
rated in 184ü, Gave Shakespearian reaù-
ings, 1849-68. \Vrote" Francis the First,"
a ùrama (produced 113:32), "Poems" (1844
and 18;Jfl), ., Records of a Girlhood " (1879),
"Recorùs of Later Life" (lt1I)
), an(l "X otes
on Some of Shakespeare's Plays" (1
82).
:KENNAN, George, travellcr, h. Nor-
walk, Huron Co., 0.,16 Feb., 184;;. Visited
Kamtchatl
a in 1H6.J, and was engage!! for
three years in e
ploring and la
ing out
routes for the proposeù Russo-American
telegraph line. In 18ìO and 18ì1 trawlled
extensin>ly in Russia. DHghestan, and Che-
china. His most important journey was that
made in 18t'5-fj through SilJ(
ria with the
purposl' of observing the Hussian exil{' s)"s-
tern, which he ùid very thoroughly. lIis ex-
periences were de:,criùe(l ill a !'eries of arti-
cles in the "Century l\[agazine," 1F:I-'fI-flO.
lIe also wrote" Tent Life in Siberia. " (18,0).
KENNEDY, John Pendleton, la\\yer
and politician, b. Baltimore, ::\ld., 25 Oct.,
1,U5, Graduateù at Baltimore college.
Serveù as a volunteer at the battles of nla-
densùurg and Korth Point in the war of
1812. Was admitted to the hal', and prac-
ti:,ed law at Baltimore until 1
:38, mean-
while filling two terms in the l\faryland leg-
islature. U. S. representative from the 8ame
tate, with the excpption of one term, from
18:n to 11-'-1:). Ill' hecame a leaùer in the
\Vhig- party in congress, and wrote and
spoke against slavery anù in behalf of pro-
tection. \Vas secretary of the ns vy under
Presiùeut Fillmore, 18.32-3, anù furthered
the expedition of Commodore Perry to Ja-
pan and Dr. Kane's second expedition in
search of Sir John Franklin. Subsequently
'visited Europe thrice, the last time us l
. S.
commissioner to the Paris exposition of
18m. .Author of " A Defence of the Whigs"
(1844), .. The Hed Book," a fortnightly peri-
odical of a satirical character (1818-19),
"Swallow Barn" (1832), .. Horse-Shoe Rob-
inson" (1835), "Rob of the Bowl" (11338),
and "l\Iemoirs of the Life of William
\Virt" (1849). Died, :Newport, R. 1., 18
Aug., 1870.
:KENT, James, jurist, b. Putnam Co.,
X, y" 31 July, 1,63. Graduated at Yale.
Studied law, and was admitted to t he bar at
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1783, where he prac-
tiseù for several years. A member of the
8tate legislature in 1,90, 1 ìUt, and 1796.
\Yas professor of law at Col urn bia college,
1;93-8, having meanwhile remoYed to Xew
York city. .Appointeù by G0Yernor .Jay a
justice of the supreme court in 17U8, he
changed his l'esidpnce to Albany, where he
liveù until 1823. In 1814 he was madechan.
ceUor of "X ew York, being retired at the age
of sixty by the terms of the existing state
law. lIe again became profes
or of law at
Columbia in 1824, and his lectures at that
college are the foundation of "Commenta-
ries on American I
aw" (182û-3Q, re,'ise!l
ed. 1t!32). His decisions as justice and ehan-
celIoI' are to be found in the reports of the
,'arious courts. Died, K ew York, X. Y., 12
Dec., 1847.
:KENYON, James Benjamin, clergy-
man, b. Frankfort, Herkimer Co.,
. Y.,
2ö .April, l1-<.ì
. Graduate(l at the .A!lams,
X. "., collegiate institute. Entered the
Methodist Episcopal ministry. 18;
, and
hecame pastor of a church at \Yatertov. n,
N. y, .Author of "The Fallen, anù Other
Poems" (1876), and" In Realms of Gold,"
poems (1887).
KETCHUM, Annie [Chambers], edu.
cator, h. Scott Co.. Kv., 8 Nov., 1824. She
was principal of ad va'nced schools in ::\lem-
phi8. Tenn., and Georgetown, Ky.. before
her marriage and after her husband's death.
l\1ore recently she became an instructor
in elocution. Author of a volume of poems,
.. Lotos-Flowers" (1877), besIdes several
prose volumes.
KEY, Francis Scott, ]a.wyer, b. Freder-
ick Co., l\ld., 1 Aug., 1779. Graduated at
St. John's college, Annapolis. Studied law
"ith his uncle, Philip Barton Key, and he-
gan practice at Frederick, :\Id., in 1
U1.
.\fterward removed to 'Washington, where
hp was made district attorney of the District
of Columbia. .Just previous io the hombard-
ment of Fort l\IcHenry, near Baltimore, by
the British fleet in 1814. he had visited the
latter in a flag-of-truce vessel, and was de-
tained until after the engagement, which he
540
KIMBALL-KIP.
witnessed. His experiences resulted in the
composition of his song. "The
tar-Span-
,ded Banner," on the following morning. It
'\"as at once printed, and was sung, to the
air "Anacreon in Heaven," throughout
the country. An edition of his" Poems"
was i:,:sned' posthumously in 1857. Died,
Washington, D. c., 11 Jan., IS..!;].
KIMBALL, Harriet McEwen, b.
Portsmouth, X. II.. 2 Xov., 1834. Daughter
úf Dr. Dadd Kimball. Received hereduca-
tion mainly at home. Always resided in
Portsmouth, where she was chiefly instru-
mental in establi
hing that city's cottage
hospital. Her books are "Hymns" (18(jj),
"::;wallow-Flierhts of Son er " (18ì4) "The
Blessed Com p
ny of all l<"'aithful People"
(1879), and" Poems," complete (181)9).
KIMBALL, Richard Burleigh, lawyer,
b. Plainfield, .N. R., 11 Oct., 181G. Gmdu-
ated at Dartmouth. Entered the bar, and,
after a sojourn in Paris, practised first in
\Vaterford, X. Y., and afterward in New
York city. Went to Texas, foundpd the
town of Kimball, and built the railroad from
Gal vest on to Houston, of which he was presi-
dent, 185-1-60. Contributed variously to
magazines, and is the author of "Letters
from England" (18-12), "St, Leger, or the
Threads of Life" (1850), "Romance of Stu-
dent Life Abroad" (1832), "e ndercurrents
of Wall Street" (18(31), " 'Vas He Success-
ful ?"(1t!63), and "To-Day in New York,"
(1870).
KING, Charles, soldier, b. Albany,
N. Y., 12 Oct., 18-14. Great-grandson of
Rufus King. Graduated at West Point.
Sen'ed in the U. S, army from 1866 to 1S79,
when he was retired from active service, in
consequence of a wound received in the
Apache campai!;n of 187-1. Was promoted
captain.1879. and the following year became
professor of military science in the univer-
sitv of \Vi:,:consin. Some of his novels are
"The Colonel's Daughter" (1882), ")larion's
Faith "(1886), "Dunraven Runch" (1887),
and "Between the Lines" (181)9).
KING, Clarence, geologist, b. Newport,
R. I., 6 Jan., 18-1.3. Graduated at the Yale
Sheffield scÏentificschool. Was a member of
the California geological survey, 186
-6,
making valuable discoveries in palæontol-
ogy. Headed the government survey of the
fortieth parallel for the Union and Central
Pacific railroad:;:, 18G7-.3, his report.s being
published. 1870-8. One of these volumes,
.. Systematic Geology" (1878), is wholly by
Ir. King. From 1878 to H3
1, as directorof
the U. ::;, geolo!;ical survey, organized that
bureau from the various branches then in
existence, retiring by previous agreement
when his work was completeù. A writerfor
the magazines, and author of" l\Iountaineer-
ing in the Sir.rra X evada" (1871).
KING, Edward, b, )Iiddlefield, l\1ass.,
31 July, 1848, Began contributing verse and
prose to the periodicals at an early age. Re-
ided at Paris, .France, after 1868, engaged
as foreign corre:,:pondent of American pa-
pers. Among his books are " 1\1 y Pari
, or
.French Character Sketches" (18m3), "Echoes
from the Orient," poems (1880), "The Gen-
tle Savage," novel (18t53), and" A Venetian
Lover," poem (It;t;ì).
RING,Grace Elizabeth, b. New Orleans,
La., 18-. Daugh ter of "'illiam W. King, a
leading lawyer of that city for thirty years.
l\Iiss King was educated at home anù in the
French schools of "Kew Orleans. Always a
resident there or on her father's plantatìon.
lIeI' sketches of Creole life, contributed to
the ,. X ew Princeton Review," 1886-8,
gaineù her reputation and form the no"el
":\lonsieur ::\lutte" (18
8). Other works
are "Bonne :\Iaman
' (1886) and "Earth-
lings" (1889).
KING, Thomas Starr, clergyman, b.
XewYork, N. Y., 17 Dec., 1824. \Vas pas-
tor of Universalist and Unitarian churches
in Boston, :Mass., and San Francisco, Ca!.
Gained a wide reputation as a lecturer, and
was largely instrumental in preserving Cal-
ifornia to the Union in the presidential cam-
paign of 1860, when it was proposed to cre-
ate a Pacific republic. Published" The
'White Hill!', their Legends, Landscape, and
Poetry" (1839), a volume descriptive of the
\Vhite mountains, which he spent much
time in exploring. Posthumous collections
of review-articles and sermons were "Pa-
triotism, and Other Papers" (18ü5), " Chris-
tianity and Humanity" (187'ì), and" Sub-
stance and Show, anù Other Lectures,"
(1877). Died, San Francisco, Cal., 4 l\Iar.,
186-1.
KINNEY, Coates, b. Penn Yan, N. Y.
24 :Kov., 1826. Was bred to the law, and
occupied himself at times with journalism
and politics. \Vas elected a member of the
Ohio state senate in lA82. His poems have
been collected as "Ke-u-ka, and Other
Poems" (1855) and "Lyrics of the Ideal
and Real" (1887).
KINNEY, Elizabeth Clementine,
[Dodgel,b. NewYork,K Y., 18 Dec., 1I-31U.
Grand-Ifaughter of .Aaron ('leveland. Was
married. It!30, to Edmund Burke Stedman,
of Hartford. Conn. After his ùeath in It53ö,
resided at Plainfield,
. J., and became a
contributor of verse to the leading maga-
zines of the dav. \Vas married, 1t;41, to
'William B. Kinñey, founder of the X ewark,
N. J., "Advertiser." On the latter's appoint-
ment tothe court of Turin. 1851, sheuccom-
panierl him to Europe, remaining abroad un-
til 181;.). Author of "Felicita. a :\Ietrical
Romance" (1853). ,. Poems" (18t.i7). and
" Bianca Capello. a Tragedy" (1873). Died,
Summit, X. J., 19 Sov., 1889.
RIP, Leonard, lawyer, b. New York,
KIP-LADD.
I
541
X. Y., 13 Sept., 1826. Graduated at Trinity
college, Hartford. Subsequently practiseù
his profession at Albany, X. Y., where he
afterward resided. A. brother of Bishop 'V.
I. Kip. His books are "California Sketch-
es" (1830), "Y olcano Diggings" (1851),
"-<Enonr. a Roman Tale" (1t:6G), "The
Dead :\Iarqui:,e "(1873), "Hannibal's
Ian,
anù Other Christmas Stories" (1878), "L n-
del' the Bells" (1879), and "N estlenook"
(1880).
KIP, William Ingraham, divine, b. New
York, X. Y., 3 Oct., 1811. Of Huguenot de-
scent. GraduatedatYale. Gave up the study
of law for divinity, graduating at the K. Y.
general theological seminary, 11)33. Soon
entered the Protestant Episcopal church as
assistant minister of Grace church, Kew
York city. Rector of S1. Paul"s, A.lbany,
from 18;38 until his appointment as mis-
sionary bishop of California in 1833, where
he won success as a worker and writer. lIe
became bishop in 11)37. His principal books
are "The Double "
itness of the Church"
(1844), "The Christmas Holidays in Rome"
(184.3), "The Catacombs of Rome" (1854),
"The "Gnnoticed Things of Scripture"
(18G
), and" The Church of the Apostle8 "
(1877).
KIRK, Ellen Warner [Olney], "Henry
Hayes." b. Southington, Conn., G Xm'.,
1842. \Yife of John Foster Kirk, and ùaugh-
ter ofthe geographer Jesse Olney. The lat-
ter's death in 11)72 led her to develop an
early inclination for writing. IIer first
novel, "Love in Idleness," appeared in 1876.
Others are "A l\!Ü.1summer )Iadness"
(1884), "The Story of l\Iargaret Kent"
(181)(j), and" Sons and Daughters" (1887).
RffiK, John Foster, b. Fredericton, N.
B.,22 Mar., 1824. Removed to the United
States in 1842. Was secretary to 'Villiam
H. Prescott for eleven years before the his-
torian's death. A frequent contributor to
periodicaJs, ana editor of "Lippincott's
::\Iagazine" from 11)iO to 18R6. Edited a re-
vised edition of Prescott's writings with
corrections and additions left b,o the author
in manuscript. amI himself i:,suèd an impor-
tant work. the" Historv of('harles the Holù,
Duke of Burgundy" (i8(i;:
-8). In 188û wus
appointed lecturer on European history at
the university of Pennsvlvania.
KIRKLAND, Caroline Matilda [Stans-
bury], b. New York, N, Y., 12 .Jan., 11)01.
\Vas married to Prof. William Kirkland of
Hamilton college and with him removed to
:\Iichigan about 1830. Durinl:(a re
idence of
three years in a sparsely settled region, she
publi"hed lively descriptions of frontier life.
The first of these was "A Xew Home: Who'll
Follow?" (1839). .. Forest Life" (1842) and
"'Yestern Clearings" (1/:;4(j) succeeded. She
wa:,: stricken with paralysis while actively
engab'ed in promoting the great sanitary fair
held in
ew York city during the choil war.
Died, "New York, X. y" 6 April, 1864.
KIRKLAND, Joseph, lawyer. b. Gene-
va, .N. Y., 7 Jan., 1
30. The son of Prof.
William Kirkland and Caroline Matilda
Stan:,:lmry Kirkland. His early life was
passed in the backwoods of central ::\Iich-
igan, where he received a common-school
education and occasional instruction at
home. lIe came with his parents to Xew
York, 1842, and remained with them in that
city until1/:;,j6, In the latter year he re-
moved to Chicago and subsequently to the
prairies of central Illinois. At the opening
of the civil war he joineù the 12th Illinois
volunteers as a private, and was afterward
promoteù through the successive grades to
he major. Subsequently resiùed in central
Illinois and more recently in Chicago, where
he followed his profession and at the same
time occupied himself with literary work.
The studies for his three novels of 'Vestern
life were made during long residence on the
prairies. The titles of these volumes are
" Zury" (1887), "The Mc Veys" (1880), and
"The Captain of Company K" (1889). In
1889
Iajor Kirkland accepted the position
of regular literary reviewer of the Chicago
"Tribune. "
KNAPP, Gilbert Peter, b. Xew York,
N. Y., 3 Kov.,11)55. Chiefly a resident ofthat
city, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. A
contributor to the magazines. .
KNIGHT, Sarah [Kemble], b. Boston,
:JIass., 1D April, 1Ut.iG. Daughter of Thomas
Kemble, a merchant of that city. Her hus-
hand was Richarù Knight, also of Boston,
Became a resident of Korwich, Conn., about
1713, at which time she was a widow, anù car-
ried on extensive real estate transactions in
that place. Is remembered for her account of
her horseback journey from Boston to Xew
York in 1,04, first puLlishpd in ., The Jour-
nals of )[adam Knight. etc., from the Orig-
inal :i\Ianuscripts "(1821)). Died, ::Kew Lon-
don. ('onn., 23 Sept., 1.27.
KNOX, Thomas Wallace, traveller. b.
Pembroke, N. n., 26 June, 1R:35. :;erved as
volunteer aid in the ü. S. army during the
civil war. amI afterwar(I followe(1 jüurnàlism
in X ew York city. l\Iade tours of the world
in 186(j and 1877 as correspondent for news-
papers. 'Vas a member of the internation-
al jury at the Paris exposition of lfìi8.
Among his works are .. Camp-Fires and Cot-
ton-Field," war-letters (H
(j3), "Overland
through Asia" (1/:;70). anll " The Boy Trav-
ellers j' series (1870-00),
LADD, Joseph Brown, r hysician, b.
ewport, R. I., 1'iü4. Studie( medicine in
his native town, and in 1.84 removed to
Charleston, S. C.. where he entered on the
successful practice of his profcs:;ion. He
was soon after fatally wounded in a duel
ari:;ing from a newspaper controvcrsy, Pnb-
.
542
LAMAR-LATHROP.
lishecl "Poems of Arouet" (1786), Died,
Charleston, S. C., 2 Nov., 1786.
LAMAR, Mirabeau Bonaparte, b, Lou-
isville, Ga., 16 Aug., 1798. Engaged in
business in early life. Removed to Texas,
1835, and served in the Tpxan war for inde-
pendence and later "in the Mexican war.
\Vas president of THas, 1838-41. Author of
" Verse l\lemorials" (1857). Died, Rich-
mond, Tex., 19 Dec., 1859.
LAMB, Martha Joanna Reade [Nash],
b. Plainfield. )1ass., 13 Aug., 182ft Re-
ceived a private education.
he re:<Ïlled in
Chicago for several rears, and in 18(jG re-
mo\'ed to Xew York city, Gained reputa-
tion as a historical writer, and is the author
of numerous articles in reviews and maga-
zines dealing with kindred subjects. In
18ìì-81 she published the" History of the
City of New York," her most important
work. Other books are "The Homes of
America" (18,9), "\Yall Street in History"
(188:3), and .. Hi::-;torical Sketch of K ew York
for the Tenth Census" (1888). In 1883 3Irs.
Lamb assumed the editorshi p of .
The Mag-
azine of American History."
Lamont, Daniel Scott [J\Toled Saying:
Yo!. XI., page 4.')8], b, Cortlandville, Cort-
land Co., X. y" 9 .Feb., 1831. Private secre-
tary to President Cleveland, 188.')-9.
LANIER, Clifford, b. Griffin, Ga., 24
April, 1844. Brother of
idney Lanif'r.
Sen'ed through the last three years of the
ci,'il war in the Confederate army. Yari-
ously oceupied at )1ontgomery, .Ala., where
he was at (jne time superintendent of city
schools. .Author of "Thorn-Fruit, " novel
(lRG,), and of poems contribute!l to the peri-
odicals.
LANIER, Sidney, b. :Macon, Ga., 3
Feb., 1842. Son of Robert So Laniel', a
member of the .Macon bar. Graduated at
Oglethorpe college, )1idway, Ga., HmO. A.t
the outbreak of the civil war enlisted in the
2d Georgia hattalion, Confe(lerate yolun-
teers. Served in Virginia with the army,
and finally was captured near the close of
the war, while attempting to run the block-
aae with a Ye
sel, and was a prisoner at
Point Lookout for five months. About this
time contracted the affection of the lung;;
which followed him through life, amI of
which he died. After the war filled a clerk-
ship and taught school in Alabama towns.
Studied and practised law at .Macon with
his father from nmti to 1872, and in 1873 re-
moved to Baltimore, Md. whpre he fifter-
ward chiefly re:,ided, with the exception of
repeated trips in sparch of health. Obtained
an engagement as first flute for the Peabody
symphony concerts in that city, having
been It fine musician from early years, and
devote(l himself to the study of literature
anò music. He had already written a novel,
"Tiger-Lilies" (V:;U,), descriptive of his ex-
periences in the war. His poem" Corn," in
.. Lippincott'sl\1agazine" for 11:;74. attracted
attention, and led to his appointment to
write the words of the cantata for the open-
ing of the Centennial exhibition of 11;,6.
Other poems and prose articles followed,
and in 113,9 he was made lecturer on
English literature at Johns IIopkins uni-
yeD'ity, advancing- there the theories a::; to
the relation between music and poetry con-
tained in .. The Science of English Verse"
(1::;130). Dis second and last course of uni-
ycrsitv lectures waS delivered in the winter
of 1t
t:;0-1. His remaining books are,
.. Florida: its Scenery, Climate, amI His-
tory" (18ìG). .. Poems" (1t;7Î), .. The Boy's
Froissart " (18,k), .. The Boy's King .Arthu!'''
(I H t:\O), .. 'The Boy's Mabinogiun" (113131),
.. The Boy's PeÌ'cy" (1t:;t;2). :nul "The
En.g-lish X OYeI and the Principles of its De-
yclopment" (1:)t;3). "Poeus hy Sidney
Lanier, Edited by his \"ife, with a l\Iemorial
hy "ïlliam Hayes \Vard " appeared inl::;::;4.
Died, Lynn, X. C., 7 Sept., 1::;131.
LANIGAN, George Thomas, journal-
ist, b. St. Charles, P. Q., Cana<1a, 10 Dec.,
184;). Early became a writer for the press,
and, fifter holding editorial positions in
::\1untI'PHI fiI1l1 Chicago, SerYea on the staff
of the X. Y. .. World," 187 4-::;3. G
ined
.reputation R:5 R humorist, and issued" Cana-
dian Ballads" (HiÜ4) ana .. FaMes, lJr G.
W a
hington ....Esop" (V
78). Died, Phila-
delphia, Penn., 5 }'eb., 1HHIi.
LARCOM, Lucy, b. Beverly, )1ass.,
182G. \V orked, as no young girl, in the mills
of I.Jowell, ::\1ass., amI subsequently studied
at ::\1onticello female seminary, in Illinois.
During her residence at Lowell, contributed
to John G. Whittier's paper in that ,Place.
\Yas editor of "Our Young Folks' from
It;(jG to 1874. Aftprward resided in her
nati,'e town.
\uthor of" Ships in the :Mist,
and Other Storiei''' (1839), .. An Iayl of
\Y ork, a Story in Yerse" (11:;73), .. Wild
Ro:,:es of Cape Ann, and Other Poems"
(1880), and" Poetical Works" (1883).
LARNED, Augusta, b. Rutland, Jeffer-
son Co., X. y" 1G April, 18:33. Studied at
thc Spingler institute in X ew York city.
Entf'red journalism in that city, corre-
sponding for newspapers find contributing
verse, fiction, and shetches to the ma.
azines.
Some of her books are .. Home Btories"
(18,2-3), .. Talks with Girls" (1873), and
.. Village Photographs" (1t;137).
LATHROP, George Parsons, b. Oahu,
Hawaiian Islands, 23 Aug., 18,)1. Studied
in X ew York citv and at Dresden. Grrmanv,
from 1 :)67 to it;Îo. Soon after took lip
literature as a profession. \Vas assistant
editor of the" Atlantic )1onthly," 187;J-7.
Edited the Boston, 31ass., "Courier" until
1879, when he purchased Hawthorne's for-
mer hOllie, .. The \Vayside," at Concon1,
LATHROP-LEA.
543
1\Iass., remaining there for four years, en-
gaged in literary work. Afterward re-
!'ided in X ew York city and X ew London,
Conn. His dramatic ãdaptation, in ulank
verse, of Tennyson's .. Elaine" was rro-
(Iuced at the former citv in 1877. Author
of "Rof;e and Hooftree,;' poems (1875), "
\.
Study of Hawthorne" (187(j), "
\.fterglow,"
novel (1876), "..An Echo of l.)assion" (1t:!t!2),
" In the Distance " (1882), " Spanish Vistas"
(ISt<:J), "History of the enion League in
Philadelphia" (1883), "Xewport" (1884),
., True" (18f L l), " Dehil1!l Time" (1888), and
" Would You KilllIim?" (1889).
LATHROP, Rose [Hawthorne], h.
Lenox, :\fass., 20 .May, It!.}1. Daughter of
Xathanicl Hawthorne. Liyel1 as a child in
Europe, where she afterward studiel1 art.
"\Yas marriel1, 1871, to George Parsons
Lathrop. \Y rote many short stories for the
magazines, ùesil1es a volume of poems en-
titled" Along the Shore " (1888).
LAURENS, Henry, statesman, b.
Charleston, S. C" 1724. At the outbreak of
the Revolution he had retirel1 from a suc-
cessful business life. Served in the South
Carolina provincial congress, and was pres-
ident of the Continental congress from
Koy., li7., to Dec., 1..8. Was appointed
minister to Holland, I..!), hut was captured
on his way thithpr and imprisoned in the
Tower of London for more than a year. Sub-
sequently signed with Jay and Franklin the
preliminaries of the treaty of peace with
Great Britain. Died, Charleston, S. C., 8
Dec., 1792.
Lawrence, James [J.Yoted Saying: Vol.
XI., page 44:8], b. Burlington, N. J., 1
Oct., 1.81. Captain in the F. S. navyùuring
the war of 1812. Fatally wounded in action.
1 June, 11313. Dietl at sea, 6 June, 181::3.
LAWSON, Deodat, clergyman. The
dates and places of his birth and death are
not known, though it is probahle that he
was horn and died in England. He was the
son of Thomas Lawson. minister of Denton.
in the county of Xorfolk. First heard of at
l\Iartha's Yineyard in 1671, and took the
freeman's oath at Boston ill Hi80. He was
called to the ministry at Salem village late
in 168;3, Lut the Salem church being divitled
by di
putes, his ordination could not be
agreed on, and be returned to Boston. \Yas
minbter of the Second church at Scituate
Ly lü!J8. amI remained there until 1(jD6.
when he !'uilcil for England, Leing formnlly
dismissed in 1 (j!J
. \Y as im ited to Salem in
1(jD2 to fif;sist at the witchcraft procecding:-;,
and preached a sermon advocating the
trials, on lecture-day. 24 Mar., 1692. This
sermon, which undouhtedly influenced the
pO l JUlar mind agninst the accu",ed, was pub-
lis lCÙ the following year with the title
"Christ's Fillelity the only Shield against
Satan':; )falignity:' It was rel'ublbhed at
London in 1704, with an appendix describ-
ing the witchcraft trials, which latter had
already appc>ared in a briefer form in 1693.
LAWSON, John, b. ::;cotland. Sailed to
America from Cowei'o, England, arriving at
Charleston, S. C, After exten:-;ive travels
among the Indians of :Korth amI South
Carolina, he became surveyor-general of the
former colony, in 1700, serving twplve
years. Issued at I.Jondon "A New Voyage
to Carolina" (1700), afterward republished
as ., The Bbtory of Carolina" (1714), an
account of his experiences in the colonies,
Killed by Indians on the .Keuse river, .N. C.,
1712.
LA WTON, William Cranston, b. New
Bedford, :\Iass" 22
Iay, 1
:;3. Graduated
at Han-ard. \Vas classical master at the
Xew Heùfonl high school for several real
.
He:-;ided mainly in Europe during 18RO-:-J,
engaged in foreign travel anll i'-tu(ly. After-
ward taught classics at Boston, Mass. An
exten:-.Ì\"e writer on classical subject.s for
the "Atlantic :i\fonthly" and other pel"Ï-
odicals. "Three Dramas of Euripides,"
translations witlI an essay and notes, ap-
peared in 18SD.
LAZARUS, Emma, b. X ew Y ork.
.
Y., 22.July, 184!J. Of Jewish parentage.
lleceived her educat ion at home under pri-
vate instruction. Yerses written between
the ages of fourteen and
eH'nteen I1ppeared
as " Poems and Translations " (It:!(i.). "
\(l-
met us, and Other Poems" (11:;.1) fir:-;t at-
tracted puùlic attention, and was followed
uy "Alide," a romance (It:!.4). t'he there-
after contributed frequently to .. Lippin-
cott's" and the" Century" magazines. In
1881 her' translation of .. Poems and Ballads
of Heinc" was issued, and the next ypar
" Songs of a Semite." The persecutions of
her race in Russia during 18t;1-2 aroused
hersympathie:-;, aIlll
he accomplished much
in alleviating the
ufferings of refugees from
that country to America. lIeI' writings
after this period were chiefly concerned wit h
.Tewish
uhj('ct
.
\. colleetiw edition of her
.. Poems, )íarrative, Dramatic, amI Lyric"
was hrought out posthumously in 1888-
Dieù, :Kew York, N. Y., IV Kov., I
H7.
LEA, Henry Charles, puhli:-:her, b. Phil-
adelphia, Penn., 19 Sept., 1825. Entered
his father's publishing-house in PhilalIel-
phia at the age of eighteen, and in 18H.} be-
came proprietor of the business. :3fade tL
life-long i'otudy of mediævnl European his-
tory, \\-as active in furthering the system
oC bounties by which the city of Philadel-
phia raised its quota of troop:-; during- the
civil war, at which time he abo wrote nu-
llluons political pamphlets. In addition to
magazine and review articll's, publi:-;heù
"::;upcrstition and Force: Essays on the
\Yager of Law, the \Vnger of Battle. the
Ordeal, anù Torture" (1t)ü6), '. Saecnlotal
514
LEAR.1YED-LELAND.
Celibacy in the Christian Church" (186.),
"Studies in Church History" (186D), and
" A History of the Inquisition of the :\!iddle
Ages" (18t;8).
LEARNED, Walter, b. Xew London,
Conn., 22 June, 1
4.. Heeeived his educa-
tion in that cit\-, where he became assistant
treasurer of thè savings bank of Xew Lon-
don, A contributor to the magazines, and
author of .. Between Times," poems (1
t39).
LEDYARD, John, travellcr, b. Groton,
Conn., 1731. Studied, Imt did not graduate,
at Dartmouth. Pursued a course of prepa-
ration for the ministry, and, being rejected
as a canùiùate for ordination, adopted a sea-
faring life. Sailed with Captain Cook on
his thirù voyage. Subsequently tmvelled
extensively in northern Europe and Russia.
Published "Journal of Capt. Cook's Last
Y oyage" (1783). Died, Cairo, Egypt, 17
Jan" 1789.
Lee, Arthur [Noted Saying: Yo!. XI.,
page 447], h. Stratforù, Va., 20 Dec,,1740.
Hrotherof Richm.a Henry Lee. 'Vas C. S.
commissioner to Francf', and a member of
the Continental congress. Died, rrbana,
Ya., 12 Dec., 1792.
LEE, Henry, soldier, b. \Vestmoreland
Co., Ya., 29 Jan., 17.3{;. Graduated at the
college of Xew Jersey. 'Vas appointed cap-
tain of one of the six companies of cavalry
raised by Yirginia in 177ü. Promoted to he
major t.wo years later, he was given an inde-
pendent command which he soon raised to a
high point of military eil1ciency. It became
known as "Lee's Legion," and he himself
was named" Light-horse Harry," in recog-
nition of his daring exploits. In 1780, hav-
ing become lieutenant-colonel, he joined
General Greene's army in South Carolina.
\Va<; a member of the Continental congress
in 178ß. and of the Virginia constitutional
convention of 1788. Was afterward sent to
the South Carolina legislature, and was
governor, 1792-5. Elected a U. S. repre-
sentative in 1 ì99, he was called upon by
congress to deliver his oration on the death
of Washington. Author of ":\1emoirs of
the 'War in the Southern Departmcnt of the
United States" (1812), Died, Cumberland
Island, Ga., 2.3 :\lar., 1818.
LEE, Richard Henry, statesman, b.
Stratford, Ya., 20 Jan., 1.3
. After com-
pleting a course of law studies, serveù in the
Yirg-inia house of burgesses from 17m to
1 ì
. He was a delegate to the first .Conti-
nental cOlIgress in 1774, and in the congress
of 1775 drafted the aùdress to the people
of Great Britain adopted by that body. On
7 June, 1776, he made the original motion
in congress that the colonies were" free and
independent states," and was a signer of the
Declaration of Independence. U. S. senator
from Virginia, 1789-92. Died, Chantilly,
Va., 19 June, 1794.
LEGARÉ, Hugh Swinton, lawyer, b.
Charleston, S. C., 2 Jan., I.!).. Graduated
at the university of
outh Carolina. Prac-
tised law at Charleston. A member of the
South Carolina legislature for several years,
and U. S. representative for one term. "-as
chargé d'affaires at Brussels, 183
-6, and
attorney-generalùf the L"nitedStates, 1841-
3. His .. Writings" (1
46) were collected
posthumously. Died, Boston, )1as5" 20
June, 1843.
LEGARÉ, James Mathews, inventor,
b. Charlestun, S.C., 26 Xov., 1
23. Patented
several inventions which failing health pre-
vented him frmil fully developing, Pub-
lished .
Orta-"G ndiR, and Other Poems"
(1847), and contriLuted from time to time
poems and prose articles to several IIwga-
zines. Died, Aiken. S. C., 30 ::\lar., 18.39.
LEGGETT, William, journalist, b,
New York, N. 1,,1802. Studied at George-
town college, D. C., and served in the e. S.
na vy, 1822-6. .A mem bel' of the staff of the
N.1. "Evening Post," 1829-36, 'Vas ap-
pointed diplomatic agent to Guatemala,
but died before sailing. AutJwr of .. Leis-
ure IIoursat Sea" (1823). .. Tales of a Coun-
try Schoolmaster" (1835), " X aval Stories"
(1834), and "Political Writings" (issued
p.9sthumously, 1840). Died, X ew Rochelle,
N. Y., 29 :\1ay, 1839,
· LEIGHTON, William, b. Cambridge,
::\1as:,;" 22 June, 1833. Graduated at Har-
vard. Entered the business of manufactur-
ing glass, and after 1t;()8 resided at Wheel-
ing, 'V. Va. .A.mong his books are" The
Sons of Godwin," a tragedy (187G), ..
\t the
Court of King Edwin: a Drama" (1878),
" Shakespeare's Dream, and Other Poems"
(1881), and "The Subjection of Hamlet"
(18132).
LELAND, Charles Godfrey, "Bans
Breitmann," b, Phihuleiphia. Penn., 15
.Aug., 1824. GracluatC'd at Princeton, and
completed his education at European uni-
Yersities. Early became a contributor to the
magazines, antI ellited periodicals in Xew
York city and PhilatlelphÜ1. .Becamc a stu-
dent of the life and language of the gypsies,
in this country as well as in Englanù, where
he li,-ed for long periods. To him belongs
the credit for the intrOlluction of cla:-..ses in
the industrial arts in the puLJlic schools of
Philadelphia, and he is the inventor of the
method pursued in these classes. Devoted
many years to the extension of this system.
His most important book on the subject is
"Practical Education" (I
S8). a work on
the art of learning, to be followed by
"IIome Arts and Industries: a Series of
Manuals for Dchools or Self Instruction."
Among his earlif'r wl'itings ")1eister Karl's
Sketch-Rook" (1
.j6) and .. lIans Breit-
maun's Ballads" (1871), the latter a series
of stuùies in German-American dialect,
LESLIE-LINN.
545
gained him popularity. Other works are
"The .i\luf-ic Lesson of ('onfuciu
, and Other
Poems" (1872), "The Gyp
ies" (1882),
" The Algonkin Legends of X ew .England"
(1
84), and a .. Dictionary of Jargons."
LESLIE, Eliza, b. Philadelphia, Penn.,
13 Xov., 1781. A sbler of the artist, Charles
Hobert Leslie. Resided chiefly in Philadel-
phia. lIer fir::>t volume was a cookery book,
and she was en<:ouragell by its success to
write fiction. Besiùes a number of books for
children, she wrote "Pencil Sketches"
(183
-7), chiefly stories contributed to the
magazines, and " The Deha vior Book"
(183:J). Died, Glouce
ter, X. J., 2 Jan., 1838.
LESTER, Charles Edwards, h. Grb-
wold, Conn., 1.3 July, IS13. .A descendant
of Jonathan Edwards. \Y m, U. S. consul at
Genoa, 18-10-6. Subsequently resided chief-
ly in New York city, occupied with liter-
ary pursuits. Author of "The Glory amI
the Shame of England" (1841), "Life and
Public Services of Charles Sumner" (1874),
"Our First Hundred Years" (1874), and
"IIistoryofthe "GnitedStates"(18t!3). Died,
Detroit, Mich., 2!) Jan., 1890.
LEWIS, Charles Bertrand, " 1\1. Quad,"
journalist, b. Li\-erpool, 0" 1.3 Feb., 1842.
Educated at the .i\Iichigan agricultural col-
lege. Served for two years in the L. S. army
during the cidl war. Became a member of
the Detroit, )[jch., "Free Press" staff in
18(j!), and gained reputation as a writer of
humorous and pathetic sketches. Much oC
his work was published as the proceedings
of "Brother Gardner's Lime-Kiln C'lub "
(188:]-8).
LEWIS, Charlton Thomas, lawyer, b.
\Yest Chester, Penu., 2.) Feb., 18M. Grall-
uatedat Yale. Entered the :\Iethodist Epi:-:-
copal ministry, and was pastor of several
churches, subsequently fiHing positions as
profpssor at Bloomington, Ill., and Troy uni-
versities, Practised law in X ew York city
after 18G4. Author of "
\. History of the
German People" (18,O), and prepared al-
most all of "Harper's Latin Dictionary"
(18
0).
LEWIS, Tayler, scholar, b. Xorthum-
berland, X. Y., 1ti02. Graduated at l..'"nion
college. Became professor of Greek in the
uni veréty of K ew York, 1tiaS, and froml
4!)
until his death was profe:,sor of Grpck, l,iùli-
cal, and Oriental literature at Lnion. Some
of his numerous works are" The Six Days
of Creation" (l8.,).,)), "The Bible and Sëi-
ence "(1t!.,)6), and" rIeroic Periods in a Na-
tion's History" (186ü). Died, Schenectady,
X Y.. 11 :\[av, 1
77,
LIEBER, 'Francis, publicist, b. Berlin,
Germany, 1
l\f ar., 1800, Joined the Prus:-iall
army in U;15 and fought at ""aterloo. Was
im prisoned for Liberalism in Berlin and for-
bidden the Pru!'!'ian universities. Gradu-
atell at Jena. Took refuge in England, U,25,
VOL. XI -35
coming to America in It'2i, where he settled
down to literary work and lecturing. "" as
engaged, 1
i32, to form a plan of education
by the trustees of Girard college, and in 1
:35
was appointed profe:<sor of history and polit-
ical economy at the uni\'ersity of South Car-
olina, retaining the pusition until 1856, lIe
then accepted the Same chair at Columbia
college, adding, in 18GO, the profes:,:orship
of political science in its law school. In 18ü3
he started th
Loyal publication society,
which issued papers upholding the Union
cause. lIe was intrusted, 186.'), with the !'uper-
intemlence of the collection and arranging
of the Confederate government records,
\Yas appointed, 1870, final arbitrntor of the
disputes between the Gnited States and
:i\Iexico. Among his many publications are
a " .Manual of Politieal EthIcs" (1838), "Es-
says On l>roperty and Lahor" (1842), "The
"-est, and Other Poems " (1t'48), and" CÏ\-il
Liberty awl Self-Go\-ernment" (1853, re-
-vised ed. 1874). Died, XewYork, N. Y., 2
Oct., It',2.
LINCOLN, Abraham, sixteenth presi-
dent of the "Lnited States, b. Hardin, now
Larue Co., Ky., 12 Feb., It;09. Descemletl
from Samuel Lincoln of Korwich, El)gland,
who settled in
Ias::,achu
etts. His family
removed to Indiana in ISlü, and to Illino{s
in 1830, Received a backwoods education,
supplemented by untiring self
culture, \Vas
captain of a company in the Indian war of
18:32 for a few weeks. After hard experience
in farming and kindred occupations, took
up the study of law. \Vas postmaster at Xew
Salem, Ill., 1833-ü. Elf'cted to the state
legishLture, 1834-42. Settled in thf' practice
of law at Springfiela, :md was elected C S,
representative, 184ü. Became a prominent
Whig leader, and, later, head of the Re-
publican party in Illinois. The famous de-
bate with Senator Douglas in 1ti.
K gave
him a wicler reputation as a leader of origi-
nality, talents, and force, which was broad-
ened into national fame by his melllorable
address at Cooper institute, New York city,
Feb., ltiöO, Thrt'e months later he was
nominated for the presidency at the Chi-
cago convention, and was elected in Xo-
nmber. The war opened in April, 1861,
The final proclamation of frce,lolIl wa
is-
sHed, 1 Jan., 18(j3. Ill' was reëlected for a
second term in 1864, and on 9 April, 18G.},
Lee surrendered at Appomuttox. On 14
April Lincoln was assas
inated. A collection
of hi
writings, speeches, and letters is to
be edited bvJohn G.
icolaY and John I1a\',
whose "Àhraham Lincoln: a History"
appeared in the" Century :\Iagazine" for
18
7-!). Died, Washington, D. C., 15 April,
18G;}.
LINN, John Blair, clergyman, b. Ship-
pensburg. Penn., 14 Mar., 1777. Graduatea
at Columbia college. Studied law unùer
546
LIPPhYCOTT-LOÐGK
Alexander Hamilton, but subsequently en-
tered the Presbyterian ministry. While a
student, had produced an unsuccessful play
in New York. \Vas assistant pastor of a
church in Philadelphia from 17f)f) until his
death. Author of poems entitled "The
Death of Washington" (1800) and "The
Power of Genius" (1801), Died, Philadel-
phia, Penn., 30 Aug., 1804.
LIPPINCOTT, Sarah Jane [Clarke],
"Grace Greenwood." b. Pompey, N, Y.,
23 Sept., IS;?:3. Chiefly a resident of Phila-
delphia and Kew York dty, though she
spent much time in Europe. \Vell-known as
a writer for children and a lecturer. Some
of her books are "Greenwood Le.tves"
(18:)0). "Poetical 'V orks" (18.31), "Haps
and :Mishaps of a Tour in Europe" (1854),
and "Xew Life in :New Lands" (18.8).
LITCHFIELD, Grace Denio, b. X ew
York, X, Y., 19 Xov.. 1849. Daughter of
Edwin C. Litchfield, Rcsided for a number
()f years in Europe, returning to America
and settling permanently at \Vashington,
D. C., in 1::;88, .Among' her novels are" The
Knight of the Black Forest" (1885) and" A
lianl- \V on Victory" (1I:;S8).
LIVINGSTON, Robert R" !'tate
man,
b. Kew lork, N, y" 21 Noy., 17-16. Ade-
scendant of the first owner of LiYingston
manor. Graduated at Kings, now ColuÌnbia,
-collegp. 'Yas admitted to the :New York bar
in 17,3. .Appointed recorder of Xew York
-city the same year, but soon lost this posi-
tion through his republicanism, Was a
member of the Continental congress, 17.:}.-
7 and 1.79-81, and was appointed on the
committee to druft the Dedaratioll of In-
dependence, though unable to be present
when it was signed. \Vas chancellor of K ew
York state from 17;7 to 1801, and admin-
istered the presidential oath to Washington.
:i\Iinister to France, 1801-3, obtaining the
Louisiana cession from Xapoleon in 1803.
Died, Clermont, N. Y., 26 Pcb., 1813.
LIVINGSTON, William, statesman, b,
Albam'.:S. Y., 30
ov., 1723. Grandson of
Uouert, the fir"t owner of Livingston manor.
Grafluated at Yale, Studied law with Wil-
liamSmith, father of the chi(.f-justice of the
:,:ame name, and prepared in conjunction
with the son the first" Digest of the Colony
Laws" (1 ;.32-62). Purchased ]and at Eliza-
bethtown, X, J., and built the house called
.. Liberty Hall," remoying his residence
there in 1 'j.2. Was a dele
"fite to the first
Continental con
ress in 1774; was assigned
to the command of the Xew Jersev militia
the following year, and was elected gOY-
-ernor of New Jersev continuouslv from 1776
until hi" death. lÌe furnished valuable aid
to the American cause during' the whole of
the Revolution. Ha<llH"eviously written ex-
tensively for periollicals and published sey-
eral pamphlets on the popular side. In 1787
he was a delegate to the Constitutional con-
vention. Died, Elizabethtown, N. J., 25
July, 1790.
LLOYD, David Demarest, journali
t,
b, New York, N. Y., 1 Sept., 1851. Gntllu-
ated at the college of K ew York. Soon after
became a reporter for the N. Y. "Tribune."
Resigned .n 1871 to become pri mte secretary
to Chief-Justice Chase, returning. on the lat-
ter's death, to the" Tribune," where he was
promoted to the editorial staff. As corre-
spondent at Albany in 1875, was active in ex-
posing the canal ring. Besides contribut-
ing to the magazines, was the author of four
successful plays, "For Congress" (pro-
duced 18$3), "The'W oman lIater" (1t:>85),
"The Dominie's Da.ughter" (1887), and
" The Senator" (188D). Died, 'Veehawken,
K J., 4 Sept., 188D.
LOCKE, David Ross, "Petroleum V.
Kashr," journalist, b. Vestal, Broome Co.,
K. Y.,
O Sept., 1833. Learned the traae
of a printer in the office of the Cortland
" Democrat." \Vas a journeyman printer
and afterwan1 reporter on several \Y e
tern
papers, ana in 1
32 became editor of the
Plymouth, 0., "Advertiser." Issued the
first of the political satires known as the
"Nasbv "letters in the Findlay" J efferson-
ian." of which he was then editor, 21 April,
18U1. These letters were highly valued by
President Lincoln, Chief-Justice Chase, and
other administration leaders as factors in
preserving Cnion sentiment at the
orth.
)11', Locke assumed editorial charge of the
Toledo, 0.. " Blade" in 1863, finally becom-
ing proprietor. The fil"8t volume of "X ashy"
letters was brought out as "Divers Views,
Opinions, and Prophecies of Yours Trooly,
Petroleum V, K asby" (J 8fi:)). This amI seve-
ral succeeding volumes were collel'Ìed as
"The Struggles-Social, Financial, and
Political-of Petroleum Y. Xasby" (1872).
A]so wrote "The l\Ioral ITistoryof Amer-
ica's Life-Struggle" (1872) and "_\ Paper
City," novel (1t!78). Died, Toledo, 0., 15
Feb., 1888.
LOCKE, Richard Adams, journnli!'t. b.
KewYork, N. Y.. 1
00. At different times
editor of the X. Y. "Sun" and" The Xew
Em." Chiefly remembered as the perpetm-
tor of the "moon hoax," whieh appeared in
the" Sun," 1835, with the title ,. Great A <;-
tronomical Discoyeries Lately l\Iade by Sir
John Herschel, LL.D., F.RS., etc." It
was reprinted as a pamphlet, 183D. Died,
Staten Island, N. Y., 16 :Feb., 1871.
LODGE, Henry Cabot, legislator, b.
Boston, l\1ass., 12 ::\lav, 1830. Graduatetl at
Harvard, where he lèctured on .American
history, 187G-9, and was made overseel' in
1884. Was editor of the "X orth American
Review," 1873-6.
\. member of the ::\Ia5-
sachusetts legis]ature in It5t50-1, and was
elected U, S. representative from the same
LONG-LONGSIREET.
547
state, 1886. Author of "Life and Letters
of George Cahot" (Iti7'ì), ., Short History
of English Colonies in
\meri('a ,. (1881),
., Studies in Histol"\'" <11:;8-1), and several
volumes of the "l\merican statesmen se-
ries, " among which is "George \V a
hington"
(188D). Also edited an edition of Alexander
Hamilton's works, 1885, with intrOlluction
and notes.
LONG, John Davis, legislator, b. Buck-
field, ::\Ie., 27 Oct., 18;38. Graduated at Ilar-
yard. Studied law and established a prac-
tice at Boston, ::\lass., 1t'U2. Speaker of the
::\Ias
achusetts house. 1tì';ô-8, and governor
(If the state, 1880-2. \\Tas elected L.S. repre-
sentatÎ\'e in 1
8j and fill' succeeding terms.
Issued a translation of Yirgirs "
Eneid"
(18i9), and wrote fugi tive verse.
LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth,
b. Portland, )[c., 27 :Feb., 180ì. Ron of
Stephen Longfellow, at one time L. S. }'ep-
reselltative from )[aine, whose ancestors
had emigrated from Yorkshire, England,
about 1675. Henry \Vadsworth passed his
youth at Portland amI was there fitted for
èollege, entering the sophomore class at
Buwdoin in 1822, allllnumùering Xathaniel
llawthorne, George D. Cheever, and J. S. ('.
Abbott among his classmates. \Yhile at col-
lege he contributed a number of poems to
the Boston "l7nited States Literarv Ga-
zette" and other periodicals. Graduating in
lti2.3. he sailed for Europe the following year
to prepare himself by study in foreign coun-
tries for appointmf'nt to the chair of mod-
ern languages at Bowdoin. He resided in
France, Spain, Italy, and Germany until
182D, when he returned and entered upon the
duties uf his professorship. lIe soun began
writing for the" X orth AmericallUeview "
and "
ew Engluml )Iagazine," publishing
in the latter a portion of the papPI's after-
ward collect ell as" Outre )IeI'; a Pilgrimage
beyond the SelL" (V.,g.;). lie Was married in
18:31 to a young ludy of Portland. Receiv-
ing the offer of the professorship of modern
languages at Ilan"ard, he resigned his posi-
tion at Bowdoin, nnd in 18:3.3 again visite<l
Europe for a course of preliminary study.
The illness and death of his wife late in that
)"ear interfered somewhat with his plans,
but he remained at Heidelberg through the
winter, vbiting Switzerland in the summer.
JIe filled the professor"hip at lIanaI'd from
11'\:36 to his retirement in 1
3-1. The hegin-
ning of this period was markecl hy a return
to poetical composition. Some of his best-
known poems were written at this time, and
his first volume of verse, ., Voices of the
Kight" (183D), was an immediate success.
It had been preceded by "IIypcrion; a Ro-
mance" (1839), in which some of his eXJ1f'-
riences during his h!st trip to Em"ope are
shadowed forth. The Chal"1lctl'l' uf the her-
oine is thought to re:>emble that uf :Miss
Frances Appleton, whom he met at that
time, and who became his wife in 1843. He
purchased the old" Craigie house" at Cam-
bridge soon after his marriage, and it be-
came his permanent home. Volumes of
poetry followed in quick succession, and his
fame broadened l"afillly. They were"Ballads
and Other Poems' (11:;41)," Poems on
la-
,"ery" (1842), "The Spanish Student" (1843),
"The Belfry of Bruges, and Other Poems"
(1846), "E,'angeline, a Tale of Acadie"
(1847), "The Seaside and the Fireside"
(1830), "The Golden Legenll " (18:>1), "The
Song of IIiawathlL" (1!;35), and .. 'I'h(> Court-
ship of l\liles Standi:-oh" (1858). His transla-
tion of Dante's" Divine Comedy" was taken
up as a relief from the melancholy induced
by the death of his wife by fire in 18Gl. It
appeared in 1867, His remaining books of
verse were "Tales of a \Yayside Inn" (1!;63),
":Flower de Luce" (11:;6;), "The Divine
Tragedy," including the title piece, ,. The
Golden Legend," and ,. The New England
Tragedies" (1871), "Three Books of ::;ong"
(lt5';2), "Aftermath" (1874), "The l\lasque
of Pandura" (1t{70), "Keramos" (1878),
" Ultima Thule " (18S0), and" In the Har-
bor " (lH
2), A yoyage to England in 18G8
was the occasion of his receiving the degrees
of LL.D, from Cambridge and D.C.L.
from Oxford. A marble bust of the poet was
placed in the Poets' {'orner of \Yestminster
Abbey, Mar., 188-1. .. I..ife of Henry Wads-
worth Longfellow" and "Final Memorials,"
chiefly compilcd from hi
letters und diaries
by his brother, Samuel Longfellow, ap-
peared in 1886-7. Died, Cambridge, ':\lass,.
24 ::\[ar., 1882.
LONGFELLOW, Samuel, clergyman,
b. Portland, Me., 18 June, 18H1. Brother of
JI. \Y. Longfellow. Graduated at Harvard.
Pastor of l" nitarian churches at Brooklyn,
X. Y., and Germantown, Penn., until 1882,
when he settled at Cambridge, )[ass. Au-
thor of several popular hymns, and joint
compiler of ,. Hymns of the Spirit" (1864)
and ,. Thalatta, a Book for the Seaside"
(1
;):3). Publi:;hed "Life of Henry W acls-
worth I..ongfellow" (188U) and .. Final Me-
murials of II. W. I...," l
H'ì.
LONGSTREET, Augustus Baldwin,
lawyer and educator, b. Augusta, Ga., 22
Sept., liDO. Graduated at Yale. Admitted
to the bar in Georgia, 1815. Was made judge
of the superior court of Ocmulgee circuit,
1822, and declining a l"eëlcction continued
his law practice. In 1838 entered the ::\Icth-
odist Episcopal ministry, and the following
year l'ecame president of Emory college,
Ga. Ten years later he was made president
of the university uf
Ii:-;sissippi. \Vas a fre-
quent contributor to the new:"l,apers and
magazines, amI founded the ., .Augusta
Sentinel." Some of his sketches were gath-
ered in a volume us ., Georgia Scenes"
5.18
LORD-LO Jr ELL.
(1840), and gained a permanent reputation.
Vied, Oxford. 31i:,!'.. !) Se:.)t., 1870.
LORD, William WiÍberforce, clergy-
man, b. Madison Co.. N, Y.. 28 Oct.. 1
1f1.
Tutor at Amherst, 184 ì. Accepted orders in
the Prote:,:tant Epi:,;copal chureh, offieiating
for several years at Vicksburg, )li
s. Served
HS chaplain in the Confederate army. )1ore
r('eentl
., rector of a church in Coopers-
town, X. Y. Author of "Poems" (1843),
"Christ in Hades" (18.;1), and "Anùré,
a Tragedy " (1
3ü).
LORING, Frederick Wadsworth,
journalist, b. Boston, Mass., 12 Dec., 1848.
Graduated at IIarmrd, 1
70, and the follow-
ing yenr was variou:,ly employe!l in writing
for periodiclIls. Accompanied the U. ð.
exploring I'xpedition of 1871 to
\.rizona,
as corre:,:pondent of "
\ppletons' Jour-
Wil." Be:;t known by his poem" In the Old
Churchyard at Fredericksburg." Killeù by
Indians. near \Vickenlmrg, Arizona, 5 XO\".,
1871.
LOSSING, Benson John, artist-author,
b, Beekman, Dutchess Co.,
. Y., 12 Feb.,
11:;13. Owned and editeù the "Poughkeepsie
Telegraph," and in 11:;:38 illustrated with
wood-cuts and edited the" Family ::\Iaga-
zine:' One of the pioneer wood-ellgm\"ers
of the country. Scttlel! permanently at
X ew York city in 1839. .Among the great
number of hi:,: publications, mostly illus-
trate!l bv himself, are "Pictorinl Field-
book of 'the H.e\'olution" (1H.10-2). "The
IIUlI:,:on, from the 'Vildernc:,.s to the Sea .,
(1
GG). .. Pietorial Field-book of the Cidl
War" (18UG-H), .. Life lUlll Times of Peter
Schuyler" (18.0), "C)-dopa-din of L' nited
States History" (1881), ., Mary and )1artha
'W ashington" (188ü), and "The Empire
State, a Compendious History of the Com-
lllonwealth of Kew York" (18t!'ì).
LOUGHEAD, Flora [Haines], b. Mil-
waukee. 'Vis" 12 July, 1855. Daughter of
John P. Haines. Graduated at Lincoln
uni\'ersity, Ill. '\T as married, It;t;G, to John
Loughead, Had previously been oecupied
as an independent journalist in Denver,
Col., and in San Francisco, which latter
city became her permanent home. ße
ides
Illany stories contributed to the periodicals,
wrote" The Libraries of Cnlifornia ., (lH7S),
"The )1an who was Guilh'," novel (1
ú),
and "
uick Cooking" (18
8).
LOUNSBURY, -Thomas Raynesford,
educator, b. Ovid, N. Y., 1 Jan" 1831;.
Graduated at Yale. Shortly after gradu-
ating in 1859, became a writer, chiefly in
the department of biography, for A ppletons'
"American Cyclopædia,'" and continued in
that employment until hewascollimissioned,
Aug., 18U2, first lieutenant in the 12Gth
regiment X. Y. S. volunteers. 'Vas maùe
prisoner at Harper's Ferry in September,
and exchanged in
ovember, remaining in
the field until nfter Gettysburg. when he
was detailed as adjutant-general of the
draft rewlezvous at Elmira, N. Y. 'Yas
mustered out of seniee nt the close of the
civil war, and was for three year:> teacher
and pri\-ate instructor in aJid near Xew
York city, During this period he devoted
much time to the study of Anglo-Saxon aUll
Early Engli:,:h. In It;'ìO was apIJointed in-
structor, and the following year profe:,:sor of
English, at the Yale ðheffield scientific
school. Edited the department of 31iddle
English (Chaucer) in "The Centurv Diction-
ary," :nlll prepared students' elÌitions of
Chaucer's " House of Fame" and "PIU"la-
ment of Foule;;:." Author of "James Feni-
more Cooper, " a biography (1883)a1Hl .. His-
tory of the English IJanguage" (If<ì9),
LOW, Samuel, b, 12 Dec., 1Îú5. This
fact, obtained from a statement in a stanza
contained in his" Poems" (1800), is nIl that
is known of him, The collection was pub-
lit'hed by T. & J. Swords, of Kew York city.
LOWELL, James Russell, h. Cam-
bridge, )Ia
s., 22 Feb., 1819. Yuung-f'st
son of the Rev. Charles Lowell. amI de-
scende,l from English settlers of 1(j:m. En-
tered Harvard at sixteen, gl"lHluatillg in
18;38. His first important literury effort
was a class-poem, satirizing the abolitiunists
nml the Cone-ord transcemlf'I1Ìal !'Ochool.
Admitted to the bar, 1840. I:':
ned his fir:,;t
volume of poems, " A Year's Life." 1841.
.Married, It;44, ::\laria White, whose anti-
slavery convictions influenced his after
carepr, Both wrote in ,. The Liberty Bell "
and ".Anti-ShL\-err Standard." In the:,:e
and the Boston "Courier" mo
t of his
earlier poems nppeared. "The Pioneer, "
18la, a !'erial in which Poe, Hawthorne,
:ElizaLeth Barrett (Browning), and others
were to have written, did not surdve its
third number. In the" Courier" (1846-8)
the "Biglow Papers" appeared, with in.
stant success. Of a slightly earlier date
were" A Legend of Brittany "(1
44). "Con-
versations with
me of the Old Poet:',"
critical e:,;says (1
45), and "The Vision of
Sir LannfHI "(1
43). His satirp, "
\. Fable
for Critics," came out anonymously, 184
. A
collective edition of "Poems" was b
ued
in 1849, and various contributions found a
welcome in the magazines. 'ït'ited Europe
in 1851. Two years later his wife died.
Succeeded Long'fellow in the chair of mod-
ern languages and bdles-Iettres at Harvard,
183.3. From 18.'), to 18(j2 wrote es:,av:,: for
the" Atlantic :\Ionthly," and from 1
fj3 to
1872 acted as joint editor with Prof. ('. E.
Norton of the H North _-\.merican Review."
A second series of the .. Biglow Papers"
came uut in the" Atlantic )Ionthlv" dur-
ing the civil \Vm', and \\""as reissued in hook-
form, 18üG. It was preceùed by the volume
of .. Fireside Travels" (It:;G4). .. C nder
LO TrELL-MACI(ELLAR.
549
the Willows" followed in 1860, and the
essays "Amon
my Books" (1
.0) and
.. :\1 v Stud v Windows" (18.1). During the
Centenniai celebrations he delivered three
(xles-at Concord, 19 April. 1875, at Cam-
bridge, :\Iass., under the \Yashington elm,
3 J ul), 1
7"5, and at Boston, 4 July, 187"6.
\\' as appointed to the f'panish mission by
President Haves, 18.1, al1(1 thence trans-
ferred to Loudon in 1880, resigning in 1885.
Delivered at London a memorable address
on the unveiling of the bust of Coler-
idge in \Y estminster Abbey, and the vol-
ume ., Democracy, and other .Addresses"
{1t;8ì) inélwles this and other notable
peeches in England, where his services
were in gn>at request. Re:mmed his lec-
tures at lIanal'l1 on his return to America.
" lIeartsease and Hue," poems, and "Po-
litical Es
ays" appeared in 1888. Wllsmade
D.C.L. by Oxfonl, 18.3, LL.D. by Cam-
bridge, 1t;.4, and was rector of
t. .An-
t1rcw's university during a portion of his
mi:;:<ion to England.
LOWELL, Maria [White], b. Water-
town, :\1ass" 8 July, 1
21. \Yas married,
1844, to James Hussell Lowell. Beloved for
her graces of person 8nd character. "-rote
much in behalf of the abolition of sla,'ery.
A privately printed volume of her poems
was issued in It\.35, Died, Cambridge, 1\Iass.,
27 Oct., 1t\.33,
LOWELL, Robert Traill Spence,
clergyman, b. Boston,
Iass., 8 Oct., 1816.
Elder brother of James Russell Lowell.
Graduated at Harvard. Gavp up medicine
for divinitv, and became deacon in the
Protestant Episcopal church at Bermuda,
1842, of which colony he was also made an
inspector of J mblic schook Was stationed
at Xewfoun land,1843-6. After occupying
everallivings settled as head master of :-;1.
Iark's school. Southborough,
Iass., 18m),
until appointed professor of Latin in l' nion
college, Schenectady, K. Y. Published in
1858 his best-known work, a clerical novel,
"The Xew Priest in Conception Bay" (new
.ed., 1889). "Fresh Hearts that Faileel
Three Thou
and Years A
o, and Oth('r
Poem:;" appeared in 18fiO. His miscellane-
<Jus writings inclwle " A Story or Two from
a Dutch Town" (18i8).
LUCAS, Eliza, b. about 1721. The
daughter of Lieutenant-colonel Lucas, go,'-
.ernor of Antigua. Hemoved to South Caro-
lina in 1.39, and was married to Charles
PinckIlPY, afterward chief-justice of the
province. The "Journal and Letters of
Eliza Luca.s" \Vas privately printed in 1850.
Died 1 792.
LÜDERS, Charles Henry, h. Philadel-
phia, Pf'nn.. 23 .June. 1
,)8. Studied fit
the uni'-er:<itv of Pennsvlnlllia. A con-
tinuou
resilIent of Phihulelphia after 1
7
.
A writer of verse and JI"O:<e fur the IIHlga-
zines anll joint author with S. D. Smith, Jr.,
of" Hallo,
ly Fancy! "poems (l
::;i).
LUDLOW, Pitz Hugh, h. Xew York,
X. Y., 11 Sept., 1
:36. Graduated at enion
college. Edited theX. Y. "Vanity Fair."
18.38-60, and was at times connected with
the K. Y. "\V orld " and" Enning Po:;1."
Contributed numerous articles, stories, and
poems to the mag
zines, and wrote .. The
IIasheesh Eater" (1857), .. The Opium
Hahit" (18G8), and" The Heart of the Con-
tinent "(18.0). Died, Geneva, Switzerland,
12 Sept., 1870.
LUNT, George, lawyer, b. Kewbury-
port, )[a:<s., 31 Dec., 1803. Graduated at
Harvard, and practised law. \Vas U. S.
di:;trict attorney during' President Taylor's
administration: _\.ssOeiate editor òf the
Boston .. Courier" during thè ci,'il war.
Author of "Poems" (1839), "Three Eras
of Xew England" (1857), "Radicalism in
Religion, Philosophy, and Social Life"
(1838), anll ")liscellanies. Poems, etc."
(1884). Died, Boston, Mass., 17 :\Iav, 18::;5.
LYTLE, William Baines, soldier, b.
Cincinnati, 0" 2 Kov., 1826. Graduated
at Cincinnati college, and studied for the
law. Served as captain in the
Iexican war,
and in the civil war as colonel, and was pro-
moted brigadier-general of "olunteers for
gallant conduct, having been twice woundeel
in action. IIi:; poems were published in the
periodicals, some of them being colledeù
111 Co
geshall's " Poets and Poetry of the
\Vest " (1860). Fell, \V hile leading a' charge,
at the battle of Chickamauga, 'fenn., 20
Sept" 1863.
MABIE, Hamilton Wright, journalist,
b. Cold Spring, K. Y., 13 Dec., 184:). Grad-
uatedat \Villiams. Enteredjournalisll1, and
became associate editor of the N. Y. "Chris-
tian r nion " in 1884. A contributor to the
reviews and mag-azines, and author of
., Norse fit ories, Retold from the Eddas"
(1882) and ..
Iy Study Fire," literary stud-
ies (1 t'HO).
MACDONOUGH, Au
tu8 Rodney,
lawyer, b. )Iiùdletown, ('onn.,20Nov., 1820.
\Vas taken to sea in 18
4 by his father, Com-
modore
lacdonough, L. S. N., then com-
mtlllding the l\Iediterranean squaùron.
Graduated at Yale. Stuùied law and prac-
tised in S1. Louis, :\Io., anù Xe\V York city,
untillR73, when he hectlIne secretary of the
Erie railroad compa.ny. An early memhf'rof
the N. Y. Century club, and its secretary for
thirty years. .A contributor of articles and
critici:;ms to the magazines, and tnlllsiator
of ..
ature and Life." pllpers Ly }>al'illon,
(18,,;), find ..
\u('as:<in anù
icolette" (1880).
MacKELLAR, Thomas, print('r, h,
New York, N. Y.. 12 .Aug" 1812. In 1860
hecame thc head of a large type-foundry at
Phihu1dphia, Penn. Author of .. Hymns
and l\1etrical Psalms" (1
t)3).
5úO
MACO.lt-..1fARSHALL.
MACON, John Alfred, journalist, b.
Demopolis, Ala., 1i) Noy.. 1851. Educated
at the university of Yirginia. Removed to
St. Louis, Mo., 18
2. and became a member
of the"Post-Dispatch"editorial staff. .After-
warll joined the staff of the :x. Y. "'V orld. .,
Contributed verse to the magazines, and
issued "Uncle Gabe Tucker," in dialect
(1881).
MADISON, James, fourth president of
the United States, b. Port Conway, King
George Co., Va., 16 )lar., 1.31. Graduated
at Princeton.
tUl1ied law, and in 17ìü was
a delegate to the state convention which
formed the first Virginia constitution. Af-
ter serdng in the state legblature, he be-
came a member of the Continental congress
in 1780, returning to the legislature four
years later. In both bodies he advocatetl
meaSures looking to the strengt hening of the
Federal goyernment, and in 1787 was chosen
a del{'gate to the Constitutional convention
at Philadelphia. lIe was one of its lead-
ing spirits, amI afterward supportetl the
proposed Constitution by powerful argu-
ments in his contributions to "The Feder-
alist" (1788), awl by active seryice in the
Virginia convention called to ratify thut in-
strunwnt, IIis reports of the debates of the
Philadelphia convention, with selections
from his correspondence, were published by
order of congrcss in 1840. From 1 ì
D until
1797 he was a member of the L.
. house of
representati ves, and wa:': secretary of state
under Jefferson from 1t;01 to It\OfJ. lIe suc-
ceeded the latter as president, and was re-
elected for a second term. The chief eyent
of his administration was the war of 1812.
Died, )[ontpellier, Va., 2
June, 1836.
MANN, Horace, educator, b. Franklin,
:Mass., 4 l\Iay, 1 i96. Graduated at Brown.
Admitted to the bar, 182:.t \Vas a mem bel' of
the :\lassach usetts lcgblature, and was elect-
ed U. S. representati\-e from the same state.
as an anti-slavery candidate. Secretary of
the .:\lassach usetts board of education, 1
:3i-
48, and published a mluable series of school
reports. President of Antioch college
from 1852 until his death. His" Life and
Complete "'- orks " were brought out in ltW9,
Died, Yellow Springs, 0., 2 Aug., 1839.
MANN, Samuel Eleazer, b. Lawrence,
1\1ass., 10 April, 1833, Graduated at the
\V orcester Polytechnic institute. Engaged
for some years in teaching in Connecticut.
Latterly a resident of Apopka, Fla., occu-
pied with study and literary work.
MANSFIELD, Lewis William, b.
Kent, Conn., 16 :\lav, 1R16. A resident of
('ohoes, X. Y. Author of "The :\lorning
"'
atch," poems (18.')0), "U p-C'ountry Let-
ters" (1852), "Country :\largins" (18.');)).
besides numerous fugitive poems in later
,years.
Marcy, William Learned [Noted Say-
ing: Y 01. VII., png-e 191], b. Southbridge,
:31ass., 12 Dc>c., 1 jt;6. L. S. senator frôm
Xew York, 1831-3. Subsequently governor
of that state for three terms. Died, Ballston
Spa, N. Y., 4 July, 1
5j.
MARKHAM, Charles Edwin, b. Ore-
gon, 23 .April, 1832. Graduated at the Cali-
fornia State 110rmalschool, and sub:,:equent-
ly became a member of the faculty of Chris-
tian college at Santa Rosa. .Author of .. In
Earth's Shadow," poems (18DO), and "Songs
of a Dream-Builder" (18ÐO).
MARSH, George Perkins, philologist
and diplomat, b, W oodstoek, Yt., 13 :.\[ar"
1801. Graduated at Dartmouth. 'Vas U. S,
representative from Vermont, 1842-D, when
he was uppointell U. S. minister to Turkev.
Returning ill 1833, he was appointed Ín
1861 to the Italian mission, which position
he held until his df'ath. His principal
works are "Compendious Grammar of the
Old Xortbern or Icelandic Language"
(1t;:J8), "The Origin and Historv of the Eng-
lish Language" (1t\G2), amI" l\lan and :x'a-
ture" (1t\64), the latter afterward revised
and republished in 18ì4 as " The Earth as
l\Iodified by II uman Action." Died, Y allom-
brosa, Ital
', 24 J uly, 188
.
MARSHALL, John, jurist, b. FatHluier
Co., Va.,2-1Scpt" 1.5.'). Receivedhiscarly
education from a local dergyman.
el"\"ed
in the Continental army, becoming captain
in 1779. ".as admitted to the hal', 1,80.
and resigned from the army to practise his
profession, Jan., 1 i81. Elected to the Vir-
ginia house of burge:;ses, 1782, of \V hich bo!ly
he was a member, at inten"al:.', until 1796.
ltemoyed his residcnce to Richmond, 1,83.
Chosen to the Virginia Constitutional con-
wntion of 1788, he advocated the instrument
under con::-ideration and assisted to seCUre
its ratification. \Vas one of the U. S. com-
mi:,sion scnt to negotiate with Prance in
1,97. Elected l'". S. representativc from Vir-
ginia in 179D. he sened the administration
of Adams with powerful effect during' one
session, being nppoillted secretary of state in
)[ay. 1
00. Received the appointment of
chil'fjusticeofthe UnitedStatf's, Jan., 1801,
holding office until his death. A volume of
his historic decisions as chief justice was
published in 18;J9 as "The Writings of John
)larshall on the Federal Constitution. ,. Au-
thor of " The Life of Gf'orge W ashington ,
(180;';, revi:,:ed cd. 1832). Died, Philadelphia,
Penn., 6 July, 1835.
MARSHALL, Thomas Francis, lawyer
amI politician. b. Frankfort, Ky., 7 June,
1801.
\. nephew of John l'larshall, and
justly famed as a wit Rnù orator. After
sen-ing' R
judge of it Louisville circuit court,
he was F. S. representativc, 1
41-3. During
his later vear
he lectured on hi:,;torical and
geologicål subjects, atHl in the CIHlse of telll-
peranee. A volume of his "Speeches aud
JIARTI.J.Y-J.1IATIIER.
551
Writings" was issued in 1858. Died, near
Versailles, Kv., 22 Sept., 1864.
MARTIN
Edward Sanford, b. "Wil-
lowbrook," Owasco Lake, N. y" 2 Jan.,
1856. Graduated at Harmrd. Edited the
. Y. "Life" at its start in 1
:3, amI in
1881 became associate editor of the Roches-
ter.
. Y., ""CnionandAdverliser." Author
of .. A. Little Brother of the Rich, and Other
Poems" (lSHH).
MARTIN, Luther, lawyer, b. Kew
Brunswick, N. J., 9 "Feb., 1.-18 (Appleton),
Graduated at Princeton. AJmittell to the
bar, 1..1. "
as attorney-general of )Iarr-
land from 1,,8 to 180:;.
\ delegate from
that
tate to the Constitutional convention
of 1787, he opposed the Constitution, being
an ad vocate of state-rights. .Acted as coun-
sel for Aaron Burr in the latter.s trial for
treason. Was chief judge of the court of
oyer aud terminer at. Baltimore, 1814--6.
Died, Xew York, X, Y., 10 July, 11-;2(j.
MASON, Caroline Atherton [Briggs],
b. )Iarblehead, )[a55., 27 July, 182;3.
\. res-
ident of Fitchburg. )1ass.
\. volume of
poems 'HlS brought out in 18:)2 with the
title "rtterance, a Collection of Home
Poems." lIer subsequent writings appearell
in periodicals, to which she was a frequent
contributor.
MASON, Major John, colonist, b. Eng-
laml, about 1600. Settled at Dorchester,
)Iass., about 1(j:J0. lIad seen service in the
K ethcrlands and elsewhere, Hemo,-eil to
"Ïnùsor, Conn., in 1 (j:3:) , allli in 163, led
the comhined colonial forces against the
Pequot Indians at )Iystic. Soun <lfter was
fippointed major-general of the Connecticut
colony, and continued in that position for
life. l{emO\-ed to Korwich in 16:;U, where he
wrote ..
\. Brief lIi:;toryofthe Pequot ',"ar,"
at the government's request. fir:,t printed in
Increa:,e )[ather's "Uelation of Troubles b,"
the hulians ., (Hi'ì7). Died, X orwich, Conn:,
about Wi:!.
MATHER, Cotton, clergyman, b. Ros-
ton, )Iass., 12 Feb., 1G6:J. Son of Increase
:i\lather. His mother was fi daughter of
the Rey. John Cotton. Graduated at lIar-
nu'd when only sixteen years old, and WfiS
ordaineù minister of the Xorth church in
Boston, as his father's colleague, lüS;:;, re-
taining the connection through life. lIe
hall, before gra(luation, attained wide repu-
tation as fi student ar1l1 reader, find he ha-
bitually devotel1 the greater part of the day
to his books and writing. The li:,t of his
puhlbhed volumes numhers nearly four
hundred, anll tht'y hrbtle with quotations
from and refprf'nces to his vu
t stores of in-
formation.
Iather was the last of his fam-
ily. ami in fad of Kcw Eng-Iand ministers
gen('mlly, to wield great influence in civil
matters, and hi:; power' W/lo; undoubtedly
weakened hy his l-'articipation in the witch-
craft delusion of 1692. or this movement
he was one of the leading spirits. It began
with the trial and execution of an Irish
washerwoman named Glover, at B040n. in
1688. This affair was de
cribed bv )Iather
in a book with the title" Late )Ièmorable
Providences, relating to \Vitchcraft and
Posse:,:sion. " \Yhen the manifestations at
Salem commenced, he compo
eÜ a letter
urging the magistrates to proeeed with the
trial:" which was signed by him:,:elf t1.ntl
ele,-en other clergymen. Ill' \Va:' pre:'t'H[ at
the execution of TIe,-, George Burroughs
and addres:,ed the crowd on that occa::;ion.
\Vhen the reaction began to set in. he wa
called upon h) the acting gowrnor to jus-
tify the proceeding:,:, lInd wrote 8.[111 pub-
lished in Oct., IG!12, "The v..; onders of the
Indsible World:' TIe llever retracted his
opinions or expre";f'ed any regret for his
course, and as htte as 1724. in his life of
Inerease )1ather, repeated earlier :,tate-
ments, It should be said. in extenuation of
his conduct, that \, itchcraft was commonly
beHeved in at the time, and that hi:; 8.bnor-
mal conceit and credulity were more to
blame than any intentional bigotry. In
mallY other re:'pects, )Iather \Hb a public
benefactor. lIe ath-ocated the introduetion
of inoculation for smallpox, establi:<hed a
school for colored children at his own ex-
pense, wrote anti spoke in behalf of temper-
ance, and labored to rabc the condition of
seafåring men, besitles exercising a careful
superyi:sion over public morals. He corre-
s\)onded with eminent men in England amI
Europe, and was the recil-'ient of honors
from those countries. Is
aid to ha,-e gath-
ered the Inrge:st private librnry in the colo-
nies. IIis most impurtant book was that
entitled" Magnalia Chrbti Amerieana; or,
The Ecclesiastical Ili:story of Xew-Eng-
land" (1 i02). It contains a Ya:st amount of
information concerning the early history of
.Kew England, largely set forth in hiogra-
phies of the leading di ,"ine:- and ci ,-il officers,
hut while indispen:,able to the :student of
those times, its value i:s im paired by )Iather's
frequent inaccuracy flnù verbo:,e ::,tyle. He
became an o'''er:,eer of lIan-art! anù flspired
to be pre:,ident of the college. but \\as ùis-
appointed in this ambitiun. Died, Bo:;ton.
:\Iass., 13 Feb., 172t:\,
MATHER, Increase, elergymlm. b.
Dorchester, )fass., 21 June. Hi:m. Son of
Hicha.rd. Gl"lHluate(i at lIarnU'll and at
Trinity college, Dublin.
\.ft{'r rn"f'llching
in yariou:; part,:. of Engl/lnd aud in the
i
la[}(l of Guern
ey, he returned to America
in 1fifH on account of the Restoratioll. being
unwilling to conform. lIe divided hb time
between the Xorth chureh at no
ton ami
his father':; church at Durche!'ter untill(j(j4,
when he was reglllùrly onillined pastor of
the former', holding the po:<ition until his
552
M A TIlER-.ldA UR Y.
death. He was elected president of IIan-anI
in 1681, but did not accept, Was elected
acting president, 168.3, became president in
1692 and served until 1.01. By his own
statement, he concurred in the opinion of
the twelve clergymen who aùvised Gov,
\Villiam Phips to proceed with the witch-
craft trials in June, lü92, but ha\"Ìng be-
come cOll\"inced of the unreliability of the
so-called" spectre-evillence," he published
a book called" Casps of ConseÏence concern-
ing Witchcmfts and Evil Spirits person-
ating )Ien" (lG93), deprecating convictions
for this alone. Iu this hook, however, he
expresses his approval of his son Cotton's
"Wonders of the Inyisible 'Vorld," lIe
had meanwhile rendered the colony val-
uable serdces in England. Originally a
leader in the opposition to the surrender of
the colony's ('harter, demanded by Governor
Andros in 168ì, he was sent to England the
year after to plead the colony's cause. Ill'
übtained a new and fairly satisfactory char-
ter from \Yillium and :Mary, and returned
with it in 1692. This instrument uniteù the
colonies of :\[assaehusetts and Plymouth
under one jurisdiction, and remained in
force up to the Reyolution. The list of his
published volumes numbers one hunùreù
and thirty-six, some of which are" The Life
and Death of Rev. Richard Mather" (1670),
" Heavens Alarm to the W orId " (1681), and
" An Essay for the Recording of Illustrious
Providenees" (1684), also known as "Re-
markable Providenees." Died, Boston,
1\1ass., 23 Aug., 1 i23.
MATHER, Richard, clergyman, b. Low-
ton, Lancashire. England, 1396. Graduated
at Oxford. Preached at Toxteth, near Li ver-
pool, until 163-1, when he was silenced for
non-conformity, Sailed from Bristol in the
James, arriving at Boston, 17 Aug., 163:5. Be-
came" teacher" of the church at Dorchester,
a position he held for life. )[ather was the
first of the family of Congregational minis-
ters who formed what is known asthe"l\lath-
er dynasty," He was selected to answer the
thirty-two questions in regard to church-
overnment, propounded to the New Eng-
land ministers by the magistrates in 1639,
and was the chief designer of the "Camhridge
Platform, "adopted by the
cw Englandsyn-
üd of 1648. With John Eliot and Thomas
\Velde he made the metrical version of the
Psalms, known as the" Bay Psalm Book"
and used by the churchps of New England
for many veal's. His" Journal" was first
printed Ín ì846. Author of a" Discourse on
the Church Covenant" (1fi3!)), a " Treatise
on.J ustification "(W:)2), etc. Died, Dorches-
ter, :l\Iass., 22 April, 16(;9.
MATHER, Samuel, clergyman, b. Bos-
ton, :Mass., 30 Oct., 17U(j. :::)onofCotton, and
grandson of Increase. The last of the family
to attain prominence. Graduated at lIar-
yard. Four years after his father's death be-
came nssociåte pastor of the former's church
in Boston, and ten years later separated from
it with a portion of the congregation, estab-
lishing a ne\\' church, where he preached un-
til his death. Published" The Life of the
Y ery Ueyerendand Learned Cotton Mather"
(172'9) and several sermons and miscellane-
ous essays. Died, Boston, 1\1ass.. 27 June,
li8.3.
MATHEWS, Albert, "Paul Siegvolk,"
lawyer, b. New York, N. Y., 8 Sept., H
20,
Cousin of Cornclius 1\1athews. Graduated at
Yale. In 1845 was admitted to the har of
X ew York city, where he afterward prac-
tised. Issued" \Valter Ashwood: a I.Jove
:::)tory" (1860) amI "
\ Bundle of Papers"
(1879), besides various contributions to the
periodicals.
MATHEWS, Cornelius, b. Portchester,
K. Y., 28 Oct., 1817, Graduatedattheuni-
yersity of
ew Y Ol'k, and entered the bar.
With Evert A. Huyckinck edited Co Arctu-
rus" (18-10), a monthly magazine, and was
one of the founders of the international
copyright club. \V rote poems, novels, es-
says, critiques, satires, and dramas. Author
of "Behemoth; a Legend of the :Mound-
Builders" (18:39), "The Politicians, a Com-
e6l.y" (1840), "Puffer Hopkins" (1841),
"Poems on Man" (1843), "Indian Fairy
Tales" (18G8), besides "\Vitchcraft, a Tra-
gedy" (1846), and other dramas which
were performed. Died, New York, N. Y.,
24 l\Iar., 1889.
MATTHEWS, Brander, " Arthur
Penn," b. New Orlenns, La., 21 Feb., 1852.
Graduated at Columbia. Studied for the
law, but devoted himself to literature and
the drama. A resiùent of New York city,
though often visiting England. Besides
cditing numerous theatrical works, is the
author of "The Theatres of Paris" (1880),
"French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury" (1881), "The Home Library, by Ar-
thur Penn" (18Sa), "The Last Meeting,"
novel (1885), "A Secret of the Sea, and
Other Stories" (1886), "Pen and Ink;
Papers on Subjects of More or Less Impor-
tance" (1888), and" A Family Tree, and
Other Stories" (1889). Some of his plays
are "Margery's LO\-ers," comedy (pro-
duced at London, 1884), "A Gold Mine,"
comedy (with George n. Jessop, 18 1 .m,
"This Picture and That," come(ly (188.),
and" On Prohation," comedy (with George
II. Jessop, 1889).
MAURY, Matthew Fontaine, scicntist,
h. :::)pottsylvania Co., Va., 14 .Jan., 180lt
Entercò. 'the U. S. navv, and while in ser-
yice issued" Maury's Navigation" (183-1).
In 18:3\} was incapacitated for active duty by
lamcness, and wrote valuable papers sug-
gesting reforms in the navy. Was appointed
in 1842 superinkndent of the U. S. hydro-
...VAXWELL-M'DOWELL.
553
graphical office, with which the L. S. ob-
sernttory was shortly after combined. En-
tered the Confederate navy in 11)61, serving
as its agent in Europe. . 'Vas appointed
minister in the cabinet of }
llJpf'ror l\laxi-
milian, in )Iexico. rltimately became pro-
fessor of physics in the military institute of
Yirginia. His" Phpiical Geography of the
Sea. ", (1835, rcvised cd. 1 S GO), brought him
many honors from the learned societics of
Eurõpe. ".as author of a number of treat-
ises on g-eography, astronomy, anù meteor-
ology. Die(l. Lexington, Va., 1 Pcb., 1873.
MAXWELL, William, lawyer, b. Nor-
folk, Ya.,27Feb., 1784. GraduatedatYale.
Admitted to the har, 1808. 'Yasamember of
the Yirginia l('gi
lature, and was president
of Hampden Sidney college, lttJ8-!4. Edit-
ed the" \Ïrginia Historieal Uegister" for
several wars, nnd i:,sued "Poems" (1816).
Died, llÌchmond, Ya., 9 Jan., 1837.
MAY, Samuel Joseph, clergyman, L.
Boston.l\Ia!':-:., 12 Sept., 171)7. Graduatednt
Harvard. \\?us pastor of a r nitarian church
at Brooklyn, X. Y., for several years. Soon
espoused thc anti-8layery cause, and became.
general agent of the )[assachusetts anti-sla-
very soeiety, 11:\.'33. From 1845 to 1868 was
pastor of a church at Snaeuse, N, Y. Pub-
lished ., Some Hecollec'tions of our Ant i-Sla-
vcry Conflict" (186f1). Died,Syracuse, N. Y.,
1 J uh', 1
il.
MAYER, Brantz, b, naltimore, Md., 27
Sept., 1809. Was appointed secretary of le-
gation at )lexico, 11'{48. Founded the l\Iary-
land hi:40rical SOcil'tv, 184-1. 'Yas made
payma4er in the iT. S: army, 1863. Some of
his works are ")[exico ; Aztec, Spanish,
and Republican" (1831), "Captain Canot ;
or Twentv Years uf an African Slaver"
(1A:)4), and" Ualtimore fts It \Vas and Is"
(1H,I). Died, naltimore, 1\hl., 211\lar., 1879.
MAYHEW, Jonathan, clergyman, b.
:Martha's Vinevanl.l\Iass.,80ct., 1,20. Gra<l-
uated at II ai-van1. Pastor of the West
('hurch in Boston, )[>>ss., from 1747 until his
death, becoming noted for his ad vanced theo-
logical views. An early advocate of civil and
religious frccdom, he sympathized with the
opponents of the 8tamp Act and preached a
vigorous sermon on its n'peal. Collections
of his !'ernwllS were pnbli::,hed in 1749 and
I76ì. Dic(l, Boston, l\1 ass. , 9 Julv, 176G,
MAYO, William Starbuck, 'physician.
}J. Ogdensburg, N. Y., 20 April, 1812. Grad-
uated lit the N. y, college of physicians
and surgf'ons. Trayelletl in Barbary and
Spain, and aCtN' his return resided at New
York city. Author of "Flood and FieM"
(lH44), .: Kaloolah" (184!1), "The nerhf'r,
or the :\[ountailleer of t he .Atlas" (It'\::>O),
and" N"e'''cr .Again," novel (1Hi3).
McCABE, William Gordon. educator,
b. near HichulOIHI. Ya., 4Ang., 1
41. Grad-
uatcd at t hc uni, er
íty of \ïrginia. Served
through the civil war in the Confederate
army, becoming captain of artillery. After-
ward head-master of the university school
at Petersburg, Ya. Besides editing several
classical text-books, is the author of pop-
ular war poems, and of "The Defence of
Petersburg, Campaign of 1864-5" (1876).
McCARTHY, Harry, actor. A Scots-
man bv birth, and said to be author of the
populår Southern war ballad, ., The Bonnie
lJlue Flag," sung by his si:.ter at the New
Orleans Yariety theatre early in the civil
war.
McCLELLAN, George Brinton, sol-
dier, b. Philadelphia, Penn., 3 Dec., 1826.
Graduated at \\ est Point. Served in the
.Mexican war as lieutenant, and was promot-
ed for gallant conduct. Uesigned from the
army in 18.37, and became president of a rail-
road. On the outbreak of the civil War was
appointed major-general of Ohio volunteers,
Successful operations in West Virginia gain-
ed him a promotion liS major-general of the
regular army.and he was placed in command
of the Army of the Potomac shortly after the
first battle of Bull Run. Soon becoming com-
mander-in-chief of the C nion armies, he
brought them to ahigh point of organization,
but his campaigns in the East were unsuc-
cessful in their results, and ended in dissat-
i:,faction on the part of the government. He
was permancntlysuspen(led from command,
7 X ov., 18G2. Was the DeIIlocrutic candidate
for pre8ident in 1864. lIe II fterwanl tl'nvelled
in Europe. PuhIi
hed a .. Heport on the Or-
ganization and Campaigns of the Army of
the Potomac" (1864). ,. .McClellan's Own
Story" (188i) was brought out after his
death. Died, Orang-e, K J., 21) Oct., 1t\85.
McCLELLAND, Mary Greenway, b.
Korwood, Kelson Co., Va., 18-, Rt'ceived
a horne education, and always resided at her
nati ve place. Besides stories and poems in
the magazines, wrote "Oblivion," novel
(lH
5), ., Princess" (188G), "Jean l\Ionh.ith"
(1887), ")Iadame ::;il \"a" (18HtI), and" Bur-
kett's I.Jock" (1889).
McCORD, Louisa Susannah [Cheves],
b. Columbia, S. C., 3 Dpc., 11'110 (Appleton).
\Vas married, 11'{40, to David J.::\1 c( 'ord. and
settled on her hu::,band's plantation on the
Congnree river. "'rote a translation of
nn
tiat\; "Sophisms of the Prot('ctive Pol-
icy" (1841;), "::\Iy Dreams." poems. (1848),
(, C:tins Gracchus," a tragedy (1851), and
contributed articles on public question
to
the "Southern Quarterly Review." Died,
Charleston,
. C., 27 Kov., 18
0.
McDOWELL, Katharine Sherwood
[Bonnerl, "Sherwood Bonner." b. lIolly
prillgs, 1\[is::,;., 2li Feb., IS-HI. Was married,
1870. to Edward )[cDowell. \VlIS for a time
private secretary of Henry W. Longfellow,
returning to her native place in 18i8. Au-
thor of .. I.Jike unto Like" (1881) and "
Il-
554
]f'ELROY-MILLER.
wanee River Tales" (1884). Died, Holly
Springs, 22 July, 1883.
McELROY, William Henry, "Richard
Scud<1er," journalist, b. Albany, X. Y., 13
Sept., 1838. Graduated at Lnion college.
For several years associate editor of the
Albany, N. Y., "Journal." In 11-3
2 join I'll
the editorial staff of the .x. Y. "Tribune."
\V rote, over his own name and his pseudo-
nym, articles and sketches for these jour-
nals find for the" .Atlantic ::\lonth1\"" and
other magazines. Delivered several poems
on occasions, among others that at the bi-
centennial celebratiun of Albany.
McGAFFEY, Ernest, lawyer, b. Lon-
don, 0., 30 Aug., 1861. Removed to Chi-
cago, Ill., 1881, amI became a member of the
Lar of that city. At one time Eastern corre-
spondent for the Chicago "Inter-Ucean."
Contributor of numerous poems and
sketches to the periodicals.
McKAY, James Thomson, b. New York,
X. Yo, 2 Jan., 184:3. Was chiefly educated
at Huntington, L. I., where he" afterward
resided, engaged in writing verse and fiction
for the magazines, Died, Huntington, L. 1.,
K. Y., 1U :\Iar, 18HO.
McMASTER, Guy Humphreys, jurist,
b. C1\-de, N. Y., 31 Jan., 1829. Graduated
at Håmilton college. Practised law in Steu-
belH'ounty,N. Y., until elected county judge
in 1t){j4. In 1884 he was chosen as surrogate
of the same county. His notable war-lyric,
.. Carmen Hellicosum." was contributed to
the" Knickeruocker 'Magazine" in IS4Û.
The same year he published" The History of
Steuben County, N. Y." His subsequentlit-
erary work was limited to occasional poems
and a series of letters from abroad to the
.. Steuben Courier." Died, Bath, X. Y., 13
Sept., 1I-\HÎ.
McMASTER, John Bach, educator, b.
Brooklyn, K. Y., 2û June, 18;)2. Graduated
at the college of Xew York, where he became
instructor in grammar. Having made a
study of ci\-il engin('ering, was appointed
instructor in that study at thccollegeof Kew
Jersey. 1877, In It!t);
he was made professor
of .American history in the university of
Pennsvlmnia. Author of a ,. Historv ofthe
Peoplè of the United States" (1S:-:a':5) amI
" Life of Benjamin Franklin" (1!)t)7); also
a fl'equent contributor to the magazines.
McNamee, Theodore [Soted Sayin.Q:
Vol. XL, page 452], h. Cooperstown, N. Y.,
11 Oct., 1813. From 18:
U to 18:")!) was with
Henrv C. Bowen 1\ member of the N. Y.
firm òf Bowen & l\IcX amee, silk merchants.
ViI-d, XewYork, X. Y., 11 Jan., 1871.
MELLEN, Grenville, lawyer, b. Bidde-
ford, 1\1e., 19 June, 17ÛÛ. Graduated at
Harvard. Practise,1 law at Portland and
Xorth Yarmouth, :\[1'., until 1
28. After-
ward resided in Bo:-;ton awl New York. Pub-
lished .. The l\Iartyr's Triumph, Buriell Val-
ley, and othpr Poems" (183:3). Died, New
York, X. Yo, 5 Sept., 1841.
MELVILLE, Herman, h. Xew York,
K. Y., 1 Aug., 1819. Grandson of a member
ofthe Boston "tea-party." At eighteen went
to sea as a common sailor, l:tnd(,11 at IJi\"er-
pool, saw London, and shipped again for
home, In 1841 joined a whaler for the sperm-
fishery in the Pacific. After eighteen months'
crubing the ship put into the :Jlarque:sas
islands, whereupon ::\Iehille ran away, on
account of the captain's se\"erity, and with
a shipmate lo:-;t his way in a fore:-;t on the
island of X ukuhiva, \fher(' the Typee eanni-
bals li \"ed. \Yas captured by them, his mate
escaping, and kept for four months in yir-
tual but friendly captivity. On the arrival
of lIn Australian ship a fight took place; he
was rescued amI joined the crew. After 1\\0
more years afloat came hom(', and published
" Typee " (1840) in X ew York and London
simultaneously, It proyed a f'ucecs:-;, and
was succeeded by "Umoo" (11-\4.), a contin-
uation of his all ventures, amI a novel,
" Hedburn "(1848). In IS.!!) bsued a philo-
sophical romance, .. :Mardi, and a Y oyage
Thither, " followell Lv ""'hite Jacket, or
the \V orhl in a :;\Ian otWar" (1t),jÜ), .. )[01ly
Dick "(18,")1), " Pierre, or the Ambiguities"
(1 t).j2), ., Israel Potter, his Fifty Years of
Exile" (185.5), "The Piazza Talps"' (18.jt\),
" The Confidence )[an" (1
.j.). .. Battle-
Pieces, and Aspects of the \Yar," poems
(It)()G), anll "Clare1. a Pilgrinwgc in the
Holy Land,"' poem (1Hi(j). )lr. ::\lel\"iIle yoy-
aged l1l'ounll the world in 11'j(jO, and on his
return he1l1 for some time a position in the
custom-house of X ew York, in which city he
afterward led a retired life. .
MEREDITH, William Tuckey, b.
Philadelphia. Penn., 1t\ June. 11-\:3Û. Served
as an officer of the l'. S, navy with Farragut
at the battle of )[obile bay, amI was after-
ward his secretaQ'. Suhsequently became a
Lanker in X ew York city. Author of the
poem, "Farragut." "
MESSINGER, Robert Hinckley, b.
Boston, )las,,;., 1
11. Studiell at the Boston
Latin school. Afterward engagell in busi-
nessat Xew York city. Some of his po('ms
appeared in the "American, " 1827-38.
Among them is "
\. \Vint('r \Vish," or
., Gi\"e mc the Old." Diell, Stamford, ('onn.,
1 O('t., 1t\.4.
MILLER, Cincinnatus Hiner (Joa-
quin), b. Wabash District, Ind., 10 Nov.,
1t)41. In 1854 was taken by his family to
\Villamette vaney, Or('g., and soon after
tried gold-mining in California without
succef'
. Heturned to Oreg., 1
IjO, studied
law for a few months, and was admitted to
the bar of TJfine county. Edited the .Eugene
"Democratic Registèl'," 18(j;
, and then
practIsed law at ('anyon city, b(.ing judge
of Grant cuunty, Ureg., frum It;(i{j to 1870.
.JflLLER-.JfITCHELL.
555
Yisited England and the Continpnt in the
latter ,'ear, and issued his first volume of
verse ,,"ith the title" :Songs of thp Sierras .,
(l
,1),
ubsequently b('carne a journalist at
\Yashington, V. C., remo,-ing to Oakland,
Cal., in 18tJi. Author of "Songs of the
Sun lands " (18i3), "Songs of the Desert"
(18,5), "The Baroness of Xew York," novel
(18,i), "Songs of Italy" \11:3,8), ,. The Dan-
ites in the Sierras." novel (11:3
1), ":Memû-
rie and Rime" (1
84), "'4!), or thc (;old-
Seekers of the Sierras" (1
tJ4), and ,. Songs
of the )Iexican Seas" (1887). Of these ,. The
Danites" was successfully produced as a
drama.
MILL
R, ,
arriet [M
nnJ, '>
. Olive
Thorne )hller, b. Auburn,
. ):., _,J June,
1831. Studied at pri,yate school
. When
eleven veal'S old, she went with her famih-
to Ohio: Was married, 1840, to W fltts S.
)liller of Lewis countv, X. Y., and liwd in
Chicago for twenty yeårs. Subsequently re-
sided in Brooklnl, X. Y. An extensive writ-
er for children: but gained her chief repu-
tation by books and articles desf'riptive of
birds and their halJits. De:-;ides her books
for children, wrote" Bird \Yays" (188,j) and
"In Kesting Time" (18tJ8).
MILLER, John, clergyman. Little is
known of him be\""Oml the facts thut he
was a graduate of an English university.
wasappoinled chaplain to two companies of
g-renadiers at X ew York cit
, 1 (in:!, reaehed
the colom- the lIext veal' allli rpmainetl un-
til Hm5. IIis" Description of the Province
und City of Xew York" was first printed
from the manuscript at London, 1843.
MINOT, George Richards, jurist, b,
Boston, )[ass" 22 Dec" 1758. Graduated at
IIarn:m1. Admitted to the bar. 1781. Ap-
pointed judge of prohate for Suffolk county,
1 i92, and in 1800 municipal judge at Boston,
\ founder of the .:\[a!'sachusetts historical
society. Puhlished" The History of the In-
surrections in .:\Ias
achu
ett
in the Yeat.
1,8/i"(17R/i) and a continuation of IIuteh-
inson's "History." Diel], Doston, )[a
s.,
2 Jun., 18/1
.
MITCHEL, Ormsby MacKnight, as-
tronomer, b. :L\IorganfieJd, Union Co.. Ky.,
28 .Tuh', 18m,. Graduated at West Point.
\Yas I'ì'ofes:,:or of mathematics am] af'tron-
(lmy in (ïncÏnnati college from 1
:3() to 1
44,
when he became direetor of thc Cincinnati
oh:,prnllory, fouwlell b
' him!'elf. Served in
the L"nion army during the civil war, amI
W1l" made major-geneml of yolunteers in
18(;2.
\uthor of .. The Planetary fmd Stel-
lar W orIas "(1
48), .. The Orhs of Heasen ..
(1H31), mHI .. The .A:,:tronomy of the Bible"
(1:-;U:n. Died, Beaufort, S. C., 30 Oct., 18()
.
MITCHELL, Mrs. Agnes E.-An
American woman, sometime rt'sidpnt in
)Iichi
fm. .. When the Cows come Home"
has been a familial' poem for mauy years.
MITCHELL, Donald Grant, .. Ik )[ar-
yel," b. Norwich,Conn., 12 .April, 1822. Grad-
uated at Yale. A subsequent residence on his
grandfather's farm, for the benefit of his
health, excited the in terest in agricultural
matters afterward exemplified in his books
on rural life. 'Yhile there he was a contrib-
utor to the Albam- ., Cultimtor." to which
paper he also sent"letters from .Europe dur-
inga tdp made in 1844-5. On hi
return he
published "Fresh Gleanings,or a Xew Sheaf
from the Old Field of Continental Europe .,
(1847). The study of law, upon whieh he
noW entered, prO\-ed too confining, and he
again \"isited Europp, aIlIl was an obsen-er of
the ennt;:; described in .. The Bnttle Sum-
mer, heing Transcriptions from Personal
Oh!'ermtions in Paris during the Year 1848"
(1
49). .. The Lorgnette, or Studies of the
Town, hyan Opera-Goer" (18.";0) wa:-; first is-
sueù as a weekly periodical in the style of
In-ing's "Salmagundi" and afterward in
book form. .. Re,-eries of a Bachelor" (18:)0)
next appeareù. and is r,erhaps the m04 pop-
ular of his works. 'I. his was followed by
" Dream Life " (18.";1), in the same shadowy
vein. .Appointed r, S. consul at Yenice in
1
.;3, he resignetl after a few months anù
collected material for a proposed history
of Yenice, newr published. Returning to
\ merica in 18,j.}, he purchased an estate in
the neighborhood of Xew HaYen, Conn.,
where he afterward rcsided. H is works on
country life consist of ":My l
arm of EI]g-e-
wood" (It'G3), ,. Wet Days at Eòg-ewood"
(18G,3), awl ,. Rural Stuùies, \\ith Hints for
Country Places" (18Gi). Also, the author of
· 'English Land
, Letters. amI Kings "(181'-9-
!JO). lIe delivered lectures on literature at
Yale, was a member of the council of the
Yale art school from its foundation, and was
one of the judges of intI ustrial art at the Cen-
tennial exhibition of 11:376.
MITCHELL, Edward Page, journal-
ist, b. Rath, )[P., 24 )lar.. 1R.;2. Gnuhu1.ted
at Bowdoin eollege. Entered journali:-;m on
the Ro
ton, )lnss., ..
\dverti
er." 1b71-
,
and in 18;4 became a memher of the edito-
rial staff of the X. Y. ..
un_" Cont ributecl
stories amI sketches to the mng-azine
.
MITCHELL, Jonathan, clergymRn, b.
Halifax, Yorkshire. England. nhout W2,'5.
Brought to America, Hm,j. Graduated at
Harvard. Served a:-; pa
tor of the chu}"(.h at
Cambridge, :L\Iass.. from 1650 until his death,
awl was a fellow of Harvard for the snme
period.
\mong his puhlished sermons are
" .\n Election Sermon" (HißÎ) anll .. A Di:;:-
course of the Glory to which God hath cHlled
Belie'-er:-; hy .J estÌs Christ" (l/iìi). Vied,
Cambridg-e.
Iass., fJ July, l(i/i:O:.
MITCHELL, Langdon Elwyn, "John
Philip Varlev," b. Philadelphia, Penn., 17
Feb., 1
/i2. Son of S. Weir .:\Iitehell. Stud-
ied at the lIarnml law :-;chool, was ad-
õ56
MITCHELL-MORRELL.
mitterl to the har at Xew York city, and
afterwal"ll tra,Telleù in Europe. A contrib-
utor to the magazines, and author of " Syl-
vian, and Other Poems " (1t"
.)).
MITCHELL, Silas Weir, physician, h.
Philadplphia, Penn., 15 Feb., 1t'29. Studied
at the universitv of Penn
v I nmilt. .A tt:tinpd
prominence in ins profes
ion. havin
mRde
important researches in phy
iology and
nenous affections. These were described
in numerous articles. Also the author of
a number of volUJllPS of fiction /lnd poetry,
including "Hephzibah Guinne
" (1880),
"The Hill of Stones, and Other Poems"
(18t:)2), ,. In \Var Time" (1884), "Roland
Blake" (IR8(j), .. A :\Iasque, and Other
Poems" (1t:"ì), and "The Cup of Youth,
and Other Poems" (1H89). "Doctor and
Patient " (lk8
) is one of several popular
medical works.
MITCHELL, Walter, clergyman, b.
Nantucket, Mass., 22Jan., 1826. Graduated
at Harvard. Admitted to the bar of )Iassa-
chusetts in 1849, but entered the Episcopal
ministry in 18::)9. Was rector of churches in
Stamford and :\Iiddletown, Conn., in Phila-
delphia, :\It, Kisko, X. Y., and other places,
and was a member of the staff or .. The
Churchman." I n addition to poems and ar-
ticles in the magazines, the author of "Bry-
an :\Iaurice." a no,"el (1866, republished
1888) and a volume of "Poems."
MITCHILL, Samuel Latham, scien-
tist, b. North Hempstead, Qllepns Co., N.
Y.. 20 Aug. 1764. Studiell medicine in New
York city and at the university of Edin-
burgh. 'Sub:-;equently studied låw, but de-
voted the greater portion of his life to sden-
tific pursuits. Became professor of chf'm-
istry at Columbia college, 1'j'!)2, and was
professor of natural history at the N. Y. col-
lege of physicians and surgeons from 1808
until 1820. Was U. S, reprpsentativp for
four terms, and U. S. senator from 1804 to
U309. A founder of the Society for the pro-
motion ofugriculture, and of the X. Y. Lit-
erary and philosophical society. Was foun-
der and editor of the X. Y. "J.\[edical Re-
pository." which he conducted for sb.teen
ypars, Equally distinguished as a wit, f'chol-
tr, and citizen. He contributeíl many pappI's
Dn scientific subjects to the puhlications of
learned societies, and delivered numerous
Rddre
ses. the mo..;:t noted of which was that
Dn the com pletion of the Erie canal. \Vas
also the author of fugitive poems. Died,
Xew York. X. Y.. "7 Sept., 1831.
MONROE, James, fifth president of the
'["nited States, b. Westmoreland Co., Ya.,
28 April. 1,58. Served in the Revolutionary
war, gaining the rank of eaptain. Rose
through minor offices to he r. S. senator
from Yirginia anil governor of that state,
and was at ditfprent times U. S. mini"ter
to France amI England. \Vas secretary of
state aml of war under President :l\Iadison
whom hp succeeded as president in 1817:
being reëlected for a second term. Origi-
nated the" :\Ionroe Doctrine," which depre-
cates interference by European powers in
American affairs. Died, New York, N. Y.,
4 July, 1831.
MONTGOMERY, George Edgar,
journalist, b. New York, N. Y., 6 Feb.
1856, Studied at the college of New York
and in Paris. For some veal'S dramatic
editor of the N. Y. "Times." Corrp:,;pond-
ent at New York eitv for many leading
.American journals. A"contributor of verse
amI prose to the magazines.
MOODY, James, loyalist, b. a
)\lt 1744.
lIe was a farmer in Xew Jersev at the out-
break of the Revolution, and, béing harm.sed
for his loyalist views, joined Hie British
forces in 1777. \Yas afterward captured and
imprisoned at West Point, but managed to
escape. He performed valuable services as
a spy and parti
m fighter on the British
side. He published at London "Lieut.
:\loody's Narrative or his Exertions and Suf-
ferings" (17t'3). Died, Sissibou, N. S., 3
April, 1809.
MOORE, C1ement Clarke, eduC'ator, b.
New York, N. Y., 15.Tuly, 1779. Graduated
at-Columbia. Devoted himself to the study
of Hehrew. 'Vas a professor at thp N. Y.
Generul theological seminary from 1821 un-
til his death. He gave to this institution
the plot of ground on which it stands. Be-
f'ides ('ompiling the earliest Hebrew and
Greek lpxieon published in Ameri('a, he was
the author of "Poems" (1844), the mo
t
noted of which was "A Visit from St, :Kicho-
las." Died, Newport, R. I., 10 July, 18{;3,
MORGAN, Appleton, b. Portland, 1\1e.,
2 Oct., 1846. Graduated at Racine college,
\Vis., and was admitted to the bar at New
York city. Founded there, 1885, the Shake-
I'peare sòciety, of which he Lecame first
president. Advanced new theories as to
the compof'ite authorship of Shakespeare's
plays, and published "The Shakpspeari-
an )[yth" (1t'SI, revised ed. 1S88) and
"Shakespeare in Filet and in Criticism"
(18!)
).
MORGAN, B
sie. Was in 1884 a con-
tributor to the "Century Magazine" of
K('w York city.
MORRELL, William, clergyman. Carne
to Plymouth colony with Capt. Hohert
Gorges in S('pt.,162a.
ettled at '\-essagus-
cus (now \Yeymouth), Lut returned to Eng-
land, prohably in the spring of 16:!5, a year
after the dispersion of lTorgps's colony. The
same year he hrought out in I.Jomlon " K ova
Anglia," a Latin poem descri pti ,-e of K ew
England, with a free translation. in Eng-
Ji",h verse. both composed during his stay in
America. Bradford sa vst hat he brough t with
him all urùer giving 'hilli superintenùency
MORRIS-.lúORTON.
557
on'r all thc :Sew England churches, but
thought best not to produce it.
MORRIS, George Pope, journnlist, b.
Philadelphia, Penn.. 10 Oct., 1tJ02. Found-
ed, with Samuel \Voodworth, the X. Y.
..
Iirror " in 1823; and in 1846, the .. Home
Journal," in conjunction with K. P. \Villis,
Is best known as the writer of several popu-
lar songs. lIe was the author of a drama,
,. I3rie rcl iff, " successfully produced in 1837.
A complete eùition of his" Poems" ap-
peared in 1860. Died, New York, N, Y., G
July, 1864,
MORRIS Gouverneur, statesman, b.
:\Iorrisania.'5!. Y., 31 Jan., 1752. Graduated
at Kings, now Columbia, college. BegHn the
practice of law at Kew York city in 1771.
\Vas a member of the provincial congress of
New York from 177.3 to 1 i77.allll of the Con-
tinental congress from the latter year until
1780, and took a prominent part in the finan-
cial legislation of the time. From 1,91 to
1791 he was engaged in diplomatic service
forthe United Statesin England and France.
Was U.
. senator from Xew York, 11:500-
3, and on the appointment of thc "X, Y.
canal commission in 1810 was mnde chair-
man of that body, holding the position until
his death, "The Life of Gouverneur :\[01'-
ris," with selections from his papers and cor-
re
oIllI
nce, was.issu
d bJJar
dT:-;parks in
183:... DIed,
IorrIsaJlIa,
. Y,,6
ov., 1816.
MORRIS, Harrison Smith, b, Philadel-
phia, Penn., 4 Oct., 185G. Received his edu-
cation in that city, which became his perma-
nent residence. A contributor to the mag-
azines, and joint author with John A.
Henry of " ..A Duet in Lyrics" (18SP>).
MORRIS, Ramsay, actor, b. K ew YOI' k,
N. Y., 22 l\Iar., 1t;.3
.
tndied at the Jesuit
colleges. Made his début as an actor in Xew
York, 18i9, and was subsecluentlyconnected
with theatres in that city as actor anll man-
ager. Besides fu
itive wrse, is the author of
a no,"el, "Crucify lIeI''' (ISt;9), which he
dramatized and produced as" The Tigres
."
MORSE, James Herbert, educator, b.
lIubbardston, :\Iass., 8 Oct., 1841. Gradu-
ated at Harvard. Soon after removed to
Xew York city, where he estltblishell a uni-
versity school. A frequent contrihutor of
verse and prose to the magazines anll re-
views, and author of "Summer-Haven
Songs" tlt;
G).
MORSE, John Torrey,
r., b. Boston,
)[ass., 9Jan., 1840, Graduatellat Harvard,
of which he became an overseer ill It;j6. .A
member of the Massachusetts legislature
for one term, awl much occupied with hi:-;-
torical studies. Author of "Famous Trials"
(1874), "Life of Alexander Hamilton"
(18i6), and edited the "American stntes-
men series," several volumes of which he
wrote.
MORSE, Samuel Finley Breese, inven-
tor, b. Charlestown, )[ass.. 27 April, 1,!)1.
Graduated at Yale. Studied al.t at London
alllI devoted himself to painting until his
discovery of the
\.merican system of tdeg-
raphy illl
;J2. Wa
It founder of the Xa-
tional
\cademy of De:,ign, anù its first presi-
dent from 1826 to 1842. His working model
of the telegraph was completed in lð3.'i, and
the first line from \Vashington to Baltimore
put in operation in 1844. Wrote a number
of controversial pamphlets concerning the
telegraph. His" Life" (113;.I) was written
by S. 1. Prime. Died, :Sew York, X. Y., 2
April, 1872.
MORTON, Nathaniel, colonist, b. prob-
ably in Leyden, Holland., 161:3. Emigrated
to Xew England with his father's family,
arrh"ing at Plymouth in July, 1628. IIis
mother is believed to have been a sister of
Governor Bradford. \Vas elected secretary
of Plymouth colony in 1ü47. amI held that
position until his death. IIis" Scw Eng-
land's :\Iemorial" (16G9), down to the year
164i, is largely an abridgment of BralI-
forù's ,. IIbtory," to which he hall access in
manuscript. Several of his poems, of which
the early Pilgrims al'C thc subjects, are ex-
tant. I )ied, Plymouth, )[ass., 2!J June, lÜ1,.3.
MORTON, Sarah Wentworth [Ap-
thorpe], b. Braintree, Mass., 29 Aug., 17.39.
\Vas married, 1 'ji8, to Perez )Iorton, after-
ward attorney-general of :\[a
;:.achusetts.
Contributed ,:erses to the" )[assachusetts
Magazine" under the name ., Philenia. "
Author of " OualJi," an I m1ian tale in four
cantus (1 i!JO), and " )1 v MimI anr! its
'rhoughts "(182:3). Died, '(
nincv, )[a
s., a
May, 1846. .
MORTON, Thomas, colonist. "Of Clif-
ford's Inn, Gpnt.," as he calls himself, first
cametoXew England in June,1622. perhaps
with Thomas \V cston's company. )1 urton is
next heard of as one of Captain \\" o11aston's
party, which settled at )[onnt \Y olla
ton in
the present town of Quincy.:\[as
,. some time
in 162.3. In \V ollaston's absence, he gained
control of the company, and greatly scan-
dalized the Plymouth people by el'ecting a
:\laypole amI illlluiging with his com pan ions
in wild revelries, and particularly hy supply-
ing thc Indians with firearms. .A ftl'r f:e'"eral
warning=-, an expedition headed by Capt.
:\Iiles Stunllish captured him in 1fj2
. anll he
was rctllrnell to England a prisoner. Soon
after :\lorton's arrest thc )[aypole was cut
down, anù the revellers at "
lerrv )1ount"
were allmonished, by John Endicott. )10unt
\Vollaston had been renamed ., )Iel'rY
)Iount" hy Morton, and IIawthOl'ne's story
of the same name is based on this affair. )[01'-
ton escaped punishment in England amI as-
tonished the Pilgrim fathers by retl1rnmgto
Plymouth in 162U with Isaac Allerton, the
colony's a.
ent in England. allli as the lat-
ter'::;
ccretary. lie was ejected from the
..
558
-,110 'l'LEY -MULFORD.
town, and, returning to l\Ionnt \V ollaston,
soon gave further offpnee by injuries to the
Indians. \Vas again arrested and sent, Dec.,
HmO, to England, where he also was under
suspicion of murder. After a term of ilI1-
I H'isonlllent in Exeter jail.he wrote and pub-
ished his" Xew English Canaan" (lü37),
which combines, with more or less valuable
descriptions of Xew England's inhabitants
and natural features, satirical aecounts of
his trouhles with the Massachusetts colonists
and of their life in general. It is thought that
by his information he enabled .Archbishop
Laud to imprison Edw3rd "
inslow in the
Fleet for seventeen weeks in IG:J."), aIllI he
certainly effectpd other injuries to the Xew
Englanders. Returning to Plymouth still a
thinl time, IG..!3, he was apprehended and
locketl up for a year, at the end of which
periotl, .. being old and crazy," he was finetl
and released, nominally tu secure his fine,
but really toenahle hiril to leaw the place.
This he did, removing to Agamenticus. in
)laine, and dying there in poverty and neg-
lect before the end of 1(j..!G.
MOTLEY, John Lothrop, b. Dorches-
ter. )lass.. I.")
\.pril, 1814. Graduated at
Harvard, IS:n, and finished his studies at
Berlin and Göttingen.
\.t the latter place
began his lifelong frielllhhip wit h Bismarck.
His first book was a nowl, .. Morton's
Hope" (1839). lIe was appointed f'ecretary
of the American legation at
t, Petersburg
in 18..!1. but soon resigned the position. His
earliest venture in the hbtorical fieltl was an
essay on Peter the Great in the "Xorth
Amèrican He\-iew" (1t!4;J), which com-
mandell special attention. " )Ierry l\Iount.
a Romance of the l\lassachusetts Colom""
(1t:\..!9) was his last effort in fiction. .At the
time of its publication he had for some time
been preparing for an extensiw work on
Holland, which occupied him for ten years
befure it was completed in 18.")3. It appeared
in three \-olumes as " The Rise of the Dutch
Hepublic," anù was shortly after translated
into French under Guizot"s supervision, who
wrote an introùuction, Dutch and German
translations were also made. In 1838 )Iot-
lev returned to England, where he reeeh-ed
the honor of D. C. L. of Oxford. Continu-
ing his scheme of Dutch history, the first
part of "The History of the United Xeth-
erlands ., was published, 18GO, and had an
equally flattering reception with the former
yolumes. In IHIH )lr. :\lotley was appointed
L. S. minister to Austria, by President l.Jin-
coIn, holding office untillSG7. During the
civil war he contrihuted a powerful essay
to the I.Jonùon "Time:o:" on "The Causes of
the American Ch-il War," which did good
service to the Union cause. In 18G8 he issued
the concluding part of "The History of the
United X etherlamls." Settled in Boston the
same year and c1evoted himself to literary
.. .
work. 'When the presidential campaign of
18G8 was started he delivered two aùdresses
which attracted widespread attention and
influenced the public mind: ,. Four Ques-
tions fúr the People at the Presidential Elec-
tion" lInd " Historic Progress and .American
Democracy." Soon after the election, Pres-
ident Grant appointed him minister to En.g-
land. This was in April, 18GD. but he was
reealled in K O\-ember, 18.0. The Queen of
Holland offered the use of her villa at the
Hague to Mr. )Iotley, which he accepted,
and there wrote his other standard historical
work, "The Life and Death of John of
Barne\-eld,
\dvocate of Holland, with a
Yiew of the Primarv Causes and Movements
of the Thirty Y ears; War" (1874). The death
of his wife in IS...! increased the dishearten-
ment caused by his recall from the English
mission, and b
" the shock of a paralytic seiz-
ure in 18,a. He UlHlertook no important
literarv task thenceforth. "The Corre-
spondènce of J uhn Lothrop :Motley, D. C.
L." (18t:\9) was edited by George William
Curtis. Dipd," King:"ton-Russell lIouse,"
Dorsetshire, England, 29l\Iay, 1877.
MOULTON, Louise [Chandler], b.
Pomfret, Conn., 3 April, 183."). Heceived
her education at the seminary of 1\1rs, Em-
uta Hart Willard, in Trov. N. Y. As a
young girl she wrote for publication over
the signature "Ellen Louise." \Vas mar-
ried. lto!.");). to 'Villiam A. :\Ioulton, a pub-
lisher of Boston, )Iass. Subsequently re-
ided thf'l'e, with the exception of frequent
yisits to England and France. Wrote letters
of travel from those countries to American
journals. ::\lrs. JIoulton was literary execu-
tor of Philip Bourke )Ia
ton, the English
poet, and edited coiled ions of his verse.
Some of her books are" This, That. and the
Other, .. stories. essays, and poems (185..!),
"Juno Clifford," novel (l
.:;.j), "Bed-Time
Stories," for children (1873), "Poems"
(18.7), "Swallow-Flights. and Other Po-
ems" (1878), "Handom Rambles" (1881),
"Ourseh.es and Our Keighbors" (1
j'),
" Some \,- omen's Hearts " (1
t:\
), and" In
the Garden of Dreams, Lyrics aIllI Sonnets"
(18HO).
MUHLENBERG, William Augustus,
clergyman, b. Philadelphia, Penn., lßSept.,
1796. Graduated at the universitv of Penn-
sylvania. Entered the Episcopal" ministry,
and was rector of churches at Lancaster.
Penn., and Kew York city. 'Vas prominent
in denominational school and hospital or-
ganization. Author of spveral popular
hymns and of' 'Eyangelical Catholic Pa pel's"
(18..'")-7). Died, Kew York, N. Y., 8 April,
1877.
MULFORD, Elisha, divine. h. )[on-
trose, Penn., 19 Nov., It!33. Graduatell at
Yale, and studied theology in New York
city and at German universities. \\r as rec-
MULLA.J.YY-XEAL.
559
tor of Protestant Episcopal churches in
Connecticut and
ew Jersey, 1861-4. In
18ü4 returned to
Iontrose, Penn., where he
lived until 1t;iÎ, unattached to any congre-
gation. 'Yas rector at Friendsville, Penn.,
from 1877 to 1t)81, when he became lecturer
on apologetics at the Cambridge, Mass.,
EpisC'opal theological school. His residence
at ::\lontrose was marked by the writing of
his great political treatise, "The K ation:
the Foundations of Ci ,oil Order and Political
Life in the United States" (18iO), "The
Hepublic of God, an Institute of Theology,"
appeared in 1881. Died, Cambridge, Mass.,
9 Dec., 18R5.
MULLANY, Patrick Francis, (Bro-
ther Azarhs.) educator, b, Co. Tipperary,
Ireland, 29 June, 18-1,. Came to .America as
a youth and joined the Brothers of the Chris-
tian schools. Professor of mathematics and
Engli-;h literature at Rock Hill college,
l\Id., from 1t;ü(j to 18i8, when he became its
president. In 1t;89 removed to X ew York
city. Some of his works are" Philosophy of
Literature" (187-1), "Development of Eng-
lish Literature" (1880), " Address on Think-
ing" (18t; 1), and " Dante" and " Aristotle,"
papers read at the Concord school of philos-
ophy, 1"'
6-7.
MUNFORD, William, lawyer, b. Meck-
lenburg Co., Va., I,:; .Aug., 17'15. Educated.
at William and :\Iary college. Studied law,
am1in 17!>7became a member oft he Virginia
legislature. ðubsequently was appointed to
the state council, and in 1811 was made clerk
of the house o! delegates. Author of
" Poems," ete, (1,ú8), and" IIomer's Iliad:
Translated by \Villiam
Iunford" (184ü).
Died. Hichmond, Ya., 21 June, 182.3.
MUNKITTRICK, Richard Kendall, b.
Manchester, England, 5 Mar., 1853. Resided
for some years at Summit, N. J., engaged in
journalistic work in X ew York city. A con-
tributor of verse to the magazines.
MURFREE, Mary Noailles, " Charles
Egbert Craddock," h, Grantlam1s, neflr
l\lurfreesboro', Tenn., 18-. A descendant
of Col. lIardy l\Iurfree, of the Continental
army, from 'whom her native town was
named. Lameness debarred her from enter-
ing into the amusements of other children,
find she heeamc a constant student and
reafler of books. lIer father was a resident
of
ashyille, Tenn.. but his means ha,"ing
become diminished through the cidl war,
the family returned to the home at Grant-
lands, spènding their summers near Beer-
sheha. a vilhige in the Tennes"ee mountains.
During this period )liss ::\lul'Íree maùe the
studies suh"equently utilized in her worhs
of fiction, The familv resiùence was after-
ward. chang-eù to
t. Lonis,
Io. It was not
until her reputation had been
ained over
her ma"culine pseudunym that )Iiss l\I urfree
revealed her identity. She then made her
home in the Eastern states for a few years,
returning to the West in 1890. lIer books
are " In the Tennessee Mountains," stories
(1884), "Where the Battle was Fought"
(1884), ., Down the Ravine" (188:)), "The
Prophet of the Great Smoky l\Iountains "
(1t;83), " In the Clouds" (18t3ü), ,. The Story
of Keedon Bluffs" (1887), and" The Ðespòt
of Broomsedge Cove" (1t-!t38).
MURRAY, Lindley, grammarian, b.
Swetara, orSwatara, Penn., 22 April, 1745.
His father was a member of the ðocietyof
Friends, and established himself as a mer-
chant in New York city, 1753. Lindley
Murray was admitted to the bar at that city
in 17ü(j. He subsequently abandoned his
profession for mercantile pursuits, and re-
tired from business with a competency at
the close of the Revolution. In 1784 he re-
moved to England and purchased an estate
not far from York, where he resided until
his death, engaged chiefly in literary pur-
suits. The first etlition of his "English
Grammar" (I,D,)) was prepared for the use
of a young ladies' school in York. Other
publications were" The Power of Religion
on the )Iind "(1787), "Biographical
ketch
of Henry Tuke" (1815), and "Memoirs of
the Life and Writings of Lindley .Murray"
(1826). Died, near 1 ork, England, 1ü }'eb.,
182ü.
NADAL, Ehrman Syrne, b. Lewisburg,
'Yo Ya., 13 Feb., It;43. Graduated at Yale.
Second secretary of the U. So legation at
London, 1870-1 and 187'7-84. For some
years a member of the N. Y. "Nation"
sta,ff. Contributed a number of articles to
redews and magazines, among them one
on the "G. S. diplomatic service, and deliv-
ered several lectures. Author of " Impres-
sions of London Social Life" (1875) and
" Essays at Home and Elsewhere" (1882),
NEAL, John, b. Portland, .Me., 25 Aug.,
1793. Educated himself, amI after a few
years in business at Baltimore, was admit-
ted to the bar of that citv, 1819. 'fhe suc-
cess of his early novels in 'England led him
to ,.isit that country in 1823, and he is said
to have been the first
\merican who wrote
on American topics in the British quarterly
magazines. lIe enjoyed the intimate friend-
ship of Jeremy Bentham. On his return he
established .. The Yankee," 1828, and con-
tinued to he an active and wr.-atiJe journal-
ist for half a centurv. It is also elaimed that
he was the originator of the woman's suf-
frage movement, the first to establish a
gymnasium in this eountry, and one of the
earliest to encourage Poe's talents. Somc of
his novels are ., Keep Cool" (lR17), "Xia
-
llra ,. (HU9), " Log-an" (1821), " Randolph .,
(18
3), .. Sewnty-six" (182:3), "Brother
JOIlIühan " (1825), and "Hachel Dvcr"
(1
:?t<). Other books are" The Battle of :Xi-
agara, \\ ith Other Poems" (HH
), " .Author-
560
VEWELL-NORTON.
ship, by a Xew Englamler oyer the Sea"
(1
;30), "The Down-Easters" (1I::!::J3), "'V an-
dering Recollections of a Somewhat Busy
Life" (18ü9), Died, Portland, :\le., 21 June,
1RiG.
NEWELL, Robert Henry, "Orpheus
C. Kerr," b, New York. :N. y" 13 Dec.,
183G. Litel'ary editor of the X. Y. ")ler-
cury," 18;J8-G2, anll a member of the staff
of the :N. Y. "World" from 18ü9 to 18,4.
Subsequently was editor of "Hearth llnd
Home." Besides a collecth-e edition of his
writings o'-er his pseudonym during the
cÏ\-il war, issuell "The Palace Beautiful,
and Other Poems" (1
ü3) and severill
no\-els.
NICHOLS, Starr Hoyt, b. Danhury,
Conn., 16 :Nov., 1834, A Congregational
clergyman at Chicago and Cincinnati, 18t.i0-
8.
ubsequently a bu
ineRs man in Phila-
delphia and New lorkcity. An occasional
c
ntJ"Ìbutor of prose and verse to the maga-
zines, and author of ":\lonte Rosa; the
Epic of an .Alp" (1883, revised ed. 188G).
NICOLAY, John George, b. Essingen,
Bavaria, 26 Feb., 1832. Brought to .America
in 1838. After some journalistic experience,
was private secretary of .Abraham Lincoln
from the laUer's nomination in 18(jO until
his assassination. U. S. consul at Paris,
18G3-9, and marshal of the U. S. supreme
court, 1872-87. lssut.'d" Campaigns of the
Cidl War" (1881), allll is joint author with
Col. John Hay of ., .Abraham Lincoln: a
History." first published in the "Century
.:\lag-azine," 1887-9.
NILES, Nathaniel, clergyman and poli-
tician, b. South Kingston, R 1.. 3 .April,
1741. GraduateJ at Princeton. Stmliedlaw
and meilicine, and finally theology, the lat-
ter under Dr. Joseph Bellamy. preaching in
several towns in New Englund. HemO\-ing
to Vermont after the Revolution, he became
successi vely speaker of the legislature,
judge of the supreme court, andlT. S. rep-
resentative. His most notedlitel'ary proùuc-
tion was" The American Hero," a :->apphic
ode, written in 177:5. Died, \Yest Fairlee,
Vt., 31 Oct., 1828.
NILES, Samuel, clergyman, b. Block
Island, R. 1., 1 May, 1G14. Graduated at
Harmrd. Preached at Kingston, R I., from
170:3 until 1710, and afterward at Bl'uintree,
lass. Author of several theologieal anù
historical works, and left in man'lscript ,. A
SummarV' Historical
arratiYe of the 'Val's
in :New-Énglaml," subsequently printed in
the :\la5s. historical society's" Collections."
Died, Bmintree, )lass., 1
lay, 17G2.
NOAH, Mordecai Manuel, journalist, b.
Philadelphia, Penn" 19 July, 178.3. Devoted
his early years to law and politics, Accepted
a consulate in Tunis, 1813. Returnee! to
New York city, 1815, and started several
unsuccessful newspapers. In 1843 estab-
lished the" Sunday Times anc1.:\le
senger,"
which he edited until his death. Author of
"Travels in England, France, Spain, aUll
Barbary" (1819). a volume of addresi'es and
essays, "Gleanings from a GatlH'red Har-
vest" (1845), and :,om-eral dramas. Died, X ew
York. :N. Y., 22 .May, 1831.
NOBLE, Lucråtia Gray, b. Lowell,
Mass., 18-. Early removed to 'Wilbraham,
in the same stat<\, where her father, a retired
clergyman, brought his children to he edu-
cated. Afterward resided there. A contrib-
utor of essays and poems to the magazines,
and author of "A Reverenù Idol," novel
(1
82).
NORDHOFF, Charles, journalist, b.
Erwitte, Prussia. 31 Aug.. 1830. Brought
to America in 183,3. Entered the r. S. navy
at the age of fourteen and remained there
and in the merchant marine nine years.
'Vas a. member of the :N. Y. "Evening
Post" editorial staff from l
lil to 1871. In
1874 joined the staff of the N. Y. .. Herald,"
becoming its 'V a
hington correspondent.
Some of his numerous books are" 31an-of-
'Yar Life" (18:)3), .,
ine leal'S a Sailor"
(1857), "Sece
sion is Rebellion" (1860),
, · Northern California, Oregon, and the
Sandwich Islands" (1874), and" God and
the Future Life" (1881).
NORTON, Andrews, clergyman, b.
IIingham, :\lnss., 31 Dec., 178G. Graduated
at Harvard, where hc was librarian, 1813-21,
and professor of sacred literature, 1819-30.
Wrote extensi\"ely on ùiblieal subjects in
the" Christian Examiner" awl other peri-
oelieals. Issue!!" Rea::-:ons for K ot Believing
the Doctrines of Trinitarians," etc. (1833),
"Historicul Evidences of the Genuineness
ofthe Go
pels "(1
;J; --44), "Tracts Concern-
ing Chri:stianity" (18:52), be
ieles various
poems, Died, Newport, R. 1.,18 Sept., 1853,
NORTON, Charles Eliot, b, Cam bridge,
:\Iuss., 1G Nov., 1827. Son of .Andrews N or-
ton. Graduated at Haryard, Sub,.;equently
tra\-clled in Europe and India. Edited, dur-
ing the cÍ\-il war, the pamphlets issued by
the Loyal publication society, awl was ed-
itor of the" X orth American Review" from
18ü;J to 18G8. \" as t.'lected profe
,.,or of the
history of art at Harvard unh-ersity in
187,3. Some of his books are ,. Kotes of
Trayel and Stncly in Italy" (18GO), "The
Xew I
ife of DantE.' Alighieri, Tmnslated,
with Essa,-s and Xotes" (18G'ì), and "His-
torical Stilllies of Chnrch-Buillling in the
Iiddle Ages " (1
80)
NORTON, John, clergyman, b. Bishop's
Stortford, Hertforc1shire, England, (j :\Iay,
lGOG. Graduated at Cambridge university.
Became a non-conformist anll, at the solid-
tRtion of Edward \Vinslow, emigrated to
Plymouth in X ew England, Oct., 1635. Set-
tled as minister at Ipswich,
lass., the fol-
lowing year. Assisted in forming the ., Cam-
Y(jRTO..N-O'CO..NJ,..YOR.
561
bridge Platform" in 1ß4S. At the dcath of
John Cotton, succeedell him as "tcacher"
of the First church at Boston, 23 J ul)', 16:>6.
\Vas sent with Simon Bradstreet to Eng-
land in Híü2 to obtain confirmntion of the
charter from Charles II. In this they werc
succes
ful, but the king impose<l conditions
of cidl and church government extremely
distasteful to the colonists. and their agents
suffered in popularity. Korton advocated
stern measures again
t the Quakers. llis
chief books were "Responsio ad totem
questionem syllogen" (lü-19), much thought
of for its "elegant Latinity," and" Abel
being Dead :vet Speaketh, or, Life of Jlr.
John Cotton" (lü58). Died, Boston, :\Iass.,
5 April, l(jG3.
NORTON, John, clergyman, b. lG.31.
Kephew of the preceding. Graduated at
HRrvanl. Served as pastor of the church at
1Iingham, 3[a!'s., from 16î8 until his tleath.
Be
ides an o. Election Sermon" (1708), he
published an elegiac poem appended to the
posthumous editien of Mrs. Anne Bmtl-
street's" Poems," Died, lIingham, ::\Iass.,
171G.
NORWOOD, Colonel, atlwnturer.
Styles himself a near relative of Sir William
nèrkelcy, governor of Yirginia. 31adp a re-
lllRrkable vo
-age to America in lG-19, dc-
scribed in his o.y oyage to Virginia," reprint-
etl in ,0 Force's Historical Tracts." The ori-
ginal date of puhlication is unknown, and
nothing isknownof the author sa \-e his state-
ments in the hook. A :Major Henry X orwood
was treasurer of Yirginia in lGü1, but therc
is no direct evidence that thc men were
identical.
NOTT, Eliphalet, clergyman, b..Ashford,
Conn., 25 June, In::J, Gralluatcd at "Brown
uni \-crsitv. After missionary service in west-
ern X ew.t ork, was pastor octhe Presbyterian
church at Albany from 17U
to 1
O.t In thc
latter year he beèamc presi<1cnt of Union col-
lege, hohling this office until his death. Be-
f;itles a noted .0 Discoursc on the Death of
Hamilton" (1804), the author of " Lectures
on Temperance" (1847) and" Counsels to
Young Jlen." Died, Schenectady,
. Y., 29
Jm1., l
üG.
NOYES, James, clergyman, b. \Yiltshire,
England, 1608, Graduated at Oxford uni-
yer,;;ity. Came to New England on account
of non-conformity in 16:-J4. Preached for
more than twentÿ years at Xewbury,
Iass.
Publishell " The Templc l\Icnsure<l " (1637)
and .0 :Moses and .Aaron. or the Uights of
Church and State" (16ü1). Dietl, Newbury,
.Mass" 22 Oct.., 1656.
NOYES, Nicholas, clergyman, b. X ew-
bury, :l\Iass., 22 Dec., 1647. Graduated at
IIarmrd. Preached at IIaddam, Conn.. for
thirteen years, and at Salem, :Mass., from
1üH;-3 until hi" death. Was active in the pros-
ecution of the witchcraft trials at
alem
VOL, XI.-36
Village in 1692, and is thought never to have
changed his views in regard to them. Pub-
lished an election sermon, .. Xew England's
Duty and Intt.'re,;;t" (lü98), and a number of
poems, chiefly obituary in character. Died,
::;alem, Mass., 13 Dec., 1717.
NYE, Edgar Wilson, .. Bill X Ye." b.
Shirley, )le., 25 .Aug., 1t'tjO. Settled in \Yyo-
ming as a young man, f;tmlied la w. and was
admitted to the bar. .Afterwnnl removed to
X ew York city. Gained reputation as a
writf'r and lecturer on humorous suhjects.
Among his books are 00 Bill X ye and the
]
oomerang" (1
81), "The Fòrty Liars"
(1t\S3), aUlI "Remarks" (188ü).
OAKES, Urian, clergyman, b. England,
Hi31-2, Broup:ht to Xew England, lü34.
Graduated at lIatTan1. Preached tempora-
rily at Roxbury, Jlass., but was finally set-
tled at Titchfield, Hampshire. England,
where he serwd until 1ü(j2, being silen('ed
after the Restoration. IIc preached pri \-ately
in England untillGîl, when he l'eturnell tò
America and became pastor of the chur('h at
Cambridgc, Mass., holding the po,.,ition for
the remainder of his life. In Wi.} he hecamc
temporary president, amI in lGt'u president.
of llan-Hnl. His most importnnt literary
work is " ..An Elegie upon The Death of the
Rc\-erend .1\Ir. Thomas Shepard" (lü77).
Author of st.'Yéral sermons, among them
"Sin('eritv and Delight in the ::;eryice of
God" (Wt32). Died, Cambridge, 1\la::;s., 25
July, 16tH,
O'BRIEN, Fitz-James, journalist, b.
Limerick, Ireland, 182H.
tudied at the un i-
,-ersityof Dublin. Came to Ållleriea about
1852, itntl settled in Xew York {'ity. where he
became an active contributor to dail '-. week-
ly, antlmonthly journals. The list of his
articles in .. Harper's .Magnzine" numhers
sixty-six. His mo:,;t notable storv. .. The
l>iaÎnol1l1 Lens," appeared in the "first vol-
ume of the o.
\tlantic :\lonthlv." lIe was a
lcader among- the gfttherings of} oung wits
and journalists in Xew York city before the
civil war. Entered the e. S. al'Illyat the
beginning of hostilitief; and was' fatally
woul1lled. Feh., It\G2. although he lin!!ereù
for nearly two months. In 18
1 was pub-
lished .. The Poems and Stories of Fitz-
J ames O'Brien: Ellited. with a ::-\ketch of the
Author. 1Iv \nlliam \Villter..' Died. Cum-
berland. 3ta" (i
\pril, 18li2.
O'CONNOR, Michael, soldier, b, about
1R:
7. Sergeant in the 140th regiment of
N. Y. volunteers. The author of a wnr bal-
lad, "Réveille." Died, Potomac
tation,
Ya.. 2tì Dec.. 1t!(j2.
O'CONNOR, William Douglas, b. no
-
ton, .:\Iass.. 2 Jnn., 1832. Was associate edi-
tor of the Boston" Commonwealth," a Free-
Soil papt.'r, hefore he was twenty. Edited
the Philadelphia' o Saturday Evening Post."
18M-GO, aud ill 1861 was maùe corre
pond-
,..
562
ODELL-OSGOOD.
ing clerk of the U. S. light-house board at
\Y ashington, becoming chief clerk in 1873.
"
as afterward assistant general superin-
tendent of the life-sa,"ing service, the an-
nual reports of which he wrote for a number
of years. Early contributed stories and
IJoems to the magazines. In 1866 appeared
" The Good Gray Poet," a spirited defence
of \\
alt \\
hitman. and twenty-one years
later ::\11', O'Connor wrote a nota"ble serÌes of
letters to the :K. Y. "Tribune:' scoring the
public authorities of Boston for suppre,.;sing
a volume of 'V hit man's poems. He became
identified with the defenders of the l
acon-
ian theory of the authorship of Shake-
peare's plays, and issued" Hamlet's :Note-
Book " (U;
(j) on this subject. Some of his
works are "Harrington ; a Story of True
Love" (18GO), "The Ghost" (1856 and 1875),
" To Fnnny," poem (" Atlnntic )Ionthly,"
1871). and "The Carpenter; a Christmas
Story" (., Putnam's )lagazine,"' 18(8).
Dietl, Wa,.;hington, D. C., 9 ::\lay, 188!).
ODELL, Jonathan, clergyman, b. Xew-
ark, K. J., 25 Sept., 1737. Gradunted at the
college of X ew Jersey, After serving as sur-
geon in the British army, took orders, and
in 17G7 became rector of a church at Burling-
ton, X. J. Was noted as a loyalist in the
Re,"olution, and left America ãt its close.
His poems are in "The Lo)'alist Poetry of
the Uevolution" (18;';';) and "The Loyal
Y erses of Joseph Stan"bury," etc. (18GO).
Dietl, Fretlericton, X. n., 23 XOY., 1818.
O'HARA, Theodore,sohlier, h.Danville,
Ky., 11 Feb., 1820. Enteretl the L. S. arm.,
1
46, and was brevetted major for gallantry
in the )Iexican war. Afterward IJracti,.;ed
law at \V a
hington, p, C. 'Vas a colonel in
the Confederate army. The 1Jest-known of
his poems is .. The Bivouac of the Dead,"
written in memory of the Kentuckians who
fen at Buena Yista. Died, near Guerry ton,
Ala., 6 June, 1t\ü7.
OLMSTED,Frederick Law, landscape-
gardener. b. Hartford,Conn., 2G April. 18'22.
'l'ra \"Clled extensi vely in Europe for the pur-
I)ose of ohserving the system,.; of landscape-
gardening in vogue there. and published on
his return" \Yalb and Talks of an Ameri-
can Farmer" (18::>2). Several books on the
effect of sla,"ery on agriculture, written from
}Jer:,onal 01J:,elTation before the ci,"il war,
'were combined in "The Cotton Kingdom .,
(l8G1). a work much quoted in war times. In
1t\3ü he was appointed superintendent of
construction of the new Central Park in :Sew
York city. for which hi:, own plans were ac-
cepted, and became noted for similar work
in many of the leading cities of the United
::States.
O'REILLY, John Boyle, journali:"Ì, b.
Dowth enstle, Co. ::.\feath, Ireland. 2..., June,
IH-!4. Entered journalism on the ., Vroghe-
da
\.rgu
." Removed to England at the
age of eighteen and enlisted in the Tenth
Hussars as an agent of the Fenian society.
lIe was detected and sentenced to lleath for
high treason in 1t\ßß, his
entence being
commuted to twenty years' penal servitude,
After a year's imprisonment, escaped from
the western coast of Australia in an open
l)Üat, was picked up by an American whal-
ing bark, and reaehed Philadelphia, Penn.,
in 186D. The following year became e(litor
of the Boston, )lnss., .. Pilot," of which he
was afterward eo-proprietor. Author of
"::5ongs of the Southern Seas " (1
'j3),
.. Songs, Legends, amI Bnllads" (187t)),
" l\Ioondyne." nOYeI (IBi9), "Statues in the
Block," poems (1t!81), "In Bohemia" (1B8G),
.. The Ethics of Boxing" (1888), "Stories
and Sketches" (18B
), and a work on Ireland
in preparation in 1t)90.
ORNE, Caroline Frances, b. Cam-
bridge, )Iass., 18-. Always a resident of
Cambridge. I,.;sued in 1876" l\IorningSongs
of American Freedom."
OSBORN, John, physician, b. Sandwich,
::\Iass., 1713. Graduated at lIarvan1. Edu-
cated for the ministry. but finally entered
on the pradice of medicine at ::\lictdletown,
Conn. His" ""haling Song" was long pop-
ularwith sailors. Died, Middletown, Conn.,
:y May, 1753.
OSGOOD, Frances Sargent [Locke], h.
Boston, l\Iass., 18 June, 1Rll. Daughter of
John Locke, a merchant. Some of her earlv
verses were noticed by Mrs. Lydia ::\laria
Child, who had theÌn insertèd in the
"Junnile ::\liscellam"." Edited the "La-
llies' Companion" fòra time. Sat to S. S.
Osgood, the artist, for her portrait, a
frielHI,.;hip resulting which led to their mar-
riage. They went to LOIllIon, and remained
there four years, he painting portraits, she
writing for the magazines a III I bringing
out a volume of poems. "A ,y renth of
Wild 'Flowers from X ew Bng-Iaml " (l
39).
The O,.:goOlls returned to .Boston in 1840,
hut soon after',vard settlel! in :New York
citv. Poe, who had fayorabh- reviewed her
poèms, sent her a copy of "The Hayen."
asking her opinion of it, and for an intro-
duction to her. She was fascinated bv JÚs
appearance and genius, and allilressed
oIlle
ycr,.;es to him, as I,.:rafel, in the" Broadway
J onma!." Tn this Poe l'l'plied with the stmi-
zas inscrihed to her, and the ., Yalentine .,
containing her name in cryptogram. She
records that though the," were friemIs till
his death. they oìlly mèt during the first
year of their acquaintance. Published" The
Floral Offering" (l
4 j). A complete collec-
tion of her poems was issueù lifter her
death. Died, Hingham, l\lass., 12 ::\Iay, 1:-;.30.
OSGOOD, Kate Putnam, b. Fryeburg,
1\le.,IH-!1. A :-:i,.:ter of James R. O:'g'uotl. the
publisher. Chiefly re"itlpd in DO=-tOÌ1. )Ins
.,
and vicinity, yi::òiting France amI Germany
OßGOOD-PAGE.
563
tluring 1869-74. Early began contributing
verse and storie
to the magazines, and
wrote the well-known poem of the civil
war. " Driving Home the Cows."
OSGOOD, Samuel, clergyman. b. Char-
lestown, :\lass" 30 Aug..1
12. Gralluatell at
Han-ani. 'Vas pastor of aU nitarinn church
at X ew York city from 1849 until 1869.
when he resigned ånd joined the Prote-;tant
Episcopal church. "Y as associate editor of
the" Christian Inquirer " (18.30-4), and is-
suet1, among other hooks, ., Studies in Chris-
tian Biography" (1851). ,. :\Iilestones in Our
Life's Juurney" (1835), "Student Life"
(1
(j1), and ..
-\.merican TJeaves" (It\(j'ì).
Died, Xew York, X. 'f., 14 April, 1880.
OSSOLl, Sarah Margaret [Fuller], b.
Cambridge port, :\lass., 23 )lay, 1810. Ex-
ceptionally precocious in her youth. she was
a prominent memher of the transcendental
circle of which Emerson was the centre.
She taught pupils for a few years, and wrote
for the papers. also contrihuting transla-
tions from the German. Edited" Tht.' DiaL ..
1840-1. Became literary critic of the "S. Y.
., Tribune" under Gree"tev, 1844, and wrote
many articles upon her iilvestigations into
the social condition of the people in the
great city. In 1
4(j went to Europe, where
she was well received in literary and aristo-
cratic circles. 'Vas married, "184i, to the
:\Iarquis O:<soli, in Italy, and distinguished
hel':-;elf hy deyotion to the wounded during
the revolutionary struggle of 1849 in that
country. 'Vas in the confidenee of :\lazzini.
On the'capture of Rome by the French, she,
her hushal1ll, and child removell to Flor-
ence. and emharked at Leghorn in the mer-
chantman " Elizaheth " for America, :\lav.
18:;0. After a perHolU; voyage the ship wås
wrecket1 off Fire Island, and the family ]1er-
i"hell. Of her writings there were publi
he,l
in her lifetime" Summer on the Lakes"
(1843), ,,'W oman in the
inetcenth Cen-
tury" (1
44), and" Papers on Literature
and .Art" (1840); these and other of her
works were collectively brought out by her
brother. 11-;."):). ., )Iemoirs of )[nrgaret Ful-
ler u:-;soli" (1852) was written by Emerson,
Freeman Clarke, and W. II. Channing. and
lives have heen issued by T. \V. Higginson
flllllJulia \VanlIIowe. Died, hyshipwreck.
Fire bland beach, X. Y., 16 July, 1
,'}0.
OTIS, Harrison Gray, statesman, b.
Boston, :Mass.. 8 Oct" 17(j,j. Graduated at
IIarmrl1. Admitted to the hal', 1 ;t\û.
Sen"ed a number of terms in the :\las:o:<achu-
setts ll'
islature, was L. S. reprc:<entatiye.
17U;-1t101, and U. S. senator, IHlj-2
. A
Federalist in polities, he took part in the
Hartfurd convention of 1814. Gained repu-
tation as an orator. The most important uf
hi
peeches was hi:o:<eulogy on II amilton. de-
li\"ercllat Boston,ltl04. Died, Boston, :\Ia
s.,
2:; Ul:t., 1
-1
.
OTIS, James, statesman, h. West Barn-
stable, )Iass., 5 Feb., 1725. Graduated at
Han-al'd. Began the practice of law at Ply-
month, Mass., 1748. Settled permanently
at Boston two years later, where he met with
success in his proft'ssion, Oppo:-:<eù the
g-rnnting of "writs of assistance" to search
prh-ate houses and shops in l\Ias::-achusetts
for smuggled goods in his famous speech be-
fore Chief-Ju
tice Hutchinson, 17ü1. Be-
came a leader in the patriotic party, and on
6 June, 17ü,'}, proposed the assembling of the
congress of c1elegatt.'s from American colo-
nies, which presented a petition to parlia-
ment against the Stamp Act. In 1769 became
im"ol Yed in a quarrel with some commission-
ers of customs, and was attacked by them,
receÌ\-ing injuries in the head which devel-
oped a preYÎous tendency to mental derange-
ment. X evertheles:-;. he took part in the
battle of Bunker Hill, amI attempted to
resume his law practice, but finally retired
to AmlO\.er, l\Iass. He was killed by a stroke
of lightning while stamling at an o.pen door-
way. His political pamphlets art''' A Vin-
dication of the Conduct of the House of
Hepref;entatÌ\oes" (17ü2), "Rights of the
British Colonies .Asserted and Pro\""ed"
(17()4), and" Consiùerations on behalf of the
Colonists" (1765). Died, Andover, :\Iass., 23
May, 1783.
ÒWEN, Robert Da1e, b. Glasgow. 8cot-
lana, 7 XO\-., lROl. His father was Robert
Uwen, the English social reformer. After
spemling three years at the college of 1I0f-
w, I in Switzerland, Robert Dale came to
the (Tnitt.'d States in 182;). He serYeù two
terms as U. S. representative from Indiana,
al1l1 was chargé d'affaires anù L. 8. minis-
ter at "Saples, IIj.j8-R. A contron>rsy on di-
yorcewith Horace Greeley, and various pnm-
phlets in behalf of the rnionand advocating
emancipation, puhlished during the civil
war, attained enormous C'Írculation. His
most important works relatel1 to spiritual-
ism, in which he wai': a life-long believer.
The," were" Footfalls on the Boundary of
Anòther \Y orltl" (11'3IiO) awl" The Dehàta-
hIe Lantl hetween this ,,- orld and the Next"
(l
j'2). Beside
these H Pl'eared a novel,
" Beyond the Br('akf'l'
" (1870). allll nn au-
tohiography. "ThrPHI1Ïng my ""ar "(1:::\.4),
Diec1, Lake George, N, Y., 24 June. 1t$'ì7.
PAGE, Thomas Nelson, lawyer. h.
"Oakland." Ihll1o\-er ('u., Va.. 2:1 April.
1
.3;). Stw1ied at "Ya:<hing-ton and Lee uni-
\'er:<it,., allll graduated in
law fit the univer-
sity of \ïrgiilia. Entered the b
n' and prac-
ti:,etl at Uiehmontl, Ya. I1i
fir
t story of
Yiq:dllia life, .. :.\Iar
e Chan." wa:'" printed in
the" Ccntury l\IaJ!a1.ine" for 1:::\:::\4. lIe had
previously written dialect poetry. A ""01-
1II1ll' of stories wa" IIl'ought out in 1t\
7 with
the title, "In (Ill' Yiriinia." nnll was 101-
lu\\ed by" Twu Little ('011 federates " (1:::\t::i8)
.
564
PAINE-PARlíER.
and" Bt.'fo' de \Var; Echoes in Xegro Dia-
lect," by A. C. Gordon amI T. X. Page
(188
).
PAINE, Robert Treat, Jr., b. Taunton,
)1ass., 9 Dec., 1773. Graduated at Harmrd.
After unsuccessful attempts at business,
edited the" Federal Orrery," 1794-7. \Yas
admitted to the Boston bar in 11:.'02, but soon
abandoned his prac'tice for a desultory
career. Gained reputation for his poetical
writings, which sold extensively and brought
him large sums of money. Among these
were "The Im-ention of Letters" (179.3),
,. The Ruling Passion" (1,97), and his song
" Rise, Columbia" and" Adams and Liber-
t
-." In 1812 his "\Vorks, in Verse and
Prose" were brought out posthumously.
Died, Boston, Mass., 13 XOY., 1811.
PAINE, Thomas, pubHeist, b. Thet-
ford,
orfolk Co., England, 29 Jan., 1737.
The son of a stay-maker of his native town,
l.;.e followed his. father's trade until 1,39,
when he became an exciseman. \Vas en-
gaged in this occupation and in teaching at
London until 1,74. Being dismissed from
the t.'xcise sen-ice, he emigrated to America
by the adYÏce of Franklin, who hacl discov-
ered his literary ability. Shortly after be-
came et1itor of the "Pennsylmnia .l\Iag-
azine" at Philadelphia. Ilis pamphlet,
" Common Sense" (1 7,li), a summary of the
reasons for American imlepemlence, was
effective in preparing the popular mind for
the Declaration. lIe was voted five humlred
pounds by the Pennsylvania legislature for
writing" it, and recei,-ed other honors. In
Dt.'cember, 17,ü, the first number of "The
Crisis" appeared, a series of popular papers
on the war, designed to keep up public en-
thusiasm. The last number was issued at
the close of hostilities in 1 ,83. Paine sen-ed
for a short time in the Continental army,
and was secretary of the congressional com-
mitteeonforeignaffairs, 1777-9. 'Vas clerk
of the Pennsylmnia assembly in 17
0, and
the next year accompanied Henry Laurens
on a successful mission to France for effect-
ing" a loan to the American government. In
1 i8::> received large grants of land and mon-
ey from congress and the states for his ser-
yices in the war. Two years later sailed for
England, whence he was outlawed for pub-
lishing his "Rights of Man" (1791-2), a
spirited defence of the French revolution.
Became a French citizen and was elected to
the French national convention. Expelled
from this body as a foreigner, he was thrown
into prison, and narrowly escaped being
guillotined. 'V rote a portion of " The Age
of Reason" (1794-6) during this imprison-
ment. Returned to America, 1802, and lived
in retirement at New York for the rest of
his life. Died, New York, N. Y., 8 June,
1809.
PALFREY, John Gorham, h. Boston,
)Iass., 2 ::\Iay, 1796. Gradllate(l at Harmrcl.
Pastor of the Brattle street r nitarian
church at Boston. from 1811; to 1S::Jl, ami
professor of sacreù literature in Ran-arcl,
lti31-!J. Entered the state legislature, 1
42,
was secretnry of state, 11;44-8, L. S. rel're-
entatÍ\-e, 184,-9, and postmaster of llo::;-
ton, 18ü1-7. Supported the abolition move-
ment ardently, liberated amI made prod,.;-
ion for a number of sla,-es bequeathed to
him, awl was present as a representative of
the rnitt.'Cl States at the anti-slavery con-
grei'S in Paris, 1
()7. Contrihuted largely to
the press on abolition topics. Edited the
"
orth .Ameriean ReYÏew" from 183::> to
184:3. Author of a collection of "
\.cademical
Lectures on the Jewish Scriptures and An-
tiquities" (l8:3a-32), .. Elements of ('haIdee,
Syriac, Samaritan, and Rabhinical Gram-
mar" (1
:
.)), "The Relation between J lltIa-
ism and Chrii'tianitv" (18.34), and" A Com-
pendious History of K cw England" (18GG-
90). Died, Cambridge, 1'1ass., 26 April,
1881.
PALMER, John Williamson, h. TIalti-
more, .!\Id., 4 April, 1823. Graduated at the
university of ::\Iaryland. Stnt1ied Ilwdicine,
mItl was the first city physician of San Fran-
cisco, CaI., in 1849. "-as Confederate war
correspondent forthe N. Y. "Trihune, "18G3-
4. Settled permanently in K ew York city in
18,0. Afterward became a member of the
staff of" The Century Dictionary." His
poem, "StonewallJackson's 'Vay," wa,.;one
of the most popular ballads of the ci,-il war.
His writings incluelc "The Golden Dagoll,
Ql. Up and Down the Irrawachlï' (1
.):3), "The
New and the Old, or California amI Inelia in
Romantic Aspect,.;" (1839), "After His Kind,
by John Coventry," a novel (188ü), and a
number of uncollected poems.
PALMER, Ray, clerg
-man. b. Little
Compton. R. 1.. 12 Xov., 1808. Graduated
at Yale. Pastor of Congregational chnrl'hes
at Bath, Me" awl Alban
, N. Y., 1
.3-(jü.
From 18üü nntil1878 was secretary of the
American Congregational unioll. . Author
of a numher of fa\"orite hymns. His 1)00k5
inelude "
piritual Impròvement" (H
:39),
"Ilrnms and Sacred Pieces" (1
(j.)),
"H):mns of my Holy Hours" (1
(jü). and
" Com plete Poetil'al ,V orks ,. (187G). Died,
Xewark, X. J., 2t1l\Iarch, 1887.
PARKER, Theodore, clergyman, b.
IJexington, l\lass., 24 Aug., 1810. Yirtnally
educated himself until 18;m, when he en-
terCil Ha.nanl, working on a farm while
studying. Recei \"Cd an honorary degree in
1840. 'Vas tutor in a private school fit ""a-
terton, 1832-42, and was ordained to the
rnitarian minisÌlT in 18:17, at \Ve
t Rox-
1 mry, where hepreåched until 1845. His gifts
becoming more witlely known, a neW society
was organized in Bo,.;ton, of which hc fiC-
ceptetl the pastorate in 184ü, resigning on
P ARK3IAN-P ARTON.
565
account of impaired health in IS:)!). 'Va,;;
an ar(lent arlvoeate of abolition, and of all
social reform mO\-ements, on the platform,
in the pulpit and the press, and in constant
acts of practical philanthropy. He estab-
li
hed awl editell the ")Ias
achust.>tts Quar-
terly Review, " 1849-32. .Among- his puhli-
cations are the widel,"-known " Discourse on
:\[atters Pertaining to Religion" (1842). of
which there have been manyeditioJlf;, ., Ser-
mons on Theif;m, .Atht.>i
Iil, and Popular
Theology" (It;52) and" Ten Sermons of Rt.>-
ligion" (18.j::J). An English edition of his
works was i
;.med posthumously by Frances
Power CobLe (12 yols., 18ü3-ü5), and a Bos-
ton ellition appeared in 18iO; also, ., His-
toric .Americans," including stmlies of
\Vashington, Franklin, .Adams, and Jeffer-
son (18iO). Biographies of Theo<lore Parker
have been written bv John \Yeiss, O. B.
Frothingham, and otilers. Died, Florence,
Italv, 10 3Iav, 18ÜO.
PARKMAN, Francis, b, Boston, )la
s"
1ü Sept., 1823. Graduated at lIan-arù. Be-
gan the stmly of the law. but soon gan this
up an<l travelled for a year in Europe. In
pursuance of a plan to write the history of
the contest that ended French domination in
X orth _\merica, amI wit hthe purpose of gain-
ing from the Inùians and frontiersmen what-
ewr recollections and trallitions of earl v
times might remain with them, as well as to
make a personal study of Imlian character
anJ cu
tom:" he made an expedition to the
Rocky mountains in 1846, and lh'ed among
the Dakotas anll other tribes of the K orth-
west for
cveral months, untlergoing hard-
:,hips that permanently injured his health.
IIis experiences at this time were related in a
series of articles contributed to the" Knick-
erbocker )lngazine," which were collected
awl puhlished as' 'The Oregon Trail" (1849).
The scope of his historical plan was after-
wanl ('nlarged to embrace an account of
French _\.n1erican hbtorv from the begin-
ning, umler the general iitle "France 'amI
EnglaIHl in Xorth ..America." His first his-
torical work, "The ('on
piracy of Pontiac"
(1
.j1), is practically a supplement to this se-
ries. Of the series proper the following vol-
umes have appeared: " Pioneers of France
in the X ew \Y 01'1<1'" (t
fi.3), "J csuits in X ol"th
America ., (18ßi), "Di
c(n-err of the Great
\Ye"t "(1869). · 'The Old Rt>gime in ('analla"
(lHi4), ,. Count Frontenac aIlll New France
uIlller I,ouis XIV." (lHiÎ). and ,. )[ontcalm
and Wolfe" (18tH). With the completion of
a volume to precellcthe la:o;t, :tml to covel" the
pel'iotI from 1iOO to 1.48, the Sf'l"ieS will be
enllell. In his inYCf;tÍg'ation
for this work,
the historian. he:,;ides'many trips to Europe
for the purpu:,e of con
ulting state papers
awl other similar source:' of information, has
mallp it a pointt()vi
it thcscenesof the events
he describes, and has thus been able to give
a local atmosphere to his recitals not othe1'-
wi
e obtainable. 1\11'. Parkman also pub-
lished a nowl. "Y assaIl )lorton" (183ü). His
writings attained for him a leading position
among scholars and historians, aUlI proved
popular with the masses. They were com-
pleted unller the disadnmtage of partial
blindness. 31r. Parkman resilled for the most
part in the neighborhood of Boston, and was
for some veal'S an overseer of Han'al'll.
PARSONS, George Frederic, journal-
ist, b. Brighton, Eng., 15 June, 18-10. Fol-
lowed the sea for a few years. aIlll in 1863
began newspaper work at Y ancou \"er Island.
Afterwfil'll became editor of the Sacramento,
Cal., " Record-Union." In IH
:
joined the
etUtorial staff of the N. Y. "rrribune."
"
rote intrOlluctions to several ot:\liss K. P.
\V ormell'Y's translations of Balzac, besides
"Life of Janlf'S "Y. :Marshall," discoverer
of gold in Californi:t (18i1), and" )Iiddle
Ground," no,-el (18i4).
PARSONS, Thomas William,b. Boston,
3Ias
., 18 Aug., 1819. Educated at the Bos-
ton Latin school. After a course of private
sÌlulies, went to Europe, 183ü, finding spe-
cial pleasure in mastering- Italian during his
stay in Italv. Here he made a translation of
DaÌlte's ., Iilferno, '. which was published in
Boston on his return in 1843, amI was very
fa vorabl v recei ,oed by the redewers. Re-
!'ohing to lle,"ote hiniself to the healing art,
he studied dental surgery, in which he took
his degree at Boston, amI soon formed a lu-
crative practice. .A few years later remm"ed
to Englanll, where he combined the practice
of his profession with literary studies and
writing. Issued the first volume of his
collectC'll poems Hluler the title "Ghetto
di Ruma' (1834), in whidl were several
pieces that had attrae'ted attention in the
London periodicals. I n l
üi a quarto illus-
trated ellition of the "Inferno" was pub-
lishell. Another volume was privately
printe(l in 18üi, entitled "The :Magnolia,
and Other Poems" ; this was followed by
"Th(' Old House at. Smlbury" (I
ÎO), an
l
by " The Shadow of thc Obelisk. and other
Poems" (18.2). .After 18i2theauthor resided
at Boston,
Iass., a frequent contributor of
poems, essa
s, and mif;cellaneous pieces to
the periodicals. His lines" On a Bu
t of
Dante" have gained permanent reputation.
PARTON, James, b. Canterbury. Eng-
land, 9 Feb., It;22. 'Vas brought to Amer-
ica when five veal'S oill. Educated in Xew
York city and ,-icinity, he ùecame a teacher,
aIlll subsequently assistant editor of the
.. Home Joumal." Published" The Life of
Horace Greeley, Editor of the ::\ew York
Tri1mne" (1835), gathering many of his fads
Íl"om Greeley'searlyneighbol"s and as:,ociates
in Yermont and Xew Hampshire. Thi
work
wa
very successful. aml.:\Ir. Parton took up
literature as a profession, In 18i.:; he re-
566
PAULDL
G-PEABOD
moved from New lork to X ewburyport,
Mass., which became his permanent resi-
dence. A!.lÌnorof ., Life :.md Times oL\.aron
Burr" (1857) "Life of Andrew Jackson"
(1859-GO), "Life and Times of Benjamin
Franklin " (1
G4), ,. Life of Thomas Jeffer-
son" (1874), aml ., Life of Y oItaire" (18t<1),
for the last of which he made long and special
studies.
PAULDING, James Kirke, b. Pleasant
Valley, Dutchess Co., X. Y., 22 Aug.. 1779.
His family's residence in that place was tem-
porary. and after the RHolution they return-
cd to tht.'ir old home in \Y cstchestcr counh".
Hi:'" sister married 'Villiam Irving, brothèr
of 'Vashington Irving,and on Paulding's re-
moval to Kew York city as a young man, he
became associated with the brothers in lite-
rary composition. The result of this partner-
ship was the publication of · 'Salmagumli: or
the \Vhim- Whams and Opinions of Launce-
lot Langstaff amI Others." This humorous
<.lisenssion of local affairs was brought out
in twenty numbcrsduring lk07am11808. A
pnmphlet on "The Cnited States and Eng-
land "(1
14), in rt.'ply to an attack on the
former couutry by the London · 'Quarterly,"
attracted the notice of President )Iallison,
and led to Paulding's appointment as secre-
tarv to the board of navy commissioners at
\Yåshington. lie hecamè navytlgent at Xew
York city in 18
.j, resigning this position
twelve years later, when made sccretmT of
the navy bv President Yan Buren. _-\.fthe
close of the"Iatter's administration, Paulding
retirecl to acountrv homeinDutchess county,
where he afterwal:d resided. The success òf
"Salmagundi" had given him confidence in
his abilities, llnd frum 181
to 1849 he was
actiwly engnged in literary produetion,
chiefl y of fiction. Among his hooks are" The
Di\-erting History of John Bull amI Brother
Jonathan" (1812), "The Backwoodsman," a
poem (1818), " Konigsmarke" (l
23), "Tales
of the Good 'Woman" (1829), .. The Dutch-
man's Fireside" (1831), ., \YesÌ"\,anl IIo!"
(1
32), .. Life of George \Vashington" (18:3,")),
" The Book of St. Xicholas " (1837), amI
"The Puritan allll his Daughter" (1849).
Dietl, Hyde Park, Dutchess Co., N. Y.,6
April,1tmO.
PAYNE, John Howard, dramatist, b.
Nt.'wYork, X. Y., 9 June, li91.
\.saborof
fourteen edited the ,. Thespian JIirror."
Studied at "C"nion college, where he edited
"The Pastime." :Maùe his débllt as an
actor at the Park theatre, Xew York cit...,
24 Feb., 1809, as Xon-al. Played with greàt
success in England afterward, where he en-
joyed intimacy with 'Vashington Irving-,
Coleridge, Lamb, and other literary nota-
bles. Besitles his original dramas, translated
. and adapted a number of plays from the
French. His version of .. Brutus" (pro-
duced 181
) was made with the help of
se,en older plays on the same subject.
<.. 'harlcs Kemhle bought a batch of his pieces
for Covent Garden theatre, among them
.. Clari, the :\Iaid of )Iilan," which was sold
for $1:,0. In it occurs the song" Home,
sweet home," which was sung by JIiss 1\1.
Tree, sister of Charles Kean's wife. This
song made the fortune of the opera aud of
the publishers, 100,000 C'opies having been
rapidly sold, but the author rea}Jcll no re-
ward. He returned to X ew York in 18:32.
issued the prospectus of a paper which
ne,-er appeared, and varied his professional
work with that of journalism.
ewrnl ben-
efits were given to him, and in 1841 lw ac-
cepted an appointment as ü. S. consul at
Tunis, where he passed the remaining eleven
Years of his life. He was buried there. but
his remains were reinterred. at the churge
of the late \Y. \Y. Corcoran, at \Vat'hington,
in 1H88. A volume of his collected works,
edited by Gabriel Harrison, with a memoir,
was it':med in 18i5. Died, Tunis, Africa,
9 April, 18.32.
PAYNE, William Morton, educator. b.
Xewburyport, 1\1ass., 14 Feb., 18.")8. Early
remoYed to Chicago, Ill., where in 18,6 he
became professor of physical science at the
Chicago high school. \Vas also literary ed-
itor of the Chicago "N ews," 11:;84-
. and
of the" Evening Journal ., ufter 1
t;
. Be-
sides frequent contributions to .. The Dial, "
18
3-90. issued ,. Our New Education "
(l8
4) and .. SigurdSlembe, by Björnstjerne
Björnsun, translated frolll the
orwegian .,
(1::':
).
PEABODY, Andrew Preston, clel'gy-
nan. b. Bt.'wrly, )Iass., 19 )Iar.. 1
11.
Graduated at Harvard. \Yas pastor of a
rnitarian church at Portsmouth. X. H.,
1t!2G-GO. Became professor of Chri:4ian
morals at Harvard, 1860, resigning in 18
1.
Edited the "Xorth American Rcview,"
18.32-ü1. Besides manv sermons and artidt.'s
in the periodicals, Issued .. Lecture
on
Chrbtian Doctrine" (1841). "Chri
tianity
and Science" (18i4), "{,hri:,tian Belief and
Life " (1
i5), "Harvard ReminÌt;ceIH:es"
(l"'8b).
PEABODY, Oliver William Bourne,
b. Exeter, N. H., 9 July, 1.99. Twin hro-
ther of \Y. B. O. Peabody. Gra<1uated at
Hal'nU'd. Entered the bar; and practi,.;ed at
Exett.'r, 18H1-30. In 1830 settle<1 in Bo;;;tnn.
and became assistant editor of the" Xnrth
American Review." Pastor of a Cnitarian
church at Burlington, Yt., from 1843 until
his <1eath. Besides contributing to the mag-
azincs, issued several biographies, and ed-
ited an edition of ShakesIJearc. Died, Bur-
lington, Yt., 5 July, 1848.
PEABODY, William Bourne Oliver,
clergyman, b. Exeter, N. H., 9 Jul
", 171.19.
Graduated at narvanl. \Vas pastor of the
rnitarian ehureh at Springfield, )Iass.,
567
P E
lLE-P ERCY.
from 1
0 until his death. Edited the
.. Springfield Collection of Hymns" (1835),
wrote the report of the :i\Iassachusetts sur-
vev commii'
ioners on "The Birds of the
Còmmonwealth" (1839), and contributed
articles and poems to the reviews and maga-
zines. His" Litemry Remains" (1
.30) were
erlited by his brother, Died, Springfield,
3Iass., 28 3lay, 1847.
PEALE, 'Rembrandt, artist, b. Bucks
Co., Penn., 22 Feb., 1778, Early developed
a taste for art, and painted a portrait of
\y a
hington when seventeen years old.
Studied' undpr Benjamin \\
est in London,
and was chiefly occupied during life with
portrait-painting in the eai'tern cities of the
17 nited States, haYing many distinguished
sitters. Published several works on art, amI
., Portfolio of an Artii't" (1
39). Died, Phil-
atlclphia, Penn., 3 Oct., 18(j0.
PECK, Harry Thurston, educator, b.
Stamford, Conn., 24 XOy., 11:'.36. Graduated
at Columbia, where he afterwar(l became
professor of Latin. Besi<les contributions to
the magazines, issued ,. The Semitic The-
ory of Creation" (18t)ü) and ., Suetonius "
(11'
!J).
PECK, Samuel Minturn, b. Tuskaloosa,
Ala., 4 SOY., 1854. Graduated at the uni-
versity of Alabama, and in medicine at Sew
York 'city. A resident of his native place,
occupied with literary work and farming.
" Cap and Bells," a collection of his verse,
published in the magazines, appeared in
1
t!(j.
PEIRCE, Benjamin, mathematician, b.
Salem, .:.\la,.;i'., 4 April, 1:::\09. Graduated at
Harvard, where he was professor of mathe-
matics, U!ilil-42, and of a..tronomy and math-
ematics from 1842 until his decease. \Yas
superintendent of the (T.
. coast survey,
18Gì-74. .:.\lade many mluable original con-
tributions to the science of astronomy. Au-
thor of a series of elementary matheinatical
works. and of " Analytic )leèhanics" (1
.35),
"Linear Associative Algebra" (1t;'j0), and
" hlealtv in the Physical Sciences" (1881).
Dietl, Cllmbridge, l\Ìass., G Oct.; 1880.
PENHALLOW Samuel, jurist, b. S1.
Mabon. Cornwall, England, 2 July, lü65.
Emigrated to Xew England. with the pur-
pose of hecoming a Congregational minister,
Julv, lGt;ü. Settled at Portsmouth, in the
Ke\v Hampshire colony, where he enteretl
trade aml married a wealthy wife, gaining
great influence in the town anrl being suc-
cessively appointed a member of the council,
treasurer of the colony, and justice and chief-
justice of the superior court. Published" A
History of the Wars of Kew-Englaml with
the Eastern Indians" (1 ì
6). Dietl, Ports-
mouth. X. II.. 2 Dec., 172(j.
PENN, William, founder of Pennsylva-
llia, b. London, Englallll. 14 Oct., 1 (j44.
Son of Atlmiral Penn. While at Oxford
university, he came under the influence of
Thomas Roe, a Quaker preacher, and head-
ing a students' rebellion against ceremonies,
was expelled. Receiwtl hnrsh treatment for
his religious beliefs from his fatllf'r, who,
however, finally relented anù su pported him
in his course. \Yas imprisonetl at various
times for holding Quaker meetings and pub-
lishing contrO\-er,.;ial tract,.;. His most fa-
mous work, .. X 0 Cross. K 0 Crown, " was
written in pri,.;on in 16G8. At his fÍ1.ther'g
death, he inheritetl the latter's fortune and,
becoming interested in American coloniza-
tion, obtained from the king, 24 Feb., IGS1,
the grant of Pennsylvania, in payment of a
debt. As sole proprietor of the province, he
drafted a constitution establishing liberty
of conscience aml a representative govern-
ment. Came to America, Sept., 1682, amI
negotiaterl his famous treaty with the In-
dians the following month. An impris-
onment for deht in the Fleet through the
faithlessness of his steward, antl many
troubles in his family, broug-ht on attacks of
palsy in 1712. which left him with a weak-
enetlmind, although he lingeretl for
e'-eral
years after. Died, Ruscombe, .Berkshire,
Englantl, 30 July, 1 ' i18.
PENNYP ACKER, Isaac Rusling, b.
PhænixYille, Penn., 11 Dec., 18.32. Re-
ceiyed his etlucation at private schools. Lit-
erary etlitor of the Philadel phia .. Inquirer,"
antl a residt.'nt of that city. .Author of" Get-
tysburg, and Other PoeIÌls" (l
IO).
PERCIVAL, James Gates, geologist, b.
Berlin, Conn., 15 Sept., 1'jfl5. Graduated at
Yale, anrl wrote a tragedy, ., Zamor." which
was included in the commencement exerci,.;es
of his year, 1815. Studied medicine anrl he-
gan practice at Charleston, :-\. f'.. i,.;suing
there his first volume of pOém,.;. .. Prome-
theui'," in 18
0. \\'
as appointed
urgeon in
the L. S. recruiting service at Bo,,;ton, 1
24,
at the same time continuing hi,.; literary
work. Returned to Sew Haven, Conn.. 1
2j,
and, taking up the study of geology, was in
1835 appointed with Prof. C. Co Shepard to
make a ,.;urvey of the mineralogy and geology
of Connecticut. IIi,.;" Heport on the Geol-
ogy of the State of Connecticut" was puh-
li
hed in 1
42. In 1833 he \Vai' appointetl
geologi,.;t of \Yi,,;consin. Is sairl to have been
familiar with ten languagei'. ht'in.g- a philolo-
gi:,<t, geologist, hotanbt. musician. and poet.
\\
rote seycral tragetlies, collected in his
"Poetical \\T orks ., (18.")!)). ,. Life and Let-
tel's," e(lited by J uHus II. \\T arrl, appearell
in 186ü. Died, Hazel Green, Wis., 2 )lay,
183(;'
PERCY, George, coloni
t. b. Syon
House, Sorthumberlaml Co., Englanrl, 4
Sept., 1:i
(j (R. A. Brock). Eighth
on of the
eighth Earl of
orthumberland. Served as
a soldier in the Xetherlantls. and afterwanl
joined the Virginia company, :,ailing with
568
PERRY-PHELPS.
Capt. Christopher Newport amI Capt. John
Smith, 19 Dec., 1606. Succeeded Smith as
president and goyernorat Jame
town in the
fall of IG09. Was superseded in office by Sir
Thomas Gate
on his arriml in
lay, 1610,
and was appointed cuptain under Lord 1>1'1-
awarr the month after. A portion of his
manuscript, " .A Dh.course of the Plantation
of the Southern Colonie in Virginia by the
English," was puulished in Purchas's ,. Pil-
grimes." lG25. The remainder has been lost,
Died. England. .:\lar., IG32.
PERRY, George, journali
t, b. Rich-
monù, .:\la88.. 1828. Graduated at Williams
college, and spent se,-er31 years in .:\lon-
mouth county, X. J.. as a member of the
"Xorth Amèrican Phalanx," a Fourierite
community there established. Removing to
X ew York and engaging in journalistic
work, he bf'came associated with X. P. \Vil-
lis as a,-;,-;i4ant editor of the X. Y. "Home
Journal." succeeding" to the editorship on
the latter's death in I
G7. :\lr. Perry's poem
"Siva, Dt.'8troyer" was fouml among his
P!pe,::" aftt.'r his death. Died, X ew York, N.
1., Ii) Nov., 18t>
.
PERRY, Nora, journalist, b. DlHIley,
l\Ia
s., IS-H. Her family soon after removed
to Providence. R.I. nei fir
t serial
tornvas
printell in " Harper's Magazine" for ì839-
GO. She was for some time Boston corre-
:,pondent of the Chicago "Triuune," amI
afterward of the Providence · · Journal."
Author of "After the Ball, and Other
Poems" (1875). "Book of Love Stories"
(1881), "For a \V oman," novel (1885), and
"Xew Songs and Ballads" (18
G).
Perry, Oliver Hazard [Toted Saying:
Yol. IV., page 490], b. South Kingston, R.
I., 23 _\.u
., 1785. Served in the U. S. navy
from 17m) until his death. Diell. Port Spain,
Islaml of Triniùad, 23 .Aug., 1819.
PERRY, Thomas Sergeant, b.
ewport,
R. 1.. 23 Jan., 184.). Granùson of Oliver II.
Perno Gratluated at Harvard, and studied
at Fl:ench and German universities. At dif-
ferent time
in
tructor in German and Eng-
lish at Harvard. Bclited the" XorthAmer-
ican Review, ,. 1872-4. Some of his books
are" Life aJ1tl Letters of Franci,,; Lieuer"
(1882). .. English Literature in the Eight-
eenth Century" (1t;t;3), and" The Evolution
of the Snob ,. (18
7).
PETERS, Phillis [Wheatley], b. Afri-
ca,about 17,")4. Brought to ..America in 1 j61,
anù purchasell at the Boston siave-market
by John Wheatley of that place. 'Vithin six-
teen monthsafter her arrival she had learnetl
to reatl the English language, and heing en-
courageù in her studies, soon denloped a
talent for lTIf'trical composition. Visited
England in 1774, and received attentions
from various prominent people. After the
hreaking up of her master's family. was mar-
rietl, 1 7j
, to John Peter,,;, olle of her own
race, with whom she resided in great pov-
erty until her death. Besitles several single
poem;;;, she brought out" Poems on Y arious
Subjects, Religious and :l\Ioral, uy Phillis
'Wheatley, Negro Servant to
Ir. John
\Vheatley, of Boston, in X ew England "
(1773). Died, Boston, Mnss., 5 Dec., 1784.
PETERS, Samuel, clergyman, b. He-
bron, Conn., 12 Dec., 1735. Graduatt.'d at
Yale. Travelled in Europe, and entered the
ministry as a Church of England clergyman
in 1759, although of Puritan descent. Three
years later became rector of churches at
Hebron and Hartford, Conn., residing at
the former place. His activity in the loyalist
cause im-olyed him in difficulties with the
R.eyolutionary party, whose unwelcome vis-
its to his house induced him to sail for Eng-
land, 1774. His property was afterward con-
fiscated, and he received remuneration for
this from the British government. Returned
to America, 180;), residing chiefly in New
York city. In 1781 he published ., A General
History of Connecticut, "satirizing the coun-
try and its people and full of preposterous
exaggerations. He also wrote" A History
of the Rev. Hugh Peters" (1807), his great-
uncle. Dietl, New York, N. Y., 19 April, .
It>26.
PETERSON, Henry, publisher, b. Phil-
adelphia, Penn., 7 Dec., 1818. Entered the
publishing business in 1839. Was for twenty
years assistant etlitor of the Philadelphia,
Penn., ":Satl1l'<lay Evening Post." Author
of "Poems" (1863 and 1883), "r niversal
Suffrage" (1867), "The l\Iodern Job," poem
(1
69), "Faire-l\lount," roem (1874), "('on-
fes
ions of a l\Iinister' (1874), "Bessie's
Lovers" 1877, "Cæsar, a Dramatic Stuuv"
(1879), and a drama, "Helen; or, 100 Yeårs
Ago" (produced, It!76).
Petigru James Lewis [Noted Say-
ing: Y 01. XI., page 453]. b. Abbeville Dis-
trict, S. C., 10 :\Iar., 17tm. Attorney-general
of his state, 1822-30, and afterward an op-
ponent of secession. Died, Charleston, S.
C., 3 1\1ar.. It;(j:3.
PHELPS, Charles Henry, lawyer, b.
Stoekton. Cal., 1 Jan., 1853. Studied at the
unh-ersity of California, and graduated at
the IIalTard law school. Practised law in
San Francisco, 18'j4-
0, and euitetl "The
Californian" (now "Overland Monthly")
from 1
t!0 to 18t>2. In the latter year re-
moved to :New York citv, where he resumed
hi:-; law practice. A cOIltributor to the mag-
azines, and author of ., Californian Verses"
(It;R2).
Phelps, Edward John [.Noted Saying:
Vol. XI.., pa1!e 4ül], u. l\Iiddlebury, Yt., 11
July, 1822. Became professor of law at Yale
uni,-ersity in 1
t!1, anll was U. S, minister
to Great Britain, 1885-9.
PHELPS, William Walter, diplomatist,
b. New York, N. Y., 2-1 Aug., 1t!
m, Urad-
P HILLIPS-P IERPO:ÞtT.
569
uated at Yale. Studied law and began a suc-
cessful practice in X ew York city. The
death of hi
father, John J. PheÌp
, necessi-
tating the care of a large estate, obliged him
to relinquish his profession, Was elected L.
S. repre,,:entatiye from X ew Jersey. 18î2, a
a Hepublican, his indepemlent attitude in
regard to the civil rig-hts bill, since declared
uncon,,:titutional, costing him his reëlection
for the succeeding term. _\ppointed u. S.
minbter to _\.tlstria bv Pre
ident Garfield in
1881, he re,.;igned the 'po,.;ition on the latter's
death. "-as again e. s. representative from
X ew Jersey in 18
1 and following terms, un-
til he declined to he a candidate. In 1t;t;!J
he was appointed L. S, ministertoGermany
by President Harrison. Alwavs a leader in
niatters relating to Yale univèrsity, he was
foremost in the agitation which re
ulted in
the representation of gral1uates on its board
of trustees, being himself regularly elected
as member of that bod,". Besides a number
of notable :"peeches in c'ongress, he delivered
numerous addres
es before societies. etc.
PHILLIPS, Wendell, orator, b. Boston,
l\Iass., 29 Xov., 1
11. Graduated at Har-
yard. Admitted to the bar, 1t)34. Joined
the alJUlition movement in 18:3.3. An unpre-
meditated
peech in Faneuil lIall, 183;, bc-
gan hi
renown as an orator. lIis fine pres-
ence, polished language, grasp of subject,
and religious earnestne:>s made him a
doughty champion of reforms. While will-
ing to earn an income by literary lectures,
he freely gaYe his sen-ices to the anti-slavery
movement. In 1:;40 represented the )lassa-
chusetts Abolitionists at the world's anti-
sla,-ery conference in London, and urged
the policy of alhllitting women to member-
ship. From 1:;43 he denounced the" com-
promise laws," insisting that slavery must
be cru
hed at any co
t. Differed from Gar-
rison, who wishèd to di,.;solve the aJJti-sla-
very society at the close of the eivil war.
PhÍllips heid that their work would be in-
complete until the negro obtained the suf-
frage. This attitude cau
ed his election to
the presidency of the society, which office he
held until 18îO. \Vas nominated for gov-
ernor of )la";";llChusetts bv the Labor Reform
part
-, hut not elected. Gave active SUppOlt
to most reforms, including prohibition and
woman suffrage. I
ued several controver-
sial paml'hlebamllectures. and"
peeches,
Lectures. and Letters" (1863). Died, Bos-
ton. )la,.;,.;.. 2 Feh., 1
t'l4.
PIATT, John James, h. James )[ilI. now
)[ilton. Ind., 1 )Iar., 1
3:). StUl1ied at Ken-
yon college. Remo'-ed to Illinois in 1:;.3ü.
Soon after began contributing poems to the
IJouisviIle "Journal." and became confi-
denti
l .:;e('retary to George D. Prentice and
fi WrIt er for the paper. In 1t;/i0. i:,
ued
with W. D.'Howell,.;. then at ('olumbu
. 0.,
"Poem,.; of Two Fril'nlb." The f()ll()wiI:g
year receiyed an appointment as derk in thë
r. S. treasury department at ,V a
hington.
D. C, "The Xests at 'Yashington, ami
Other Poems," by::\1rs. Piatt ami himself,
appeared in 1864. Became enrolling clerk
of the e. S, house of repre
entatiws, 18îO,
and in 18î1 its librarian, ha dng resigned
his treasury clerkship in 1
Gî, and pa
sed
three years in journalistic work at Cincin-
nati, O. 'Vas appointed e. S. con
ul at
Cork, Ireland, 1H
:!, remaining through two
changes of administration. Beside
the vol-
umes already mentioned. wrote" Poems in
Sunshine anll Firelight" (18G6), "'Y estern
'Yindows, and Other Poems" (1
ü!)),
.. Landmarks, and Other Poems" (1Rî1),
"Poems of House and Home" (18i9).
"Idvls and Luics of the Ohio Yalley"
(1t;1'3-ì and 1
t':;): " At the Holy Well" (1
8'î),
and edited "The rnion of ..American Poetry
and Art" (18
0-1).
PIA TTJ Sarah Morgan [Bryan], b. Lex-
ington, Ky., 11 Aug., 1:;3ü. A grand-
daughter of )lorgan Bryan, one of the set-
tlers of Kentucky. Attended the Henry
female college at Kewcastle, Ky. Receiyed
early encouragement in her literary efforts
from George D. Prentice and Fitz-Greene
Halleck. lIer fir
t poems were )mblished in
the Louisyille "Journal." "as married,
1861. to John J. Piatt. Besides collectiye
volumes of her own and her husband's verse,
is the author of "A 'V oman's Poem
"
(1871), " A Y oyage to the Fortunate Isles"
(18i4), "That Xew World, and Other Po-
ems" (18,6" "Poems in Company with
Childrcn" (18,7), "Dramatic Persons aUll
::\Ioods " (1
1'30), " An Iri
h Garland .. (l
:;4),
and .. The Witch in the Gla
s. and Other
Poems" (188!)),
PICKERING, Timothy, state
man, b.
Salem, ::\1ai's., 17 July, 17-!.3. Gralluated at
Harvard, Admitted to the bar, 1 îü:). Served
through the Revolution in the Continental
army, of which he became quartermaster-
g-ent'ral. 'Vas e. S. secl'etary of war, 1 î!)-!-
õ, and secretary of state. 1 ,9.J-1
O(). U. S,
senator from )las,.;achusetts, l
O;J-ll, he
was identifietl with the Federali:..:ts during
this period and during his following two
terms as U. S. representative. :\Iany of his
letters and an aecount of hi
political writ-
ings are to be found in " The Lifc of Timo-
thy Pickering" (1
fi:J- î3). Died, Salem,
)Ias
., 2!) Jan.. 18
!).
PIERPONT, John, clergyman. h. Litch-
fieW, Conn., 6 April, 17
,j. Graduated at
Yale. Alhnittetl to the )la
sachu!'etts bar,
1:;12, Gaye up law for the C nital'ian minis-
try in 18W. when he assumed the pa
torate
of the Hollis !'treet church at Boston. )lass.,
retaining it until 1
-!,ï. Differences arising
between his congre
ation and him
t'lf re-
:"pecting his advocacy of the abolition and
templ'l"allCe lllo,-ements, he resigned his
570
PIKE-POE.
charge and accepted a pulpit in Troy, N.
Y. Preached there and at l\Iedford, l\Ìass.,
until 1
.:)(). Was the candidate of the Lib-
erty party for governor, and in 1830 of the
Free-Soil party for L. S. reprcsentative. In
his 0111 ag-e volunteered and sened a:, army
chal'lainc early in the civil war. but infirmit)-
induced him to accept the offer of a clerk-
ship in the trea:,ury department at 'Y a
h-
ington, D. Co, which he retained until his
death, I"'sued a collection of n
rse, "
\.irs
of Pale:,tine. and uther Poems" (1HIG. new
edition It'40) and "Poems" (18:)4). Died,
.J.\l, e(1fonl )[as
., 2; Aug., 18(jti.
PIKE, Albert, lawyer, b, Boston. )1iIS5.,
29 Dec., 1809, Did not complete his llar-
vard eom':,e. 'Yent on a tour of exploration
through the 'Ye!'t, 18:31, ending at Fort
Smith,
\rk., having walked fh-e hundred
mile
of the way. In 18
a was a:,
o('iate ed-
itor of the ".Àrkan
as
\dvocate." Com-
manded a squadron in the _\.rkansas regi-
ment during the :\Iexican war, and was a
Confederate eommissioner in negotiating
treaties with the Indians at the opcning of
the ci\"il war, a detachment of whom he led,
as brigadier-general. into action. Settled in
the practice of law at ::\If'mphi:" Tenn., 18GG,
and edited the :\lemphis "AppeaL" Re-
moYCd his praetice to 'Yashington in 18GB,
retiring in 1880. Held a high position in
Freemasonrv.
\.uthor of "Hvmns to the
Go(ls ., in "inackwood's )Iagazine" (18:3f1),
afterward included in "Kngæ" (18.H). Pri-
vat(>ly printe(l collections of his poems were
i"'sue(l in uria and 18tH.
PILCH, Frederick Henry, lawyer, b.
Xewark, N. J.. 5)[ar., 1842. Serve(l during
the ei\"il war in the Lnion army until hon-
orably l1Ï:<clunged for disahilÙy incurred
therein. Studie<l law, and began practice
at Xewark. It;ì4, where he became a leading
member of thc l)ar. A contributor of verse
to the periodicals. antI author of "Home-
spu n Yerses " (1 t;
2). Died, Bloomfield. X.
J.. 3 Dec., 18
H.
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth [Xoled
Saying : Vol. IY.. page 4tI0], b. Charleston,
S. C.,
.3 Feb., 1 î4(j. Serve(l in the Conti-
nental army. ..Appointed L. S. minister to
France in 1'ì9G. Died, Charleston, S. C., IG
Aug..1 H 2."j.
PINKNEY, Edward Ooate, b. London.
Englaml. 1 Od., 1
02. Son of William
Pinknev. Served in the r. S. navv, 18Hi-
24. Adinitte<1 to the
Iarylal1l1 hår, 1824.
\Y as appointe(l professor of rhetoric and
11l'1les-lettres at the university of :\Iaryhmd.
in recog-nition of his poetic" gifts. Edited
tIlt' "::\Iaryhmder" in 1827. Author of
,. Poems" '(1t-i2:;. new ed!'. 1
:38 and 11:)44).
Dit'd. Baltimore, :\ld., 11 April, 1828.
PINKNEY, Ninian, soldier, h. Balti-
more. ::\1<1.. 177ü (Appleton). Brother of
'Yilliam Pinkney. Took service in the U. S.
army as licutemmt in 17'99, and distin-
gui:,'hed himself in the war of 1812. 'Vas
made colonel in 1t:'20. Puhlished" Travels
in the South of France "(1
ml), a \Jook much
praised by Leigh Hunt. Died. Baltimore,
Md., IG Dee.. U!25,
PINKNEY, William, state!'man. b. An-
napolis. )hl.' 17 )lar., 17'{)4. 'YH
admitted
to the Baltimore bar in 178ü. Soon guined
reputation in his profe!'sion and as an orator.
A member of the ::\1urylnml legislature,
1 'ì!:)!:)-U2, and flfterward of the state couneil.
He was L.S. eommbsioncr at London, 1'ìfHi-
lA04, and L S. mini:,ter to England. I
Oi-
11. and was subsequently r. S. rcpresenta-
tive and senator. ;Seleetions from his ora-
tory are to he found in" Life, \Y riting:,. and
Spee('hes of WillÜnn Pinkney" (It<2(j). Died,
"'u:,hington, D. C., 2.) Feb., 1822.
PLIMPTON, Florus Beardsley, jour-
nalist, b. Palmyra, Portage Co.. 0..4 Sept.,
18:30. Entered journalism at the age of
twenty-one nUll sened in an editorinl cflpa-
city on various new:,papers in Ohio, Kew
York, uUlI Pennsvlnmia, until 1
(jO, when
hc joined the staff" of the Cincinnati ,. Com-
mercial." 'Yith this paper he remuincd for
the re:,t of his life. ùecoming associutc edi-
tor. ;Shortly after his death appem-ed a vol-
UIne of "Poems" (1St;G). Died, Cincinnati,
0.,23 April, It<8û.
POE, Edgar Allan, b, Boston, )Ias:,.. 19
Jan., 1809. IIis grandfather. Dadd Poe,
was a re
i<lent of Bultimore, :\hl.. and was
there stationed as assbtant qnartermaster-
general in the Continentul army during the
Hevolution. General Poe's son, abo named
David. early adopted the stuge a
a profes-
sion. but is said to have ùcen inferior as an
actor to his wife, Elizabeth Arnold, the
mother of Edgar
\llun Poe. The latter was
born while his parents were memùers of a
stock company at Boston. Both of them
having died, he was adopted in Dec., 1811,
by the wife of :\11', John Allan. a merchant
of RichmoUll, Ya. .At thc age of six Poe had
begun to show unusual talents. From 1815
to 1820 the .Allans resided in England. and
during this period he attended the 1\1anor-
House school in the sulmrùs of London.
Heturning to Hichmond. he ent(>red the
university of Yirginia. Feh.. 182(j. Xine
months l;lter, :\1r.
-\llan removed him from
the univer:,itv on account of debts incurred,
although Poe headed his elass in certain
studies, A brief !'tav in :\1r. ..Allun's count-
ing-room was followed by Poe's desertion of
the family in the spring of It::27. He went
tu B()
toli. and soon issued there his first
volume. .. Tamerlane.antl Other Poems." In
:\Iav, 182i, he entered the U. S. finny as a
private. enli",ting as Edgar A. Perry. lIe
was assigned to Batten II. of the 1st Artil-
len, amI snw
erviee ut Boston, Charleston,
S. C., and Fortress )lonroe. By Jan., 1829,
POLLOCK-PORY.
571
Poe had been promoted !"ergeant-major, un-
doubtetllv for merit, and
oon after endeay-
ored to secure an appointment to \Vest
Point. This he receiyed in 1830, meanwhile
brincrin cr out at Baltimore his second vol-
ume
"
.\.l
\araaf, Tamerlane, and :\Iinor
Poems " (18:W).
tood well in his studies at
\Yest Point. but. determining to leaye, pur-
posely neglected his duties amI was di
-
mi
eù :Mar., 1831. Shortly after this he
published at Sew York city, with money
obtained h
' ,>ubscriptions from his clas;;;-
mates, his third book. " Poems" (1
:H). TIc
liyed at Baltimore during- the following
years in straitened circumstance.;; until he
btained, 18:J3, a $100 prize for his story,
.. A ::\Ianuscript Found in a Bottle." This
led to an appointment as editor of the
.. Southern Literary ::\Iessenger;' at Rich-
mond, and he malle that jonrnal a success b
"
his critiC'isms and stories. lIe is !"upposed to
ha\-e privately married his cousin Yirginia
Clellull, in 18;3.3. The puhlic ceremony took
place inl
3(j. The following year he left the
.. ::\Iessenger" and went to Xew York city.
finishing there .. The Xarrath-e of Arthur
Gordon Pym" (18:38) already begun. and
yariously engaged in litl'rary work. Re-
moying to Philadelphia he assumed the
editorship of Burton's "GentlC'man's :Maga-
zine," July, 1
:m. Thi.;; connection was
broken off a year later. ::\feanwhile," Tales
of the Grotes'que and Arabesque" (1t)40) had
appeared at Philadelphia. The fir
t of !"eY-
eral efforts to start a mag-azine of his own
CHme to an end with his elÌgagement, ..April.
1841, as editor of .. Graham's ::\Iagazine,"
which he conducted successfulh-, and of
which, as in the preyious case, his editorship
ended in about a Year. After further un
uc-
cessful attempts' at founding a magazine.
Poe and his family returned to Sew York in
1844, and he aftei'wanl resided there. The
al'pearance of his poem" The Rayen,"' in
11;4.3 brought him new reputation, and SOO!l
after he filled shurt engagements on the X.
y, ,. E,"ening ::\Iirror" awl .. Broadwny
Journal." O\-erwork, the use of stimulants,
pO\"ert
", the prolonged illness of his wife,
and her death in Jan., 184;, undermined
his constitution. and he finalh" died, under
circumstances that are not quite clear, at a
hospital in Baltimore. "The Concholo-
gi
t's First Book" (11):m), "Tales" (1
4.3),
.. The Rayen, and Other Poems " (1:;4.3),
and "Eureka, It Prose Poem" (1848), ap-
peared during his life, and a collection of
his works was is
ue<l. 18.")0. by his literary
executor, Dr. R. W. Griswohl (fl. v.). Died,
Baltimore, ::\Id., 7 Oct., 1849.
POLLOCK, Edward, lawyer, b. Phila-
delphia, Penn., 2 Sept., 182:}. Received no
schooling-. but educated himself at home.
\YIlS placed in a cotton-factory by his father
when ten years old, and at fourteen appren-
ticed himself to a sign-painter. In 18.'52 he
went to California, and huying already writ-
ten for the press in Philadelphia, became a
regular contributor to the
an Francisco
" ì>ioneer." Studied law and was admitted
to the bar in 1S:jß.
\.. volume of .. Poems"
was brought out posthumously in 1876.
Died, San Francisco, CaI., 13 Dec., 1858.
POOL, Maria Louise, h. Hockland,
::\Ias
., 2U
\.ug.. 1:;4."). Daughter of Elias
Pool, a manufacturer of that place. Re-
mowd to Brooklvn, S. Y.. It;,II, and subse-
quently to \Vrentham, )Ia
s. A eontrilmtor
tothe magazines. awl author of ..
\. Yaca-
tion in a Bug-g-y" (1::;
7) amI .. Tentin
at
Stony Beach .. (IS8
).
PORTER, Horace, soldier, h. Hunting-
don, Penn., I.") April, 18:3;. Graduated at
\Vest Point.
en-ed throu
h the civil war,
becoming' aide-de-camp tu
General Grant
and receÍ\ ing the hrevet of hrigadier-gen-
eral in the re.
ular army. \Yas prinlte sec-
retary to Grant during the latter's first pres-
idential term. Resigned from the arn1\',
It";:
. and engaged in railroad affairs. Au-
thor of .. West Point Life" (lbG6), and a
writer for the magazines.
PORTER, Noah, educator. h. Farming-
ton, Conn., 14 Dec., 1811. Graduated at
Yale, where he was a tutor, 183:3-.'). Entered
the Congregational ministry. and was pastor
of the church in Sew ::\filfonl. Conn.. from
1836 to 1843, amI then at Springfield, ::\Ia;;s.,
from 1843 to 1846. IIis fir
t book was .. The
E<lucational Systems of the Puritans and
Jesuits Compa'red "(It'.,)I). In 1
4() 'was ap-
pointed profe
or of moral philo;;:ophy amI
metaphysics at Yale, and was made pre
i-
dent in succes;;:ion to Dr. Theudore D.
"
oolse\', 1871. resig-nin
the station in
I
R6. "-as chief editor of ,,- eb:,t('r's Dic-
tionalT on its reyision in 18fi-! and It)
O.
His bè;;:t-known work is "The Human In-
tellect, with an Introduction upon Psn-hol-
ogy and the Human Soul" (1
lj
), ån ac-
cepted text-book that has run throug-hmanv
edition
. Other volumes are .. Hr;oks anll
Reading" (1870). .. .American l'ollege
and
the _\merican Public" (1
71). .. The Sci-
ences of X ature yersus the Science of .:\Ian "
(1871), "Evang-eline : the Place. the Story,
and the Poem " (IS
2). .. S('ience awl Senti-
ment" (18
2). .. Elements of .:\Ioral Science"
(1
.3), .. Life of Bishop Berkeley" (1
R:)),
"Kant's Ethic
. a Critical Expo
ition"
(18:-:Ü), and .. Fifteen 1 ears in the Chapel
of 1 ale College" (18::;
).
PORY, John, colonist, b. ahout 1.3;0.
Graduating at Cambridge uniyersity. he en-
gaged in historical studies unller IIakluvt.
After some experience as a diplomat. \,-as
cIlO,.;en secretary of the Yirgi nia colon y, Feb.,
Hit!). Un his arrivul was appointed speaker
ofthe house of burgesses whil'h met au Juh',
1619, the first representative body elected in
572
POTTER-PRIJIE.
thecolon\. Returned in 1622 bY"wa\ofXew
England: where he met 'Vil1iåm BÌ'adford.
Was sent by the king in 1623 to report on the
condition of nrginia. His account of three
excur::õions of discovery in Virginia during
1621-2 is gÌ\'en in Smith's" Generall His-
torie." Died before or during 1636.
POTTER, Henry Codman, elergyman,
b. SehenectalIv, :X, Y., 2.) )[av, 183.). Grad-
uated at the iheological selñinary of Vir-
ginia. Hector of Protestant-Episcopal
churches at Troy, X. y" and Bo
ton,
1ass.,
until t:
(i:-:, when he was called to Grace
church in Xew York city. 'Vas elected as-
sistant-bbhop to his unèle, Horatio Potter.
1883, succeeding the latter as bishop of
XcwYorkin 181)7. Authorof "Sisterhoods
and Deaconesses" (1872), .. The Gates of
the Ea:-t" (1876), and .. Sermons of the
City ., (l
77).
POWERS, Horatio Nelson, clergyman,
b. Amenia, Dutchess Co" N. Yo, 30 April,
1826. Gralluated at L nioH college. Became
rector of Episcopal churches in Chicago, Ill.,
Bridgeport. Conn., and Piermont, X. Y.
'Vas pre
ident of Griswold college from
1864 to 186,. A poet and literary critic, and
the author of " Through the Year" (1t)75),
" Poems. Early and Late" (1876), and" Ten
Y ears of Song ., (It387).
PRENTICE, George Denison, journal-
ist, b. Pre
ton, Conn., 18 Dec., 1t502. Grad-
uated at Brown. Edited various papers in
Kew England until 1831, when he became
editor of the Louisville, Kv., "Journal."
Author of" Life of Henry ('iay" (18:31) and
" Prenticeana, or \Vit anll Humor" (1860).
I1is "Poems" were i:,;sued posthumously
in 18,f;. Died, Louisville, Ky., 22 Jan.,
18,0.
PRENTISS, Seargent Smith, orator, b.
Portland, )[e., 30 Sept., 1808. Graduated at
Bowdoin.
\.dmitted to the bar, 1829. 'Yas
elected to the legislature of
lississippi,
1833, and to the U. S. house of representa-
tives, 183,. Made a number of famous
speeches and addresses. IIis" :\1emoirs "
(185.")) were edited by his brother, the Hev.
G. L. Prentbs. Died, IJongwood, near
Katchez, 3Ibs., 1 July, 1830.
PRESCOTT, Mary Newmarch, b.
('alai". )1e.. 2 Aug., 1::;49, Sister of Harriet
Prescott Spofford. Early removed to Xew-
Imryport. )1a
s., where she afterward re-
sided. 'Yrote many
tories and poems for
the mHgazÌl1f'
. Issued hut one volume,
" :\1att's Follies," for chilùren (1873). Died,
D('er hland, Amesbury, Mass., 14 June,
1
88.
PRESCOTT, William Hickling, b.
f;alem, )1as;:., 4 :\1av, 1796. Graduated at
IItHTar(l.
-\n accide'nt by which one of his
eyes was blinded allll the sight of the other
permanently impaired cau
ed him to aban-
don an intention to study law, and he de-
voted himself to historical research. He
made use of a writing apparatu
invented
for the blind, and employed readers when
engaged in his studies. These extended oYer
a period of forty years. Having determined
upon Spanish hi
tory as his fiehl. he accu-
mulated large stores of hitherto unused
material, employing his many influential
friends to procure copies of manuscripts
and purchase hooks when on their travels in
Europe. TIc had trained his memory so
highly that he was able safely to remmllber
the material for a chapter of from forty to
fifty pages during the reading of the records
until ready to write it out. The first work
publi
hed ;-ms "The Ilbtory of the Reign
of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic"
(1838). This was at once successful, and was
translated into five European languages. It
was followed by the .. II istory of the Con-
quest of Mexico" (1843) and the" History
of the Conque:,;t of Peru" (1847), a yol-
ume of "
Iiscellanies " appearing in 1845.
:\11'. Prescott visited Europe in 18.')0, where
many honors were conferred upon him by
learned societies. The next work issued was
"The History of the Heign of Philip II.,
King of Spain" (18.;:)), of which the con-
eluding yolume was unfinbhed at his death.
He also wrote a supplementary volume to
Hobertson's "History of Charles V.," enti-
tled .. Life of Charles V. after his Abdica-
tion "(1857). Died, Boston,
1ass., 28 ,Tan.,
18õD.
PRESTON, Harriet Waters, b. Dan-
Yers, :\1ass., 1t5-. Her first literary work
consisted of translations from the French.
Passed mnch of her life in Great Britain
and France. Author of .. Aspendale "
(1872), "Love in the Nineteenth Century"
(1874), "Georgics of Virgil," translated
(18tH), several novels, and a number of crit-
ical papers in the magazines.
PRESTON, Margaret [ Junkin], b.Phil-
adelphia, Penn., 18-. Daughter of Rev.
Dr. Junkin, the founder of Lafayette col-
lege, who in 1848 became pre
ideni of \Vash-
ington and Lee uniYer
ity atLexington, Ya"
where )lr5. Preston afterward resided. lIer
first book, "Sil yerwood." a novel, nppeared
anonymously, 1t5.j6. In 1837 she wws married
to (,ol. John T. L. })reston, a profcssor at
the Virginia military in
titute. "Beechen-
brook, it Rhyme of tlie War," wns puhlished,
I
m), amI was followed by .. Old Scngs and
K ew" (1
70). Later volumes are" Ün'toons"
(1875), .. For Lo,"e'sSake" (181-\7), aIllI .. Co-
lonial Ballads." etc. (1887). )lr
. Preston,
thOlwh a Xortherner b,' birth. ahnws was
identified as a writer with the South.
PRIME, Samuel Irenæus, ellitor. b.
Ball
ton, K. Y., 6 XOY., 181
. Gr:lIluHted
at Williams. Resigned from the Preshy-
terian ministry on account of bronchiaL
trouble, and l
ecame editor of the X. y,
P RIJIE-Q ULNCr:
573
" Ohsen-er" in 11)40. Some of his hooks are
"Travels in Europe and the East" (1t5;J.3),
"The Power of Prayer" (18.3t;), "Letters
from Switzerland" (It!üO), ,. :;ongs of the
Soul" (1874). and" Irenæus Lettcrs" (1880
and 1885). Died, l\Ianchester, Yt., 18 July,
It;8.").
PRIME, William Cowper, journalist,
b. Cambridge, N. Y., 31 Oct., It!2.3.. Grmlu-
ated at the college of Xew Jcrsey. Practi:oed
law in Xcw York until 18G1, when he ac-
quired an interest in the X. ï. "Journal of
Commerc'e ., and was for several years its
editor. )Iade several tri ps to Egypt and
Palestine. 'Vas appointed professor of the
history of art at his own college in 1
84.
Some of his books are" The Owl-Crcek Let-
ters" (1
48), "Tent Life in the Holy Land"
(18.")7), I. J l{O .i\.-Fishing" (1873), and" IIoly
Cross" (1
ìì).
PRINCE, Thomas, clergyman, b. Sand-
wich, )fass., 15 May, lüt!7. Graduated at
Harvard. After prcaching for some years in
Suffolk, England, he became in 1718 pastor
of the Old South church at Bo;;ton, )lass..
sen-ing in that capacity until his death. In
1703 he began collecting manuscripts rclat-
ing to the history of X ew England. which
with books by early Kew England writers he
stored in the tower of the 01<1 :;outh church.
This valuable collection wab looted by Brit-
ish soldiers during the Revolution, IJilt part
of it is still preserveù at Boston. Besides
numerous sermons, Prince wrote and edited
several hi40rical works, The most noted of
these is "The Chronological IIi;;tory of Kew
England" (173ü), of which, however, but one
volume was puhlished, chiefly occupied with
annals of the world down to the settlement
of New England. Two parts of a second
volume appeared in 175.), hut they do not
bring the history heyoml1 ü33. Died, Boston,
la;;s., 22 Oct., 17:,!:).
PROCTOR, Edna Dean, b. IIcnniker,
N. H., 10 Oct., 1838, Early remowd to
Concorù, X. II., and subsequently made her
residence in Brooklyn, N. Y. .\.n extensi"e
traveller in Europe. Be:,iaes articles and
verse in the magazines, is the author of
" Poems" (1
üG) and "A Russian Jour-
ney" (l
72).
PROUDFIT, David Law, "Pclcg .\.rk-
wright," b, Newburgh, N. Y., 27 Oct., 1::;42.
Served in the Union army during the civil
war, gaining the rank of major. Afterward
entered businpss in Kew York city. His po-
ems have been collected as "Lm'e among
the Gamins" (1
ì7) and" )Ia!'k and Dom-
ino ., (18Rf-!),
PRYOR, Roger Atkinson, Iawycr, h.
Dinwiddie Co,. Va., 19 Julv, 1828. Gradu-
atell at Hampden-Sidney èollege. Studied
law, but before the civil war engaged in
journalism, and founùed at Richmond a
newspaper called" The South," for the fur-
therance of state-rights. 'Vas r. :-.. repre-
sentatiye for part of one term and refrained
from taking his seat on being reëlected at
the opening of the war. Joincd the Confede-
rate army and became a brigadier-gpneml.
At the close of the war removed to X ew York
and thereafter practised law in that city.
Dcliyered a number of addres
es anù ora-
tions on public occasions.
PUTNAM, George Haven, publisher.
b, Londun, England, 2 April, 1844. Studied
at Götting-en.
erH'd in the 17nion army
during tIle civil war. With his father anll
brothers fOUlHIC'd the publishing firm of G,
P. Putnam &; Sons at X ew York city in
18üü. Connected with various reform niove-
ments anù a leader in the movement for
international copyright. Author of" Inter-
national Copyright ,. (18ì9) and of articles
in the mag-azines.
PUTNAM, Mary TraiU Spence [Low-
ell], b. Boston, Mass.. 3 Dcc., 1t!1O. Sistpr of
JanH's Ru:,;;ell Lowell. 'Vas married, 18;32,
to Samuel H. Putnam of Boston, and chiefly
re:;ided there. K oted as a lingui
t. and wrote
a number of articles on Polish and Hung-a-
rian literature, hesides "Record of an Üb-
scure Man" (l
ül), "Tragedy of Error;;,
and Tragedy of Success," a dramatic poem
(18(j2), and ")Iemoir of Charles Lowell,"
her father (H\t!;)).
PYLE, Howard, artist, b. Wilmington,
Del., 5 )[ar., 18.")3. Studieù art in Philadel-
phia, and, after a brif'f re:,;idence in Xcw
York city, returne(l to "ïlmington. Chiefly
occupieä a;; an arti:,t with book and maga"-
zine illustration, mo:,t of his own writings
heing- illustrated by himself. Some of his
book:, are" The l\[ei'ry Adventure!' of Robin
1I0od" (1!:)
3), "The Rose of Paradi;;e"
(1887), and "Otto of the SilYer Hand"
(lRR
).
QUAKERS, The Massachusetts, some
of ":.hose letters and prote:;ts art' given in
Y 01. I.. were subjected to grievous puni:oh-
ments and outlawry by the Puritan author-
ities of the no
ton colony, 1{j:)(j-(i2. Fine:'.
scourging, aml imprisunment were inflicted
11 pon men and women alike. .. Three victims
had their right cars cut off. and four sufIercd
the death penalty." according to Hallowell's
book. .. The Quaker Inyasion of )Ia
achu-
setts" (18::;3), wherein may l)e found a spir-
ited defence of the" invaders," and many
faets relating to Leddm, the f'outhicks. and
other per
ecuted disciples of the Inward
Light. Governor Endicott was their most
powerful ana relentless foc. Some of 'Vhit-
tier's finest ballads were suggc!'tC'd by the
records and incidents of the colonial" reign
of terror."
QUINCY, Ðdmund, b. Boston, )Ia;;s., 1
Feb.. 1::;08. Second son of Josiah 'luincy,
3(1. Graduated at Harnml. An active COil-
trihutor to anti-slavery literature. .\.uthor
574
QUINCY-RANDOLPH.
of 11. memoir of his father (1867) and
of .. ". ensley," novel (1
54), and "The
Haunted A(ljutant, aIlll Other Stories" (is-
:-:ued po:;thumou:-:ly, It;t;5). Died, Dedham,
Ma:-::-:., 17 :\Iay, 1t!ì7.
QUINCY, Josiah, Jun., lawyer, b. Bos-
"ton, Mass., 23 Feb., 1744. Graduated at
Harvard. Studieù law at Boston and be-
came a leading advocate. Began the publi-
cation of artif'les, supporting the patriotic
cause, in the Boston" Gazette," 1 7(j7. 'Yith
J oIm Adams was called upon by Captain
Preston to defend the latter and his soldiers
for the .. Boston massacre," 1770. and se-
cured the acquittal of Preston and five of
the soldiers. Published. :\1ay, 1774, his
., Observation
on the Act of Parliament
commonlv called the Boston Port Bill."
ailed for EngJand,
eptemher of the same
year, partly to improve his health, and
partly to serve the interests of the colonies
in that country. Returning in :\1ar., 1773,
with important verbal messages from the
AmeriC'11I11emlNs at IJondon, he died within
sight of land. In 18
3 appeared ":Memoir
of the Life of .Tosiah Quincy, Jun., by his
R
!,l.:" Dietl. off Gloucester,
Iass.,
6 April.
I...).
QUINCY, Josiah, 3d., statesman and
educator, b. Boston, l\Ia::,:;., 4 Feb., }7ì2.
Son of Josiah Quincy. Jun. Graduated at
Harvard. Entered the bar at Boston, 179;.L
'Vas a member of the :-:tate legislature for
a numher of terms. and "G. S. representatin'
from I
O:; to Hn:3. As mayor' of Bo
tlln.
1823-8, he introducedmam:reforms in the
municipal goycrnment. "
as president I)f
Harvard, 1
9-4:;. 11.nllmanaged that insti-
tution with success. In politics was an ex-
treme Federali4.. IIischief work was" The
History of Harvard rniversitv" (IR40ì.
A vohime of his speeches was' publi
hed
in 1874. Died, Quincy, l\Iass., 1 July,
18G4.
QUINCY, Josiah, 4th, b. Boston. )1a::,:,.,
17 Jan., 1802. Eldest SOn of J o:-:iah Quincy,
3d.
1'iHluated at Hananl. and entered the
legal l'rofe:-:-:ion. Held various municipal
appointments in no
ton, of which he was
mayor, l:O-:..j..)-4fJ. "Figures of the Pa
t " ap-
peared in 1883. Died. Quincy, )la:;s.. 2
Sov.,IR:O-:2.
RALPH, James, b. probably in Phila-
dclphia. Penn., about lU9.3. Was an inti-
mate friend of Benjamin Franklin and
accompanied him to England in lì24.
\fter
unsuccessful attempts as an actor and jour-
nalist he became a political pamphleteer and
was employed by both the English partiesuf
the time. Was satirized hy Pope in the
" Duneiad " for his poetical efforts, one of
which was" Zeuma, or the Love of Liberty"
(172D). Among his prose works 'w>r
a " II is-
tory of England" (1744) and" The í'a
e of
Äuthors by Profession or Tra.le Stated"
(lì58). Died, Chiswick, England, 2-1 Jan.,
17H2.
RAMSAY, David, physician, b. Lancas-
ter Co., Penn., 2 April, 174fJ. Graduated at
the college of New Jersey. Studied medicine
at the coI1ege of Philaùèlphia, and practised
with success at Charleston, S. C. Served in
the
outh Carolina legislature, 1776-83.
and abo as a surgeon in the Continental
army. \Vas taken prisoner at the capture of
Charleston, 1780, and confined for eleven
months at St. .Augustine. A delegate to the
Continental congress from 1782 until 178G,
he was afterwarfl a member of the senate of
South Carolina for many years. Besides
numerous medical works, he brought out
., History of the Uevolution in South Caro-
lina "(1785), "The IIistoryof the American
Revolution" (17t!9), .. Life of George Wash-
ing-ton" (1801), and" History of South Car-
olina" (1808). Died, Charleston, S. C., 8
)lav, 1815.
RANDALL, James Ryder, journalist,
b, Baltimore, )1d., 1 Jun., 1839. Studied at
Georgetown college, D. C. Early removed to
Loui;;iana, where he obtained a po:;ition on
the Xew Orleans .. :O;undav Delta." His
popular Southern war song, ":\Iaryland,
1y Maryland," was written at Poydras col-
lege, La., in 1861. It was one of It number
of :,;imilar songs written hy :\11'. Randall,
who is also the author of much fugitive
verse. In 18fi(j he beeame editor-in-chief of
the Augusta, Ga., .. Constitutionnlist," and
sub:;equently held other editorial position::;
in the South.
RANDOLPH, Anson Davies Fitz, pub-
lIsher, b. Woodbridge, X. J., It; Oct.., 1820.
Educated in one of the public schools of
Xew York city. At a Yery early age he en-
tered the N. Y. book house of the Americ-un
Sundav school union. Established himself
as a ')ookscller and publisher in the same
city, 18.31. "-as for many years a contribu-
tor to the periodical press, and in 1
6j at the
reque
t of his friend, Charles Scribner", col-
lected his poems in a volume as" Hopefully
,,- aiting, anù Other Y er
es" (enlarged cd.
1
8:;).
RANDOLPH, John, "'of Roanoke,"
statesman, L. Cawsons, Chef'terfield Co.,
Ya., 2 June, 17ì3, A descendant of Poca-
hontas. Received an irregular schooling in
Yirginia, and studied for brief periods at
the college of Xew Jersey and at Columbia.
tudied hw with his miele, Edmund Ran-
dolph, at Philadelphia. '''as elected U. S.
representative from Yirginia in 1799, and
was reelected, with the exception of three
terms, until his retirement in 1829. During
two of these, 1825-7, he was a member of
the r. S. senate. Appointed minister to
Russia in 1830, he returned to .America the
following veal' on account of illIH'Sf', ,y 11
for some y'cars a leader of the Hepublican-
RANDOLPH-REESE,
575
Democratic party in congress, but became
estranged from Jefferson and opposed many
of the measures of his former party asso-
ciates. He was opposed to the l\Iissouri
compromise of 1820. and styled its Xorthern
advocates" doughfaces." A constant par-
tisan of state-rights, and a defender of the
South Carolina nullification proceedings,
he ne,'ertheless manumitted bv will all his
slaves, to the number of three hundred. A
master of sarcasm, his unsparing use of in-
vective involved him in a duel with Henrv
Clay, in which Randolph threw away hfs
fire, but escaped injury. Died, Philadel-
phia, Penn.. 24 :ì.\fay, 1833.
RANDOLPH, Sir John, lawyer, b.
Turkey Island, Va" 1693 PI. D. Conway).
Gra(luated at William and
Iary college.
Studied law in England, and early became
attorney-general of nrginia. 'Y
s knighted
while in England on business for his college,
and was in 1 ia6 speaker of the Yirginia
house of burgesses. Selections from his
"Breviate Book" are gi '-en in the "Yir-
ginia Historical Register" for 1848. Ran-
dolph collected materials for a history of
Yirginia. which were utilized by hi:; nephew,
'Yilliam Stith, Died, Williamshurg, Va.,
9 }lar., 1 iði. L
RAY, William, b, Salishury, Conn., 9
Dec., 1771. Early removed to Xew York
state, where he was engaged in trade during
most of his life. Shipped as a sailor on the
frigate Philadplph ia in 180;], awl was f:'oon
after made prisoner at Tripoli. Published
" Poems. . . with a brief sketch of the Au-
thor's Captidty and Sufferings" (1821).
Died, Auburn, N. Y., 1t<n.
RAYMOND, Henry Jarvis, journalbt.
b. Lima, X, Y., 24 Jan., 1820. Graduated
at the university of Yermont. After con-
tributing to Greelev's ., X ew Yorker." \Va"
made a;
i4ant edítor of the ,. Tribune,"
1
41. .From 1843 to 1H.,)1 was connected ed-
itoriallv with the X. Y. "Courier and En-
quirer.;' Became a member of the state leg-
islature. It;49. and speaker of the assembly,
1t-!51. E"tablished the X. Y. .. Times" in
the latter year. 'Yas lieutenant-governor
of Xew York. 11).'>4. Helped to organize the
Republican party, amI worked hard in Pl'é-
mont's intel'e"t. :::-ipeaker of the aS3embly for
the second time, IH01. 'Yas electea e. S.
repre"entati,-e, 18/H, ana supported Presi-
d
Ilt Johnson's r
con"truetion policy. De-
elmed the
\.u4rian mission, I
Oi. Issued
., Politieal Le,,
ons of the Hevolution"
(lH:ï4), .. L{'tters to TIon. "-, L. Yancey"
(1
liO), and" Life and Sf'rvices of Pre"hIënt
IJincoln; with his State Papers, etc." (1t;0:ï).
Died, Kew York, X. Y.. l
June, 113GB.
RAYMOND, Rossiter Worthington,
b. Cincinnati, 0.. 27 April. 1840. Studied
at sC\"eral German unÏ\-er
itic!'. :::-ierved in
the L. ;:;,armyduringthc <:ivilwar. 'Vas
L. :-;. commissioner of mining statistics,
1808-'ì0. and editor of the "Engineering
and 3IiningJournal "after 1Rfi8. Author of
several books for children and contributed
poetry to the magazines, in addition to his
works on engineering.
READ, Thomas Buchanan, artist and
poet, b. Chester Co., Penn., 12 }Iar., 182'3.
Educated himself as an arti:-;t at an early age,
leaving his home and residing for brief
period
at Cincinnati,X ew Y ork,and Bo:,;ton.
Published a number of poems in the Bo:,;ton
"Courier," 1843-4, and. removing' to Phila-
delphia in 1846, "rought out there his first
volume of verse. "Poems" (1t!4 i). :::-itudied
art at Florence and Rome from 18.33 to 1
.,)8,
and spent much of his later years at the lat-
ter place. Of his paintings the best-known
are the one illu:,;trating his poem" Sheri-
dan's Hide," the group of Long-fellow's
daughter", amI the portrait of }[rs. Bro\\ ning.
Some of his hooks are" .Female Poets of
America" (It!-1:-;), a compilation illustrated
\\ ith portrait:,; drawn by himself, "The K ew
Pa40ral" (18:).')). " The 'Yagoner of the .A.I-
leghanies" (18Ij2), amI" .A.
ummer :::-it01'\",
:::-ihericlan's Ride, and Other Poems" (11;6.3).
Died, Xew York, N. Y., 11 )[av, 1:-;i2.
REALF, Richard, b. Uèhfield, near
IJewes, Sussex, England. 14June,18:H. Em-
igrated to
\..merica, 18.3-1, and settling in
Kansas, entered into the plans of John
Brown, though in Texas at the time of the
Harper's .Ferry raid. Served through the
civil war in the Union armv. .Afterward
lectured and wrote for the ñewspapers in
Pittsburgh, Penn. Author of "Guesses at
the Beautiful," poems (London, 1
.,)
), and
much fugitive verse. Died, Oakland, Cal.,
28 Oct., 18i8.
RED JACKET, or Sagoyell'atlw, Indian
chief, b. "Old Castle," Seneca Lake, X. y"
about 1 i.,)2. A leading chief of the :::-ienecas,
and greate"t in authority among the Six
Xations. Fought on the side of the English
in the Revolution ancl on that of the .Àmer-
ican:-: in the war of 1812. Bee-ame noted as an
orator. His" J
ife" was written bv 'Yo L.
Stone (1!Hl). Died, Seneca Yillage', X, Y.,
20 Jan., ltiaO.
REED, Henry, educator, b. Philaclel-
phia, Penn.. 11 July, 180::;. Graduated at
the uni,-ersity of Pennsylvania, where he
was professor of rhetoric and English liter-
ature, 1835-5-1. Yi"itell Europe in It';J4.
" IJectures on English Literature, ('haucer
to Tennyson" (18;;.')), ,. Lectures on Englbh
Hi:,;torv and Tragic Poetrv. as Illustrated
by Slulkespeare "(11).')6), mid" Lectures on
the British Poets" (1t!,j'ì) were issueù post-
humously. Perished in the fouwlered ship
Arctic, 2i Sept., 11'.')4.
REESE, Lizette Woodworth, b. "
a-
verly, ::\1.1., It!fj-. Early removed to Balti-
more, which became her permancnt rl'si-
&
576
REID-RIPLEY.
dence. .A writer of verse for the mngnzines,
anll author of .. A Branch of
Iay," poems
(lB
,).
REID, Whitelaw, journalist. b. nenr
Xenia, 0., 27 Oct., l:-::r;-. Gmlluated at :\[j-
ami university. Entered journalism as the
editor of the Xenia "Xews." \Yas soon
called to the staff of the Cincinnati" Ga-
zette," and ùeeame correspondent of thnt
journal at the outbreak of the civil war. lIe
performed volunteer staff duty in several
engagements, allli was present at Fort Don-
elsun,
hiloh, and Gettysbur
. His letters
from 'Yn,;;hington and the seat of war over
the signature "..A
ale" attracted general
attention. From 1HU3 to 18(j;-) was lihrarian
of the C. S. house of represenlati,-es. En-
gaged in the culture of cotton in IJouisiana
for a year, and on his return to the Korth
is:meä .. 4\.fter the 'Val'," a book on the
Southern situation (18(jG). Two wars later
nppenre(l .. Ohio in the War: lier States-
men, her Generals, and Sol(1ier:,;." Joined
the editorial staff of the N. Y. "Triùune,"
HWt'. and ,..:uceeeded :\Ir. Grceley as its editor.
18,2. .After twice declining sirnilar appoint-
ments from furmer presidents, ae('epted in
1t!
!) the U. S. mis:,;ion to Franee from Pres-
ident IIarri
on. .Author or" ., Schools of
Journali
1Il ,. (ltì71), .. The Seholar in PoJi-
tics " (l8,:
). anI!"
ome Newspaper Tenden-
cies" (l
,!J).
RICH, Hiram, lxmker, b. Gloucester,
)[ass., 2t! Oct., It!32. Ueceived his edueation
at the :-chool:- of his native town, which was
hb permanent home, with the exception of a
few year,,' residem'e in Bo:,;ton and K ew
York. Entered the banking ùusiness, 18,)..
and beeamc cashier of thc Cape 4\.nn national
bank at Glouce:,;ter in1I:iG':;. ..A contributor
of poetr
to the" .Atlantic )[onthly," .. The
Century." and other leading magazines.
RICH, R. Xothing is kno\\ n of him be-
yond his statements in the preface to · "
ewes
from Virginia " (1610), that he was a ., sol-
dier" and made the Yirginian voyage, re-
turning before hb book was puùlishcd.
RICHARDSON, Albert Deane, jour-
nalist, b. Franklin, 1\1ass., 6 Oct., 1833.
Became field currespondent for the X. Y.
"Tribune" at the opening of the civil war.
'Ya
captured ut Yiek"burg, and passed
nearly t\\ 0 '"cars in seven Southern prisons,
After the ,,:ar de,-otcd himself to writing
anll lecturing. Among his writings arc
., The Fieltl, the Dungeon, and the Escape "
(18ù':;), and "Garnered Sheayes" (issued
posthumousl
', 1
,1), Died, Kew York,
.
Y.. 2 Dec., 1H(j!J.
RICHARDSON, Charles Prancis, edu-
cator, b. Hallowell, 1\[e., 29 1\[ay, 1t!.j1.
Graduated at Dartmouth. .A memherof the
X. Y. "Independent" editorial Rtaff, 1872-
8. In 1882 hecame professor of the Anglo-
::;axon and English language and literature
at Dartmouth. Author of "A Primer of
American Litemture ., (18,()). ,. The Cross. "
poems (18,9), "The Choice of Books" (1881),
anù a history of ".American Litemture :
HiOì-188.3" (18
7-9),
RIDEING, William Henry, journalist,
h. Liverpool, England, 17 Feb., 18.33. His
father was an otli.cer of a Cunnrd steam-
:-hip. Held yurious editorial positions in
the ("nited
tate
and England until1
3,
when he settled permanently in Boston,
)[a8s. His works include" Pncific Railwa, s
Illustrated" (1
,8), "
trav l\loments with
Thackeray" (1880), and" A'Little IT pstart,"
novel (18t!5).
RIDPATH, John Clark, educator, b.
Putnam Co., Ind.. 2ù Arril, 1840. Gradu-
ated at A
bury (now De Pauw) university,
where he ùecame a professor in 1
69. Ten
years later he was elected vice-president of
the univer
ity. .Author of ".A Popular
History of the r nited States" (1876). .. Life
and Work of Garfield" (1881-2), ,. Life of
James G. Blaine ., (1:)
4). and ., A Cyclopæ-
dia of Cniversal History" (18tiO-5).
RILEY, James Whitcomb, "Benj. F.
Johnson, of .Boone," b. Greenfield, Ind.,
18,):3. His father was a leading nttorney of
that place. The son first adopted the occu-
pation of a sign-painter, and tiring of this,
next became a memùer of a strolling com-
pany of actor:-:, for whom he was nccustomed
to remodel plays, compose songs. etc. ...-\.f-
terward joined the staff of the Indianapolis
"Journal," and more recently delivered
poetical lectnres. or reeitations of his own
J)oem
. lIe began contributing Yer::::e to the
periodicals in 18,':;, his poems in the Hoosier
or Indiana dialect ùeing most successful and
gaining him wide reputation. lIis published
works are "The Old Swimmin-Hole, and
'Leyen :More Poems. by Benj. F. Johnson,
of Boone" (1
83), .. The Boss Girl, and
Other Sketches," poems and stories (1886),
"Character Sketches and Poems" (18t!7).
" Afterwhil
s ,. (1t588), and" l>ipes 0' Pan at
Zekesbury" (18t!U).
RIORDAN, Roger, b. Cappoqnin. Co.
Waterford,1reland, 21l\Iay, H347. HeceÍ\oed
his ellncation at Albert in:,;titute. Dublin.
For 1'ome years a juurnali",t in .K ew York
city. Also a writer for the magazines.
RIPLEY, George, journalist, b. Green-
field, )[ass., 3 Uct., 1
02. Graduated at
Harvard, where he was afterward instructor
in lIlnthemati<:s anll natural philosophy
while studying in the Harvard divinity
school. Became minister of a L nitarian so-
ciet v in I
o:-:ton, IH2fì, resigning the pas-
torite in 1841. In 1t!i36, with Emerson and
F. II. lIedge. organized the society of Tran-
scendentalists, which
tal'ted " The Dial" in
1840, and was resident editor of that journal
at Boston for a short time. Dr. }{jpley was
a founder and the leading member of .. The
RIPLEY-ROE.
577
Brook Farm Institute of
\.gricu1ture amI
Education " I1t \Vest Roxhury. :\Iass., which
lasted from 18.U to 1847. While there he
began, in 1845, the publication of "The
Harbinger," a periodical devoted to Fou-
rierism, which sy:;tem had recently been
adopted by the Brook Farm as,-ociation.
After his removal, in 1847, from \Yest Rox-
hury to the neig-hborhood of K ew York city,
he èontinued to edit this paper until 18-1fJ.
Debts falling to his share from the Brook
Farm experiment were laboriously paid off
in the succeeding years. His connection
with the N. Y. .. Tribune" began in l
-1Û
and lasted until his death, and he brought
its literary department to a high standard
of excellence. In as:-,ociation with Charles A.
Dana, edited the" Kew American Cyclo-
pædia," 1S.i7-Ga, of which a new edition,
reyi:..:ed by the original editors, appeared in
1873-76, His" Life" was written, 1882, Ly
Octavius B. Frothingham. His writings
have not been collected, Died, :New York,
K. Y., 4 July, 1880.
RIPLEY, Roswell Sabine, solùier, b.
"\V orthington, Franklin Co., 0., 14 :\Iar.,
182:.1. Graduated at \Vest Point. Served in
the U. S. army during the :ì\Iexican war.
Entered the Confederate army at the open-
ing of the civil war, reaching the rank of
brigadier-general. Author of "The \Var
with :\Iexico, " a hi,-tory (184Û). Died, Sew
York, X. y" 26 )Iar., 18t!7.
RIVINGTON, James, royalist printer
and journali:;t, b. London, England, ahout
1724. Came to America, 17GO. E:;tablished
himself as a printer at Philadelphia. and
afterward at
ew York db". Started" The
Xew York Gazetteer," 1 ,;
t His office was
mobbed in 17..) on account of his support of
the Briti
h government. and he sailed for
England. Returning to X ew York on its oc-
cupation hy the British. he puhli:;hed " The
Royal Gazette," l'jÎ.-83. Haying" supplied
\Ya:;hington \\ it h secret infurmation toward
the close of the Heyolution. he was allowe(l to
remuin in X ew York after the war, Died,
Xew York, X. Y., July, 1802.
ROBERTS, Sara
h. Portsmouth,X. II.,
2G Julv, 1812. Daughter of Edmund Q.
Roberts, the first diplomatic repre,.:entath"e
of the r nited States in Asia. \Yas mar-
ried, 18.)8, to Dr, James Boyle, and after-
ward residell in Xew York city. (At the
time of her representation in Vol. YII.,
the facts of her marriage, etc., were not in
po<.;se
sion of the editors, and con,-equelltly
she appears HUlkr her maiden and be
t-
known name.) "
rote" )fy Childhood "
(lk:}2), "}Iy Stepmother" (1:''::)7), amI
'
oems." IIe
mo
fam.iliar piece is" Tl:.e
"\ Olee of the (.rwss. DIed, ); ew "1ork, );.
Y., 1G :\Iar., 1RfjÛ.
ROBINSON, Annie Douglas [Green],
"}Iarian Douglas," b. Plymouth, X. II.,
YOLo
I.-3ì
12 Jan., 1842. Early remowd to Bristol, X.
II., and afterward resided there. \Vas mar-
ried, 11:)7.. to Frank \V. Robinson. A con-
tributor of yerse and prose to the magazines,
and author of "Picture Poems." for chil-
dren (1872), and" Peter and Polly," story
(18.6).
ROBINSON, Edward, scholar, b. Sonth-
ington, Conn., 10 ApriJ, 1,94. Gmduated
at Hamilton college. After study in Eu-
rope, was appointed professor of sacred lit-
erature at Andover, l
aO, and edited the
.. Biblical Repository." Appointed profes-
sor of biblical literature in L nion theologi-
cal seminary, Xew York, 1837. In 1838 amI
1802 explored Pal.estine with the Rev. Eli
Smith. Published a number of translations
amI editions of theological and other works,
and \\ rote "Biblical Re,.:earches in Pales-
tine" (1841) and "Later Researches" (U,.)6),
"Physical Geography of the Holy Land"
was brought out posthumously in 18G.3.
Died, Xew York, };, Y., 2. Jan., 18G3.
ROBINSON, Tracy, b. ClarPlldon, Or-
leans Co., X. Y., 22 Del'.. 1
3;J. :-;tudied at
Rochester university. \Yas superintendent
and general agent of railroads in Tennes-
see and Luuisiana until 18(j1, when he en-
tered the employ of the Panama railroad at
the isthmus of Panama, and was its fiF<cal
and shipping agent until 1874. Subse-
quently engaged in private 1usiness at Colon
and Sew York city. A wI'iter for the maga-
zines, and author of ,. Rong of the Palm,
and Other Poems" (18t48).
ROCHE, James Jeffrey, journalist. b.
Queens Co.. Ireland, 31 )lay, 184,. Was
soon after brought to Prince Edward Island.
Studied at:->t. Dunstan's college. Remowll
to Boston, :\Ia:;:;., 18m.>. where he engagell
in commercial pur"uits. In 1kR:J became as-
sistant editor of the Boston "Pilot," Be-
sides writing for the magazines, issued
" Songs and Satires" (181).).
ROE, Edward Payson, clel"!uman, h.
l\loodna, Xew \nndsor. Orange Co.,
. Y"
7 :Mar., 18
::;. Studied at Williams, not
graduating on account of trouble with his
eyes. Took a theologieal course at the r nion
theological seminary, and seryed as chaplain
in the U. S. volunteers from 1
(j2 to 1
(j;j.
In the latter year accepted the pa,.:torate of
a Pre,-hyteri.Ul church at Highland Falls,
X. Y. Ili
fir:..:t nowl, .. Barriers Bumell
_\way" (1
72), \\as the outcome of a yi,-it to
Chicago just after the great fire. It origi-
nally appeared as a serial in the X. 1.
" Evan
elist." The Sllccess of this find ful-
lowing
books, and failing hcalt h. inlluced
him to re
ign his pa,-torate, and he pur-
chased a farm at Coru\\ull, X. Y.. where his
If'ÏsuI"C time wasuccupil',1 with the <,ulti\a-
tiou of small fruit!':. :-,ome of his num('rous
works are "Ol'eniu!::, a Che:-:tnut Burr "
(18.4), .,
\ Knight of the Xinctpenth Cen-
578
ROG ERS-R USH.
tury" (1877), "Success with Small Fruits"
(1880), "A 1 oung Girl's Wooing" (1884),
" X ature's Serial titory "(1
t'.)), and "
Iiss
Lou" (1888). Died, Cornwall, X. 1., 19
J ulv, l
N.
ROGERS, John, clergyman. b. Cogge-
shall, Essex, EnglaIllI, ahout 1{j:30. Broug-ht
to Xew England. waG. Graduate<l at Ilar-
yard, Preached at I pswil"h, )1u:..::-:. ,and after-
ward practised nH'<1icine there. 'Vas elected
president of IIarnml,
\.priI. Hi
:?, an<1 was
in::,talled, Aug., 108:1. The only one of his lit-
crary productions ,,'hich has sun-iYed is a
complimentary poem I:refixe<1 to )Irs. Anne
Bradstreet's .. Poems,' Died. Camhridge.
l\Iass., 2 July, 10tJ4.
ROHLFS, Anna Xatharine [Green], b.
Brooklnl, N. 1., 11 Sov., 1846. Studied at
Ripley"female college. Poultney, Yt. l\Iade
an immediate succe
s with hp!' first novel.
"The LeaYenworth {'ase" (1S7t!). 'Yas
married, 1884, to (,harles Rohlfs and suh-
sequently removed to Buffalo. X. 1, Some
of her works are .. The Defence of the
Bride, and Other Poems" (1
2), "nand
and Ring" (1:;
:l), "The
Iill )[ystery"
(1tJt!0), and .. Risifi's Daughter," drama
(1
H7).
ROLFE, John, colonist. Sailed for Yir-
ginia in the Sea renillre with Sir Thoma
Gates, from Plymouth. England, 1 June.
100!). Stramlell on the lkrnllllla,..:, reaching
Jamestown.
rav, 1610. "-a
the first colo-
nist to plaut tohàcco, in 1612. )Iarried Poca-
hontas, who was his secon<1 "ife. 5 Arl'il.
lG14. Yi::,ited England with her in 1G16.
was appointed secretaryallll rccordcr-gene-
Tal of Yirginia, and returne<1 to the colony
in )Iay, Hil,. Pocahontas having diet} in
Gmvesend harbur on the return vO
-Hge.
::\Iany promincnt Southcrn familics trace
thcir descent from her daughter. His letter
to Sir Thumas Dale wa
printed in Ralph
Hamor's" True Discour
e," puhli...hed in
lG1,). He married a thir<l "ife, who surYiYCd
}lim, Died, Yirginia, 1{i
.
ROLLINS, Alice [Wellington], h. Bu::,-
ton, l\Iass., 12 June, 1847. Was ec1u
ated by
her father, Ambrose "
ellington. After
spending some time in Eurolle, I"he was mar-
ried, 1870, to Daniel )1. n(}lIin
of X ew 10rk
eitv, where she afterwartl re"il1ed. Some of
hei. books are "The Ring of ..Amethyst."
poems (1878), "The Story of a Ranch '.
(l
S,)). "The Three Teton;;;" (ltJtJ,), and
"CncIe Tom's Tenement" (lH
).
ROOSEVELT, Theodore, legi
lator, b.
Kew York, R. Y., 27 Oct.,1
,)8. Graduated
at Harvard. Soon after entered the X. Y.
legislature, where he dbtinguished himself
by effecting state and municipal reforms.
"
as appointed L. S. cÏ\ il-
enice cornmis-
;Ïoner by Pre:;irlent I1arri
on in 1tJtJfI. Au-
thor of" History of the Xaval 'Yar of 1812"
(1882), ,. lluntiÌlg Trips of a Ranchman"
(1
(j), "Essa v
on Practical Politics"
(18:-:1'1)
and "The Winning of the West"
(188n).
ROOT, George Frederick, composer, b.
Sheffield. l\Ia
s., 30 _\.ug., It;20. HeceiYed
a common-f.dlOol education, and studied
mu
ic while working on a farm. Became an
instructor in mu:o:ic at Boston. Remoyed to
X ew York. 1t!4..!, amI to Chieago, l1:)GO. where
he founded the music-publishin
firm of
Root &. ÜHh-. Thi
firm. which owed much
of its succè::,s to Root's own song:o:. was
brought to an end hy the
reat Chicago fire.
IIis fir
t song, .. Hazel Dell," appeared in
185:3. and .. The Battle Cry of Freedom"
wa
first sung by the IIut
hinson family at
a mas
-meeting in Xew York city. Other
popular songs are "Tramp, Tramp,
rramp, ,. and "J ust Before the Battle.
.M other."
ROSE, Aquila, b. England, ahout Hi!!.'l.
EmigTated to America when he reached
manllOod. Is f1tyorably spoken of hy Frank-
lin in the latter's ., Autobiography." 'Vas
clerk of the Pennsylvania assembly at the
time of his death. 'His ,. Poems on'Seyeral
Ûcca::,ions" (1740) were issued post humou;;ly
by his son, Joseph Ro;;e. Died, Philadel-
phia. Penn., 22 .Aug., 1723.
ROWLANDSON, Mary [White]. The
dates and places of her birth and tleath are
not known. She was the wife of HeY. Jo-
seph Rowlandson, fir
t pastor of Lancaster,
::\Iass., and was tal
en captive by Indians at
the tll'struction of that town. 10 Feb.. 1G,li.
Hcr sufferings while II prisoner are related in
her book, " A Xarrative of the Captiyit)- and
Regtouration of )[rs.
Iary Rowlandson"
(1082), whieh pas:;ed through many edi-
tions.
ROWSON, Susanna [Haswell], b. Ports-
mouth. England, 17G2. Came tu Ameriea in
17{j7 wit h her father, who was a British rev-
enue ollie-er, and who re,..:ided at Xantue-ket.
las
., until banished for his political \'Ìews
during the Reyolution. The daughter mar-
ried in London 'Yilliam Row
on. band-
master of the Royal glUll'<I
. and with him
rdurncd to _-\.mcrica in 17Da, where she fol-
lowcd the profession uf an actress for four
years. Subsequently comlucted It school for
girls until1
:?2, for mo,..:t of the time at Bos-
ton. )Iass. Besides her noyels, one of which,
"('harlotte Temple: or, a Tale of Truth"
(l7DO), gained great popularity, she wrute
several plays. in some of which she actefl.
.Author of ,.
Iiscellaneous Poems" (ltlO!).
Died, Boston, .l\Iass., 2 Mar.. 11:)24.
RUSH, Benjamin, physician, b. Byberry,
near Philadel phia, Penn.,
-! Dec., 1,45.
Graduated at the college of Kew .Jersey, and
studied medicine at Edinburgh. Began
practice in Philadelphia, 17G9. Was medi-
cal professor at the university of Pennsyl-
yania for forty-four years. Delegate to the
RUSSELL-SA Y AG E.
579
Continental cong"re
. allll !'igned the Dec-
laration of Indepenllence. Surgeon-general
in the American armv, 1ì77-8. Trea
urer
of the U. S. mint, i'ì99-1813. He wrote
many medical works. and a volume of
" Es
ays" (1 i98). Died, Philadelphia,
Penn., 19 April, 1813.
RUSSELL, Irwin, b. Port Gibson.
'Miss., 3 J nne, 1833. One of the earliest
Southern writers to make a literary use of
negro character. Led an unsettied life,
and in volyed himself in much
uffering-.
His dialect and other Yerse was collef'ted af-
ter his death and puhli
hed as ,. POf'ms"
(1888). Died, Kew Orleans, La., 23 Dec.,
18,9.
RYAN, Abram Joseph, Father Ryan, L.
Korfolk, Va., 1.) Aug., 1
:J9. Entered the
Roman Catholic priesthood, and served
through the cÏ\-il war as chaplain in the
Confederate army, writing a number of pop-
ular war poems during and after that strug-
gle. Editcd nlrious religious journals. and
held a pastorate for !'ome years at Mobile,
Ala. A volume of "Poems" appearell in
18
O. Died, I.Joub,-ille, Ky., 22 April. I
HG.
SAGE, Adoniram Judson, clergyman
and educator, b. )Ia
:,illon, 0., 29 )lar.,
11-3
(j. Graduated at Roche4er uni,-ersity.
Pa
tor of a church at Hartford, Conn.,
18i2-S4. Previously filled the chair of Latin
in Hochester unh-e'rsity, and was professor
in Mor
an Park theologif'al seminary, Chi-
cago. from 1884 to 18
1;. Contributed poems
and artides to the periodicak
SALTUS, Edgar Evertson, b. X ew
York. N. Y., 8 June, IH.)
. \\Tas educate(l
at Europcan unh-crsitie
. and graduated at
the Columbia law !'chool. Gan: much time
to the study of pessimi
tic philosophy.
Author of .. Balzac," a hiography (11-31-\-1).
.. The Philosophy of Di
enchantment"
(1
H,)). ., The Anatomy of Xegation" (1H8(i),
and of ,. )11'. Incoul's 1IIi;;alh'cnture ,. (1
8,)
and several other nm-eIs.
SALTUS, Francis Salt us, b. K ew York,
N. Y., 23 Nov., 1849. Brother of Eo E. Sal-
tus. Passed much of his life in Europe.
Contributed largely in prose allli verse to
the periodical
. and b:-:ued "Honey and
Gall," poems (UmJ). I.Jeft several volumes
of poetry and a ,. Life of Donizetti" in
manuscript at his death. "
h,Hlows and
Iùeals. Poems," appeared in H.mo. Died,
TaJ'l.'ytown. X. Y.. 2:) June, 18stl.
SANBORN, Franklin Benjamin, jour-
nalist, b. Hampton Falls. N. H,. 1:) Dec"
1
31. Graduated at Harnud. Was elected
secretary of the J\lassflchusetts state Kansas
committee in 1856. lIe was after 18f;:
fre-
quently a member of the :\Ia
a('hu
etts
state hoard of charitie;;, in which he held im-
portant offices and inaugurated numerous
reforms. One of the founders of the Ameri-
can social science R&>ociation, and of the
Concord school of philosophy, in hoth of
which organizations he held the position of
secretary for long period:-:. Became a mem-
ber of the Springfielll. )Ia:-::;.. "Hepubli-
can" staff in l
üt3. Be:-:ides many reports as
secretary of associations. he contributed to
the periòdicals, and brought out a " Life of
Thoreau ., (1882) and ., I.Jife and Letters of
John Brown" (1885).
SANDERSON, John, b. near Carlisle,
Penn., 1 it':1. Pl'Ofessor of Latin and Greek
in the Philadelphia high school. 183ti--U.
Issued "Sketches of Paris" (l
tl8, repub-
Ibhed as .. The American in Paris '') and
" The American in London," the latter in
the "Knickerhocker )Iagazine." Died,
Philadelphia, Penn., 5 _\.pril, 1
.lt.
SANDS, Robert Charles, journalist, b.
Flatbush, L. 1.. 11 )Iay, 17t19. Gmduatell
at Columbia. Edited in college .. The )101'-
a list " and .. Academic Rccreations. .. "-as
admitted to the bar in 1820. Contributed
verse and prose to the pa per:-:. and :-taJ"Ìed the
.. :;t. Tamman ,. )la
a/.Îne." In 1
24 e:-:tab-
lbhed the .. Atlantic ::\Iagazine," which he-
came the" Xew York He,-iew." of which he
'HlS co-editor with ,nlliam ('ullen Brvant.
11)2.3-7. An editor of the X. Y. .. Conimer-
cial Adnrtiser," 1
:?i-H
. With Brmnt
and y erplanck i
suetl the ., Talisman .". an-
nual, 1
:?
-30. In utl<<lition to contrihutions
to periodicals he wrote a "Life of Paul
.10nes" (18:]1). His collected .. 'Y riting-s "
were i
sued, with a nlf'moir, by Gulian
C.
Yerplanck in 11)34. Died, Hoboken, X. J"
17 Dec., 1
H2.
SANGSTER, Margaret Elizabeth
[Munson], h. Xew Rochelle, X. y" 2
Feb.,
1
38. 'Vas married, 11-3.)
, to George Sang-
ster, Bceanw
uccessiYeh' a!'sociate editor of
theX. Y." Hearth and iIome," "Christian
at ,,- ork." und ., Chri:-,tian Intelli
encer."
Editor of .. Harper's Young People, ;"113t':?-9,
and in 1
!J
ucceeded )lan" L. Booth as
e(litor of .. Harper's Bazar:" .\.uthor of
.. Poems of the Hou
ehold" (1:-;t'2) flud
"Home Fairies and Heart Flowers" (181),).
SARGENT, Epes, b, Glouce:-:ter,
Ia;;:-:.,
2ì
cpt.. 1
t:J. SllHlied at IIanard. Be-
came a
i
tant edit or of t he X. Y. .. ::\Iirror, "
1
39, and editor of the Bo:-:ton "Eyening
Transcript," 1846. :Subsequently de,'oted
him;;elf entirely to literary work. His
.. Bride of (.enoa" (1H:Hi) aml other of his
plays were !'uel"e:-:
fully produced. Edited
numerou,; reprints of English works, and
wrote" Life of Henry Clay" (18-1:J), "Songs
of the Sea." (1847), "Arctic Adventures"
(18.3,), and sèyeral novels. Died, Boston,
)la
s" 31 Dec., 18
O.
SA V AGE, Minot Judson, clergyman, b.
Xorridg-ewock, 1I1e., 10 June, It;41. Stud-
ied at Bowdoin college, and graduated at the
Bangor. )Ie., theological seminary. In 18,4
became pastor of the ,. Church of the Unity"
580
SA WYER-SCOTT.
at Bo!'ton, )Iass. Author of "Bluffton,"
nOYel (1878), "Poems" (1882), and numer-
ous religious works.
SAWYER, Charles Carroll, composer,
b. Mystic, Conn., 22 April, 1
39. His fam-
ily removed to Brooklyn, 1\. Y., in 1
48, and
he afterward resided there. His song
" 'Vhen this Cruel \Yar is Over" was written
in the autumn of 1861, and over one million
copies were !'old. Some of his other popular
songs are" Swinging in the Lane" (1::;66),
" Peeping Through the Bars" (1887). and
" At those Lovely Gates of Pearl" (1890),
SAXE, John Godfrey, b. Highgate, Vt.,
2 June, 1816. Graduated at
Iiddlebury col-
lege. Entered the bar, 1843. In 1
30 bought
the Burlington, Vt" "Sentinel," and con-
ducted it for six years. Attorney-general of
Vermont and ùeputy collector of customs,
1
;;(i. Twice nominated as Democratic can-
didate for governor of Yermont, but faÏleù
of election. \\
rote allllleC'tured con!'idera-
bly; thenedite(1 the Albany, X. Y., .. Ewn-
ing Journal." Ilis humorous ver
es ap-
peared frequently in the" Knickerbocker"
anù in "Harper's :l\1agazine," and he occa-
sionally read poem
before college anù other
societies. Is
ueù "Progress, a Satirical
Poem" (1846), "Humorous and Satirical
Poems" (1
.)O), "The Money King, mul
Other Poems " (1839), "The )Ias(Juerade,
and Other Poems" (1866), "Poems ' (1868),
., Fahles and Legenùs of )Iany Countries"
(113.2), and" Leisure-Dav Rhymes" (1875).
Died. Albany, X. Y., 31 )[ar., 1881.
SAXTON, Andrew Bice, b.l\Iiùùlefif'ld,
No Y., 5 April, 1856. Engaged in tea('h-
ing, and subsequently accepteù an edito-
rial position on the Oneonta, N. Y., "IIer-
alù." A contributor of poetry to the maga-
zines.
SCHAFF, Philip, divine, b. Coire, bwit-
zerland, 1 Jan., 1819, Educated at the uni-
versities of Tübingen, Halle, anù Berlin.
Theological lecturer in Berlin univer
ity,
1842-4. Became professor of church history
and exegesis in the theological seminary at
)Iercersburg, Penn., 1844. In 1
.)4 visited
Europe as the representative of the German
churches of America in the conventions
held at Frankfort and Basle, In 1862 was
appointeù lecturer on ecclesiastical history
at Anùover, and in 1/)70 professor of apolo-
getics and symholics in the Union theologi-
cal seminary of :K ew York city, where he
resided after 1863. Was presi<lent of the
American Bible revision committee of 1/)71.
Editeù several important works. including
the English translation of Lange's" Criti-
cal Commentary on the Bible," in 24 yol-
umes, Some of his manv books are "His-
tory of the Christian Church" (1858-
8),
"Hevi!'ion of the Engli..;h \T ersion of the
:Kew Testament" (1t;74). ., Hi40ry and Col-
lection of the Creeds of Christendom" (1876),
"Dictionary of the Bible" (1880), "Church
and State in the U nitetl States" (1888), and
"Literature and Poetry" (1890).
SCHOOLCRAFT, Henry Rowe, eth-
nologist, b, Watervliet, N.Y., 29l\lar., 1793.
Graduated at U nion. Was appointeù Intlian
agent at Suult Ste. l\Iarie, 1
22, where he
marrietl the grandùaughter of an Ojibway
chief, who haù been eùucated in Europe.
Issued" Xotes on the Iroquois" (184G-8),
" Personall\Iemoirs of a Thirty Years' Resi-
dence with the Indian Tribes" (1
51), "His-
torical and Stati
tical Information Respect-
ing the History, Condition, and Prospects
of the Indian Tribes of the C nited States"
(1851-5), and" The l\Iyth of Hiawatha, amI
Other Oml Legends" (1
56). Died, 'V ash-
ington, D. C., 10 Dec., 1864.
SCHOULER, James, lawyer, b. West
Cambritlge, now Arlington, Mass., 20 l\Iar.,
1839. Graduated at Haryartl. Entered the
bar at Boston, l\Iass., where he afterward
praetised. In 1884 became lecturer at the
Boston unh-ersitv law school. Besides sev-
eral legal works, wrote "History of the
United States unùer the Constitution"
(1880-90).
SCHURZ, Carl, journalist, b. Liblar,
near Cologne, Germany, 2l\Iar., 1829. Stud-
ied at t})e university of Bonn, which he left
to join the reYolution of 1
49. Came to
America in 1
32, and took fln actin part in
politics among the \Vestern German Ameri-
cans, as a Republican. \Vas appointed
U. S. minister to Spain by Presitient Lin-
coln, hut resigned amI entered the Union
army, becoming major-general of volun-
teers. \Vas U. S. senator from l\Iissouri,
18G9-'ì5, and secretary of the interior under
President Haves. After the war edited
new!'papers in'Detroit, St. Louis, and New
York citro ..Author of "Speeches" (1865)
anti" Life of Henry Clay " (188
).
SCHUYLER, Eugene, diplomatist, b.
Ithaca,
. Y., 2G Feb., 1840. Graduateù at
Yale, anti entereù the bar. \Yas U. S. con-
sul, consul-general, antl secretary of lega-
tion in various European countries from
It;6G to 1
2, when he recehoed the mission
to Greece, Senia. and Roumania. Returned
to the United States in It)
4. Author of
,. Turkestan" (18'ìG), "Peter the Great"
(1$84), and "American Dip,lomacy anti the
Furtherance of Commerce ' (1
U).
SCOLLARD, Clinton, educator, b. Clin-
ton. Oneida Co., X. Y., 18 Sept., 1860.
Graùuatetl at Hamilton college, and pur-
sued graduate studies at Hanard. In 1888
became assi
tant professor of rhetoric at
Hamilton. Author of " Pictures in Song"
(1884), "With Reed and Lyre" (1!:\8(j), and
,. Old and X ew World Lyrics" (1
88).
Scott, Winfield [Xotetl Saying: Y 01.
XI., p.4.>4], b. near Petersburg, Va., 13
June, 17
6. Commander-in-chief of the U.
SCOTTO W-SEW ALL.
581
S. army, 1841-61. Died, West Point, N. Y.,
29 :\Iay, 18(j6.
SCOTTOW, Joshua, merchant, b. Eng-
land, about 1G1.j. He was aùmitted to mem-
bership in the Olù church at Boston, )Iass.,
19 l\Iav, 1U39, and was a resident of Boston
for thè remainùer of his life. Author of
"Old
len's Fears for their own Declen-
sions" (1691) and "A Xarratiye of the
Planting of the ::.\Iassachusetts Colony"
(1U9-1). Died. Boston, Mass.. 20 Jan., lU9S.
SCUDDER, Horace Elisha, b. Boston,
Mass., 16 Oct., 18:38. Graduated at Wil-
liams. Taught school in
ew York city for
three Years, and then removell to Boston,
tlevoti;lg himself exclusively to literary
work. lIe hall written considerably for
chilùren, including" ::;even Little People "
stories (18(j
) anll .. Dream Children" (1
G3).
when in 1867 he assumell the ellitorship of
the "lU versiùe :L\Iagazine for Young Peo-
pIe." Continucll in this position for four
vearsand was afterwarù associatell with the
firm of Houghton, l\1ifflin & Co. Succeeded
::\lr. Aldrich as editor of the "Atlantic
::\Ionthly." 18!J0. Issued" Stories froml\Iy
Attic" (11-3(;9), "The Bodley Books" for
children (1875-8i), "The Dwellers in FÏ\-e-
Sisters Court" (1R76), "l\len nnd l\Ianners
in America" (18ì(.)). .. t-itories and Ro-
mances" (1
:-;O). .. The Children's Book"
(1H
1). "Boston Town" (1881), "Life of
Noah \V ebster" (11)82), .. II istory of the
United States" (1884). "":\Ien and Letters"
(1888), and joint author with :\lrs. Bayard
Taylor of "Life and Letters of Bayard
Taylor" (188...1).
SCULL, Nicholas, surveyor, b. near
Philadelphia, Penn., 1G87. Was a friend of
Franklin, who mentions him in his "
\.uto-
bi()graphy" as a member of the "Junto,"
formerly called the" Leather Apron Club."
lIe afterward became surveyor-general of
Penns,-lvania. Publishell "Kawanio Che
Keetei.u," a metrical satire, in 1 ì.j(j. Died,
Philadelphia, Penn., 1 ì62.
SEARING, Laura Catherine [Redden],
" IIowanl Glyndon, " b. Somerset Co., )ld.,
9 Feb., 1t;-10. Became deaf at the age of
ten, awl lost the power of speech, though
she afterward reg-aineù the latter. \V rote
much for the Ilew
l'aper:,; as corresponrlent
and editor. \Vas married, 1tiìG, to .Edward
\V. Searing of Xew York city, remO\-ing-to
California in 1R
(). hsued" lllvis of Bat-
tIe" (1 Hli-!) and" Sounds from Secret Cham-
ùers " (18ì3).
SEARS, Edmund Hamilton, clergy-
man, b. Sandisfielù, l\Ias,;., 1810. Gradu-
ated at euion college. Entered the Uni-
tarian ministry and wa,; pa
tor of several
churches in ::.\Ia,;sachusetts. Edited the
"310nthly Religious 31agazinc" for some
years. Author of .. Regeneration ,. (1
.j;
),
"Pictures of the Olùen Timc" 0:-)37).
"Christian Lyrics" (1860), and "Sermons
and Songs of the Christian Life" (1875).
Died, Weston, :\Iass., 14 Jan.. 1876.
SECCOMB, John, clergyman, b. ::\Ied-
ford, )lass., 25 April, 1708. Graduated at
Harvard. Preached in the town of Harvard,
:\lass., from 1.33 to 17.')7, and at Chester,
Xom Scotia. from 1.63 nntil his death. His
., Father Abbey's Will " was written in 1730,
and it was published in the" Gentleman's
:\Iagazine " for 1 ì32 as a specimen of
\mer-
ican humorous poetry, Two of his sermons
were subsequently issued. Died, Chester,
K ova Scotia. 1792.
SEDG WICK, Catherine Maria, b.
Stockbridge, 1\1ass., 28 Dec., 1789. Daugh-
ter of Judge Theoùore Sedgwick. Was prin-
cipal of a ladies' school at Stockbridge for
half a century. Her first two novels. anony-
mously publÍshed, .. AX('w England Tale-"
(18
2) and .. Redwood ., (1
4), were so suc-
cessful that she continued to write. In ad-
dition to magazine matter she brought out
"The Traveller" (1
25), .. Hope Leslie,
or Early Times in :\Ins<sachu::-etts" (lti27),
., Clarence, a Tale of Uur Own Times"
(1830), .. Le Bossu" (1832), .. The Lin-
woods, or Sixtv "Lears Since in America "
(1t;;{;J), .. Tales awl Sketches" (18:3.'), new ed.
18.;8), "The Poor Rich
Ian and the Rich
Poor :\Ian" (1836). .. Live and Let Live"
(11:337), "A Loye-Token for Children ,. (1t;3ì),
"::\leans and Ends, or Self-Training"
(1t;3ì), .. Letters From .Abroad" (11)41),
"Historical Sketches of the Old Paint-
ers" (11)-11), "\nlton HUlTey, auù Uther
Tales" (18-1;)), "l\Ioral
of ::.\Ianners "(1
46),
"Facts and Fancies" (H;41:;) , and ":\Iar-
ried or Single?" (l
.jì). Died, Ilear H.ox-
bury, :\Iass., 31 July, l
Gj.
SEW ALL, Harriet [Winslow], b. Port-
land, ::.\Ie.. ;30 June, 1819. Of Quakcr de-
scent. \Vas married, 18-18, to Charles Li!<t,
of Philaùelphia; and in U-.Jì to Samuel E.
Sewall, of Boston, :\Ias,;., where she suhse-
quently resided. Author of the poem" Why
thus IJonging?" "Poems,,, ith a 1\1emoir
by .Ednah f), Cheney," appeared in 188!}.
Die,l, Wellesley, ::\Iass., Feb., 1889.
SEW ALL, Jonathan Mitchel, la" yer,
b. Salem, )lu
., 1.4
. Graduated at Har-
yal'll. Entered a business life, which he
abandoneel for the law. \Yas register of pro-
bate for Graftollcounh-, X. II.. in lì74, and
subsequently removed'to Portsmouth in the
same statc. Is remembered for a popular
I{evolutionary ballad, anù for his couplet
containing- the words .. no pent-up rtic'a. "
Author of ")IiseellaIlPous Poems" (1
01).
Died, Portsmouth, X. Ir.,
9 31m'., 1
(J
.
SEWALL, Samuel, juri
t, h, Bi
hop-
Stoke, or llasingstoke, England,
1) ":\Iar.,
16::>
. "Y as brought to America hy his mo-
ther, arriving at llo
ton, July, 1(j61. Gmdu-
ated at Hananl. Studied for the ministry,
582
SEW ARD-SHEP ARD.
but his marriage with the daughter of John
II ull, mint-master of the )lassachusetts col-
ony, turned him to secular pursuits. He had
charge of the Boston printing-press for some
three years, became an assistant in 1G8-1,
and was annually chosen a member of the
gowrnor's counc'il from 1G9:? to 1 .23. Was
eleC'ted judge of the :\1assachusett5 surerior
court in 1G9:?, and chief-justice, 1118, hold-
ing office until 1 .28, and was probate judge
of ::;uffolk county from 1.1:) to the same
year. He was a niember of the special court
of oyer amI terminer, appointed to conduct
the witchcraft trials at ::;alem, 1üu
. Fiye
ears later, haying become convinced of his
error, he stood up in church while his
"Written confession an(1 rf'que:<t for forgÌ\-e-
ness was read. Ln 1üH9 ::;ewall was ap-
pointed a commissioner of the society for
propagating the gospel among the Indians.
lIe publisheJ an anti-slavery tract, "The
SeHingofJoseph" (1.00), "Pro,.;pects touch-
ing the
\.ccomplishment of Prophecies"
(1.13), ".A )1emorial Relating to the Ken-
nebcc Indians" (1.21), and" A. Description
of the Xew Heaven" (172;). His diary, CO\.-
ering a period of fifty-five years, was is
ued
in three volumes by the )1ass. Hist. Soc.
(1t
.8-S2), which ha; also puhli,.;hed his let-
ter-book, both containing valuable records
of and comments on events of the perioJ
covered. Died, Boston,
1ass., 1 Jan.,
1.:30.
SEWARD, William Henry, statesman,
b. Florida, Orange Co., :N. Y., lü)1ay, ISO!.
GradlHLtpd at L nion college. Entered the
bar, 1
:3, and settled in _\uburn, X, Y.
'Vas elee.ted to the state senate, 18:30, and
nominated for governor in 1
3-1, when he
was ddeated, Imt was succe;:sful in l:):JH,
and again in 18-10. Became aU. S. senator
in 18-19, being alrcaJy kno" n as a promi-
nent aholitionist lea(ler. 'Vas reëlecìc(l to
the L. S. senate, 18.3.3, and sllpporte(l Fré-
mont for the presidency in lS.")G. 'Vas a
candidate for that ofHce in tho convention
"Which nominated Lincoln. bv whom hc was
afterward appointed secretal:y of state. Re-
fused to accept df'spatches in which Eng-
land and France claimed tho right of neu-
trality during the ch.il war, allel rejectea
the French emperor's suggcstion of meelia-
tion. "
hile conyalescing- from an accic1ent,
was stahbed at the time of Lincoln's as-
!'a,.;,..ination hy one of the con
pirator
,
hut recm.ereel after severe sutfering. As
Pre,.;ident Johnson's !'ecretary of :,;tate, sup-
ported the latter's reconstruction policy
awl negotiated t ho a('CJ.ui
ition of
\.la:,;ka in
1t.'G.. Hetirell from office in 1
(j8.
\.. jour-
IlL'\'" aroullll tho world in 18.0 b described
in' .. Tra,yels Around the "T orIel" (issued
po,.;thumously, 11'1.3). 'Vrote "Life aml Puh-
lie :-;plTiep,> of .T ohn Quiney _\.clam" "(1R-1f1).
.An edition of his ""r orks " was published
in five volumes, 1853-84. Died, Auburn,
. Y., 10 Oct., 1872.
SHANLY, Charles Dawson, journali!'t,
b. Dublin, Ireland, 9 .Mar., 11::\11. Gradu-
ated at Trinity college, Dublin. Emigrated
to Canada and settled in X ew York city,
where he became a constant contributor to
the periodicals. His poem .. The Fancy
Shot," or .. Ci,-il 'Val'," appeared in the
London "Once a "
eek" early in the war.
Author of several humorous books. Died,
Arlington, Fla., 15 Aug" 18.3,
SHAW, Henry Wheeler, "Josh Bil-
lings," b. Laliesborough, )1ass., 21 April,
1818. Began writing humorous articles in
phonetic spelling about 18(iO. IIis burle,.;que
"Farmers' Allminax" (lHiO) had a great
vogue during ten years. Delh-erecl humor-
ous lectures from 186:3 onwarc1. Author of
" Josh Billings, IIis Sayings" (ll-:iGli), and
"Josh Billings, His Works" (1S.Ü). Died,
)1onterey, Ca!., 14 Oct., 188.3.
SHAW, John, physician, b. Annapolis,
l\Id., 431ay, 1 i.
. Graduated at S1. John's
college. Stmlie(1 meclicine in Philadelphia
and Edinburgh. 'Vas for a time surgeon in
the U. S. navy, and afterward practised at
Baltimore. IIis "Poems" (1810) were is-
sued posthumously. Dietl 011 a ,.oyago to
the Bahamas, 10 Jan., 1809.
SHEA, John Gilmary, b. Xew York. X,
Y.,
July, 18
-1. Wa
br('d to the law, but
occupied himself chiefly with literary pur-
suit
, having written and edited numerous
historical works, Connected in an editorial
capacity with several Catholic and secular
periodicals. IIis most important books are
""'rhe Di:<cO\-ery and Exploration of the
:MÌ:5sissipl'i Yalley" (18;):3), "History of the
Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes
of the G nited States" (1
;;-1), and" Catholic
Church in Colonial Days" (1886),
SHEDD, William Greenough Thayer,
theologian, b.
\..cton, 31as,;., 21 June, 18;!,ü.
GracluateLl at the uniwrsity of Yermont.
Held sHera] l'rofessor,;hip,.; until 1863, when
he became professor of biiJlicalliterature in
the Union theological seminary, a,.;suming
the chair of systematic tJlf>ologr in 18.4.
llesic1es translations of Gprman treatise!', is
the aut hor of a numher of t heolodcal works.
including .. A IIi:<tory of C'Jn:i,.;tian Doc-
trine" (18(i3) and "Doctrine of Endless
Punishment" (188.3).
SHEPARD, Thomas, clerg
.man, b.
Towcester, Xorthamptonshire, Lngland, .j
o,.., 160."). Graduated at Cambridge uni-
versity. Preached at Earls-Colne. E,;sex,
being silonced for non-conformity in Hì30
and Hi:J:3. Sailed from Gra\"eseml in the De-
fence, reaching BOf;ton, Oct., 163:). Suc-
ceecled Hooker in the pastorate at Cam-
hriclg-e, )Ia!',;., Feb., 1(iß(i, which position he
held until hi" dl'ath. \\'as in,.;trumental in
the lucation ûf Harvard college at l'am-
SHEP HERD-SIGO CR.1.YE
583
bridge, and rendered the college many :,er-
vices. A collective edition of his numerous
treati
es, etc., appeared at Boston, It)53.
Died, Cambridge, Mass.. 2.) Aug., 1U49.
SHEPHERD, Nathaniel Graham,
journalist, b. Sew York, X. Y., 1
3.j. En-
tered the insurance business in that city.
". as a war correspondent for the S. Y.
" Tribune" during a portion of the ci viI war,
and.afterwal'll followed journalism. Author
of several popular war-poem
, including
,. Roll-Call.' Died, Sew York, N. y" 23
)1ay, 1SG9.
SHERIDAN, Philip Henry, soldier, b.
Albany, X. Y., G :1\1ar., 1831. Graùuateù at
'Yest Point. After several years' service in
the e. S. army in 'Yestern states, he was ap-
pointe<l captain, )1ay, 18(i1. lIe was put in
command of the cm-a]ry corps of the army
of the Potomac, April, 1
G-!. ha,-ing then
risen to the grade of major-general of volun-
teers. For his Shenandoah campaign, in
which his f'elebratell ride occurred, he was
made major-general in the regular army,
Xm"., I
G-1, and received the thanks of con-
gres;;. Took a prominent part in the dosing
manæm-res of the war. On the retirement
of General Sherman, 1883, he became g-en-
eral-in-chief of the r. N. army, and in It!88
cong"re
,.; restored and be;;to,,:ed on him the
rank of general. to exist during his lifetime.
"Þersonal :\[emoirs of P. II. Sheridan"
appeared, 1
88. Died, Xonquitt, )1a;;;;., ;)
Aug., 18S8,
SHERMAN, Frank Dempster, b, Peeks-
kill, X. Y., G :\1ay, 1t-:60. Received the de-
gree of Ph. B. from Columbia, and after-
ward
tudied at II
ll"\-ard, BecaIne a fellow
of Columbia, lkl"j, and sub
equently in-
structor of the department of architef'turc
in the same colh'ge. Author of" :\1adrigals
and Catches" (l!-;
j) and a mlume of chil-
eh'en's poem
, and joint author with John
Kellllrick Bangs of" Xew 'Yaggings of Old
Tales" (1
8
).
SHERMAN, William Tecumseh, sol-
dier, b. Lancaster, 0.,8 Feh" IH20. Gradu-
ated at West Point in 1840. Served as :-:ec-
o 111 I lieu tenan t, 3. I artillelT, in Florida. com-
manlling a <letachment ìn Picolata, 1S41.
"
as adjutant-geneml to Gen. S. 'Yo Kearny
in the )1exican wnr. VHti. Became cal,tain.
18.ïO, hut resigned in 18.3:3 to mannge a bank
in San Francisco. Practised law in Leaven-
worth, Kan., 1
."j8-9. f'uperintendent of
!"tate military a,'adem)" at Alexandria. La.,
lsl)O. 'Vhen that stflte
e('eded, joined the
l
nion forces. 'Ya
commi,.:;sioned colonel,
1 s Gl, and commandell a brigade at Bull Hun.
"
as lIlade brig:ulier-general of Yolunteer
,
\.ug., 11:'(j1. nnd \Va;; second in command
UlHÌer Geli. R. Anderson in Kentuf'kv.
Later was assigned to the 5th dÌ\'i
ioi1.
arm v of the Tenne
;;ee. \V ounded in the
han<Ì at Shiloh, allli IUl'ntioned by LTrant in
despatche;; for bravery and skill. Promoted
hrigadier-general in the regular army after
the capture of Vicksburg. In Feb., 18G4,
receiyed the thanks of cOllgress for services
in the Chattanooga campaign, and on 16
SOY, began his famous march through
Georgia, covering three hundred miles in
twenty-four days. Became major-general
and afterward general. awl otherwise re-
ceiwd the highe
t honor
from hi,.; country-
men. Retired at his own wbh in 11:'
4, that
Sheridan might he general. Published his
own ")lemoirs" (18,.3).
SHILLABER, Benjamin Penhallow,
":\11'5. Partington," b. Porbmouth. X. II.,
12 July, It)14. Edited various journals at
Boston, :\[ass., from 1840 to It<66, and nfter-
ward resided at Chelsea, )lass. Wrote
"Life and Sayings of :\lrs. Partington"
(11-,.")4), .. Pnrtingtonian Patchwork" (11:';3),
"Lines in Plea;;ant P]aces" (l
;;)), .. Ike
and his Friends" (18;9), and "Wide
Swath," a volume of collected ver
e (18
2).
SHINN, Charles Howard, b. A u
tin,
Tex" 29
\ pril, 1
.32. Brother of :Milicent
"T. :-\hinn. LTraùuated at J ohn:-: Hopkins uni-
ycrsity. Connected "ith periodicals in Snn
Franci;;co, Cal., amI Xew York city until
181-'.), when he joined the staff of the ;. O,-er-
lnnd )[onthly." A contributor to the maga-
zines a 111 1 nuthor of ., 3Iining C:un}!:" a
Stud v in American Pioneer Gonrnment"
(181-);)) ntHI various hi:40rical and ecollomic
pamphlets.
SHINN, Milicent Washburn, b. Wash-
ington Township, .A]ameda Co., Ca!.. 1.'5
.April, 18.3
. Of Xew England and Jl[ay-
flull'er descent. Graduated at the univer
ity
of California. Edited a ('ommer('ial pH per
in San Frnnci;;co for a short time. After-
ward taught school, and in 1f'82 a
sumed
the editor
hil' of the neW "OwrlawI3[onth-
lv," which then succeede<l .. The ('Hlifor-
liian."
\ writer of poems. sketches. storie;;,
and critiques for the magazines, be:,idcs
purely editorial "ork.
SHURTLEFF, William Steele, jurist.
b. Xpwbun, Yt., 1 j Feb.. 1
:
O. Graduated
at Yale. Studied nt the Dane law school in
Cambridge. After two years' army service
during the civil war. he('mne judge of pro-
hate at Springfield. )Ia
.. H<'iH. a po
ition
he held continuoush-. In addition to nu-
merous contrihution
to the mngazines, de-
liyere(l a numher of poems on occasions,
notably the ode at the celebration of the
2.ïOth anniyersary of the founùing of
Springfield.
SIGOURNEY, Lydia [Huntley], b.
Xorwich, Conn., 1 Sf'pt., 17"D1. A
ehool-
teacher until her mal'ria
e in 11'119 to
('harle;; Sigourne
'. Bron
ht out her fir;;t
ùook. .. 3[ oral Pieces in Prose and Yerse,"
in her t\\l'nÌ\--fourth Year. Her hu
band'"
fortune bet'uining illll)aired, :she udopted lit-
584
SILL-SMITH.
erature as a profession, gaining- marked
success, which enabled her to gratify her in-
stincts of practical beneficence during- the
whole of bel' fifty years' residence at Hart-
ford, Conn, Amòng her numerous publica-
tions are a poem on "The Traits of the
Aborigines of America" (1822), "
\ Sketch
of Connecticut Forty Years Since" (1824),
"Letters to Young Ladies" (18:33), "Zin-
zendorff, anù Other Poems" (1836), "Let-
ters to )1others" (1838), " Pocahontas, and
Other Poems" (IS..H), "Scenes in my Xa-
tiye Lana" (ltj..H),"'
oice of Flowers"
(1843), "The \Vecping Willow" (1846),
" \Vater Drops, a Plea for Temperance"
(184/), "'Vhbpcr to a Bride" (1840), "Let-
ters to my Pupils" (lH.30), "Oli,"e Leayes"
(1831), "Pa:-;t Meridian" (18.34), "Luc
'
Howard's Journal" (183ì), "The Dailv
Counsellor, " poems' (185
), "Gleanings, h
poems (1860), and "The lUan of "G z, and
Other Poems" (1:::;62), "Letters of Life"
(18(j6) was bsueù po
thumously. Died,
Hartford, ('onn" 10 J une, 1
(j3,
SILL, Edward Rowland, educator, b.
Windsor, Conn., 29 April, 1841. Gradu-
ated at Yale. Afterward resided chiefly in
California, with the exception of a few years
as teacher in Ohio. "
a::; professor of Eng-
lish literature at the university of Cali-
fornia, 1874-82. Author of "The Ilermi-
tage, and OtllPr Poems" (1
1iì) and" Y enus
of
lilo, and Other Poems" (1t-!83). " Po-
ems" (1888) was i"':"ued posthumously.
Died, Cleveland, 0.,27 Peb" 1887.
SIMMS, William Gilmore, b. Cbarle:-;-
ton, S. C., 17 .April, 180G. Published
" Lyrical and Other Poems" in 11Ïs twenty-
first' year, and beeame editor anù owner òf
the Charle
ton "City Gazette" in IH:!8.
Is
ued two other poetical works before
1$31. Yersatile and prolific with his pen.
Another poem, "Atalantis, a Tale of the
bea," appeared in H;:
2. \Yas for scyeral
years in the state legblature. Settlpd
down to noyel-writing, and was praised by
Poe as second among nath"e authors to
Cooper. IIis many works include "The
Y emassee" (1::;3.3, re, ised ell. 18.33), "The
Partisan" (183.1), "Palayo" (1838), "The
Kinsman" (1841, new eù, 18.34, entitled
., The Scout "), "Confession, or tho Blind
Heart" (1842), "Castle Dismal" (18.!3),
.. The 'Vigwam and the Cabin, or Tales of
the South" (184.1-G), "Areytos, or Songs
and Ballads of the South "' (1
-t6), ., Poems"
(1
.13), "The 31aroon, and Other Tales"
(1
;:;.3), .. \Var Poetry of the South" (1867).
In addition to these he produced a numher
of local histories, hiographies, several
dramas which were performed, and con-
tributed largely to the periodical press. A
selection of his best works was i:-;sued in 19
yolumes, 1850. Died, Charleston, S. C., 11
June. 18,0.
SLOSSON, Annie [Trumbull], b. Ston-
ington, Conn., 18-. Studied at the Hart-
ford, Conn., fpmale seminary. 'Vas mar-
ried, 1867, to Edward SIOSSOli of Xew York
city, where she afterward liYed. A contrib-
utor of fiction to the magazines, and author
of "China Hunters' Club" (187
)and "Fish-
in' Jimmy" (1889).
SMALLEY, George Washburn, jour-
nalist, b. Franklin, 1\1ass., 2 June, 1833.
Graduated at Yale. Studied at the Har-
yard law school. and was admitted to the
bar at Boston, Mass. Practbed there until
the beginning of the cidl war, when he be-
came correspondent for the X. Y. "Tri-
Imnc" in South Carolina, Yirginia, anù
l\Iurylaml, distingubhing himsdfby timely
anù brilliantly written reports from the seat
of war. Joined the editorial stuff of that
journal late in 1862. Three years later was
sent to report the war of 1
(j(j between Prus-
sia and Austria. In 186'ì became represen-
tath-e of the "Tribune" at London. His
letters on European politics and society at-
tracted wide attention.
SMEDES, Susan [Dabney], b. Ray-
mond, Hinds Co., ::\Iiss., 10 Aug., 1840. The
daughter of Thomas S. Dabney, a planter.
"
as married, 1 t'üO, to Lyell Smedes. by
whom she was soon left a widow. l\Iore re-
cpntly became a resident of llelena. l\1on-
tana. ")1emorials of a Southern Plunter"
(1887) relates to her father, und is descrip-
th-e of life on a Southern plantation.
SMITH, Abigail [Adams], b. Bruintree,
)1ass., 14 July, 1 ìü3. Daughter of Pn..:-;ident
John _\.dams, whom she joined in France,
1784, aIlll afterward aecompanieù to Lon-
don. \Vas married, 1'ì86, to Co1. "ïlliam S.
Smith, 11er father's secretary of legation.
In It'41 appeared the "Journal and Corre-
sponùcnce of Miss Adams." Died, Quincy,
l\Iass., 14 Aug., 1813,
SMITH, Belle Eugenia, b. l.itchfielll,
0., 18-. Graduated at Tabor college, la.
Uesided at Percival, la., 1830-'ì..1-. In 18Î4
became an instructor at Tabor college. Au-
thor of the poem "If I should die to-night."
SMITH, Elihu Hubbard, physician, b.
Litchfield, Conn" 4 Sept., 1'ì.1. Graduated
at Yale. Began practice in Xew York city,
1 ì!J3. Pen a victim to the rellow-fe,'er epi-
demic of 1708. :Establishell with Dr. S. L,
)Iitchill the ":l\Iedical Hepository," anI 1
edited the first collection of "American
Poems" (1793). One of "The Hartford
Wits." Died, Xew York, N. Y., 21 Sept.,
1798.
SMITH, Elizabeth Oakes [Prince], b.
Cumberlnnd, Me., 12 Aug., 1t\06. \VasearIy
married to Seba Smith, whom she assbteù
in his editorial work. Itesided in X ew York
city after 1R42. Author of "Riches With-
out \Yings" (183:::;), "The Sinless Child,
auù Oth
r Poems" (1
41), "\Vomau nnd
SMITH-SMITH.
585
Her
eeds" (U34,), "Hints on Dress and
Beauty" (1852), " Bald Eagle. the Last of
the Ramapaughs" (1867), besides some tra-
gedies and much fugitive verse.
SMITH, Florence, b. Kew York, K. Y.,
11 )Iar., 18-15. Daughter of Augustus F.
mith, of that city, where she resided, at
Fort Washington. ,. riero's Painting, and
Other Poems" (1872) wa" publi:,h('d as a
memorial volume. Died, Fort \Yashington,
X. L. HI July, 11:3,1.
SMITH, Gerrit, philanthropist, b. Ptica,
:N. Y., 6 ::\Iar" 17!}7. Graduated at lIarmrd.
ðucceeded to a large estate, the income of
which he systematically devoted to philan-
thropic purpo"es, Wa" an early ad ,'ocate
of anti-slasel'v, and assbted the movement
in many con
l;icuous ways. \Va" elected U.
ð. representative in 1832. Several volume"
of his speeches and writings were published,
anll hi:, " Life "(1
Î8) was written by U. B.
Frothingham. Died, Xew York, K. y" 28
Dec., Is;-1.
SMITH, (Captain) John, traveller and
colonist, b. Willou
hby, Lincolnshire, Eng-
land, 1.37U. According to hi" own writings,
the hero in youth of many chi,'alrous ex-
ploits in eastern Europe, where hc claimed
to ha'"e taken an important partin the wars
with the Turks. Hb first authenticated ad-
venture was in the settlemcnt of Yirginia,
He sailed from London with Capt. Christo-
pher X ewport, 19 Dec., lGOö, reaching Cape
Henry 2G April, Hi07. To him is unques-
tionably due the preservation of the James-
town settlement ùuring his stay. )Iuch dis-
tru,;teù at first by the other leaders, his abil-
ities as a managèr anù in dealing with the
Indians were finally recog-nized, ailil he was
eleC'ted president and governor of Yirginia,
10 Sept., IIjO
. lIe clearcd the colony of
several unruly spirit
, but some of them re-
turning with the aùnmce ships of Sir
'Thomas Gates's fleet, anù Smith Lcing ballly
wounded by the explosion of a powder-
pouch, he was unable to re"bt ad ver
e
infim'nce"i, and withdrew to England in
the autumn of lGOO. The colony soon got
into dit1iculties. aIllI wa" Larch" sayed from
ùe
truetion by the arrintl of Lòrù Delawarr.
Smith's story of hi,. re
Clle by Pocahontas,
which ùoes not appeal' in hi" early work" on
Yirginia, was l)l'rhaps an aft!'r inyention,
although
he may have ca.usetl Powhatall to
fa,-or him during his captivity. He heaùed a
fishing-adventure to Xew Englal1l1 in IG14,
and while there sailed in an open Lout from
Penobscot to Capo Cod, gathcrin
data for
his map of "New England. This wa
the fir,.t
to give a clear i<lea of the topography of that
coa,.t, Suh:,eqllent yoyages were unsuccess-
ful. lIe wrote many Looks conceruing the
new country, and planned many expedi-
tion:" but never saw .\.merica again. An
overhearing anù boastful atldl'cs
, together
with the disadvantages of lowly birth, pre-
vented him from realizing the hpnefits of
undoubted ability as an organizer and ex-
plorer. His book" are interesting. in spite
of their literary uncouthness, anù they pre-
sene much information concerning the
early days of the Y irginia colony that would
otherwise have been 10:,;t. There were pub-
lished .. A True :Relation," etc, (160t)), ., A
lap of Yirginia," etc. (1612), "A Descrip-
tion of Xew England" (lG1G), "Xew Eng-
lanù's Trials" (lü20), "The Generall Hi:,;-
torie of Virginia," etc. (1G24), "An Acci-
dence," etc. (1G2G), "A Sea Grammar"
(lG27), "The True Travels, Adventures and
Ob
elTations of Captain John Smith"
(lG30), and "Ad,-ertisements for the Gnex-
perienced Planters of X ew England" (1 (31).
In some of the
e Smith's work wa" partly or
wholly editorial. portions of the text being
by other hands. Died, London, Englanù,
21 June, lG31.
SMITH, May Louise [Riley], b. Brigh-
ton, :\Ionroe ('0., X. Y., 21 :\lav, 18-12. Was
married, 1
(i!), to Albert Smith of f'pring-
field, Ill., anù subsequently resided in K ew
York city. "Sometime,"" If." and" Tired
)Iothers" are among her most popular
poems, Author of " _-\. Gift of Gentian,., amI
Other Y erses" (1882), and "The Inn of
nest ", (1t'l"ti).
SMITH, Samuel Francis, clergyman, b.
Boston, )la,.5., 21 Oct., 180t;. Graduated at
Harvard. Pastor of Bapti5t churches ill
)laine aml )lassachusetts for many, car:'.
\fterward edited the Bapti"t mi
,.i'onary
publications, .Author of UUlnerou:, hymns,
inclwling " America" (written 1832). Edit-
ed "I.J
Tie Gem" ., (1:::;4
). .. The P;;;almist"
(1
43), anù " Rock of .Agcs ., (18GG).
SMITH, Seba, "J1ajor Jack Downin
,"
b. Buckfield, )le., 14
epL, 17'92, Graùu-
ated at Bowdoin. Edited the PortlalHl. :\le.,
.. .\.rgu:,." ,. Family Becorller," and ., Daily
Courier." Scttlel! in Xew York city. l
-t?
\\-rote tho humorou" letters afterw;lrd col-
lected as "The Life find '\
ritings of )Iajor
Jack Do\\ ning" (1833). I:-::,ueù "Powha-
tan," a romance in ver:,e (1H-H), "Xcw Ele-
mcnts in Geometry" (1
,)U). and "\V ay
Down Ea
t "(1
.):;). Died. Patchogue, L. r.,
X, Y., ;WJuh", 18G8.
SMITH, Stephen Decatur, Jr., h. Phil-
adelphia" Penn., 2
Oct., 1
(j1.
\. rc:--iLlcnt
of that city. Joint author, with ('.. II.
Lüllers, of "lIallo, )ly Fancy!" (It-: s .),
and a contribu
Ol: of, e.1':,e.to the p
riolliyak
SMITH, Wllham, JUl'lst, b.
ew \ork.
. Y.,
:) June, 1,2:::;,
on of an cminent
lawTer of the same name. Gralluate.l at
Yale. Began the practice of law in his nati,-e
city anI! nttained a high place in his profes-
sion. Became chief-justice of the colony,
1 jG3. anù a member of the council. 1.(;9.
After some hc,.itation joilled the royali,.t
586
SXIDER-STANLEY.
party. about 1778, and was subsequently
made chief-justice ()f Canada. .Author of
"The History of the Province of Xew- York"
(1757), afterward completed from the au-
thor's manuscript aud republished by the
X. Y. IIi:..;t
oc. (1
G-9). Died, Quebec,
Canada, :3 XOY.. 179:J.
SNIDER, Denton Jaques, b.l\It.Gileal1,
0., 9 Jan., 1841. Graduated at Oberlin.
For man\' years a lecturer on literature in
t. Loui;, ')10., and ebewhere. _-\'1:;0 lec-
tured at the Concord school of philosophy.
.Author of "A S
.:;tem of
hakespeare's
Dramas"' (18,7), .. Delphic Days " (l
tiO),
..
\. "'alk in l1ellas" (1
SI), ".Agamem-
non's Daughter" t1t;
;)), .. Commentary on
Goethe's Faust ., (1
li), and .. L'ommentan
on
hakespeare' s Tragedies" (l
t\ .). "
SPARKS, Jared, cdueator, h. Willing-
ton, Conn., 10 31a, , 1.89. Graduated at
JIarmrd. Entered the C nitarian mini:;tlT
at Baltimore, 1819, and edite(1 the " CnÍ-
tarian :\Ii:;eellany" (1
1-3). Purehu:,ed the
"Xorth Ameriean Re,'iew" in 1824, and
was its editor until 1831. 'Yas profpssor of
hi:;tory at lIanarl1, 1
39-4!), and its presi-
df'nt, lti49-,:;:1. Is:,:ued numerous work:"
original aIllI edited, including" The Diplo-
matic Corre:,polllience of the
\.merican He\'"-
olution" (12 vols., 1t:29-:
O), ., Life of Gou-
'-erneur -:\10n'is" (1832), .. The \Yritings of
Geor
e 'Y a:..;hington," including his corre-
spomlence, addresses, private and official
papers, with a "Life' (12. vols., It\34-
),
.. Hemarks on
\.merican IIistory" (18:17).
., The Library of
\.merican nìogrnph.\'"
(1
:3-!-8 amI1844-7), .. The Worb of Benja--
mill Franklin, with Xote:" and a Life of the
Author" (10 voh:., IS:JG-lO), and .. Corre-
pondenee of the American Re\"l)lution, "
letters of eminent men to 'Ya:;hington (4
vols., 1 s .j3). Wrote ])iogrnphies of Ethan
\.llen, Benedict .Arnolrl, and othprs. Be-
queathed his valuable eollection of manu-
scripts and origin1l1 data for a bi:,.ttory of
American diplomaey to IIarmrd. Died,
CambrÎ!lg-e. )[a:,::;.. 14 31ar.. 1
(jG.
SPOFFORD, Harriet Elizabeth [Pres-
cott], b. Calais, :\Ie., 3 April. IS:3;). The
daughter of Jo:..;eph X. Pre:,cott.
\.t the age
of fourteen she remowd to X ewburyport,
:\Ia:;:;. Graduated at Pinkerton academy,
Derry, X, II. lIeI' father becoming inenpaèi-
tated for work Ly paralysi
.:;he contributed
to her family's :-;upport by writing stories
for ,-arious periodical
. This early work was
not afterwarrl acknowle(l!!t'rl or cnllef"ted.
A :;tory entitled ''In It ('elh-tr," publbhed in
the ., _-\.tlantic )Ionthly" for 1
JO, fir:..;t at-
tracterl attention to her ahilitie
as an au-
thor. She was married, 1
(i.). to Hicha1'l1 S.
Spofford, formerly a law-partner of C1l1eb
Cushing-. and afterward lind at Deer
island, 'in the 3IerrÌmaek ri,-er. and within
the boundaries of Ame::<bury, )la
:,. _\.uthor
of ":::'ir Rohan's Ghost," romance (1859).
"The Amber Gods, and uther Stories"
(1
I):
), .. Azarian." an epbode (l
ù3), " K ew
England Legends" (1t)71), .. The Thief in
the Xight ., (1t)72), .. _\.rt Decoration applied
to Furniture" (I
Rl), ., 31arquis of Cara-
bas" (18
2), "Poems" (l
2), ., He:;ter
Stanley at
t. 3Iark's" (1883), .. Thet;ernmt
Girl
uestion" (1t)84), and ., Ballads about
Authors" (1::;87).
SPRAGUE, Charles, b. Boston. l\Iass..
2G Oct., 1791. Was cashier of the Globe
bank in Boston, 18
4-G.). \V on prizes for
prologues at the opening of theatres in sev-
eral cities. and delivered poems before vari-
ous societie:,. Among hi:; pieces are "The
\Ying"ed 'Y orshippers," "Curiosity," and
"The Fa.mily )leeting." A colleetell edition
of ,. Poetical and Prose \Yritings" was pub-
lished in 1841 (revised eds. 1
50-,G). Died,
B040n, )1ass..
2 Jan., 11",5.
SPRAGUE, William Buell, clergyman.
b. .Andon>l", Conn.. 16 Oet., ]79;). Gradu-
ated at Yale. 'Vas pa:-;tor of Congregational
anrl Pre:;byterian churehes in 'V e:..;t
pring-
field, :\Iass.. and Albanv,
. Y., 1::;I!J-(i!).
Best remembere(1 for his" Annals of the
American Pulpit" (9 vols., It:i57-(9). Also
wrote ., Letters from Europe" (11)2:-;). "1.ec-
hIres on Hevimls" (1
2), "Letters to
Young 3Ien .. (1::;4:)). and" Yi:;its to Euro-
pean Celebrities" (183.3). Died, Flu:,:hing,
X. Y., 7 )1ay, It;76.
SQUIER, Ephraim George, arehæolo-
gist, b. Bethlehem, X. Y.. 17 June, 1
21.
Entered jnurnnlism in ]
4:3. .After investi-
gating awl de
cribing the anticluities of the
) [j:;:-;i:,::..;ippi valley, was appointed chargé
d'affaire
to Central Ameriea in 184H, where
and sub::;equently in Peru he continued his
researches. I:..;
ued "f'erpent Symbols"
(1
.)
), .. Xical'agua" (l
;-;2). "\Vaikna "
(IR.).:;), ., The States of Central America"
(1
:)7), and" Peru "(1
7,). Died. Brooklyn,
X. Y., 17 April, 1888.
STANLEY, Henry Moreland [Mor-
ton, in
\.ppll'tons' Cyc, Amer. Bing.], ex-
plorer, b. near DenlJigh. \Yales, 11)-!O. His
name at first was J olm Rowlands. allli from
thrcc to thirteen years of age he "'Ii:; eared
for and educaterl at the St. A
aph poor-
honse. Emigrated to Xew Orlean:..;. La.. in
1::;.,:), where he was adopted by the gentle-
man who:..;(' name hc u:;:;umed. Sen'ed in the
Conferlerate arm
', wn,.: taken pri:;oner. anù
afterwanl pntel'e(i the C. S. nan'. \\Ta:,: in
pHin a:; eorrl'spondent for the
: Y. ., Her-
aId," whf'n detailed bv it;; e(litor in 11)1j9 to
find Dr. D:\,'id Li,'ing
tone. at that time in
Afriea. and from wlìom no word had been
reeeived for oYer two year:..;. Tht' expf'dition
left Zanzihnr in 3rarch. 1871, and Dr. Liv-
ing:-tone was found the following Km'em-
Ler. \Vas again :..;pnt ont in 1874 to e-.plore
unknown portions uf
-\ frica. nnd identified
STANSBURY-STEVENS.
587
the rh-er Lualaba with the Cong-o hv de-
scemling it to the mouth of the
latiN', a
perilous journey of eight months. During
1
79-82 was occupipd in founding the Con-
go free state. In 1
87 was sent to rescue
Emin Pasha, theu cut off in an interior
proYince of
\.frica, and after tra yersing the
great Con
o forest three times, successfully
accomplished the rnis:,ion. reaching the east-
ern coast in Dec.. It1t;f)' IIis experiences
are related in" How I Found Liyingstone "
(IH7'2), "Through the Dark Continent"
(1:)78), "The Congo and the Founding of
its Free State" (1885), aIlll "In Darkest
.\.frica " (18fJO),
STANSBURY, Joseph, loyalist, b. Eng-
land, 17.")0. Arri,"ed in Philadelphia, 17(iì,
where he e:,t
blíshed himself as a merchant.
\Ya:-- twice imprisoned during the H.cyolu-
tion for his lomlist yiews and for serdces to
the British gO\"ernment, ha\"Íng been ap-
pointed commi:.:.::.:.:ioner of the eity watch dur-
ing the occupation of Phil:ulelphia by the
English, Re
i(led in Xew York city after
the war, His poems arc collected in "The
Loyal Verses of Joseph Stansbury," etc.
(l
üO). Died. Xew York, X. Y., It'09.
STANSBURY, Mary Anna [Phinneyl,
b. Yernon, X. Y.. 5 Oct.. 18-!
. Studied at
Lawrence university, 'Vis. "-:lS married,
18G1, to E. P. llu'mphrey, and after his
death to Dl'. Emory Stansbury. of _\pple-
ton, Wi:,., where she afterward re,..ided, A
writer of yer,..e and fiction for the maga-
zines. Author of the poem" How he SI.l.Yed
St. :\Iichael"s."
STANTON, Elizabeth [Cady], reform-
er, b. Johnstown, X. Y., 12 Xov., 1813. A
leader in the abolition movement. anù pres-
ent at the anti-slayen T conference in Lon-
don, 11';40. 'Vith Lucretht 310tt convenell
the first Woman's ltights gathering- in 1848.
President of the llIÜional committee of the
woman suffrage moyement. It':>;j-(i;j, and
of the a:.:.:sociation until Ib ì3. ße:,;ides lec-
tures and alldres"es, joint author with two
othen of "The History of Woman Suf-
fra.!re ., (181:)1).
STEIN, Orth Harper. The editors haTe
been unable to obtain information concern-
ing this writer.
STEPHENS, Alexander Hamilton)
state
man, b. Taliaferro Co., Ga., 11 Feb.,
HH2. Graùuated at FrankliI\ colle
e, and
entered the bar. 1884. Elected to the !'tate
leg-i:.;lature. 11';:3G. Secured the fir:.;t charter
e'
er gmnted to a college for women C\IIlf'on,
Ga.) for cla,..;;:ics and :-:cieuce", In 1)j-1:
was
elected r. s. repre:.;entath-e, and succe:.;s-
fullychampioneù several important leg-isla-
ti,'e reforms. retiring in !t;;jtt. Opposed the
sece:.;,..ion of Geoqria, hut accepted the, ice-
pre:,idency of the ('onfe(leraey in I:)G1. 'Vas
helll for fiye months as a pri:--oner of
tate in
11)1j;j. In 18fjj' i:,!'ueù the first yolume of
" The War between the ;::,tate;;:. .. the seC'oml
following in 1870. Reëlected to congress,
1874, resigning in 1
t'2. The same year be-
came goyernor of Georgia. Died, Atlanta,
Ga., 4
lar., 1883.
STEPHENS, Anna Sophia rWinter-
botham], b. Derby, Conn., 1
13. \'Vas mar-
ried, U
a1, to Edward Stephens. Edited the
.. Portlanù pIe.] 3Iagazine," 183.")-7. He-
sided in Xew York city after 1837. \Vas
at different times assistl.int el1itor of "Gra-
ham's" and "Peterson's" maga.zines.
Among her noyels are ")lary Derwent"
(18:;-), .. :Fashion and Famine" (1t).;4), and
"The Olù IIomestead" (1
3;j). Died, Xew-
port, R. 1., 20 Aug., 188ü.
STEPHENS, John Lloyd, trawller, b,
Shrewsbury, X. J., 2ö Xov., 1
(J.). Gradu-
ated at Columbia. and practised law in
Xew York city. Explored Central America
in 1839, and in 1849 beeame an officer, anù
afterward president, of the Panama railroad
company. "'Incidenb of Trawl in Yuca-
tan" (1843) is the most important of his
numerous books of trayel. Died, Xew York,
X. Y., 10 Oct., It;.j2.
STEPHENS, William, colonial gover-
nor, b. Isle of \\ïght, Englanù, 28 Jan..
lü71. Graùuated at Camhriilge ullinr
ity,
and was a member of the British parliament
in lü9G. Removed to America about 17:30,
and, after :;erving in seyeralle:,s important
capacities. was goyernor of Georgia from
17-!3 to 1730. ,,_\ Journal of the Proceedings
in Georgia" and "State of the Province"
were published, 1742, Died, Georgia, _\ug.,
1 'j,j3.
STEVENS, Abel, clerg
-man, b. Phila-
delphia. Penn., 19 Jan., 1
1.j. Entered the
)lethodist Episcopal ministry. Edited
ey-
eral :\[ethoùbt periodicals, 1
-!O-5G, and
from 1
(j.) to 1874 was as
ociate eùitor of
the .. :\lethodi,..t." _\.uthor of a
erie,; of
standard hi40rÌcai works on
Iethodi:,m,
including" Hbtory of the Religious )[oye-
ment of the Eighteenth Century, called
)lct hodism .. (It;.)t;-ül), and" IIi--tory of the
3Iethodist El)iscol'Hl Church in the "Gnited
States of America" (18ùJ-7).
STEVENS, Thaddeus, statesman, b.
Dam"me, Caledonia Co.. Yt., 4
\pril, 1792,
Graduated at Dartmouth. ::;tUllied law and
e:o:tablished a practice at Gettysburg. Penn.
\\
as a, member of the :ötate legi,..lature.
1888-8. BeeHlI1c a stalwart aboIitioni"t and
champion of free schook 'Va:.; electe(1 "G. S.
rf'presentati\"e as a Whig. 1848-:>3. amI
again from IH:)8 to his death a:-; a lea(ling
Hepublican. ] lis yigorous :';l'eeches anù un-
tiring efforts in be}mlf of the rllion during
the civil war gained him the title of .. the
great commoner:' rr.!!ed Pl"Csiùent Lin-
coln to prochlim emaneipation, and did his
utmo,..t to g-ain the :-ulfrage for the neg-ro.
Propo--l'fl the impeachment of President
588
STILES-STODDARD.
Johnson, and was chairman of the House
committee appointed to conduct the trial.
Bequeathed grounll for a cemetery in Lan-
caster, Penn.. for the poor, and endowed an
orphan asylum for white and colored chil-
(hen. Died, 'Washington, D. C.. 11 Aug.,
1
G8.
STILES, Ezra, edue-ator, b. Korth Ha-
ven, Conn"29 Noy.. 1,2.. Graduated at
Yale. Remained at Xew HaYen llJ1til17;)5,
engaged in the study of theology and law,
and as a tutor in the college. .Finallv ac-
cepted a call to preach at X ewport, R. 1..
where he was pastor from 1 î;)(i until the oc-
cupation of the town by the British army
during the Uevolution. In 1 Î'ìì. while re-
siding at Porbmouth, K. II.. was elected
presiJent of Yale, holding office until his
death. Author of a number of sermons and
addre!'!'es, among which is the !'ermon
preaC'hed at the close of the Revolution, and
entitled "The r nited States Elevated to
Glory and Ilonor" (1 î
3). Ilis most impor-
tant literary work was his ., rri
torY of Three
of the J Ullges of Charles I. ,. (17H4). lIe left,
in manuscript, diuries and" ritings filling
forty-five hound volumes, now pre::,ern.d at
Yale. Died, Xcw lIaven, Conn., 12 ::\lay,
179.).
STILLMAN, William James, painter
:tnd journali
t, b. Schenectady, X. Y., 1
June, 1
2tì. Uraduatetl at rnion college.
Followed the profc:,,..;ion of an artbt until
18ü9, "hen he devoted himself mainly to
literature. "" a
G. S. consul at Rome from
18tH to 18G3, anù fillell the same pn:-:ition in
Crete from 18G3 to lSü9. ,y a
corre:-poIllI-
cnt for the London ., Time
" in south-east-
ern Europe from 1tìî.) to 181'2, amI again at
Home after 188:), having meanwhile been
art-critic for the X. Y. ,. En'ning Post."
Author of "Cretan Ini:urrection '., (1
74).
"Herzegovina and the Late 1..;" pri:-:ing"
(18î.), and ,. On the Tracl\. of l-l
::;:-es"
(ltìtì.), besides contribution:- to the maga-
zine!'.
STIMSON, Frederic Jesup, ".T. S. of
Dale," lawyer, b. Dedham, l\[a:<:<., 20 July,
1::;53. Graduated at Harvard. Entered the
bar, and was a:-:si:-:tant attorney-general of
Iassachusett
. 1tìH4:--5. Some of his novels
are "Guerndalp" (1tì
2), .. The Crime of
Henry Yane ., (1884), and .. The Residuary
J..Jegatee ., (18H
).
STITH, William, clergyman, b. Yir-
ginia, 1G89, Was ordainetl in England as a
Church of England clergnnan, and was
made master of the Willi;lin and )Ian col-
lege grammar school in 1î;31. lIe wa:-: èhap-
lain of the Virginia hilusI' of lJUrg-e
ses in
17;
, and for the la.:<t t hn.e war!' of his life
was pre:<ident of "ïlliam aJlù 31ary college.
ITis "Historv of the Pirst niscovery and
Settlement òf Virginia" (1 î4.) is based
largely on the writings of Captain John
Smith and on more trustworthy records
and manuscripts to which Stith had acces!".
The latter have been destroyed by fire. But
one volume of the "History" was com-
pl_
te.d, hringing_ the
e
ol"ll to ...H
24. Died,
"Ilhamsburg, "\ a., 2'1 ::Sept.. 1.5;},
ST. JOHN, Peter. A resident of
or-
walk. Conn. Surpo
etl to be the author of
the Heyolutionarv hallad entitled "Taxa-
tion of America. ,\ By some authorities the
authorship is attributed to Sa.muel St. John,
who was born and died in Xew Canaan,
Conn.
STOCKTON, Francis Richard, b. Phil-
adelphia, Penn.. [) April, 1834. Gra(luated
at the Central high
chool of that cit,". De-
yoted a number of years to engTa,-iIig and
designing on wood. and contributed pic-
hIres to .. Vanity Fair," a comic paper pub-
Ibhed in :IS" cw York eit" before the war. anù
to other illustrated peÏ-iodil'als. 'Was at the
same time engaged in literary and journal-
i4ic work.
\.n edit orial connection wit h the
Philadelphia" Post" wus followed in 1
î2
by his ahandonment of engraving- amI by
his acceptance of nn editorial position on the
X. Y. .. Hearth and Ilome." III' soon joined
the staff of t}w ., Century :l\Iagazine " (then
"Scribner's ::\Ionthly''), amI on the estab-
lislnnent of the ":-;t. Xicholas )lagazine"
for young folks in 18î3. became
ì:-::<istan t
editor of the latter. Ue,;:igned this position
in 18
0 to deyote himself to purely literary
work. Ilis first "olume was a colle(.tion of
stories fnr children, originally eontributed
to the "Hiyerside 3Iagazine." and published
'n 18G9 as "The Ting-a-I....ing Stories:'
Other books for ehilt1ren are ., Houndabout
Rambles" (1t5î2). .. What might have been
Expected" (1/)74). "Tales out of S<:1lOol"
(1/),;)). ,. A Jolly Fellowship" (18
o), .. The
Floating Prince" (1
tn). .. The Story of
Yiteau" (1
t'4), and .. Per::,onally Con-
duetI'd" (1889). IIis nowls and ,"olumes of
short stories im'lude "Hudder tirange"
(1
Î9). "The Lady, or the Tiger: anù uther
Stories" (1884), ,. The Late 1'1 r:-:. X ull "
(188G), "The Casting away of
Ir
. Lecks
and l\Irs. Aleshine" (l
l'fj). ., The Hun-
dredth
Ian" (188î), .. The Chrbtmas
""reck. and Other Tales" (l
I'm, "The Bee
l\Ian of Orn, and Other Fanciful Tales"
(l
t:Î), " The nll
antes" (m
tì), .. Amos Kil-
bright, "ith Other Stories" (1881;), .. The
Grèat \Yar Syntlieate ,. (lti89). .. TlwStories
of the Threè. Burglar:, " (l
UO), and .. The
3It'rry Chanter" (l
ÜO).
STODDARD, Charles Warren, b.
Uoche:<ter, X. Y., 7 Aug.. 1843. \ïsited the
Hawaiian ii'lands in J8ü4. and afterwanl
resided there for long periods. Travelled in
all parts of the world during 18;3-8. as cor-
respondent of the
an Franei
co ., ('hroni-
cle." Profei'
or of English literature at
Xotre Dame universiÒ". Ind., 1tìt:J-6,
STODDARD-STOR y:
589
_\.uthor of "Poem
" (1867), "South-t)ea
Idvls" (1873), ")Iashallah" (181:)1), aml
"The Lepers of l\lolokai .. (188.)).
STODDARD, Elizabeth Drew [Bar-
stow], b. Jlattapoisett, Mass., 6 May, 182ö,
The dauO'hter of a captain and ship-owner of
that pla
e. Received her education at a
young ladies' seminary, 'Vas married, at
twenty-eight, to Richard Henry :-)toddard,
and soon developed a talent which has placecl
her among the f:elect A merican poets, al-
though her poems have not been collected in
a volume. At the time of the civil war she
publishecl three novels, "The )Iorgesons"
(1862), "Two )Ien" (186.3), and "Temple
House" (1867), realistic and dramatic studies
of coast-life. The:-:ewere republished in 1888,
and were the subject of marked attention
from the critical press.
STODDARD, Lavinia [Stone], b. Guil-
ford, Conn" 29 June, 1787. 'Vas taken as a
child to Paterson, N, J., and was there mar-
ried, 1811, to Dr. \Villiam Stoddn,rd, with
whom she established an academy at Troy,
:K. Y. Author of fugitive poem
, among
which is that entitled .. The Soul's Defiance."
Dicd, Blakely, Ala.. 18
O.
STODDARD, Richard Henry, journal-
ist, b. Hingham, :;\Iass,. 2 July, 11:)25, His
father was a sea captain of that place, who
died in 18;3.'5, and the son was brought by
his mother to X ew York city the SHme year.
There he received a commòn-school ecÌucfl-
tion, supplemented ùy private reading and
st\Hly during sewral veal's' work in an iron-
fountlry. Early comÌnenced the writing of
verse, and in ltH9 published a volumc of
poems entitled "Footprints," of which,
however, he suppre:,,.;ecl the entire edition.
"Poems" (18;)2) next appeared, and he ùe-
came a regular contributor to the magazines.
He did not depend on literary work alone as
a means of support, ùut held sen'ral offi-
cial and editorial po,.;itions. :-)el'\-ed in the
custom-house and dock department at .Kew
York from 18.):
to 187:3, wa" literary editor of
the N, Y. " World" from 1860 to'11:);O, and
in 1880 became literary editor of the X. Y.
,. Mail and Ex press," Èdited several anthol-
ogies of English verse, the ., Bric-à-Brac
Series" (1874), :Hul various elUtions of
standard works, with prefacesandintl'oduc-
tions by him;;elf, :-)ome of his own bC'oks are
"
ong-; of
ummer" (1
.)G), .. The King's
Bell " (1862), ., _\.hl'aham Lincoln, a Hom-
tian Ode" (186.)). "The Book of the East,"
poems (1
;1), "The .Lion's Cub," poems
(1t!!JO), and a collective edition of his
" Poems" (181'<0),
STODDARD, William Osborn, b.
Homer, Cortland Co., X, Y., 24
(>pt., 183.3.
Graduated at the universitvof Roche:-:ter.
Edited various journals until the eivil war,
and was a private
ecretarY of Prp",ident
Lincoln, 1I;li1-:1. \VhS afterward uccupied
as an inventor. Author of " Verses of )Iany
Days" (187;)), "Dab Kinzer" (18tH), "The
Volcano under the City" (1887), and" Lives
of the Presidents" (1886-90),
STONE, John Augustus, clramatist anù
actor, b. Concord. :Ma:-:,.;., 1801. For his play
":\letamora" Edwin Forrest paid him five
hundred dollar:-:, and for "The Ancient
Briton" one thou
and dollars. The:-;e plays
and "Fauntlerov, the Banker of Rouen"
were written specÌally for Forrest and were
produced by him. .. )letamora " still holds
the stage, ::;tone wrote several other dramas,
and occasionallv acted. He drowned himself
in the Schuylkill river while suffering men-
tal derangement. Died, near Philadelphia,
Penn., 1 June, 1834.
STONE, Samuel, clergyman, b. Hert-
ford, England, aOJuly, 1602. Graduated at
Cambridg-e uniwrsity, Sailed for Boston
with Thomas Hooker in 103:3, to escape re-
ligious per,.;ecution, and became the latter's
colleague, first at Cambridge, Mass., and
afterward at Hartford, Conn., which was
named from his ùirthplace. Printed a ser-
mon, ., A Congregational Church," etc.
(16.'52), and left in manuscript a "Body of
Divinity,"' much used by theological stu-
dpnts of the time. Died, Hartford, Conn" 20
July, 1663.
STONE, William Leete, journalist. b.
ew Paltz, X, Y., 20 April, 1ì!J
, Editor
and part proprietor of the N, y, .. Commer-
cial Adwrti"er," 1821-:14. Collected much
information respecting the Indians, which
he utilizpd in his principal works, " Life of
Joseph Rrant" (1838), "LifeofHed Jacket"
(1840), " Poetry and History of Wyoming"
(1841), and "Cncas nml JIiantonomoh"
(1842). Died, Saratoga, :N. Y., 1.3 Aug"
1844.
STORRS, Richard Salter, clergyman, b,
Braintree, )Ia,.;s" 21 Aug., 1
1. Gl'Iuluated
at Amherst. Entered upon his pastorate at
the Brooklyn, X. Y., Church of tlU' Pilgl'ims
in 184li. Some of his numerous work" are
., Early American
pirit and the Gene:,i,.; of
It" (11:)7.3), .. Recognition of the ::;upernat-
ural in Letters aIllI IJife" (1881), .. )Ianli-
ness in the ::;cholar"' (18t'iJ), " Divine Origin
of Chrbtianity IndicatC'd by its IIistorieal
Effects" (1884). and" Forty Years of Pas-
toral Life" (1886).
STORY, Joseph, jurist, b. Marble head,
)[a:,s" 18
ept., 1'ìj!J. Graduated at Har-
vard, Studied law at Salem, l\Ia:,,,.. where
he ùegan practice in 1801. Resided there
until his appointmcnt as associate justice
of the P. ::;. supreme court in Koy., 1811.
holding' the office until his death. He had
meanwhile Leen elected to the l\Iassachu-
setts leg-i
lature and to the U. ::;. housp of
repre:,entative'i as a Hc'puhlican-Democrat,
thol1g'h he oppo,.;pd tll(' clIIlmrgo of U.(/J8.
Becamc the first incumbent uf the Dane
590
STOR Y-81'RACHEY.
professorship of law at Harmrd. 18
!). IIis
legal decisions in his own circuit fill thir-
teen volumes, and he furnished a large por-
tion of the opinions in the thirty-five vol-
umes of supreme court reports issued during
his term as justice, Besides these, he issued
thirteen volumes of legal works. inelmling
"Commentaries on the Constitution of the
l'" nited States" (1833) and" Commentaries
on the Conflict of Laws" (1884), ,. 3Iiscel-
laneous Writings" appeared in IS:
.3, and
his" Life and Letters' (1831) was edited by
his son, \Y. \V, Story. Died, Cambridge,
)lass., 10 Sept.. 184.3.
STORY, William Wetmore, seulptor, b.
Salem, Mass" 12 Feb" 1819. Son of Chief-
Justice Joseph Story, Graduated at Har-
yard, Entereel the bar, and edited the "C,
S. First Circuit Reports (1842-7). \Vrote a
· 'Treatise on the Law of Contracts not under
eal" (1R!4) and another on the" Law of
Sales of Personal Property" (l
47), Gave up
law for sculpture, and settled in Itnly in
1848. .Among the best -known of his art -pro-
ductions are the statue of his father in the
:\lount Auburn cemetery chapel; Edward
Everett, in the Boston puhlic garden; the
seated statue of George Peabody, near the
Royal Exchan
e, London; and busts of
Lowell, ThC'odore Parker, and Josiah
nincy, The
ures of Cleopatra and Semir-
amis in the .N. Y. museum of art are also
from his studio. Re
ides his legal works. is
the author of "Poems" (1847 and 18.36).
"Life and Letters of Joseph Story" (1
.)1),
"The .Ameriean (
uestion" (1862), .. Holm
di Homa, or \Yall\:s and Talks about Rome"
(It;û2), "Proportions of the II uman Fignre.
according to a K ew ('anon for Practical L se"
(1866), "Graffiti d'Italia" (18(j8), "The
Roman Lawyer in Jerusalem" (18ìO), .. Xe-
ro" (18ì5), "Castle of St. .Angelo" (l
ìÎ),
" He and ShC', or a Poet's Portfolio" (1
H;J).
"Fiammetta" (18t!.")), and" Poems " (m
û).
STOWE, Harriet Elizabeth [Beecher],
b. Litchfield, Conn., 14 J une.1812. Daughter
of Lvman Beecher. .At the age of thirteen
attendell the schoollwpt by he
ehIest sister,
Catherine Esther, at IIartforil. Conn. Hcre
she staid until 1832. when her father re-
mOYed to Cincinnati. "-as marriel1 to the
Hev. Calvin E. Stowe in 18:W. Both sympa-
thized strongh- with the anti-slaven- movc-
ment, shelterÍng many fugitives Ín thcir
house, Thev abo yisited some of the slave-
states, and studied the subject on the spot.
In 184D appeared · 'The Uayflower, or Short
Sketches of the Descendants of the Pil-
grims." On 1\11'. Stowe's being appointed to
a professorship at Bowdoin, they remoyed
to Brunswick, )Ie., in 1t;30. Two veal'S later
he accepted a professorship at the" Andover,
1\[ass., theological seminarv. The story of
.. Cnele Tom's Cabin. or "Life among" the
Lowly" was writtcn to enable the Xorthern
public to realize the horrors of slaYer" It
first appeared in the ., X ational Erå" of
\Yashington. D.C.,running from June.1851,
to April. 1t;32. and was then brought out in
book-form. For the first year it producell
no marked effect. and the author became
dbheartened. But it made its way so effeet-
iYely that within fiye years .'500.ÖOO copies
were sold in the L nited States. bt.'sides an
enormons sale in England. The hook was
translated into man
languages. Y arion
dramatic versions of it continue to hold the
provincial stage_. In answer to many hostile
critici
ms )Ir
. Stowe published ..
\ Key to
"Cncle Tom"s Cabin. Presenting the Oridnal
Facts and Documents upon which the i;tory
is Founded, together with Corroborative
Statements yerifying the Truth of the
Work" (1833): also ".A Peep into r ncle
Tom's Cabin, for Children" (1t<:;8). Failing
health from the strain of excitement in-
duced her to yisit England. ,,,here she had
a cordial reecption from all classes. The ac-
count of this jonrney, which extended over
the continent of Europe, was puhli:,hed as
.. Snnny )lemorics of Foreign Lands"
(18:;4). Xðt appeared" Dred, a Tale of the
<<Treat Dismal Swamp" (It-!.")(j). A noYel.
"The )Iini
ter's \V ooing," came out in
18.")D. 31rs. Stowe removed to Hartford in
18(i4, where she afterward remained. Is;;;ued
"Old Town Folks," H3ü!), following that
work h
. a paper in the ,. .Atlantic )Ionthl
T"
and "3Iacmillan's :\Iagllzine" on ,. The
Trne Story of Lonl Bn-ou's Life." The lat-
ter raised'a storm of "allYerse criticism that
elicited in reply" Lady Byron YiIJ(lieated.
History of the Byron Controversy" (l
fi!l).
Published "Pink and \\-hite Tn-annv."' a
society novel (It!ìl), and among her õther
produetions are" Religious Poems" (18(:.")).
.. )len of Our Times" (1t<(i8), " Footstep
of
the 3[aster" (18ìfi). "Pogannc People"
(18ì
), and" A Dog's :Mission .. (1881),
STRACHEY, William, colonist. First
heard of as sailing for the Yirginia colony
with Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George
Somers, Vi )Iav. lOOD. Cast a"ay with them
on the Bermllcla islands. finalÌv reaehing
Jamestown in )lay, HilO. The (.olony '\""itS
then abandoneù, but meeting Lord Dela-
warr on the way out of James riyer, all re-
turned to Jamè
town, Strachey receiving
the appointment of secretary. lIe had re-
tUl"llCll to LOl1lIon bv 1612. when he brought
out "For the Colon\- in Yirginea Britamìia:
Laws DiYine, )[omÌl anll )iartiall:' His de-
seription of a storm off the Bermudas in ..
\
True Reportory of the \Y racke and Re-
demption of Sir Thomas Gates," given in
the fourth ....olume of Pnrchas's .. Pil-
grimes '" (1613), was suppost.'d by some to
bave suggested the opening
cene of Shake-
speare's .. Tempest." In 11:'-19 the Hal,luyt
society publislJt,a his "lIistorie of Trantile
STREET -SWI.1YTo.N.
591
into Yirginia Britannia ., from a mann
cript
in the British mu
eum. It was written
about 1618. Date of death unknown.
STREET, Alfred Billings, b. Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., 18 Dee" IS11. Edited the
Albany, X. y" " Xorthern Light." It;-13-!,
and was state librarian of X ew York from
1
48 until his death, 'Yrote largely for peri-
odicals, and issued among other work
"The
Burning of Schenectady, and Other Poems"
(1
-t'
). "Fugitiye Poem:" .. (11:)-16), " Woods
and \\? aters" (1860), and " Fore
t Pictures
in the Adirondacks," poems (1::;63). Died,
Albany. X. Y.. 2 June, 1"::;1.
STRONG, Josiah, cler
rman. ù. Xaper-
...ille, DuPage Co., Ill., HI Jan., It'4i. Grad-
uated at \Vestern Re:::cITe college. Entered
the Congregational ministry, and after
hoMing several pastorate,>, became in 1
fj
general agent of the Emngelical Alliance
in the r nitell States. Author of .. Our
Country; its Po:-;sible Future and its Pres-
ent Cri,.;is " (I
H;)).
STUART, Moses, philologbt. b. 'Yilton,
Conn., 26 :\lar., 1 i
O. Gr
l.lluated at Yale,
and became a Congregational minister at
K ew Ila'''en, Conn, \Yas profe;::::or of sacred
literature at the Andover, )Ia
" theologi-
cal seminan-, 1:;10-!8. Author of a Hebrew
grammar (i:31
and 1821). of numerous
., Commentaries" on the buoks of the Bible,
and of many other philological and theo-
logical work:::. ")Iiscellanies" appeared in
lti-Hi. Died, Andover, )la;:;:., 4Jan., 1
:;
.
STURGIS, Russell, architect, h. Balti-
more, 1\Id., 16 Oct., 18aü. Graduated at the
college of X ew York, where he wa,.; for a time
profe,.;;:or of architecture, Yi:::ited Europe
in I!)RO and 11::\84. Otherwi,.;e a re:::ident of
:x ew York city. ..\. lecturer and writer for
the periodicals on art and architecture.
SULLIVAN, Thomas Russell, b, Bos-
ton. 1\1ass., 21 NoT',. 1840. Engaged in hu,.;i-
ne
s at London. Pari,.;, a11l1Boston until 11::\::;::;,
wht'n he adopted a l'urel
' lit('rary life.
A uthorof a novel, " Ro:::e:" of Shadow " (1
t:.j),
and several pla
-s. including- ., The Cats-
paw" (1881), ":\lerely Player,.; !"' (IS::;()), and
a dramatization of
teYen,.;on's " Dr. Jekvll
and )11'. Hyde" (proùuced 18
ü). J oÍnt
author with W. ,,
. Chamherlin of ., Ht'arts
are Trumps! " (produceu 1tr;S) and" )Iid-
ummer )ladncss" (produced 1880),
SULLIVAN, William, lawver, ù. Saco.
)Ie.. 12 NoT'.. 1774. Grnduated at Har-
vard. t;tuùieù law and praeti:::ed at Bu:::ton.
'Ia,.;s, \Vas elected for a number of term
to
the )Ia:::;:achusetts legislature. I:,;
ued politi-
cal, moral, and historical .. Cla,.;s-Books "
(1831-
) and" .Fnmiliar Letters on the Pub-
lic :\len of the Revolution" (1834). Died,
Boston, ::\las5., a Sept.. 18:W.
SUMNER, Charles,
tatesllHm. ù. Bos-
ton, :\la5s.. 6 Jan., 1811. Grmluated at Har-
vard. AIlol'ted the legal l'ruf('
,.;i,}u. and
wrote for the " American J uri
t." 'Yas re-
porter of the L. S. cin'uit court from 1835 to
1!::\8i, when he vi
itell Europe, remaining-
until 1
-10. Sympathized strongly with the
abolition m0Vel1lpnt. His oration at Boston,
4Juh-. 1
4.j, nn ,. The True UrandeurofXa-
tions:" an elO(I Uf'nt plf'1l again:::t war, made
him famou,.;. PubJi:-ohed" Orations and
Speeche:," (18:JO). Was elected L. S. sena-
tor. 1:::;,:;1. The following year his speeeh,
"Freedom Xatiollal.
la\""Crv Sectional,"
establi:::hed his po
ition as a pàrty leader. A
controyer:::ial riyalrv ùetwecn
UlUner and
Stephen
\. Doughls resulted from thi:::..
The fury of parti,.;an feeling eulminated in
a yiolent as,.;ault on t;umner by Prt.'ston A.
Brook:", a representatiYe fron; ::South Caro-
lina, who dealt a series of blows \\ ith a club
on Sumner's head in the senate chambel'.
1t;.")û. The pro\-oeation had been ::Sumner's
sharp rebuke of Senator Butler, a relati,-e of
Brook,,',;;, in the debate on the admis:::ionof
Kall,.;a,.;. f:;umner wa,.; incapaeÏtated for a
consideralJle period. He was rcëlected to
the ::,enatè in 1
.Yj, and soon after" ent to
Europe for
urgical treatment. Rc
umed
attendance, I8,")U. ::\lnde a powerful slwech
on .. The Barbarism of
laYery," 1
(jO. 'Y,1";
appointed chairman of the committee on
foreign affair;:, l::;ü1. Stood for emant"Ìpa-
tion throughout the war, and voted for
Pre:"ident John
on's impeachment a,.; a ne-
ce
;:ity to the final cru,.;}lÍng- of slawrv. In
18.2 "ïntrod uced a hill gi
ing ewry .le,
;tl
civil right to the negro. which did not win
his party's support. .. 'York;: of {,harles
Stunner," 1,3 \"ols., were i,.;
ued, 18.0-:-::3.
Dit'd, Washington, D. C., 11 :\lar.. 11::<..J,.
SUMNER, William Graham, etIueator,
b. Paterson, X. J., 30Uct...l
-10. Graduated
at Yale. After a fcw ,-ears' sen-ice a,.; an
Epi:::eol'al clergyman iti' Xew York eity, he-
came profes
or of political and :,ooeial seience
at 1 ale in I::;.:!.
ome of his works are
.. IIi,.;tory of American Currency" (18î4),
., Andrew Ja.ckson a
a Public )lan "(1
:2),
"Economic I'roùlell1:::" (1
-l), .. E:-':"av
in
Political and ::So('ial :::;Óence" (lb83),' and
.. Protectionism" (1885).
SWING, David, clergyman. n. Cincin-
nati. U., 2;3
\l1g.. It:::JU. (';'mduatcd at
)Iinmi uniycl'sity. Hearl ma
ter of the uni-
Yer,.;ity grammai' school from 1
.H to 1!3fiü,
In the latter year wa,.; called to ùe pastor of
a. Prc,.;byterian ('hure-h in Chieago. He wao;
trieù for herc:::y in 1Hî 4 amI wa
ucquittcd.
ùut ,.;horth" aftcnmrd he witlulrew with his
congre
atÌon from the Pre
hytcrian chun-h
nnd formpd an ilHlependent :::()('Ìety. In uu-
dition to :-eyeral ,.llUlll(,
llf
crJllons he hus
puùli:::heJ .. The :\lotin,.; of Life," .. Club
E,.;says," and" Tmths for To-dn
"(1
î-l),
SWINTON, John, journali:"t. ù. t;alton,
Hadllin!rton,.;hire. Scotland. 1:2 Dee.. Ism.
Came to
('aHalla in I8-1:
, and finally :,;ettletl
59j
8WI.NTON-TEGUMSEH.
at Xew York dt. in 185i. \Yas a member
of the K, Y. .. Tï"mes ., editorial staff during
t he civil war, afterward becoming managing
editor of the X. Y. .. Sun:' From 1t'
3 t'O
1t-:8i he published" John Swinton's Paper,"
a weekly journal devoted to the furtherance
of labor-reform. His most important publi-
ations are" X ew Issue: the Chinese-Amer-
i<:an
uestion "(18iO), " A Eulogy on Henry
J. Raymond" (18.0), "J ohn Swinton's
Travels" (1880), and .. Oration on John
Brown" (1881),
SWINTON, William, b, Salton, Scot-
land, 23 April, 1833. Brother of John
Swinton. Occupied as tea<:her and profes-
sor until 1838, when he joined the staff of
the X. Y. "Times" and was its army corre-
spondent during the ci,"il war. \\'as sub-
sequently profe,..:
or of belles-lettres at the
university of California. After 1tr;4 residell
in Brooklyn, X. Y., occupied with the
preparation of educational works. \Yrote
several military historie,..:, including" Cam-
paigns of the
\rmy of the Potomac ., (1866)
and" The Twelve Decisive Battles of the
\Yar " (lR67).
SYMMES, Thomas, clergyman, b.
Bradford, )Iass., 1 Feb., 167S. Graduated
at Harvard, )Iinister at Boxford, .:\la::,s.,
1702-8, and at Bradford, )Iass., from 1708
until his death. Author of .. Lovewell La-
menteù; or a Sermon occa:-:ioned b,' the fail
of the brave Capt. John IJovewe11" with
., Histori<:al ::\lemoirs of the Late Fight at
Piggwacket" (172.')). Died, 6 Oct., 17
3.
Taney, Roger Brooke [.Noted Saying:
Vol. XL, page 453], b, Cah-ert Co., )ld., I';
l\Iar.,17.;. Chief-justice of U. S. supreme
court, 183G-64. Died, Washington, D. C.,
12 Oct.. 1864.
TAPPAN, William Bingham, b. Bev-
erlv. .:\Iass.. 29 Oct" 1794. For man v wars
a general agent of the American Si.lliday-
school union. \Yas licensed to preach in
1841. Author of several volumes of poetry,
largely religious. Died, \Yest Xeedham,
::\la,..:s., 18 June, 1849.
Tattnall,Josiah[ Soted Saying: Y 01. XI.,
page 453], b, near Savannah, Ga., 9 XOY.,
1.tl3. An officer in the r. S. navv until
1t-:ü1. Sen-ed through the civil wÚ in the
Confederate navy, IJied,
avannah, Ga., 14
June. 1871.
TAYLOR, Bayard, traveller, diploma-
tist, and journalist, h. Kennett Square,
Chester Co.. Penn., 11 Jan., 1
:). Of
ua-
ker lineage. Heceh-ed a hig-h-
chool educa-
tion. ContriLuted poem::; to local newspapers
as early as 1841, and in 1844. a:-:sisted Ly the
advice of Rufus \\'. Griswold, brought out
his first volume. .. Ximena, and Other Po-
ems." The
allle year macle an arrangement
with three new
papers. including the X. Y.
,. Tribune," by whi(.h he was to supply them
with letters from abroad,
IlHI commenced
his famous walk through Europe, which
lasted two .ears. On his return these letters
were collec'ted as .. Yiews .Afoot, or Europe
seen with Knapsack and
taff" (1846). Of his
subsequent hooks of travel eleven titles ap-
peared, covering his journeyings in all parts
of the worM. The final one of the series was
"Egypt and Iceland .. (18;4). On arriving
home trom one of his trips in 1S:>3. he com-
menced a course of popular lectures through
the country, an occupation frequentlyaftèr-
ward followe<l with f"uccess. IIis connection
with the
. Y." Tribune" was maintained
with longer or shorter intenals until his
death. Of his volumes of poems there ap-
peared "Rhymes of Travel" (1848), ,,_-\.
Book of HOlIulllces, Lyrics, and Songs"
(1t-::)1), "Poems of the Orient" (1t)
4). "The
Poet's Journal" (18ü
), "The Picture of
t,
John" (1tìüf)), "The l\Iasque of the Gods"
(18;2), · 'Lars, a Pastoral of X orway " (18.3),
.. The Prophet" (18.4), "Home Pastorals"
(18.
), "The Xational Ode," deliYered at
the Centennial of Independence (1876), anù
"Prince Deukalion ., (1878). Deep stlHlies
in the life and works of Goethe culminat-
ed, 1870-1, in a poetical translation of
"Faust," pre:,erving the original metre
.
The completion of an intended life of
Goethe, on a scule not hitherto attempted,
was prevented by death. )[r. Taylor wrote
four novels, among which "The Story of
Kennett" (1tì6ü) is inclmled. Some of his
miscellanies were collected, edited, anù
i
sued po
thumously by his wife, .:\Iarie
Ilunsen-TaYlor, who also. with the aid of
Horace E.
cUl1ùer, completed in 1884 the
.. Life and Letters of Bayard '1'avlor:' :Mr,
Tay lor was l.. S. secretai.y of legation at 8t,
Petersburg in 18ü2, and had but recently
presented his credentials as L.
. minister
to Germany when overtaken by fatal illness,
Died, Berlin, Germany, 19 Dec., 1878.
TAYLOR, Benjamin Franklin, b, Lo"\\"-
yille, N. Y., 19 July, 1::;19, Graduated at
:i\Iadison uni,-ersity, Early entered journal-
ism, and was fiehl-correspollllent of the Chi-
cago ., J ourual ,. during the ch-il "ar. Sub-
sequently became a traveller and lecturer.
\Vas popular as a poet in the \Y cst.
\mong
his books arc "Pietures in Camp and Field"
(1871). .. Old-Time Pictures, and Sheaves of
Rhyme" (1874). amI .. Complete Poem
"
(1
7). Died, Cleyeland, 0., 24 Feb., 1A87.
Taylor, Zachary [Xoted Saying: Vol.
XL, p. 432]. b. Orange Co., Ya., 2-1: Sept.,
1784. Served as major-general ill the l\leÅi-
can war. Twelfth president of the rnited
States, 1849-30. Died, \Yashington, D. C.,
9 July, 1850.
TECUMSEH, Indian chief, b. near the
present town of Springfield, 0" about
1768. A leading chief of the Shawnees.
From 1804 until his death was constantly
engaged in inciting the frontier tribes of the
TENNEY -TIIOJfPSOY.
593
rnited States to reyolt against the whites.
Joinetl forces with the English in the war of
1812. His" Life" was written by Benjamin
Drake (18-H). Fell at the hattle of the
Thames, Canada. .3 Oct., ]
13.
TENNEY, Tabitha [Gilman], b. Exe-
ter, S, II., 176
. Daughter of Samuel Gil-
man of that place. Educated by her mother.
"-as married, 1 ;
8, to Samuel Tenney. and.
on his election to congress. accom}Janied
him to ,,- ashington for several :,ea:<ons, Au-
thor of "Female Quixotism: exhibited in
the Romantic Opinions and Extrayagant
-\fhentures of Dorcasina Sheldon" (]t;Oti).
Died, Exeter, X. II., 2 :'Ilay, 1837,
TERHUNE, Mary Virginia [Hawes],
":\Iarion Harland," b. Amelia Co., Va.,
1!-'8-. \Y as married. 18.36, to Rey. Edwal"ll
p, Terhune. pastor of a Presbyterian church
at Brooklyn,
. Y. In It;
8 she founded
the" IIOlÏ1e-)[aker," a domestic magazine.
lIer novels include ..
\lone ,. (1853), .. ::\1iri-
am" {18GO), "J uùith" (1883), anù many
others. Of her seyeral books on dome
tic
economy the mo
t noted is "Common Scnse
in the H'ou
ehold ., (1871).
THACHER, Anthony, colonist, b.
England, about 1:iRS. A resident of Salis-
bury, Wiltshire. Sailed for Boston in the
.Jmilf's, arriving 3 June, 1G35. "Trecked on
Thachcr's islalH1. Cape .Ann, the August fol-
lowing, \\ hen all on board were lost, except
Jus wife amI himself. His" Karratiye" was
written as a letter shortly after this ewnt,
and was first printed in 'Increa
e ::\[ather's
"Illustrious Proyidences" (1 ()t{-1). Died,
Yarmouth, :;\Iass" 1GG
.
THACHER, James, phy
ician. b. Barn-
stable, )[ass., 1-1 Feh., 1,.")4.
tudied medi-
cine there under Dr. _\1mer Hersey, and
el'\""ed as a surg-eon in the _\meriean army
through the Reyolution, l)eing present at
many important action
in that struggle.
Subsequently pr:1cti:-:ed at Plymouth, )[as
,
I
:;ued a number of merlical work
anll an
., .A1f\el'Íean :\Iedical Biography" (1
28).
The chief of his more pnrcl
T literary pub-
lications is his ")[ilitary Journal of the
Ameriean Reyolutionarv "-ar" (182:J. 1'e-
vispd cd. 182';). It is a tru
t\\Orthv and in-
teresting record of eyents witnessed hv the
huthor. Died, Plymouth, :\[ass..' 2G )Iay,
18-1-1.
THAXTER, Celia [Laighton], ù. Ports-
mouth,
, II.. 2!) .1 unc, H
:
6, lIer father
'H1S Thomas B. Luig-hton, keeper of the
lighthouse 011 1he J",les of Shoals. X. II.
TIpI' girlhood ana much of her sub
equent
life were pa:<
eL1 on these islanlls. She was
marriea, 1ti.")1, to Levi Lincoln Thaxter,
well known as an interpreter of Browning's
poetry. A series of papers by :\11'5. Thaxter
in 1 he ., _-\.tluntic )[ont hlv" wa-- collected as
" _\mong the hIes of Shoals" (1
7:3). This
\Hl
followed by " Poem
" (18';-1:), "Drift-
VOL. XI.-38
weed ., (1878), " Poems for C'hihlren ., (1884),
and" The Cruise of the :'II ystery, and Other
Poems ,. (18 Q 6), "
THAYER, Stephen Henry, ùanker. b.
Xew Irswich, K. II., 16 Dec., 1
3f). Studied
fit
\ppleton Hcademy, X. H, Removed to
Tarr"\'"town, X. Y., in 1868, and afterward
residèd there, conducting a banking busi-
ne
s in Xew York city, A contributOl' of
poetry and essays to' the magnzines, and
author of" Songs of Sleepy Hollow" (188G).
THAYER, William Roscoe, b. Boston,
:\[ass., 16 Jan., 1R.i!). Graduated at Har-
yard. Occupied with editorial work in Phil-
adelphia, Penn., from 1882 to 188.3. Became
instructor in English at Harvard, 18::;8. Is-
sued "Confes
ions of Hermes, and Other
Poems" (188-1), .. Hesper; an American
Drama" (1f'88), and" 'rhe Best Elizaùethan
Pla
Ts " (1!-'!l0).
THOMAS, Edith Matilda, b. Chat-
ham, 0.. 12 Aug., 18.")4. Educated at the
Genevu, 0., normal school. She had con-
tributed occasionally to various periodicals
when in 1t181 she mude the aCtluaintance of
::\1rs. IIelen .Jackson. ::\[r:-:. Juck
on hccume
deepJy interested in :\Ii:"s Thomu
':; poetical
work, and encouragerl her to write for the
nwgazines. The latter's poems at once came
into popular favor. In 1888 :\Ii",s Thomas
rcmoH'd to X ew York city. IIer volumes
arc "
Xew Y car's )Iasquè, and Other Po-
ems" (]
Q.")), "The Hound Year" (188(i),
amI" Lyrics amI Sonnets ., (1887).
THOMAS, Frederick William, b. Proy-
itlence, R. I., 2;') Od., 1808. Was admitted
to the 1mr and practi
ed law at different
periods, hut was chiefly occupied with jour-
nalism in Ohio and South Carolina. Author
of the song "'Tis said that absence con-
quers loye:" and issued ,. The Emigrant,"
poem (1833), "The Beechen Trce, and
Other Poems " (18-10), and seycral no\'els,
Died. Washington, D, C., 30 Sept., 1Hlili.
THOMAS, Gabriel, colonist. The dates
and pJaces of his birth amI dcath are not
knO\\ n.
lIlemùer of \V illiam Penn's com-
pany of Quakers, sailing from .Eng-lalld in
olle of the- fir
t vessels, the John and .1JIary,
1G81. lIe residcd in Pennsylnmia nlld Xew
J erscy for fifteen years, al1<'l had returned to
England by lG98, when he puhli
hed" An
Historical alld Geographical Account of the
Province aIHl Country of Pensil \ ania, and
of 'Y est-X ew-J ersey,"
THOMPSON, Benjamin, Count Rum-
ford, physicist Hnd statesman, b. \\Tnhurn,
Iass., 26 :\Iar.. 1i5:3. Heceived a COllllIlon-
school education, whit'h he follO\H>ll up with
mathematical anù medical sturlies. III' af-
terward attelldell a cour
e of lectures in
phy:-:icsat Harnml. Taug-ht school at Hum-
ford (now Conconl), :K. II.. mul rf'ceiyed an
appointment in the militia. 1mt flllh.ia} jeal-
ousy amI 13USl'icioll of his luyalty to tIll'
504
TIIOJIPSON-TIIOREA U,
American cause deprh-ed him of thi:'! office
and prevented }lim from joining the Conti-
nental army. Sailed for Eng-lana in ] 7..),
and hecame umler-secretal"\" in the British
colonial office, In 1.tH rettirned to .America
as an officer ill the British arm\". Eutered
the senice of the elector of Ba,=aria at the
close of the UC\'olution [1:; ilide-de-emu!> awl
chamberlain. Heorg-amzed the Banlrian
army and instituteù man\"" domestic refurm:;.
Bec.lme minister of wai., and in 1 ì!W was
made a count of the lIoh- Roman Empire,
with the title of Rumfoi.ù, taken from hi:;'
place of resilIence in X ew Ham pshire. Prom
] i9;) to 1799 lived at intervals in England,
and in 1802 remo,"ell permanPlltly to Paris.
During all his residence in .Europe he had
been occupied with scientific im'estigations,
which resulte<l in nmnerous uscful in'''el}-
tions. At Paris he chiefly interested him-
self with researche:; inliglìt and heat. Some
of his many pamphlets amI papers were
collected as ,. E,.;say", Politic;tl, l-:f'onomical,
and Philosophical ,. (1 i!)(Î), and in 187G ap-
peared "l{umfol'lrs Complete 'V orks," in
five volumes. Died.
\utcuil, near Paris,
France, 21 Aug., 18]4.
THOMPSON,DanielPierce, b. Charles-
town, Mass" 1 Oct., 1793. Graduated at
[ïd-
dlehurv college, amI entered the bar. \Vas
derk of the Yermont legislature, 1R;30-3,and
compilec1 the" Laws of \
ermont from 1824
to 1t1:H." \Vas jwlge of prohate, 18:37-40.
clerk of the supreme court. ]
43-:J, and
seeretan' of state, 1
:)3-5. From 18..19 to
18.")0 edÌted the ,. Green )lountain FrC'e-
man." Among his puhlications are "The
A(h-entures of Timothy PcacocJ
, Esq" or
Freemasonry Practically IlJu
trated" (1t;;};)).
.. Jlay )Iartin, or the )Ioney-Diggers"
(18:35), "The Green :Mountain Boys, a Ro-
mance of the He,-olution" (1840), " Locke
Amsden. or the Schoolmaster" (1843), "Lucy
Hosmer" (18-18), "The Hangers, or the
Tory's Daughter" (IS:)I), "'rales of the
Green ::\Iountains" (18.")2), "Gaut Gurle
",
or the Trappers of Lake r mhagog" (1
3Î),
"The Doomed Chief" (It-1üO), .. Cellteola.
and Other Tales" (1
G4), aIHI .. IIi
tol'Y of
Montpelier, 178]-1t)GO." Diell, )[ontpelier,
Yt., Ii June. 18G8.
THOMPSON, John, clergyman, b. near
Belfast, Ireland, about thc beginning of
the ei
hteenth century. Onlained deacon in
the Church of England at Loudon. ] 7:34.
Subsequently became rector of St. .1\1ark's
parbh, Culpeper county, Va., anù marrieù
the widow of Governor Spotswood. IIi::;
amusing letter, presenting arguments why
she should marry him, is preserved in
Slaughter's" Ilistorv of St. Jlark's Parish:'
THOMPSON, Jòhn Randolph [Reu-
ben, in Appleton's Cyc. Amer. Biog.], jonr-
nali
t, b. Richmoml, Y it.. 2:
Oct..] 82::. Gracl-
uated at the univer
ity ofYirginia, Entered
t llf' profC'ssion of the law at Richmond, but
oon ahandoned it to assume the editorship
of the "Southern J...iteral'
' Jlessenger,'
which he helll for twC'lve years, This maga-
zine lImIer his administration attained a
positiun of much literary importance, He
was obliged to resign his o1fiee in 1839,
on account of failing strength, and for a
while edited a paper in .Augusta, Ga. Sailed
fur London in It)ü;;, and gained a tempo-
rary improvement in health. While there
contributed to yarious English journals.
Returned to America amI was literary edi-
till' of the K. Y. "E,-ening Post'" until
18,
. when his health again failed, and a
trip to I>enycr, Col., pro\"ell of no an1il.
His poems lun"e neYer heen collected. Died,
Xew York, N. Y., 30 April, 18ì3.
THOMPSON, Maurice, h. Fairfiehl,
11111., 9
ept., 1t!H. Was taken as a child
to Kentuck
-, and subsequently to northern
neorgia, where he received his education
from prh-ate tutors. Entered the Confed-
erate senicc at the opening of the cidl war
aull sen-ed through that struggle, Afterward
remowd to Indiana, and was occupiell with
railroad sune
ing and engineering for
sOllie Years, .Finally studied law and estah-
Ibhe,l a practiee àt Crawfordsville, Ind.
Prom U
8.") to 18SD he was state geologi
t of
Indiana, resuming his law business in the
latter Yf'aJ'. _\ frequent contributor to the
magazinf's ancl periodicals. Beeame in l
no
a staff writer for the X. Y. "Independent."
His yolumes include "Hoosier )IosaiC's"
(18,3). "The Witchery of Archery" (18i8).
., A Tallahassee Girl " (181:12). " His Second
Campaign"(1882), .. Songs of .Fnir Weather"
(188ð), .. At Lm-e's Extremes" (1883). .. By-
ways nnd BinI Kotes" (]88:J). "Syh'an SC'-
erets, in Bird-:-iongs and Books" (188ì),
., The Story of Loui
iana" (1888), and" ...\
Fortnight of FoUy" (181;8).
THOMPSON, William Tappan, jour-
nalist, b. l{ayenna, 0., 31 .Aug., 1tH2. After
Yflrious journalistic uti "enture
, founded in
1tì:)0 the Sanlllnah, Ga., "
lorning Xew::;,"
for which he wrote until his death. Seryed
in the Confederate army during the ciyil
war. Author of seyeral humorous books, of
which .. Jlajor .Tones's ('Olllt
hip" (18-10) is
the mo:;t noteù. Died, Sayannah. Ga., 24
JIar., 1882.
THOREAU, Henry David, b. ConcoI'll,
)[as"., 12 July, 181 i. Graduated at Har-
yard, 1tt3i. His father was a man of small
means, and Henry kept himself, wOIo'king- ill
yarious ways, teaching school, leeturing,
writing, sun-eying, making- pencils. engi-
neering, and carpentering. He hacllittle re-
sl'cct for society, much for simplicity of life;
carriecl his individualism into practiee,
withdrew from society, and never marrieù.
In ]tì3Ð he amI a hrother spent a week in a
hUUle-made boat, caUl ping out. Ten) ears
THORPE-TINCKER.
595
later appeared his account of the trip, "A
\\" f'ek on the Concord and
J errimac
Rh"ers" (184$)), fi book of unique interest.
With a few dollars of capital he bought
ome lumher. cut and carried more, built
him:<elf, 1:)43, a hut on the edge of Walden
pom1, on ground owned by Emer:<on, and
li\-ed in it for two and a quarter years, He
farmed a little and did odd joLs for neigh-
1)ors to eke out his sustenance during the
winter months. In his account of his life
here, "Walden, or Life in the Woods "
(1t;34), he tells how he managed. He was al-
ways a resident of Concord. Though a stoic
in practice, he had a soaring imagination,
and enjoyed to the full companion:<hip with
Homer and with the great poets down to the
seventeenth century. \Vent topri
on rather
than pay taxes to a state that sanctioned
slavery, Held strong views upon social
questions, and found keen enjoyment in asso-
ciating with and learning the habits of the
birds and animals, In his carl V" manhood he
had written some verse, of whÍch fragments
only remain. Contrihuted much to "The
Dia1,"" Democratic Heyil'w."" Graham's,"
.' Putnam's," and the" rnion " magazines,
the "Atlantic 31onthly." and the X. Y.
"Tribune." He was a èlose
tUllent of na-
ture, and original in his interpretations,
Five allditional books appeared after his
death, .. Excursions in Field and Fore:;:t,"
with a memoir by Emer:<on (1:-;(1:1), "The
:i\1aine W ood
.. (18G4), ., Cape Cod ., (IRG.)),
"Letters to Y arious Per:<on:<" (18G;J), and
"
\ Yankee in ('anaaa " (18GI;). Died, ('on-
corll. :Uas:<.. G :\[ay, 18G:?
THORPE Thomas Bangs, journalh,[. b.
Westfield, 1tÌass" 1 Mar., 1tH.'j, EditeLl
various papers in Louisiana. and in 1
3!) be-
callie propl'ietorof the "X. Y. ,. Spirit of the
Times," IIb
ketch entitle,l ,. Tom Owen,
the Bee-Hunter," first Lrought him reputa-
tion. Among his hooks arc" Jly4eries of
the Rackwoods" (Iti46), "The lliye of the
Bee-Hunter" (1R.,)4), and ..
cene:; in
\rkan-
sa w " (18;)t;), Died, K ew York, X, Y., ()ct.,
1:)-;8,
TICKNOR, Francis Orrery, physician,
b. Baldwin Co.. Ga., 1822. Studied medi-
cine in Xew York city anù Phihulell'hia, and
r racti
ecl as a physieian near Columhu:<, Ga.
lis Ivrics of the civil war were fa'"orites
in th'e South. A p04humous volume of
" Poem
" appearecl in 1
7!1. edited hy Paul
H. Hayne. Died. near Columbus, Ga., 11'1;4.
TICKNOR, George, b. Boston, :\Iass.,
1 Aug-., Ii!}l. GraduateLl at Dartmouth,
ArlmitteLl to the har, 1813.
pent four
)ears in study in Europe. \Yas appointed
ùurin
hi:; ab
enée professor of modern
languages and Jiterature in Han-ar.I.
Hi
lectures attracteil man v scholarly ulHli-
tors he:<Ïlles the students: Hesignèil his
chair in 1tj35, after haYing introduceLl nen
and valuable methods based on his ohse
vat ions at European ('olleges. Spent four
years in Europe, 18a.'i-8, and, returning, de-
.....oted his whole time to the production of
his great work, the "II istory of
panish
Literature ., (1t;4!), new and re,'i:<ed editions
in 1
i)4, 1
{j3, and 18;1). This wa::.- ac-
cepted at once as a standard work by Euro-
pean critiC's. In addition to this he brought
out n .. Syllabus of a COUl
e of Lee1ures on
the IIistòry anll Criticism of Spanish Lit-
erature" (1t)23), "Outline of the Principal
Events in the Life of General Lafayette"
(18
,'j), "Remarks on Changes lntelÿ Pro-
posed or Adoptpd in Han-ard Cni\"ersity"
(1
.)), "Heport of the BoarLl of Yisitors on
the r. S. :\[j\itan- Åeuùemv at West Point"
(18211), .. Remains of i\jathan A pplet("IIl
Haven."itha Jlemoir"(182'ì), and" Life of
William Hil"kling Prescott" (1:)6:3). The
" Lifp, Letters and Journals of George Tick-
nor" appeareLl in 1ti,G. Died, Boston,
:\Iass., 26 J an., 1871.
TILDEN, -, h. 16Rfi. Issued a vol-
ume entitlpII "Tile len's )liseellimeous Po-
ems on Divers Oceasions, Chiptly to Ani-
mate find Hou:.'e the
oldiers" (175()). It
was written at the time of the Freneh and
Indian war, and was reprintel1 in the X. y,
" II istorical :\Ingazine " fOl' It!3U-60. Tilden
died about 176G.
TILTON, Theodore, journalist. b. K ew
lork, X. Y., 2 Oct., 1
:3.). Graduated at
the college of Xew York. Joined the edi-
torial staff of the K. Y. " Inde}Jendent " in
1
;j(j, retaining the conneetion until 1:)71.
Foul1llell and ce1ited the X. Y. "Golden
.Age." It)72-J. Deyotell mU(.h time to lec-
turing. Hesided in Europe after 1883,
\uthor of .. The
exton's Talc, and Other
Popms" (18(jì)," Tcmpest Tos
ed," romance
(It'ì3), and '''rhouand 1," poems(1
O).
TIMROD, Henry, b. Charleston. S. C.,
8 Dec., 1
!). Studied, without gmdlwting,
at the uniyersity of Georgia. Began the
study of the law, but abandoned it, awl fol-
lowed the occupation of fi prinlte tutor until
the eivil war. He then ent(,I"('(1 journali
JJl,
first as a war corre
pol1llent. and afterwHnl
as editor of a paper in ('olumhia, :-:;. ('.
\1l
his belongings were l"_,,tro)ed hy the Lurn-
ing of that éity at the time of
herman's
march to the s('a. lUll] he sU(,l.umbed to a
1mrden of ill-health and }loH'rty within two
vears.
lal1V of his war h ri('
\\l're fayorites
in the
out"t.. .\ volumè of hi
poems \HlS
pubIislled in lR(jO, a))ll in 11'),3 appearcil
.. The Poems of Henry Timrod,Edited, with
a Sketch of the POI't's Life, h,- Paul II.
lIa
"ne." DieLl, Columbia, B. C" G"o('t., It;(j7.
TINCKER, Mary Agnes, h. Ells\n>rt h,
:\1('., 1H .Juh, It)j3. Studied at tlw Blue
Hill, )[e., aC'åclen1V. Became a memJer of
the Homan l'atlll",lie dmrch in IHWt a.nd
act('d as hospital nurse in \V u:<hington, D.
596
"T. J[,"-TROJVBRIDGE.
C., during the latter part of the civil war.
Afterward resided in Boston until 18.3,
chiefly occupied in writing for the" Catho-
lic \V or
d." In that veal' she went to Italy,
returning to Boston in 18
7. Her book!': iÌl-
elude '
The House of Yorke," novel (1872),
" A \Vingèd Word," stories (1t\73), "Grapes
and Thorns" (18.4), "Six Sunny l\Ionths"
(1878), "Signor l\Ionaldini's
lece" (1879),
.. By the 'Tiber" (1881), "The Jewel in the
Lotus" (1884), " Aurora" (188.3), and" Two
Coronets" (1889).
"T. M." The manuscript relation signed
with these initials wa!': purchased by Uufus
King at an auction sale in London, and by
him forwarded to Thomas Jefferson in 1803.
I t is dated 13 July, 170.3, thirty years after
the events it describes, and is in the form of
a report to Robert Harley, principal secre
tarvof state of Great Britain, who had aske
l
the' writer for an account of the so-called
"Bacon's Rebellion," The manuscript was
first printed in the Richmond, Va., "En-
quireI''' for Sept., 1804, and afterward in
"Force's Historical Tracts." "'1'.1\1." is
supposed by Charles Campbell to have been
Thomas JIattllPws, son of Col. Samuell\Iat-
thews, sometime governor of Yirginia. "T.
::\1., " bv his own account, \Va.., a member of
the ni'ginia assembly.
TODD, John, clergyman, b. Rutland,
Vt., 9 Oct" 1800. Graduated at Yale. Was
pastor of the first Congregational church in
Pittsfield,
Iass., from 1842 to 1872. A
founder of the :Mount Holvoke female sem-
inary. His writings wer("voluminous, and
some of his books reached a sale of over a
hundred thousand copies. Author of" Lec-
tures to Children" (1834-58), .. Student's
Ianual" (183;)), and "\V oman's Hights"
(1
?). Died, Pittsfield, )fass., 24 Aug.,
18/..1.
TOMPSON, Benjamin, educator, b.
Braintree, l\Iass., 14 July, 1642. Graduated
at Harvard. Became principal of the Har-
vard preparatory school at Cambridge, Hi.O.
The first native New England poet. Selec-
tions from his" Xew England's Crisis" are
given in Kettell's" SpeciÍnens of American
Poetry." The poem was puhlished about
167.3, and dealt with King Philip's war,
then in progress. Several short pieces by
Tompson are found in 1\Iather's ":Mag-
nalia." Died, probably at Roxbury, ::\Iass.,
13 April, 1714.
TOOMBS, Robert, legislator, b. Wash-
ington' Ga" 2 July, uno. Graduated at
ü nion college, and entered the bar. \Vas
U. :-). representative from Georgia, 1845-
53, and U, S. senator, 1853-61. Re
igned
from the senate at the opening of the ci,'il
war, and became a member of the Confed-
erate cabinet. Soon after entered the Con-
ferate army as brigadier-general. He-
fn
ed to take the oath of allegiance after
the war, and ne'"er regained his political
rights. Died, 'Washington, Ga., 15 Dec.,
1t;83. ,
TOURGEE, Albion Winegar, b. \Vil-
liamsfield, 0.. 2 1\Iay, 1838. Served in the
Union army during the civil war. Subse-
quentlyestablished himself as a lawyer and
editor at Greensboro', X. C., meeting with
the experiences which form the basis of his
reconstruction novels. Was judge of the su-
perior court of X orth Carolina, 1868-.4.
Edited "The Continent" at Philadelphia,
1882-5. Authorof ',
\. PoorsErrand" (18.9),
" Bricks without Straw" (1880), amI .. An
Appeal to Cresar" (1884).
TOWLE, George Makepeace, b. Wash-
ington' D. C., 27 Aug., 18-H. Graduateù at
Yale. \Vas for several years U, :S. consul in
France and England, l:eturning to .\meriea
in 1870, and entering journalism at Boston,
)Iass. Some of his books are" Glimpses of
History" (1865), "American Society" (1870), .
" Beaconsfield" (1878), "Certain l\Ien of
1\Iark" (1880), "England amI Russia in
Asia" (1885), and "England in Egypt"
( 18
(j).
TOWNSEND, George AUred, "Gath,"
b. Georgetown, Del., 30 Jan., 1841. Entered
journali
m in 1860. \Vas correspondent for
the N. Y. .. Herald" and" \Vorld" during
the civil war, and afterward hecame a leC't-
urer and general writer for periodicals.
Author of "Campaigns of a Non-Comba-
tant" (IS03), "Poems" (1870), "\V ashing-
ton Outsiùe and Inside " (l
71), "Talcs of
the Chesapeake " (1880), and" The Entailed
Hat" (1884).
TOWNSEND, Mary Ashley [Van
Voorhis], " Xariffa," b. Lyons, 'Vayne Co.,
N. Y., 1832. WasmfirriedtoGideoll Town-
send of Xew Orleans, La., which city be-
came her permancnt home. \Vas appointed
to deliver the poem at the opening of t.he
Xew Orleans exposition of 1884. Her books
are" The Brother Clerks" (183
1), " Poems"
(1::;70), .. The Captain's Story" (18.4), anù
"Down the Bayou, and Other Poems"
(1
:?).
TROWBRIDGE, John Townsend, b.
Ogden, ::\Ionroe Co., N. Y., 18 Sept., 1827.
The son of a farmer, he gained his ednca-
tion in country schools and bv self-instruc-
tion. RemovelÌ to X ew Y Ol:k city, 184û,
and to Boston, 1848. supporting himself by
contributions to periodicals, Subsequently
devoted himself entircly to literary "ork.
Gained reputation as a writer of popular
hooks for the young, and as a delineator of
New Englanù life. "The Vagabonds" is his
best-known poem. Some of his hooks are
"Father Brighthopes" (18fi
), "Neighbor
J ackwood," novel (1857), "The Drummer-
Boy," (1t;6:
). "The V agahonds, and Uther
Popms "(11jf)D), " Coupon Bonds. and Other
Stories 'J (1f-!71), "The Emigrant's Story,
TRU]IBULL-l'UDOR.
597
and Other Poems" (1875), and "The Lost
Earl. and Uther Poems " (1
8
).
TRUMBULL, James Hammond, phi-
lologist, b. Stonington. Conn., 20Dec., 1821.
Hesided in Hartford, Conn., after 1847, and
was secretary of state for Connecticut,
1861-4, Wwi made president of the Con-
necticut Hi:st. Soc. in 18()3, anù became an
officer and member of many other learned
societie!':. Issued numerous works relating
to the Indian languages of Korth America
and the history of Connecticut.
TRUMBULL, John, lawyer, b. West-
bury, now Watertown. Conn.. 24 April,
17.30. Cousin of Gov. Jonathan Trumbull.
Graduated at Yale, 1767, having passed the
entrance-examination when sewn years old.
though not admitted until the age of
thirteen. In 176D puhlbheù with Timothy
Dwight, in Boston and Xew Han
n periotl-
icals, a series of e!':says after the manner of
the "Spectator." "'astutorat Yale from
1771 to 1773, when he was admitted to the
bar at Xew Haven. Afterward studied in
the office of John Adams at Boston, finally
returning to Xew Hayen to practise. Pub-
lished ., The Progress of Dulness," 1772-4,
a satirical poem on the educational methods
of the time. no contributed to the litera-
ture of the Reyolution an "Elegy on the
Times" (1774). relating to the Boston port
bill. and his famous" )I'Fingal, a
Iodern
Epic Poem" (1774-82). The latter was writ-
ten in Ihulibrastic verse, and satirized the
follies of his countrnnen as well as thoso
of their enemies. .l\lòre than thirtr pirnted
editions of this poem were issued. Trumbull
remoyed to Hartford in 1781. and was there
as
ociated with the ., Hartford \\Tits " in the
pro(hH'tion of "The Anarchial! " (17t;6-7).
11\ 11-:01 he was made judge of the superior
court. scrving until 181H. From 1825 nntil
his dl'ath he residcd at Detroit. Mich. "The
Poetical "'orks of John Trumhull" ap-
pearl'll
n 18
0. Died, Dctroit, l\Iich., 10
)la
', 18.'H.
TRUMBULL, John, arti!':t. b. Lebanon,
Conn., 6 June, 17.36. Graduated at Har-
Yard.
erved as an aille-de-camp of \Va
h-
ing-ton em'lv in tho HeyolutioI1. hut re:::ig-ned
in L 1777. mill stUllied art at LOIHIon uIlller
Benjamin \Ye!':t. He remaiued in Europe
for long- pel'iolls, a11l1 when in America re-
sidell chiefly in Xew York city. IIi
best-
known pairÌtin:.:-
arc the històrical scenes
in the l'f\tunduof tho capitol at "
ashington,
and his portraits of Ueorge "ra;;hiugton.
bsued his ., .\utobio,gmphy." 1
41. Dieù.
Xew York. KY.. 10 Xov.. 1
-!3.
TUCKER, Nathaniel Beverley, h. :\la-
toax. Va., 6 Sept.. 17
4. Son of St, (ìl'orge
Tucker. Graduated at William and :\larv
college, Entered the bar. and was judge iÌl
the circuit eourt of .ì\lis
ouri, 1
1!'j-:
O, Ap-
pointell profes:"or of law in William and
)Iary, lR34, where he continued until his
death, Thp most striking of his books was
"The Partisan Leader; Ly Edward 'Villiam
Sydney" (lHa6). It purporteù to be a his-
torical novel. written as in 18;)6. and it was
a singularly aC'curate forecast of the course
of events during the civil war. It was sup-
pressed. reissued in 1861, with the title
,. A Key to tho Disunion Conspiracy." anù
again suppressed. Also wrote "Gporge
Balcom be," nO\.el (lS8li). and .. Principles
of Pleading" (1846). Died, W incbester, Va.,
26 Aug., 1851.
TUCKER, St. George, jurist, b, Island
of Bermuda. 10 July, 1752, Graduated at
\Villiam anù 31ary college. His law-prac-
tice in Virginia was interrupted by service
in the American army during the Reyolu-
tion. Appointed a judge in the Virginia
general court, 178ì. Judge of the state court
of appeals, 1804-11. Author of several im-
portant legal works and a volume of poeti-
cal satires, besides fugitive poems. Died.
\Varminster, Nelson Co., Va., lOKov.,1t;
t;.
TUCKERMAN, Bayard, b. Xew York,
N. Y.. 2 Juh', 18.35. Graduated at HanarcI.
A resilIent òf his native city, and chiefly oc-
cupied with literary work. Issued" A His-
tory of English Prose Fiction " (H3
2) and
" Life of General Lafayette ., (1889). and ed-
ited, with an introduction, "Diary of l>hilip
Hone" (1889).
TUCKERMAN, Henry Theodore, b.
Boston, JIass., 20 April, 1813. \ï:::ited
France and Italy in 18aa and 1837. Settled
in X ew York city, 1M3. and from that time
pursued an unbroken literary career. chiefly
as a critic and essayist. ..Author of "The
Italian :Skotch B00k;' (1885), "Rambles aIllI
Roveries" (1841), "Thoughts on the Poets .,
(1846), · '
\rtist- Life, or Sketches of American
Paint PI'S .. (1847), "Characteri
tics of Liter-
ature" (18.11), "Poems" (18.,1), "Â JIonth
in England" (1t;38), "Le
1\'cs from the Di-
arv of a Dreamer" (18.)3). "Essays. Bio-
grilphical and Critical" (18.);), ,.
\n)('riea
8IHI her Commentators" (1864), ".A Sheaf
of Yersc" (It;ti4). "Tho Crit('rion. or the
Test of Talk ahout Familial' Things" (18fiß),
")laga Papers about Paris" (I80Î), "Rook
of the .\rtbts" (1t)ß7), and" Life ()f John
P(,lulleton Kenneùy" (1871). Djed, Xew
York. N. Y., 17 Dee" 1871.
TUDOR, William, b. Boston, 1\la8s., 2R
,Jan., 177D. Graduatell at HatTarl!. A
fOHlHler of. and a frequent contrihutor to,
t}H' Ro:<ton .. JIonthly Ânthology" (11:'03-
11). In 1815 hegan fit Bo:::ton tho publiea-
tion of the" Xorth .\merican Heyil'w," the
fir"t foul' Yolum('s ot which were mostly
written bv him, "ras elected to thp l\ras!':a-
chusctts Ìegislature. and held U. S. lliplo-
matic po
itions in Peru and Brazil. Origi-
nated thp Bunker II illnll1Ilum('nt. Aut hor
of ., Letter::: on the Eastern States" (1t)
U),
5aö
TU RELL- Y
lK RE
YSSEL.AER,
" ::\Iiscellanies" (1
1), etc. Dic(1. Rio Ja-
neiro, Brazil. 9 :\lar" 1880.
TURELL, Ebenezer, cl('rg-
"man, h.
Boston, JIIlSS.,:> Feh., 1.02. {Tnuluated at
Harvarù, ::\Iini
ter at ::\If'(lford, )Ia
s..1,2-i-
7t;. In a<ldition to one or t wo sermon
, he
puLli:..:hea .. The Life find Character of the
He\"erelJ(l Benjamin {'olman" (1 'j..1D) , his
father-in-law, ana ":\Iemoirs of the Life
and Death of the Pious and Ingenious )ll"
.
Jane Turell" (17:]:)), hi
wife. Died, :\Iell-
ford. )Iass., R Dec., 17,8.
TURELL, Jane [Colman]J h. Bostun,
:\Ia:..:s., 2,) Feb., 1,08. Daughter of Benja-
min Colman. and educated hy him, showing
eal"ly pl'Ofkiency. \Vas married, 1,:W, to
the B.e\'. Ehene7.Cr Turel1. ::\1 ueh of her po-
etry is presened in his" 31emoirs of the Life
and Death of the Pious and Ingenious ::\Irs.
Jane Turell " (17:1:)). Die<l. )[edford, Jlass.,
ü ::\Iar., 1,:3:).
Tweed, William Marcy [Xott'd Say"
ing: Vol. XI., page 4:)3], L. X cw York, :\".
Y.,
April, It!
:t \Vas appointed commis-
bioner of puLli.3 works in that city, It;70.
Died there, 12 _\.pril, 18'j
.
TYLER, Moses Coit, educator, b. Gris-
wold, Conn., 2 Aug.. 1 I"a.) , (iraduate(l at
Yale. .Entel'ed the Congl'cg:-ttional ministry
and was pa:..:tor of a church at Poughkeep"ie,
, Y.. ]
(jO-2. Was appointed profe
:-;or of
the English language and literature at the
univer
ity of :\Iichigan in ISü" remaining
there until 18t31, when he hecame professor
of
\.merican history at the uniH'r
itv of
Cornell. In the lattèr year he was oranÍned
a deacon in the Protestånt Epis('opal church.
At one time literary editor of .. The Chris-
tian Union." Autlior of "Brawnyille Pa-
per
" (1
m3). ,,
\. I1i:..:tory of Anll'l"iean Lit-
erature" (Vols. I., II.. 18,9), .. :\[1Inual of
English Literature" (lH,D), awl" l.Jife of
Patrick Henry" (1888).
T YLE R, Royall, juri -;t. b. Roston. 3Iass.,
18 Jul\", 1738. Graduated at lIarvanl. Stud-
iecllR\\T with John _\.(hlln
. During-the Hev-
olution. and afterward at the time of Sha,'s's
rehellion, sened for :-;llOrt periods' as
aide-de-camp to Gen. Benjamin Lincoln.
\\
hile visiting X ew York eity on matters
connected with the latter en'nt, he wrote
the play entitled" The Contrast.a Comedy
in Five Acts," the first
\.meri
<tl1 comedy
regularly produced by a company of profes-
siona] actor
. It was acted by the "
\mer-
iean eompany" at the John street theatre.
1ü April, l,t;;, and met with considerable
success. The following month another play
by Tyler." :\Ia
'-Day in Town. or Xew York
in an Uproar," a comic opera in two ads.
wa" brought out by the same company. In
1 ,97 "A Good Spec, or Lawl in the .Moon,"
was produced at Boston. and at lea:-;t one
other play from his pen is known to ha\"e
been aded. .. The C()ntra
t" was printed,
] 'jUO, and was reissued. l
ti" by the Dunlap
soeiety of :Kew York city, with an introduc-
tion by Thomas J. :\IclÜe. Tyler rem()\-ed
to Vermont, 1,90. w]wre he continued to
practise his profes
ion. In 1 'jD-l he \\ as
elected a jmlge, and in ::,t;OO ('hief-justice, of
the supreme court of that state.
\ t t.he same
time he was yery active in literary "ork,
writing for a number of periodicals, and
produeing ill Look form "The Algerine
<. 'al'tive" (17!),), .. 310ml Tales for .American
Youths" (1
OO), and" The Yankey in Lon-
don" tI80U). Some of his lig-hter ,
ork, con-
tributed to the \Yalpole, X: II., "Farmer's
\Veekly Jluseum," is collected \\ ith that
of J oseJ'h Dennie in .. The
l'irit of the
Farmer s l\Iuseum" (1801). " Uel'orts of
Cases in the Supreme Court of Yermont"
appeared in It;OtI. Vied, Brattlcboro', \
t.,
Hi Aug., 1t;
(j.
UNDERHILL, Capt. John, colonist.
Came to :\Ias
achusetts with John \\ïnthrop
in lü30. Had serwd as a British oincer in
the XetllPrlltmls and ebewhere. Gaincd dis-
tinetion in the cxpedition against the Pe-
quot In<1ians in lü:
" sharing command at
the destruction of the :\hstic furt. Shortly
afh'r, he "as remoycd fi'om offiee and Lari-
ished from the )Ia
achu:'-etts {"olony wit h
other so-('alled
\ntinomians. Yisite<Ì Eng-
bnd and issued his" Xcwes from
\meri(,
l"
in lü;3t;. Reeume gowrnor of Dover and Ex-
eter in thc New IIampshire settl('ment, I1ml
later removea to C'onnecti('ut and Long 151-
una. in whi
h pluces he hehl several puhlic
oflìces. Carried on for the Duteh gowrnor
at Xew
\m
tenlam his war with the C'on-
Jiecti('ut Indians in 1ü-tü. Supposed to have
died at <.hster B:n", h 1.. ahout lü.:!.
UPHÄM, Charles Wentworth, L. St.
.Tohn, X. n., 4 :\Iay, l
O:!. Grn(luated at
IIanar(1. Ent('l"ed the Gnitarian mini:..:try,
resigning- from ill health, ISH. "
as mayor
of Salem, :\[as:..:., a memLl'r (If the ::\Iassadm-
etts legislat ure. anll was l'. S. rel'rescntn-
tiw, 11::\.);3-3. Chiefly relll('lII],ere(l fol' his
., Lectures on \Vitchcraft, a. Iliston" of the
Salem Delusion" (18:a). whil'h he enlarp-cd
and issued as "Sa]em \\Ïtch('raft" (1 H(jj),
Also wrole seyeral biographies. Dietl, Su-
1em, 3Ias
.. 14 June. 1
;.).
UPTON, George Melville, b, Sutter
Creek,
\.madol' ('0., Cal., 2ti Vet., ltiü1. For
some time o('cupied with literary tlml jour-
nalistic work at San Franci:..:co. ana more
reepntlv a writ('r for the 1>('nyer, Co1.,
"TinH'
." Contributor of ycrse to the mag-
a;dnc
.
Van Buren, Martin [Xoted Saying:
Vol. XI.. page 4.101. b. Kinderhook. N. Y., 5
Dec., I.H
. Eighth pre
ident of the United
States, It;3,-41. Died. KimlerllOok, 24 July,
181i
.
V AN RENSSELAER, Mariana [Gris-
wold], L. Xcw lork, X, Yo,
.) Feh., It;31.
VEXABLE-TV ALLACE.
599
Daughter of George Griswoh1. \Yas married,
It:;.4. to Schuyler Yall Hens
elaer, of her
natiye city. A ,\Titer on art and architecture
for the nÌagazines, and author of "
\.meri-
can Etchers" (It<RG), "ITenry Hobson Hich-
anbon and hi.;; \Y orks" (1 H 1:IH), and .. Six
Portrait:-; Della. Bohhitt, Correg-gio," etc.
(IS:-tfJ),
VENABLE, William Henry, educa-
tor, b. near \Vanlesyille, \Yarren Co., U.,
2fJ
\.pril, It;
G, Graduated at the Lebanon,
().. normal school. ".as a profes:-Ol" at the
Chickering institute, Cincinnati. from 1
(î
to lti
l. when he became its pre:<ident, re-
tiring in 18Rü. Is:<ued" June on the
)Iiami, and Other Popms" (11).1), .. ::\[elo-
dies of the Heart" (181".')), and seyeral his-
torical works.
VERPLANCK, Gulian Crommelin, b.
XewYork, X. Y., GAug" 1.l'tü. Gnliluated
at Columbia, and entered the bar. Protessor
of Chri:<tian eyidences and moral
cicnce
in the X. Y. Protc:<tant Episcopal General
theological seminary, 1
1-0. L. S. repre!'l'n-
tatiYe froIll Xew York, 11:':!,'j-33, allll a mem-
ber of the state senate, 1838---41. Deliyered
many adllresses, and pnbli:.;hed, among
other writing
, ., The Um'ktail Bard:<, a
Political Tale." and ,. The Epistles of Breyct
::\[ajor l'indm' purr," political
ltire;,; (1
19),
.. E"sayson the :Kature and Lses of Yarious
Eyideliees of I
eYcalell Heligion" (18
4),
allll .. Shakespeare's Plays; with His Life, a
Critical Introduction, aUll Kotes" (lR4.).
\Yas co-ellitor with BrYant and R. C.. :-'ands
of the "Tali"'man" annual (1t':!8-:10), of
"hic'h f'elections were pnbli:-hed as . 'l\Iiseel-
lanie:< from the Tali:<man" (l
33). Died,
Xew York, X. Y., lR ::\{ar., It:<;n.
VERY, Jones, b.
alem, )Ia:-:<.. 28 Aug.,
181:
. Gracluatptl at Ilal"Yard. Enterell the
t-nitarian mini
try, and prea('hl'd oeca-
ionHlly, though Ilewr regularly ordained.
_hlthor of .. Poems and Essays" (11:':m).
Editions of his ., Poems" were pnblishell in
1
t.::J amI 18
U, containing memoirs of the
author. Died,
alem, )Ia:<s.,
)Iay, It.:HO.
VINCENT, Marvin Richardson, cler-
gyman. b. Ponghkeep
ie, X. Y., 11 ;-;ppt.,
1
:H. Graduated at ('oluml}ia. Pa:<tor of
Presbyterian churches in Troy, X. 1., and
Xew \-m'k city from H:;(j:
to'U;H8, In the
latter year IJl'came a profe:<:<or in the X. Y.
r nion theological :-eminm'y, I
::,ued a num-
ber of religious worl\::<, including seyeral Yol-
lunes of :<cnnons.
W AD8WORTH, Benjamin, clergyman,
h. )Iilton, :\[ass., HiG!). Gralluated at llar-
yan1. Prea(.hed at the Fir
t churl'h in Bo:<-
ton from 1(jfJ;3 to 1 ,;"2:;. Pre:-illent of Hllr-
'ard from the latter Year until his Ileath.
\.uthor of a number òf pnhlished sermon
,
among- them" King- \Yilliam Lamentpd in
Amcri('a" (1.02), Died, Cambridge, ::\Ia:ss.,
lü ':\lm'" 1 ì:31.
WALKER, Amasa, l,olitipal peonomist,
h. W oOtbtoek,l 'onll.. -l.\lav, 1 ìfJH. In busi-
ness until 1
-l0. Profes
or òf politicnl econ-
omyat Oberlin college, 18-l2-H, and lecturpr
on the same subject at Amher!'t, 1
üO-!J.
U. S. representath c from l\lassachusetts.
18ü2-3. .\mong his "\\ritings are" The Ka-
ture awl l
:-e8 of)1 onev ami a )1 iXf'd Cur-
rency " (1t;0ì) amI ., TII(
f;cienee of \Y e
dth,
a :\Ianual of Political Economy" (1I'tU(i).
Dipd, X orth Brookfield, ::\lass., 29 Oct.,
IH..J.
WALKER, Francis Amasa, stati:-ti('ian,
b. Bo:<ton, .:\Ia:<:<., 2 July, It<40. Son of Am-
asa \Yalker. Gradnnted" nt .Amherst.
el'Yed
through the eivil 'Hlr in the t' nion army.
reeei\Ìng- the breyet of In'iglldipr-generlll òf
yolunteers. Superintendent of the cen:-nses
of It;.O and 11:'::;0. Profe:-sor of political
economy in the Yale Shef1ield sdentific
school. "18.:3-t\1. Became pre:-ident of the
)Ia:<:-:achusetts inf'titute of technology in
1881. His works include" The \Y IIges Ques-
tion "' (lti,;"ü), ")Ioney" (1878), "Land and
Its Rent " (18
:3), and" Politicul Economy"
(18f;3).
WALKER, Katharine Kent [Child], b,
Pittsfield, Yt., IH4
. \,"as married, 1
(jiJ,
to Rev. Elh\anl
\. \Yalker, of \Yon'e:-tpr,
::\Iass.
\.fter llÌs death jn 181iti. re:-ided
chieftyinKew Hayen, ('onn. .Author of the
article entitled" The Total nepraYit
. of
Inanimate Things," publi:<he(l in the .. At-
lantic :\Ionthlv'" for It'ü-l, and of a ., Life of
Christ ., (1
(jfJ).
WALKER, Robert James [John, in
Appletons' eye.
\m('r. Uiog.], :,;tatesnuIU
and financier, h. Xorthumberland, Penn.,
2iJ July, 1801. Gratluatl'd at the ulli\-ersity
of Pcnns\h-anin. Pra0ti:<ed law in )Iis:-is-
ippi, ami \\a:- r. :-'. senator from that state,
1:-;3ì-4.3. Sccrptarv of the treasurv under
Pre:-ident Polk, 1
-t:)-!J,
\s financi
ll ag-ent
of the t
nited State:<, di:<po:<ell of1argeq
Ulu-
tities of g-OyerllIllent howls in Europe dur-
ingthe ciyil war. IIis most important pub-
lications" ere fl lur letters on .. Ameripa n Fi-
1HlIl('('S aIllI He:-ourees" (Lollllon, ltili:
-4).
Dietl, Wa:;hing-ton, D. C., 11 Xov., 18üfJ.
WALLACE, Horace Binney, b. Phila-
delphia, Penn., 21; Feb" 1
17. Graduated
at the collpgp of Xew Jer!'ey. Studif'1l melli-
cine, chemi:-try, law, and finally philo
o-
phy, oyerstmly in the latter ('ausing in-
:-anity, during which he committed suicide.
Issued a noyel, .. Stanley "( 1ti38), and edited
severallt'gal works. Ili
" .\rt,
cen('ry, allll
Philo
ophy in Europ\' "(l
:).)) and" Liter-
ary C'ritici:-m aIlll Other Papers" (IH.'j(j)
were brought out po
thulllou:-Iy, Died,
Pari
, F'ranp(', 1ß Dec., 1
.)
.
WALLACE, Lewis, sliMier, b. Brook-
\ ilk Franklin Co., Ind., 10 A pril. 1!:(
7.
". a:- a lieutenant in the :\Ie"\.ican war and
afterward practi"'cd law in Lis uuti\c stuh'.
600
TV ALLACE- WARD.
Served in the civil war and rose to the rank
of major-general of vollinteer
, receiving
special mention from General Grant for
meritorious conduct. Afterward followed
the legal profession in Crawfordsville, Ind.,
excepting the internll from 18tH to 1883,
when he was U. S. minister to Turkey. Au-
thor of "The Fair God" (1873) amI''' Ben-
Hur, a Tale of the Christ" (18:-)0). The lat-
ter of these novels rpaehed a sale of nearlv
three hundred thousand copies. In 18::;8 ap-
peared " The Boyhood of ('hrist."
WALLACE, William Ross, lawyer, b.
Lexington, Ky., Un9. Practised law in
New York eity after 1841, contributing oc-
casionallv to the magazines. His'" .:\Iedita-
tions in America, and Other Poems" (1831)
contains the piece entitled "Of thine own
country sing." Other popular poems were
"The sword of Bunker Hill" (18ül), " Keep
step with the music of the Union" (1861),
and" The Liberty Bell" (1862). Died, X ew
York, N. Y., 5 :\Iay, 1881.
WALLEY, Thomas, clergyman, b.
England, about 1(il(j. Ejected from a rec-
torship at London for non-conformity, and
emigratefl to Xew England. 1fjü3,
ettling at
Barn
table, Cape Cod. \Vas opposed to
harsh treatment of the Quaker;; and to the
abuse of the friendly Indians in King
Philip's war. Puhlished "Balm in Gile
lIl
to heal Sions \V ounds" (lü(jH), an election-
sermon. Died, Barnstable, :àIa'.Js., 24 .:\Iar.,
W79.
WALSH, Robert, b. Baltimore, :\Id.,
1 ì84. After a long sojourn in Europe. re-
turned and edited ., The American lteyiew
of IIistorv and Polities," the earliest Ameri-
can quarferly, HHl-1:3. and again from 1
:?7
to U;:37. L. S. consul at Paris, 1'34:;-.')1.
Author of " Essav on the Future State of
Europe" (181:3):" An Appeal from the
J lHlgments of Great Britain respecting the
Unitefl
tates of America" (181Ð), and
" Diflactics ; Social, Literary," etc., (183{)).
Died. Paris, Franee, 7 Feb., 1:-).')fJ.
WALWORTH, Jeannette Ritchie
[Hadermann], b. Philadelphia, Penn.,
2
Feb., lR3i, \Vas early taken to X atchez,
l\Ibs. Was married to :\Iaj. Douglas \Val-
worth, and remond to Arkansas, suh,.;e-
quently residing in Louisiana and in .xew
York city. Author of numerous works of
fiction, including ., Forgiycn at Last"
(18iO), "The Bar Sinister" (188:;), nnd
" Southern Silhouettes" (l HH 7).
WARD, Elizabeth Stuart [Phelps], b.
Andover, }Iass., ]:
Aug., 1:-)-1-!. Daughter
of Prof. Austin Phelps, of theAndowrthel)-
logical seminary, and Elizaheth (Stuart)
Phelps, the latter a popular allthor of her
period. }Irs. \Vard always resided at An-
dover, where she became identifiell with
loeal charitable organizations.
he also took
a deep interest in temperance and other rc-
form movements, inclurling that in behalf
of the advancement of women. \Y a
mar-
ried. 18t!8, to Rey. Herbert!>. Ward, of
ew
York city. Author of .. Poetic Studies,"
poems (11:;73). .. Songs of the Silent World"
(1885), ., The Struggle for Immortality,"
essays (18::;9), and many works of fiction,
among which are ,. Ellen's Idol" (1864),
".:\Iercy Gliddon's Work" (18(;(;), "The
Gates Ajar" (18(;8), ., :\len, \Yomen, and
Ghosts "(1869), "The Silent Partner"(1870),
"The Trotty Book" (1870), "The Story of
....\. vis "(18ìì), " Old :\Iaids' Paradise" (1I:;i9),
"Beyond the Gates" (18::;;3), "Dr. Zay"
(1884), " The Gates Between" (iR8i), "Come
Fort 11" (18nO), anll, in colla boration wit h her
husband, "The )laster of the )lagicians"
(18fJO). .
WARD, NathalÙel, lawyer aIllI clergy-
man, b. probably in IIayerhill, Suffolk,
Englawl, 1.378-t;o (John Ward Dean). Son
of an eminent diyine. Graduated at Cam-
bridge university. :Bred to the law, and
practised for some years, but had entered
the ministry by WIS. Silenced for non-
conformity in1U:m. Came to KewEngland
and settled as minister at Ipswich (formerly
Agawam), Mass., in 1634. resigning this po-
sition two years later. \Y ant John Cotton,
and others were appointed by the genf'ral
court of :\Iassaehusetts in )[arch, lli:1
. to
draw up models of a code of laws for the col-
ony. That of \Vanrs was adopted a;; the
"Bolly of Liberties" in Oct.. 1ü41, and WaS
the first colle adopted in X ew England.
"The Simple Cobler of .Aggawam in Amer-
iea," his most n0ted book. was sent for puh-
lic
ion to England late in lö4G. Four edi-
tions appeared in W47, It aboun<ls in llU-
morous and
arcastic bits at hi:; rcligious and
politieal opponents. Other books are ,. A
Heligions Hetreat SoulHled to a Religious
Army" (lü47), "Sermon before Parliament"
(1647), etc. Heturned to EnglalHl in W47,
settled as minister at Shenfieltl. Es.;;ex. in
lüJ
. awl probably diell there, ()ct., 1(j.,)2.
WARD, Samuel, h. ::\ew York, X. Y.,
27 Jan., 181:3. Brother of Julia Ward
Howe. Graduated at Columhia.
pecially
skillell in European languages mHI Indian
dialects. \Vas sewral times employed on
diplomatic missions fur the r nited States
to Central and South .\.merica. After 18ü2
lived for many years at ""ashington, D. C.
Issued" IJ)Tic'al Recreations ., (1
71). Died,
Peg-Ii, Italy, If) :\Iay, It'
4.
WARD, William Hayes, b.
\.bington,
}[as
., 2::> June, 18:
:;. Gra<luated at _\.m-
herst. Pastor of a Congregatiunal ehureh in
Kansas, IHliO-l, and proÍl',.;;;or of Latin at
Hipon collcge, Wis.. uutil It;ß8. In IH70
hecnme superintewling {'flitor of the X. Y.
" Imlepentlent." HeiHlcrl the \Y olfe expe-
dition to Bahylonia, I
H-1. and issue!l a pam-
phlet report 011 his return.
\.u extcIl::,i ye
WARE- WARREN.
601
writer on archæological subjects, and a con-
tributor to the magazines.
WARE, Henry, Jr., clergyman. b. IIing-
ham, l\lass" 21 April, 1.94. .Brother of Wil-
liam \Vare. Graduated at Harmrd. Pastor
of the
econd Unitarian church, Boston,
1817-30, and Parkman professor in the
Harvard divinity school, 1830-42. His
works include" On the Formation of Chris-
tian Character" (1
:31), ., Life of the Saviour"
(H<j2), anù í'e,-eral hiographies. Dieù, Fra-
mingham, )1ass.. 22
ept., 1843.
WARE, William, clergyman, b. Ring-
ham,
1ass., 3 Aug., 1.9ì. Graduated at
Ran-ard. Entered the ministry, and was
pastor of the First Congregational church in
Xew Yark city, 1821-:3U, after which he offi-
ciated for short periods in \Yaltham and
\Vest Cambridge, )1ass. He was ohliged to
forego preaching on account of ill-health.
\Vas editor and proprietor of the "Christian
Examiner," 18
9-44. After making a tour
of Europe in 1t;48-9, he delivered a course
of lectures on European travel. Contributed
a series of descriptive papers to the .. Knick-
e1"bocker .::\Iagazine," which were afterward
collected into a volume as "Letters from
Palmyra" (1837), republished in England
under the title, "Zenobia; or the Fall of
Palmyra" (18:38). This was followed by
.. Probus" (1
38, revised and reissued as
" Aurelian," 1848), "Julian, or Scenes in
J udea" (1
41). "American () nitarian Bi-
ography" (lH.")0-1), "Sketches of European
Capitals " (18.31), and ,. Lectures on the
\y orks and Genius of George Washington
Allston" (18:)2). Died, Cambridge, Mass.,
19 Feb., lR:)Z.
WARING, George E., Jr., sanitary e'{-
pert, b. Poundridge, Westehester Co., X.
Y., 4 July, H'
;;J. Studied agriculture with
Prof. James J. :àlapes, and was agricultural
and drainage engineer of Central park, New
York city, 1837-61. Served in the Cnion
army dur'ing the ci,'il war, becomingcoloncl
in the :\lissouri cavalry. \Vas occupied with
agriculture and engineering at 1'e" port,
R. 1., from l
ü. to 1t;ìì, when he turned
his attention entirely to drainag-e eng-ineer-
ing. .Appointed a member of the Xational
board of health in 1882. Some of his tech-
nical works are .. Elemf'nts of Ag-i-iculture"
(11).34), ,. {}raining for Profit and Draining
for Health" (l8U.), .. Bandy Book of H us-
nandry" (1870), ana ..
ewerage and Lana
Drainage" (11)
R). TIis literary works in-
dude .. \Yhip ana Spur" (18;.")), "The
Bride of the Rhine" (lH77), and "Tyrol
and the Skirt of the Alps" (1879).
WARNER, Charles Dudley, journal-
ist, h, Plainfield. )Ia
:,., 1
Sept., 1
9.
Graduated at Hamilton college. While there
contrihuted articles to the" Knickerbocker
.l\1agazine." Projected a lih'rary monthly at
Detr0it in 1833, hut, the plan failing, joined
a sun-eying party on the Missouri frontier,
rpmaining with them during 1853 anù U354.
In 1t<."jU he graduated at the law school of
the university of Pennsylvania, and prac-
tisedlaw at Chicago until 18UO. In that vear
he became assistant editor, and in 1
U1 èdit-
or, of the Hartford .. Press." This paper was
in 18üì consolidated with the Hartford
.. Courant," and Mr. \Varner became joint
editor of the latter journal, which position
he afterward held. Pa
sed long periods in
European and Eastern travel, and some of
his letters to the .. Courant" were gathered
in a volume entitled ., :-;auntering:s "(1
'j2).
Other Looks of travel are ".:\ly \\'inter on
the .Klle" (18ìü) and "In the Levant"
(187.). lIe had previously written a series of
sketches' for the "Courant," describing in
a humorous way his e"\.periences as an am-
ateur gardener. These were collected and
published as ,. )ly Summer in a Garden"
(1
70), with an introduction hy Henry \Y anI
BeecllPr, and made a hit, "Bacldog Stud-
ies" (1t\.2) consists of e:,says in a similar
vein, some of which had appeared in the
predecessor of the "Century l\lagazine."
Other books are "Bad deck and That Sort
of Thing" (18.4), .. In the \Yilderness"
(lfì78), ,. Captain John Smith" (1
1),
"'Yashington Irving" (1881), "Round-
about Journey" (1883), "Their Pilgrimage"
(18
ü), and "On Hor
ebacl, "(11)
). The
last two volumes and several series of arti-
cles on the pre
ent condition of the rnited
States ana .Mexico are the ont('ome of a
staff-ellitorship on .. Harper's
Iagazine,"
assumed in 1t;84, and including the super-
vision of the "Editor's Drawer" of that
periodical. Delivered numerou
addresses
and orations on puhlic occa
ions, and before
learnl'd societies and college alumni.
WARNER, Susan, "Èlizabeth \Yether-
ell," b. Xew lork, X. Y., 11 July, 1819 (.\.
13. \Y arner). Danghter of Henry Warner,
of the X. y, har. Her popular nowl.
"The Wide, \V ide \V orId," appeared in
1fi:)1, and finally reached a sale of a quarter
of a million copies, excluí'iye of European
editionI', This hook was followed br ..
uee-
chy" (18,")2), "The Law mHl the Te
timony"
(11).")3), ., Hills of the Shatemuc" (l:-O.")ü),
"The Old Helmet" (1fì(ja). ")Ielbourne
House" (1t\(i-l), .. Daisy" (11)()1)), "
tories on
the Lord's Supper" (U
7."j), .. The Brol,en
'Valls of Jl'r\l
ah'm" (H
ì8), and .. The
Kingdom of JUllah" (18.8). Died, Iligh-
lawl Falls. X. Y.. 1. )lar., 18
.).
WARREN, Emily. An early contribu-
tor to the
an Francisco, CaI., .. O,-erland
:Monthlv. "
War;en, Fitz-Henry [Noted A';'aying:
Y 01. XI.. page 4."}41, h. Brimfielll. Ma
., 11
Jan., IF<lG. Brigadier-general of volunteers
in the Union army during the civil war.
At one timc (;onnectcd wIth the X. y,
602
W ARR EN- W A TTERSO.1Y.
"Tribune>." Dietl, Brimfield, )1n:,:s..
1
June, ur;s.
WARREN, Joseph, physician an(l sol-
dier, b. Roxbury, )lass., 11 June, 1741.
Great-grandson of Robert Calef. Grmluated
at Hanard. Began the practi('e of metlicine,
17ü-t. \V rote numerou
articles criticising
the British government from the passage of
the stam p-aet in 17fi3. 'Yas e> lected pre:,:i-
dl'ut of the :\lassachnsetts eongress, 31 JIay,
1 Ti.). Fourteen dan; later was made It mà-
jor-general Ly thàt Lotly. Deliyerell the
annual commemornti\"e orations on till'
.. Boston )Ia:,:sac're>" in 1772 and 1".). Fell
at Bunker's II ill, 17 June, 1 'j'j.).
WARREN, Mercy [Otis], b. Rnrnsta-
hIe,
las:;., 2.3 Sppt.. 1 ,2
. A sister of James
Otis. Was mltlTit>tl, 1,.,}4, to James \Yar-
ren, a Plymou! h mer('hant, aften\ anI pres-
ident of the )[assachnsetts provincial con-
gress. )[r5. Warren was an intimate friend
of the )[assachuseUs leaders in the Amer-
ican l{e\'olntion, and wus in continual eor-
respontlence with them during the \\ ar. her
all \"ice being sought hy them and ofte>n fol-
lowed. Author of "The _.\dulator" (1,73)
and .. The Group" (1".)), dramatic satires
at the expe>nse of the loyalists; also two
trageclies .. The ::;ack of Rome" and "The
La
lies of Castile." The latter was in-
chldetl in a volume of "Poems, Dramatic
and )hscellaneous" (1,tlO). In 180:) ap-
penred her" HistOlT of the American Rev-
olution," a \..ell-written work, yaluahl!:' from
the author's contemporaneous knowledge of
events. It involved her in a long corre-
spondence with J 01111 Adams, to 'vhose early
monarchical tentleneies she hml refl:'rred.
TII!:'se letters were published by the )[ass.
lIist. Society in 18,1;, as the" l'orrespontl-
ence of John A(lams and )lere,- \Varren."
Dietl, PI
-IIlO\Ith, :\Ia!"s.. HI 0<-1.; IH14.
WASHINGTON, George, first presi-
dent of the United States, b. on Pope's
Creek, \Ve,.,tmort:'laIHI ('0., Va., 22 Feh.,
lÎ:
2. The son of Augustine anll )[ary Ball
\Ya!'hington. Recei,"ed a eommon-school
education. From sixteen until nineteen
years of age was public
u1"\-eyor of Cul-
peper county, Ya. Serve.a \\ith honor in the
}
rench anù Indian war, particularly at
General Braddock's aefeat, where he acted
as yoluntarv aide to the latter, \\ ho disre-
gard!:'il hi., à(l\'ice. \Vas a memher of the
Virginia house of hurgesses, 17UO-Î.3. A
ùel!:'l.mte to the first and s!:'conci Continental
congresses, and was chosen by t he second
couimalHler-in-chief of the' ('ontim'ntal
army, I.'} June, 1..5. Hecompell!:'d the Brit-
ish to e\"acuate Boston in )[arch, 1 'j'jG. \Vas
defeate(l at the battles of Long- V.land (Aug.,
1 'j'jG), White Plains (O('t., 1 j7(j), Brandy-
wine (Sept., 1777), and Germantown (Oct.,
17..). Won tlI!:' haUle::; of Trenton (I>ec.,
177ü) and Princeton (.J an' 1 1 ,'j,), antl finally
eaptnred Cornwallis's army at Yorktown,
Ya., lU Oct.. 1 ,81. with the nidof the French
army under Rochambe.tu. Resigned his
commission fiS commander-in-ehief, 23
Dee.. 1783. Was presidf'nt of the Conf'ti-
tutional ('onvention of 17Rj'. Inaugurated
presi,lent of the rnitell States, 30 April,
1780, he wa,.; rf'ëlected for a second term,
and tle>clim>d a thirtl in hb .. Farewell ..Ad-
dres,.;," is,.;ued HI f'ept.. 1,!Jü. Seleetions
from his papers and letters were publishet1
in twel\-e volumes hy J aretl Spark,.; as "The
Writings of Washington" (1834-7), and
a more complete and correetea collec.tion
has 1Ice>n prepared hy \Y ort hington C.
Fora (It:8t;-UU). Died, :\Iount Yernon, Ya.,
14 Dec.. 17!.>9.
WASSON, David Atwood, clergyman,
b. Brooksville. )le., 14
Iay, 1:::;;'?:
. ::;twlietl
at Bowdoin eollege. Beeame a r nitarian
elergyman, and in It;G3-() was minister of
'l'lwodnre Parker's societv in Boston. After-
wanl held a position in tile custom-house of
that eity. IIis work in prose and verse ap-
peared in the periodicals. A posthumous
volume of "Poems" was brought out in
1:0::-:8. Dietl. \Vest Medford, )la,.;s., 21.Jan.,
188,.
WATSON, Elkanah, agriculturist, b.
Plymouth, )lass., 22 Jan., 1,.38. During
the early portion of his life was engaged in
Lusines,.; at Providence, l{. I. Carried gov-
ernment despatches to Franklin at Pal
'" in
17'j!1, and remainetl in Franee for sP\"eral
year,.;. In 1 ,
!) renlOyed from Pro\ idenee to
\luany, X. Y., and iater to Pittsfield,
)lass., where he oceupied himself with agri-
cut. ural pursuit,.; amI founded the Berkshire
agricultural :-:ociet
.
\.t Alhany he had
taken a prominent part in furthering state
impru\"ements. IssHed among other works
.. Historv. . . of th(' \Vestern Canab in the
::;tate of Kew York" (1t;
O) HIHI "lIbtorv
of
.\gricultural Societies" (1t;
O). ")leo
aud Times of the Revolution" (ltI.)U) was
etlited hy his son from his journals and let-
ters. Hied, Port Kent, X. Y., :) Dee., 1842.
WATSON, John Fanning, b. Batsto,
Burlingtoll Co., X. J., 1:
.June, 1779. En-
gaged in mercantile pur:::uits at Philadel-
phia, Penn., for the greater part of his life,
and was ea
hierof the Bnnkof Germantown
for thirtv-threp Yeal':". Puhlislwd"
\mHtls
of Phila;lell'hia ;. (l
;30), "Historic Tales of
Olden Time ., (1
:1Z), and "
.\mHtls and Oc-
CUl'renees of Xew York City amI ::;tate"
(lH4ü). Dietl, Germantown, I>enn., 28 Dec..
1I:WO.
WATTERSON, Henry, journalist, b.
Washington, n. C" 1(j FeL., 184U. Entered
journalism at an early age in that city.
::;ened through tIlt' dyil war in the Confed-
erate army. In It;ö, succeedecl George D,
Prentiee as etlitor of the Louisville, Ky"
.. Courier," which the following year be-
TV A YLAND- TVEE..1fS_
603
came the ., Courier-JournaL" r. S.repre-
sentatiw from Kentucky, 1871j-i. _\ con-
trihutor to the periodicåb, and delh-ered
numerous addres
e:-: on occa:-:ions.
WAYLAND, Francis, s('holar, b. X ew
York. X. Y.. 11 :\[ar.. 17fJfi. Graduatf'<1 at
l
nion college. Pastor of Bapti
t churdl at
Boston, :\lass.. 18
1-(j. Prpsident of Brown
uninrsity, 1
7-.3:;. Some of his works are
" Uccasional A<1dre:-:ses "(1
;1:
), "Elements
of :\[oral ::;dence ,. (18
3), ,. Elements of
Political Economy "(1t;
7). and ,. Element:o:
of Intellectual Philosophy" (1
.")4). Died,
Providence, H. t. 30 Sept., I
G;).
WEBB, Charles Henry, .. John Paul."
b. Housc's Point, X. Y.. 24 Jan., 1
34.
Han away to sea as a lad, returning after
three years and engaging in business at
Chicago, _\. member of the X. Y. .. Times"
editorial staff from 11'UO to l
fj3. when he
removed to California. FouUlled" The( 'ali-
fornian," a weekly journal. in lRß4. and
edited it at intervals until mGG. Afterward
became a banker and hroker in X ew York
city. AI"o patented" \Yehb's a<l(ler" and
other inyentions_ Author of seYeral pla
":-:
aUlI traycstie:-: and of ., John Paul's Book"
(1
74), "Parodic:-:, Prose, anfl Yerse" (1RiG),
and" Yagrom Yerse " (1Ht;H)_
WEBSTER, Daniel, E'tatesman, b. Salis-
liurv (now Franklin),
. H.. 18 Jan., 1 7
.
Om'fluated at Dartmouth.
tudie(l law at
ali
bury allli with Christopher Gore at
Boston, amI was admitted to the bar, 180.3.
Praeti"ed at Boscawen. X. II., until 1
07.
when he remo'-ed to Portsmouth, soon es-
tahli"hing a reputation, which in after years
became unsurpns:o:ed,a:o: a lawyer and orator.
'Yas C.
. rcpres('ntatiH' f!"Om XI'W IIamp-
shire.lt11
-1 Î, and from :\lassachu:-:etts.1H
:
-Î. In 18
7 he wa
made 1-. S. senator
from the same state. lIe heM this offÌl:e un-
til1l'j9, and again from 184.) to 18.30, hay-
ing meanwhile been secretary of state for
three veal'S nnder Pre:-:ident" IIarri:-:on and
Tvler: He resumed that dignitv for the la
t
Ì\'-o veal's of his life under pj'e:o:ident Fill-
morè. As a Federali4 he oppo:o:ed in con-
g-ress the war of lH12. and generally sup-
portell his party durin,g his ñr:-:t two term
.
In his second period of service, after a(h-o-
cating free tr:tlie at fir
t. he hecame on elec-
tion to the e. S. senate:t
upporter of Henry
Clay arlll the protective !'y4em. This in-
volwd him in the great dehatp with Ha
ne.
when the latter expounded the theOl'
' of
nullification. Three years later, in IH:l:J,
""l'h:-:ter antI ('alhmin dehated the same
theme. \y eb
ter'
p('el'h iu hehalf of the
compromise of 11-<.")0 alienate(l many of his
X orthern u<1h('rpn ts. The mo
t falilOu
of
hi:o: publie oration
are tllO,..e on the BUIII,er
Hill monument and on the Pilgrimltllni,"er-
al'\-. and the eul(wiulll on Jp!ferson allli
AÙ
llIlS. A collecti
n of his .. Works" was
published in 18.31. and one of his" Pri,-ate
Correspondence" in 1H5G. Died,
larsh-
field, :\[a:o:s., 24 Oct.. 18.32.
WEBSTER, Noah, philologist, b. Hart-
ford, Conn., 1U Oct., 1758. Graduated at
Yale, sen-ing in the Continental army dur-
ing a portion of his college course. Studied
law and was admitted to the bar, 1.81. but
soon hegan teaching at Goshen, X. Y. In
1 Î
;J puhli:o:hed at Hartford his famous
spelling-book, of" hich oYer sixty millions
ha'-e been soh1. It uppeared as the first part
of " A Grmnmatical Institute of the English
Language." of \\ hich the remaining two
part s. an Engli:-:h gmmmar and reader, fol-
lowed in tilt' next two year:;:. "Dis
erta-
tions on the English Lmiguage." a FPries of
lecture:-:, \Vas i
:-:ued in 178!1. A t that date
he agaill hpgan to practise law ill II artford,
hM"iug edited the .. American :\[agazine"
at Xew York city during the previous year.
From 1.fJ:3 to 17ÐH he edited an adminis-
tmtion llew,.;paper at the latter city. Sub-
selluently residp{l chiefly in K ew Ihl\-en,
Conn., where in 1
(JÎ he hegan the prepa-
ration of ..
\n American DictionarY of the
English Langnage ,. (l82
). An e'nJarged
edition was published in 1840.
ince whi('h
time the work ha
been frecll1Cntly r('
dited
and extelllied bv various !'eholarlv hands.
Other books wel:e " A C'olleetion of Essays
and Fugitiye Writings" (17ÜO) and ,,'A
Collection of Papers on Political. Literary,
anll :\Ioral :Subjects "(1
43). From It<12 to
It;22 he lin<1 at Amherst, )Iass., where he
took an aeti,-e intere:-:t in the fOUlHling of
.\mherst college. Died, Kew Haven,Colm.,
2H )[a,", 1843.
WÈED , Thurlow, journali:-:t. b. Cairo,
X. Y., 1:;XO\'.. lìHì. Bl'g-anlifl.a!-apriuter.
.\ftt'r yarious journalistic experiences, es-
tahlishetl the Albany, X. Y.. .. Evening
.J ournal "in IH:JO, and comlueted it until
1H(i.") in the Whig and Hel'ublican interests.
\-isitell Europe with .Àn'hbishop Hug-hes in
18tH to se('ure the non-interYention of the
powers in fa,-or of the Confederatp govern-
ment. His"
\utuhiography" (1
Ha) "as is-
suell po:-:thum()I1
ly. Died, Kew York, N.
Y .)<) Xo,' V
H'")
'WEEKS, Robert Kelley, h. New York,
X. Y.. :!1 Sept.. l
-.lU. liraduated at Yale,
Studie(l for the law, but soon abandoned it,
an(l de,oted himsclf to Jitl'l'arv work.
\u-
thor of .. Poems ,. (lHfifi) ani! "Episodeg
aIHI Lyric Piece:o:" (1
70). Died. Xew York,
. Y., 1:1 _\pril. 1
ÎG.
WEEMS, Mason Locke , clergyman. b,
Dl1mfl'ie,.:. Ya., about 17GU (
\pl'leton).
StlHlied theology at IJOIlIloll. aIHI was at one
time rector of )11. \'('rnon parish, during
\Va:-:hington's r(',..itlen('e there. Afterward a.
book-ag('nt for :MatlIPw Carevof Philadel-
phia. 'ne"illps temperallee tråcts \\ hieh he
sold 011 his traYeI
, he wrote" The Life of
604
WEISS-1VHIPPLE.
George Washington" (1800), "The.I.Jife of
Benjamin Franklin" (181.), "The Life of
William Penn" (lR19), and, from material
furnished by Gon. Peter Horry. "The Life
of Gen. Francis )Iarion" (180.')). These
books are written in a romantic, exagger-
ated style and contain various apocryphal
stories of their subject:;. Died, Beaufort, S.
C., 2:; :\1ay, 1823.
WEISS, John, clerg
"man, b. Boston,
l\Iass., 2H June, 1818. Grallnatetl at Ilar-
vanl. Pastor of a lTnitarian church at
\Vatertown, :Mas,.;.. 1843-,0, execpting a
with,lrawal of sm"eral years on account of
his abolitionist awl w
mn n's rights views.
IJectured on Greek relig-ious ideas anc1 on
:-;Imke,.;pearian subjects.
l..;suetl .. Life and
Correspondence of Theoùore Parker" (lRG..J.),
.. American Iteligion" (1
,1), awl ., Wit,
IIumOl', and Shake-;peare" (18,ü). Died,
.Boston. }[a..;s., n )Iar., 18,!).
WELBY, Amelia B. [Coppuck], b. St.
:\Iichael's,
\[Il., :3 Feb., UH9 (Drake). Was
married, 18=B, to George ß. Welby, of
Louis\"iHe, Ky. \V rote a number of poems
for the I.JIlllÏsville " Journal." which were
publisheù in a \"olume entitlell "Poems by
Amelia"' (1849). Died, Loui:;yille, Kv., 3
)1a\". 18:)2. .
WELCH, Philip Henry, journalist, b.
Angelica, N. Y.. 1 )[11,1'.. It;...l!}. Followed
mercantile pur,.;uits for a number of year:;.
Entered jOUl'nali,.;m on the Hochester,
.
Y., "Post-Expre,.;,.;" in 1HS
. Two y('ars
later joinel the staff of the X. Y. "Sun."
He gained wide reputation as a writer of
jokes. Author of " The Tailor-:\Iade Gil'l .,
(18S
) and "Said in Fun" (188!J). Dicll,
Brooklvn. N. Y., 2-1 Feb., 1
8!J.
WELDE, Thomas, clergyman. b. Eng-
land, Graduated at Camhridge m1Ï\"er::.:it\".
Pr('aehed for some time at 'l'èrling. E
:,;ex.
Emigrated to Boston in X ew England, Hi32,
amI WI
at once ortlainetl t he first Jll
nister
of I{,oxbllrv. \Vas a leader in the trial allli
banishment of :\Irs.
\nne IIutchin
on amI
other so-ealletl Antinomian
. "-ith Hielw.nl
)1ather awl.J ohn Eliot publi,.;he(l the" Day
P:-alm Book" in lfi10 (;;ee )LHIII:R, UICII-
ARU). Was sent to England with Hugh
Petel's in W-ll as the colony's agent, allll aid
not return. Uhtaine:l a Ih"ing at Gates-
heat!. England, from which he was ejectell
a.t the restoration. The preface to .,
\. Short
Story . . . of the .\.ntinomian..;" (W4-1) is
untloubteJly hi..;, the auth'n',.;hip of the hook
it,.;clf being in tlispute. Die(l. Englantl.about
lû(j2.
WELLS, David Ames, economist, h.
Springfield, ":\Iass.. 17 .Tune. 1ti2H. (
radua-
ted at Williams. :Eng-agecl in ,.;cit'ntific stud-
ies umler A
assiz 'ilt lIar nu.t! " Etlited a
number of cumpilations of writings on the
natural sciences. from 1 H.;!) t01H(j(i. bsuetl in
Itlü4 a political tract entitled" Our Durden
and Our
tr('ngth," which reachetl an enor-
mou,;; circulation. \Yas L.
. special com-
missioner of revenue, 18ljG-7U, commis-
sioner on tax legi,.;lation for the state of
X ew Y ork, 18,O-;
, and wa,.; afterward occu-
pied as an arbitrator in railroad matters, At
first an ath-ocate of protection, he was led
bv his studies to embrace free trade, amI
,vrote numerous books and pamphlets ad-
vocating the latter system. D!:'sides his re-
ports as government and state commission('r,
there have appear!:'d, among other similar
writings. "The ('reed of the Free-Trade"
(lR,.')), ,. WhyW!'Trade,andHowWeTracle"
(18,t;), "Our .l\Ierchant :\larine" (1882),
.. PraeticlII Economics" (lRH.3), and" Rela-
tion of the Tariff to "-ages" (11)88).
WENDELL, Barrett, educator, b. Bos-
ton, )Ia
s., 2:} Aug., 1t
'J';, Graduated at
Harvanl. where he hecame in::.:tructor in
1880. and subsequently as:-:istant professor
of Englbh. A contrihutor of fiction and
verse to the magazines. and author of .. The'
Duchess Emilia; a Homanco" (18ti3) anù
" Hankell's Hemains ,. (lHH,).
WHEATON, Henry, lawyer, h. Provi..
aence. R. 1., 2, XO\"., 17
.;. Graduated at
Brown. Enteretl the har. 180.'). Eùite(l the
X. Y. " :Kational Adnll'ate," 1812-13. Held
various judicial appointmentg until he went.
to Denmark as U. S. chargé d'uffaires in
1
7. Was L. S. minister to Pru
sia, 18:
3-.
4U. IIis works include "Historv of the
Xorthrnen, or Danes and K or mans " (1831)
amI .. Ell'mpnts of International IJaw"
(183ü). Died, Roxbury, .l\1a:>s., 11 ::\1ar.,
1848..
WHEELER, Capt. Thomas, colonist. b.
England. IIad emig-rated to Coneonl, l\1a
s.,
hy 1(j-12.
\. captain in King Philip's \\ar,
1Ii,.')-I.i, atHl in charge of the t1"00pS at the<
iege of
uahoag. HOW Brookfielll. :\la:-:,;;., an
aecount of which is gÌ\"en in "A Thankefnll
l{ememhrance of GOlls )[('rc\- to :-:eyeral
Persons at Qnahoag or Brook"fiP)d " (1ü jU).
Died, Concord,
Ias,.;., Hi Dec., 11iH6.
WHIPPLE, Edwin Percy, b. Glouees-
tel', 3Iass., 8 )1ar., 1t'1!J. Educated at tho
English high school, Salem, :\Ia:-:,.;. At four-
teen lwgan to write for the new:,;papers.
\\-1\"; Ilppointed snperintolHlent of the news
room of th(' merchants' exchange. Do
ton,
Ht},. .\ eriticl'lC on )Iacanlay in the" Bos-
ton :\fi
cellany" (18-13) gninf'd him a place
flHlon!.(' the forpmo
t critieal writ('r:-;, :m,l
won )lllcaulay's thank
. Ll'cturl'd the same
veal' on .. 'rhè Lives of Authors." and thus
h!:'g-an a lung and succe:-sful platform ca-
reer. In .. Es
avs and Hpviews".(2 yol,.;..
H:WI) w!:'re conlprised a :-:l'ri!:'s of carpful
stmlie,.; of notahle poets, statesmen. lu'elu'h-
er,.;, noveli
ts. IIlllIIHIYol'at!:'s.
\ sf'leetion of
lectures entitled" Literature and IJife" ap-
peared in 1t;..HI. lht\.o up his :-:uperil
telJ(l-
eBey of the news room tu devote lnmself
.
WHISTLER- WHITE.
605
exclusi,"elv to literary work in 1
60. "
as
literary e(Ìitorof the Bo
ton ,. Globe," 1872-
3. Besides much magazine work there ap-
peared during his life .. Character and Char-
acteristic )[en" (1R66), "The Literature of
the Age of Elizabeth" (1869), and .. Success
and its Conditions" (1871). Edited with
James T. .Fields the "Family Library of
British Poetry" (1ti78). .. Recollections of
Eminent .i\Ien" (1887), "American Litera-
ture, and Other Papers" (1887), and .. Out-
looks on Societv. Literature, and Politics"
(It>HtI) were i
ued posthumously. Died,
Bo:<ton, )[as
.. 16 J une, 1
F\6.
WHISTLER, James Abbott McNeill,
painter, b. Lowell, :\Ia:<s., V-t
4. Studied at
\Vest Point. HeceiH'd instruction in art
from the painter Gleyre at Paris. and re-
sided in London after 1863. Attracted at-
tention for his daring experiments with
colors. Author of" Ten O'Clock," a lecture
(1888), and "The Gentle Art of )[aking
Euemies" (1RfJO).
WHIT AKER, Alexander, clergyman,
b. Cambridge, England, 1583. Gnuluated
at Cambridge university. ""as comfortably
settled as a Church of EnglalHl clergyman in
one of the northern counties of England,
but came to Virginia as a mi
sionary with
Sir Thomas Dale in ::\[ay, 1611, and was set-
t1ed as minister at llenrico the same veal'.
Hemm'ed to Jamestown in 161-1. amI åfter-
wanl to Bermuda Xether Hundred. The
e\'illence that he married John Rolfe and
Pocahonta
is merely inferential. His" Good
Xewt.s from Virginia" appeared in London,
Hi13. Died, by drowning, in Virginia, be-
fore J ul\'. lfil 7.
WHiTCHER, Frances Miriam [Ber-
ry), "\\ï(low Uedott,"'b.\Yhite",horo,X. Y.,
11\0\".,l
11. Began contributing poem:< and
humorous :,ketchf's to the pres
abont 1
4(3.
'Vas married. 184ì, to Hev. Benjamin \V.
Whitelwr, of Elmil"ll. X. Y. .. The Widow
Hedott Papers" (18.,)()) and .. "ïdow ::;prig-
gins" (lHfi,) wcre collectf't! po
t hUIllon:<ly
from her writings. Died, \Yhitcsboro, X.
Y., 4 .Tan.. 18.,)
.
WHITE, Andrew Dickson, educator,
b. Homer, N. Y., 7 Xo\"., U,,:;
. Gnuluated
at Yale,aIHI continued his studies in Europe.
Accepted the chair of history and Eng-li:<h
literature at the university of )lidligan,
18.)",. Entered the X ew York state senate,
1t;fi4, where he cffected valuablt, schòollegi:<-
lation 3.1\(1 manage(l the incorporation of
Cornell uni\'er::.itL In 1Sli.') was electc(l the
first president or" that institution, to which
he pre
t'nted a large endowment awla valua-
ble historieallibrary. His health ubliged him
to re:<ign this position in 1I'3t;.3. Prom Itj,!J
to 1t;tH he was U. S. minister to (iel"luany,
and he sel'\ ell in ot lll'r tliplomatie po",j( iun:<.
In athlition to eontrihutions to the lllaga-
zincs and redew::;, he is:,uetl, among other
work
, "( )utlines of a Course of Lectures on
History" (18ü1), .. The Warfare of t;dence"
(It',ü). and "On t;tlldies in General His-
tor\"." etc. (18 S .")).
WHITE, Horace, journalist, b. Cole-
brook, X. H., 10 Aug.. H3.54. Graduated at
Beloit college, \Vis. .Entered journalism. amI
joined the staff of the Chicago" Tribune,"
of which he was editor and a chief proprie-
tor from 1864 to 18ì4. His note(l account of
the great Chicago fire of 1871 was contribu-
ted in the form of a letter to the Cincin nati
" Commercial. " Joint editor withE. L.
Godkin of the K. y, " Evening Po:,.t ., after
H3t13. Edited American eùitions of .Fretleric
Ba
tiat's "
ophismes économiques" (1tijiH)
an(l Luigi ('ossa's" ::;eienza ùella finanze .,
(18H
).
WHITE, Richard Grant, b. X ew York,
K. Y.. 2'! .:\[ay, 1H
1 (Stanford White).
Graduated at the university of Kew York.
Intended for the ministry, "he first took up
medicine and then law, and was admitted
to the Lar in 1
4:). Literature. however,
soon ellgro:,;:,;eù his attention. He was a
writer of mu
ical, ùramatic, and art criti-
cisms for the X. Y. "Courier and Enquirer"
from 11':)-4.") to 1t-:.")9, ant! the last four years
its editor. SOlllP of his e:,says were gath-
ered in a volume entitled "Biographical
ami Critieal Hand-Book of Christian Art"
(lH.");J). A :-:eries of articles in .. Putnam's
)[agazine" quPstiolling the reliability of
Collier's folio-)[S. emendation
of Shake-
speare appeared in IH:ï:
. and was pub-
lished with otller !'tudips in Shnke:< { -,eare as
" Shakespeare's :O;cholar" {18.,)-1). "his vol-
ume gained him the fullest recognition as a
scholar and critk.. 'From IS.")';' to l
IÎ.") ap-
peared a twelw-volume e(1ition of Shake-
speare's \Y ork:-:, "it h note:; awl e:<:<ays. A
fancy for anon
"nlons writing \\ as well illus-
trated (luring the civil "ar. when he wrote
the Celdll"êlt
d .. X('w GO:'l'el of Peace: Ac-
conling to St. Benjamin" (1
(i3-ü), a satire
which hat! a widc-:-:pre;ul efieL"Ì in cl"\"stalliz-
ing the feeling of loyalty at the XOl:t h. Ill'
abo contrihuted a serips of lettprs to the
London ..
pectator" O\-er the
ignatul'e of
..
\. Yankee," which were of unJoubted :,;er-
vice to the "Cnion cau:<p. He het'allle an
authority on the Engli:<h language, aIllI
published ,. "'ortls and Their r"'es ,. (1
;O)
and .. Every-Day Ellgli
h" (1
1). Other
works were .. Life awl Genill
of Shuke-
speare" (lHfi.')), .. Englalld Without and
Within" (113t-:1), "The Hiver:<i(le Edition of
Shake:-:peare " (1
H:
). amI .. The Fate of
)Ian:,field IT ullIphreys" (1R
4). ..At the time
of hi:< re:,ig-llatioll in 1!-<Î
, )[1'. "'bite had
hf'en for neéll'h- twenty yeurs chief of the
C. S. rCH'IIIIl'-liw.rine b'llrt'all in the di:<tl'iet
of New York. Died, Xe\\ Y urk,
. Y.,
A I'ri I. 1
t-<:ï.
WHITE, William, dergyman, b. Phila-
606
WHITL.YG- WHITXEY.
delphia, Penn., 4 April, 1748. Graduated
at the college of Philadel phia. \\-as rector
of various churches at Philadelphia until
178G, when he was electt:'d first Protestant
EpisC'opal hishop of. Pennsylvania. His
most important literary work was ":\le-
moil'S of the Protestant Episcopnl Church
in the United States" (1820). Sdections
from his letters appear in the" :\[emoir"
of his life (1
;J!J). Died, Philadelphia,
Penn., 17 ,July, 18:Jü.
WHITING, Charles Goodrich, journal-
ist, b. St. Albans, Vt.. 30 Jan.. IH42. Was
taken as a child to Spring-field,:\Ia:;s., where
he afterward resided. In 18fj(.i became a re-
porter for the Springfield" Repuhlican." of
which journal he was made literary editor
and general editorial writer in Il':)ì4. Deliv-
ered the ode at the dedication of the sollliers'
monument in Springfield, 188:). "The f;nun-
terer" (lt1tiü) contains selections from his
writings in prose awl ver
e.
WHITMAN, Sarah Helen [Power], h.
Providence, H. I., IHO:}. Best known for her
intimate friendship with Poe, with whom.
in her widowhood, she made a conùitional
engagement of marriage, \\'rote fre(lueutly
for the periodicals. Issued" Hours of IJife,
awl (nher Poems" (18.");3), and" Edgar Poe
awl His Critics" (18UO). ,. Poems" (!Hì!))
was brought ont posthumously. Dip<1, Pro\"-
idence. H. I., 27 June, IHìtJ.
WHITMAN, Wa1t(er), h. West Hills,
Long Island, N. Y., :31 .May, 1819. Educa-
tea in public schouls. In early nutnhooll fol-
lowed the callings of printer in snmmer and
school-teacher in winter. and a
,,;i
ted as ed-
it or of several country papers. J n 1847-8
trarnpea through various states amI part of
Canada. Published "Lea\"es of Grass"
(1833), bping his own compositor. .Another
edition followed in It)3U. These poems at-
traded wide notice, being of a new oraer in
motive and rhythm.
[ueh contruvors\' in
regard to them 'has raged from then to liow,
the author's interest f)eing sen'eù thereby,
and by the action of the )IassachusC'Us au-
thoritÌes in suppres
ing' on the score of in-
decency a reissue in 11:;1:;1. .An expurg-ated
eùition appeared in England. where a sehool
of al1mirers grew up and eontinued to flour-
ish. \\'hitman yoluntecn'll as army nurse
during the war, serving in \Vashington and
Virginia, 1Hfi2-;J. IIis constitution was im-
paired by this gooa work. Received an ap-
pointment as clerk in the Interior Dl'parl-
ment at Washington in 18ü3, from whieh
he was deposed in It;(.i(j by a superior who
did not approve of his poetr
'. W. D. U'Con-
nor's pamphlet, in denuJ1('iation of this ab-
surd act, was entitled "The 00011 Grav
Poet," a sohriquct whieh pl'rmanpIltly at-
tached it
e]f to Whitman. Short! v afterward
he was maliI' aderk in the att ornèy-g-eneral's
offiee. holding his new po
itiun for cight
years. A sharp paralytic struke in IH,;J leel
to his l'ontinuous enfeeblement. and he af-
tenmnl residell at CallHlen. X. J, His pop-
ularitv was not that uf luerati\"e sales. From
time to time his 1IU111\" friends on both Bidl's
the ocean took mew-nII'es to supply his mOlI-
cst nee<ls. In 1
l'ì he was invited to gi\"e a.
leeture upon A.L.n'aham IJincoln at the )lad-
ison square theatre, Kew lork cit
", the
tieket-takers and ushers being his fellow
authors. Following the" Løt\-ès of Gras:,:"
came" Drum Taps" (18(.i.J), a reminÌ:,:cP!H'e
of the war, and prose "l\Iemommla lluring
the War" (It;üì), Later appeared .. Demo-
cratic Yistas" (1870), of which an Eng'lish
el1ition was issued in 18t;8 with a new preface
l)y the author, "Passage to India" was
broug-ht out in the same) ear (IS,O).alld con-
tains his mo:"t popular poem. the .. Burial
IIymn of Lincoln." Among lah'r ,,"olumes
are" After
\n. not to Create Unly" (It),I),
"As Strong as a Bird on Pinions Frce"
(1t)72), ":-ìpeci men Days, and Coiled" (1t)t)3),
"November Boughs" (1tJ88), .,
ands at
:-;pventy" (1888), awl colleeti\"e editions of
his works entitled" Lea\-es of Grass and
Two Hi HI let s ; Centennial Edition" (1t',(.i)
awl" Complete Poems awl Prose " (18t)U).
WHITNEY, Adeline Dutton [Train], I).
Boston, .Mass., 13 Sept., 1824. \Yas manil'd
at the age of nineteen awl remo\-ed to
lil-
ton. :Mass., where she aftcrwanl maidy re-
sided. AutlIOr of books for YOUIlg' peôple,
induding "
\
ummer in JA'slie Gohl-
tll\vaile'
Life" (It)lj(i), and of several nO\ ds
amI volumcs of poems. among the lattpr of
which are .. Pansies" (18,2). ., Daffodils"
(IHH,), und "Bird-Talk" (18t;7).
WHITNEY, Anne, sculptor, h. \Yater-
town, )[ass., 2 :-;ept., 1821 (Applcton). ('ul-
tivatedanearh'taste for art and literature
during a four" years' resillcnce in Europe.
whenc'e she retnrne<l in IH,;} awl establi
hl'll
a stUllio in Boston. Two of her hest-kno\\ n
works are the
tatue of Samuel Allams, in
\Yashington.a11l1 the Leif Erikson fountain.
in nosto
l. Publi:;hell a volume of .. Poems"
(11-).")!).)
WHITNEY, William Dwight, philolo-
gist, b. Xortha.ml'toll,
las:;., U Feb.. ltì:!,.
Onuluatell at \\ïlliams, and thpn
tudip(l in
Germany. .Ae('ppted the professorship of
::;anskrit at Yale in IH:)4, to whil'h \\ere
:uh1ell the duties of the ehairof (,olllparative
philology in 18,0. .A memhl'l' aml omeer
of many learnf'd soeieties in Europe and
Ameril'a. In 1 H(i, was publi
hea .. Language
ItIHI the Stwly of LangnugC'. " u series of
lectures previoll
ly ùeliwred he fore the
Smithsonian Institute. Other houks are
"Comp('nùious UermlUl (1r:uIIHwr" (lHli!ll.
"GC'rman Real1er in P)'ose aJl(l Yprst:'''
(1870), .. Oriental aUll Linguist ic :-;tlHlil's,"
fir:,;t. second, ancl thinl series (1H;;:-.")).
"Life awl Growth of Language" (18ì(.i),
TrHll'ON- WiLCOX.
"Essentials of En
lish Grammar" (1
,7),
":::;anskrit Gramnuli. ,. (11),9). and" Practi-
cal .French Grammar" (11:;
(j). )Iuch of
Professor 'Yhitney's most important work
was contributerl to literary and philological
magazines. lIe superintenùerl the revision
of ., 'Yebster's Dietionan",.. and was chief of
the ellitorial staff of .: The Century Dic-
tionan". "
WHITON, James Morris, clergyman,
b. Boston, )Iass., 11 April, 1::;;3;3. Graùua-
teù at Yale. Rector of Hopkins grammar
school, Xew Haven. ('01111.,18.)4-64. Pastor
of Congregational churches in l\Iassachll-
setts and
ew Jerse\" until 11:;::;6, when he
assumed charge of trinity Congregational
church, Tremont, Xew York city, IIis re-
ligious works incllille ., Is Eternal Punish-
m'ént Endless?" (18,()). ., The Go"'pel of
the Hesurrection" (1
1), and" The Law
of Lihertv, and Other Discoursl's ,. (1I)HÐ).
WHITTIER, Elizabeth Hussey, b. Ib-
verhill,:\Ia,.;:s.,7 Ve('..1H1;). :::;ister nf John G.
'Vhitticr. :::;he"\\ rote a IHuuher of gra('eful
poems, selection
from whi('h are included
hv her In'otlwr in his .. Hazel Blossoms"
(i
Î4). Died, Ameshury, :\Iass., ;} :-\ept.,
18(j4.
WHITTIER, John Greenleaf, h.lIaYer-
hill, )Ias::;., 171Jec., 1
07. His ancestors had
been memhers of the ::;ociety of Friends, al-
most from their first emigration to :\Ia
sa-
chusetts ill 17;}
. and )Ir. \\1littier retaincI}
their fait h. Reeei\"ed a
lenlJer schooling as
a boy, and was chiefl
r occupied with farm-
work until his twentieth year, when. at the
suggestion of \YiIliam Lloyd Garrisnn, to
\\ hose journal, the Xewhuryport ,. Free
Press," he had contribnted y('rses, \Vhittier
studied for two terms at the Irayerhill a('arl-
emy. The money to pay for his attenrlanee
was earned bv a winter'
work at shol'mak-
ing. and by a'term of sellOol-teaching. Dur-
ing the winter of 1
S-!) he editerl at Bo
ton
the" _\meri('an :\Ianufacturer." at thl'same
time contributing }Ioetryt oJ(llmX eursmag-
azine. ., The Yankl'e'" From 18:J() to U
:J
he erlitell suecessin'J\" the IIayerhill ,. Gu-
zette" and the [lartf(;rd, Conn., "Xew Eng-
lanrl Weekh" Hl'view." in the latter of which
0\"('1" forty of hi,.; poems first appeured. He-
turning to IIavcrhill in 1H:}
he l"l'mainerl
therf' Iìnti} 1
:J7. ellga
ell in munaging the
family farm allli in anti-sla\"er
" agitation,
at the same time writing foJ' the anti-sla-
very pre"s and for yaJ"Ìous ma!!:lzines. lIe
was made secretan" of the American anti-
slavery society in '1R
(j. awl the following
year remoyel1 to Philadelphia. where he
edited the .. PellnsvJ\"unia Freemun" for
two years. In 11)40'he took up his perIna-
nent resilJence at Amesbury. :\Iass., and
afterward liverl there awl at'.. Oak Knoll"
in J)unyers. )[ost of his literan work from
1847 to 1t;0, wus printed in th
.. Xational
607
Era" of \Y ashin,
ton. D. C.. a leading anti-
slavery paper. In the lutter year the" At-
lantic )lonthly" was founded, and there-
after he wrote ehiefly for that magazine,
IIis works indwle .. Legends of Xc; Eng-
lanrl in Pro,..c awl Y f'rse" (1H31). ,. Poems,
. chiefly relating to Sl:L\-ery" (t
:]
), .. Bal-
lads" (1
:;t5). .. Lays of )Iy lIome, a1ll10ther
Poems" (1H4
). .."oices of Freedom" (184!.J),
"Songs of Labor, and Other Poems" (1R,)O),
"The Chapel of the Hermits, anrl Other
Poems " (1:-;.):J), .. A :-\abhath Scene ., (1
.);
),
.. The Panorama. awl Other Poems" (18;)ü),
"Home Ballurls" (1
ßO). "In 'Yar Time,
and Othl'r Poems ,. (1t'(j
), "::;now Bound ..
(lHliü,. ., The Tent on the Beadl, and Other
Poem
" (1867), "Among the II ills, and
Other Poems .. (186
), ")hriam. and Othel
Poems" (1R70), ., The Penns
Imnia Pil-
grim" (1
72). ")Iahel )Iartin" (18'ì4),
., Hazel Blossoms" (1875). .. Centennial
ITymn" (1S7(j). .. The Yision of Eehnnl"
(11).
), "The King's )Iissi \"e ,. (1881), ., The
Bay of Seven !slaw Is " (1
a), .. Poems of
Xature" (IR
:)), and "::-;t. Uregory's Gue::-t,
amI Ueeent Poems" (1 H I)(j): abo the follow-
ing prose \"olumes : <, The Stranger in IJow-
ell" (18-1:ï), .. bupernaturalism in Xew Eng-
law 1" (It;4.), .. Leavei': from )Iurgltret
mith's Journal " (1R!9). "Old Portraits
and )Iorlern
ketches" (1H.:;O), awl ,. Liter-
ary Rl'('reations "(l
.)4). A complete erlition
of" The \\"ritings of John Greenleaf Whit-
tier" appeared in 1HHH-Ð.
WIGGLESWORTH, Michael, clergy-
man, h. England. 1H Oet.. 16:a. Brought
to
\IJI('riea. 1G:
8. Gra(luutel} at IIarnml.
wlll'rl' he Sl'n f'rl a,.; at utor while stmlying for
the mini::,tr
". \Yus onlainerl pustor of the
chnrl'h at )Ialrlen. :\[as,.;.. in 16.>7. lIe
fillerl this po
iti()n until his (leath, with the
exeeption of perior!,.; amounting tu ahout
Ì\\ I'nty years, during which he was pre-
\"(']11eI1 f!"Om pre:whing by feeble health.
Thi,.; time he devotl'l} to the
tUlly and prac-
tice of medi"ine. a]](l to literary compo
ition.
II is most important poem. ,. The Day of
])oom, or It Poetical })Pseription of the
Great awl La
t Jwlgment . (1662), em-
bOlliel} the theologieal ..1H'licfs of the early
Xew F.ndaml l'on
re
ationali:,.b, in tlll'ir
gloomie,..'t aspeds. ' } t L ran through ten or
tw('1\ e erlit ions, and wa::, a favorit I' with t hi
cla...,.; of religiou.;; pel1pl!' in Xcw England up
to the end of the pidltel'nt h pent m"\". _\n-
ot her poem. .. )Ie:;t out of the J-::lter, ur
:\Ieditations eoncerniug' the ]\('('e::,sity. (']](1.
and usefulness of .\11Iietions untl) GOlr
C'hill1ren." was puhlisherl in 1Ii(j!). SP\ eral
poems left in lIwnusl'ript han' recently llt'en
printell ill the i,..sues uf hi..;torieal
l1cietips.
Diell. )Ialrlen. )Iass., 10 .Tulle, 1,0.).
WILCOX, Ella [Wheelerl, h. .Tohns-
to\\n, "ïs.. 18-. Studied at the unin'rsitv
of \\ïsconsin. \\'as married, 1t:!t<4, to Hohel:t
Gu8
TrILDE- TJILLI.:1JI
,
:lL "Wilcox. of )Ieriden, Conn., and after- .;:chool book... .Åuthor of the poem .. Rocked
.-ard remo\"""oo to Xew lork citT. _\uthor in the cradle of the deep" and much other
of .. )Iaurint:, and Other Poems ,. (I.....:,? , fu_ :ti\"""e Ye
. Died, Tro
. X. 1., 15 April,
.. Poem::,. of Pa:,
.on - (
";:), ")lal )Iou1&> b .1..1,
I'o\"""el ( -.. ì '. and ., Poems of Plea:,-uI"e ,. WILLARD, Samuel, clergyman, b.
1"'":"',. Conconl. )1&.,.. 31 Jan.. 16-W, Graduated
WILDE, Richard Henry, scholar, b. at Hanard. ße<:ame a:,..,Ï::,tant pastor of the
Dublin. lrelan<L 24
pt.. r;..
-'. .Åt different old
uth church in Boston, 16.", In 1.01
.m..... attorne
-general of Geor",ria and L. ::). he accepted the ;,uperintendency of Rar-
repre:.. ntati\"""e from the
e
tate, Pa.:,;;:-od .anI., on the re,ignation of Increa.-.e )Iather,
Y"luch time in. ud \in_ Italian literature in "W<l
an opponent of the witchcraft proceed-
Italy, where he al..ö dl"'CO\"""ered Giono'" por- ÌP_"". .Author of se\"""eral published sermons,
trait of Dante. "rote fugiti\"""e poem" in- and" .ÅCompleatBodyof Dirinit
"'(i.;:
ued
, udin;:: the so ó" )Iy life i5li.ke the ,um- posthumou,ly, I,:,?,), Died, Boston, )la;;:,.,
mer rV"'<é'. - and .. Conjectun-, and Re:.-- 12:-- rlt.. 1,0..
, ..arche-. MncernÏ.J1-rthe ùne, )IadDf:..", and WILLIAMS. Francis Howard, b. Phil-
lmpri-.l)nment of Torquato Tas:,o" (lS4:2). adelphia, Penn.. 2 "pt., IN-!. ..liways a
Died. X ew 0 1 an
. La., 10
pt., IN.. rerident of that city, where he became trea'-
WILKES
N, Samuel, b. Buffalo. X. "1.. urer of a tru,t company, .Å reriewer and
{f'Is\""". Its17. Gmduated at Lmon coHe_"e, writer for the daily pre':" and k,ued .. The
and ëntered the bar. Edited \"""ariOU5 new,- Prince" Elizabeth, a Lyric Drama" (1..... I),
paper-: in ..lihany. X. 1., joining the
of .0 Theodora, a Chri.qmas Pa,toral'" (I
":? ,
.he X. 1. .. Tribune" before the ci\"""il Tar. .. The HL
er Education:' corned"\" (I
3I,
"Worked for that journal and for tbe X."1, .. 'la.:,ter ãnd )lan, a Play" (1s86), and
.. Time:. ., until I
, when he connected .0 Bo
l" in ,. The Septameron " (I:--....).
Iun....-.elf with the Lnion Pacific railroad. of WILLIAMS, George Washington, b,
"; hicb he W8.5
retan.I'I
. Died. Xew Bedford
prin
, Penn.. 16 Oct., 1"-19. llis
lork. X. 1.. 2 Dec.. j"';9. father was of Wel.;;:h and negro parentage,
WILKINS, Mary Eleanor, b.Randolph. hi:. mother of German and ne
o extraction.
)fh".. It--. Dal
hter of "arren E. Wil- :xned in the rnion army during tbe ciril
-dn,. Educated at 'It, Hohoke seminar\", war. then in the )Iexic.an arm\""", Held
\"""-
Early remo\"""ed to Brattleboio', Yt.. return- I eral political offices in Ohio and elsewhere,
in_ to Randolph in 1"".>. _\ writer for the and wa..; appointed r. :'. mini:.ter to Hayti
ma_ inr-, and author of ,. _\ Humble Ro- b\- Pre--ident Arthur, .Åuthor of " IIi.;:tor"\"
mancp. and Other:-- orie," (1.... .,. of the Xe!rl'O Race in America" (:
3), "The
WILKINSON, James, soldier, b. near Xf"eTO Troops in the War of the Rebellion"
Benedict, )Id., I..j;. St::r\oo durin" the (Ibð;', and" Hi..1:ory of the Recon..rrucrion
R \"""olution in the Continental army. _Uter- of oc IT' 'lr
nt Statf": .. (l
!)).
wanl traded in KentucI..y. and was8C"Cu--cd WIT.T,TAM S, John, clergyman, b, Rox-
of a 'Cherne to found a we.qern republic. bury, )1&",.. 16 Dec., 16tH. Graduated at
R joined the .American army. 1.91, and was IIanud. )Iini<:ter at Deerfield. )Iß'':,. from
i,
neral-in
hiet 1 ,9í;-1
I2, excepting 16t{j until his death. except for the period of
-""0 y..ah I ,ued " JIemoÏ.r<; of Jly Own hb capti\ity in Can8Ùa from 1,04 to 1.06.
í.imL'" (1"16,. Died, near 1iexico, )It:X., Related hb operiences as a pri'Oner in
..
..1"2,. "The RooeemedCapri\"""e Returninri to Zion"
WILKINS:>N,William Cleaver, clergy- (1.0.). Died, Deerfield. )ra..."., 12 June,
man. 0, " e:o-rfonl, '-t.. 19 Oét., l--=
. Grad- I.2!1.
uated at P..och """ter uninr:.ity. Pa'tor of WILLIAMS, Roger, coloni.q, b. prob-
Bapti,tchurchf.'';: in Xew IIa\"""en, Conn., and ablv in London, England, about If,oo (H,
c .incinnati. 0.. until 1'" .16. Profe=-,"Jr in the F. \\ at.er:.þ.
ir Edward Coke ..upenl:>ed
R..x:he: ter theological :.emÏnary, 1",2-"1. bb eduUltion. Graduated at Cambridge
"rote -.e\"eral text-bool, on Greek and Ger- uni\"""e....ity, beu1me a clerzyman, and .;;oon
man literature. et -..for theChaut8uqua uni- after a non-conformk-t,
iled in the Lion
\""""r'lry. and" The Danc"C of 'Iodern Soci- from Bri,tol, arriring at Santa.:,ket, )la".,
ety" (1-..(j9), 0, The Bapti"1 Principle" (If(
l), :t Feb., li..;:31. Declined to join with the 1kJ'-
,. Püemc." H
,and .. Edwin Arnold as ton con",re.,,'8tion becau..-.e they .-ould not
P tÏzer and P
(mÏzer" I...'-l). declare them;,Cln
s "{'parati
s from the
WILLARD. Emma [Hart], b. Xew ßt..r- Engli..h church, and beë8u...<:e of his opinion
n. ( )nn.. :M F t:h..1 .
.. Wa:, married. II'-{19, that cÏ\ il magi<:trates had no juri"<liction in
Dr. John "illanl. Principal of \"""arioD.5 religifJu" matter,. Called a, .. teacher" of
- .h'-J01- in ,- f.'rmont and Sew York until the church at ::mlem, April. 16.'31, but with-
1"'21. when -he founded the Troy female drew to Plymouth eluring the ,ummer. On
- minary. eùnductir.- it untilIK:93. "rote the death of Samuel ::;j.elton, \\a:, regularly
and Ie<- ur-;-l extel. h eh In edU(.ational ordained h6 -uC(
("--or at Salem in Augu,t,
<:i ... JL-. awl publi'hed mdny popular Hj.
. The same
ear wa.' ;;ummoned before
WILLI
TrILSf)X.
609
the \[a::,.sach11--<:etu e-eneral court to explain
his exp
opinion that the coloni<:.t... had
no ri
ht to their lamb 53\""e as pun:ha...-.ed
from the Indian
but prof
-.ed hb loyalty.
Pe
i'i:in'"' in hi:; new, concemin-, thh and
other que.;;tion... particnlarlya<; to man '5 re-
:-pon...ibility to God alone in matters of reli-
.":" 'on not affecting-the ciril peace. he 'Was ban-
i-heel from the colony by the
neraI conrt.3
o\""" It..j:j. Ht'arin;; or hi, plan to ættle at
Xarra
n<:ett ba\"", the\" decided to return
him to En
1and:but lie escaped to Rhode
I,land in Januar\""", 1636. "Went fir....--r to "''e-
konk, but in J une- remo\"""ed acre".;; the ba\"" to
Proridence. purcha:-in!! laud ofthe Indisn.;;..
and foundin!! the colon\" on a bas"
of I"I'li-
gious toleration. Con\"eyed his owne
hip in
the land to his companions in 16.,.:._ btarted
the
t BaptÏ5t chureh in _\.merica. )Iar.,
16:39, but NX>n chan_ed his TIt'1rS a!!8Ín and
became a ":--"('ker:'-Yi...itedEn.;laÒù, June,
113-tt and obtained 8 charter for the Rhode
hland colon\"". On the \""0\"""
1!!f' wrote ,. A
hey into the Langua;e, of Ã.merica ,. (16-13).
Gon>rnor of Rhoc.le I,land from H
,)-l to
J(.:;... Became an adept in Indian dialect.;;.
and rendered tothecolon\"that had banbhed
him
at 5er\ice..., byefIectin,., treatie... with
the Xarragan<:ett:- in the Pequot 1rar antI in
HH.3. En_,
I in a contro\"el'5\" with John
Cotton on
reli
iou" libert\"", in the COUr5e of
which he publi..hed .. Mr. Cotton.;; Letter
Latel\" Printed, examined" (I64-tI, .. The
B10UtÌ y Tenent of Pel'5eCution -, (1tH4), and
.. The Blood\" Tenent wt more Blood\""
(Hi:):?), Othèr book, 'W"ëre .. The Hirelin
lIini...ter
one of Chri:-t'..... (It).5
). .. Ex:
periments of Spiritual Life and Health"
(1w:?l. and .. G...-'()r
Fox cligC"d out of hi...
Burrowe.... (16;li\. the la:'t being an aCt.-ount
of 8 di
pute with the Quaker--. Dioo. prob-
sbh- at Pro\;den<.-e, R. I.. earh in 16......:
,
WILLIS, Nathaniel Parkër, b. Port-
land. 11(>..
\.I Jan., 1'\)1;, Graduated at
Yale. His father had E"-tabli..hed n\riou.;;
periodit:al:;., including the "'\outh':;. Com-
panion," in which the :-ou':- earlie
t Yer
1ppeared. In 1
:!9 the latter founded the
.. _\mericsn )Ionthly )[agszine, -, wbi(.h two
\ ears h1ter W
1S mer
in the" Xew Y...)rk
)!irror," conducted
b\" Geort:e P. )lorri.;:,
In 1:--31 went on a. tour'throuih Europe and
the Ea.:-t, writiu
lettel'5 of hi
journeys to
hi
P'lper, He \\n.;; taken tota.:-l.. by Englbh
n>\;ewel'5 for reporting prhate con\"""er:,a-
tion
, and 8 <:e\""ere rebuke by Captain )Iar-
r
at in the" Metropolitan )[
1
zine "led to
a duel. in 1rhieh, howewr, no bl...xllI was
Iu'l.l. _\tter a sojourn at home he retunled
tn Endaud in I
), and a
in in 1t-44. Left
the" lIirNr" in IN39 throu!!h a misunder-
shmding with hi:;. partner, )[orris.. and pub-
li"hed the .. COl"58ir. ,. tù which Th"1ckera\"
t't)ntributed, R.......umed n>lations \\ it h lIor-
ri:-. and in 18-W .:-tartoo with th
lattt'r the
nIL.
1.-3
ì
hHomeJonrnal. "of 'Which he remained&:.........o-
date editor until hi<:: death. The sam{'- year
pun:ha.......d the estate near Xe'Wbnrgh. X: Y.,
named b\" him .. Idlewild. ., and afterw-aro
re--ided Ìhel1'.
:>me of hi yolumt' are
..
ripture ";;ketche-::" 0....'2;). .. )Idanie,
and Other Poellli" (1
). .. Pencillin
", By
The Wa\"" ,. (1
j.)), .. Inklin:... of ..\d\""en-
ture" (1
, "Loitering... of Tra\""el" (1...':]9).
.. Letter;;; from under a Bri
""{' ,. C '-10).
.. Lady Jan p , and Other Poem:." (I"-t-t',
.. Da::-he-- at Life with a Free Pencil.' (1....1.')).
.. People I Ha\""e )Iet" (1
\. .. HUlT\"-
ph... ' (l....)1\. .. Outdoor;;; at I<<!.lewild"
(l.....'H), .. Paul Fane. "noYeI n
:j';'), "The Con-
\"""all"'C'enC (1.....')9), and "Poem... Sacred, Pa.:,-
....onate. and Humoron-;: - tI'6-l). Died. Idle-
wild, near Xe1rbun:-h. X. Y..
O Jan,.
1
;, -
WILLSON, Forceythe, b. Little Gen-
e<öee, X. Y.. Ifl_\pril. 1
;.
ludied at Har-
yard. \\ &. taken a... a child to :Kentucl....
whel? he afterward formed an editùrizù con-
n{'Ction with the LouL"Tille "Journal:'
"-rote a number of popular 'W"ar pex'm:-- dnr-
i"'z the ciril 1rar, The5é 'Were c-ollected in
"The Old :x
ant. and Other Poem
"
(1'4\7). Died..Alfred, X. Y., 2 Feb_. 1"';';.
WILSON, Alexander, ornithl'
- ...t. b.
Pai.;;le\"",
'Otland. 6 Jnl\"". I ;66. Followed the
trade..'of 8 weswr and i
dler in his nati\""e
plac-e for Sè\""era}
ear-. dUrID... w-hich period.
he i......ued two n,lnme... of W
and 1';... pop-
nlar poem, .. "Watty and "\It"g'." Em';rated.
to ..\merica. 1;94, and for the next e i _ I:1t
ye-ar;;; 1r
l;:; occupied mth hÏ5 former nade....
and wit h
chool-teaching in S e1r J el'5{'y and
Penn.;;
1\""8nia.. Becomin... ac-qnainted. with
the natura.l.kt "William Bartram, and with
an eminent er _'T8\"er at Philadelphia.. he
wa... encoura
by them. about I
. to
bf>!!Ïn ærious :-tudiès for hi5 .. ..\meri<'8n Or-
nitholø_"y .. \1
}8.....u.\, Thereafter. until his
death. he wa.. con.:-tantly occu}.)ied with this
work, making numerous excul'5kw.;; thror-::b
the rountry in::,earch of ne1r .:-pt"<'ime ... of
binh. Ei
ht \"olnme... 1r('ore completed dur-
in
h
life, and the nin.h wa... afterwaro
fiùi
bed by a friend. In It-;6 apr'ared a col-
l{'(-tion of hi:. "Poem.. and Literar\ Pro..-"e,"
Dh.l, Philsclelnhia, P('nn
8 ..\ut?.. 1
18.
WILSON, Augusta rEvaD.S], b, Colum-
bu.... G
1_.1" )III\"", 1
. Wa.staken a
A chilli
tü Mobile. Alå.. an...'1 there 'W"rote her fi.r:--t
no\""el in 1::-.31, publi.;:hed &8 .. Inez, a 1'1\1"
of the Alamo" (
), It was. follo\\ed by
.. Benll1h" ( Ñ9), whic.h wa.... illlmediateh
.:-uC<'t. "ful. )Ii...... E\""sn
wa... lUarried, 1
"'_
to L. M, "-iJ'On, of ) [obilt.". .. Y. Elmo"
(I
) and "Y
1$hti '. (1
9 J are 8DlO'"
her
other no\"el'.",
WILSON. Epiphanius, b, Li\"erpool.
Endl\nrl, li Jan.. IN.3. t-;raduatrtlat Kin
colÌp
. X 0\ a ::-- Qtis. \\ here be 1\""a, profe........Jr
of lit
dfor5ome
t'<tr:-. Lat ('rl
an ÑitQr
610
WILSON- WLYTER.
of the N. Y. "Churchman." Contributed to
the periodicals for many years.
WILSON, Henry, statesman, b. Farm-
ington, N. H., 1ü Feb., UH2. Educated
himself under great difficulties. \Vas elected
to the legi"lature of )Ia....:-:l,ehusetts in 1840.
Edited the Boston" Hepuhlican" as a Free-
soil organ. 184tì-GO. Pre:;:i(lent of the state
senate, 18.30, and succeeded E \
erett as l
. D.
senator from ::\Ias:;:aehusetb, 18:).3. Uaised
and led the 22d regiment of )[assachusetts
volunteers to the seat of war in 1Rü1. \Vas
elected vice-president in 18.2. Published
many addresses, histories of anti-slavery and
reconstruction mea:;:ures in the i3ìth-!Oth
congresses, a series of art icles on Secretary
Edwin 1'1. Stanton, 18m3, and" History of
the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in
America" (18ì2-:-)). uncompleted at the
time of his death. Died, \Va"hington, D. C.,
22 :Sov., 1t3ì.3.
WILSON, James, statesman, b. near St.
Andrews, Scotland, 14 :-:.-ìept.. 1.42. Studied
at se\"eral universities in Scotlallll. Came to
America at twenty-one, and practised law
at Reading and Carlisle, Penn. Was a dele-
gate to the Continental congress of 1,7;;,
and signed the I>eelaration of IndepelHI-
ence. ""as a member of the Constitutional
convention of 1 ìtìì, and in 1 ì
!J was appoint-
eda judge of the F, S. supreme court. Died,
Edenton,
. C., 28
\.Hg.. 1,98,
WILSON, Robert Burns, pninter, b.
\Yashington Co., Penn., 30 Oct.. 1tì.)U.
Early removell to Frankfort, Ky., and de-
voted himself to the study of landscape
painting. Some of his pietures were exhib-
ited at the Kew Orleans exposition of 1t;tì..!'
where they attractell attention. .A contrib-
utor of verse to the magazines, and author
of " Life and Lo\"e. P;ems" (ltìtì7).
WINCHELL, Alexander, geologist, b.
North East, Dutchess Co., X. Y., 31 Dec.,
1tì2-1. Graduate(l at \Vesleyan university.
\Yas elected a professor at the uni versity of
l'Iiehigan in 1
.)3, alHI afterward served
there in positions of increa"ing importance,
excepting a few years at Syracuse univer-
sitv. Author of "Sketches of Creation"
(1870), .. The Doctrine of E\"olution" (lR,4).
.. Sparks from a Geologist's Hammer"
(1881), and" \Valks anll Tcllk::; in the Geo-
logical Piehl" (ltì:-;li),
WINSLOW, Edward, colonist, h. Droit-
wich, W orcestershire, England, H) Oet.,
1595. Of an old English family. While trav-
elling on the Continent, fell in with the
Pilgrims at Leyden, amI joinea their church
in lü17. Sailed in the Jla./I.tloll'f'r,
\ug.,
lG
O (see BRADFORD, \VILLJ.\.
I). By timely
treatment of }Iassasoit when dangerously
ill in 1li23, he saYed that sachem's life and
insured his faithfulne:5s to a treaty mmle
with Bradfonl three years befOl'e. This
treaty was kept by the Indians until King
Philip's war in 1G'ì.). \Yas assistant go"\"er-
nor at Plymouth from 1ü24 to 1647, except-
ing the yeurs IG:m. lü:}ü, and lü44, when he
servec1 as governor. Agent of the colony in
Enghmd. 1G23. 1G24, 1fjj;;, and 1G4G, where
he rendered valuable services, and wrote two
books dl'fending the colonists from the at-
tacks of Samuel Gorton and others. These
were "IIypocri:;ee l
nmasked" (IG4ü), to
which is appe11l1ea the" Bride K arration."
and" X ew England's Salamander" (IG4 'ì).
\'" orks descriptive of the colony's experi-
ences were "Good X ews from K ew Eng--
land" (IG24), "The Glorious Progress of tI
e
Gospel amongst the Indians in K ew Eng-
land" (IG4U), and \\Ïnslow's share in
"Bradfor(rsand \Vinslow's J011rnal," other-
wise known as "}Iourt's Rplation" (lü22),
\Yinslow did not return from England after
1G4ü, but remained there until appointed by
Cromwell head commissioner of the expe-
dition, under
\.dmiral Penn, ngninst the
Spaniards in the \Ye"t Indies. This proYed
unsuccessful, alHI \\Ïnslow, falling ill, diell
at sea on the yoyage from St. Domingo to
Jamaica, 8 }[ay, lü;:);;.
WINSOR, Justin, librarian, b. Boston,
1\[ass., 2 Jan., lH31. After a year at lIar-
yard, he continued his studies at Paris and
at Heidelberg. \Y as superintendent of the
Boston public library from 1
li8 until his
appointment as librarian of Harvard in
1t;.7. I"sl1l'd numerous historical and biblio-
graphical works, and edited. with original
contributions, "l'Ielllorial II istorv of Bos-
ton" (18tìO-1) and" Narratiye and Critical
History of America" (1884-9).
WINTER, William, journalist, b. Glou-
cester, 3Ia8s., 15 J ulv, 1
36. Received his
early edueation at Cambridge,
Iass., and
graduated at the Harvard law school. \Vas
admitted to the har at Boston, but did not
practise. \Vas a lecturer for lyeeums for a
time. awl al"o occupied with literary work.
In It;.)4 and 18;;8 issued his fir"t yolumes of
poem::. entitled" The Convent, and Other
Poems" and" The Queen's Domain." Re-
moved to X ew York eit V" in 18:-)U, where he
became literary critic for the ..
atunlaY
Press." \Vas tlramatic critic of the
. y'.
" Alhion" from lSH1 to 1t;fj."j, when he ac-
cepted thc same position on the X. Y. "Tri-
bune," still holding it in 1t;ÛO. Recited a
number of poems on public occasions,
among them that at the dedication of the
actors' monument to Edgar A. Poe in Xe\V
York ('ity, 188;:). Some of his hooks are
"}Iy \ViÌ,ness." poems (18'ì1), "Sketch of
the Life of Edwin Booth" (1871). "Thistle-
Down," poems (1878), "The J effersons "
(1881), "Henry Irving" (188:-)). " The :-;tage-
Life of ::\Iary Anderson" (ltì86), .. English
Rambles, and Other Fug-itive Pieces"
(1884), "Shakespeare's England" (18CG),
and ,. \Ya:1l1erers," poems (1888).
TrLV THROP- Tr7.J..YTHROP.
611
WINTHROP, John, colonist, b. Ed-
wardston, near Groton, Suftolk, England,
12 Jan., 1588. Studied at Cambridge uni-
veri'ity. Succeeded his father as lord of
Groton )Ianor. Gave up or lost his position
as an attorney of the court of wanls in Lon-
don, perhaps through his non-conformi;;t
sympathies, and was elected governor of
the 3Ias"achu;;etts Company. 20 Oct., lG29.
Sailed from Yarmouth in the A,.bell((, with
the company's second supply, arriving at
Salem, 12 J une, H.i
0, and bringing the char-
ter with him. Settled fir::;t at Charle,;;town,
but had removell to Boston by Xovember.
\Vas active in the banishment of the so-
called Antinomians in l(j;:Jì,holding that the
colony's existence depended on its religious
uuity. lIad previously taken part in Hoger
\Yilliam,,'s banishment, but continued his
private relations with the founder of Rhode
hland, and was his life-long correspondent.
In 16:38 saYed the colonv':, charter, which
had been called for froin England, by a
diplomatic letter excusing the sending of it.
In 1643 headed the commissioners of 3Iassa-
chusetts who met with others from the
Plymouth, Connecticut, and Xew Haven
colonies and formed the old K ew England
rnion and Confederation, of whieh Win-
throp was the originator and first president,
\Ya,.; elected governor of 3Iassachu:5etts
ele,-en times, and held many other impor-
tant offices. His" :Modell of Christian Char-
ity," written on the voyage from England,
was first printed by the Mass. Hist. Society.
The" History of Kew England." 11. fount of
information concerning events in )1assa-
chusetts for the period it co,-ers. was writ-
ten ns a dnily journal in three manuscript
'olnmes. Of these the first two were copied
and printed in 1 ìûO. On the di"coverv of the
third in the tower of the old South 'church
in 1816, the whole work was edited and
J1rinted by James
antge in H
2.")-6 (re,-ised
ell. 1t)33). "Life and 1.Jetter"," by Rohert C.
Winthrop. appeared in 1H(j6. \Vinthrop's
speech defining cÏ\-illihN"ÌY, made after his
acquittal from eharges of unduly exercising
his power as a magi"trate, has become a
cla",.;ic. Died, Bm;ton, )1ass., 2(j )lar., 164Û.
WINTHROP, John, scientist, b. Bos-
ton, )lass., 19 Dec., 1714.
\. deseC'ndant of
the governor of .Massachusetts. Graduated
at Harvard, where he was professor of math-
ematics amI natural philo
ophy, 17
8-7û.
\Vas a warm supporter of the Anwrican
calise in the Revolution. and held several
important offices in the ::\Iassachusetts gov-
ernment. Among othpr scientific works,
wrote" A Lecture on Earth
ual
es" (1755)
and ., Cogitata de Cometes' (1766). Died,
Cambrid!.;C'. l\1ass., 3 :Uav, 1779.
WINTHROP, Margàret, third wife of
Gov. John Winthrop of )Ja:,sachusett,.;. b.
England, ahout 1391. Daughter of ::;ir J uhn
Tymlal. of Great )Iaplested, E::::-ex. Was
there married to John \Vinthrop, April,
lG18. Followed him to New England in
Aug., W31. Died, Boston, l\Iass., 14June,
1ü4ì.
WINTHROP, Robert Charles, states-
man, b. Boston, 1\1ass., 12 )lav. 1809. A
descendant of Gov. John \VinUirop. Grad-
uated at IIarmrd. Entered the bar, 1
31.
Elected to the 3Iassachusetts legislature,
1834-40, being ::,.peaker of the assembly, 1838-
40, U. S. representative from )Iassachusetts
in the Whig interest, 1840-50. being speaker,
1847-49. ;O;ucceeded Daniel Webster in the
U, S. ;;enate. 1830. Holding independent
viewshegraduallywithdrew from partypoli-
tics and dill not seek election after 1
51.
Acted as prp".;ident of the Boston Provident
association fora quarter of a century. undfor
nearly a third as president of the .i\las::;uchu-
settslIist. Soc. \, as culled upon for many of
the most important occasional udòre:5ses of
his time, including those at the lnying ofthe
foundation stone of the national monument
to \\T ashington in 1t1-18. and at its com pletion
in 188.j. lIe delivered the oration on the
250th anniver:<ary of the landing of the Pil-
grims, 1870, the Boston Centennial oration,
1876, and the address on the lOOth anniver-
saryof the surrender of Cornwallis at Y ork-
town, 1881. His collected "Adùrps:5es and
Speeches" ha '-e been published in four vols.,
1852-1';6.
\.l
o wrotp .. Life and Letters of
John Winthrop" (1864) and " Wa".;hington,
Bowdoin, and Franklin" (1876).
WINTHROP, Theodore, b. X('w Haven,
Conn., 22
ept.. 1t)28. A descendnnt of
Gm-. John \nnthl'op. Graduated at Yale,
where he remained for a year, engaged in
advanced studies. Yisited Europe for his
health in 184!J. returning in 1851, and tak-
ing a po".;ition at Panmna in the employ of
the Pacific )1ail steamship company. In
18.'):] he accompanied the expedition of Lieu-
tenant Strain to surveY a eanal route ucross
the isthmus of Panamå. )J ade his re:-idence
in Xcw York city the follO\\ing year, and
studied law under Charle" Tran. \Yas ad-
mitted to the hart 1
.")3, hut devoted himself
almost entirely to literarv work and com-
pleted the nm.èls publi;.;:he<1 after his death.
Joined the 7th K. Y.regiment at th(' opening
of the cÍ\-il war,accompaniell it to \Vu,,:hing-
ton, and he came militar
secretary of Gen.
Benjamin F. Butler. with the rank of ma-
jor. \Yith his comJlHlI1lling officer planned
the attack on the Bethels, and was shot
through the hC'art while rallying his men.
His article, "The )1llrch ofthe ::;eventh." in
the" .Atlantic l\1onthly," had attracted at-
tention, and the publÌcation of his novels
and miscellanies during the succeeding two
years estahli:-hed hi" rC'putation a,.; a "riter.
Thev 'H'1"I' "Cecil nreeme" (18Gl), ,. J 0}1Il
BrcÏ1t" (1862), " .Eùwin Urothcrtoft" (1
(j2),
612
WIRT- WOOD.
"The Canoe and the Saddle" (1862), and
" Life in the Open Air, and Other Papers"
(18ü:3). Fell at Great Bethel, Va., 10 June,
18G1.
WIRT, William, lawyer, b. Bladens-
burg, l\Id., 8 Nov., 17.2. Of German and
Swiss parentage. Was admitted to the bar
and began practice at Culpeper Court
-House, Va., 1m2. After 1799 resided chiefly
at Richmond, until his appointment as at-
torney-general of the United States in 1817.
rl'his position he held for twelve years. Had
previously served one term in the Virginia
legislature, and had been for brief periods
chancellor of the eastern district of Vir-
ginia and U. S. attorncy for that state. His
best-known legal argument was that against
Aaron Burr, in 18U7, at the latter's trial for
treason. \Virt contributed .. Thc Letters of
the British Spy" to the Hichmond "Argns ,.
in 1803. These were at oncc gathered in a
volume and passed through Hll1ny edition:-.
He also wrote for the Richmond" Enquirer"
a series of papers in the style of .. The Spec-
tat or," entitled "The Hainbow" and
" The Old Bachelor." In 1817 appeared his
"Sketches of the Life allll Character of
Patrick Henry." IIis oration on the deaths
of Jefferson and Adams, deli\-ered in the U.
S. house of representati\.es, H) Oct., 18:W,
was the most notable of his mhIresses. l\Iany
of his letters are contained in John P. Ken-
nedy's "l\Iemoirs of the Life of William
\VÜ:t" (1849). After retiring from }IÜ; attor-
ney-generabhip in 182Ü, he made his resi-
dence at Baltimore. In 1832 he was the can-
didate of the anti-l\Iasonic party for the
presidency of the United States. Died,
\VashingtoIl, D. C., 18 Feb., 1834.
WISE, Henry Augustus, " Harry Grin-
go," na"al officer, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 12
.!\Iay, 1819. Entered the U. S. navy, 1834,
and served in the :i\Iexican war. \Vas com-
mander in the civil war until appointed,
1tiG2, assistant chief in the bureau of ord-
nance and hydrography. Author of .. Los
Gringos, an Interior View of l\Iexico and
California," etc. (1849), "Tales for the .!\Ia-
rines" (18.")5). "Scampavias, by Harry Grin-
go" (18.")7), "Story of the Gray African Par-
rot" (1859), and "Captain Brand of the
Schooner Centippde "(1864), Died, Naples,
Italy, 2 April, It-JüH.
WISE, Isaac Mayer, clergyman, b.
Stein grub, Bohemia, 3 April, 1t-JHI. Gradu-
ated at the university of Vienna. Rabbi of
congregations in N e\v York state until Itì.ï4,
whcn he accepted a simìhtr position in Cin-
cinnati, O. Issued" Hi:-torv of the Israelit-
ish Nation" (1854), "J udaism; its Doctrines
and Duties" (18ü2), and" The Cosmic God"
(l
7G).
WISE, John, clen;yman, baptized, Rox-
bury, 1\lass., 15 Aug., 1ß:;2. Graduated at
Hananl. :\Iillister at I pswich, :\Iass., from
1683 until his death. \Vas imprison cd and
removed from his position by Governor .An-
dros for opposing the tax-laws promulgated
in 1688. Hestored to his pulpit after the
revolution of the following year. An early
and powerful allYocate of civil liberty and
of local jurisdiction in the churches. Op-
posed and defeated a movement to central-
ize church government, with his work,
" The Churches' Quarrel espoused" (1710).
This was republished in 1772, with his other
book on the same subject, ,. A. Vindication
of the Go\'ernment of the New England
Churches" (1717), by the organizers of the
Revolution. Died, Ipswieh, )lass., 8 April,
172,).
WITHERSPOON, John, clergyman
and statesman, b. Yester, near Edinburgh,
Scotland, 5 Feb., 1722. Graduated at Edin-
burgh uniYersity. \Vas a Presbyterian
minister at Beith and Paisley, Scotland, UII-
til 17m
, when he became president of the
collegc of New Jersey. Was an active m{'JJ1-
bel' of the Continental congress from 17'j(j to
1783, and signed the Declamtion of Il1l1e-
pendence. Selections from his numerous
writings were published as " \V orks of the
Rev. John \Vit.herspoon" (1800). Died,
near Princeton, N. J., 15 Sept., 1794.
WOLCOTT, Roger, statesman and sol-
dier, b. \VimIsor, Conn., 4 Jan.. 1G79. Es-
tablished himself in bu
iness at Windsor,
and bewme interested in local and colonial
affairs. Gained great influence in Connecti-
cut, and rose through minor offices to be
chief-ju
tice and governor of the colony.
\tVas second in command at the capture of
Loui,,;burg in 174:;. "Poetical l\Iedita-
tions" appeared in 1725. Died, East Wind-
sor, Conn., 17 .!\Iay, 1761.
WOLLEY, Charles, clergyman, h. I.Jin-
colnshire, England, about 1(;.")2. GnLlIu-
ated at Cambridge university. Came to
New York with Sir Edmund Andros inIG78
and served as chaplain of Fort James until
1(it{0. when he rcturned to .England. Little
is known of his after life. lIe is!'ue<l at Lon-
don" A Two Years Journal in New York"
(1701).
WOOD, George, b. Newburyport, }\(ass.,
17ü9. Educatetl by Samuel L. Knapp, an
acth'e writer of the time. From the age of
twenty, until his death, he was a govern-
men t clerk at Washington, but found leisure
to cOlIlpo
e several works of a satirical char-
acter, aimed at current social follie
. Of
thf'se "Peter Schlemihl in .AmC'rica" (184
)
and ":\lodern Pilgrims ,. (1855) were the
most noted. Another hook. "Future Life,
or Scenes in Another World" (18;;t-J) was re-
published, after l\Iiss Phelps's" The Gates
Ajar," as "The Gates \Viae Open," amI
reached a large sale. Died, Saratoga, N. Y.,
24 Aug., 1870.
WOOD, \VilIiam, colonist. Emigrated
WOODBERRY- WOOLSEY.
to :i\fassachusetts, 1629, returning to Eng-
land in 1(j83. "Xew England's Prospect,"
the first printed description of )Ia,,;,,;achu-
setts, appeared inlö34. Wood is thought to
have again sailed for K ew England, and to
have represented Lynn in the general court
of 1G3U. settling at Sandwich. )1ass., the
following year, and dying at the latter place
in Hi:]!).
WOODBERRY, George Edward, b.
Be'-erly, :\Iass., 12 :\1ay, 1855, Graduatedat
Ilarmrd. Professor of English literature
in the state university of Xebraska, 1877-8
and 1880-
. .A mem b"er of the editorial staff
of the X. Y. "Xation," 18,:;-!). A. regular
contributor to the ".Atlantic l\Ionthlv,"' and
author of a " History of \V oOll Eng-råving .,
(1:;:;3). ." Life of Edgar Allan Poe ., (1
:;.)),
and" The Xorth ðhore \\-atch, and Other
Poems ., (1
!)0).
WOODBRIDGE, Benjamin, clerg-
'-
man, b. Wiltshire, England, Hi:2:3 (D. G.
.Mitchell). Emigrated to X ew England
ahout Hi40. Entered lIan-m'd. and was its
first graduate in 1642. Heturned to Eng-
land in 1047. and preached at Xewhury,
Berkshire, untillGG
, when he was l-jected
for non-conformih-. 'Vas at one time the
chaplain of Charll
s II., with whom he was a
fa,-orite. I,.; he:,.t kno" n bv hi,.; verses on the
death of .J ohn Cotton, gi ,-en in .:\1ather's
" )1agnalia." Die(I, Inglefield, Berkshire,
England. 1 Xo,'.. Hi
4.
WOODBURY, Levi, jurist, b. France
-
town, N. R., 22 Dec., 1 7
!). Graduated at
Dartmouth, and entered the bar. Judge of
the supreme court of Connecticut, 1
1 7-1!).
Settlc(l ill Port,.;mouth amI was governor of
Xew Hampshire. 1
3-!, :;:peakerofthe L.S.
hou,.;c uf rpprl'sentati'-e,,;, 18;'"!.), and e. S.
I'Clwtor. p.;:2:j-:J1. Secretal"\" of the nan',
11-'31-..t I'ecrct:lrvof the tn:asurY, 1t:;34-4i,
and a justice of the e.:'). gupreme"court from
1H-1:) until hi..; death. " The Writings of Le,-i
\V oodlmry" werc i
"ued posthumously in
18.)
. Died, Portsmouth, X.l 1., 4 Sept., 1
.)1.
WOODS, Kate [Tannatt], b. Peek::-kill.
X. Y., 18-. \Yas married to ('01. George II.
\Yoods, of the L S. arm\'.
\fter hi,.; death
in 18
-1 l'e,.;i(led at Sall>l
. )Ia,.;:;;.
\nthor of
numel'oug books for children, and an edi-
torial writer for the Doston "Glubc ,. and
other journal:,:.
WOODWORTH, Samuel, b. Scituate,
l\Iass.,13Jan., 17
3. Edited various papers
until his estahli,.;hment. with George P.
)Iorri", of tl1<' X. Y. '. )[irror" in 1t\;'"!:1. He-
signed his e(litOl',.;hip the following year, and
hecame a general" riter for the press.
\.u-
thor of a number of operf'tta
. Several edi-
tions of his poems Were i:';";lIed. Of his poems
only that known us .. The Old Oaken
Huèket" is remembered. Died, Xew York,
N. Y.. 9 Dec., lH4:2.
WOOLF, Benjamin Edward, b. Lon-
613
don, England, 16 Feb., 1836. Brought to
America, 1:;;39. Studied music, and was em-
ployed as a member and leader of orchestras
in Xew York city, Bo:ston, Philadelphia,
and X ew Orleans, from 183ü to 11::;71. Dur-
ing this period wrote many plays for the
theatres with which he was connected.
among which is "The Doctor of Alcan-
tara." In 1:;71 joined the editorial ::;ta1Ï of
the Boston" Saturday E,'ening Gazette."
Author of about sixty plays. 'J'hey include
"The Earl's Daughter," ,. )larie," "The Pro-
fessor, .. and. 'The
Iighty Dollar." The last
of these was produced by \Y. J. Florence in
K ew York city, 1873. Also a com poser of
music, and a contributor to thc magazines.
Some of his farees and an opera, " Pounce
and Co.," have been published.
WOOLMAN, John, Quaker preacher, b.
Xorthampton, X. J., Aug., 1í20. rntH
twenty-one rears of age he wor1.ed on the
family farm, but recei,-ed some sehooling.
lIlJsP(lllCntly taug"ht school and attended
the
uakermeetings at :\It. lIoll), X. J,
Adopted the life of an itinerant preacher
in 1740. supporting himself by working as
a tailor. Y i..;ited the Indians of the
u!'-
quehanna rÌ\"er in 1'ì(j;.J. As early as 1753
began to speak and write against slavery,
publishing in that year a tract entitled
.. Some Con
idel'ations on the Keeping
of Xegroe,.;:' Contracted a fatal illness
while on a ,isit to England in 1 77
. ,. The
\Y urks of J olm \Y oolman " were brought
out pogthumougly in 1 'ì74-5. R is .. J our-
nal ., was repuhlished in 18ì1, with an intro-
duction by John G. Whittier. Died, Y urk,
Eng-land, ì Oct.. 17ì2.
WOOLSEY, Sarah Chauncey, ,. Susan
Coolidge," b. ("lewlanù, 0., 18-, Xieee of
Theodore D. \Y oulse\'.
\. resident of X ew-
port, R. 1. Author" of se, eral books tor
childreu, including" The X f'W Yeu)"s Bnr-
gain" (18ìl) aUlI ,. What Katy Did " (1
'j2);
also" Y er,.;e
., (1880), .. A Guel"1l!"ev I.ilv"
(1l:it\1), and" .A.. Little Country Girl ;, (1
t:5).
WOOLSEY, Theodore Dwight, Fe'holar,
b. XewYork, X. Y.. 31 Oct., It-Ol. Gmdu-
ated at Yale. Studie<<l theology at Princeton.
H('sided iu El1r\lpe, 1R
7-
0, "Idle pursuing
advanced studies in Gr('(>k. \\ as l'rof'e:,,.;or
of Greek in Yale from l
:H until1
4(i, ml(l
pre!"irlent of th(' :'ame college, I84G-'ì1. \Yas
chairman of the American eommittee of
Xew Te
tament revi,.;ion, 18'ì1-81. Edited
the" Xcw Englander," 18-1:
-4. tmd wrote
muehforthc mag-azine
. He,,;ides hisorÜ:-Ïnëtl
works. edited tU]JlO1ate(1 editions of (;reek
pla
-,.; for :;;twlents.18:;-1-4:t tln(l also editions
of Lieber's" ("j,"il Lihert,-" and ,. Politictll
Ethic
." \Ya:;; con
idere
l an authoritv in
all matters n>lating to international law: 15-
:;;ue(l "lntroduetion to the Study of Inter-
naTional Law"' (lH(jO, fifth edition 1
7!'),
.. Essays on Di'"ol'ce Legislation" (l:;m,),
614
WOOLSO:N- YO U1'r
G.
"Religion of the Present and of the Fu-
ture" (1871), "Political Science, or the
State, Theoretically and Pra<:tieally Con-
siderell ., (187.), .. Communism and
ocial-
ism, in thcir History and Theon'" (1
0),
.. Eros, and Other Poems" (l
t;O), and
" Helpful Thoughts for Young :\[en" (1882).
Died. Xcw IIa\-en, ('onn.. 1 Jul\-, 188!1.
WOOLSON, Constance Fènimore, h.
Claremont,
. II., 1
-. GraIllI-niece of
James Fenimore Cooper. \Yas taken as a
chillI to Cleveland, 0., amlrecei\-cd heredu-
cation there and at the French school of
JIallame Chegaray in Xew York city. Ue-
bided at Clevelallll until the death of her
father, Charles Janis \V oolson, in 1
(i!),
spending her summers during this period on
the island of )[ach.inac, in the straits con-
necting [Jakes Huron and l\Iichigan. From
187a to her mother's Ill.'ath in ISì!) she lived
with the latter in Florida aIllI neighboring
states. She then visite,l Europe, and was
still rc,.;iding tlwre in 18!IO, Im\-ing nUHle her
home chietly at Rome, Y cnice, and Florence.
Her first contribution to a magazine was a
story in "Harper's " for 1870. It was fol-
lowed by other stories. sketches, and poems,
of which the poems were not collected in a
volume. Her works offict.ion inclmll' . 'Castle
Xowhere ; Llike-Country
ketches" (187;)),
., Ho,lman the Keeper: Southern Sketches"
(1
0), " Ànne" (ltì
'.?), .. For thp l\Iajor"
(IS$3), .. East. Angels" (18t;U), and ., Jupiter
Lig-hts " (1"'8fJ).
WORCESTER, Noah, elergyman, b.
IIolli,,:. X. R., 2.) Xov., 1 ;.'j:-:. Taught school
for some veal'S, and in l'ìl3ô became a Con-
gregation
tl minister, preaching in several
towns in .New Hampshire and )Iassaehu-
setts. From Hna t.o ltì:?!) he edited nlrious
periodicals at Bri,ghton, J!a,,:s. Founded the
)Ias,,:nchusetts peace socicty, lR1.). Author
of a number of theological works. IIi.., chief
lJook was ..
\ Solemn He\-iew of the ('ustom
of War" (1814). Dieù, Brighton, J1ass., 31
Oct.. lR37.
WORK, Henry Clay, composer. b. )[ÜI-
dletown, Conn., 1 Oct.. 1
:1
. RemO\ed to
Illinois when quite young. lteturning to
Connecticut in lR4:J. he Lecame n printer's
apprentice in Hartford. Here his fin;t song
was written. entitled "\Ve're Coming, ::5i"ter
)Iarv." In 18;);:) he remO\-ed to Chic;lgo. aIllI
cont1nued his trade as n printer. .. Tile Y ('a I'
of J uhilee" or "Kingdom Coming" was
written in 18(;1 and puhli,.;lU'd in 1
(j2 hy
Hoot & Cady, of Chieago, for whom he after-
ward compo,.;c,l exclusively. IIis most pop-
ular song, ".:\Iarching through Georg-ia, "
appeared in IS(j:), aftpr Sherman's successful
march to the sea. His SOll,gs, of which he
composed the word,.; as \H.ll as the music,
were both !!Taveand gay, amI numbered OWl'
:iixt
.. Died, Hartford, ('nnn..
JUne. INK./..
WORMELEY, Katharine Prescott, L.
Suffolk, EnglaIllI, 14 July, 1
:32. Daughter
of Aùmiral \Y ormelev, of the British navy,
who was a Yirginian fry hirth. Sen-ed at the
headquarters of the If. S. sanitary commis-
sion in the Peninsular campaign of the civil
war. Ilervolume, "The Oth('r Side of 'Val'''
(ItìR!)), consi,.;ts of letters written at that
timc. Translated fifteen volumes of the
works of Honoré de Balzac, 1
8G-90.
YONGE, Francis. Author of "A Xar-
rative of the Proceedings of the People of
South Carolina in 1 ìU," (172G). Y onge
:;;tvles himself" Surw\-or-General of South
CãrolÏnH," and hi,.; nari'ative is an account of
the re\-olution against the lords-proprietors
of the province in 1.!fJ, with a de:;;cription
of his previous unsuccessful mission to the
latter in London.
YOUMANS, Edward Livingston, sci-
entist, b. Coeymans, X. Y.,13 Junc, 1821.
The lo,.;s of cye,.;ight in youth, afterward
partially regained. intprfered somewhat
with his early studies, but persevemnce in
his profes,.;ion illentified him with the popu-
lar
cience mO\-ement which he may be said
to have initiated in this country. j<'oumlf'(l
and edited tllP "Popular :-;cienèe )1onthly"
from lSj2 to his death. Originated "The
Intprnational Scientific Serif's" in 1871. Is-
sued "..Alcnhol and the Constitution of
)[all" (l8.):;), "lIamlhook of Household
Scil'nce" (1t;;)7), and introductions to sev-
eral collections of writings hy for('ign sciC'n-
tists. Die,l. XewYork. X. Y.. It{Jan., Hit;7.
YOUNG, Charles Augustus, astrono-
mer, L. HanO\oer,
. 11., I;) Dpc., 18
.t
G 'mluatell at Dartmnuth. Profc:,.,.;or at the
,\ estern re:"erve collegl', 0., heforc and dur-
ing the civil war, in which, however, he saw
some service. Prof('s,.;or of astronomy at
Dartmouth from 1
1i.) to It,;.., when he as-
sumC'd the same chair at the college of New
J I'r:o:ey. X ote,lforhissucce,.;sinsolaroh
erva-
tions:
\.uthor of " The Sun" (18 H l) and" _\.
Tðt-Hook of General Astronomy" (18H8).
YOUNG, William, dramati,.;t, h. :\1on-
mouth, Ill., 7 Sept., It;47. Graduated at
l\Ionmouth college. Studied la\\ in C'hieago,
and at the n.gC' of twentv was rea,!\- for ad-
mission to tIie hal', hut \\=ent on the':;;tage in-
stead, to fit himself for drumatic writing.
_\ftCI' a hrief C'xperience as an actor, went
abrmtll, to study stage-art more satisfactori-
ly,re,.;iding- for iong periods in London. Oth-
erwise Ii \-ed in the X ew Englal1l1 8n,1 'Yest-
ern state,.;. IIis plays )w.Ye hcC'n produced
in X ew York city awl C'hil'ago as follows:
.. .Jonquil "(1871), "The Hogue's )1areh"
(1 fo:ì:.?) , "Pemlragon," tragedy, in verse
(1
81), "The lIou:;p ofl\fauprat" (with John
G. 'Wilson, IH
2). .. The Hnjah," comedy
(188;
), and "Ganelon," tragedy, in verse
(18titl). Contribute,l numerous poems to the
mag-azines. some of which were collected in
., Wi,.;ll1uaker:;' Town ., (188;)).
GENERAL INDEX.
THIS Personal and Topical Index coyers the entire Work.
Names of Authors represented by Relections are in small-capitals; name!' of other per!'on!'1, in lower-cape.
General Topic,; are in black-letter capitals; sub-Topics and Synonym!', in hlack-Ietter 100\er-ca",e.
Topics are grouped, a" far as pos,.ihle, under a few general head;::. "-here the alphabetical arrangement,
under a topIcal head. is by authors, theil' name!' are in small-capitnls,-othel'wi8e, in italics.
Numerals designating the re"pective Volumes are in black-Ietrer; page-numerals, in plain type.
ABBEY, HE
RY. 10: Um-140.
ABBOTT, JOII
8TEVE
S C-\BOT. 6: 2.'34-237.
ABBOTT, LnIA
, 9: 317-319; 11 : 414-417.
Abolition.-See Slat'ery.
ADA'IS, ABIGAU. S)IITH, 3 : 296-303.
ADA'IS, CHARLE5 FOLLE
, 10 : 15
.
ADnl:,!, Cll.\.RLES FR.\.XCI,.;. 6: 3:;1-353; 11: 454.
AOA.)18, CHARLES FR.\.XCI8, JR., 9: 236-239.
A DA.)IS, IIANXAH. 4 : fi5-73.
ADA '\15, HEXRY, 11 : 418-424.
AOA)IS, .JOHN (the cler!!yman), 2: 366-368.
AOA'IS, .JOH
, 3: 1HI;-
m,-:\Ierey 'Yarren's
Letter to, 124,-.Jefferson's Letters to, 280,
2-.:
, 2
-I:; \nrt's Oration on, 4: 325,-Ima!!Ï-
nary Speech of, lJ-éb.ster, {HO; and see 3: 273.
ADA:\IS. J OH:'õ QUI:'õ<W, 4 : :!:!!1-245 ; Portrait of,
Jlors p , 10: 3.') ; and see 3 : 205.
,. Adams, :\[oses" (p::;eud.).-8ee G. n: Bagb!!.
ADA'I,.;.
nIUEL, 3: Hl-!I
; 11: 447.
Adventure.-See History, -,-Yarra/it'e.
"...-Esop, Ueo. "-ashingtun" (Pseud.).-See
(;w. T. LanirJrtn.
ALBEE, JOIIX. 9: 45-48.
ALCOTT, A 'IOS BRO
,.;O
, 6: 17-22.
ALCOTT, LOUIS.\. :\l\Y,8: 3H-t-591.
ALDE
, HE:'õR\ :\hLLS.9 : 3w-!04.
ALDRICH, .J A'II;,.;, 6 : 513.
ALDRICH, THml.\.s BAILEY, 9 : R77-3!)O.
ALEXA]'\"DER, ARCIIIllALD, 4: 313-314.
ALGER, ""ILLIA:\I ROG
EVILLE, 8 : 89-91.
ALLEs, BE
J
'liS, 4: 431i.
ALLE
, ETHAs, 3: 2.,)2-23ß,-Rivington's Ad-
venture with,
11.1.
Allen, William. Xotptl Sn!lillf/, 11 : 451.
ALLSTOS, 'VASnrXGTOS, 4: 4
7--4
4.
ALSOP, GEORGE, 1 : 403-410.
AL
oP, RICIJ\RO, 4: 167-168; and see" The
]vlI'((o1"d nït.ç," 3 : 422-42f1.
A 'IES, FISHER, 4 : 187-145; 11: 4-1:7.
Ames.
[ar\" Clemmer .-See _lL C. Hudson.
A:\fEs, NA.TÌIA
IEL, 2: 424-428.
ASOERSON. .J OSEI'H. 11 : B:
fJ.
AXDlæw, JOH
ALBlo]'\", 11 : 454.
A
DREWS, 8TEPHE" PEARL, 7: 155-157.
ANECDOTE. - At J{'f!erson's Dinner"
Table, J. TI"'1.unbull, 4: 90; Figures of the
Past, .Jo.
iall Quinc!!, 6: 123;
oted People,
Glimpses of, Jlotl"y, 11 : 377-3.
1 ; of a Trav-
eller, T. DwigM, 3: 4j!l: of Cooke, DUI/lap, 4:
215, 217; of :\Iorri:s, :\Iitchill. etc., FlYl7u'i.ç,
5 : 189, 100; of Thackeray, J. T. Fipld.
, 7 :
309; of the Revolution, r;a1"dm, 4 : 13:3; of
'Washington, nécm.
, 4 : 2-1.
AN"oSYMOUS, 1: 4-t-:iO,-200.-450-4fi2; 2: 2!14-
29ß.-33-t-:.m:>,--!,()"-!78; 3 : 3:
')-Böl; 4: 127,
-198-199,-2.'51; 5: 1O:>-lOti.--461--4ß2; 8:
2ß:>-270,-3Gl, 8m. a1i7. 31;''' ; 11 : 347.-361.
ANTHOXY, SL:H
BIWWXELL, 7 : 526--527.
ANTROllCS, JOH
, 8 : :;:i5-:J:J7.
ApPLETOX, TIIO)I.\:-. GOLD. 7 : 157.
"ARISTOCR.\.CY," THE AGTIIOR OF, 10: 32.'>-3.'30.
"-\.rkwright, Peleg" (Pseud.). -See D. L.
Proudfit.
_\H
OLLI, BE'\EDICT, 3: 3:34-325.
.\.H
OLD. GEOHHE, 9: 152-155.
Art.-See CriticÙull.
\STOR, "-ILLI \\1 \V ALDORF, 10: 465-471.
.\ TKI'\::;OX, EDWARD, 8 : R73-37ß.
AnWBOS, JOHS J.nlE:-', 5: 19-:34.
Al"m'\GElt, On \DI
H CVRr:-.. 10: :>10.
AnHIx, .J -\ '\ E GOOD\\ I
. 8 : :;
'!-.):!7.
AGSTI", 'VILLInl. 4: 372-393.
"Bachelor BlutI., (Pseud. ).-See O. B. E'lne".
B -\co
DELJ\,7: 117-1:?O; Biographical f'ketch
of, T. Bacon, 11 : 410.
BACOX, LEO""' \IW. 6 :
8-91.
B -\cox, X \TIIAXIEL, 1: 448-450,-Berkele)'s
Declaration against. 445,-Allonymous Ac-
count of, .no, 455, 45
, 4:;O.-Epitaphs on.
4;)Ô, -I::;7.-Story of his Rebellion, by "T.
Jl., " 4(;2.
Bacon's Rebellion.-See War.
BACO]'\", THEOJlouE. 11 : 41O-U4.
B.\GHl, GEORGE 'VILLI \:\1. 8: R."5-3k!I,
BUHD, HEXRV :\hRTn., 9: 1!J-:!:t
R \KEU, GEOUGI: An;c:'Tl:::>, 10: :;
2.
B \KER, "-II.Llnl :\[(-'IFORD, 8: :3-l8-
:;2.
R \LDWI
, JO:'EJ'U G., 6: -I:9"J-..t!J!.
Ballads. etc.-See Poetr!!.
B \LLOP, IIO"E \, 4 :
n8-aOl.
B.\Xl:ROFT, GEORGE, 6: a-17.
BA.
CIWFT, HGBERT I1o
E, 9: 2i-W.
616
GENERAL I.1YDEX.
BARLOW, JOEL, 4: 4(')-57; and see" The Hadf01'd
Wits," 3 : 4
2-4
9.
BARXARD, CHAItLE":, 9 : 571-574.
BAIt
\RD, FREDEIUCK A l'"Gt:"STl'"S PORTER, 6:
493-5UO.
"Barna val, Louis" (Pseud. ).-See C. De Kay.
13 \RR, A:\IELlA EDITH, 8 : 537-56-1.
RAImo!'., ELWYN ALFItED, 11: 204-208.
BARTOL, C\Rn; An;rsTu::>, 7: 219-2
1.
BARTIU:\I, \\"11.1.1.\\1, 4: 3--15.
BASCO:\I, Jou", 8: 371-373.
RATE", ARLO, 10: 573--58
; 11: 343.
B \TES, CHARLOTTE FI
KE, 9: 540.
Bates, Ed\\ard, Xotal Sa!Jillll, 7: 191.
B \TE:-;, ELIZ \BLTH 8E \RS, 11: 3.,)
.
BATE:", IIAIUUET LEOSOHA YOSE, 11: 236-240.
BATE::>, KATHAHI
E LEE, 11: 331-:
52.
BATES, )hRGHET HOL'Il:":, 10:
9:l-:!OO.
BAÀTER, .JA:\IES PllI:\"l\El, 8: 543-54-1.
B\YAHD, .LDIEs A":I1ETOX, 4: 241}-
7.
B \1 LOH. :FHncEs C'ounESAY, 10: 473-4,9.
Bay Psalm Book. The.-l: 21l-2Hi.
Bee, Bernard E., Koted Sll!Jillll, 7 : 1!}:3.
REECIIFR, TIE'ItY ". AHD, 7 : 201-217.
BEECHEIt, L\:\I \X, 4: 34H-353.
REEHs, ETHEL Ly
s. 8: 3112.
BEEH
, HEXRY Al'"Gl'"sTI". 10: 379-380.
BELK
AP, JEUE:\IY, 3: 313--3:!3.
BELLA:\IY, EDWARD, 10: 5.,6-5m.
BI:LLnIY, ,TO"EPH, 2: 441-145.
BELLA\\", A \IEIUCt;:, 'VELLII\GTOX, 10: 159.
BELLOW
, IIE:"i"R} ""HITXEY, 7 : 2-!8--
52.
BEXEDICT, FH\SJ
LEE, 9: l\)H-:
fj.
J3Ll\EZET, A:\TUOSY. 2: 400-4!}2; Rush's.á.nec-
clote!'> of, 3 : 309.
BES.T \ 'liS, P \RK, 6 : 4'W.
HFS.T \ 'n
, SA 'll"EL (}r{EEXE ""llI:ELER, 9: 461-
41;
.
nE
"'EL, .J nn"s REHHY, 11 : 222--:!2B.
" Beu!'>on, Carl " (P
eu(l.).-See C. _1. Brisled.
BEYro', .JOEL, 8: 5,1}-:>77.
BE:\TOS. THO:\I\:-; H\HT. 5: 27-36: 11: 45l.
BEHKELEY, GEOHGr., 2 :321-3:
8,-On the Pros-
pect of Planting .Arts ana Learning in
America, 2.
BErtKr.LEY, 8m ',"IT.LInl. 1: 4-J..
8.
IkTIH":\E, GEORGE \LU;III
(rTO
, 6: 231.
BI:\ I:J{LY, ROBERT, 2: 2ß.-)-:!,:!.
l
IUULI:, XICIIOL \
, 5: 119-1:31.
BIGELo\\, .JuIIS, 7: 343-34R
BIGELov., POl'LT"E\", 11 : 197-:Y>0.
"Biglow, Hm.ea" (Pseud. ).-See J. R. Lowell.
BHrL()\\, 'VII.LInl, 4: 3;
35.
" Billings, Josh" (Pseud. ).-Ree II. Tr: SlW/fJ.
BIOGRAPHIES. SHORT. of all au-
thors repre
ellted in thh; work, Arthur Sted-
man, 11 : 4ß7-6U.
BIOGRAPHY.-A(lam!';, Hannah, Alt-
tobio!lmpll?/, 4: 67: Baeon, Dp1Ïa, and her
Theory, T. Bffron. 11: 410 : Beedll'r, L., An-
tuh., 4: :
;i). 3.ì
: Benezet, A., Anecllotes of,
Rush, 3: :
I;t): Bergh, Henry, Bud, 10: .ì!l:{;
Brainerù's :-;tor
' of his Conven;ion, D.
Braiuad, 2: :
(jS: Brown, .John, Death and
Character uf, Sanborn, 8 : :>:3.'3 : Burr, Aaron,
Second )[arriag-e of, RII.ton, 8: ü4; Burritt
as the I.earned Blaeksmith. Burritt, 7: 44;
Cole, Thomas, G. n-. GI'('I ue, 7: !)8: Cooke,
G. F., Dunlap, 4: 215-2W: Copwa.v's Recol-
lections, .Alltub., 11: 3136: Cotton, Master .J.,
.T. Nodon, 1: 361 : Cro('kett, Davill, A utob.,
11 : 3ß5 ; Custer and his Hounds.. .1[rs. Custer,
10: 301; Dabney, Thoma::;, SJ/tedes, 10: 114 ;
Douglass, F., Experience as a Slave, Autob.,
7: 358; Edwards, Jonathan, Pen,onal
arra-
ti'"e, Autub., 2: 373; Emerson in his Study,
Cabol, 8: 21; Franklin, B., his Reminis-
cences, .lutub., 3: 3,-Anecdutes of, JI.tferðUll,
272,-Life, Ircc1lls, 4: 31 ; :Fuller, )largaret,
H: H. UIWIWi1t.'), 7 : 51 ; t
arrisun, '\". L.. Tr.
P. Garri.
un, 10: 44: Grant's Personal Me-
moirs, Autub., 7: 573, 570; Henry, Patril'k,
Hid, 4: 317, 321, 3:!
; Bouher, Thomas,
Life and Dcath of, C. Jlatlll r, 2 : 14!): J etter-
son, Joseph, Autub., 11: 3H8: Jefferson,
Thomas, Autob., 3: 2U5-:!72; Kemble, :Fanny,
Reeords of a Girlhood, Autub., 6: 500; Lan-
dor, Reminiscences uf, IÚ/te Field, 10: 58;
Lay, Benjamin, Aneeùotes of, Rush, 3: 3ti7:
Leeeh, John, Slurgi." 9: 433: Lineoln, -"\.,
Heminiscences of, .,. ]J,'uoks, 8: 481,-the
Death of, Xicu!ag and Hal/, 11 : 4m; )latlIer,
Cutton, Home Life of, H. .i.llatltn'. 2: :Y!IJ,-as
a ""riter, etc., Tyler, 9: 21U;
Iather.lnerem'e,
Last Days uf, U. _lJatllt/", 2: 16-1: 11itehel"s
Story of an Adyenture, .i.1litchel, 6: 533: .Mur-
ray's Story of his (;rammar. L. Jlul"ray, 3:
31).) ; X o
es, J ames, X.XIJ!J("
, 2 : :!Ol : Parker,
Thomas, _,"": XUl/e.
. 2 :
()1 ; Peter the Great,
SdUI!/lL/", 10: 56; Prescott, Traits of, U. Tick-
nul', 5: :M5; Putnam aIlIl the 'YoU. lIll/n-
p!t/"{l/s. 3: 4!11; Sheridan's Hide, Al/tub.,8: 51;0;
Sherman, 'V. 1'., Autub., 7: 550, 55-!:
til('s,
President, A. Ilu{l/lcs, 4: 1,9; Trumhull,
.John (the painter), AlItob., 4: 89-92: Turell,
Jane,
Hd her Poetry, Eb. Tunlf, 2: 351;:
Yoltaire, radun, 8: (5!): ',,"ashing-tou, Lh"es
of, n'{'IJJl.
, 4: 'M,-_1Ia/"slwll,59-ü5,-Lodge,
10: .if).!; ". cbster's Reminiseences, D. H'cb-
stu', 4: 450-4:>:3; 'V oolman's Personal X arra-
th"e, AI/tob., 3: 78.-8ee, abo, Clw/"acteriza-
lions, CO/"I"(."P07ult'Ju'e, Dia ria;.
BIRD, ROBERT lIIoXTGmIER}, 6: 1fi8-171.
BISHOP, )1 -\Rl" C \THEUI
I.;, 11: 342.
BISHOP, 'YILLLnI IIESRY, 10: 31'\0-391.
Rlae
Hawk, .Yutcd Sill/in.'}, 11: 430.
RL\I
E, J.uu.::-o GILLE
l'IE, 8: 458-461.
BLI:nsoE, ALBERT 1'.\1 LOH. 7: 41-44.
Br.EEl'h.El{, Ass ELIZ \. 3: 483-484,
Rr.OEI>E, GEHTRrDE, 10: :3W.
BLOOD, HESRY A)lEs, 9: 553-;)57.
Rmn:R. GEORGE IIE"IO, 8 : 111-118.
BO"ER, .Torrx HE:>OHY. 10: 3:H-3R2.
"Bonner, Rherwood" (Pseud.).-See Kath-
eJ'illf'S. B. JlrDOlJ'dl.
BOOTH, )[ \RY LorrsE. 8: 547-549.
BOTTA.,
\!'.
E CH \RLOTTE LY:>O<.:H, 7 : 523.
HOTT \, YIXCEXZO, 7 : 31i!1-370.
R(J["DI
OT, ELIAS, 4 : ].')-17..
BOYEE, CIIRISTI \S :Kr.:-oTEI I.. 7 : 5:!R--52;>.
Bowen. Henry Chandler. XotNT Sayiu,l/, 11 : 432-
BOWKER, RICH \1m ]{or;EH
, 10: -184-487.
BowLr.s, 8 nIUEI., 8: 2ü3-21J4.
BowsE, Euz.\ SOrTlWATE, 4: 493-499.
Boy ESE", HJ \1.:\1 \R IT.JORTH, 10: 45.)-4(j5.
Boyle, Sat'ah R.-Bee 6ùmh Roof'1'ts.
BHACKE"HIDGE, }lE"'HY )IAHlE, 5 : 106-111.
BRACKE:\HIDGE, 1!l"GII HE:\H} , 3: 389-396.
BRADFORD, WILLIA)I, 1 : 93-116.
"Hn \DFORD'S Ar-.D 'VIXSLOW'S JOURNAL," 1:
116-130.
BR\DLE}, :;\IARY E)IILY, 9: 326-32b.
BR.\.DSTREET, AS:\E, 1: 311-315,-X 'Yard in
Praise uf, :31:).'5; Rog-ers's Proem to her Poems,
2: 41,-Xorton's Dirge for, 46.
Bragg, Edward Stuyvesant, .Yoted Sayill{J, 11:
460.
GENERAL INDEX.
617
BRAIXARD, JOllX GARIHXER C..\.LKIX,.,5: 442-
443.
BR..\.IXERD, DA YID. 2 : 368-3i3.
"Breitmann, Hans ., (Pseuù.).-See G. G. Le-
land.
BIUDGE, Tnmr...\.!'<, 2 : 2
1-233.
"Bridges, 1Iaùeline " (Pseuù.).-See _lfm'y A..
De Vere.
BHWG,.;, CllAHLES FREDERICK. 6 : 21
222.
BUISTED, C'UARLE5 ASTou, 7 : 543-5-16.
BUmILEY, Is.\..\.c HILL. 9: 99-102: 11: 456.
BROOKS, ('H \HLE5 TDIOTHY. 7: 247-248.
BHOOKS, )hRH (
O\\ E,". 5: 3,>1-359.
BROOKS,
OUI, 8: 4s1-4s6.
BuooKs, PHILI.Il'S, 9 : 245-24i.
Brother Azarias.-See P. F.
lI/lllttIIY.
BROTUEHTO,". ALICE "'ILLIA ,[,.;.10: 364-365.
BROWr-., Cu \RLL8 BROCKDEX, 4: 265-292; H.
T. Tuckerman OIl. 7 : 224.
BROWX, .JOIlX, of O
awatomie, 6: 34-38; San-
born's Account of his Death auù Character,
8: 538.
BHOws, .JO";EPll BROWXLEE, 8: 24Q.
BROWX, PH<.EBE HI"";LH.LE, 11: 3,'))0).
BRowxE, CH.\.HLES F.\HlUH. 9: 11)1-164.
BRowxE, FU,D,C[S FISHER. 10: 206--207.
Buow:>'E, .JOIIX }{o";'" 7 : 3:
i-3-!2.
BRowxE, Je:>.n-5 HE,"IU. 9 : 114-118.
BROWXELL, IIEXUY }low \Rn, 7 : ;');')5-550,
BROW:>.ELL, WILLlA:\I CR \HY, 11: 4:'!-!9.
BRowx,,;ox, ORE";TES ACGL;sTL",.. 6: ll1-1i6.
BUl \XT, ""ILLI \:\1 Cr LLEX. 5 : 305-325.
BCCKI:>'GH \ 'I, J O";EPH TIXKEU, 4 : 4:
O-12l.
BecK,ux8TER, JO";EI'H STE'-EX:<. 4: 4!H-492.
BeEL, CLAREXCE CLoum. 10: 393-598.
BeLKLE\", PETEU. 1 : 24-1-24.'1.
Bev:E, ÚLI\"EU BELl.. 8 : 400-405.
Bn.xEu, IlE:>.RY Cn"LER.11: 187-100.
Burchar<<l,
aIlluel Dickinson, Xnfl'd Saying,
11 : -1üO.
BnWEfTE, ROBERT JO,"E";. 10: 2i;}-27G.
BCIWE";, TH[ST \,1,4: 2tj0-21i:).
BCRLEWU, GEORGE ::5UEP\RD. 8: 24-2/).
BCRLEIGII, '\"ILLI,i\[ HEXRY, 7: 1;0-17l.
BCR:>.ETT, FR.\. WOE:> Hom;,..o". 10: 408-::í1O.
Burr, Aaron, XlJifd S'l!/in!l.
, 11: -l-I:!I: S. Hop-
kins's Letter to, 3: ðt!: :\Iurton's Poem to. 4:
1UÜ,-'Virt's Ar
ument against, 3
7; Par-
ton's Life of, 8 : tH:o
BrRRITT, ELlHe. 7 : 4-!--!;).
BrRRourms, .Tou:>., 9: 44:
-457.
Be::msELL, FH.\XCES LOLI";A, 9 : 198.
BGSn"LLL, lIoR \CI:, 6: !Ia-H:-!.
Butler, Benjamin Franklin,
Yf)tF'd Saying, 7:
1!1:
.
BCTLER, 'V"ILLlur ALl_EX. 8: 2;JS-2:m.
BrTTERwoRTII, HEZEK[ \II, 9 : 005-607.
BYFIELD,
\T1UXIEL. 2: .:3-.a.
13\ I-E-., )1 \THER, 2 : 4:!S--1:{'3.
B\:>....ER. EIHVI'" L\,,";ETTER, 10: 165-171.
BYRD, WILLlur, 2: H02-30iJ.
C .\.ßLE, GEORGE W A:-<II1"'üTON. 10: 259-2ì5.
C.\ßOT, .Ln[[:
ELLIOT, 8: 21-U.
CALLF, I{ommT, 2 : lIj7-HN.
CALHOUN, JOIIS C .\.LD\\ ELL, 4: 478-4S!): 11:
4:>1,452: A Convcr"ation "ith, .Adams, 4: 2:31.
C.\.LLESDER, JOIlS, 2: 41
14.
CALYERT, t
EORGE IIE,"Rl". 6: 176--177.
Cambridge Platform, The.-l : 2tj3-
2!1O.
C.\.REY, RE"RY CII.\.RLE";. 5: 2i8-2.,1.
CAREY, )f\THEW. 4: 1ti2-HiÎ.
CARLETON, IIE:>'R1 (
l-Y. 11: 1.5-179.
CARLETU:>., '\'ILI., 10: 311-31:!.
C.\.RXEGIE, AXDREW, 9: 328-331.
C \HPEXTER, A
[ELIA ". .\.L
TIEX. 10: 5H-
C .\.RI'EYfEH, E.-THER BEIOiO,", 11: 95-99.
CARPEXTER. HEXRY BERX..\.RD. 10: {)2--68.
CAHRYL, CHARLES EDW \RD, 10: 1t1J-llO.
CARTER, ROBERT, 7 : 4H8-5û1.
('AHY, ALICE, 7 : 5
Q-5a9.
C.\S5, LEWI";, 5 : 25-27.
CATHERWOOD, )I\RY IhRTWELL, 11: 436-439.
CATLI:>', GEORGE, á: 4:!!J-434.
CA Y AZZA, ELI:",\HETn, 11 : 16:1-1ß7.
C\ WEIX, :\1.!.DI";ox Jl"LlCS, 11 : 330-331.
CIUD\\ ICK, .JOII" '\"IlITE. 10: 34-35.
CHALKLEY, Tumu,.;, 2: 312-314.
CIH:\LER, A
IÉLlE RIYES. 11: 323-:327.
CHAXX[XG, EDW.!.RD TYRHEL, 5 : 225-229.
CI1 \"'\ [:>'G, '\"ILLlA"\I ELLEHy,5: 3-19; Alcott's
Sonnet on, 6: 19; Bellows's Addres!', 7 : 250.
CHAXXING, 'VrLLLU[ ELLEHY, 2d. 7 : 374-378.
CHA:>.XING, '\"ILLlA\1 HEXRY, 7: 51-53.
CHARACTERIZATIONS, PER.
SONAL.-Adam,., J. Q., E. El'erelt, 5:
332,-801'(1)"//, 6: 4;),-.J. 1'. JInr!;c. Jr., 10:
35; Anthon, CharIe", Drislel", 7: 364; Bona-
parte, Ch./IIl11 ill.'!, 5: 3; Brainerd, Davit I,
Edwards. 2: 39H; Bre\\ ster, Wilham, Erad-
ford, 1: 111; ßumet, Gov., T. 1llltdtÌn.
oll,
3: 57; Ca\-our the Statesman, C Botta, 7:
3ô9; Channing as a Preaeher. BIlloll'S, 7:
2.>0; Clay, Sc!III1'Z. 8 : 4.3:3 ; Conklin !:i. Uoscoe,
C. A..lJllIW, 7: 4fi2; Cooper, J. F., Loullsbu/'y,
9: 5..'3; Cottùn. J., J. Xorton. 1 : :IM: De Lan-
cey, Lieut.-Gov., n
LÍI'ill!/.
tl.)lI, 2: 457;
Eaton, )Iaster Theophillls. Co JI(ltltcr, 2 : 140;
Eliot, )Iaster .John, The EXfJubitc Charity
of, C.
l[,ltltf:l', 2: 15G; Emerson, 1lolmes, 7 :
33; Emerson the W1apsodist, A. B. Alcott.. 6:
21; Father Ta
lor. BII.tol, 7:
HI; Fisk,
J ames, n
1e PI/l'I]J.
. 9: tj():3; rranklin, J.
Atl/UIl.
, 3: 1!
i.-J, Big/lull'. 7: 34::í; George
IlL. G. J]/ll/l'/'(
ft, 6 : 9: Gladstone Speakill!!..,
TOlcle, 10: tl8; Goll1"lIIith. Oliver, Irvinfl, 5 :
'12 ; Greeley, G. A. Dlllla, 7: 4-tS; Hamilton,
F. AIIL(,.
, 4: 139,-H. (;. Otis, 1!}7: Hamilton
and Adams, Jç(tir.wm, 3: 273; Holloway, .J.,
and'L Hopkins. T\\ 0 Colonial 1.:1\\ yer,o., fii/'
J'Jlm Randolph, 2: 3..n; In ill!!, \\"., D/l?lchw'k,
7: 318; .Jackson, A., T. II. Bllt'JII, 5: 3-1;
Jackson's Iron '\"ill, HíJodbll1'!1. 5: 1!I:-!:.J amc')
1., .
titll. 2: H:
5 : .J
1It;.,r::;on. !.,.
Jíb.<t:'J.\
: 45
-C..J. IlIfJ"l.wll,5. 3/,-lItltlHt!i.6. ;3-5.-[1.
A.tlallls. 11: 4Q : .Johnston, Alùert
itlney, 11':
r. Jl)llI/.
t/JlI. 8: ;).2; Lafa.\ette, B. T//I'kennllll,
11 : 208; Lincoln, r. JI. ('l/lY, 7 : 5:'3,-R. G.
11l!J{,/'l<oll, 9: 1OH; Louis Bhllll", SlIwlll'!J, 9: 12:3;
)larlboIl, .liß, I'SOIl. 3 : 2üû; 1Ialher, Cotton,
S.. lIl/tlwl', 2: :w1 ; Paine, Thomas, Em'lull', 4 :
56: Pm'ker, Theo.., 1J7/i}Jpl" 7: :J!I(j: Par"ons,
T.. n"cb.
tcr, 4 : 4,')!: PeabOlh-. George, R. r.
1rïlltlll'OjJ, 6: 421: Phillips, ',," ewlell, n. 1.-.
Cltrti.
. 8: 187; Pickerin!!, Rev. George, .L.
8tc/'('lIs, 7 : 2H5 ; Pierrepunt. t:arah, .Edll'lIrd!;,
2: &H : Poc's (
enius and ("hara/.ter, (;ri.
-
wold, 7: 2'3:): Powhatan. Portrait of. ,"tme!ic!1,
1: 27: Ruskin, .John, Stillmlln. 8: 3i!}: 8hep-
anI, .J Oa!llla, 1'..
/lLpl/..!'ll.
: 210: Sherman,J
the Soldier, j(, ld. 9 : 4,1 :
tanton, E. :\1.,11.
ntl.
oll, 7: 160: Thomas, (Teorge Henr
'. GIl/'-
jitld, 8: ,,)2i: Thoreau, W. E. Channin!:i, 2ù,
7 : Hit) : Yan Buren, Picture of, _Y. B. T/ll'ker,
5: 87: Wa"hington, .T. Jlimilwll, 4: G2; W ('b-
ster, D., Chuah, 5: 49R, 501; WiIlhuIl IlL,
1Vadswortlt, 2: 2J!J; Wilson, He\. Juhn, .lV,
618
GENERAL I.1.VDEX.
J.Iorto'T!, 1 : 41ì: Winthrop, J., X: ..l[OI't07/, 1 :
417; 1\'irt, "'., Knllledy, 5: 393. See, also,
BiOf]1'aplty and Iv({ry.
CHARACTER SKETCHES.-Ât
Eäse with the Romanys, Lelatlll, 8: 192; At
LncIe Christopher's, ('ary, 7: :>
O; Aunt
Becky" Kunjured," J1cj)(JIt'l fl, 10: 5
x; Col-
oners Clothes, The, U. II. CU/J/UII, 5: 340;
Dumef'tic T
rant, A., LarllNl, 9 : 3:1U; Even-
ing )Ieeting" at Cnele '::Iias's, E. B. Carpenta,
11: 95: Fif'hin' Jimm
. Slus..on, 11: 4
9;
Free Joe, J. C. 11al"l"is, 10: 442; Gentleman
who Lived too Long, The, Fawcett, 10: 406;
J ohn,
4.. D. Riclw rd.wm, 9 : 81 ; .r ohn J onlan,
the ::icout, J. R. Gilmore, 8: 1:>2: Olù "Beau"
anù "Crutch, the Page," G. A. Tuwn.wnd, 10:
75; Old Lady Ping-ree, Wilkins, 11 : 288; Old
Man, The, E. Fidel, 10: 616; Old Vinrinia
Preacher, 1Iïrt, 4: 314; Pal's Came too Late,
The, Tyr, 10: (j09; Rou!!h-and- Tumhle Fight,
The. LOII.qstrret. 5 : 22
f; Tar-Baby Story, 'The
.W oIlllel"fnl, .J. C. JIà l"I"is, 10: 440; L nele Lige,
JÜs. 1I(llwo1't1l, 9 : 4G:J.-Sec, also, Fictiun.
('nA!"E, PHILAXDER, 4 : R:).""'.>-R:ïS.
CII \SE, SAL:\W
l'oHTL.!.XI>, 6: 391-
!)-! ; 7: Hl4 ;
11 : 452; Evarts's Eulog-
on, 7 : 3
6.
CHurXCY, CIHRLES, 2: 417-421.
CllEEVER, GEOHriE B \RHELL, 6: :l-!(j.....350.
CHEJSEY, JOHX V AJl.CE, 10 : 4.,}
!);;.
CliILD, FRAxcb JA:\IE", 8: 23:l-2
:).
CHILD, LYDIA )lAm.\., 6: 78--85; )Iay's Tribute
to, 5 : 468.
CrroATE, Rl"FG8, 5 : 4!)5-;)01 ; 7 : un. HI'J.
Christy, David, Xoted S((yillf/. 7 : H12.
CRl-RCH, BEl'i.L,,-,.II
plass.). 2 : ()
71.
CllUHCH, BE
J.nIIX (R. 1.), 3: 18.'5.
Civil War, The.-See War.
CLAP, Ror.EH, 1: 4!16-5oo.
Clapp, Henry, Xotal S,lyinf/, 7: IH3.
CLUU\:, J DIES GOWDY. 8: 470-471.
CLARK, Ku}; Ll'''OX, 11: 3-1,6-347.
CLARK, 'YILU::o GAYLOlW, 6: 5
ì-;-)
9.
CLARKE, I:",\.\f' EDWARDS, 8: 47S-!SO.
CLAUKE, J DIES FREE:\IAN, 7: 4S-50.
CLA \', C.\ssn"s \I...\.RCELIXS, 7 : 5
54.
CLAY, HEXRY, 4: 3.'5Ð-3ï1; 11: 4:>0,457; His
Duel with Handolph, 5: 2';.
CLE
fEX!", S DIl"EL L.\.XUIIORNE, 9 : 2f10-307.
Clemmer,
Iary.-See ..1I. e.II,/elson.
CLEVEL..UiD,
\ \uox. 3: 304--306.
CLEVELAXD, GIWVER, 11 : 4;j.'3-!;-)!).
CIÆYELAND, Ros}; ELIZ \HE rn, 10: 3.57-3(j0.
CLIFFTON, 'VILLI BI. 4: 311-812.
CLINTON, DE WITT, 4: :!.'H-2:>S.
CLY"\IEH, ELL.\ DIETZ, 10: 4S7-tSs.
COAX, TITrs
In.:>oN, 10: 104--107.
COFFIN, CHARLES CARLETON, 8: 1G2-lfiS.
Com-wELL,
I \:-ON FITCH.-See "The IIart-
ford "Wits," 3 : 426.
COLDEN, CADW.\LL.\.DER, 2: 330-334.
COLE:\IAN, BE X.! nux, 2: 2!1tj-3Ul.
COLLS, ABRAllUI, 7: 1
IH4.
COLLIER, TllO"\L\S STEI'IIEXS, 10 : 128.
COLI,YER, ROBERT, 8: 150-15
.
COLTON. 'L.\.LTEH. 5: 4ß.t--!fiH.
COXE, HELEN GRA \", 11 : 2
2-285.
CO
GDO"
CnA1UÆS T
BEH, 7: !)()
570.
CO:\RAD, HOBERT T .\.YLOU, 7 : 5-!-.)
.
CONWAY, K-\THERIXE ELEAXOR, 11: 113-114.
CUl'iWAY, )I()
cnm D-\"IEL, 9: 40--4.3.
COUK, EBENEZER. 2: 272-274.
COOKE, GEOUGE "'ILLIS, 10: 4;-)1-453.
COOKE, Jonx E"TEX, 8: 471-476.
COOKE, PHILIP PEXDLETOX. 7 : 2
J-!-2m.
COOI
E, RO"E TERRY, S : 324-
:
4.
COOLBRITll, Ix.\ D., 10: 356--357.
"Coolh:Jge, ::;usan" (Pseud. ).-See Sarah C.
Woolsey.
Comm:., ANNE SHELDON, 11: 22+-2'28.
COOPER, GEORGE, 11 : 354.
COOPER, J A:\IES FExnIORE, 5: 138-183; Louns-
bury's Life of, 9 : 578.
Copeland, J ohn.-See The Quakc/" Pctition, 1 :
401-403.
COPWAY, GEOROE, 11 : 3
6-3nO.
CORRESPONDENCE.-ÂDA:\ls, ABI-
GAIL S., To Luev ('ranch. de
cribing )1 a-
dame Helvetills, 3 : 2
IG,- The Ambasf'ador's
Ball, 300,-1'0 )Irs. Cranch, On Opera Girls,
297,-
\t St. .James's,
IH,-To hel' daug"hter,
from "'ashin!!ton, 302: .\D..DI8, J., To
.
Webb, with a Prediction, 3: HlS,-ToJ. Sul-
livan, on Popular SlItfrag-e, lW,-To his
Wife, on the Birth of the
ation, 201,- To B.
Rush, 203,-1'0 T. Picl
erinl!, on the Dedara-
tiun of Independence, 204,-1'0 J. Q. Adams,
on the latter's Election to the Presidency,
205;
-\ R'ifILD, B., Proposal to his Sweet-
heart, 3: HU; B.\.RLOW, J., To J. Cheetham,
eonl"eming T. Paine, 4: 56; BELL nIY, J., To
a Friend, on Virtue, 2: 441; BUWNE, ELIZA.
S., To her Frienrls, de"erihing- life anli
manners,4: 493-499; BROWN, JOHN, To H.
Humphrey, before the wriler's exeeutioT., 6:
3ü,-To D. R. Tilllen, 37; BYLES, )1., To the
Great )lr. Pope, 2: 431; CII..\XXIJl.G, 'V. E.,
To
Ii;.:s Baillie. on Thuma;; )Ioore's Theory
of (
enius, 5: 17; CLH, II., To J. (
ibson,
on Slavery and
\.bolition, 4: 368; Cl-DWOHTH,
J., To -, Recounting the trials of the
Quakers, 1: 300; ELIOT, J.. To T. Shepard,
on Allmoni!'hing the Indian;.:, 1 : 332 ; E"\IER-
!'o
, R. 'V., To Carlyle, on the Civil War, 6:
164; FR.\.XKLIX, B.., To Whitefield, on Faith
and Good Works, 3: 34,-1'0 Priestley, 35,-
'to'L Strahan, 36,-1'0 1\Irs. Bache, on He-
reditary Titles, 3(i.-To S. )Iather, 3
I,-To
Geo. '\llatel
. 40,- To )Irs.
Iecom, on Spell-
ing', 41,- To Paine, on "The .\gC of Hea;.:on,"
42,-To K. WeLster, on "'riting anel Print-
ing, 43.-1'0 StileR, on Religion. 45,-1'0
Hartley, on the Starnp.Aet, 46,-to l{.
Iorris,
on American Crellit, 47; HA "\IILTO
,
\.., To
R. )Iorris, on the FinanceI', 4: 110; HOOKE,
'Y.. ToJ. 'Yinthrop, Oil the l>eath of the Pro-
tcctor, 1: 20n; .JAY, J., To the )Iarl"h. de La
Fayette, 3: 3
7; JEFFERSON, T., To P. CaiT.
with Advice, 3: 274,-To the Countess de
Tesse, 2-5,-1'0 P.)Iazzei, 276,-1'0 DI'.Hush,
on Christianity, 277.- To (
o\'. Sullh an, on
Presidential Tours, 27R,-To T. J. Randolph,
279.-1'0 J. Adams, 2
, 21'\2, 2H4.-To Dr.
Ctley. 281,-1'0 T. Pil"kerin!!, on Dr. Chan-
ning.
"H: .TO'\E:-;, .TOll' PAGL, To the Count-
es;.: of Selkirk, 3: 3
0; LIYIXG5TON, R. R., To
John Adams, 3: ;374: LI.:cAs, ELIZA, To C.
Pinl"kney, A Love-Letter, 2: 44fi,-To Miss
Bartlett, on "Pamela," 4-!G;
IADI50N, J.,
To R. R. Gurley, on
\.friean Colonization. 3:
441,-1'0 D. Webster, on Se('c:;sion, 142;
)IOHlUS, GO{'\-Ef{
EL'R, To )Irs. Morris, f!"Om
France, 3: 4S7; )IOTLEY. J. L., Extractf' from
his Letters, 11: 377;
u-\I1, )1., To W. Dun-
lap. .Reminiscences of a Play" right, 5 : 102 ;
PE"X. W., To the Penn
yh"ania Friends, 2:
22
; PlCKEIUXG. T.. To hi-;
on. \\ ith
\thke,
4: 17; PUin, J., To :::;ir Dudley Carleton,
Gb'.J..YERAL INDEX.
from James City, Va., 1: 41; QGAKERS, THE,
To the Blood" Town of Boston, 1: 394,-
To John EIllÜcOtt,397,-"\\'. Leddra to his
Friends, 391J: QUI
CY, J., JR., To )In;. Quin-
cv on the Dutv of American
. 3: :391,-On
tb.
Feeling- of Ènglishmen, 2}J:! : R \
DOLPI!,
J., To a
('hoolboy, 4: 3a
; ROLFE, J., To S!,r
Thomas Dale, concerning Pocahontas, 1: 14;
STEPIlE"S \Y., To his Son, 2: 413; THo'\IPso
,
J., To L
dy Spots wood, arguing for her
marriage to himself, a Clergyman, 2: 310;
"" ÅHRE
, )IERc, Y, To John Adams, 3: 124-;
"\y \SHIXGTO
, G., Soldierly Letter to
is
"\\lfe,3: 147,-1'0 J. Rf'ed, after Bunker lIlli,
14S,-ToJ. Banister, from Valley Forge. 130,
-ToB. HalTison, 151,-ToJ. Cochran, 152,-
To Co!. Xicola, 152,-1'0 Bushrod 'Yashing-
ton, 153,-1'0 Lund "\Yashin
ton, on
Iatri-
mony, 154,-1'0 the )larql1ise de Lafayette,
15;),-1'0 the ::\Iarquis de Cha!'tellux,156,-
To H. Lee, 158,-1'0 Cath. )1. Graham, 139,-
To Harriot Washington, 100; "-EllSTER, D.,
To Randolph, Answerin
a Challenge, 4: 470,
-To G. Ticknor, on Byron, 470,-1'0
lrs.
PaÏ!re, on the)loruin
.4ìl,-To)Ir. Furness.
on
lavery, etc., 472,-1'0 )lrs. Paige, on
Tripe, {74,-To Pres. Fillmore, on )larsh-
field, 475,-1'0 John Taylor, on Politics and
Farming', 476; \YILLIUI":, R., To Gov. Endi-
cott, admoni<;hin
him,l: 24!J,-To )lrs. "\\11-
Iiams, 251; \YI
THIwP,J _, To Mrs. Winthrop,
from London, 1 : 30i,-from the Arbella, 30/';;
"'I"nmop, )[UWARET, To her Husband, J.
"\\ïnthrop,2 letters, 1: 310; \Vun, \Y., To
F. "\C Gilmer, with Rules for a Lawyer, 4:
3:!9.
CORSO X, IImA)I, 8: -!OIJ-ro'l.
CORWIN, Tuo:\I\:-o, 5 : :
4.-)-:350.
COTTOJS", Jous, 1: 23:3--27:!, - "\Voodhridr:-e's
Lines" Upon the Tomb of," 3ij9,-Xorton's
Life of, 361.
Cox, SnlGEL
{-LL1V\X, 8: HI7-1f19.
COXE, AHTIlUR CLEVELAXD, 7 : RGß.-3û!).
COZZEX:", FIU::;DERI<:1\. Sw.unworT, 7: 38Z-38.3.
"Craddo<:.k, Ch:;u'les Egbert" (Pseud.).-See
l[,lI"Y
,. ..l[/I,/11'cc.
CU\SCH, CHH1:STOPUERPE\RSE, 7: 221-224; 11:
361.
CR\SDALL, Crr.\RLE:S IIE'\'RY, 11 : 3f)().
Crapo, "\\"illiam Waliace, Xutul Saying, 11:
4:18.
CRAWFOlW, FUA"CIS )L\Iuox, 11 : 14R-l!J3.
"Crayon, Geoffre.\" "(P:sellll.).-
ee W: II'vÏl1f/.
CHE'-EC<EUU, J. HECTOlt Sf. JORX DE, 3: 13!:1-
146.
CRITICISM.
I.
\.HT. - AphOl"isms, Allston. 4: 431: .\.rt in
America, Ad, alltag-es of. .Ja"/'f'S, 7: 3"0: Beau-
tiful, The. and the Picturesque, /)UICJWI[j, 7 :
2'.J:!; Cathedral-Buildinr:-, C. E. XO/"l01l.8 : :
(Jtj:
Corot. Jlrs. f"(ln R(,It,
sèltler, 11: (j() : Form, in
Itaphacl and Angelo, Allstun, 4: 428; Greek
Sculpture, Perfection of, II. lJ. Hãlla('(', 7:
:i4:-!: Holbein's Dance of Death. Húorlberry,
11 : 212: Leech, .John, St/fJ:'fi,
. 9: 433; Rus-
kin, Stilt"I'ln, 8: a7!1; Talk... on Art, n".
11.
]Iul/t, 8: 1ü9; That .\I"t is Sot O\"er-Indebtell
to the
[ultitude, Whi.
tlf'/", 9: 2Ofj; What is
Art? S. G. TV. B I
ja"lilt, 9 :
l.
II. DU.uI\ T1I'. - ., .-\nt(1/l ,- and Cleopatra."
H7ntl'I', 9: a:;o; Dramatic .\rt, The, &udll'in,
7: 315; Hamlet. On the )Iwlness of, J
r-
planck,5: I1a; In iug-'s )Iephi"tolJheles, Win-
tet", 9: 34
; J etIerbou's Hip 'au Wiub.le,
619
'Winter, 9: 3.:')2: Kean's Acting, R. ll. Dana,
5 : 132 ; Press, The, and the
tage, Winter, 9:
361; Rachel, Fullt'l'-Ussoli, 6 : 52ft
III. LITERAHY.- .\.belanl, His Great Hymn,
Dll1fi.l'ld, 10: 20
: .American Literature, 1'.
It: l(i[j.rJi
.
(tn
,8: 120; "AIll
ric
g}
:;!a
ure,
A Ihstor
of, ..l1. C. T!lleJ, 9. _.).} _41, Ar-
nold aud His Style, T. W. Hunt, 10: 276 ; Art
and )lorality, R. O. Ingersoll, 9: 111 ; Art,
e-
cret of, Emerson, 6: 147; Bacon-Shakespeare
Ailment, The, .Pllrl/e.
,
, 9: 70; Bjiirnson's
Xational Trilogy, IV. JI. PaYlle, l1: 273; Cal-
deron '8 Dramas, TickJ/u/", 5: 244: Colonialism
and Literature,
11. U. Tyler, 9: 25:),26.1,(; Com-
édie HUl1laine, The, Pursuits, 10: 70; Cooper,
Characteri:stics of, Lounsbury, 9: ;)7/); Dante's
Early Genius, in the Yita
UO\ a, C. E.
YoJ"-
tOIt, a : 3O!J; .. Dies lræ," The, Coles, 7: 1,so;
Double Time, Kindred C se of, by
-E!<chylus
and Shakespeare, Furness, 9 : 61; Dryden,
LUlJ'dl, 7 : 424 ; Emerson and X ewman, J[ul-
lany, 11 : 433 ; }lrst American S oyelist, The,
H. T. Tuch , rJiUl1I 7: 224; Foundation of
Style, The, Sltedd J 7: 541; Goethe, .Albre, 9 :
40; Ha\\ thorne,
athalliel, C. F. Ridwrdsoll,
11 : 34; History and IIbtorian8, Fullen, 5:
445; Hooker, The Judicious, JVhipple, 7:
394; Landor as a Clai"sic, S{'uddrJ", 9: 542;
Latter-Day Poets, Bryant. 5: 324; Literary
Leader A, A. lI. Illacit, 5: 255; "
Iargin-
alia," ItJe, 6: 46ô-!m3; 'lilton, Lowell, 7: 442;
)Iuther in flction, The,
Huttol/, 10: 218;
Sational Literature, A, LunOJi.llOi/'. 6: 301;
Need of an Original Literature, (,l"wllin[j,
5: 5; XeulogiiSIlls in \\-riting, etc., FI'wlklin,
3: 43;
ovel and the DramaJ,.The, ..llaW" /1'S, 11:
87; Ou " Pamela," LIlt'as, :c:: 44ö; Pilldar, At
the House of, Snidu-.l0: t'3; Poetic Principle,
The, POl', 6: 458; Poetry and Puritani
l1I, _11.
C. TII{U, 9: 261; Poet's Art, The, G. W: Cookl',
10: 451; PO}Jular Press, The, Bascum, 8: 371;
Prose as a
[eans of Expression, Rcttl, 6: 40-1;
Psalms, Authorship of the, IIdlprilt, 8: fll ;
Relir:-ious Buoks, Furlf'r, 7: 101 ; l{os,..etti and
Pre-Haphaeliti
m, IJt nl/elt, 9: .")(i4; Rw""ian
Sovelists, If. JV. r,'c,
ton, 10: 222; Sainte-
Bem"e, Rip{' fl, 6: 100 ; Sermon
, How Best to
Con!'truct Them, Emmons. 4: 2:3;
hadow-
Land of Poe, The ..l[t's. JJ7litll/llll, 6: 216 ;
Shakespeare, H.
,1. lIud,
oJl, 7 :
tj!l;
hake-
speare and his Plays, .Dtlia Bacon, 7: 11 i ;
Shakespeare and his t-ityle LOll'dl, 7 : 4'
7;
Shakespeare and Schiller, .1.. II. ElJCi"lt
5 :
25R ; Shakespeare's Historical Plays, H. T.
lfturis, 9: 3.':15; Shakespeare's
ame and
Auto!;raphs, JeJ1Jlanck, 5: 110: Shakespcare,
the Dramatist, R. (;. White. 8: 3; t-ihake-
spearian World, The. 1Vhippft. 7 : 3H2 :
hy-
lock's _\ppeal, _1. _llur!/aJl. 10: a-12; :'IJanish-
American Epic, A, /:i/'ea. 8: 200; Spenser,
Edmund, F..r. ('Mid, 8: 2:!3; Spiritual Elp-
meut in )lodprn Literature, The, .Jlabie. 10:
340:
pirituality a Te
t of Literature, ('o/WOIl,
8 : -lOti; Tale-Writing", Poe, 6: 4tj:
; ThaI' he-
ray's Relations to Engli
h Soeiety, ..Nwlfll, 10:
210; True Criticism, The, Fulh 1'- U,
suli, 6:
52.'); Tme Poetry, Elements of, W. ]I. HIlI'd,
9: ::114; Tlirgénietf, lI. .Jí.lI1u,
, Jr.. 10: IS.);
Y oHairc, Ril}li fl, 6: loa; Webstcr's English
Style, Whipple, 7: W,li: "When Shall We
Three :\1 eet .Ag-ain ?" l[rs. Johnson, 10: 207 ;
"\\'01"11::;\\ orth, Lou'cll, 7 : 4-10; Zola, Hazeltine,
10 : !IO.
IV. )[C:-oIC \L.-Detinition of )[usic, A, J. S.
620
GENERAL DYDEX.
Dwight, 7: 233; "Siegfrieù" at Bayreuth,
líassard, 9 : 369.
Crittenden, Thomas Leonidas, .i.Yòted Saying,
11 : 452.
('ROCKETT, DAYID, 11: 36;)-370,-H9.
('ROLY, .JAXE CrxxI:.wn.nr, 8: ;)ß..1-.3(j6.
C'RO:'BY, FREDERICK K., 11: 35.3.
CIW:,;WELL, \VILLLur, 6: 218.
Cn)WOH'I'H, J.UIE:,;, 1: 3
O-:J94.
CURTJ
, GEORGE TICICSOR, 7: 1;)8-1;)9.
CI"HTJS, (;-EORGE \Vn.LI nr, 8: 177-191.
CURWE
, SA:\II.:"EL, 3: 66-74.
CUSHJ"G, CALER, 6: 31-32.
CLSTER, ELIZABETU BACOX, 10: 208-003.
CGTLEH, ELBRIDGE .JEf'FEHSO
, 8: 522-523.
D.\BXEY, RICITAUD, 4: 501-5O'J.
DAGGETT, ROLLIN )'!ALLOIty, 11 : 3:>4--355.
D \XA, CU-\.RLES AXDER:-OOX, 7: 448-455.
D \XA, RICHARD HE";UY, 5: 128-138.
D.\
\, RrcII.\UD lIBXHY, .he, 7: 272-281.
D \
DIUDC.E, D \J'i:-olm, 11: 2ì.3-2i7.
D-\.YEXPORT, .JOIIX, 1: ;386-390.
Dn'lEs, 8\'\rrEL, 2: 447-44U.
DAVIS, JEFl""EWSOX, 6: 40H-417; 11: 453;
Grceley on the Bailing of, 7: 84.
D-\.\ IS, )L-\.RY E\'ELYX )IOOltE, 11: 342-343.
DA ns, RBBEccA H.\Hl>I:".n, 8 : 5+!-547.
DAY, IhcII \RD ED\\ IX, 11: 358.
Decatur, Stcphen,
\í.Jt((l S,lyinU, 4 : 490.
Declaration of Independence, Jf'.f-
JérsOll, 3: 2Sfj-2i'3U,-Adams'sAccount of, 204,
-.J cíIersoll 's, 26:>.
DE FOHE:,;T, Jou..; WILLLHI, 8: 277-284.
DE K \Y, ('I1\RLES, 10: 41-ì0-4tU.
DELAND,)I \HGARET, 11: 2-l3-24R.
DB
TJXn, PIIILA],;DJ;U, 8 : 420-4:
2.
.. DE,\IOCI:ACY." thc Author of, 10: 320-325.
DBXXEfT, JOIIX RICHARD, 9 : 5&l-56t;.
DEX"IE, JOSEI'll, 4: 2-11"-2:>1.
DE'\TO'\, n \" IEL, 1 : 419-426.
DBPI;W, ('II \T,-,CEY )[rTCIIELL, 9: 208-212.
DEIUn', GI;OJWE Hcm \TlO, 8: 1:>.-100.
Description. -:-;ee
.,raJ'J'afiL'e, .1Ynture,
ctc.
DE YERE, )[ \In _\TXGE, 10: 68-60.
DI.:WEY. (}BOHGE WOO 7: 4!I-l.
DEWEY, OHYILLE, 1): 303-
05.
DIARIES, JOURNALS, ETC.-
ADA""';, J., Val"ious Entl"ic:<, 3: IsIi-1!1!j;
Au.uls, J. Q., Notes from hi.- Diary, 4: 220-
234; Cnn"Ex, S., Jonrnal of an _\TU('rÏt'an
Rcfu
ee, 3: GG: K:o.H;Hl',
.. K.," The.Tournals
of )Iatlam Knivht," 2: 24
;
IOHl{\S,lì., .Jonr-
nal ill Fram'è,3: 4
fi, 4S!I; Qnxn", J., JR.,
.Journal in EIH.("land, 3: 200, 2H-l: 8EWALL, 8.,
How he Courted )Iadam Winthrop, 2 : W:3:
f:.'\IITH, ABWAIL A., In Pari" and London, 4:
1UfJ-203; TIUCIIEH, J., :Militat.,v Journal of
the Hevolution, 4: 39.-See, also, Ei(lg/"aplty.
DIOUXSO...., AX....A Buz \BETH, 10: 151-156.
DIC'KIXSOX, ('HARLE:'; )Io'\uoE, 10: 12H.
DIC"I:-I80
, .JoII:-I, 3: l'ì5-1
O; 11: 447.
DH'KI"SON, .JOXATlJ.\
, 2: 218-2'27.
DI"S
TOOH, HOBERT, 4: 1
.,}-lB7.
Diplomacy.-Spe DiarÙ-.o; and P()lif,:rs.
Discovery, Exploration, etc.-See
IIi.o;tor?/ and .i.YarratÜ'e.
DIX, .JOll:-l AD.-\.'\rs, 5: 477-478: 7: H
3.
DO.\.XE, (
EOlWE \\>. ASIII;o..(.TO:"., 5 : 481-
2.
DOI>I>, AN"A HmnT..\.N, 10: :)s2-51-ì6.
DODGE,
I.\RY B.\nKER, 8: 50ß-507.
DODGE,
fARY MAPL:-', 9: 574-578.
DORG.\.X, JOllX .d.YUIBI:. 9: 4:n-4B:.3.
DORR, .TeLL\ CAROLIKE RIPLEY, 8: 246-247.
" Douglas. )!al"ian" (Pseud.).-See Annie D,
R(}hi7i,
on.
DOrGLA8, STEPIIE
.d.RXOLD, 7: 198-200.
Don.L-\.t-8, FREDEHICK, 7: 358-359.
DOWXIXG, AXDUE\-\ JACK80X, 7: 2U2-2!)4.
"Downing, .Major .Jaek" (Pseud.).-See Seba
DU!Ïtlt.
DH.um, .JOSEPII ROlnuN, 5: 363-3.9,-Hal-
leek's )Ionoùy on, 222.
DRAI\:E, SAMI.:"EL GAHD:!'.EU, 5: 475-476.
DRAMA.-AGTHOR OF "ARISTOCRACY,"
" A CountI'Y Breakfast in England," 10: 325;
BAHX.\RD, C., "The County Fair," 9: 571 ;
IÜImox, "The Viking," 11: 204:; BELLow8, H.
\Y., Helation of Public Amusements tn Pub-
lic )Iorality, 7: 2-18; BOKER, " Franccsca Da
}{iminÏ." 8: 111; CAULETOX, II. (}., ")Iem-
non," 11: 1i5; COX IUD, " Aylmere; or, The
Bondman of Kcnt," 7: 54; D{-
LAP, .. The
Father of an Only ChillI," 4 : 20S,-
,. Leieester," 212,-Anccdotes of Cooke,
};),
217,-" History of the _\mel'. Theatre," 2W ;
GODf'UEY", '1'., "Thc Prince of PartIda," 2 :
4!.)(); llILLTIOUSE, 8eene from" Hadad," 1) :
185: lIowAHD, The Laws of Dramatic Con-
struction, 10: 121; HOWELLS, "The Parlor
(;ar," 9: 4U3; HUTTO
,
Iaster Bett.'. 10:
215,-The American Play, 21i; JEn"EHi'ON,
J., Hb First Assumptinn of Rip Yan Winkle,
11 : 39t;.-Dramati<' Aetion, 401; KDTIlLE, F.
A., A First Appcarance, 6: fiOI): L\Z.\HCS,
E:\I'\a, "The Dance to Death. ''10:-1
I-1; LElGll-
TOX, .. .At the Court of Kin
' B,h\ in," 9: 9-1 ;
LLOYD, "ForCongrc!'s," 11:21; 1I-\.TTIIE'\\8,
R., "Pla.'''ing a Part, "11: RO,-The Dramatiza-
tion of
O\"els, 87; XO.\ll, His Experience as
a PJaywri!:dlt, 5: 102: P \..YXE. :::;ecne from
"The Lancers," 5: 2GO,-::'l'ene frolll ,. Bru-
tus," 2ü2; 8TOXE, J.
\., "1\It'tamora," 6:
67; T.\. YLOR, B.,
l'ene from" Priw'e Deu-
kalitln," 8: 21!J; TYLER, R.. "The Con-
t.rast.," 4: U:3; \\' OOLF." Thc )Iighty Dollar,"
9: -1IS; Yoex<T, Secnes from .. Pe\l(lragon,"
10: 3ü:>.-::;ec, al:òo, (',.itif'Ì.
JII (Drall/atic).
DRAPER, _JOI
:.\ "'ILLI Dr? 7..: 12
-
9..
"
DR \l TO=". \\ lJ.U.Dr] IF"; In , 3 . _151-_6.3.
Dm::-LEH, IIE"XRY, 7 : 3ß4-:J1i6.
Dr"DLEY, THO" h-, 1 : 2HO-2!H.
DUFl'IELD,
.DrT"EL \\"IJ.Lon
nnY, 10: 20S--210.
DI"
_\XXE,AGOGSTIxEJosEPlillICI\:EY, 8: 1.35-
1;)1.
Dr"L\I', "'JI,LIUr, 4: 208-221.
Dnu\' \GE, FR \ '\(""1:-, ALE
.\ ....DT-H, 7: 2:)2-253.
Dn'CIUX('I\:, Evr.U'l' .AU/iC:-"IT:-o, 7: :HX-:3W.
DWH;IIT, JOIIX ðt.-LLlY.\X, 7: 233-
;35; 11 : 338-
''''J!J
D
:I
IJT, THEODORE. - See "The
lIúl"tfol"d
11ït.
," 3 : 426-429.
D" !GllT, TI'\TOTHY, 3: ..ffi3-4
3.
EAsT:\r \X, CHAULE
n \:\I..\GE, 7 : 2!f7-20R.
EATO";, .\UTlIUH "'EXT\\OUTH HAMILTOX, 11:
3ß1-3fi2.
Eaton, Dorman Bridgman, ..L\
oted Saying, 11:
458.
ECONOMICS.-.\.rnerienn System, De-
fencc of ('{rry, 4: 3ü:
: Bavaria, }{pdamation
of thc B
!!."!!."ars of, B. TllOlII}JSOIi (Cnullt l{UlU-
fOI'lI),3: 4H-l; Britbh Policy Opposeù tn Amer-
ican Inùustries, I.E. ('{arke. 8: 47/): C'ivil8er-
yice Examination
, Roo.w I" ll. 11: 254; Com-
munism, R. D. [Iiidll'uck, 7:
5-1; Cùp
Tight,
A Tariff Advocate on, II. C. Cany, 1): 278 ;
GENERAL INDEX.
Copyright, It!". X ature and Origin, Bnll'ka,
10: 484; Copyright, International. G. H. Put-
,.am,10: 304,-Epig-rams on, Lou'ell, 11 : 460;
Currency, The, anù Ban king- S., stem, Galla-
tin, 4: 172; Direct Taxation Expedient, J.
J.lfarshall, 4: 5 s ; Finances of the ü. States,
Hamilton, 4: 110: Free Tra(le, tJ'oodbm'!/, 1) :
196: Homestead Privilege, Our, R. J. Walker,
6: 61 ; Immig-ration, Strung, 10: 421; Land,
Best HoldiIÌg of the, F. A.. WÚlkcr, 10: 31;
Kational Debt a "Blessing,"
lIailtiltolt, Wilke-
son, et,.., 11: 455: X orth America, A Prophecy
for,
V. Ames, 2: 427
Panics, Commercial,
W. n
P//flps, 9: 601; Practical Demoeracy,
Brownson, 6: 171; Protit Sharing,.l.V. P. Gil-
man, 11: 443; Property in Land in the G.
States, Geol:qe, 10: 28; Protectionist Theory,
Examination of, Jv. G. Sumne;', 10: 48;
Socialism, T. Ð. JVoulsey, 6 : 59; Social Re-
form, GI'eeleJ/, 7: 91; Tariff, Some
\speet80f
the, Godkin, 8: 531; Tariff, the Proper Source
of Revenue, 0, EllsUXYi"th, 3 : 33-!; Taxation,
The Olll and the :Kew Ideas, lVells, 8 : 376;
"Cnited :States Debt, The, Gallatin, 4: 169;
"\Vages S., stem, The,.l.V. P. Gilman, 11 : 440;
'Wants, Wells, 8: 378; Wealth, Equitable Dis-
tribution of, Hewitt, 8 : 77; Wealth, The Way
to, Fmnklin, 3 : 170. See, also, Fiction (Shinn,
Bellamy, etc.), and H. S. Le,qaré.
EDUCATION.-Christian College, The,
RJrter, 7 : 105 ; Greek, Defence of the Study
of, Lowell, 7: 443; Harvard College, Found-
ing of, E. Ji"m,
oil, 1 : 323: Ban ard, Remi-
nisccnces of,R abody, 7: 112: Indians Taught
by Eliot, J. Winthrup, 1: 3OO,-ihiù, J. Eliot,
332: Indian Youth, Learned, Gookin, 1 : 439 ;
Xegro.Educationof the, G. Jr. nilliam,
, 10:
491; Puritan Schoolmaster, A, J. Winthrop, 1:
294: Roall to a Uberal Education, The, C. F.
Ad{lI1L.
, Jr., 9: 236: "'oman's Education in
the Last Century, X. lreb.ster, 4 : 148.
EDWARD
, II \1m\"" STILI,WELL, 11 : 136-141.
EUWARD":, JO
_\.fIl-\.
, 2: 378--Hl.
EGA
, )1 \URICE FHA ...n,.:. 11 : 6:J-ß.!.
EOGLE:nux, ED"'" \1m, 9 : 314-fi27.
EOGJ.E:>TOX, (,I:OltOE l' un. 10: 22-27.
ELIOT, CU.\RLES "YILLIul, 9: 1t!:!-lS().
ELIOT, JOIIX, 1: 3:J:3-3-!3,-and see .BíIY Psalm
Book, 211.
ELLIOTT, :\[ArD Ho\\ E, 11 : 201-20-1.
ELLSWORTH, ERA
TLS WOLCOTT, 8: 72-76.
ELLSWORTII, 01.1\ Ell. 3: 3.34-3:37.
Emancipation, Proclamation of,
Lincoln, 6 : 4"
.
E'IEH:;m., R..-\.LPII "\VALDO, 6: 128-16(j,-AI-
('ott's Sonnet on, 20,-.\8 a Rhapsodist, 21 ;
1I01mc!'.'s Tribute to, 7: 33; Cabot's :Memoir
of, 8 : 21.
E'I:\IOX":,
\TIIA
AEL, 4: 22-24.
EXGLI:;U, Tuo'IAS DL
, 7 : 40:>-400.
EPITHETS. POPULAR, given to
certain Amel"Îcans, 11 : 4(i2.
ESSAYS AND STUDIES.-Adyice
to ""omen, Ganliller, 4: 204; .\frican
Preachel'!', .J.J1. L. Putnam, 7: 4ft; Altruistic
Fait.h, R".
e E. Cleveland, 1): 35i; _\mt'ril'!Ul
Pos::,ibilitics, Jrarue1", 8: 456: Ameril"an,
The, Crf"'llPcQ>ur, 3: H2; .-\ uthorl'. liTiefs
of, Ralph, 2: 423; Beanty, E/(ler,
oll, 6: 1:32 ;
Beaut, ,The Sel'Ol1<lan- anll In ferior Kind, J.
Edwai'ds. 2 : -t07 ; Houks allIl Re;uliug-. Emer-
liOIl, 6: 141; Business, G. Þ: .Pm'SUlII3, 10: 71;
6
1
Civilization and the Duration of Life, C. T.
Le'wi,
, 9 : 158; College Training, A, Gilman,
8: 5:!O: Cou!'in Susan's Cupboard, H. L. V.
Bates, 11 : 2:18 ; Death a!'. Foe, and as Friend,
.JI. D. CO'/lway, 9: 40; Deliberative Oratory,
J. Q. Adam,;, 4: 2:-J6: Delphil" Orade, The,
Lawton, 11: 114: De Ql1iul'ey,The Childhood
of, Alden, 9: 3ml: Dialogue with the (iout,
FIYl7Iklin, 3: 2!:1: Difference in Kind, A, ,Jlc-
Cord, 6: 511: Dh orl'e, UI'oly, 8 : 56-t ; D0n
Quixote, the Ideal of Knig-htho()(l, Glle,
, 6:
417: Ephemel'a,The, Fl"allklill, 3: 26; E,"enin
on Follansbee, Jr. c. I'd/llf', 8: :":06; Farmer's
Future, The, Greelly, 7: Sf!; Fate, Eme1".soll,
6: 158; Fortune of the Repuhlic, EmersulI,
6: 154; French woman, The, W. C. Bruwllell, 11:
43; Genius and Labor, J. H. BrQwile,9 : U() ;
Genius, Hebraic View of, L ....11. Hïse, 7 : 40
;
Historians, )Iethod Commended to, .Â.. D.
n7lite, 8: 5î7; I1onor, .Â.. ....1fatltews, 7 : 540;
Hours of Sleep antlHours of ::;tudy, S.08!Jood,
7: 172; Humor, HéiRS, 7: 37
; Internatiollal ·
Law and Christianity, Xe/It, 4: 185; tJ e\\ Ï::;h
Resen"e, Gottlteil, 8: 348; Landscape, with
Figures, .Kadal, 10: 213; Liberty and Elo-
quence, J. Q. .Adams, 4: 235; Life Immortal,
Swing, 8: 4ü6; Literary Fame, E. '1.'. Chan-
1ling, 5: 2:!3; Literature as a Vocation, Greeley,
7: 94; London Cabby, The, Manlton, 9: 250;
Love, Emerson, 6: 145; :\Ianners, EUIÆi".
o/(, 6:
153; :\Iarriage and Dh-orce, Greeley, 7: 9:3;
)[arriage is Companionship, J. H. Bl"Owue, 9 :
114; 1[editations Divine and )[oral, Brad-
strect, 1: 313;
[en and ""omen, Fulln-Ossuli,
6: 5:!0: .Men and "\Yomen at Home, BltilCe, 8:
400; :\Ioney and the Snob, T. S. Pel'j'y, 10 :
308; X ature, Eme1".
on, 6: 129, 130 :
e\\ Eng-
lanù Fathers, The, L. BeI'cher, 4: 348; Kews-
paper Reading, 11. T. T/tdæruwil, 7: 227;:X 011-
Conformit
, Greeley, 7: 80; Oùd Stieks, and
Certain Reflef'tiolls.Aldricll. 9: 391; Of Books
and Berries, Ð. G. Jlitcllell. 8: 3U: Old Huu:sc
in Boston, An, E. (),lliIlCY, 6: 3öU; Old Salem
Shop, An. H. L. r. E ttt.
, 11: 2
(;: Old Yir-
g-inia Preacher, An, Jrir/, 4: 314; On a Certain
COI1llescension in t'Ol"eigners, Lowdl, 7: 4:'0;
On Being Born A wa,' from Home, Cuan, 10:
104; Ol'èharù, The,
:l. n. Alcutt. 6: 17; Our
Ameriean Gentr
, C. n
Elwt, 9: It'2; Our
Civilization, H. James, 7: 100; I'oet, TIle,
Emerson, 6: 149; Poor-De,"il Author, The,
Irlling. 5 : 1;2; Portia,
11. D. CUI/way, 9: 43:
Recurrent Tellllcncv of Human Life and
Thought, Dix, 1): 477: Relledions on :\Iat-
rimon
", With, rspooll, 3: 103: Rome, The
Eternity of, H
T. ]fal"ris, 9 : 336; Scholar's
)[jsl'ion, The, H'a1"uei", 8: 44,; Self-Help, 11ul-
land. 7: 481;
ilent Allleriean Society, Ðen-
nie, 4: 248 ; Solitude of Oceupation, The, Al-
gf'r, 8: 159; "Sparks of Xature, The" (::;eleetcd
ayings)!.. H. n'. EæchCl', 7: 2If.); Superfluous
Riches,
jf(mu, 5: 44!I; Sweet Herbs, A. B.
Alcott, 6: 18; That Drop of Xervous Fluid, T.
-rv. Hi!JgiTl.
oll, 8: 122; Thoug-hts Worth
Thinking, Bm.'ee, 7 : 5
3: To the Y oun
Man
at the ))oor, /lal,;tead, 8: 440; True Gentle-
man, The, lall'erl, 6: 176: Cniversitv Ellu-
cation. Gilman, 8: ii19: "\\" aI', A boliiion of,
WOl'ce.
trj', 4: H6: "\\- ar, the True Remedy
for, JV.EJ'ltalllliu!/, 5: 11; What is Courage
W. E.. C/ollli/in!I, 1): 10: \rhbtle, The, Frauk-
lili. 3:
7: \\ïslloIll of AlleÎent Days, The,
Phillips. 7 : 60; Woman Que:stion, The, Todd,
6: i5:!; \\' oman, Traveller's Tribute to, L.tl-
622
GENERAL INDEX.
yard, 3: 422; 'W oman's )Jind, J. Stm-y, 4:
42-1. See, also, Criticism, Education, .Kature,
etc.
Evans, Augusta.-See A. E. 'Wilson.
EYA
:', NATHANIEL, 2: 501-50'2.
EYARTS, \YILLLUI }IA},. WELL. 7 : 3."i6-38ì.
EVERETT, ALEXAXDER HILL, 5: 253-25ì.
E.EUETT , DAVID, 4: 253-254.
EVERETT, EDWARD, 5: 329-339; J. Q. Adams's
Account of, 4: 231.
Father Ryan.-8ee A. J. Ryan.
F \UGEnES, }l \RGARETTA V., 4: 331.
F AUXTLElWY, VIRGIXIA PEYTON, 11: 356-357.
F A\VCETT, EDGAR, 10: 405-415.
FAY, THEODORE SEDGWICK, 6: S27-332.
}'EARIXG, LILLlEX BLAXCIIE, 11: 345-346.
FELTOX, CORNELIL'S CONWAY, 6: 344--346.
FE
NER, CORXELIL'S GEOHGE, 8 : 76-77'.
FERGVSON, ELIZABETH GRAE:\lE, 2 : 500.
FESSEXDEX, Tno'\IAs OREEX, 4: 293-2!)ì.
Fessenden, \\ïlliam Pitt, _Voted Saying, 11 : 4.55.
FESTETITS, KATE
EELY, 9: 477-4ì9.
FICTION.-ALDRICH, "The Stillwater
Tragedy," 9: 3S6-am; ALLSTOX," Monaldi,"
4: 427 ; ASTon, " Valentino," 10: 4fj5; AGS-
TIN, \\"., " Peter Rug!!, the .Missing )[an," 4:
372-393; AUTIIÛH OF" ARISTOCRACY," Patri-
cianAmenities,10: 326; AUTHOR OF "DE:\IOC-
R \Cy," Breaking in a President, 10: 320;
RAKER, " Inside: A Chronicle of Secession,"
8: 218; Rum, " J an Vedder's \\ïfe," 8: 557;
B\TES,A,,"A \Yheel of Fire," 10: 5ì3,-"The
Philistines," 5ì7; BATE::',)I. H.," The Cham-
ber Over the Gate," 10: 2!13; BAYLOR, "Be-
hind the Blue Ridge," 10: 4ì3; BELKNAP,
"The Forresters," 3: 322; BI'LL\:\IY, "Look-
ing Baekward," 10: 586; BEXEDICT, "}[y
Daughter Elinor," 9: 199; Bum" Nick of
the \\" oods," 6: 168; BISHOP, " A tittle Din-
ner," 10: 380; BOYESEX, "A Child of the
Age," 10: 4.33; BIUCKEXRIDGE, H. II., ".:\Iod-
ern Chivalry," 3: 392; BUOOI(S, )1ARI\ G.,
"Idomen," 5: 353; llUOWN, C, R," \\ïeland:
or, The Transformation," 4: 263,-" Edgar
Huntly," 2ì3; BuxxER, "Lo.e in Olù
Cloathes," 11 : 189; BURNETT, " Louisiana,"
10: 498; BY),XER, "Agne& Surria!!l'." 10:
165; CABLE, " )ladame Délicieuse," 10: 2.39 ;
CAR Y, ALICE, "Clovernook," 7: 530 ;
C\TIIEUWOOD, "The Story of Tonty," 11:
436; CAY .AZZA, "A Calahrian PeneloI1e," 11:
164; CHA
LEn,
[HS. Rn ES, "\ïrginia of
Virginia," 11: 32:-l; CUEEYER, "Deacon
Giles's Distillery," 6 : 346; CI.E:\IE
S, "The
Prince and the Pauper," 9 : 295,-" Adven-
tllres of Huckleberry }"inn," 299; COOKE, J.
E., "The Virginia Bohemians," 8: 4ìl;
COOKE, ROSE '1'.," The Deacon's \Y eek," 8:
327; Coo:\-ms, "As Common )1ortals," 11 :
2'>.A; COOPER, " The Last of the 1\Iohieans,"
5: 138, 142,-" The Pilot," 151,-" The Spy,"
161,-" The Pathfinder," 169,-" The Pion-
eers," 174, 178; CnAwFoHD," Greifenstein,"
11: 143; CURTIS, "Prue and I," 8: 182;
DA \IS, l\1Rs., "Balacchi Brother
," 8: 544 ;
DE FOHEST," Kate Beaumont," 8: '377; DE-
LA
D, "John \Vard, Preacher," 11: 243;
DE
nNG, "Tompkins," 8: 420; DOlm, "Glo-
rinda," 10: 582; EDW ARD::-, " , )[jnc ' - a
Plut," 11 : 136; EGGLESTON. E., "The Gray-
Fons," 9 : 514; ELLIOTT, "The San Rosario
Ranch," 11: 2'()1; FAY."
orUlan Leslie," 6:
32ì; FLETcuER, ")Iirage," 11: :37,-" Ves-
tigia," 31: FLI
T, "Francis Berrian," 4:
43f"i; FOSTER. "The COfluette,or the History-of
Eliza \\"harton," 4: 161: FREDERIC," Seth's
Brother's \\ïfe," 11: 200; FREXCH. "The
Bishop's Vagabond." 10: \502; (
IUXT, "The
Knave of Hearts." 11: 90: l-TI:EE),E, S. P.
McL., "Cape Cod Folks." 11 : 2ì7: (,rERX"-
SEY, "The Last \\""itch. " 9: i.H5: H \I.E. Eo E.,
"The :;\1an \\ïthout a Countrv," 8: 48: BAu-
DY, "Passe Rose." 10: 3ìl: J-Ì-\I1L \XD, ")fr.
Sonnenschein's Inheritance," 11: 2rn:1: HAR-
RIS, J. C., "rnde Remus, hi:-< Songs and
his Sayings," 10: 440: HARRI::'. 1\1. C., " A
Perfect Adonis," 9 : 188 ; HARTE, " The Out-
casts of Poker Flat," 10: 5,-" TenneF<see's
Partner," 14; HAWTIIOUNE, J., "An' hi bald
1\1almaison," 10: 347: HAWTHOR"E, X.,
"Young Goodman Brown," 6: 17ì,-" The
Searlet Letter," 188, 19'2,-" The Blithedale
Romanee," U:I7,-" The House of the Seven
Gahles," 200,-" The :;\[arble Faun," 211;
HE\RN, "Chita: A Memory of Last ll:-land,"
10: 555: HEKDERso
, "The Prelate," 11: 15;
HEHBERT, " :;\[y Shooting Box," 6 : 338; Hw-
GIXSOX, "The }1onarch of Dreams," 8: 126;
HOLLAND, "Arthur Bonnieastle," 7: 484;
HOL)-IES, "Irii'l," from" The Professor at
the Breakfast-Table," 7: 6,-" Elsie Y en-
ner," 13; HorsE, "Yone Santo," 9: 421;
HOWARD, "Guenn: A \Va.e on the Breton
Coast," 10: 392,-" The Open Door," 396:
HOWE, E. \\"., "The Story of a Country
To" n," 11: 157; HowELLs, "A Foregone
Condusion," 9: 488; IRnXG, "Rip Yan
\\ïnlde," 5: 50; JACKSOX, MRS., "Ramona."
8: 509; JA
IES, "The American," 10: 182,
- "Daisy Miller," 186, - "The Portrait
of a Lady," 191; JA"nEH, "8an Antonio
of the Gardens," 10: 534; JEWETT, ")[iss
Tempy's \\" atchers," 10: 310; J OHXSON,
"The House of the }lusÏl"ian," 10: 549;
JOIIXSTOX, "Historic Doubts of Riley
Hooo," 8: 80; JGDD, "::\[argaret." 7: 235 ;
KEEx.A
, "Trajan," 10: 545; Kr.XXEDY,
"Hor
e-Shoe Robinson," 5: 384-3
2: KI'\I-
BALL, "St. Leger." 7: 303, -" To-Da
' in
ew York," 305: IÜxG. CUARLES," )[at"ion's
Faith," 10: 2
n; KIXG. CLAHEXCE. "The
Helmet of ::\1ambrino," 10: 19ï'; KIXG. GRACE
E., "::\1onsieur l\[otte," 11: 312; KIP, L.,
"Story of a Fortune," 8: 291; KIRK, )[RS.,
" A Daughter of Eve," 10: 130: KIHKL\XD,
" Zury: the :Meanest Man in Spring Coun-
ty," 8: 491,-"The 1\1cYeys," 4!)8; LA-
THROP, G. P., "An Echo of Passion," 11 :
35; LE"LlE, "The Set of China," 5: 122 ;
LOCKE Z R. A., Great Astronomical Discov-
eries ( 'The :;\[oon Boa'\: "), 11 : 3i1: LmlG-
FELLOW, "Hypel"ion," 6: 28S.-"Kavanagh,"
301: I.orGHEAD, "The Fortune
of \Y ar,"
11: 17'9; LowELL, R. T. S., "The :Kew Priest
in Conception Bay," 11: 381: )L\TIIEW:,. C.,
"Behemoth," 7: 330:
[A \ 0, " Kaloolah."
7: 11).1;
[CCLELLAXD, "Oblivioll," 11: 2ö7
)kDowELL, "8tl\\ anee Rh er Tale..," 10:
523
}[ELnLLE, "The Bel1-Tower." 7: 4fH;
l\hTCHELL, E. P., "The Ahlest 11an in the
\Yorld." 11: ô;j: )[]TCHELL, S.. "r., "Roland
Blake," 8: 43ì; )1rRFREE (" C. E. Crad-
dock "), "The Harnt that \Yalks Chil-
hO\\ee," 11: 3: XEAL, .. Logan." ó:
fj
:
o-
BLE, "A Re.erend Idol," 10: :.n7; O'BHIE
,
" The Diamond Lelll:'." 8: 391; o '('ox "OR
"Harrington," 9: 48,-" The Carpenter,';
GENERAL INDEX.
52; PAGE, Ie
Iarse Chan," 11: 106; PAULD-
ING, Ie Koningsmarke," 4: 40'.3,-" The
Book of St.
icholas," 400,- Ie The Dutch-
man's Fireside," 41H: P()E, "The Fall of the
House of L' sher," 6: 43:3,-" The Cai'k of
Amontil1ado," 44
I; PYLE, Ie Otto of the Silver
Hand," 11: 126; Rnmnw, ".A Little Cpstart,"
11: 118; HOE, ..
ature's Serial Story," 9 :
531; HOlILF:'. Jhts. GHEEX, "Hand and Rim;,"
10: 360; Ro" sox, "Charlotte Temple,"
4: 176; SALTUS, "A )[aid of )[odern Ath-
ens," 11: 25i; S_UiDS," The )Ian \\-ho Burned
John Rogers," 5: 4:-;
: Sn'DDER, "A House
of Entertainment," 9: MH,-" As Good as
a Play," 551; SEDGWICK, "Daniel Prime,"
5: 199; SHIXX, C. lI., "The Building of
Arachne," 11: 100; SDDI
, "The Yemas-
see," 6: 2iO; SPOFFOUD," Circumstance,"
9: 273; STEPIIEXS, ::\h,s.," Mary Den\ ent,"
7: 196; STDlS0X, "
[rs. Knolh"i'," 11: 167;
STOCKTON, Ie HmlderGrange," 9: lü:'>,-" The
Lady, or the Tiger
" 1i5; :SToDD.\lm,
[RS.,
"Temple House," 8: 139; STOWE, "LncIe
Tom's Cabin," 7: 132,-The )Iinister's
Housekeeper, 145; SGLLlY\X, "Hoses of
Shadow," 10: 529; TEXXEY, " Female Quh:-
otism." 4: 174: TEIUlUXE, "Judith," 8: 487;
THO:\ipsON, "The Grecn )Iollntain Boys."
ó: 379; TlIOlU'E, "The ::\[ysteries of the
Backwoods," 7: 2"'8: TIXCKEU, "Signor
::\Ionaldini's Niece," 9: 85; TOLRGÉE, "A
Fool's Errand," 9: 5:>i; TowxsExD, G. A.,
"Tales of the Chesapeake," 10: 75; TROW-
mUDGE, "Xeighbor Jackwood," 8: 353;
TUCKER, "Thè Partisan Leader," 5 : 84-R!J;
'l'YLEU, "The Ah?:erine Capti\'e," 4: 99;
\VALLA-CE, L., "Ben-llur. A Tale of the
Christ," 8: 314; \Y \RD, l\[US. PHELPS, "The
Gates Between," 10: 244; \r AU!;, \L, "Ze-
nobia, or the Fall of Palmyra," 1) : 451-1!)f),-
" Alirelian," 456; \V AUXEU, S., "Quecchy,"
7: 360; 'VENDELL, Ie The Duchess Emilia,"
11 : 217; \\'BITE, R. G.," The Fate of )lans-
field Humphreys," 8: 13; "'lIITTIEU, "l\Iar-
f.aret Smith's Journal," 6: 3Ij:3; \rn.KINs,
'A Humhle Romance, and Othcr fl.tories,"
11:2';8; \\'ILLIA:\IS, "Boscosel," 10: 2:-3tj;
\VILSON, "Beulah," 9: 307: \YIxTHIU)l',
"J ohn Brent," 9: 3,-" Cecil Dreeme," 7,-
"Love and Skates," 13 ; WISE, "Captain
Brand of the Schooner Centipede," 7: 493;
\V OOD, ")[ol1ern Pilgrims," 6: 22; \V OOL-
SON, "The Lall\' of Little Fishing," 10:
423.-See, also, èhamcter Sketches.
FIELD, EUGENE, 10: 613-ß18.
FIELD, llE:\RY :\1 \UTY:S", 8: 26-29.
FIELD, KATE, 10: 58-62.
Field,
tephen .J ohnsoll. Xot('(l8rrying, 11: 461.
FIELDS, ANNIE ADA:\IS, 9: 181-182.
FIELDS, .J A:\IES THO:\! \S, 7 : 3O'J-3ll.
FISCH, FRA:S"CIS )hLES. 8: 341-344.
FINX, HENRl J., 4: 430-4-14.
FI:'UEH, GEORGE P \UK. 8: 344-347.
FI:;KE, JOlI:S, 10: 140-145.
FITZHUGH, GEORGE. 6: a2+-3
5.
FLAGG, WILSON, 6: 2Hi-241: 11: 350-351.
Flanaghan, \Vehster, .Nuted S'lyiu[J, 11 : 4:>1).
FLASlI, HENRY LY:\DEX, 9:
!IO.
":Fleming, George" (Pseud.).-See Julia C.
Fletcher.
FLE
lIXO, MAYBURY, 11: 125-126.
FLETCIIEIt, .1ULIA CO:\:'T.\NCE, 11: 27-33.
FLINT, TI\IOTlIY, 4: 4:<<}.-4:
".
FOLGER, PETEU. 1 : 479-4';3.
623
FOLT.EX, CHARLES TJ'lEODORE CHRISTIAX, 5:
4-!5-446.
FooTE, )IARY HALLOCK, 10: 415-420.
"Forester, Fanny" (Pseud.).-
ee Emily C.
Judsun.
"Forester, Frank" (Pseud.).-See H. n
J[er-
bert.
FOt<TER, HANNAH \YEßSTER, 4: 161-11)2.
}'O:';TER, STEPIIE'" COLLI:S"S, 8 : 2S
-291.
FRANCIS, JOlIN \VAKEFIELD, 5: 11:\'9-190.
" }'ranco, Harry" (Psend. ).-See C. F. Bj'igg!i:.
FRAXKLlN, BEN.IA
IlX, 3: 3-49; 11: 447: Ad-
ams's Estimate of, 3: H17: Weems's Life of,
4: 31,-\\' atson's Anecdotes of, 135; Big-e-
low's Defence of, 7: 345; see J. Adams's
Diary, 3: 192,-and see
7
, 291).
FREDERIC, HAROLD, 11 : 230-234.
}<'RÉ:\IONT, JOHN l'IIARLE
, 7: 186-190.
FRENCH, ALlCE, 10: 602--609.
French and Indian W ar.-See War.
FUENEAL, PHILIP, 3: 445-457.
FRISBIE, LEY!, 4: 491.
FUOTIIIXGHA:\I, KATHANIEL LANGDON, 5: 284-
21:;5.
FUOTlII:S"GlIA:\l, OCTAVIGS BROOKS, 8: 29-31.
Fuller, )[argaret.-See M. F. Osxoli.
1.'mtNESS, HORACE ROWAUD, 9 : 61-71.
G.\.LL\GIIEU! WILLlUI D.\Y!,,;, 6: 401-403.
GALL.\.TI:\, ALßEUT, 4: 169-113.
GALLOWAY, JUSEPH, 3: 126-130.
GARDEX, ALEXAXDER, 4: 132--13.'').
GARDINER, JOlIN SYLVESTER JOH'\, 4: 203-204.
GAHFIELD, J.UIES Amu),l, 8: 5
i-529; 11: 45{j,
457; Carpenter's Sonnet on, 10 : (j
.
GAmnsoN, \VENDELL PHILLIPS, 10: 44-47.
GAHRISON, \\'ILLIUI LLOYD, 6: 2:3:3-2:30: 7: 100:
11: 338,-451; Alcott's Sonnet on, 6: :31; Life
of, by his Children, 10: 44.
" Gath " (Pseud.).-8ee G..l1. Townsend.
G.\YAUUt,ClIARLES ÉTIENNE ARTIIGH, 6: 241-
252.
GEOHGE, HE:S"RY, 10: 28-30.
G I1H30NS, J \ "\IES :SLO_\
, 8 : 36
.
(;IllS0X, WILLIA:\I H HlILTO:\, 10: 598-002.
GIllDINU:;, JO:<Ill" \. REED, 1) : 339-3ßO.
GILDER, RICHAUD WATt<ON, 10: 232--239.
GILE:'I, IIENUY, 6: 417-419.
GIL:\IAN, ARTHUR, 9: 468-471.
GIL:\L\
, CAROLl:SE How \.RD. 1) : 340-344.
GIL:\lAN, DA:SIEL COlT, 8 : 51H-522.
GIL:\1 \.
, NICHOLA!' PAIXE, 11: 440-445.
GILMORE, .JA:\lE!' ROBERTS, 8: 13:3-155.
GILMORE, PATRICK SUtSFIELD, 8: 3iO.
"GI:yndon, Howard "(Pseud.).-SeeLauraR..
Seariu,q.
GODFUEY, THo:\1\!', 2: 4!r3-500.
GODhIN, ED\VIX L\.wHF.xCE, 8: 549-555.
GODWIN, PARKE, 7 : 3H;-317.
GOODALE, DORA HEAD. 11 : 332-.333.
GOODALE, EI..\INE, 11: 3
7-3:3';.
Goodloe, \\'imam Casi'ius, .i..Yoted Saying, 11:
460.
GOODIUCII, 8.on'EL (ì-m;;woLD, 5 : 2S8-
f);.
GOOKIX, ]) \NI!;L. 1 : 4B:3-44!).
GOlWON, AU"\lI..;TEAI> CIII""RCIIILL, 11 :
OO-201.
GOTTIIEIL, GUSTAV, 8: 34s..-a:;U.
GOULD, HANN \1I FLAGG. 1) : loo-Un.
Government.-See Pult:tics, Gocernment,
etc.
GUADY, HENRY \VOODFE"'. 11 : 49-5'3.
GR\NT, ROBERT, 11: OO-H:>.
Glt\NT, l'LY:-.:,ES S., 7 : 57:3-!)')O,-1!13, H4: 11 :
4:)(j: Browne's Poem on his Death, 10:
6,
-llarbau
h '8, 5
8.
624
GENERAL INDEX.
GRAY, DAVID, 9 : 439-441.
GRAYDON, ALEXAXDER, 3 : 457-462.
GREELEY, IloR\CE, 7: 78-
15,-194,-Dana's
Anah sis of, 4-!8.
GREELY, ADOLPlIL"S 'Y -\.SHDinTON, 10: 282-2%.
Green, Anna Katharine.-:::\ee A. K. G. Rohlfs.
GREr;x, JOSEI'll, 2 : 433-437.
(';REENE, AU3ERT GORTOX, 6: 120-123.
GHEL:-'E, GEOHGE 'V A
HD.(;TON, 7: 98-100.
GREE:-'E, HmlER, 11: 340-842.
GHEE!'<E, SARAH PHAT'f ':\lcLEAN, 11: 277-
:!
l.
"Greenwood, Grace" (Pseud.).-SeeSa1'ahJ.
Lippiucott.
GHEE1, EDWARD, 9: 322-326.
" Gringo, Harr) " (Pseud.).-:5ee H. A.. -rVise.
Gms\\ OLD, RUFUS 'VILUOT, 7: 2
5-288.
GrERXSEY, CLAUA :FLOUlDA, 9 : 345-348.
GUlXEY, LonsE hWGEN, 11 : 307-310.
GYLES, .TOH:o., 2 : 314-319.
HADLEY, J A:\lE
, 7 : 5ö(j-5üH.
HALE, EnWAHD EVERETT, 8: 48-60; 11: 455.
Hale,
athan,KOled /iayiJ/g, 11: 447; Ballad of,
3: 347.
HALE, SAUAll JO
EPIl..\, 5: 434-435.
HALL, JA:\IES, 5 : 274-277.
HALLECK, FITZ-(';HEE'\E, 5: 216-
25.
HALPIXE, CIIAULES GRUIUI, 8: 418-420.
HALSTEAD, :MVR \T, 8 : 440-442.
HA:\IlLTON, ALEXAXDEH, 4: 110-127; 11 : 455;
Portrayed by Ames, 4: um,-Otis's Eulogy
on, 197,-
ott's Dis<,uurE>e on his Death, 332,
- '" ebster upon, 4û4; see Washington's
Farewell Address, 3 : 162,-and see 273.
HA:\nlO
H, J A:\ILS II EXR1, 7: 38--41,-192.
HAì\DIOI\D, JOHN, 1 : 343-3.51.
HARBACGlI, THOMAS CIIAL:\IERS, 10 : 528--529.
JI.-\.HDY,
\.uTnnt SIIElwrIom, 10: 3ì1-R7S.
HAULAXD, HEXHY, 11 : 2f1H-307.
" Harland, 1larion" (Pseuù.).-lSee ...lIai'Y V.
Tallllne.
HAUXE1, WILLIA:\r 'V ALLACE, 8: 52!"J-.532.
HARI'EU, ROBEUT Goom,oE, 4 : 204-207.
HAImIs, .J OEL ('rr.Oil/Llm, 10 : 440-4;)0.
I-IAHIUS,
lnuA:\1 COLE
, 9: 188-193.
HARRIS, TUADHEl"S}1 \
OI\. 4: 247-248,
HARRIS, Wru.Lul TOHlmy, 9: 332-337.
H.\URlSON, BEXJ_UIl
, 11 : 461.
HARTE, FUANcrs BUET, 10: 3-22.
"HARTFORD '''ITS, TlIE," 3: 42'.3-429.
HAS:"ARD, JORS HosE (';nEE
E, 9: 8H9-376.
IlA WKII\S, 'YILu,,; BROOl
, 11 : 7k-SO.
HA WI{S, FRANCIS LISTER, 5 : 479-4Sl.
H,\WTnOmm, Jl-LIAX, 10: 347-356.
HAWTIIORXE,
ATrrA!\JEL, 6: 177-214,-Long-
f
llow's r nem
u, 31.5; Richardson's criti-
CIsm on, 1: 5.t-(j().
HAY, Jon:-., 9: .590-5!16; 11 :403-410.
"Hayes, Henry" (Pseud.).-See Ellen n
O.
Kirk.
I1A YES, ISAAC ISRAEL. 8 : .575-576,
HAYE,,;, RGTIIERFORD BmcliAlw, 11 : 456,
HAYNE, PAl""L HA:\IlLTO
, 8: 4Gl-4GIi.
HAYNE, Rül3EUT YOl:NG, 4: 444-450; and see
5:36.
HAZELTISE, :\IA YO 'Vn.LI.nrsos, 10: 90-96.
HEADLEY, JOEL TYLER. 7: 228-231.
I1EAHN, LAFCADlO, 10: :;;->4-51i2.
"lledbrooke, Anùrew" (Pseud.).-See E. R.
Sill.
HEDGE, FREDERIC HEXHY, 6: 231-284.
IILlLPRIiN, MICnAEL, 8 = 91-93.
HELPER, HII\TOI\ Ro\\ AN, 8: 411-415.
HEXDEHSON, I:"AAc, 11: 15-21.
.J
11
, I
HE:IIRY, PATIUCK, 3: 214-218; 11: 447; Wirt's
Life of, 4: 317-32;).
HERBERT, HEI\RY WILLLUI, 6: 337-343.
"Hermes, Paul" (Pseud.).-8ee 1V. R. Thayer.
HEWITT, ABUA
I STEVEXS, 8: 7'i-80; 11: 458-
460.
HIGGINSON, FIt-\.I\CI::O:, 1: 140-146; 11: 446;
Capt.. Johnson's Lines Cpon, 1: 324.
" H. H. " (Pseud. ).-
ee Helen Þ: Jacksun.
HWGINSON, JORX, 11: 44t;.
HWGIXSON, THO:\IAS "r EN rWORTH, 8: 120-136;
11 : 457.
HILDRETH, CHARLES LOTIN, 11: 234-
6.
HILDRETH, RICHAIW, 6: 32ß-327.
HILL, ADA:\r:" SUEIDIAX, 9 : 229-232.
HILL, GEORGE, 5 : 4-1.8-449-
HILL, Tno:\IAs, 7 : 370-371.
HILLAHll, GEOHGE STILL::\rAN, 6: 395-400.
HILLIIOLSE, JUlES AI3RAR.UI, 5 : 11';5-189.
HIX:;DALE, BLRKE AARON, 9 : 528-531.
HISTORY.-ABBOTT, "The History of
apoleon Bonaparte," 6 :2
4; AnA:\ls, C. F.,
Citizen Genest and Neutrality ,6: 351; ADAMS,
HAI\NAH," A 8ummary History of New Eng-
land," 4: 65-67; ÂDUIS, HEXRY, "History
of the U. S. A." (Jefferson's Administra-
tions), 11: 418-424,-Jefferson, 418,-The
Ameriean of 1800, 420: AL:;OP, " A Character
of the Province of
Iary-Land," 1: 403--410,-
Virtues of the ::\Iarylallllers, 403,-Indian
Customs, etc., 405; ANONYMOeS, How the
English Settled in ::\Taryland, 1: 44; BACON,
AT., His Declaration ag'ainst Sir \\-. Berke-
ley, 1: 448: BACON'S REBELLION, Accounts
of, from the Burwell and Aspinwall Papers,I:
448-478; BACOX, L., The Puritans, 6: 88;
BAntu," Historyof the Riseofthe Huguenots
of I,'rance," 9: 19--2:3; B.\
CHOFT, (ìEORGE,
"History of the U. S. of A., frum the Dis-
covery of the Cuntinent," 6: 3-17,-Liberty
Enli
htening the 'Yorld, 3,-The Acadian
EIiles. 7,-(';eorge the Third, 9,-TheBattle
of Le},.ington, 1O,-Fort )loultrie, 13,-
Europe and America at the Time of \Yash-
ing:ton's Inauguration, 15; BAI\CROFT,H. H.,
"Hist. of the Pacific States of No. Amel"Ïca,"
9 : 27-40,-How they Founù the PaciticHold,
27,-Argonaut Life and Character, 32 j BEN-
TON, "ThirtyYear
' Yiew," 5: 27-36: BEL-
KXAP," The Hi I:'toJ"Yof Sew Hampshire," 3:
313-:-l21,- TheSie
eof Louisbonrg,313.- The
Warin
ew Hampshil'e, ;'n9; BERKELEY,:5m
"'., Declaration against Xat. Bacon, 1 : 445;
and see 448-478, }Jus,
itll.. BE\-ERL\r, "The
History and Present State of 'ïrdnia," 2 :
2ß5-272,- The Royalist Governor
icholson,
265: BLAIXE, Presillent Johnson anù l{econ-
E>truction, 8: 458; BOOTll,::\l, L, New Yurk at
the Beginning of the ". aI', 8 : 547 : BRACKEN-
IUDI;E, H, .:\1., "History uf the Late \\' ar be-
tween the U. S. an(l Great Britain. 5: 106-
nl,-The CO/l.
titlttion and the Guariere,
106,-Battle of the Thames, 108; BUAD-
FOUD, His .. Dialo
ue," 1: 93,- Recullections
of Puritan :Strictness,93,-" History of Plym-
outh Plantation," 95-11.5,-How the Cul-
onywas troubled with a II,\ pocrite, 98,-The
Pestilent :\Iorton and his ::\ferJ"Y :\Iount, 107,
-Life and Death of Elder Brewster, 111;
Bu \DFORD':-, A "H 'Vr;S,.LOW'S JorRNAL, Ex-
cursion up ('ape Cod, 1: 116,-Story of the
First Encounter, l:W,-Lamling of the Pil-
grims, etc., 124; IhFlt.:LJ>, .,
\n Account of
.
GENERAL I.1.YDEX.
the Late Revolution in Xe,,-Eng-Iand," 2:
72; B \ RD, The First Survey in the Dis-
mal Swamp, 2 : 30'3: CU(;RCH." Entertain-
ing Passages Relating- to King Philip's
Wãr." 2 : 63-;1; ('L-\.P, Snff('ring-
of the
Puritans, 1: 496,-Boston Castle. -1W
.-The
Quakers, etc.. -199; COLDE:\", " The History
of the Fi.e Indian Xations, 2: 330; C(;D-
"WORTH, Persecution of the Quakers, 1 : 390 ;
D -\. n5, J., "The Hise and Fall of the Confed.
Government," 6: 409-41ì,-Illaugural at
}Iontgomery, 412,-His Statement, 416;
DE:\"Tos, Xew York in the Seventeenth Cen-
tury, 1: 419; DR\KE.
. G.. Origin of the
Boston Lecture. 1) : 47;) ; DR \PER. "History
ofthe Intellectual De\"elopmellt of Europe,"
7: 1
1; ELIOT, .J., A Scanùal in the Indian
Israel, 1: 33U; }'ELTO:\", "(rl'eece, Ancient
and
lodern," 6 : 3+!; GAT \RRÉ, " History
of Louisiana," 6: 2-U-2!9,-Father Davion,
2!1,-Tree of the Dead, W,-Battle of .xew
Orleans, 246; GIL:\lAX, _\., " Haroun al Ras-
chid," 9 : 468 ; UOOKIS, " Historical Collec-
tions of the Indians in .x ew England," 1: 433-
4!5,-Conjectures of the Sa,-ag-e, 433,-Di-
plomacy in Boston, 43(.>,-Learned Indian
Y outh, 4
9, - Praying Savages of X atick, 4-U,
- \\" annalancet's Canoe, 4-!
,- The Quakers
at
Iartha's \ïneyanl, 44-!; fhu.. "The
Romance on\" estern History," :> : 2.4; H DI-
IO""D, "Leah allli Rachel, or the Two Fruit-
full Sisters, Virginia and
lary-lalH1." 1:
343-351,-The Virtuous \""irg"inians, 343,-
\.
Story of Colonial In
ratitude. 347 ; II nVK
,
"History of Korth Carolina," :> : 4.9; IIw-
GI"50S, F., On a Voyage to the
Iassachu-
!'etts, 1: 14U,-"Xew-Englanù's Plantation,"
H2-146,-Commo(lities of Xew-Ellgland,
142,-.\ Setting-Forth of Db:commoùities,
146; HILDRF.TIr, "JIist, of the lJ. S. of
Ameriea," 6: 3Z6; Ih:s
n..\LE, ,. The Old
orthwest," 9 :;)
-;: HOL:\IE
, A., "The An-
nals of America" (Siege of
Ie"ico). 4: 182;
II (;BB.-\.IW, Captain
liles Standish. His Tem-
r.er (" Hi:"tory of X ew En!!land "), 2: 25.-
, A
armtive of the Troubles with the Imli-
ans in
ew-Endaml," 26
32,-Taking of the
arra!!ansett Fort, :W,-The Friendly Indi-
ans. 3O.-An Indian under Torture, 31;
H('TCIIISSOS, T., "The lli;;tory of
Ia!';;a-
chusetts," 3 :
.-The Regicide" in Xew
England. fiC,-Religious ('ustoms there, 7>4,
-Governor Burnet, 57,- Tragedy of Acadia,
5H.-The Revolutionary Lea(lers, 61;IR\"I:\G,
" The Life and V oya
es of Christopher Col-
umhus" (The Discovery of America). :> : 6G;
JEFFER
OX. 'I.. E\'ents in
\lIlerica and
France.3: 2();)-272;JOllxsOS,CAPT. ED\\" ARD,
"\Vomler-working Providence of Sion's
Saviour in X ew England," 1: 316-3.32,-
Leave-Taking at Southampton. 316,-Cour-
age of the
fothers in Israel. :n
,-Escapeof
Shepard and Norton, 320,-How Da.venport
:::;aveda::;olclier, 321,-.\n,;;werto Pra
er. 3
J,
-First Promotion of Learuin
in Xe\\" Eng-
land, 32:>,-The "-ages of Discontent, 327 ;
,JoIl:\"
OS. R., " .\
hort History of the \Var
of ::;eeession," 10 :41; JOSES, C. C. \ ,JR., "The
HistOl'Y of Georgia" (John \'esley in
Georgia), 8 :591 ; JO:\"ES, T.," JIi8toryof Xew
York," 3: 130-13S,-Pre,.;i(lent Cooper's
Flight, 130,-Winter of 177t
. 131,-ßritish
Protection of the I.oyali"ts.l:i:3,-8ir \\""illiam
Johnson, 137; KIRK, "History of Charl('s the
YOLo XI.-40
625
BoM." 8: 1 72 ; L -\ "So...., ,T., "The History of
Carolina," 2 : 2.-l--2ìì,-Revels of the Caro-
lina lndian
, 2.4,-" Husquena\\ ing." 2.6;
LE -\.. .. A History of the Inqnisition of tht'
Iilldle Ages," 8 : 239-245,-A
piritual Des-
potism, 23U,-Civil Law and the Inquisition,
W; LEE, H., ")femoirs of the \Var in the
Southern Department of the L .S.." 4: 7;'>-
8;
LIYl
G:;To"", W,I., .. _\. Review of the )Iili-
tary Operations in .x ort h America," 2 : 452-
462,-Career of a Colonial Dietator, 452.-
Braddock's Defeat, 4;j9; )I.\so:\",
IA.J. JOIlS,
"A BI'ief History of the Pequot "'aI'," 1:
180-189,-Taking of the Fort at )Iystic, 1"0,
-Bloody Han"e"t of Pa\\"catuck, 185,-Re-
membrance of Special Proviùences, 188;
JtI \TIIER, C., " )Iag-nalia Christi Americana"
(How Capt. Phip:-. became a KnÏ!{ht of the
(
olden Fleece), 2: 143; 1\1 \TIlER. R., A.
Chronide of Willll and \\"ave, 1: lì1; )Ic
L-\.s-
TEH, ,. A History of the People of the C_
S.," 11: 72,77;
h
OT, "Shays's Rebel-
lion," 4: 151; 'IOltTOS, X., "Xew En/;-
1's
femorial." 1 : 413-!19,-The :::;epara-
ti of Rog-er \\ïlliams, 41
.-::::'tory of Sam-
ue. ùorton, 415; .MORTO,,", 'I., "Xew English
Canaan," 1: H7-156,-Pul1ctilio of the :::\av-
age, 147,-Of a \ïsion and a Battle, 148,-
The Revels at
Ierry
Iount, 141:1,- Valiant
Expedition of Capt. Shrimp, otherwise
JtIiles Standish, 151,-How the Separatists
paid Debts, etc., 154;
fOTLE\, His Project
for a Great History, 7: 253.-" The Ri;;e of
the Duteh Hepuhlic," 2f).,>-
(j8.-Charles aUli
Philip, 2ð5,-Fallof .\ntwerp, ;!;)ß,-WiIliam
the
ilent, 261 ; XICOL.H AXD HAY, "Abra-
ham Lincoln: A History," 11: 4m; Xn.E:oI,
8., " A Summan" Historical X armtive of the
\\-ars in Xew-Èng:land," 2: 464--475; P..u.-
FREY, "A Compendious History of Xew
Eng-Iand ., (The Great A wakening), 1) : 43û;
P ARK'I \.
. " Pioneers of }'rance in the X ew
\\"orId," 8: !).j.-1Ü"2,-Xew England and :Kcw
France, !:J5.-Vengeance of Dominique Dc
Gourgues, 97,-" The Old Régime in Can-
ada" (The Coureurs-de-Bois), 102,-"
lont-
calm and \V olfe" (The Heights of Abraham),
104: PESHALLOW," The History of the \Val's
of
ew-Englanll with the Eastern IIHlians,"
2: 28.; PERCY, EXl'eriencps of a Yiq!Înia Col-
ony. 1: 3:3 ; PETERS, S.." \ (rcncral History
of Connecticut," 3: 201;-214.- The Fl"Ogs of
\\Ïmlham, 200,-Storics of Connecticut
Towns, 207; PlCKERI"G, The Directory awl
the U. 8.,4: 18; PORl", How thp Colonists
went into Indian Society. 1 : 4:3: PUE
(,OTT,
" History of the Conquest of
fe"ico," 1) :
300-419,-Thc Goldcn
\g(' of Tezcllco, 39!"I,
-Xoche Tristc, 411.-" Ili;;tory of the Con-
que;::t of Peru," 419-422,-.\ Banquct. of the
Dea!!, 419.-The Conquistadore
, 421,-
" Hi;;tory ofthe l{eig-n of Philip the Second,
King of Spain," 42'
28.-Exeeution of Et;-
mont and Hoorne, 4
2; Qt" \KER
, THE, Pe-
tition \\ ith X arrati \'e of Persecutions. 1:
401 ; RA '1,.;,\ Y, "The History of the Am. Rev-
olution." 3: 39S--40:l; Rmp\TH, "A Popu-
lar Histnry of the C. S.," 10 : :-l,q; RIPLEY,
" The War with
fcxico," 11 ::i9-l : SCIIOOL-
CHAI-'T, Leg-end;; of the XOI'th.\ merican In-
<Hans, 1) : 2-"1 ; 8n}(WLEH. "Hi,.,torv of the
C. 8. .\. umler the Con"titutiou," 11 : 424;
SCOTTO\\'. ..
\. X arrath c of the Plantilw
of the )fa"o;. Colon)," 2 :
2; ::5UE \, "Th
626
G El{ERAL INDEX.
First Epic of Our Country," 8 : 200; S:\IITH,
CAPT. J., "A True Relation" (Ad,"enture on
the Chickahominy), 1: 3,-" A Deseription
of New En,g-lanù," 7,-" Generall HiF-torie of
Virginia, etc." (Romance of Pocahontas)
10; 8:\IlTII, "The Historv of the Provinc
of New-York," 2: 47
89,-The Rule of
Jacob Leisler, and his Fate, 47R,-)Ianners
and Cu
toms of Colonial )i ew York 484-
An Anti-Semitic Excitl"IlU'nt, 487' S'P.\.R
8,
Indian Policy in 1 ili3, 5: 191,-
I
n of the
Revolution, 194 ; STILES, " History of Three
of the Judges of King Charles I.:" 3: 118;
STITH, "The First Dbcovery and Settlement
?! Virginia, "
: 33.')-3"11; STOXE, W. L., Ci\"-
111zed Barbarity to the Indians, 5: 264;
SnIMEs, Lovewell's Fight at Pigwacket,2:
290; THACIIEU, J., "\IiIitary Journal of the
Revolutionary 'Y ar." 4 : 30-46; TIIO:\IAS, G.,
"Account of the Prm"ince and County of
Pensilvania," 2: 21O,-George Keith and his
Sect, 217; TICKXOR, G., " Histon" of Spanish
Literature," 5: 240, 2-14: TRL'"'\IÌH!LL, J. H.,
Origin of }I' .Fingal, 7: 571; TYLElt, )L C.,
"A Hist. of Amer. Literature," 9: 2.')5--271 ;
Uro\DERlIILL, Of the Advice of )Iistress ('"n-
derhill, 1: 175,-Enù of a )Iajestical Em-
bassy, 176; 'V ARUE
, )IERCY, "Historyofthe
American Revolution," 3: 123; ""TIEATO:S,
"Historyofthe Northmen," 5: 97; ""HEELER,
The Siege of Brookfielll. 1 : 4
; "'lIIT AKER,
An Infant Colony, 1 : ati; 'rILI.IAl\I
, G. 'V.,
" Hist. of the
cgro Raec in America from
1619 to 1880," 10 :
4
8-492 ; \\-IXbLOW, How
the Pilg-rims 8ailed from Delft Haven, 1 : 130,
-Massasoit's lIlnehs, etc., 133; 'nX
OR,
"N arrative and Critieal History of America,"
8: 597; 'n
TllUOI', J., "The Hist. of.x ew Eng-
land from W30tol649," 1:291-301,-A
ight
in the Forest, 291,-Heconciliation of W'in-
throp and Dudley, 2H:3,-How the Fathers
disciplined Gov. Vane, ib., - A Puritan
Schoolma<;ter,294,-Penitence of Capt. un-
derhill,
!:I7,-A Puritan Upinion of Literary
,romen, 2H9,-A Punishment of Parental
Love, ib..-)Ianner of Eliot's Teaching, 300;
"'OOD, \V., "New-England's Prospect," 1 :
lfi6-165,-Ahoriginal Cookery, 156,-Wood-
land Adventures, 158,-Aneedotesof the:Na-
ti\'es, loo,-Meek 'Vives of the
ew\\"orld,
1()2; YONGE, An Early Rebellion in So. Caro-
lina, 2: 277.-See, also, Biogmphy, Corre,pond-
ence, Nárrath.e, Noted Sa!lÏ1I!}.
, Politics, Slav-
ery, nal',
Vitchcraft, amI TVoJltlel's.
HITCHCOCK, EDWARD, 5: 286-287.
HITCHCOCK, ROSWELL DWWHT, 7: 354-355.
HOBART, JOHN HENRY, 4: 3.')3-35.').
HOFFMAN, CHARLES FEN
W, 6 : 279-281.
HOLLAro\D, JOSIAIl GILHEltT, 7: 479-4
U.
HOLLEY, MARIETTA, 10: 278-2
2.
"Holm, Saxe" (Pseud.).-See Helen F. Jack-
son.
HOLMES, AmEL, 4: 179-184.
Holmes, Margret.-See.JI. IL Bates.
HODIES, OLIVER 'VENDELL, 7 : 3-37,-193; 11:
460.
HOLYOKE, EDWARD, 1: 351-3.59.
HONEYWOOD, ST. JOIlN, 4: 195-196.
HOOKE, WILLIAM 1: 202--211.
Hooker, Joseph, NotedSaYÍ1lg, 11: 454.
HOOKER, TnoMAs, 1 : 1:-;9-20'2.
HOOPER, JOIlN:'ON J., 7; 200-2'".1.3.
IIOPKIXS, LE:\-ICEL, 3: 413-415,-and see" The
Harifm'd Wit8," 42:3-!2U.
HOPKIro\S. 1IARK, 6 : S1"r8i.
HOPKIXS, 8.UII-EL, 3: 1'6-90.
IlOI'IUXSOX, FRA
('JS, 3: 236-251.
HOPKIX!'oOX, JOSEPH, 4: 259-2ßO.
HOl"r.HTOX. C;EORGE \\TASHINGTON \\?RIGHT
10 : 5G2-563. '
HorsE, EDWARD HOWARD. 9: 421-431.
" Howadji " (Pseud. ).-See G. TV. Curtis.
HO\\ ARD, BLAXCIlE ""ILLI:-', 10 : 392-404.
HOWARD. BROXSON, 10: 121-127.
HOWARTH, EI.I.E:S CLE)IENTINli:, 11 : 340.
HOWE, EDGAR '" AT::,OX, 11 : 157-16:3.
HOWE, JULIA '" ARD, 7: 4:-;
1-493.
Howe, }Iaud.-See
lL H. Elliott.
HOWELL, ELIZABETH LLOYD, 6: 508-509.
HOWELLS, 'VILLLUI DEAN , 9: 479-505' 11.
4 _- , .
:)1-
HOYT, R\LPII, 6: 333-336.
H L'"BB \.RD, "" II.LlAl\J, 2 : 25-32.
Hrn:--ox, HENIn"
OlDIAX, 7: 2ß9-2'iO.
HL'"D:-'OIlo, )IARY CLE:\J:\IER, 9: 609-610.
HUGllE,,;, JOHN, 5: 474-475.
HUMOR.-Antony the Trumpeter, Ir-
ving, 5 : 4.5 : Artem us "" ard' s Letters,Browne
9.: 161-162; Benedick, the l\Iarrielll\lan. HoP-
klllson,3: 2-H: Borrowing in a
e\\ 8ettle-
ment, Kirkland, 6: 53; Cliiïg-ing 'ïne Theorv
The,
[oll{'y, 10: 2;:'8; EngliF-hman's Typicãi
AmerIcan, The, n hile, 8: 13; Frivolities of
Fashion, The, N. n"anl, 1: 276; Frog Catcher
T
e]Finn. 4: 4:.iH; Hezekiah !3e!1ott's Opinion:
nll/teha, 7:
16; J aek Downmg's Letters, Stba
Smith,5 : 270-'373; Josh Billin,g-i"'s Advertise-
ment, Shaw, 7: 385; Jud. Brownin's Ac-
<.>
nt of
ubenstein's Playing. Bagby, 8:
3t'5; Jumpul!!Frog, The,Clernens,9: 2HO;Last
Straw, The, Pool, 10: 313; Latter-DavFables
Lanigan, 10: 337; Lime-Kiln Cluh 'proceeJ
ings of the, Lewis, 10 : lüO; :Mis8 !tÌalony on
tl}e Chinese Question, .Dodge, 9: 575; )Ir.
asby finds a
ew Business,- LOf;es his POl't-
Office, Locke, 9: 103, 105; )Ir. Sparrowgrass's
C'ountry Pleasures, Cozzens, 7: 3
2: )lrs. Par-
tington's Opinions, Shillaber, 7 : 270: Musical
Heview Extraordinary, .Derby, 8 : 157: New
msterdam and its Army, Irvi11g, 5: 47;
ew Livery, The, Curtis, 8; 177; Old War-
Horse to a Y OUI1
Politician, An, .JleEll"OY
10: 172; Orpheus C. KelT Papers, The, J..Yéu'ell:
9: 416; Parody on Riving-ton's Petition
'Wi
herspoon, 3: 100; Peter Funk's Rcvenge:
Br/g(IS, 6: 21
; Peter the Headstrong, Irving,
5 : 4:{ ; Prentlceana, Prentice. 6 : 113: Propo-
sal of Marriage, A, Thompson, 7: 17'4 ; Roland
for an Oliver, A, Carter, 7: 498: Singing
" China," .Jfansfield, 7 : 2!)() ; Social Phono-
grams: An Evening-Out; A Bad Cough, Welch,
10: 518, 520 ; Sprowle Party, The, Holmes. 7:
13; St. Tammany, History of, .J/itchill, 4: 189;
Table-Talk (Mots), Appleton, 7 : 157; Taking
the Census, Hooper, 7: 290; War in the Land
of Vncle Sam, Whitt, 8: 8: What I Know
About Gardening, Warner, 8 : 442; 'Vouter
Van Twiller, The Renowneù, Irving, 5 : 41.-
See, also, ItJetl'Y.
HU:\IPBREYS, DAVID, 3: 4Ð0-498, - and see
" The Hartford TVits," 422-429.
Hunt, Helen.-8eeHelen F. .Jackson.
HL'"NT, THEODORE 'VHITEFIELD. 10: 216-278.
HUNT, 'VILLIA:\I MORRIS, 8: 169-172.
HL'"TcnEsoN, HELEN TnAYER, 11: 356.
HrTcIIIN
ON, )IARGAUET, 3 : 65-00.
HUTClllro\SON, TllOl\IAS, 3: 50-64.
GENERAL INDEX.
627
HUTTOX, LAt:'"RENCE, 10: 215-218.
Hymnology.-See Poetry.
Indian Troubles.-See WerT.
I
wERsOLL, CHARLES JARED,:>: 3i-38.
IXGERSOLL, RUBEHT GREEX, 9: 108-113.
" Ingham, Col. Frederic" {Pseud.).-SeeE.
E. Hale.
"Innsly, Owen" {Pseud.).-
ee Lucy n
Jen-
nisoll.
"Irenæus" (Pseud.).-See S. L Prime.
IRVIXG, \VA!"HIXGTOX, 5: 41-83; 7: 190,-Duyc-
kinck upon, 318.
IRnXG, WILLIA'I, 4: 2
22Ç).
.. Ivorv Black" (Pseud.).-8ee T. A. Janvier.
J acksõn, Andrew, .J.Voted Sayiug, 4: 490; Schoul-
er's Characterization of, 11 : 424.
JACK
O
Z HELEX FI:'KE, 8: 5Oi-518.
JA:\IES, tiESHY, 7: 100.
JA'IES, HESRY, JR., 10: li9-19i: 11: 45i.
JA:\IES, T. C., 4: 1
.
JAxnER, }!AROARET THO:\I!"ox.I0: 303-304.
J AsnER, THO:\IAS ALLIBoxE, 10: 534-513.
JARVES, J.UIES J -\.CKSOX, 7 : &\0-382.
JAY, JOHX, 3: 325-334,-anù see Washington's
Farewell Aùdress, 162.
JAY, Jons, 7: 336-33i.
JEF!:ERSOX t .!.O:'EPH, 11_:) 398-40'2; In Rip Van
"mkle, I J wler, 9 : 3.'J:...
JEFFERSOS, 1'UO:\1 \S, 3: 26:>-2S5, 11: 448; Em-
mons's Sermon against, 4: 2
,-\\ïrt's Ora-
tion on, 32.'),-Portrayeù at
1 by Webster,
455; Ingersoll's Sketch of,:> : 3i: Hildreth
on,6 : 326 ; H. Adams's Characterization of,
11 : 418 ; anù see Declaratiun of Inùepend-
ence, 3 ; 286.
JESSISOS, Lucy 'WHITE. 10: 5il-5i2.
JEWETT, S-\.RAH ORSE, 10: 510-518.
Johnson, Andrew, Noted Saying, 11 : 4;)5.
., Johnson; Benj. F., of Boone" (Pseuù.).-
See J. n. Riwy.
Jou..;sos, CAPl'AIX EDWARD, 1 : 31ß--332.
JUH'SOX, HELEX KESURICK, 10: 2Oi-208.
JUH";SOX, OLIVER, 6: 506-508.
.Jouxsos, ROBERT L'XDERWOOD, 11 : 116-118.
Jun..;sux, ROSSITER, 10: 40-43.
.JUH'I;";UX, SAMUEL, 8 : tH: 11 : 35S-
5f1.
.JulI'I;:,US, YIRGIXIA WALES, 10: 54\)-553.
.JOH";:'OX, "'I LLI A 'I }lARTIs, 4: 305-:-J(l(t
.J OH";STUX, RICU \.RD MALCOL:\I, 8 : 8O-8i.
.JUlI";STU
, WILLIAM PRESTO:'>., 8: 5i2-5i4.
.JOXEs, AM\.XD.\ THEODOSL\, 9: 320-321.
.lUXE,.., ClI-\.RLES COLCOCK, JR., 8: 591-597.
JUXE,.;, Huon, 2 : 2i9-2"'7.
JOSES, JOHS PAn" 3: 380-3S7.
.JuxES, TIIU:\IAS, 3 : 130-138.
JU,.;SELYX, JOlIX, 1: 42i-4:i:-3.
., Josiah Allen's Wife" {Pseud.).-See Mal'ì-
ettll. Hulwy.
JOURNALISM.-BRmILEY, The No-
hIe Teton
ioux, 9: !
I,-The Season uf Ram-
page, 101; BUCKIXGlIAM, An Editor of the
Last Century, 4: 4:30; CO'i'ODOS, Twelve
Little Dirty Questions, 7 : 569 ; DAXA, Gree-
ley as a Journalist, 7: 448,-Roscoe Conk-
ling-, 45'J; DESSfE, Essays from" The Port
Folio," 4:248-2.')1 ; GARRISOS, ,Yo L., "The
Liberator," 6: 2"22: GREELEY,The "Tribune,"
7: 78,-Depenùent Journali!5m. 80,-The
Prayer of Twenty )Iillions, 81,-The Appeal
Renewed, 82,-The Bailing of Jeff. Davis, 84;
S:\( -\.LLEY, European Corresponùence, 9: 123-
137
\\'mTE, H., The Great Chicago Fire. 9:
214; WILKESON, An Hour auù Forty )Iin-
utes,7: 5'31: WIXTER, On the Press and the
Stag-e, 9 : 361.-See, also, Iblitics, etc.
"J. S. of Dale" {Pseudo ).-See F. J. ßtimsQ1/.,-
Jt:'"DD.
YIXESl'EH, 7 : 2::3.5-247.
JUDSOX, E:\rILY CHt:'"BBecK, 7: 355-3.5i.
"June, Jennie" {Pseudo ).-SeeJ. C. G1'oly.
K\.XE, ELISHA KEST, 7: 517-52:3.
Keamy, Philip, ...Yuteel Saying, 7 : 193.
KEESAX, HEXHY FHAXCIS,10 : 545-54
.
KE:\IBI-E, FRAXCES Axx. 6: 500-500; 11 : 349.
KEXXAS, GEORGE, 10: æ3-336.
KEXXEDY, .J ORX PEXDLETO!\, 5: 384-394.
KEST, JA:\'fES, 4: 18!-18ô.
KEXYO
J.UIES BEXJ.UrIX, 11 : 256-251.
., Kerr, urpheus C." {Pseuù.).-See R. H.lfèw-
ell.
KETcHeM, AXXIE CnnmERs, 8 : li4, 175.
KEY, FRAXCI:'i SCOTT, 4: 419.
KnlB\.LI., HARRIET )1c.'EWEX, 9 : 193-194.
KnIllALI., RIClIAHD BCRLEIGlI, 7: 303-30
.
KIXG, CHARLE,.;, 10 : 2
6-2!J3.
15IXG, CLAREXCE i 10 : l
i-:W5.
KINO, EDWARD, 0: 439.
King George's War.-See War.
1
G,
R \.CE E!;IZ \. BETH. !
: 3}
322.
Kuw, THU:\IA:'
TARH, 8: lw-l...
King William's War.-See 'War.
KIXXEY, COATES, 8 : 3O-!-305.
KISXE1', ELIZ-\.BETII CLE:\IESTISE, 6: 529-531.
KIP, LEOSAHD, 8: 291-303.
KIP, \YILLIA:\l hHRAnnl, 7 : 107-112.
KIRK, ELLE"; '" ARXER OLSEY, 10: 130-136.
KIRK, JOliX FOSTEU, 8: 172-1i3.
., Kirke, Edmunù" {Pseuù.).-See J. R. Gil-
more.
KIRKLAXD, CAIWLIXE MATILDA ISTAX8BrRY,
6: 53-5i.
KIRKLAXD, JOSEPH, 8 : 491-506.
KXAPP, GILBERT PETEU, 11 : 34
.
"Knickerbucker, Diedrich" {Pseud.).-See
Jr: h'vilig.
KNIfinT, SARAII KBIBLE, 2: 24
264.
Kxox, TIIO'IAS \YALLACE, 9: 2tS6-289.
L\.DD. JOSEPH Buowx, 3: 506.
"Laicus" (Pseuù. ).-See L. Abbott.
LA:\IAH. :\!IRAßEAl" BOS"AP\.RTE.:> : 4i8-479.
LA:\1B, :\IAUTHA .JOA
X.\, 8: 416-418..
Lamont, Daniel Scott, XutHi Saying, 11 : 458.
LANGUAGE. - DrRmatic Diction of
8hakespeare, Marsh. 6: 6::J; Endish ('01"-.
ruption of the .A merican Lang-uag-e, .N. Hfb-
ste/", 4: 150; Eng-lish, Ei!!hty -Years .\!!o. R.
Tyler, 4: 103; Eug-lish in Xe\\ spaper,.: and
Novels, A.. S. Hill, 9: 22
: Eu!!lisl1 O,.thog-rR-
phy,llflelley, 7:5ôü: How
hall we 8pell? JJ"hU-
'lie?!, 8: a:H: Language that
eeùs a Rest,
.}[awki1l.8, 11: 'ì
: Our Tuugue, Future of,
LmlUsbltry,9 : 51)i.
LANIEU, CLIFFORJ), 10: 29.-208.
LA
dER, SmXEY, 10: 14:J-151.
LASIGAX, GEOHOE THO:\IAS, 10: 33i-33R
L \RCO:\l, Lecy, 8 : 305.
L.\RXED, At:'"Gl"":"TA, 9: 3.
\)-34:).
LATlIUOP, fiEOIWE PAU,.;OX:-I, 11 : 3
1.
LATHROP, ROSE HA. WTlIORXE, 11 : 41-13.
LAuuE:\s, HESUY, 3 : 108-113.
LA W.-Independent Judiciary, Plea for
an, .Bayard, 4: 2-!ö
La\\ yer, The, Star/I. 4 :
421 : Lawvers' "Twelve Good Rules," hìrt,
4: 329; Parsons, T., Portrait of, H'tbster, 4 :
454. ..
Lawreuce, Capt. James, Nvtecl&lyillg, 11 : 448.
628
GENERAL INDEX.
LAWSON, DEODAT,
1
!14.
LAWSON, JOHN, 2: ..."4-...,,,.
LAWTON, \YILLLur CR \X,,;TON, 11: 114-116.
L.\Z..\RTTS, E:\IMA, 10 : 4
j2-4!18.
LEA, HENRY CHARLES, 8 :
39-246.
LEARNED. \Y ALTER, 10 : 421--425.
Leddra, "ïlliam. -See Letters of the Quakers, 1:
399.
LEDYARD, JOHN, 3: 416-423.
Lee, Arthur, Noted Saying, 11 : 441.
LEE, HENRY, 4: 74-88.
LEE, RICH\RD HEXRY, 3: 182--185.
LEGARÉ, HUGII SWJ
TON, 1) : 462-463.
LEGARÉ, J.UIES }L-\.THEWS, 8: 149-150.
LEGGETT, \YILLLUI, 6: 114-120.
LEWIITON, WILLIA'I, 9: 94-99.
LELA
D, CHAULES GODFHEY, 8: 192--191.
LESLIE, ELIz.\, 1) : 122-127.
LESTER, CIIAHLES EDWARD
, 7: 282--284.
Letters.-See Correspon dence.
LEWIS, CHARLES BERTuAxD, 10 : Hi0-164.
LEWIS, CHARLTON Tmnus, 9 : 158-161.
LEWIS, T.\YLER, 6: 91-93.
LIEBER, FRAXCIS, 6 : 26-30.
LIXCOLN, ABR \lLUI, 6: 470-485 ; Cabinet-mak-
ing with, Treed, 1) : 470: Beecher's Sermon
on, 7: 205,- Lowell's Portrait of, in the
Commemoration Ode, 43Ø; Stoddard's Fune-
ral Ode on, 8: 229,-Brooks's Reminiscences
of, 481 ; Sketched in "The Graysons," E. Eg-
gleston, 9 : 514; McKay's Sonnet on, 11 : 33
,
-Nicolay and Hay's Life of, 403-
LINN, JOHN BLAIR, 4 : 358-35\).
LJPPD,COTT, SARAH J \
E, 8: 9H-95.
LITCIIFIELD, GRACE DEXJO. 11 : 345.
Literature.-See Criticism.
Ln"JSGSTON, UOBEUT R., 3 : 371-379.
LIYIXGSTOX, \VILUHI. 2: 450-462.
LLOYD, D \ VID DDr \UEST. 11 : 21-26.
L<K'KE, I>AVID Ross, 9: 103-108.
LOCKE, RICH.un> AD.Hrs, 11 : 371-374.
LODGE, HENRY CABOT, 10: 564-571.
Lmw, JOHN DA VI";, 9 : 56
.
LONGFELLOW, HEKRY \V ADSWORTH, 6: 282-
324.
LOSGFELLOW, SAM"LEL, 7: 493.
LoxusTREET, AUGUSTUS BALDWIN, 1): 229-
285.
LORD, \Vn.LIA
r ""ILBERFORCE, 7 : 402..
LORIKG, FREDERICK \V ADSWORTH, 10: 472-
473.
LO
SIXG, BENSON JOHN, 7: 184-186.
LOt:GIIEAD, FLOR-\. HAINES, 11 : 179-186.
LOUNSHGUY, THo
rAs RAYNESFORD, 9: fi78-590.
Low, S.UIUEL, 4: 201.
LOWELL, J.nTES Rr,,:sELL, 7: 411-448; 11:460.
LOWELL, MARIA \VIIITE, 7 : 562-;)68.
LOWELL, ROBEHT TRAILL SPE
'CE, 7: 311-314;
11 : 3
1-386.
LucAs, ELIZ.\, 2 : 445-447.
LihmRs, CHAULES HEXRY, 11 : 265-261.
LUDLOW, FITZ BU<HI. 9: 408-413.
LL'XT, GEORGE, 6 : 166-161.
"Luska, Shlney" (Pseud.).-See H. HIl1'lrtncl.
"Lynn, Ethel" (Pseuù. ).-SeeEtnelLyuuBeers.
LYTLE, WILLIA 'r HAIXES, 8: 312--31:-t
MAßIE, HA1\[IJ
TON "'RWHT, 10 : 340-342.
)IACDOKOUGII, At:Gr
TT"S RODNEY, 7: 541.
)fACKELL \R, TnmIAs, 11 : :{(j2.
}L\.CON, J OIlX AIÆHEn, 11 : 52-53.
}!AmsoN, JUTES, 3: 4
!'-444: .J. Q. Aùams's
Eulog-y on, 4: 240 : allll
ee 3 : 2\;1;.
)IA
s. HOHACE, 1) : +tn-451.
)lAs:\, S.\:\lUEL ELE \ZI.:H, 11 : 3:17.
MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. -
Ameriea of 1784, M('..ZIIt1.
t(1', 11: 72; American
of 1800, The, H. Adams, 11: 420: Ameriean So-
ciety, 1785-!l5, Sullivan, 4: 344:
-\.meriean
,y orkman in 1784, The, .11JcMaste1', 11: 77;
Bostonians, Of the, Tudor, 4 : ,UI!': Colonial
New York, TV. Smith, 2: 484; Colonial Vir-
ginia, Pastimes of, Beverly, 2 : 270; Connecti-
cut in the Last Century, reters, 3: 212; Con-
versation in}1 odern Lon don Dra wing-Rooms,
Smalle!f. 9: 130-137: First \Yestern Courts,
The. Cass, 1) : 25; Harvard Sixty Years A go,
Peabody, 7: 112; Kniekerbocker Old-Time
Customs, TFulley, 2 : 4'3; Life in N e"\\ Eng"laIlII
and New York, about 1
00, 1111's. Bowne. 4:
493; London, Paris, and \Vashington in 17:-\4-
86, lIfrs. Adams, 3: 296-303; :Mecting-House
of 1830, Go(xb-ich,1): 28
; Nantucket Cus-
toms a Century Ag"o. CrevecO'w', 3: 14R;
ew
York in 1695, .i.llilll'1'. 2: 2U9: "Old New Y or]\.,"
J. F. 'Watson, 4: 39;'): Old-Time Life in Al-
bany, Lossi7l,q, 7: 1
4; Old-Time Virginian,
The, Baldwin, 6: 4H
: Paris before the Revo-
lution, .11Ii.'iSAclams, 4: 1ng ; Plantation of the
Old Régime, A, Gaym'ré, 6: 251 : Social Life
in the Colonies, E. Eg!lle.
ton, 9: 523 ; Virginia
in 1722, H. Jones, 2 : 279; Washington '8 Ue-
ceptions, Sullivan, 4: 346; \Vays oI'the )Ien
of )Iaine, JuslJclyu, 1 : 431.
MAX:;FIELD, LEWIS 'YILuHr, 7 : 299-303.
Marcy, William Learned, Xoted Sayillg, 7: un.
":Maria del Oecidente" (Pseud. ).-See 1Ila1'ia
G. Brooks.
MARKUHr, CHARLES EDWI
, 11 : 445-44fi.
1\fAUSIl, GEORHE PERKIS
. 6: 63-66.
MARSHALL, JOHN, 4: 58-().').
l\IAR!<HALL, THo
IAS }'RANCIS, 6: R8-40.
MARTJN, EDWAUD
ANFORD, 11 : 348-349.
:\fARTJN, LUTHER, 3 : 311-313.
" }lan'el, Ik " (Pseud. ).-See Ð. G. .11litcnell.
l\L\sox, (' -\.ROLIXE ATHERTON, 8 : lC,8.
l\I
SON, M.-\..JOH.JOHN, 1: 180--189.
MATHER, COTTON, 2: 114-166, -Thompson's
Eulogy on, 3.'>:-Noyes's Consolatory Poem
to,2oo,-S. Mather's Life of, 34
; Examined
by)1. C. Tyler, 9 : 264.
)I.-\.THER, ISCRE \SE, 2: 75-101t
l\I-\.THER, RICH\lw, 1: 170-174,-and see Bay
nalm Book. 211.
)IA THEH, SnwEL. 2 : 346-352.
}IATllEWS, ALBERT, 7 : 5-!O-Ml.
)L-\.THEW", CORKELJrS, 7 : 350-3.53.
1\L-\.TTHEW8, BRANDER. 11: 80-00.
}IAURY. )L\TTHEW FO
TAIXE, 6: 281-282.
::\L-\.XWELL, \Vn.u.nr, 1): 83-84.
fAY, 8.urT"EL JOSEPH, 1): 468-470.
::\IA YER, BRAXTZ, 6 : 4!10-492.
::\IAYHEW, JONATlU.X, 3: 74-78.
MAYO. "'ILLIHr STAlUn':C'K, 7: 164-100.
}IcCAßE, '\'JLJ.Lur GOIWON, 10: 108-109.
}IcCARTHY, HAURY, 8: 368.
}ICC'LELLAN, GEOUGE BRIXTON, 8: 271-274.
l\IC('LELLAIIo U,
IARY G REENW A Y, 11 :
7 -
71.
MCCOHD, Lon:u 8n'ANNAH. 6 : .511-51
.
)IcDoWEJ.L, KATHARIKE SnERwOoD BO
XER,
10: 52a-5:!
.
:!\lcELROY, \YJJ.UA
f HENRY, 10: 172-176.
}ICGAFFEY, ERl'E,,;T, 11 : 311-312.
McK-\.y. J.UIES TIIoJ\(soN.11 :3:
!}.
}IcJ.ean, Sarah Pratt.-
ee S. I
1I1cL. (hf'flIC.
1\k::\l.AsTER. (';-UY 1I11
[J'HHEY
, 8 : 432-433.
)Ic)l.o\.
TER. JOHS BU'H, 11 : 72--7R.
}Ic
amee. Theodore, X"teclSayillg, 11: 452.
)IELLI::x, (;HEXVILLE, 1) : 503-504; 11: 430.
GENERAL INDEX.
)IEL VILLE, HER:\IA", 7: 4ß4.-..47
.
" )Iercutio" (pseud.).-See W. Winter.
::\IEREDlTH, "ILunl T., 11: 334.
)IESSI
GER, ROBERT HIXCKLEY, 7: 58--60.
Metaphysics. - See Philosophy and
Jletaphysic.
.
Mexican War.-Sep 'War,
::\IrLLER, CI
CI"
-\.TCS HIXER, 10: 80-85.
:MILLER, HARRIET )L\.x
, 8: 533-537.
)Iiller, Joaquin.-See C. H.
1-Jiller.
)IrLLER, .JOIIX, 2: 2OH-21O.
.. )Iiller, Olive Thorn" (Pseud.).-See Harriet
..11. Miller.
::\IrxOT, GEORGE RICHARDS, 4: 151-152.
)IITCIIEL,OR:\ISBY )lACKXWHT, 6: 381-534.
)IrTCIIELL, AG
ES E., 11: 350.
)lrTCIIELL, DO
ALD GR-\.XT, 8: 3
7.
)lITCHI;LL, EDWARD PA<;E. 11 : 65-7:3.
::\lITCHELL, J ox \. TIHX. 2 : :30-2:3.
)IITCHELL, L\.xGDo
ELWYx. 11: 82:3.
)IITCIIELL, SILAS WEIR, 8 : 43f>-HO.
)!rTCHELL, \YALTEH, 8: 2
2S7.
LITCHILL, S UICEL LHIIA.:.u, 4: 189-194; An-
ecdote of, 5: 190.
)IO
HOE, .J A 'IES, 11: 44!t
)IOXTGO:\IEHY, l;EURGE EDGAR, 11: 223--224.
)IoODY, J A:\IE". 3 : 306-310.
)IOOHE, CLE:\IEXT CLARKE. 4: 39!-395.
)IOHGA
, AI'I'LETo
, 10: 342--346.
)IUHGAX, BES,,;IE, 11: :-347.
)IORRELL WILLI..\:\I, 1: 13
-HO.
)luRlu,,;, GEOHGE POPE, 6 : 76-78.
}IoRIus, GOCYEHXECH, 3: 4
-t-!
!).
)IoRRIs, HARRI:;UX
:\I1TH, 11: 240-243.
)IoRRIs, R.UISA Y. 11 : 24
.
)IORSE, JA\lES HEHBEHT, 10: 74.
l\IOR,..E, .JOlls TOHlmY, JR., 10: :
;,)-37.
::\IORSE, SA:\ICEL FIXLEY BREE"E. 5: 235--237.
MORTOX,
ATHA
IEL. 1: 412--119.
)IoI{Tux,
ARAII WEXTWORTH. 4: 100.
)I()RTO
, THO:\IAS, 1: 147-15ü. -Bradford's
arrative of, 107,-alld see ;')()().
MOTLEY, Jom; LOTIIHOP, 7: 2:ï3-268; 11 :377-
381.
)[m:LTox, LorrsE ("II \.XDLER. 9: 24."-2.54.
)II'HLEXßERG, \\"ILLLnI AnTl-STCS, 5: 443--4+!.
l\!CLFORD, ELISH \.,9: 118-123.
::\lrLLA
Y, PATHH""K FR-\'
C"'.11: 433-436.
)It-' FUltD, ""ILLI..UI. 4: 347-:-J.!8.
)1l":\KITTRU'K, RIClHHD KE'DU.L, 11: 353.
)II:HFREE, )!..\.HY XO.ULLE,... 11: 3-15.
)Il"RR\.\, LIXDLEY, 3: 362-
ü;).
Music.-See (Y,.Üicisl1l.
AD_\.L, EllR:\HX 8nIE, 10: 210-215.
NARRATIVES. - Aboriginal Devil,
The, 8trt/cltey,l:
9; Ad,'enture;: of a Capti,'e
Gylc,
. 2: au: Afternoon in
antucket, An'
J. G. All.
till. 8 : 52:1; At Laù, Bles,..ington's'
Hìllis. 6 : 237: Hi!<marck in- the Reich!';tao-'
Small"y,9: 1:36: Blllldhist Legenll of tI
Golùen Lotus, Gre,'y. 9: :322: Cabinet-)Iak-
ing with Liucoln, JJl.Cft, 5 : 470: Cambridge
Bo
t Race, A. Bri.
ttd: 7 : 548; Capth'ity, Suf-
ferm!!s, mill Restoratwn of )Iary Rowland-
son, Rowlnnd.wm.2: 5
: Capture ohhe "Phila-
delphia," Rll!!. 4: 308; Charle:;ton Fire, The,
E. JVatxon, 4: l:ï2; Cheney's Adventures,
Re'/lUey, 7 : 22-'3: Chf'valicr of the Lost ("a use,
A, G. r.
/.'l'f.
tf)n.l0: 22; Connecticut Beau-
t.,", A, Goodrich. 5: 21;9; ("racking on for
Home, R. H. .Dalla. .71'., 7 : 2iß: Dakuta Bliz-
zarù,
\, ..lln;. (',ister, 10: 298: D:lIlgerous
Aùventure, _\, Audubon, 5: HI; Dt'PI'tielù
629
Ia!':sacre and Capti\"es. J. Williams, 2: 241-
248 : Discoveryof Gold in California, Colton,
5 : 464 ; Dog's Fidelity, A, T. Dwight. 3 : 4i5 ;
Dolorous Journey to the
ew ""orld, Col.
lIõr/(Jood, 1: 50; Duel Between Randolph
and Clay, Benton, 5: 27; Eùucation of a
Young Princp, P. Bigelow. 11: 197; Elia,
Breakfast with, nïllis, 6 : 2ü4; Ethan Allen,
Reckoning with, Rivill!Jton, 3: 99: Events in
America and France, J. .A.dam.
, 3: 186-105 ;
Event
in England,
otes of, Curwell, 3: 70;
Flugglll!j at Sea, R. H. Dana. Jr., 7 : 2;:3 ;
From Boston to X ew York in 1704, Jfadam
Kni{jht,2: 248; George the Third's Submis-
sion, Curwt!n, 3: 68;
Great Earthquake in
Jamaica, The. P/"Ïnce, 2: 328; Hasheesh
Eater, The, Ludlow, 9 : 408 ; Honesty of Rich-
ard.J ackson, T. DWi!Jltt. 3 : 473 ; Hunting- Olù
Ephraim. Roo.o.eI1flt, 11: 2:>0; In a French
Prison. 1794, T. Paine, 3 : 231 ; Indian Bra\"e,
An, J. Story, 4: 42.5; John, An American, L.
jJf. Alcott, 8: 584; John Thorogood, Dissenter,
Le,çter. 7: 282; Journey to St. Augustine, The,
Juuathan Dickinsull, 2: 2"
1; Life in Pennsyl-
"ania, )Iemoirs of, Graydon, 3: 457-W2;
London Promenade, A, C,WWPIt. 3 :(36 : Louis
Pllilippe and His Famil), SWlllerson, 5 : :l8
}Iain Truck, The, Legg,tt, 6: 11-1: )Irs. Wright
and Franklin, E. Jrats/.J1I, 4: 155:
ew
Hampshire's lndian Experiences, Iklkllap,
3: 31!l; Olù
Fa
h
on
ù Thanksgi\"in/!.] _\n,
Lamb, 8: 416; Pame m France, E. n atso/l,
4 : 154; Patl"Íot in the Tower of London, A,
LaurO/s, 3: 108; Poor Chloe, L. _1I. Child,
6: 78; Presented at Cuurt. Jl. lIutchiui'iu1t, 3:
65 ; Profitable Day, A, Bynl. 2 : 303; Remi-
niseellees, P. Cha..<æ, 4: 355, 335: Reseue, The,
Owen, 6 : .1 : Richmond Theatre, Buming uf
the, Dunlap, 4: :3HJ : Sallùimanians, The,
Goodrich, 5: 294; Suuth 'sFirst Crop of Sugar,
The, Gúyard:, 6: 2iiO; Sturm off the Ber-
mudas,
Stru;chelJ. 1 :
; Story of
rati-
tuùc. A, I. Dlmght. 3: 4, f ; Tale of Piracy,
A, Colman, 2: ;!97; Talks with Thackeray,
O. Dcwey, 5: 303; Yisits to Johnson and
Golùsmith, W. White, 3: 3HG; Visits to R.
Hall and J. Fo!';ter, Jr. B. Sprague, 5: 3(n;
Yix, Warillg, 9: 71 : Wa
hin!!,'ton City, Hemi-
niseellces of, n: White. 3 : 3!J7; '\' ebster at
Bunker Hill, Gondrich, 5 : 295: '" eltleet O.}'s-
terman, The, Thorean, 7: 3'
; "'hen Tom
)[oore Sang, JVtllis. 6 : 2fì6; Why John Rolfe
)Iarried Pocahontas, Ru?fè, 1: 17: '\' oful
Shipwreck of _\llthony Thacher. The, Ã..
Thacher, 1: 16=>: Wreck on the Florida Coast,
A, JOT/at/iall Dickiuçolt. 2 : 218; Yankee Pa!':s,
The, Jr. L. Stolle. 5: 2fiH; Yellow Fever in
Phila(lelphia, 17!I:t 41f. Cm"elj, 4: lß2.-8ee,
also, Bio.lll"aphll, Diariex and J/lurual.
, jJlall-
'llers and Custom.
, r,'avels, Hal'.
"Xasby, Petroleum V." (Pseud.).-See D. R.
Locke.
NATURE. - Apple-Eater, The, Bur-
roughs, 9: 449; Autumn Woods, Flao.'l, 6:
237 ; Commodities and Discommoùities of
:Kew England, The. F. J[
7!Jin.çoll, 1: 142-
146: COllntrv House near
ewport, in 1;3-,
G. BerliAey, 2: 321; Day in Spring, A. Rue. 9:
531: From Sprin
to Fall, Burroughs, 9:
4-l s ; Happ
Farmer, The, ('revecæur, 3: 188;
Inlallli _Urican ::'cenery. 11[(I7lel', 6: 490; In
the Hemlocks, Burrou!llz.
. 9: 443; In the
Home of the .-\ lIigatcJl', .Butmlll, 4 : 3; Little
630
GENERAL INDEX.
Id):l, A, Audubon, 5: 23; }Iaster Blue.Jay, A.
it ilson, 4: 222: )Iidsummer, Burroughs, 9 :
451; )Iotif of Bird-Song-, The, 1If. Thompson,
10: 227; )fountain Tragedy, A, C. D. 1-ramel',
8 : 449; Niagara, The Glory of, H James, J,'.,
10: 195; Northern Pet, A, Hayes, 8: 575;
Our
ew Neighbors at Ponkapog, Aldi'ic!.1
9: 3&); "0 \Vondrous Singers," H. .1U.
Miller, 8: 533; Rattlesnake,
otes on the,
Bartram, 4 : 10 ; Report of
atural ". onJ.ers,
A, Jos.
dyn, 1 : 428; Sea-Shore, Whitiug, 10:
177; Sky-Lark, The, Burroughs, 9: 4,'52;
Snow, È, 111. ThomaB, 11: 154; Southern
Sky, The, Jlaury, 6: 281; Spring beside
". alden, Tlwreau, 7: 323; Springs, B1lr-
r01f{Jhs, 9: 453; Topography, Flora, and
Fauna of Old New York, Denton, 1: 419;
View from Honeyman's Hill, The, G. Bn'ke-
ley. 2: 3'2'.3; Walking, BIt1'1'Oltghs, 9: 447;
Water-Lilies, T. W. Higginson, 8: 123;
Where Sleeps Titania, Gibson, 10: 598;
\Vrens, The, A.. 1-Vilson, 4: 22ft-See, also,
Emerson on, 6 : 129, 130, aud Poetry.
NEAL, JOH
, 5: 298-302.
Negro Hymns and Songs, 8: 2ü5-270.
XEWELL, HOBERT HEl'iRY, 9: 415-418.
:XICHOLS. STum HOYT, 9: 212-214.
icholson, Jane.-See I1æ Quaker .Rtition, 1:
401-103.
ichfllson, J oseph.-See The Quaker Petition,
1: 401-403.
ICOLAY, JOH
GEORGE, 11 : 403-410.
XILES, XATHA
IEL, 3: 263--264.
ILES, SA
n'EL, 2: 4fH-475.
OAII, )lORDECAI )!Al'il:EL. 5: 102-105.
XOBLE, LUCRETIA GRAY, 10: 317-39...0.
NORDHOFF, CIIARLES, 8: 468-470.
XORTO
, A
DREWS, 5 : 112-113.
NORTO
, CHARLES ELIOT, 8 : 306-311.
ORTO
, .JOII
, 1 : 361-3ti6,-His Escape from
Englaud, 320.
NORTO
, JOH
, 2: 46-48.
KORWOOD, COLOl'iEL, 1: 50-90.
NOTED SAYINGS.
VOL. IV.-" Amicably, if they can; violently,
l ifthey must," Quincy, 4: 490,-"Millions for
Defence," Pincklley, ib.,-" Our Country,
right or wron2"," Decatur, ib.,-" Our Fed-
eral "Lnion" Jackson, ib.,-"Wehavemet the
euemy," Per1Y, ib.
VOL. YII.-"Almig:hty Dollar, The," Irving, 7:
190,-" Bloody chasm, to clasp hands across
the," Gneley, 194, -" Contraband." Butler,
193,-"Cotton ii'> King-," Christy, 1
2,-Ham-
'lfWlld, ib.,-" Fight it out on this line,"
(';ra7Lt, 194, - " (Tlittering: g-eneralities,"
Choate, 192,-" Govemment of all the peo-
pIe," Pm'ker, 191,-" Harsh as Truth," Gar-
rison, 190,-" Hub of the Solar Sy
tem,"
HolnUJs Z 193,-"Indestructible States," Chase,
194,- 'Let us have peace," Graut, ib.,-
"Lovely tig-hting," Keamy, IH3,-" )IuJ.-
sills," lIaitunolld, 1U"2,-"
Iusic of the
"Lnion," Choate, 191,-" OM-Line \Vhig,"
Bltes, ib.,-" Peace at any price," Fillmore
Rallying Ciy, ib.,-"People's government,"
1Jebster, ib.,-" Resumption, the way is to
resume," Chas
, 194,-" ::\eIf-made man,"
Clapp, 192,-" Shoot him on the spot," Dix,
193,-" Star for every State," Wintlmp, ib.,'
-" Stonewall" Jackson, .Bee, ib.,-" Strict
Construction, to secure repeal," G1'mlt, 194,
-"To the vietors belong the spoils,"
lIarcy,
191,-" Lnconditional surrender," G,'ant,
193,-" {T pper ten thousand," lVillis, 191.
VOL. XI.-Advocate's opinion, An, Bt.t1'i' 449
-Ballot, On the, Pie1pont, 451, -" Be ' sur
you are right," C1'ockdt, 449, - "Blood is
thicker than water!" Tattnall 453,-" Book
ho
estly come by, A," Lowell, 460,-" Both
regIment!';, or none!" S. Adams, 447,-" Bro-
ther Jonathan," WaBhington, ib.,-" Business
a pleasure, and
leasure my business,"Burr,
449 -"
ut one lIfe
o lose for my Country,"
Hale, 441,-" CohesIve power of public plun-
d
r," Calltcnl7l, 451,-" Communism of capi-
tal," Clevda1ld, 459,- " ConJ.ition, A-Not a
theory," Cleveland, ib.,-"Contemporaneous
posterity," n-allace, 451, - "Country, Our
whole, and nothing but," Webster, 449,-
"Co"enant with J.eath," Ga1"l'is01l, 451.-
" Cradle of ArneI'. Liberty," Wtb,
te1', 452,-
"Dead cavalryman," Houke?', 454,-Dis-
courses of Christ, On the, Je.fJason, 448,-
" Don't give up the ship!" Lau'rellce. ib.,-
"E4ual and exact justice, "etc.("Declaration
of Principles"), Jçtfèr80lI, ib.,-"Era of Good
Feeling," Boston" Centillel, " 449,-" Error of
opinion," vs. reason, .k.D"erson, 448J..- Faith
andReason, On, &h(mler, 457,-" .l'ew die,
and none resign," Jf,fJe;'s(m, 448,-" Fifty-
four forty, or tight! " Allen, 451,-" Finer
artin our day, A," HO'l('ell,
, 457,-" Free 8uil,
Frémont !" etc., RepublicanCiy, 453,-"Free
Trade and Seaman's Right8," Clay, 450.-
"General Taylor never surrenders," Critten-
dell, 452,-"Give 'em Jessie !" FrÒi/ont'sSup-
porters, 453,-"Good enough )lorgan, A,"
need, 450-" Government shoulJ. not HIP-
port the people," Cli'1'eland, 459 -" Haug
together, \"" e mU8t all," FrallkÌin, 447,-
"Hold the fort!" Sherman, 454,-" Honor
lies in honest toil," Cli1Jelalld, 45t'\,-"I am a
man," Black Hawk, 450,-" Illustrious pre-
decessor, :Footsteps of my," Van B1l1'ell, ib.,
-" Innocuous desuetude," Clevtlaml, 459.-
"Jacksonian vulgarity," Ibttn', 461,-" La-
bor is the capital of our workingmen," Cleæ-
lalld, 459, -" Let no guilty man eseape,"
Gmnt, 456,-" Let us alone," D(wis, 453,
-" Limited cosmopolitanil-'m," Hi!JUiJl,wYll,
457,-" Little more ,grape, Captain Bragg,
A," Taylor, 432,-" Lonely bugle grie"e::-."
Mellen, 450,-" Look upallJ. 1I0t ùown, To,"
etc., IIal", 455,-" )Ien, not measures,"
Phelp,
, 461,-" )Ionroe Doctrine, The,"
.JIonroe, 449,-" )ltu!'wump," Illtroduetion
of the, Brornlty, 456, XCl" York Hun, ib..
Definition of, ItJi'ter, ib.,-"National Debt a
National Blessing-," Horniltoll, 455,- nilke-
SOil, ib..-" New Departure, This," Bel/trm,
451,-:Xew Englanders, A \Vord to, J/.trer-
SOli, 448,-" K 0 r;W1'e sla,'e States," Chase.
452,-" No rights which the white man was
bound to respect," Taue'lJ, 453,-"
o South,
no North, no East, no \'" est," ('lay, 450.-
"
ot a
ation, but a "Lnion," Calhoun, 452,
-"
ot a Virginian, uut an American,"
Hemy, 447,- ,. Offensi.e partisans," Cleve-
land, 45U,-0fli.ce, "neither to be solicited nor
refuseJ.," J
ffei'.ç()n, 448,-" One vast insane
asylum," Petigru, 453,-Only 0l1r own peo-
ple can harm us, IIan"Íso"/l, 461,-" On to
Riehmond
" Jfw'nil, 454,-"Our gooJ.s, and
not our principles, " BoU'BU ({; ..l1clYamee,
452,-"Party honesty is party expeJ.iency,"
Clevellllld, 459,-" Peaee, Prepare for war in
GENERAL INDEX.
time of," Washington, 447 -" Plantation of
religion, not of trade," J. H(ggillson, 446.-
"Positin partofchurchreformation," F.Hig-
gillsolt, ib.,-"Practical politics," .!btter, 461,
-"Public office is a public trust," Clay, 457,
Sumner, ib., Crapo, 458, EatoJl, ib., Cleveland,
ib., Remitt, ib., Lanwltt, ih.,-" Puritan with
the blackleg-, Combination of," Randolph,
4.')0,-" Rather be rig-ht than be Preshlent,"
Clay, ib.,-" Repudiate the repudiators,"
Fes..'!enden, 455,-" Roll of honor,
\," Cle/Je-
lewd, 459,-" Royalty of virtue, The," ItJtter,
4(H,-" Rum, Rumanism, and Rebellion,"
BUI'chard, 4tiO,-"Self-seeking has no anni-
yer'iary," Harrison, 461,-" Serves his party
best who serve5 his country best," Hayes,
4;)6,-":::;eventy years young-," Holmes, 460,-
"Sober, ",econllt huug-ht," Ames, -!47,-"Spell-
hinders," (J()(Xlloe, 460,-" Stick!" Sumner,
455,-" Strang-ulatus pro republica," Gar-
field, 457,-" ::iun is my father, The," TecU/Jl-
8eh, 4-18, -" Swing-ing round the circle,"
Johnso/l, 455, - " Ten Commandments "ill
not bud
e," Lowell, 460,-"That this is war,"
C. F. A.dams, 454,-" Total Depravity of In-
auimate Things," TValker, ib.,-" Treason
ag-ainst mankind," AlIdl'W, ib.,-" 1'\\ in
relics of Larbarislll," Sumner, 453,-" C nited
we stand, divided we fall," Dickinson and Lee,
44,,-" Cnnece",sary taxatiun is unjust taxa-
tion," Hewitt, 41;0,-" Cn;;.ettlell questions
han no pity," etc., Garfield, 4,')fj,-" "-ay-
ward sisters, depart in peace," &ott, 454,-
"\Yelove him for the enemies hehas made,"
Bì"a{Jg, 4fj(),-"\rhatare we here for?" Flana-
g!.an, 456, - ""-hat are YOU going to do
about it?" Tweed, 45.3,-" 'When the J ud.!æs
shall . . . go armed," Field, 461,-" \Y orse
than prodncial,-parochial," JaTi1l38, JJ'., 457.
XOTT, ELIPllALET, 4: 3.'3:3-333.
XOYE
, .Lun:s, 1: 274-2,ô.
XOYES, XICROLAS, 2 : 201-
0'3.
"
ye, Bill " (Pseud.).-
ee E. W. .Nye.
XYE, EDGA.R WIL,.;OX, 10: tiO!:I-613.
(JAKE";. t-RIA,,", 2:
ß--U.
(YBIUEX, FlTz-J.uIE
, 8: 3:'H-397.
O'CO:\XOR, )lIcH\EL, 11: 334-3.35.
()"COSXOR, WILLI..\.:\I DoroL \,.;, 9: 48-61.
UDELL, JOSATHAS, 3: 218-219.
0' H \ItA, TUEODORE, 7 : 541;-.550.
OUI::.TED, FREDERICK LAw, 8: 61-64.
ORATORY.-AD.UIS, J. Q., Lectures on
Oratory, 4:
;35-237,-
Iission of America,
2.'39,-Our Forefathers, 240,-Injustice to the
Indian, 24:3.- The Crime of Sla,"ery, 243 i
A:\lEs, F., Eulogy on \Vashing-ton, 4: 137 i
B.\H:\.\lm, F. A. P., _\ Prophetic \\'arnin
,
6: 4HS; B n \RDJ
The Judiciary Bill, 4:
246: BEECHER, tl. "'., Th(' Battle Set in
Array, 7 :
1,-Defence of the 1'orth, 2m,
-On the Death uf Lincoln, 205,-8ounding-
the Timhrel,:306; BE'lõTO
, T. H., Fall of the
Alamo, 5: .'33: BorDIxoT, Society of the
Cincinnati, 4: 15 : BROW", OF O,.;.\. WOTO'IIE,
_\ddre"s Before 8entence, 6: 3-1: Brw;E:"
A Prophecy, 4: 2fiO,-Rebuke to Randulph,
26:3: Bnm:\ELL, The True "'eal of Xations,
6 :
I:1 : C \Lllor'ó, Preservation of the t- nion,
4 : 484: CllOATE, Elo(tllence of Revolutiun-
ary Periods, (): 4!I:ï.-\Vebster as a
tate"-
man, 4!1
,-as an Orator, 501: CL\Y, On the
Captive Indians, 4: 359.-The Greek Revo-
lution, 3ôl,-The _\mericau System, 363,-
631
Attitude of So. Carolina, 364,-On his own
Career, 366; CLI
nox, Eloquence of the Six
Xations, 4: 254,-For Peace and Loyalty,
257; CORWI,", Uregon and the Compromise
Bill, 5: 345,-The Citizen's Duty, 349; CL"R-
TI:':, G. \Y., Eulogy on Wendell PhilIipf';, 8:
187; CC5llem, The
ation 's Progress. 6 : 31 ;
DAYlES, A Parson's Call to Arms, 2 : 44.;
DAYls, JEFFERSOS, On Lea\""ing the
enate,
6: 409; DEPEW, _\ Symbol, 9: 208,-The
American Idea, 211; DOI;"GLAS, On the \Yar,
7: 198; EVARTs, Eulogy on Chase, 7: 386;
EVElmTT, The Great Experiment., 5: 329,-
The .JIayftower, 330,-Lafa.}ette and Kapole-
on, 331,- Two Soldiers, 334,- The Comin
of
\Var, 33.5,-The union, 3.37,-The Rebellion,
339; GARRISOX, At the Thirty-Second Anni-
\""ersary of the Amer. Anti-S. S., 6: 228,-
Plea for its Di",",olution, 229; HA"'IILTO
,
The Federal Constitution. 4: 113; HAYXE,
The South Carolina Doctrine, 4: 444 ;
HEXRY, In the \ïrginia Com'ention, '.5,
3: 214,-On the Return ?f the Refugees,
216; hOER"OLL, R. G., Lmcoln, 9: 108,-
Life, 110,-The Age of Faith, 112; LEE. H.,
The Father of His Country, 4: 74; LEGARÉ,
Paper )Ioney Beneficial to the Laboring
Cla!,f';es, 5: 462: LIXCOLlIõ, North and South
in lSW, 6: 470,-His GettYi'burg Speech, 483;
L.InsC::-Tox!..
. R.., To the Soeiety ofthe Cin-
cmuatI,3: 3,;) ; ){ \R:SH \LL, T. F., The Tem-
perance Pledge, 6 : 38; )1..\ YHEW, The Right-
eousness of Rebellion, 3: 74,-_\ Patriut's
Thanksgiving, 77 i XOTT, On the Death of
Hamilton, 4: 332: PAIXE, R. 1'., Jr., Eulogy
on \\"ashington, 4: 343: PAISE, 1'., :::;peeeh
in the .French Xational Convention, 3: 2:!8;
PHELPS, W. \\"., Commercial Panics, 9: liOl,
-A Bad American Type, 603, - Ireland's
"'ant,604; PHILLIPS, "-., ender the Fl:J.g,
7: 64,- Toussaint L 'Ouverture, 66; PI'lõI\:-
xEr, \\'., 81arery in a RepuLlic, 4: 1
,;
PREXTI
";, The Sons of Xew England, 6:
408: QLIXCY, J OSI \II, 3ù, The
trug-gle for
Patronage, 4: 306: R -\SDOLPH, J.. The
Slans after the Re,"olution, 4: 335.-Eng-
land and Xapoleon, 3.'36: RED JACKET,
Speech on the Indian Religion, 4 : 36: SEW-
A.RD, The Higher Law, 6: -40,-Kossuth, 43,
-The Irrepres;;.iLle Conflict, 41). - Gettvs-
burg, 51: STEPIIEX;:, A. H., The Cornèr-
Stone of the Confederacy, 7 : 162; STErE
";,
1'., The Defection of \\. ebster, 5: 2;;7.-
After Emaneipation-SufIrag'e, 25
; STORRS,
The
cholar's Courage L 7: 564,-The St
ldy
of HIstory, 11: 3D1; ISnI'lõER, The l'l"lme
against Kanf';as, 7: 6R,-Effect of Slave
Uwnership, n,-Equal Rights and rnion,
77,-Reconstruction, 77; TECU:\ISEII, Speech
to Gen. Proctor, 4: 232: ToO:\m:<, Speech
in the Senate, 6: 584; WAHREX, J.. On the
Boston )Iaf';sacre, 3: 2.')8: WEBSTER. The
Shaft at Bunker Hill, 4: 457,-1'0 the Vet-
erans of '75, 450,-lmag-inary Speech of
Adams, 4ÎJÛ,-
lurder will Out, 462,-Ham-
ilton, the Financier, 464,-Reply to Hayne's
Attack on
ew Eng-IalJll, 4ti4-467,-On
e-
cession, 467; \YILSO,,", J.z Loyalty to Law,
3: 260 i WIlIõTIIROP, J., Or LiLerty and Au-
thorit), 1: 30'3: WI'TIIROP, R. C., The
Patriot Traveller, 6: 4
),-Eulog-y of Pea-
hody, 421.-Pu:<:<es;;.ion of _-\ mer. History,
424.-The \Va",hillg-ton Xeedle, 4:!6; \YmT,
lJescriptiun of 1'. lIenry's oratory, 4: 321,
632
GENERAL rXDEX,
322,-On Adams and Jefferson, 325, - On
Burr and Blennerhassett, 3'Z7.-See, also,
Theology.
O'REILLY
JOlIN BOYLE, 10: 231-235.
"O'Heilly,
liles "(P8eUll.).-
t'eC. G. Halpine.
OUNE, CAIWLIXE FH-\,:\('E";. 8: 275-277.
OSBORN, JOH'l, 2: 361-3()().
OSGOOD, FRANCES S..UtGEXT. 7 : 130-132.
OSGOOD, KATE PeTl'oA:\[, 10: 88--89-
O";OOOD, SAMUEL, 7 : 172-173.
O:'<";OLI, SAUUI :M\HGARET FrLLER, 6: 5:30-
5
7, -.Alcott's Sunnet on, 20; Channing's
.:\IemOlrs of, 7 : 51.
OTIS. HAUIU
ON GR.\.Y. 4: 197-198.
OTIS, JUlES, 3: 113-116.
OWEI'õ. ROBEUT DALE, 6: 71-76.
PAGE, Tno:\[As KEL
OX, 11 : 106-112.
P..HXE, ROBERT THE.\.T, J("":,., 4: 341-344-
Ieetin
with )h". Cooke. Dunlap, 215. '
P AIXE, THo:\IAs, 3 : 219-:
:3(j; Barlow's Defence
of, 4: 56,- W atsoll's Description of, 154.
PALFUEY, .JoU'l nOitIlA:\[, 5: 43U--+!-2.
PAD[ER, JOlIN \rnoLl.U[SON, 8: ;!,j9-2G2.
P -\.L:\I I: R, R H, 6 : 40:
-404.
P AHKER. TIIEOIlOHE, 6: 514-520; 7 : un; 11:
37ô; Descrihell by 'Whipple, 7 : 396..
P -\.RK:\J.\.N, Fu \.NCI"", 8: U:'I-llO.
"Parley, Peter" (Pseud. ).-
ee S. G. (;oodrich.
PARSONS, ({I:OIWE FHEDERIC, 10: 70-73.
PARSOXS, '1'[1O:\o.S \VILLI.UI:'<, 7: 3I'>S-:
!12.
"Partin
tun, )lrs. "(Psend.).-See B. P. Shilla-
ber.
PARTO'l, JA:\II:S, 8: 61-72.
P..\.uLIJI:"in, J..OIE" KmKE, 4: 402-419.
"Paul, .John "(Pseud.).-Sec C. ll. Híbb.
P\.YXE. .JOHN IIo" ARD, 5: 259-2(j4.
P A' XI
, \VILLI.UI )[OItTO:\, 11 : 27:l-27.j.
PE.\.BODY, ANDREW PHE";TOX, 7: 112-1Hi.
PE \.nuDY, OLI\"EH \\"ILLLUI BOl:HXE, 5: 494-
4!15.
PEABODY, \VII,UB[ BOl'RXE OLI\'ER, 5: 493.
l
EALE, RE,muAxHT, 4: 40:!.
PECK, Thrun- TII"U";TO
, 11: 220.
PECK, S.UIUEL MI:\TlïtX. 11 : 141-142.
PElItCE, BE:-iJ UUX. 6: 50!.J-.jl1.
PE:"iU-\.LLO\V,
A:\ILEL, 2: 287-2!)Q.
., Penn, Arthur" (P
eUll.).-See B. .il[attlu:ws.
PE'N, \VILLIB[, 2: 2'2i-22!(
PEX:-JYPACKEH, I"AAC l{n"LIXG, 11 : 335-336.
PEi(C'I\' \.1., J A:\[E
GATE:', 5:3H5-3!J8.
J'EltCL (tEOIWE, 1 : 3
-al).
PElmy, (
EOHGE, 8 : 405-406.
PEi(I{Y,
OI
A 10: lOl-lOH.
Perry, Oliver Hazanl, 1't
oted Saying, 4 : 490.
PEltRY, TWHIA!i
EIWEAXT, 10: 30S-
1O.
PETCRS, PHILLIS WHEATLEY, 3 : 504-505.
PETERS, S \MUEL, 3: 206-214. .
PEfERSON, HE:,\l{y, 7: 3i8-31';0.
Petigru, .James Lewis, .J.Yoted S((!lin'l.II: 453.
Pe.\..ton, Virginia. -
ee J': P. F"ulI'ilO'oy.
PHELPS, CHARLES HENRY. 11 : 12H-125.
Phelps, Edwanl .John, Noted S"yill!l. 11 : 461.
Phelps, Eliz, S.-See Eliz. S. P.. n(ml.
Phelps, Nicholas.-See Tlte Quaker Rtition 1:
401-40:3. '
PHELPS, \VILLIA
f \VAT.TER. 9: 601-605.
PUILLII'S, \VE'lDELL, 7: 60-68; Curtis's En- I
logy on, 8 : 187,
PHILOSOPHY AND METAPHYS-
ICS.-ANDREWS. Cniver:,;ology, 7: 155 ;
BERKELEY, G., The Ideal Phil()
ophy, 2:
323,-Greatness of Plato and. the .Aneient
Schools, 327; CL"RTI"", G. '1'.,
Ian's Two
Existences, 7: 158; DEXXIE, French Phi-
losophy, 4: 249; EDWAUDS, That .Material
Existence is Merely Ideal, 2: 376 -A Self-
Trained Berkeleian, 377, - Lapl
ce Antici-
patel1, 379,-Freedom of the Will 401-
"'hether any Event, or Y olition, ca
CO
1e
to pass without a Cause, 404; FISKE Im-
I'Jlortality the Logica] Outcome of E
'o]n-
tion, 10: 140; FRANKLIN, Reflections, 3 : 40;
FROTIIINGIU "\1, O. H., Transcendenta1isIll
8:
9,-The Kew Faith, 32; HAHHIS, \V. '1'.:
T!le P
rsona1itJ: of God, 9: 332; STONE, S.,
\\ hy Socrates IS not Plato, nor Plato Soc-
rates, 1: 272; \VAYL-\.ND, The Philosophy
of Analogy, 5: 446; WII'õTHROP, J., Of Lib-
erty and Anthority, 1: 302.-
ee, also, The-
ology.
"Phænh., John" (Pseud:).-See G. H. IJerby.
PI -\.TT, .JOIIN JA:\IES, 9: 239-245.
PIATT, SAItAH )[UHtTAN BIty -\.N, 9: 401-40i.
PICKEHlXG, TnIOTIIY,4: 17-21; Adams's Let-
ter to, 3 : 204.
PIERPONT. JOliN, 5 : 91-9i; 11: 451.
PIKE, ALilEI{T, 6: 4
6-400; 8: 365.
PILCH, .FREDERICI\: II EXItY, 10: H31-lô5.
PinckI
eJ', Charles Cotes wurth, .J..Yoted Saying,
4: 4.KJ.
PI
I
I'õEl, EDWARD COATE, 6: 99-100.
PIl\;I
NEY,
IXIAX, 4: 484---4::3û.
PIl\;K:"iEY, ""11.1.1.-\.:\[,4: 1:-;7-1SfI.
PLDII'TOX, FLOUFS BEAUD"LEY, 8 : 467.
PUE, ED(T-\.R ALLAf\, 6: 42!J-469,-.:\lrs. Whit-
mall's Pocm aIill Ci'iticism on, 215 216; Gris-
wold's CharacteI"Ïzatioll of 7: '287' :Stod-
dard's Dirge for, 8: 228.' ,
POETRY.
Abraham "Lincoln (" Commemoration
Odc '.)..................... .LQ1cell, 7: 439
Ahraham Lincoln.. ,. .R. II. Studdard, 8: 229
Actor, The.... .. . .. . . .. . . . . jkollard, 11 : 2
7
Adams amI Libert.y .. .R. T. I'ai7lf', Jr., 4: ð41
Ad"1
1 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .R. H. Studdard, 8: 2:1û
Ad,"ice to a Young- La\'yer...J. Story, 4: 426
\far .. ... ... .... .... .... ... ..J.lfuuUou, 9: 254
Afeared of a (
:!l.............. .Anun., 11 : 347
After t
Burial.........,.... ..LQ1.()ell, 7: 4B6
After
\ mg"S ... . . .. .. . . . . . .
1frs. l'Ùtit, 9: 406
Ag-ed
t.ran.ger, The. . . . . . . . . . . .1[,(rte, 10: 14
A]arming Progl'ess of Luxun" in New
Eng'laÌld, The. . . . . . . . . . . . :Tomp.
on, 2: 33
Alhatross............. C. n: Studdard, 10: 220
A]
c. Dunham's Boat....... .... níbb, 9: 22;')
AI
c
.;...................... CVlI!ldulI, 7: 568
Alicia s Bonnet. . . . . .. . . . . . . . CalJazza 11: H52
AU is Each, and Each is AIL.... .A
qO': 8: ::;9
AU Quiet along the l
otolllac.E.L.Bærs, 8: 362
Aman.da's Inventory...... .Jlrs. lfowe, 7: 4
2
AmerIca.. ... ......... .... ... . Bryant, 5: 317
Amer
ca (:Kat. Hymn) _.. . .S..P Smith, 6: 394
AmerIe:! . . .. .... " .. .... .... .. Taylor, 8: 217
America (frum "Th
Culnmhiad "),
Barlow, 4: 55
America to ({reat Britain.... . .
l11ston, 4: 432
Ameriean F]ag', The........... . Drake, 5: 378
American Hero, The (a Sapphie O,le),
Kilt's, 3: 263 ,
Am.\-ntor . . . .. .... ... . . ., . ... GOt((rNJ, 2: 400
Anad.\'
mene. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. H(ek.s, 10: 3S
Ananke..... ..............F. S. Saltl("
, 10: 534-
André's Request to \Vashington. Hillis, 6: 269
Andromeda. . . . . . ... . . . . ... .. . . Roche 10. 4;W
And ""ho is She? . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chent'!J: 10 ; 4;)3
AnnaLe! Lee.................... .Rx, 6 :4G9
GE_YERAL INDEX.
633
Anne........ ..............,... .]lEese, 11 : 329
Annie in the Graveyard. .JIrs. Gilman, 5: 3+1:
Antiquity of Freedom, The. ...Bryant, 5: 320
Antony to Cleopatra........... .Lytle, 8: 312
Apart. . . .. , ., ..... .... .. .. . .J. J. Piatt, 9: 242
Apple Blossoms. . . . . . . . .. . . . . Sangster, 9: 541
As Glides the Pictured Dream,
J.
ldams, (lì45) 2: 36S
Ashhy. . . . ., .... . . . . . .J. A. TiwlllpSOIl, 8: 14()
Ashes of Roses......... ...E. Goodale, 11 : 327
As I Came Do\\n from Lebanon.
&OllI/1'([, 11 : 285
Asleep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Prcscott, 10 : 544
"
-\.o.;theCrow Flies"....... .... COile, 11 : 2
5
Atalanta.. ........ ... ..._1I. Thompso/l, 10: 231
At Gibraltar (
onnets) .... TVotJdbn'/'y, 11 : 215
At
Iar,..hfield.............. n-ilkiu.
on, 9: 140
At the Fireside....... ......,.. ..Lo/lg, 9: 5tJ8
At the Golden Gate......, ....L 'ítr/tt:d. 10 : 424
At the Hacienda..... ......... .J/iute, 10:
1
At the Party....... .
11r.
. Phelps Hard, 10 : 251
At the Piano....... .....l[l's. GrPt1t {(tJh{ts, 10: 3/)3
At the Press of Laurentius, E.N. Smith, 4: 801
At \"" espers (Translation frum
\ bélard)
D1lffi 'hi, 10: :.!O!cl
Autograph, An........ .. .. .. n"hittier, 6: 387
Autumn Evening, The,
Hr. B. O. Prabody, 5: 4f13
Autumn Yiolet, An, Mrl'.. 1'11/7]>8 H"anl, 10 : 2-U
A\\ay Down in Sunbury. . (Shll'e Souy), 8: 2üU
Babyhood (from ., BitteI'-Sweet ").
Hollaltd, 7: 4ì9
Bacchus........ .... ....... .SIIC1'/llfllt, 11 : 2!16
Ballad of the Colors. The. . . . . . E/I!Jlish, 7: 405
Ballad ofthe French Fleet, LO/lffJilltJw, 6: :120
Baltimore Bird, The....... ...t.. H"ilsou, 4: 2"22
Baud in the Pines, The.. ..J. E. Cooke, 8: 47'5
Banjo, The................. ...RIl,
"dl, 11 : 104
Bauller of the Jew, The..... ..Ltlzarns, 10 : 4!1
Barbara Frietchie.. . . .. .. .. .. H7tittit:1', 6: 3ì 4
Barclay of Cry.......,. ..... . H7tittiCI', 6: 358
Barefuot Boy, The..... .... .. Whitlh1', 6: ;jfj5
Barney's \ïctory (Ballad)... . Frt:lleau, 3: 44f1
Baron'sLa5tBanquet, The,.!. G. Gnf'/le, 6: 120
Bartimeus.................. .Blll'dette, 10 : 2.5
.Battle Cry of FreeJ.ulll, The (Song).
Root, 8: 31).!
Battle-Field, The ........... . Bryan t, 5: 314
Battle-Ilynm of the Hepllhlic ("at.
Hymn)...,.............. .Ilrs. Ilowe, 7: WO
Battle of the Keg::, (Ballall I,
F Hopkinson, 3: 2H
Battle of Trenton (Ballall I. . . . .AIIUII., 3: 34H
Bay Psalm Book. P!'allll
fmlll,
lIIathn', Wddl. w,d Eliot, 1: 211
Bedouin Song. ,............... Tuylol', 8: 2m
Beer. . . ... .... ......... . . . . . . AI'lIold, 9: 1:)3
Before the Gate. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .llllll'l:ll.
, 9: 4
12
BeholJ. a \Voman ! .. . . . . H
lHlitlllall, 7: 511
Bells of L) nn, The........ .Lo/l.'lfìllvll', 6: 316
Bergamot, The. . . . .. . . .. . .. . . ilarney, 8: 582
Bernadine J.u Born. . . . . . . . . Si.'lOllr/ley, 5: 240
Hertha.. .. '" ......... .4.lIIle J\"ltillll y, 7: 5:30
Be;::o;ie Brown, )I.D...... .S. Jf. Bek, 11 : HI
Bethel. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DII!Jall1t', 8: 1:>.')
Betsey anJ.I Are Out......... CIl/'l,ton, 10: :311
B
t'Yeen t
e I:ig
ts............ .Ff/an, 11 : .
H!bhomamac s I rayer, The., .E. held, 10: 616
BIrch-Tree, The.... ....... .. . . Low, a, 7: 413
Bird inmyBower,_\ (
ong) . nï'liflm.
, 10: 2.m
Birds....,..,...., .. . .R. II. Stoddard, 8: 2
7
BirJ.s, the Beasts. and the Bat. The.
F. lIlIpkill,
OIl, 3: 247
Bi"ouac of the Dead. The. . . ., U'lIMa, 7;;).1.8
Black Re
iment, The. . . ...., . . Boker, 8: 116
Blind Louise. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .Dewey, 7: 4W:
Blue and the Gray, The... .. .. .. }f'ineh, 8: :.H1
Blue-BearJ.'s Closet.. .,.. .Mr.
. Cookf, 8: :J24
Bluebird, The.. .. .. . . . .M. TI1011IpSUIl, 10 : 226
Boat Song. .......... .. ..(Slm'e Sullg), 8: 269
Boat Sung................... .Dorgl/1
, 9: 433
Bobolink. The.... .... .... .. , . T. Hill, 7: 3.0
Bobolinks, The....... . . . . . . . . Cralleh, 7: 2
2
"Bois ton sang-, Beaumanoir!" O
qood, 7: 131
Bold Hawthúme(BallaJ.) ..... ..AIIOII., 3: 35
Bonaparte anJ. Xel!'un ......The Echv, 3 :427
Bonnie Blue Flag, The (Song-).
McCw.thy, 8: 368
Bookstall, The... ........... Scullard, 11 : 2
Bookworm, The..........,...., Tyler, 4: 105
Bos'n Hill..................... . A 100:, 9: 4(3
"Boy, Shut to the Door" (Song).
Ul[tfto7l, 4: 312
Brahma .. .. . . . . ... . .. . . . .... . Emerson, 6: 161
BraYe Old Ship, The Orient, The
R. T, S. Low,ll, 7: 311
Brieftt:"s Barrister, The.... .... . .Sare, 7: 3
2
Bright Sparkles in De Churchyal'll.
(Slave Jll(lley), 8: 266
Bro\\ n Thrush, The......,. Gljlla[Jltl!l', 6:-102
Bucket, The (Song) .. . . . .. 'Woodæorth, 5: 101
Bugle. The................... .
11rllell, 5: 503
Bumule-Bee. .... ..... .... H. ..t... Bens, 10 : 379
Bunker HilL.... ... .... .B. F. Taylor, 8: 4
Bunker's Hill . . . . . . . . . . .Br'lckl/11'idge, 3: 3'!}
Burden of the Dc!'ert, The.... .Si1llm,
, 6: 2.6
Burning of Fairfield, The.. .. . .DIl'(qht, 3: 4"1
Burns....................... .Jlalleck, 5: 218
But Once. . . ........, .... T. Hìutltrllp, 9: 13
"Call .\ll ".. . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . Anoll.. 8: 3f,ô
Calumny. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. O,o;,qood. 7: 130
Captaiu'::, Feather, The... .S. J1. Peck, 11: 142
Capture of the" Guerriere " (Ballad I,
A 1II,n.. 5: 105
Carmen Bellicosum..... ... .Ne .1/<I.,t, r, 8: 432
Casey's Table d' HÙte .... ... .E. Field, 10: fi14
Canllry Sung. . . .. ........ .RaYlllolI(i, 11 : :336
Celestial Pa
sion. The, . . . . .. . Gild, r. 10 :
;)5
Cenotaph, The (Sonnet)..... . Jf,'Kay, 11 : :t39
Centennial Hymn... . . . . . . . .. H7tittia, 6: :
:-'fj
Challenge. The. . . " ..... ....0' B/'i f ll, 8: 3!17
ChamhereJ. Xautilu
, The.... . Holl1l(,s, 7: 29
Chang-elin.g
The............. TJ7tittiu. 6: 3
1
Channing (
Olmet).. .. .... ,'1.B. Alcott, 6: In
Chantin,!! Cherubs, The. .R.. II. Dalla. 5: 1
Charleston (;als. . . . . . . , . . (-"lm'p Sou{J). 8: 2m
Chal"lie's
torr. ...,... ..1{. C {'[ark, 11 : 3413
Chaucer (Sonnet). .. . . . . .. . LUII{Jfcllo/ I ', 6: :
2H
Chauccr (Sonnet).... ...,... J, 1t1tÏ,
nn, 10: !j.2
Chez Brébant .. . . . . . .. . . ., . . IfllI'ii'Off', 7: 2,')2
Chilll in the
trcet. The.. . .J. J. Piatt, 9::!45
Child Shall Lead Them, A (Sonnet I.
A.lden, 9: 4m
Children, The.. ... ..... ,., .Dickilt,,01L, 10 : 12!1
Chilù's Grave. A ............. . Jeu'l tt, 10 : ;)18
Chimes of En!!lam1. The.. . .... . . rOXf'. 7: :\fi.
Chimnc,) Xe!'t, The. ..... .J1. B. Dod!le. 8: 5(1)
Choose.................... Lippincott. 8: !Ii!
Christma:o; Carol, A....... .. . ]/i.llnIll1. 7: 4"'!1
Chrbtmas H
mn.. . . . . . .. .. .Fiap"ut, 5: !14
Christllla:o; II nnn.
\. . . . . . . . . . " (: iltl. r. 10 : 2;);)
C:hr!stma!'
ight of '62. . . . . . . ._lft'
'lIb,. 10 : !?
Chnstma"
ong . . . .. .......... .'XII/".'. 6: ;:J;
,
Chri,;.tmas Time.......... ... .Fe.
tetit.
, 9; ..J.-;.
Chrysaor.... .... ....... ., . Lo1t!IT'ellow, 6: 201J
Church l"niversal, The (JI
llln).
S. L01I!IT; llm l ', 7: W:1
Cinùerella. . . . . . . . . .. ..D. R. G'jodale. 11 : S:
'3
634
GENER41L INDEX.
City in the Sea, The... . . .. .,... .Ibe, 6: 455
City of God, The (Hymn), S. Johnsoll, 8: 61
Clement. . . . , .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. HOlt'ells, 9: 4::;5
Cleopatra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Story, 7: 455
Cleopatra... ......... ..... .R. JIurris, 11 :
40
Climbing to Rest.., . . . . . .. .. Larcom, 8: 305
Closing
cene, The. . . . . . . . . . . . .Rald, 8: 31
Clouds, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. CI'USIt'ell, 6: 218
Cocoa-Tree, The. . . . . .. C. Jr. Stoddard, 10 : 221
Colossi, The........,...... ..Appletun, 7: 15i
Columbia (
at. Song) ... .. . T. DwigM, 3: 4s0
Columbus... ....... .... .. .Sigúurllf:!I, 5: 248
Combat of Lars and Per, The. ..Taylor, 8: 218
Come Back.. .. . . . . .. .. ..... . .HI:/'bert, 6: 331
Coming ofthe Spring, The. ..X PC1TY, 10 : 103
Common Sense............J. T. Fields, 7: 309
Communion...... ..,........... Gray, 9 :440
Concord Hymn. ............ .Enlf./'son, 6: 158
Congress, The (Tory Song).. . . .A.non., 3: 3.5;
Conquered Banner, The.... ... . Rylttl, 9: 509
Consolatory Poem, to C, )[ather t _
'oyes, 2: 20G
Constance.... .... .... ..... ...
JlllteJ', 9: 35.5
Contemplations. . . . . . . . . ...B/"a(Mrf.et, 1: 314
Contented :Man, The. .J. AdW/lS (1 i45), 2: 36G
Coral Grove, The. . . . . . . . . . . . .Percival, :): 395
Cotton Boll, The............. Timrod, 8: 408
Cotton-Field Song..... ... .... ..&llaw, 10: 159
Counsel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. E. _lL Davis, 11 : 342
Country Lovers, The...... ..Fes.senden, 4: 2H3
Country)Ieetingl.. The. . . . T. C. James, 4: !
9
Country Parson, The.. . . .. ..R rfJuson, 2: DOO
Country Road, A (Sonnet),.i.lbmkittrick, 11 : 353
Country School, The.......... ..Ãlwn., 4: 121
Countrywoman of }Iine, 4\' E. Goodale, 11 : R28
Courtin', The (" Biglow Papers"),
ÝJII'ell, 7: 420
Cowboy, The...............AJdrobus, 8 :555
Cranes of Ibycus, The (Sonnet),
Lazw'US, 10 : 493
Crossed SwordF:. The.,. .1 l rotltil/!jlwJII, 5: 285
CroF:s of Gold, The.......... .... Gmy, 9: 43
1
Crowing of the Red Cock, The,Lazarus, 10 : 49:-3
Crown, The (Hymn).... ... .R. Rtlmel', 6: 404
Cry unto the Lonl, Å. . . . . ,E. Juhll.
on, 1: 3
1
Culprit Fay, The... ........... .DI'a 1 æ, 5: 363
Cumberland, The......... . LO/lfJ.Jèllol/, 6: 314
Curse of the Competent, The... .FIIIII, 4: 443
Daisy....... . ......... ... ..E. 1TiITI'ell. 11 : 342
Dance, The (Rev'y Ballad).... .Auoll., 3: 356
Dancing Girl, A . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . UðgOOtl,. 7 : 130
Dandelions.. .. .. . . .. .. ... '" . . .Albæ, 9: 45
Daniel Gray.. . .. . . .. . .. . . .. .
lIolla/ld, 7: 4t\3
Dan'sWife.................... n-oud.
, 11 :344
Danza, The.... .... .... .... ..1. Batus, 10: 5.6
Darby and Joan.......... .J/uwywood, 4: In5
Daughter of )Iendoza.........LllInm., 5 :4.8
Day of Doom, The...... nï!l!J7uw'urth, 2: 3
Days....................... . EmU"soll, 6: 154
Days of Grogram Grandames, The,
Will. Irl'Ïlig, 4: 228
Days uf my Youth. . . . . . . . . . . . Tuck{ 1', 3: 444
Deall, The (Sonnet). . .. . . .. .. . .. J'uy, 7: 218
Deall Butterfly,
\.. . . . . . .... . . Fau'Cl:tt, 10 : 414
Dead Doll, The.. . . . . . . ...Jl. T. Jall//iel', 10 : 303
Dead )Ian, A. . . . . .. ..:.....0' Reilly, 10 :
'34
Dead )Ioon. The.......... .Dandl'hl!J'" 11 : 275
Dead Solomol1, The.. . ...... . .1Jo/"fjall, 9: 431
Death-Bed, A.. . . .... .... ..J. Ahl1'ich, 6: 513
Death uf
\ltheëtor (From" ZóphiëJ."),
B/'wks, 5 351
Death of an Infant....... . .SifJ{IIlrwy, :)
4
Death of ('hililren, The. .J. Q. Adan,s, 4 23.5
Death ofthe Flowers, The.... .B,'ywtl, 5 312
Death of the 'White Heron, The,
JI. Thon
)son, 10:225
Death of ""inter, The,.. .R. B. TVU.son, 10: 5.")3
Death of 'Volfe, The.......... . Anon., 2: 471
Death's Epitaph...,........ . Freneau, 3: 451
Decoration (
at. Ode).... ..lIi[J.f}il/sol1, 8: 1
5
Democracy. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . Od.ell, 3: 218
De Profundis............ ....... .Lea, 8:
45
Derelict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cavazza, 11 : 166
Desecration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fiilder, 10 :
i)8
De Sheepfol'.... ....ll1-s.
[cLean Greene, 11 :
SI
Desires (Hymn). ....... ..J.1frs. Kil/ney, 6: 531
Despondency................ 4{. Bates, 11 : 343
Dies Iræ (Translation) ., . . . . . . . . Cules, 7: 182
Dirge. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .Ea.
tlllall, 7:
tl8
Dirge. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '" . Cllllit:Y, 10 : 454
Dirge for a
oldier............ .Boker, 8: 118
Dirg-e for One who Fell in Battle,
Pal's(YIls, 7: 300
Dirge for the Tenth )hu:e.. . .J. Nul"ion, 2: 46
Disarmed.................... .&ariu!), 10: 43
DÜ.enchantment of Death..... Cau'ein, 11 : 330
Dithyramùic on Wine, A... ., GodJi'ey, 2: 493
Ditty, A..................... .K'lapp, 11 : 348
D
Y
ll1, The........... .R. H. Stoddtl!'d, 8:
.!
DIxIe.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . - .. PIke, 8: vI);>
Dixie...................... .JIcGafll'Y, 11 : 312
Done For. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..lIrs. C\Joke, 8: 3
6
Dorothy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....1ITS. Lathrop, 11: 43
Dorothy Q., A Family Portrait, Ilulnæs, 7: 31
Down 1...................... .Bl'Owl/ell, 7: 555
Down the Bayou..... . 1111's. TOI/l1/,
Uld, 9: 24
Draught, The.. .. . . .. . . . . . . . ..Liiders, 11 : 2ß1
Dream, A .............. ...11. lC Shinn, 11 :".371
Dreaming in the Trenches... ...lIcCabe, 10: 108
Dream of Death, A......... .Jennil'o{)lI, 10: 572
Dream of the South "'"inds, A, Hayne, 8: 402
Dreams.................... .McGtlJJr'y, 11 : 311
Dream, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frisbie , 4: 4m
Drifting- . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .Read. 8: 34
Dri.ing Home the Cows, K. P. O"
.'Joo(l, 10:
8
Drowned )[ariner, The,
.lIrs. Oakes Smith, 6: 277
Dunce'sRefuge, The.. ... ... TrltJ/lb1tll, 3: 403
Dutch Lullaùy . ......... ... .E. Fhld, 10: ül3
D.ying'
\rl'hangel, The........ Fawcdt, 10: 412
Eagle's Fall, The.... . . . . . . .. Whiting, 10 : 1.1
Easter Bridal ::5ung..... ....... ..Cary, 7: ;-)
g
Ehb.................. ........ .Baxtu', 8: 543
Ebb and Flow.. . . . .. . . . . . " ... Cm'ti:.., 8: 1!1l
Ebo. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gordon, 11 : 200
Eclipse of Faith, The.. . . T. D. nõolst!l. 11 : 375
Edith... ......... lV. E. Chwwi1'g, 2d, 7: 377
Eg
"ptian Serenade. . . . . ., ..... C1.tl'ti,
, 8: l
i
Elegv.. ............. ... ... ....lIan.'fidd, 7: 3m
Elegy on a::5hell-TheXautilus,
Jlitchill, 4: 193
Elegy on the Death of Thomas
hep-
anI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OalÜ's, 2: 36
Elf-Child, The................ Riley, 11 : 130
Elsinore. . . . . . . .. .............. CUlle, 11 : 2
4
Emerson (Sonnet)....... .A. E. Alcott, 6: 20
Empt) Heart, An......... . . . . TJ'inter, 9: 356
Enamoured Architect of
\Ìl'
' Rhyme,
(8onnet) . . . . . .. . . . . .. T. B. Aldrich, 9: 385
EIHlymion. . . . . . . . . .. ..... LO/l!JJèllow, 6:
87
Enfohlings............. ....l/. J1. Dodge, 9: 577
England (Sunnet).. . . ... .,. . . ... Day, 11 : 358
Epigmms.. .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .J. A7drieh, 6: 513
Epigrams. . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . ... ..Lli!l..'ell, 7: 44.,
Epilogne to Cato ....... .J. J.11. S,'Wall, 3: 3::;7
Epilogue to " The Clergnnan'5 DauQ"h-
ter"...... . . ... . .... .R. T. Paille, Jr., 4: 3!4
Epitaph fur Bratldoek. . . ..- Tilden, 2: 471
GENERAL L..YDEX,
Epitaph for Sara and Roland Cotton,
Cotton, 1: 253
Epitaphs on
at. Bacon.,..... .Amm., 1:
456,457
Epithalamium............. . Brainard, :): 4-12
Es"oay upon the )Iicroscope, Au, AUUiS, 2: 425
Ethiopia Saluting the Colors....
IV.IVllitman, 7: 510
Eutaw Springs. . . . . . ., .. . .. Freman, 3: 4-18
.. Evangeline," Scenes from,Lo1tfllelll./lI', 6:
295,291
Eyening .. . . . ... ,.. .. . . . . . .. . .Doane, :): 481
Evening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hildreth. 11 : 235
E\'ening at the Farm.. .. . .. TI'ou'brid!Je, 8: 359
Evening Revery, Ân. . . . .. .... Blymtt, :): 316
Evensong. , . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . CheulY. 10 : 454
Eventide.............. .D. R. Guodale. 11 : 383
EveryYear............. ........Pikt'. 6:489
En"s Daughter................. .Siìl, 10: 9
Exile at Rest, The.......,. ...Ikrpont, :): 95
Fable, _\ (Tory Ballad) ........ AllOn., 3: 353
Faction.......... ...... The ...1uarclÛad, 3: 422
Fairy Glee, A. . . . . . . .. . ..... E. Field, 10 : {)IS
Faith (Hymn)............. .R.PulrMI', 6: 403
Family Blood, The.. . . . . . , .. Cleveland, 3: 304
Family )Ieeting, The, .. . . .. . .Spragne, :): 239
Fancy Shot, The............. .fiJlanly, 8: 3tH
Fantasia. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .Sp<.!tJìJ/'d, 9: 285
Farewell,A..,...............lJe rUt, 10: 68
Farm Fruits.. . . , . . . .. . .. . . .. . Liidu's. 11 : 263
Farragut.................. ..JIen'dith, 11 : 334
Fate of JOhllBurgoyne, The (Ballad),
Anon.,
Fate, or GOII ? (Sonnet). . . . . . . . HaYlle,
Father _\hhe:}'s Will....... ...&rCl/mb,
Fiction. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . Spra[jlte,
First Christmas in X ew England, The,
lJlltte1"ll'ol'ih, 9: 605
First Cricket, The. . . . . . . . . . . ..IlollH:lls, 9: ,")u5
First Snow-Fall, The.,....... ..Eowdl, 7: 434
First Step, The tSonnet) . . . .. .Saxtoll, 11 : 345
Fisher's Boy, The.... .... .... Thore,lU, 7: 327
Flight from the Convent. . . . . . Tiltol/, 9: 312
Flight of the War-Eagle, The (Son-
net) ..... ................ .AU/"il/gel', 10: 510
Flight of Youth, The. .R.Il. StO<.ldal'd, 8: 2'
Florence Vane............r. P. Cooke, 7: 2m
Flo\\ er and Thorn. . . . . . T. B. AM ricli, 9: 377
Flower-Seller, The... . . . . . . . . . rOlwg. 10 : 3iO
Flown Soul, The.. ..... G. r. Lallu'oj), 11: 41
Flute, A.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .E.
ll. Th1mws, 11 : l:Jû
Foo!"s Prayer, The.............. . Sill, 10: 97
For an Autograph........... ..Lov:ell, 7: 433
For an Old Poet.. . . . . . . . . .. . . BIt/I11(/", 11 : 100
Forhearance... .. .. .. .. . . .. . . EI1lerst/l1, 6: 153
For Charlie's Sake......J. 11". Palmel', 8: 261
For Divine Strength (Hymn).
S. J()lmson, 11 : 358
Forerunners.. .. ,... ...... . . Emerson, 6: 144
Fore"t Hymn, _-\... .... .. .. ... . Bi'Y'Wt, :): 3O
For Ronald in His Grave. . .. Wltitin[j, 10 : 1 iV
Fur Saynte Yalentyne, His Daye,
,.,humal/, 11 : 296
Free America (Rev. Ballad). J. Wan'w, 3::!5ü
Friendship after Love (Sonnet).
.JIt-s. Wilcox, 10 : 336
'From "
\rizonian " . . . . . . . . . . . .J[iller, 10: 80
" Fryehurg," Stanzas from,
IL B. Caq)(,l/ter, 10: 63
}'ug-itive Slave's Apostrophe to the
);orth Star, The.... ... ... ,Pi rpont, :) \r
Garden at Bemerton. The.. . . . . . Hle.
t', 11 3.'<<1
(.arfield (
onnet)... ..E. B. CW1JUlter,10 m
Garrbon (::;onnet) .. . . . . ....1. B. Alcutt, 6
l
3 :350
8 :464
2 :35
:) :238
635
Geronimo...... ..,... , ,... .
cGa,tfe:y, 11 : 311
Gettysburg, At......... .fumypacker, 11 : 335
Gift of Poetry, The.... ..... ..N. IVaI'd, 1: 280
God Keep You. . . .. .. .... ... .De Vere, 10: t>9
God Save the
ation (
at. Hymn),
Tilton, 9: 311
Good Sight.... . .. ... .. .. .. Goodrich, :): 297
Good-Xight........... ...Mrs. Hlld,
ol/, 9: 609
Grant-D
ing............. .Harbaugh, 10: 5
Grave in Hollywood Cemetery, A,
Mrs. Preston, 8: 254
Grave of Rose, The.....,.. .J. J. Piatt, 9: 244
Graves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F. S. Saltll.
, 10 : 53:3
Gray Swan, The..... ..... ... ... Cary, 7: 528
Great
ame. .\ (
onnet),.. . Benjamin, 6: 420
Grig
sby's Station............ ..Ril(flj, 11 : 131
Grizzly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hm.te. 10: :3
Guest, The........... ...... . Kimball, 9: 193
Guido's Aurora.........,... ..Parsolls, 7: 3ö8
Guild's Signal... .. ........ ... . Harte, 10: 21
Gulf-Stream........... .S. C. Woolsey, 9: 601
Gnlf-\\.eed....................Fellntr, 8: 76
Habeas Corpus.........H. F. Jack80n, 8: 511
Hail, Columbia
(Xat. Song).
J. Hopkinsoll, 4: 259
Hans Breitmann's Bart
....... Ldand, 8: 196
Harvest-Call. The..... Tr. H. Burleigh, 7: 170
Hasty Pudding. The..... ... .Barlow, 4: 46
Haunted Palace, The... . . . . . . . . . .!be, 6: 43t)
Hawthorne............ . .. .L01Iflfel/fiU', 6: 313
Health, A ................ ...Pink1U!y, 6: 99
Hearing the
ews in Idaho,
G. H. Phelps, 11 : 124
Heart's Song. The.. . . . . .. . . .. . . Cif.rÆ, 7: 3H
Heaven, 0 Lord, I cannot Lose,
Proctor, 9: 569
Hebe......................... . Lowell, 7: 411
Heliotrope.............. ..II. T. B'ck, 11 : 229
He )Iay Go-If HeCan........ O'
rJood, 7: 131
Hero ofthe Commnne.. . . J[rs. Preston. 8: 258
Hh;her Good, The (Sonnet). . . . RtrkU", 6: 5:!0
Hilda. . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. '" Chemy. 10 : 4.'14
IIillla's Little Hood.......... . Boyescn. 10:-lii4
His Battles U'er Again.. . . .Hwllphre1j.
, 3: 4UO
His
lother's J 0\- . . . . . .. . . . " Chadwick. 10: H5
His Share and )IÌne . . . . . . . . Mrs. Piatt, 9: 405
"Hoc Erat in Yotis"......... .DQ/lne, 5: -!1'\
Home, 8\\ eet Home! (Song). . . ..Pay"t', :): 2;)t)
Hopefully "'aiting-... . Fitz-Ral/dofph, 7: 525
Hour of Peaceful Rest, The (Hymn).
Tap[1a11. 11 : 359
House of Death. The........ .J.lfnulton, 9: U.,
How He Saved ::5t.
lichael"s.
llrs. Stallsbury, 10 : 137
Hugh Latimer............ H.A. B(lr.
. 10: 3i9
Humble-Bee, The....... . . .. .Em "'.s01/., 6: 139
Hundredth AnnÏ\-erf'ary uf the French
Revulution (8ollllet)..... nil(l(lbelTY, 11 : 217
H
mn of Force. The.... Jr. R. Thayer, 11 : 2S2
Hymn to the Star;;... O. n: B. Rabor/y, :): 4
14
II
mn 'Vritten During a Yo
a!;c. Byles. 2: 432
" I am the Spirit of tiie
Iornin!; Sea"
(Ode). . . . .. . . . . . ... .. . . .. .. ... Gil(ltr, 10 : 2;)tj
Ichaboll. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. ... Whittiel', 6: 3tH
"I Count mv Time bv Times that I
)Icet Thee h (Sonnet).. .. .. . . r.ildu, 10 253
Ideals....................... lra.ssol1, 8 IH1
Illentity. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . T. B. tidrich, 9 BS4
If Death be Final (Sonnet).... Cml1ch, 7 2
4
If I Should Die To-night. .B. E. Smith, 11 3ag
" If on the clustering curl" of thy dark
hair" (8ollnct)... -... .... .. .Itircival, :) :
OO
Immortality... ............. . All.stlm, 4 4:34
Implora Pace.. ........ .... . Hildreth, 11
35
636
GENERAL I.1.YIJEX.
In a Copy of Omar Khayyám, , .LOII'ell, 7: 447
In All,
lyself ..., .. . , . ., Jr. n7titman, 7: 503
In Arabia.. . . ., .... " ... . . . . . . .Rusel, 11 : 222
Inaugural Address. . , . . . . . . . The Echo, 3: 426
In datGreat t
ittiu-(;"p .M:omin',
(Slavc Song), 8: 267
In de )Iornin'........... .(Slave&JII,q), 8: 2ü5
Independence Day. . . . . . .. .. . . . Tylll", 4: 98
Indian Beauty,
\n.......... . .Jl)ð.sdY1L, 1: 427
Indian Burying-GruUllll,The. PI'C'JteaU, 3: 452
Indian Pipe.. ............. E. Goudale, 11 : 327
In Exitu.. .............. .... .I'UCiVtll, 5: 3!)8
In Explanation............. . Lermwd, 10: 425
Iu Haruur.... ................ " . If, '!II/e, 8: 46:>
In Praise of I.au relled \\" omen. , . Liun, 4: ;
;)8
In Praise of .Mastel' St.one. . . . . . Cotton, 1: 272
In Praise of Mistress Bradstreet,
N. TVla'd, 1: 285
In Praise of the Renowned Cotton
Mather.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Tompson, 2: 3.'>
In Rama. .. ...... .... G. Á. Towll.
l'l/d, 10: 7
In ::5aint Joseph's(Sonnet)... .l'tll'.son.ç, 7: :UIl
In ::5chool-Days... .. ....... Whittiu', 6: 31'14
Iuscription on a Soldiers' Monument,
AlId l l".ço1L, 11 : 3
6
Inscriptions. . . . .. . . .. ... TV: IVhitnutn, 7: 501
In
orrow's Hour...... ....,.. . Ree.çe, 11 : 32!J
In State. . . . , . . .... . . ..,.. . . " "Hill.son, 9: 458
Interpret.ation.... ............. . Rea{t; 9: 188
In the Battle................... .J..Yoble, 10: 31!J
In the Cellar (From" Bitter-Sweet"),
Hollf/1Ld, 7: 41'0
In the Dark..,.............. B/I.
lllllll, 9: H)8
In the Dark........... .R. U. Joh1L.
ou, 11 : 117
In the Fieilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " Wolcott, 2: 321
In the Old Churchyard at Fredericks-
uurg-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lo/"ing, 10 : 472
In the Prisun Pen.... .. .. .. . . Jlel1Jille, 7: 478
Inthe8lanto'the Sun, A. TV.elllpenta, 10: 53
" In the
umllier Even" (Ballad),
bpqffl)/"d, 9: 28;)
In the TunneL...., ......... " . Hade, 10: 4
In the Twilig-ht...,. ......... . . Eowdl, 7: 437
In Time to Come,.......... . 1110u1tol/, 9: 2;;4
In Tropic Rains.. .. .. ., . . . ... O'Reilly, 10 : 2:32
Israfel ..... .... .... .... .... .. .. .. RJC, 6: 448
It is not Death to Die (Hymn), Btiltluu', 6: 2:Jl
JtSnows.................. .JI,'s. Halc, 5: 434
I've Heard in Old Times (
onl!:),
J. Stll1/ðbltt'y, 3: 180
I Would not Live Alway(H \""IIIII),
1IIultlwber,q, 5: 443
J aCfJueline .. . . .. .. ,. .. , . .. ,. . . . bille, 8: 313
Jeannie Marsh (Song)........ ..J.tlor/"is, 6: 78
Jerry an'
[e ............... ..H. Rich, 8: !ii':3
John Brown's Body,
(Unio'n A1my Chorus), 8: 361
John Pelham.. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . Randall, 9: 598
Joy. Shipmate, Joy!.... n
Whitman, 7: 513
Jug.urtha.... ...... .... ... . Lo7lgjèllow, 6: 323
J nnc. . .. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bryant, 5: 310
Keenan's Charge. , . .. G. P. Eat!imp, 11: 33
Kev-:\"ote, The..,. .......,. .BradlC1J, 9: 327
Killg in Egypt, A. . . . . . . . . . H./fc!iewl1t, 11 : 3;)6
King-, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hild/'eth, 11 : 234
Kit Carson's Rille............ .J..1Jilla, 10: 82
Kuee-Deep in June............ . Riley, 11 : 132
Knight Falstaff (Sonnet) ..... Guil/ey, 11 : 307
Lady'" ent\\ orth. . . . . . . . . . LOll!!fèllow. 6: 317
Lad,' Yeardley'8 Guest. ..Mrs. PI'e.
to1L, 8: 255
LaGrisette....................Holmcs, 7: 4
Lament, A.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .A. litltes, 10 : 577
Lamentatiun for Old Tenor Currency,
J. Green. 2: 433
J.ament of a
[ocking-Bird... .KPmble, 11 : 34!J
Land of Dreams, The (8onnet),.J.llann, 11 : 3:
j'
Large Hearts of Heroes, The,
W. WlIitman, 7: 504
I
argess (Sonnet). . . . .. . . .. . Nrs.Butta, 7: 5:!:J
I.ast Üt'sar, The.... . . . . T. JJ. Aldrich, 9: ;;91)
I
ast Fnrrow, The...,.... ......lft.trkhmn, 11 : 44.3
Last Gentian. The........... .Iìll..
o1tS, 7: 31:58
I
ast Leaf, The............... .IIolflles, 7: 5
Last Tempest, The...,........ ,Byll',
, 2: 430
Latent.......... ...... . .K. r. Oi'[Jood, 10: 1::'9
Laurence........ ....... ..R.J()hn
on, 10: 40
I.ay dis Body Down..... . (f:ilave SOli!!), 8: 2H7
Lay of Dan'l Drew............. Tlibb, 9: 228
I.eaf from Ufe, A........ .... CO?ZC1M, 7: 384
Leaves at
[y Window. . . ..J. J. Piatt, 9: 243
Leaves of (.;rass........ . Tr. n7titma1/, 7: 502
Les
Iorts Y unt -rite.. ... ... . BUll ner, 11 : 1!J6
IÆsson of Life, The.. . . . . . . .. nõlcott, 2: 319
'Letter of )[arqne, The.. . .. C. F. Orne, 8: 2.5
Let t.s Alone. . . .. ........ .Brollmell, 7: 5ã6
Liherty. . .. ................... .Hay, 9: 590
Liuerty for All (
onnet),
n: L. Garrison. 11 : 338
Uberty Tree (Sung). .. ,. .. .. 'P. Paille, 3: 2:H
Uhrary, The............... .SltemIlJ1l, 11 : 298
Life and the Heart, The. .J. '2. Adams, 4: 243
Life on the Ocean ""ave, A (
OIlg-),
Har[Jent. 7: 232
Life's Answer.......... .J1. n
Shin II, 11 : 272
Light'ood FiI'e, The (Song) . . . .Boner, 10 : 3a2
Lines to a Lad,.... . . . . . . . . . . . .Prelltice, 6: 112
Listening to .:\iu:,;ic. . . .. ... . .. . Gilder, 10: 253
Uttle Beach-Bil'(l, The....R.ll. Dalla, 5: 135
Little Brother uf the Rich, A, .J.IIartil/, 11 : 348
Little Giffen.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . Ticknor, 8: 88
Little Knight in Green, The,
K. L. Bates, 11 : 351
I
ittle Orator, The... ... T. ....11. Harri.
. 4: 247
Little People.,.... ... ... . . . .De Kay, 10 : 481
Little While I Fain ". ould Ling-er Yet,
A. ......................... . HaYl/e, 8: 464
I
Ì\ ing Temple, The.. .. .... . .1ltJlllle.
, 7: 30
Uz- Town Hnmorist, A. . . " :.. . Riley, 11 : 134
Lohengrin. . . .. ........ .S. C. HfHIlsey, 9: n08
I
oon, fhe............. ........ .St/'eet, 7: 111)
Lord Dunmore's l'etition.. . . .J.ì'III/lt1t, 3: 446
Loss.......................... ._1/0"1$1',10: 74
Lost Rattle, The.... .. . .JI/"s. Lilt/m,p, 11: 42
Lost. (;raveyard, A...... ... .J. J. rilltt, 9: 242
Lost Pleiatl, The... . . . . , . . . . . . Silllllll'o, 6: 275
Love-Knot, The.. .. ...... ., N. Rrry, 10 : 101
Lon-Letter to her Hnsband. A.
B/"(/(Mreet, 1: 312
Lover's Song, The,... .... .... ... . Sill, 10: 96
Love's Autùmn.,............ ,IIlly"e, 8: 41)3
Love's Y oun!! Dream. . . . . . . . . .BI/kll', 10 : 5:22
Luvewell's Fight (Ballad).. . .. .AUOIl., 2: :!H4
L vun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IHel'.wJ1l. 7: a78
Mag-Ilalen . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 8})l1]01"l1, 9: 272
l\Ia!!(lalell of the Dresden nallery, _\.
(Two Sonnets)........ . l1ft/f'l1ol101l.'lh, 7: 547
Maid of St. Helena, The... C. 1/. Plulpl'o, 11 : 1:2:3
)[ajorit
. The. . . . . . . . . . . . 7'. ]{olJill.
on, 9: 113
Mankind's IlighcRt " . . , W. R. TfwYC1', 11 : 281
"
[any Thing-s Thou hast Gin
n me,
DcarIIear.t" (Sonnet)..... . Rollin:;. 11: :
m
'[an.r Thonsaml Go..... ,.(Slave SOIl!J), 8: 270
.l\Iarching Thruucrh GeorU"ia (Son!!),
'"
lI'ork 8: ()Oü
)[arco Buzzaris.............. .HlIlllck; 5 216
)[argaret Fuller(Sunllet)..A. B. Alcott, 6 20
)[arguerite.. . . , . . , ... . ..,. . . ., TJ'ltittit r, 6 Rsã
.Mariette............... D, R. Goodale, 11 3::33
aENERAL INDEX.
637
)[arion )[oore (Song). .. . . .J. G. C'lm'k, 8: 4;0
)[ariposa Lily, A .... .., .M. W. Shinn, 11 : 213
)[arshes of Glynn. . ... .... ... . Lallier, 10 : 145
)[artha . . . , . . . . . . .. . . . . . .J. C. R. Dorr, 8: 246
)[a"ks. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . , T. B. Aldrich, 9: 308
Massa's in de ColJ. GrounJ. (Song-),
FlJsta, 8: 289
:Matef.:, The (from" Zúphiël"). . Br(){,J.:s, 5: 332
MauJ. )Iuller.... . . ... . .... .. H7tittier, 6: 367
)[aurice de Guérin (Sonnet). _. .ÐJan, 11: 63
MaJfiower, The........... ..Ellsworth, 8: ;2
Mol" in Kingston............... . Abbry, 10: 139
")[ay Sun Shells an Amùer Li
ht,
The" (Song).. .... ... ..... . Bryant, 5: æ2
Mazurka................... .S. nard, 7: 105
)[eeting. The............... .ràwcett, 10 : 405
MemorÍes., .. . . ., .. .... ...J. E. Cooke, 8: 415
Memories"..... ........ T. B..lldrich, 9: 3
18
Iemory.... . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. .LiidCl"s. 11 : 267
)[emoryof the Heart, The.... H<:bster, 11 : 3R7
Men Change (;Sonnet),
1í. E. Channing, 2d, 7: 3;5
)IerceJ.es..... ......... ..JfI's. Stnddanl, 8: 137
)[erlin. ... .. . .. . .. ., .. .. .. . .ElIlRrson, 6: 1;)1
)I"Fingal's Dole............ Trumbull, 3: 406
)[hlsummer :Xight.. .......... . Bona, 10: 332
Milking-Time............... . Iltll"11.ey, 8: 531
:Milton's Prayer of Patience. ...l1uwell, 6: 508
:Minnehaha, The Death of (from .. Hia-
watha ")................ LolIgjèlluw, 6: 304
)lint Julep, The.......... .. ll,
trnwlI, 6: 280
[iserrimus . . . . . . . . . . . R. II. Stoddard, 8: 228
:Mist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . .. . . . . Tboreau, 7: 328
:!\Iitlll"iJ.ates.. ... .. ......... .ElIlRrson, 6: 143
)Iocking- BirJ., Thc. . . . . . . . . . . . Laltier, 10 : 14S
:.\[onterey.. .. . .. .. .. .. . . ... .1I,!(finan, 6: 2;9
)[oorings, The......."...... .1Iarlll:y, 8: 529
)[urnin
-Glory, The..... ..1Irs. Lozl'Cll, 7: 562
:Muruing Street. The.,..... .J. J. Piatt, 9: 241
)Iors Triuml'halis ............ . Gildt:r, 10: 254
)[oseuw. '.. ... .. ...... ...... . Proctor, 9: 510
)108S Supl'licateth for the l'oe
) The,
R. 11. Dana, 5: 136
Mother
lolrgel"Y.. .. .... G. S. Budligh, 8: 24
)[ountehanks, Thc............Lüders, 11 :2ü6
)Iount Shasta................ ..J.1Iillu', 10: b,')
)Ioustache................... Gllilley, 11 : 309
)10\\ er in Ohio, The.... . . ..J. .J. P;att, 9: 239
)Ir. Bigluw to the Editul' uf the
,. Atlantic )Ionthly" (" Big-low Pa-
pers ,.)..................... .Lowell, 7: 422
:Mr. }1erry's I
alllent for" Lon
Tom,"
Bminard, 5: 443
)[uch-Loved ChilJ., The........ . Rose, 2: 344
)1usic. . ... . . ... .... .. . . . . . . . . . .Peale, 4: 40'l
)Iusic (Sonnet)....... ..E.l11. Thomas, 11 : 157
)1usic in Camp.. .....J. R. TlwlIlpðon, 8: 147
)[usic in the
ight......... .Spojf;;rd, 9: 2
)[usic of the
ight..... ........ . Neal, 5: :Kr3
)1 uf.:sel Shell, A. . . . , . . . . . . . . . Thaxter, 9::Jß8
)Iy Beads.................... ..Ryan, 9: fiOl
)[y Bird. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .Juds(m., 7: 3:)7
)I
' Child. . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . .Pi( "pout, 5: 9ô
)[y Father's Child........... ..Blúede, 10: 316
)I
LanJ.laJ.y's X ose (Song),
A.. Wilsoll. 4: 227
")Iy Life is like the Summer Ro..e."
Jrilw'. 5 Is.!
)1 \" Little GirL.., . . .. .. .. . S. ;"1. Hck. 11 14:3
)[)" Lost Youth.. . .. ...... Lonrdellow. 6 310
)[y Lm e for T1IPe doth )[an'h lil,c
ArmèJ. )[en (Sonnet)...... ..Ofldu. íO 2:)2
M
' }lar
-land (Sung) ... . .,. . Rtl1t/lt,ll, 9 ;){I(j
)Iy
,lti\"e Land....... .... .. O'Reilly, 10
l3
)Iy Old Kentucky Home, Good-:Xight
(Song) .. ........,... .... '" .r/lster, 8: 200
)Iy Other )Ie.... .......' .. . Litchfield, 11 : 345
)[y Queen.... .... ............ lIïuter, 9: s.'}.!
:My Walk to Church. . . . . . . . . .p1J1J..'ers, 8: 2
,)
X ame in the 8anJ.,
\.... . . . . .. Gould, 5: 100
Nathan Hale, The BallaJ. of .. ..tuOIt., 3: 341
Xature (Sonnet).......... . L01l!1J{llow, 6: ::l
:J
Near the Lake (Sung)....... ..Jluais, 6: 17
ebuchadnezzar,............ .RIl"
sell, 11 : 103
elly..... ........ .... .... ... .Rlls..
ell, 11 : 106
:Xelly Bly (Song) ".... ....... . Foster, 8: 2"a
X ew Castalia, the..... . _ fro II. Ward, 9: :n6
:Kew England............ ...Percival, 5: 307
K ew EnglanJ., A Recollimellllation
of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lIurrell, 1: 138
New EnglanJ. Gentleman's Epitaph,A,
DudlC1J, 1: 200
New England Preachers, The. .A.non., 1: 290
:Kew EnglanJ. Saint, .A.... Woodbrid.qe, 1 :350
ewes from Yirginia.. . .... . .R. Rich, 1: 2:3
:r-ìew Song,.A (Rev'y Ballad).. .A.llon., 3: :tiG
Xew Wife and the Old, The... Whittier, 6: 333
:Xe\\'" Year, The.............. Fleming, 11 : 12û
:Xight and Day.. . . ., ,. .. .. . . .Lanier, 10: 151
:Kight in New York.. . . . G. P. Latln'op, 11: 35
Noblesse Oblige (Sonnet),
R. C Johnson, 11 : 116
K octurne of Rubinstein, A.. ., .. Cone, 11 : 282
:Korth Shore "'atch, The (Extracts),
núodbc1"l'y, 11 :
11
o Birds that FlitùyOcean's Rim, King, 10: 4;)9
o Captain! )1) Captain! n: H7lÌtuwn, 7: 310
Oetober............... ..B. F. Taylor, 8: 47
O'er de Crossin' .. . . . . . .. . .(Sla
'e Song), 8: 2(j(;
Of Abigail, Ilis Wife. . . . . . . C. J1atflCr, 2: lü3
Of John Winthrop, Esq. . . .E. JultJ'.:.
o!l, 1: :
-1
Of I
o\"e anJ. Beauty. ..J. AdQ1Þt.
( 1 j 4;)), 2: 3ü7
Of the Fair Susan. . . . . . . . . . . ..Bleecker, 3: 4ö3
Of the Fonr Ages of )Ian. . .EI'lidstrcet, 1: 311
Of the Heavenly Bodies. .R. Hillimns, 1: 2,")1
Of the Ueverend Mr. Higgill:"ou,
E. Juhnso't, 1: ir24
Of Thine 0" n Country Sing.. lIallace, 7: 400
0lJ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .lluyt, 6: aa:i
Old Abbeys, The...... .......... COLe, 7: Slit;
01J. and 1 uung.. . . . . . , . . . . . . . Crr!1ich, 11 : ;-ml
Olù Beau, The............... . Jiì.w.JCett. 10: 412
Old Castle, An. . . . . . . . . . T. B. .-1ldrich; 9: ;
IS
OIJ. Folks at Home (Song) . .. . . Fusft r, 8: :1"8
01J. Grimes...,.....,.....L (; Grcclte, 6: I:!l
Old IrelallJ.............. W. WMtrnan, 7:;j1l
Old IroIlsides.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .Holmes, 7: 3
Old }[an and Jim, The. .. . . . . . . .Riley, 11 : 134
OIJ. }1an's Carousal, The (Song-),
Rmhlill(/, 4: 41R
Old }
an's Idyl, An.,... ....... . ReaÏf, 9: IH6
0111 Piano, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /Jtlrl', 8: 5öa
Old Ship of Zion. The, . . .. '" JÞICOfl, 11: ã3
0111
ong Reversed, An, R.H.StlJddllrd, 8: 2:
0111
tory, The.. . . , . . , .. . . . . , . j;r"dley, 9: :i:!6
Ohl8tory, The............... .Pr,,"'utt, 10:!)-!4
0111 Thoug-ht, An .., ... .,.... . Liiders, 11 : 2tiö
O'Lincoln Family, The......,. . 1"lof1.q. 11 : a:JÜ
Olivia. . ...... .......... .... . . Pollock, 8: WO
Omar Khan"ám., ..... ,.... .Shp1'T/UI1I, 11 : 29H
On a Bust ill Dante. . . .. . . . .. . .. . RIl""OIlS, 7:
9
On a lireat Poet's Obscuritv,
R." C. Julm.own, 11 : 117
On a Lad.,', Singing.... .... .. . . AnCf1t., 2: 334
On an lntagliu Head of )Iinen'a.
T. lJ. Aldrich, 9: 3R4
On a Patient Killell hy a Cam'el" Qllaek,
llopkills, 8: 414
638
GENERAL INDEX.
On a Portrait of Ser.etus (Sonnet),
Gilder, 10 : 2511
On a Travelling Speculator.. .Freneau, 3: 451
On Dr. Byles's Cat. ......... .J. Green, 2: 434
On Elijah's Translation.... " Colman, 2: 296
On General Ethan Allen.... .Hapkius, 3: 413
On Imagination.. . . . . . . . . . .. Wht'atley, 3:;)()4
On Lending a Punch-BowL.. . Holmes, 7: 13
On Life................. ..Humphreys, 3: 491
On Ustening to a Cricket. . .A. .J.Yorto7l, 5: 112
On Recrossing the Rocky:Mountains,
Fd,mout, 7: 189
On Snow-Flakes :Melting on His Lady's
Breast. . . . . . . . . . . . , .lr. N. Johnsou, 4: 305
On the Campap:na..... .
11J's. Stoddard, 8: 146
On the Death of an Infant. .. Wheatley, 3: 504
On the Death of his Son Charles,
JJ ébsto', 4: 456
On the Death of Joseph Rollman
Drake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Halleek, 5: 222
On the Defeat of a Great )[an. . . . Lord, 7: 402
On the Fly-Leaf of a Book of Old
Plays.. .............. .... ..Lean/ed, 10 : 42-1
On the late S. T. Coleridge... ..1llston, 4: 433
On the Life-)[a!<k of Abraham Lincoln
(Sonnet)........ ............ Gilda, 10 : 258
On the Prospect of Planting .Arts and
Learning in America..... ...Berkeley, 2: 2
On the Ruins of a Country Inn.
.fi'renefnl, 3: 4.')5
On the Shore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Htek.s, 10: 38
On the Trapping of a .:\Iouse . ... . Buel, 10: 597
On the Women Fortifying Boston
Xeck.....................Tompson, 2: 3.'3
Opportunity.... . .. . ,. ......... . Sill, 10: 96
Organ, The.............F. Hupkinson, 3: 240
o
oft Sprin
Airs 1...,..... .Spo.tfonl, 9: 271
Other W m'ld, The. . . . . . . . . _l1,.s. Stowe, 7: 1!4
"0 touch me not, unless thy Soul"
(Song) . . .. ..... ..J.1Irs. lJietz Clymer, 10 : 4'!i
Our Dead (Sonnet). . . . ...... .A. Bates, 10 : &)1
Our First Century (Sonnet),
Woodberry, 11 : 216
Our Orders..,.........,.. . 11I,..s. Howe, 7: 489
Our Own. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sau.qster, 9: 541
Out of the Cradle Endlessly ROl'king
(Extract). .... .... .... n
Whitman, 7: 506
o Vast Rondure! ....... W: Jrhitmnn, 7: ;")12
Painted Fan, A.. . .. . . . . . .. . ...J1oultun, 9: 248
Palabras Cariñosas. . . . . . T. B. Aldrich, 9: 3i7
Paradisi Gloria.. . . . ..... .. .. .P(/r.
ol/s, 7: 3
)2
Parson's Psalm, The....... ..J. Gran, 2: 433
Parting Glass, The...........Freneau, 3 :453
Passage, A.................. O'IMlly, 10 : 234
Passing.... ........... ... . Brotherton, 10: 364
Past, The............... .... ..B/"?f((1tt, 5: 312
Patriot, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . GOI{fi"ey, 2: 492
Paula's Epitaph.. . . .. . . . .. . ... Guil/ey, 11 : 310
Peach-Blossom................ Taylor, 8: 213
Pepita. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. Sltenllan, 11 : 2!n
Perfect Day, A. . . . . . .. . . .. . . Coolbl'ith. 10 : ß,'j7
Perpetuity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scollal"d. 11 : 2
7
Persia................R. H. Stoddard, 8 :228
PeBsim . . .... .... ..... . . .. . C. Kinuey, 8: 304
Phr..ebe-Bird, The,., . ... G. P. Latln"Ol), 11: 40
" Picciola " . , . , . . . . . . . .... . . . . . Newell, 9: 415
Picture, A................. ..Eastman, 7: 297
Pilgrims, The................ 0' RÚlly, 10: 235
Pious Editor's Creed, The (Big-lm\
Pa pers). .. , .. .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . Lowell, 7: 418
Pitcher of Mignonette, A (Triolet).
B/tw/e1', 11 : 188
Plain Language from Truthful James.
Harte, 10: 12
Planting-of the Apple-Tree, The,
Bryant, 5 318
Plato (Sonnet).......... T. D. noolsey, 11 374
Plea for Toleration, A.... . . . . . . Folger, 1 479
Plymouth Wedding, The (from .. The
Courtship of )Iiles Standish "),
LOU!/fellow, 6: 306
Poe........................ ..Hluter, 9:3GU
Poe's Cottage at Fordham..... .Bou,::r, 10: 3:31
Poetry. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . " .J.11arkllaln, 11 : 446
Poet's Hope, A.... n-: E. ClIml1liuf/.2d. 7: 374
Poet, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. .JIt/tl/ew.s, 7: 35:3
Poet, The..... .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .Bel/ton, 8: 5.6
Politics at the Log-RoIling... ..Jlaco1/, 11: 58
Poor Little Joe.. . " ........ Proudfit, 10 : 15i
Portrait, The......... ...J1,-s. Whitman, 6: 215
Post-)Ieridian. E\ening (Sonnet),
n. P. Garrison, 10: 4i
Prairie Plo,er, The.... n
O. Stoddard. 9: 338
Prairie Summer...... .... ...1. T. Jone.s, 9: 320
Praxiteles and Phryne .. .. .... . .StOl7/, 7: 4ü2
Prayer(HJmn).............. .B. Allen, 4: 436
Prayer, A... .................. Upton, 11 : 3öO
Prescience... ....... .... T. B. Aldrich, 9: 383
Present Age, The.... ......... . An01t., 3: 354
Prince's \ïsion, The......... ...Ralph. 2: 421
Prh'ate De,otion (Hymn), P. H. Browu, 11 : 358
Proulem, The............... .ElIU'
"bOIl, 6: 128
Problem, The............. C. F. Bate.
, 9: 540
Proem,A....................S.lIlwd, 7 :194
Progress of Sir Jack Brag (Rev'y
Song-) ..... ................ .Anon., 3: 351
Prologue to a Comedy. . . . . . . . j-"renellu, 3: 445
Prospect of Death, A..... .. . . Bleeckn'. 3: 4:-;4
Pro,iùence and the Pilgl"im. BI"t/(Uo/"d, 1: 115
Pussy \Yilluw .... ,... .A. D. Robinson. 10: ]20
Quaker\Yidow, The........... Taylor, 8: 211
Quarrel with Fortune, A., . .. CollIU/n, 2: 2
j6
Quatrain................... ..Eel/yon, 11 : 257
Quiet House, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .De Jé
'e, 10: i)H
Quiet Pilgrim, The. . . . .B. .J.11. TlIOUI/IS, 11 : 156
Hagged Hegiment, The... . Brothe1.t01/, 10: 365
Rafn in Summer...... . . . . L01/{/fdlOiI', 6: '293
Rare"Moments........... C. H.-l'hdpfi, 11 : 124
Rayen, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POI'. 6: 4ßO
Reuels.... ,.................. ...11/(111., 8: 3117
Receipt to make a :Magazine.. . . Biglow, 4: 334
Recognition (Sun net)........ Clwlbâek, 10: 34
Hecollciliation. . . . . . . . . . . C. A. l1Jm;on, 8: Hi8
lledJacket .................. Halleck, 5:223
Hepublic, The...,........ .Lon[jfdl/T'(', 6: 2!1!I
Requiem. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . Lwli, 6: 1fjjj
Ref}uiescat.. ......... ....... ..Kf1/Ylm. 11 : 257
Rer-:t. .... ., . . . ...... ... . .J. S. Dwight. 11 : 33
Réyeille (Song') .........M. 0' COllltOr. 11 : 334
Reyellers, The.............. Gallagher. 6: 401
Re.enge of Hamish, The.. . . . . LllItÏo-, 10 : 148
Revival Hvmn, A (Xegro Dialect),
. J. C. Ha1"1'i.
. 10 : 441
Rhodora. The............... Erucrsol/, 6: 135
Riding Down.............. .K Per?"!!, 10 : 102
Rival
. . .,. . .... .,.... .. .. Fau1/tlei"/fY. 11 : 3;j6
River-Goù. The........,..... . LiidC/"s, 11 : 2öö
Robert of Lincoln. . . . . . . . . . . . . Bryant. 5: 322
Robinson Crusoe.............. Carryl, 10: 109
Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep
(Song) ... ...,... ... ,.. .JJfl's. Jfïllard, 5: 128
Roll-Call ........ .......... Shepl'e1'd, 9: 331
Roll, Jordan. Roll....... . (Slm'fJ Song), 8: 2ß5
Rose, A.. .. .. . . .... .. .. . ... . .. . . O)-ue, 11 : 2:-:!')
Sacrilege. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . Collier, 10 : 12
Saint of Yore, A............. ..C!leney, 10: 455
Sambo's Right to be Kilt.. . . " Halpine, 8: 419
Samuel Hoar............ ...
a/lbo,.lI, 11 :338
GE}"'
ERAL INDEX.
639
Sandpiper, The. ............. Thaxter, 9: 365
Saturninus....,....... .K. E. Cun-cay, 11 : 113
8avag-e, A................... O'Reilly, 10 : 234
Savaunah Firemen's Song (Slave Sung), 8: 269
chumann's Sonata in A :\1inor,
Thaxt(..r, 9: 368
Sea )[ark, The...... Capt. Julm. Smith, 1: 7
!:;ea-\Yeeds................ ..Ketchum, 8: 1;4
!:;egoviaand )Iadrid. . ..... . _lIrs. Cool<<, 8: 333
Sentinel Year, The.... lJ-. O. Stoddanl, 9: 338
eptember Violet, A.. ..R. U. Johnsou, 11 : 118
Serenade, A................. .Piukney, 6: 100
Shadow, The......... .R.lL Stoddnrd, 8: 227
Shadow, The................ ...&wtlge, 10: 114
Shadow Boat, A.. . . . . . . ... .. .A..Blies, 10 : 576
Shadow-Evidence....... .JL JL Dodge, 9: 5,8
Shakespeare. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . ., Blood, 9: 553
She Came and ". ent. . . . . . .. .. .Lawell, 7: 414
Sheridan at Cedar Creek.... . ._lIt:lville, 7: 4;7
Sheridan's Ride.. .. .... .... . . . . .Read, 8: 36
She was a Beauty (Rondel). . ..Bunller, 11 : 188
Sidney Godolphin .... .. . . . . .&ollard, 11 : 287
Sigh, A . . . . . ... . .. . " . .. . .. .Sp(!(lord, 9: 2,2
Silent, The....... ..... ...... ... rery, 7: 218
Simile, A (Sonnet).......... .Jennisun, 10 :571
"
ince Cleopatra Died" (Sunnet),
Hi,fjrJi1t!jon, 8: 134
Singer of one Song", The (Sonnet).
J{. A. Beers, 10 : 380
Sir Humphrey Gilbert.... .Lollgfell(Jw, 6: 300
Sir )Iarmaduke's )lusings .... . Tilton, 9: 313
Siva, Destroyer. .......: ... . G. Pf'1"rY, 8: 405
Six Hobnails........ ....... .X. nt/rd, 1: 2'34
Skater, The..... ...... ..... '.. . . Stein, 11 : 354
Skaters, The. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0' Brien, 8: X
9
Skeleton in Armor.... . _.. . LOll!j,f ellaw , 6: 282
Skipper Ireson's Hide. . . . . . " n /âttiÆr, 6: 3;0
Sky is a Drinking-Cup, The (Song),
R. H. Stnddanl, 8: 22,
Sleep (Sonnet)..........J. C. R. Dorr, 8: 247
Sleep (
onnet).......... T. B. Aldrich, 9: 3f1'ì
Sleighing Song .............. ..Å.IWll., 4: HIS
lumber Song.. .. ... . .. .. ... Camzza, 11 : lü7
Smooth Divine, The,. . . . .. . T. Dwi,qhl, 3: 48:3
nowbird, The.... .. . . .D. R. Goodale, 11 : 332
" Snow-Bound," Scenes from, n7littin', 6:
375-381
::inow-Storm, The. .. ... .. " . .E/tlerson, 6: 141
SocietyupontheStani8laus, The, Ha/'te, 10: 13
Soldier's Grave, A...,...... ... .Albee, 9: 45
Solitude..........".... .Mrs. lJllcox, 10: 336
Some Day of Days.. ..,..... ..J..Y. Perry, 10: 101
Sometime . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .J..1I. R. Smith. 10 : 17'1
Song. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PI'tScOtt, 10 : 544
Song. . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . " JI. C. Eishf)}J. 11 : 342
Song before Grief, A ... . Mrs. Ltlthro}J, 11: .n
ong !or Lexing-ton, A. ... . .. ..
'eeks, 10 : Q
,-,un!rm )Iareh .... .... .... .. . . ,Swans, 6: _II
Song of Bradùock's )len.. .. . . ._111011., 2: 4.6
ong of Days, A ........... H i!l!/iuson, 8: 134
Song of Egla (from" Zóphid .. ).
Brooks, 5: 353
Song of Eros, in " Agathon,"
1roodbe1"1Y, 11 : 217
Song of the Camp, The.. . . .. . . Taylor, 8: 210
ong ofthe Chattahoochee... . Lallier, 10 : 147
Song of the Elfin Steersman. . . G. Hill, :>: m
::iong ofthe North "Ïnù. . . . . . K('1lyoll, 11 : 2;")1)
Song of the Seeds.......... .P. Smith, 11 : 359
onnet, The (Sonnet).......... Gilder, 10: 2.";8
Sot-Weed Factur, The..... . Ell. ('ook, 2: 2,
Soul's Defiance, The. . . . ..L. Stoddard, :>: 1
1
'Späcially .Jim.............. .J1nr!lf'1I. 11 : 347
Sparrow, The............. . Dinsmtl()/', 4: 135
Spectre-Horse, The (from ,. The Buc-
caneer"). . . .. ........ .R. H. Dalla, :>: 129
'Sperience ob de Reb'rend Quawko
Strong. De .. . . .... .. . .. .. . . . .Pilell, 10 : 16-1
Sphinx, The............... ..B/"Ownell, 7: 55;
Sphinx of Ice, The (Sonnet). . ..Fit/ccett, 10 : 40;")
Spinning............. ..11. F Jacksoll, 8: 50.
Spirit that Formed this
cene.
n: 1I-"itmall, 7: 51:3
pring in \Yinter.... . . . . .. C. F'. Bate,
, 9: 540
Spring Song....... ..... .. ... . Curtis, 8: 182
Stab, The................... ..lIaruey, 8: 531
Star Dnst.... .... . . .. .., .... ..Liiders, 11 ;
67
" Star of my D.ring- Time."
. K. E. Conu'ay, 11 : 113
Stars Begin to Fall. . . . . . (Slozle /:,t}lIfJ}, 8:
67
St
r- Spangled Banner, The (
at.
,-,ong) ... ........ ...... .. . . ... . Jìe1J, 4: 4H1
Stars, "I'he (::Sonnet).. ... .
1I. JI. Dodge, 9: 375
Starting from Paumanok, 11". lrhUman, 7: 302
Still I )Iount and )Iuunt, 11: n7/itman, 7: 505
Stirrup-Cup, The................ Hay, 9: 5!IH
Stolen Sonl, A... .. . . . . . . .Jl01ltgmne1Y, 11 : 228
Stone Fleet, The...... ....... ._lIdz'ille, 7: 4.6
Stonewall Jackson............ . Plash, 9: 2no
Stonewall Jackson's \Y a.r,J. H".r.tlmn', 8; 2.>9
Storm at Sea, A. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1Jí J lcott, 2: 3
0
Storm-The Kin!!............. .Ph/ch, 8: 342
Strong Heroic I.ine, The..... .Hulmes, 7: 36
St. Theodule .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .Xichols, 9: 212
Sub Rosa... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .Lllllt, 6: 167
Summer Love................ renable, 9:414
SummerXight..........._1L IV.Shilln, 11 :271
Summer Kight, _\. . . . . .
lb-s. Stoddard, 8: 13.
Sunlight alltlStarlight,
A. D. T. lr/titlley, 8: 203
Sunset Fanta!'ie, A.... . ...... .A1'uold, 9: 154
8un8hine of Thine Eye8, The,
G. P. Lathrop, 11: 40
weet Impatience........... ..Amold, 9: 152
Swing- Low,S\\ eet Chariot,(SlwJf' Soug), 8:
1).5
Syrinx. . . .. . . . . . ... . .. .E. J1. T1lOmas, 11 : 153
Tacking- Ship off Shore. ... Jr. _lJitcltell, 8:
:-,6
Tarpeia..... ........ .. ... .... Glli/tly, 11 : 308
TaÅatioll of Amerka (Rev'y Ballall).
St. John, 3: 339
Tax on OlùBachelors, The..S. SIf/ith, :>: 2;1
Tea.........................Jla:r/('(ll, 5: N3
Teaching of the Gran, The.... .1J!lle,
, 2: 4:!8
Telegrams, The... ....... ..Jb-.
. Howe, 7: 4!11
Telling the Bees......... .... n7Iittiel', 6: :-);:3
Terminus.. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. Eme/'soll, 6: 163
Terpsichore in the Flat Creek Quar-
ters.........................JfacolI.ll: 52
ThalaUa! ThalaUa !... ..J. B. Broll'lI, 8: 248
Thanatopsis.. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . ,.BrYllut, :>: 30.')
"The Brigaùe mnst not Know, ::Sir
"
A.llon.. 8: :m.,
"Thee. loveù one, do the rock.. amI
woodlalHls sing" (Sonnet).. .rlirk{/'. 11 :
;6
Then Shall I Triumph.... ,.. .Dt K,,!/. 10 : 4s1
Theocritus.. .... ...... ... .J/rs. J-ìelds, 9: IS1
Theocritus (Sonnet)............ EfJlin, 11: 1
:3
There is a Land Immortal (H
'llln),
JIilc Kl'llm', 11 : :1(î:3
There'll ('orne a Day. . . . ..Jlr,
. rmitoll, 8: 2,')7
There was a Gay ::\laiden (Sung),
Boker, 8: 115
Thoreau (Sonnet)....,.... A. B. Alcott, 6: 20
Thoreau's Flute..........L. JI. A.h-ott, 8: 5\1{)
Thought is Deeper than all Speel'll,
Cranell, 7: 2'21
Thuusanll anù Thirty-Seven, The.
lIalpille, 8: 4)d
640
GENERAL I1YDEX.
Threnody,
\ ("The
\hkooml of Swat")
Lanigan, 10 : 339
Tille Rises, the Tille yalls, The,
Lo71!Jfdlow, 6: 323
Times, The.......... .... . .B. Church, 3: 18.3
Time, Tireless Tramp.. . . . .. C, Lanier, 10: 2U7
Time- ,y orn Belle, A. . . . . . . . Trumbull, 3: 406
'Tis but a Little Faded Flower (Song),
Howarth, 11 : 340
"'Tis Said that Absence Conquers
Love" (80ng)........F. n-:: Thomas, 6: 407
To
\aron Burr.... .... .... '" .J.JIorton, 4: 160
To a Comrade......... ,..H. S. JIOI"1'is, 11 : 240
To a Douutcr.... .. .. ..., . " .. . EfxtUIl, 11 ; 361
ToaFairLady................JIttxwell, :>: 84
To a II
ney Bee. . . .. . ... . . . . . Freneau') 3: 4:>6
To a LIly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J.
11. Le!lare, 8: 149
To A.mel'ica (Sonnet). ......... . Buker, 8: 115
To an Italian Beggar-Boy,Jb's. Kil/ney, 6: 52U
To Anne...........,....... ..JJaxwdl, 5: 84
To anOriole.........,........RtÎI.cett, 10: 405
To a Spider................. ... . LtJW, 4: 207
To a WaterfowL............ . BryrlJtt, :>: 30.
To David Friedrich 8trauss (So
lIlet), ',
Sa/:qellt, .2
To-Dav.................lIL n-:: SMIIII, If ...72
To EbÌe............... ..Frotltin.gllOlIl, [) :':
84
To England (80nnet).. ... . .... .Bvkcr, 8: 115
To Helen. . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . , roe, 6: 4
To his Companion at Sea.. ..... . Rose, 2::3H
To his '\ïfe. _....,...... .J. Stansbury, 3: 181
To 1Iay .. ., . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . Evans, 2: 501
"To me thou cam'st "(Sonnet),.Rtj'k<r, 11 : 376
To-1Iorrow....... TV. E. ClwwtÍlIg.2d, 7: 3.5
To-Sig..ht................... .JIulllfon, 9: 250
To One in Paradise... ........... .fu, 6: H7
To Sally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Q. Adams, 4: 237
To
enecaLake............. . It:rci'/.'lll, 5: 30í)
ToSleep..................... Cli,ffton, 4:311
To Sleep (::ionnet)....... .... .Fleming, 11 : 12;)
To the Dandelion............. . Lowell, 7: 412
To the Daughter of an Old Sweetheart,
Prelltice, 6: 112
To the Earl of Dartmouth. .. n7/Catley, 3: 505
To the Fringed Gentian. . .. . .. BI'yant, :>: 314
'1' 0 the Gods. . . . . . . . . , .. . . .. . . . . Allon., 4: 25]
To the
Ian-of- ". ar-Bird, n-:: Whitman, 7: 500
To the 1Iol'kin
-BiJ"{I(Sunnet).. Hilde, :>: 1
To the )Iocking-Bird............. .Pilu, 6: 4s6
To the )Ioon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FallfJere.
, 4: 3
H
To Time.................... . Ruwson, 4: 176
Tourgénieff (Sonnet) .... TV. ill. Plty/ne, 11 : 2,5
To 'V a:;hingtun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Al''''jJ, 4: Wi
Tradition of Conquest..... ..J1rs. Ratt, 9: 406
Transfigured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J[rs. Piatt, 9: 40i
Transition. ......... .S. D. Smith, Jr., 11 : 34(j
Trial of the Dead. The. . . . . .SigollrllC'/J, :>: 2;')0
Triumph of Hector, The (Tran!';lation),
.lú/tr
ford) 4: 347
Triumph of Order,
\........... . Hay, 9: 595
Trust and I::\ubmission. . . . . ...1. ..\tn'ton, :>: lW
Tryst. The.. .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . Lii.dn's, 11 : 2m
Tuloom .............. .....Ell.
wort!" 8: 'ì-!
Tunes Dan Harrison L sed to Play, The,
Tellable, 9: 413
Twenty BoB )Iariners (
nnfi),
J[,..
. Lathrop, 11: 4:3
TwilightatSea.,.............. H'èlby, 7:51;3
Two Angels, The. . . . . . . . . .IJUII!lfdluw, 6::30n
Two Frielllls, The.. . . . .. . . . . . . Leland, 8: 192
Two
Iariners, The. .. ..... Plimptun, 8: 467
Two i\lothers, The........ ..E. Wilson, 11: 3-14
Two Mysteries, The. . . " .
lf. JI. DO(('le, 9: 574
Two Pietures ........ .-4.. D. Robiltso/t, 10: 120
lZhland.. .. . . ... . . .. .. .. . , .. ,. Butler, 8: 259
Llalnme........................ . roo, 6 :456
Ulf in Ireland.............., .Dc Kay, 10: 480
l'nder the Blue.............. . Browlte, 10 : 206
1" nder the Palms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cro.
by, 11 : 3à5
Pnder the Snow..... .. . ... .R. Collyer, 8: 150
l"ntinished Prayer, The.. . . . . . .Auon., 11 : 361
L nreturning . . . . . . . . . . .JIrs. Stodd(wd, 8: 138
Lnseen Spirits... .... .., . . . .... .Willi.
, 6: 256
Untimely Thought,
\n..T. B. Aldrich, 9: 378
là)ûn a Purple Cap...... .... .. .Al.
op, 1: 4!J!)
L )wn a Winter l\Iorning. . . . ,Flemin.g, 11 : 125
Upon Mrs. Anne Bradstreet Her
Poems..................... .RO[Jers, 2: 44
Upon Seeing a Funeral in the
treet,
L. E. ..lIitchell, 11 : 322
Vagabonds, The. . . . . . . . . . Trowbridge, 8: 350
Yalley, The............... JIarklwrIl, 11 : 446
Yanity of Y 3nities . . , . . . 'WiU9'el>worth, 2: 17
Vanquished................. . Browne, 10: 206
V-a-s-e, The.................. .Roche, 10: 421
Venice (Sonnet).......... . Longfellow, 6: 322
Venus of the Loune (Sonnet),L'àzm'ltS, 10: 4
)2
Via Sacra.. . .... . ... ...... C. A., Dana, 7: 451
Vicksburg.. '" ... .. .... ..... . Hayne, 8: 461
Villag"e Blad:f>mith, The.. . LOll.gjillaw, 6: 286
Violet, A........... .A. D. T. Whitney, 8: 20:-3
Violin, The.................... . Sage, 9: 441
\ïrg'inia Creepers. . . .. ...... Gordon, 11 : 201
Viridnians of the Valley.. . . .. Tickn01', 8: 87
Virdnia Slave Mother, The.. n"hittier, 6: 356
Vision of Kimrod, The...... ..DeKay, 10: 482
Vision of Sir Laul1fal, The (Extract),
Lowell, 7: 415
Visit from S1. Xieholas, _\... .. .J.lfoore, 4: 394
V oice of the Grass, The. . . . . . . Roberts, 7: 171
V oice of the Pine, The. . . C. T. Brooks, 7: 247
V olul1teer, The........ . ...., . . Cutlel', 8: 52:3
Waikiki......................Da[J.1Jltt, 11 :354
'V aiting. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .B1t1"}"olt.lJhs, 9: 4.51
Waiting (Sonnet) . . . . .... . . . Crant/all, 11 : 360
Waiting Chords, The... .S. If. ThaYf'1", 10: 27
". aiting for the Bugle. . . . . .1Iiggill:;oll, 8: 136
,'" aking of the Sun, The. . . . . . . . Ames, 2: 424
'Vandering Along a \Yaste,
R. If. Stoddard, 8: 237
'Yar and Washington (Balin d),
J. Jl. SC'/l'nll, 3: 388
'YardenoftheCinquePorts,Lou!lfillolV, 6: 308
War of King-s, A............... . Scull, 2: 4()2
War of the Dryads. . . . . . . . . . . . . Blood, 9: 555
"" arren's Addrebs to the Amer. Sol-
lUers.............. .......Pio7Jont, 5: 91
Wasp, The............ .F. Hupkin.
on. 3: 2à1
"'atch-Fire, The (Sonnet) ..... .. Coan, 10: 107
\Yatching ................... .JUdS01I, 7: 355
"" atch of Boon !f>land, The. . . Tltartel', 9: 36()
Way, The.................. .Slml"fle.tf, 8: 480
Way of the ""orld, The......... .Saxe, 7: 321
'Yay to Arcady, The. . . . . . . . . .Bunner, 11 : 187
\Ye are Coming, Father _\ hra 'am
(Song).. . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . " Gibbons, 8: 362
'Yedding on the Creek, The... .JIacon, 11: 53
Wedding V cil, The,
Elizabeth II. Trllittier, 7: 2-81
"-e Lay LS Down to Sleep.. ...J1oultol1, 9: 249
"'''e Sail toward Evening's Lonely
Star" (Song)... . . . . . . . . .. . . Thaxter, 9: 367
'Yestern Australia........... O'Rtilly, 10: 231
We Walked among the Whispering
Pines....................... ,Boner, 10: 331
"'haling Song, A. . . . . . . . . . . " Osborn, 2: aM
What a Witch and a Thief Made,
0' Connor, 9: 59
.
GE
YERAL LYIJEX.
641
'What have I Done? . . . . . , . . . .Feal.it/g, 11 : 3-15
"'hat is Happines<;? . ". . . .. '" . Lccdd, 3: 5\)1)
""hat :\Ir. Rubinson Thinks {" Biglow
Papers"} ..,.........,.... .L<JIl'ell, 7: 416
'What my Lover Said...... .lI. (;reclle, 11 : 3-10
What
ees the Owl? . . . . . . . E. 8. Btle.
, 11 : 352
"'hen did we )Ieet? . .. . . . . E. Guudale, 11 : æ
'When I am Dead. . .J[rs. Dietz Clym.er, 10 : 4
''"hen Johnny Comes 11arching Home
(I::\ong). _..............P. S. Gilmore, 8: :370
""hen the Cows Come Home,
A. E. J[itche1l, 11 : 350
"'ben the Frost is on the Punkin,Rile?J, 11 : 130
""hen the Grass shall Cover 11e,
UoolbrUlt, 10: 356
When this Cruel War is Over (Song-),
Smoyer, 8: 369
""bispers of Heavenly Death,
W. Whitman, 7: 513
White Azaleas ........... ... .Kimball, 9: 194
" '\ï1O has Rubbed the Ocean Cave? "
(
lIng-)............, .....'.. ..Shaw, 4: 3i1
Why Should We Cal'e?, .,. .J[r,
. Piatt, 9: 404
Why the Robin's Breast was Red,
Randall, 9: 5!19
Why thus Longing-?. ... .J.lfrs. Sot'all, 7: 463
""hlnwed Heart, The. . . . . . " . . . . Rte, 6: 41:\7
\\ïfe, The, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Livingston, 2: 450
'Yild Coreopsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,"j,'of[ard, 11 : 2..6
'VillI Honeysuckle, The..... . Frenealt, 3: 453
Wild Ride, The............... Gnille?J, 11: :310
Will (Sonnet)...... ......... M,',
. JYilc(Jx, 10 : 337
'William Shakespeare, R. H. Stoddard, 8: 284:
Willis, The..............,. ..p'y.mdjìt, 10: 15(j
\\ïl1ged Worshippers, The. , . Spra.'lIU, I): 237
Winter Days.. ...,....... ..... . Abbey, 10: 140
'Winter Starlight.. . . .... " . . ShermaN, 11 : 2g7
Winter "'ish, A.......... .. .Jle,
.
iJ/.qtT, 7: 58
\\ïnter 'Yoods............. (). Co"per, 11: 35-1:
Wish, The. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . GOt!fì''Y, 2: 495
Witch in the Glass, The.... .JfÞ".
. PUlt, 9: 407
Witch of York, The. . . . .. .., HOlt!lltton, 10 : 562
Witch ::;on!r, A.,.. ....... W. G. Clark, 6: 5
7
'Vith a Decanter of 1ladeira.
S. n: ..1fjtellell, 8: 436
With a :\ antucket
hell... . . .... n'tbb, 9: 227
"'ith a Rose fl'om Cunway Castle (Son-
,net)...... ....,........J. C. R. Dorr, 8: 247
" oman, _\ . . . . .. . . . . . " . . . . . . . . Ta!llo/', 8: 208
,V oman's Execution, A. . .... . . .Kiltg, 10 : 4H9
',"oman's Love, A............... .Hay, 9: 5!14
"'oman's Trifling :\eeds.. .
lf. H"UI'rc/l, 3: 121
". oodhines in Octoher .. . " C. F. Bltfs, 9: 540
". oodman, ::3pare tbat Tree I (Sou!.!;),
..llon'is 6: 'j(j
" \Y oodnotes," Seleeti ons from, '
.Eì,tfJ/'X01t, 6 :
lB{j, 137
'Yootl-Sprite, The......... ...Ritwdalt, 11 : 353
Wraith of Odin, The...... .ÚJlt!11ellolt., 6: 31:3
Written in Athem.............. Jlillel", 10: 81
Yankee DOOllle (Ballad) ...... .A/wlt., 3: 338
Yankee Doodle's Expedition to Rhode
. hland (Tury Ballall)......... .Anon., 3: 352
ì ankee
Ian-of-War, The (Song),
A.lton., 5: 461
Ya wcoh Strau!'s. . . . . . . . .. c. P. Atlaltt.
, 10 : n
Yearof.Jubi1ee. The (Son!!,')..... Work, 8: ti01
You'd
carce EÀpect One uf m,\" Age,
D. El'erett, 4: 233
Your Heart is a1lusic-Box (Song),
U.
g(Jod, 7 131
your=<elf........................ Vir!!, 7 211
"1 outh and A
e .... ... .... ... . Dab1lt!J, 4 501
'OL. XI.-41
Youth, Day, OlùAge and Xight,
Jr. Wh itmall , 7::-)()6
You've Woven Roses ruund my Way,
V.'good, 7: 13"J
;:;ee, also, Xégro lIymns (Uld &mgs.
POLITICS, GOVERNMENT, Etc.
-Advice tu my Country,
J[atli..
ll, 3: 444;
America and EllglaIllI, Hobart, 4: 3,')3 ; Amer-
ican Demucrac), The, Dr<<per, 7: 1
; Anglo-
Saxon Hatred of Arbitrary Power, Thè", J.
Wisp, 2 : 230; Balanced Government, A, J.
Adam.
. 3 : UI5 : Birthdayof the Republic, T.
Paine, 3: 2:!:!; ('ahinet Qualifications, G.
llor-
ri.
. 3 : 4!"4; Capt. Downing and OldHiekory,
S. Sm ith, I) :
,:3: Character of a Good Ruler,
B. Willard, 2: ,4; Chuice of Civil Officers,
The, Bridge, 2: 281; Citizen's Oblig-ations,
The, Colmltll, 2: gOl; Conflict of Democracy
with Scientitic Law, Godkin, 8 : 549; Con-
gress, Stark's Case in, W. Carey,4: 100; Con-
stitution, Advantag-es of, Hamilton, 4: 124;
"r')tton is King," Passag-es from, J/armnoll(l
Bledsoe, 7 : 38-4-1; Dan
ers from Euro-
I Influences, El1tC1'.
OIl, 6: 154; Dangers
fI 1 Foreign Intervention, Jay, 3 : 330; Dan-
gers of Amer. Libert", Ji: Awes, 4 : 144; Day
of Freedom, The, T. }'aine, 3 : 2
1; .. Declara-
tion of Principles," Jiffersoll, 11: 4-t
: Defects
of the Confederation, lIamiltoJl, 4: IHI : Dem-
ocratic Party, Heturn to Power M, J. Bigelow,
7: 346; Disunion
Iovemellt, The, H. J. Ray-
mOl/d, 7 : 514 ; Farewell Address, JVasltill,gton,
3: lti2; Federal Constitution, The,lrladisun,
3: 429; Federalist )laxiUl8, Ha/"per, 4: 20-!;
"Federalist, The, on the Xew Constitution,"
see Hamilton, Jay, .J.lIadison, eÍè.; First Ad-
ministration, Troubles of the, J. ....1fa/"shall,
4: 59; Fir!'t Rep. Administration, Review of
the, Lincoln, 6 : 484; French Encroachments
Hamilton,4: 117; Great Republic, The, Ca/"-
ue.qie,9: 328: Hereditary Titles and Honors,
Franklin, 3 : 36; Higher Law and Irrepressi-
ble Conflict, Seward. 6 : 40, 46; Independent
in Polities, The, J. R. Lowell. 7 : 445: Letter
to the Indians, Pmn, 2: 2'
7; Lincoln's A d-
ministration, Original PoliC')' of, Lill('olll, 6 :
475; "Loco-focos" of 1
,), Jr. G, Sltnw
/",
10: 51; "Monroe Doctrine," The, ..l[OIl'l"Oe,
11: 449; )Iurals in Governmcnt, J. Q. Adam..
,
4 :
3; Xationality and the Colonies, Our,
JVool.
{y, 6: 58: :\ation the Antagolli!'t of the
Confederaey, The,
H/tlfo/"d. 9 : 120; X ation,
Thoughts on the, K('Id, 4 : 184: X egro, The,
but not "'oman, Antho/(y, 7: 526;
ew Gos-
pel of Peace i The, R. G. H7tite, 8 : 8: Xew
South, The, ratftrsOIl, 10: 54: Xc\\' South,
Ba,.is of Prosperity for the, AtkiTt.
oll. 8: 3,3:
ulliticati()n, Right of, ()allwlt1t. 4 : 479. pt
,
eq.; Our Uistru!'.t of Eng-land, GanliitN", 4:
20:3; Our Political Demagogues, Bidrll" I) :
119: Political Creed of Gerrit Í"mith, f).
Smitk 5 : 47:3: Political Parties, J'.n'e/",wm. 3:
2
2: Politics and Raeill
in Colonial Georg-ia,
n: Sllphnts. 2 : 414; Powers Vested in the
Lllion, ..ll(/tli
(J11, 3 : 4:.J:3: Predidion of
a-
tional Greatlw"S, Stiles, 3 : 116; Pre!'.Ï1lential
OlJiee, The, lIulllilÜm. 4 : 12:J: Rehe1lion. J.
Qlti7tcy, Jr.. 3 : 2H;); }{cprcselltath'e (
oYern-
ment, T. Rtine. 3 : 2".37; Right of Hevol ution,
The, .Jfu{tcwd, 9 : 111:1; Wght!' allli Dlltie!'. of
the Colonie
, John Dicki".
tJll. 3 : 1'j5-1
;
Rules for l:cllucÏng a<< .reat Empire,.rì'anklin,
3 :
; Sage Ad \"ice to a. Y uun!; Politiciall, ..llc-
642
GEXER_1L LYDEX.
Elroy, 10: 172: Scholar in Politics, Thc, R, id, I
9: 4Î4: Secession, Theory of, _lIodisQll. 3: 44
:
eparatioll of Britain and America, T. n'ill
,
3 : 219 . Socialism tends to De"'potism. n 001-
sey. 6 : 59: South Loyal, Thc, P/'?!01'. 8 : 3!J, :
State-Hights, Early \ïew of, 111ortil', 3: 311 ;
State 8o-,"ereignty Expounùeù, rtllhmlll, 4 :
4i8-484: State"', The, and the FCIIC'rall'owcr.
.J.1I"dison, 3 : 48Î; Ta
k of our :-;tatcsllIen, J.
Stol'll. 4: 428: ThinI-Term Question. The. J.
Bi.tJélow 7: 343: Titles, Foppery of. T. J>ail/t,
3 :
2:> :' Yox Populi Yox 1>ei, Lid.J'I', 6 : 2(i :
\\" ehster YiIlllication of, 11". G. 1nlkil/.
oll, 9 :
13i: W o
nan's Hight to Y ote, T. Jr. Hig!lill-
son,8: 135; Woman Suffrage
Plea
()r,E.. G.
Stallton. 7 : 319.-See. also. ECOl/flilLtCS, Jour-
nalism, ...Yote/l Sayillg,
, Oratory, TVar.
POLLOCK, EDWAUD. 8: 1IiO-161.
POOL,::\I uu \ LunsA, 10: 313--316.
" Poor Richard. "-
ee B. p/"II/klill.
PORTER, lIoUACF, 9 : 50;)-;)13: 11: 456.
PORTER, XOAlI, 7 : 101-Wi.
PORy,JOHX,I:41-43.
POTTER, IIEXUY COl>
I.\
, 11 : 461..
1'0\\ EHS, HOR \TIO
ELSOX, 8 : 2s;)-
86.
PRE
TICE, (
EOUGE DEXl
O
. 6 : 112-113.
I'HExTIsS
LAHGEXT 8
lITII. 6 : 40s.
l'HEscoT
lILuu
EW'I \W'II. 10: 5-14.
PRESCOTT' "'ILLIA 'I HICKLIX/;. I): 3H9-428.
PImSTOX. ILumlET \L\TEHS. 10: 22
:H.
PUE
TO", ::\L-\.RGAUETJr"Klx, 8: 253-
58.
PHDIE, S nIL EL IHExÆrs. 7 : 17
1
0.
PHDIE \\-II.LlA
I COWPER, 8: :!Oü-2U8.
PIU
C
TnmIA:<.2: 328-ð30.
l)uOCT(;R EIIX -\. D
AX, 9 : :)li!
-5i1.
l)uorDFI
D.\ YID LA \\, 10: là1)-15K
l'UYOU H
GEH ATKI
:"O
, 8 : 3!Ii-ml!l.
Pseudonyms of Aut h 0 r s. - See
thl'ollglwllt this Imlr"x.
" Putnam, Eleanor" (Pseuù. ).-
ee II. L. r:
B((tc,
.
PrTx nI, GEOU(iE IIA \ EX. 10: ?0-1-:J07.
Pl'T
..nI, )lAUY LOWELL, 7 : .1{j-4
.
l
YLE How \un, 11 : l:!li-l
R
,. Qu
l1, :M. " (Psew1..).-8ee G. B. LewM.
QUAI
EH PETITIO". TIlE. 1 : 401-403. .
{ìL\KEm;, LETTEHS OF TlIl;. 1 : :m-l-1oo.
Queen Anne's War.-See lVa1'.
QUXCY, EIHn-xD. 6 : 3s!l-:1D1.
Ql IXCY JO
IAII. .Jux.. 3 :
!IO-
!I{j.
Qnxcy' .J()
I \II, 3D, 4: 306--311.--1HO.
Qnxcy: .JO:'I \II. 41'11.6: 123-1
i.
R \LPII, J HII:
, 2 : 4
1-12-f..
R \ 'Is \ Y, D \ VI D, 3: 3D8--l03.
R-\.XDALI..J HIE:; RYDEH, 9: 596-5D!I, _
RA "DOLI'H, A
sox J> \ \"IE:' FITz. 7 : 5
:-)--:)2G.
}üxDOLl'n. JOII'\. 4: ß.%-340: 11: 4.,0: Bur-
(rCs's Hepl\" to, 4:
(j:!: His Duel with Clay,
5 : 2i: (luìne
's
arrative of. 6 : 1
7.
R \XDOI:I'II.:->m .JOI
X:
-,:
41-343.
R \ Y. \\ ILLLnI, 4 : .
OB-.
O.),
R \Y'W
II, HEXHY J.\HYIS. 7: 51-1-516.
RA"l/J
D, HOSSITEU \YoHTIII
l;TOX,11 :336-
33Î.
RE \D, TnO"\'!AS BUCR \
AX, 8 : 3-1-3!I.
HE-\.LF, Rn.'nARD, 9 : l
fi-ls:-\.. .
Redden, Laura C.-See L.. R, j
e/lrt1lfl.
RED .JAcKET, 4 : 3G-3S : Halleck's Poem Oll, 5 :
223.
REED. ITE"SRY, 6 : 40-1--l0fì, _
REE"E. LIZETTE \\"(JOU\\ OI(Tn. 11 :
2!1-330.
Reform.-See Ecoltl.Jlliic8, Politics, Slll'V-
(ry, TUlljJerunce.
RElD, \\-HITELn...., 9: 471--4ìì.
Religious Discussion.-
ee Tlleology.
Revolution, The American. - See
nt/Y.
RWII, lIm DI, 8: 5S2--5
3.
HII II. H.. 1 : 21-24.
HIl..IUIUI'''OX, .\UIEHT DEAXE, 9: SI-R5.
RICH \HD:<OX, CIIAULES FH -\.X L' IS. 11 : 5-!-(jO.
RIlIEIXG, \YIU.IUI HExuY.11 : l1S-1
a.
RIIII' \ 1'11, J OHX CL -\.UK, 10 : Bt'>-40.
Hn.I:Y,.J nIES ',""IIlTc/mn, 11: 1::30-136.
}ÜOHII \X, HOGEH, 11: ;3;)3.
HIPLEY, (iEOIWE, 6: 100-106.
HII'LL}, ]{O
WELL
.\llIXE. 11 : 3!1-1-3!IS.
l{Ï\'es, AlIll
lie,-:3ee A, R. Clawil/'.
HIYIXliTOX. J.DIES. 3: 9
loo.-Witherspoon's
Satire on, 100.
RUBEHTS, 8.\lUII. 7: lÎ1-172.
ROllIX,;OX, A XXIE DOrGI. \
,10: 120,
ROllIX80X, EIIWAHJI, 5 : 326-3:2!:1.
HOBIX
OX, TH \t'Y . 9 : 113.
Hohinson, '\ïllialll.-
ee Letter,ç nft/a: t/llokPrB,
1 :3\:14.
. ROl'lIE, J A
IE!< JEFFREY. 10: 4
()-t:!1.
HOE, EDW.\lW PA1 :,.O
, 9: 5:31-53D.
ROGEHS, JOII", 2: 4+-4:>.
HOHLF
, Axx.\ K-\.TH ...UIXE (
UEE"(I" 10: 360-
364.
ROLFE, Jonx. 1: 1/-21.
ROLLHiS, ALICE WELLlXC;TOX, 11: 343.
Romance.-See Fiction.
HOO"r:YELl', TnEollouE, 11: 250-
56.
ROOT G EOHGE FnEDEHlcK. 8 : 364.
RO:;E: AQl""II. \.2 : 344--34,6.
Hum.e, John.
eeTllI Qllokel'lHitio1/,1:401-403.
HOWL.-\.xJlSO", ::\IAUY. 2: 52-(i:3.
Howsox, ::ki"AXXA. 4: lìlt-1i9..
Humfol"ll. Count.-f:\ec Bntj. TllOmpsoJl.
}Ü-sII. REXJ.D!I
, 3: :3(j{;-3i1.-Aùams'sLetter
to. :20:3.
Rl
:'iELL, lInnx. 11 : 10-1-106.
HI \X AllUA
I JOSEPH. 9: 5
19-601.
\;;t..'ADoxmDI JCIISOX. 9: 441-14:3.
.\I.Trs, EDGAR E, EHTSO
.II: 257-
5.
8.u.'rr:<, FH \
CIs SALTrs, 10: 5:;3-534.
.\ "non", FltAXKLIX Br:XJ.DIIX. 8: 53S-54:3;
11: 3:18.
:-; -\.XII
. ROBEltT CII -\ m.E:'i. :> : -l:-;
fl2.
A
IIEH
O
, .JoIIX.:>: 3S-1o.
SA
G",TEH, :\1 \Rli \UEl' EUZABETlI, 9 : 541-54:2.
8-..\R(;E
T, EI'ES,7 : 2:32-:233.
Satire.-Set-' JIlin/m'.
f' \ Y -\'(;1':. .\1I
oT .rn)s()
, 10: 111-114.
\ \\ 1 J:[t. Cu \ ULE
CAUROLL, 8 : 3(i!).
::-:.\XE, .JOllx (ìoUFHE1, 7 : H:21-:
'!:l.
:-:. \ "\. TOS, AXDItEW BICE, 11 : :H:).
Saybrook Platform, The, 2: 233-238.
::-:/'IIAIT, PIIlLIP, 7: 40i-411.
8CUOOU'R-\.FT, ]11;]I;H1 Howl'.. :> : ::!
-284.
/'I10l 1.r:H, J A
II:"', 11 : 4:!-1-4
H,--l3I.
:'-('UUtZ, CAHL, 8 : 433-4
(i.
SCIIUlJÆR, El:GE
E, 10: 56-5.'3.
SCIENCE (Physical).-BAR1\ARD.
,
.\, P.. l ti1ih of
l'Íentiti/" Ref'ear/"h. 6 : 4!'a :
rIU
KLIX, biscO\"er
of the Yositin allli
egati\'e Statcs of Elect1"Ïl'ity. 3: 13.-In-
,elition of the Lightning Hod! 14.--:-Elec-
trical Kite, 1;),-La\\' of Lightum!!. 1<>,
(!n
Li.
ht :JII/I Ileat. Hi: ::\rITCII
L. Thc :--ohll
F.
tll, 6 : 531: 'r()H
E. The First Telel,!TaP!l
InstrulIlent. 5 :
:\,); PFIIH'E, Evolution 3..Ð I -
,inc ::\Iethoù. 6: f,O!I; WIllTE. A. 1>.. The \\ ar-
farc of :::;eiellce, 8 : 5
O; \rIXCIIELL, The
GEKERAL INDEX.
)Iammoth, 8: 204: "'IXTHROP, J., The Effects
of Earthquakes, 2 : 4:38: Y Or:\IAX8, The Doc-
trine of Forces, 8: HJ: YorxG, C. A., Source
and Duration of the Solar Heat, 9 : 2:33.
Science, Social.-See Economics.
COLLARD, CLIXTOX, 11 : 28;}-2..;7.
SCOTT, WDiFlELD, Xote(l S"yi,,!/. 11 : 45-:1.
:-"CUTTOW, .]o";I1I:"..\. 2 : 22-25.
I'CCDDEH, HOIL\CE EU:;IL\, 9: 512-553.
.. :'cUllùer, Richard" (Pseuù.).-:::ee n": H.
.JIc1;l,'oy.
:"Cl"LL, XICIIOIA.,.;, 2 : 462-46::l.
E\.HIXG, LACHA REDDEx, 10: 43.
I'EAW-, EIHIDõD H.nnLTox. 6 : 5:3i-538.
:'ECCO:UH. .JOR", 2 : :)5
:J5fi.
Secession.-Sef> Civil }Val', Oratory, Pol-
2'tic8, Slavery. etc.
f;EDGWICK. C \.TUEH1'\E)1 \ltlA, 5 : H'
-215.
Sermons.-See Tlteolugy.
f'EW \.LL II \HUlET '\\"IX"LV\\, 7 : -lft1-l1H.
EWALL: .JO:'>.\THAX :\IITCIIEL, 3: aSi-
!:I.
:O-EWALL,
nlcEL, 2 : 1
S-200.
:'.EW.UW. WILLlA'1 HEXRY. 6: ,10-52.
I'H\.XLY CII \HLES D \w:,ox. 8: 3Ha.
haÙoek, Samuel.-See Tile Quaker Petitwn,
1 : 401-403.
NHW, IIEXRY "-nEELER. 7: :.s
5-3S6.
:-Oil \ \\, .JOIl:'> , 4 : 3i1.
I'HE.\, JOIlX GIL'IAUY, 8: 200-202.
I1EDD. 'rILLIA\1 GHEExonal TunER, 7:
5-11-5-13.
HEP \lW, THo:\r \.S, 1: 216-232,-His Escape
from Enu:lallll, 320,-Eliot's Letter to. 332 :
(Iake;;,'s Eleg-y on. 2 : 36.
HEI'I1EIW,
\.i'll \XIEL (;HAII nr, 9 : R:31-332.
:-III:HWA ", PIIILlP llEXHY, 8: 5fj(j-57:3; )lel-
dUe's Puem on, 7 : 4ii.
IIEH:\I \x. FHAXK DE'rl'''TER. 11 : 2f1G-2flS.
IILH:\I \X, '\"ILLlA:\1 TI:Cl-:\I
EII. 7: 5.;0-553;
11 : 4.'H: Reill's Characterization of. 9: 4i1.
:--UILL\.ßEH, HEXJA'UX PE
II..\.LLnw, 7: 270-
271.
UI".... CU\RLI:S Hon \IW, 11 : 100-104.
:-;111"'''. :\IILIcDo r W A,..IIUCRX, 11 : 271-273.
1'1I1"HTLEFF, 'rILLI \. 'r :o:rI.:ELE.. 8 : 4
(J.
.. :"ie!!\'olk, Panl" (P:>euù.).-
ec..t. Jlathews.
I'IGOf"HXEY, J,Hn \ Hl"xTLn, 5 : 24
-253.
ILI.. ED\\" \.HlJ Ho\\ I\." lJ, 10 : n6-
IS.
:-onDl". WII.LlBI GII.'IOliE, 6 : 2i0-2i7.
SLA VERY.-Aho1itionists, The, Dr.
Chrumillfj. 5: 18: Addre..,.. of the 80.. anll West.
Libert
.. COIn"cntion, 18-!:ï, Cha.
e. 6: i3!H : Af-
riean C(,lollization, JIatlis'HI, 3 : 441: .\friean
erpent-Drama in America, (JOWt'(l!!, 9: 41 :
After the Hevolutioll, Rill/dolph, 4: ;J:J;j: .\g-i-
tatioJJ Threatening" the Luion, (',rlllOllll,4:
4
!: .\mer. -\.. S.
.. ., J)pl'laratioll of Senti-
ments." Garl"Í,
"m, 6 : :3
: Bitterest DI'e!!'!',
The./)u'I!l7a.
,
. 7: 35";; Bn'ak the FpIlpl'al Com-
pact: [Æ!I!left, 6: lIS; Rro\\ n. of 0,,:1\\ atomic,
His
peeeh al\ll Letters. J. BrOlI'II. 6: :H:
.. Callnihal" .\U !" Jlitzh'If/Ii. 6: 8
4: ('ontra-
haml... The, al\ll Co!. LtIey, r.((!ill. 8: 1m:
Corner-:-:tt1llcof theConf(>.lerae\, A. If_ Ste-
plt/ liS. 7 : Hi2: Crime of 80., The, J. Q. _ldam.
,
4: 24a; Demand for
outhern COlJ,..istellcy,
niddin.q
. :> : :\5
' : Dialo!!,uc Concerning" :-:., S.
ll'Jpkiw;. 3: t\ii: l>i",ulJion allli S., II. J. R/t?/-
U/r)/Id. 7: 514: Earh" _\nti-
. Tml'Í. S Sf'II.,tli. 2:
1-:
1: E:trh }>rote,,'t ..\g'ain!'t the
1:1\ ('-Trade,
B IlIZi't. 2: 490: Eman('ipation. JJ"al.
II, [):
HI): Emanl'Ïpation, Proclamation of. Lincllill,
6: 4S2,-Re.,ults of, Jay, 7 : 3;3û: Farewclls to
643
the Anti-S. S., Garri.
on. 6 : 2'2
, 229: Fu!!itive
Sla\"e in the
orth, The (Fiction). T/'lJ1.l!bl'idge,
8: 35R : Garrison'!, Point uf Yie\\", U. JUhll.
"lI,
6: 50ß : Huw
.. became an
\meriean In,..t.itu-
tion, Jay, 3 : a
tl: Keeping- of
laves. U'ool-
malt,3: S!: Key-
ote of _\holition. (;arri,WJ1l,
6: 2"22; Letter;; to I)re:<. Lincoln. urging
Emancipation. Greeley. 7:
l. :-;;
; Letter to
He,". )11". Furne5s, D. JrdJxta. 4: 4i2: Love-
JOY'S }Iartynlolll. Jr. p. (;'trri.
,,". 10 : 44 :
:Mrs. Chil,( Tribute to.
}It.lll, :> : 4ü8;
egro
Hymns allli
ong-".
piritual. 8: 265,-)Jiseel-
laneuu!>, :!ü
: Patriarehal :-:ystem, The,lIwn-
1/1uud, 7: 313: "Peaceable Separation" mooted
lJY the AIJoIitionists of '4':). JJ". P. Gar/"i.
,,".10:
45: Pieture uf
ht\"e Dealin
. J. StOl'y. 4: 422:
"Poor Chloe." L. JI. Child. 6: 78: Prophetic
Speeeh, A. EllI:qe.
. 4: '!I)(): (.luaker Prutest
Ag-ain!'t, J}"0"II1/111/.3: 7.....: :-:ecession and S.,
D
JJ"/b.
ttr, 4: 4(jj':
. an.l_\ holition. Yiews of,
CI"y.4: BßS:
. not oppu,..ed to Rel'uhlieanism,
IT". Piuklley, 4: 187 :
ofter _\
pe('ts of S.,
Grady, 11: 4!': Southern Litemture Before
the ,rar, lIel)>eI", 8: 411 : Southern )Ianner8
aIllIS., {jf/n.
tt:ll. 8: tjl: :;outhern Hulc in the
:r-;'orth, J. l/,nhwy.3d. 4: 307: f;lIuthcrnStipu-
lations, The. TIJ"lJIb.
. 6: 5:
: Southern \ïew
of _-\ ùU1Ïtilln. Eled.,vH. 7 : 41.-See, abo.H.. JJ".
Em'her, .Fiction,
Yotetl Sayillflx. Ihdry, lMitics,
Jrar.
LO"'SOX, A
slc TRr:\IBl'LI., U,: 42
32.
SUALLEY. (;EOHGE \\. ÞIIJIrH'\. 9: 123-13i.
S:\JElm:>, ::5l"S\.X D.U3XEY, 10: 114-119-
S,nTH, _\HllT UL An HI,.., 4 : HlfI-203.
::5mTII, HEI.LE E{;"GE
IA, 11 : 33fl-3-l0.
mTn, ELJHr lIrnBum. 4: 301-8(r2; anùsee
.. The HI/r{(urd nit.,," 3 : 422--l2U.
'nTn, ELIZ..\HETII O\.KES. 6 : 2iï-
7D.
::5:\IITII, FLOHEXCE, 11 : 3.;9-:":60.
::5:\IITJI, (;EIUUT, [) : 4j'2-473.
:\IITH,(C.H'TUX) JOIl", 1: 3-1i; :Stith'sRis-
tor\" of. 2 : 33i.
Smith, )Im'g-aret.-:"ee Lettn's (!ft/u Quakers, 1:
3!)i.
:\JITII,)[ \Y RILI:Y, 10: 1i1-172.
S:\UTTI, ::' nlLEL FIt \"I'b. 6:3H4-395.
IITII,
EIH, [): 2.0-273.
8:\UTII. STEPIIEX ))/:c \Tru. .]n., 11 : 346.
::"IITIJ, WIU.LUr. 2: 47:---4S!I.
'\JDI:U, DE
TO
JAQl"E";, 10:
5-1'
.
Songs and Ballads of the Civil
War, Popular, 8:
61-;r;1.-See. also,
Puetry,
Songs and Bal1ads,Revolutionary,
3 : ;j:
ati1,-al1lÌ bee pag"e" 2:H, :!-l-!, :!:)H.21i;).
Songs, Etc., of the French and In-
dian War, 2 : 476-478.
::'out h" ie k. .J usiah.-
ee nit Quaker IHition,
1 : 40l-40:l
I'\HK:-:, JAUED, [) : 19l-1f1ß.
"Sparro\\grass, )11"." (Pscud.).-8eeF. S.Cuz-
Zt1/..
.
SPli/TOUD. H \RnIET PHE:-:('(1TT. 9 :
j'1-2
.
SPit \Gf"E, ("/I \U11:8. [) : 2.1i-240..
BPH \fi[,E. WILUA:\r HI-I:I I.. :> : Rß1-Rfi::l.
SQLIEH, EI'HHAHI (;EOW;F. 7: 55!I-!"iß
.
Stage, The.-S('c Drama and Oriticism
(.lJmlilltiic).
ST \"'1 n. JlFXUY :\lm:FL \ '\ D. 10: G.3-G".
ST\"
Blln. .Jo"'FI'II. 3: }:O,O-1
2.
ST\,\,..lInn", -'[\.UY _\
S\. PIIIXSEY, 10: 13i-
1:3
..
ST..\
m:,>. 1-:1 IZ_\ BETH C' '\ D"\ . 7 : 319--321.
641
fI Þ:N 1','IlA L I. VI) f,X.
f'rFIs, Olnll JJ \HI'J::rt, 11: :1:-,.1.
HII;I'II
;:-'!oI, \1.1;;-\ \
II
:U II nlll,To
, 7: ]fi2-1/H.
:,n 1'1I
:'
, .\ 's ROI'1Il \, 7: Hllt-WH.
J'rr 1'1Il.:o..., .JOIlS Ll.o\'/), 6: 2;-,3-:
5/i.
Hn;I'IIF:-!oI, WII.I.IA;\I, 2 :4l.J. 41/i.
tel'llf'IIHOll î Marrmuluke.-8t:e I,tt1711 'If tit(.
(1I{(tk('r,
, : 3
J.t.
.. Sterlll', Stuart" (P8eUlI. ).- Bee Go'lru.tle
lJlolIl,..
H rr;VENS, .J\ ma., 7 : 29;J--2{)7.
STI:\ hN!i t TIIA .IIIlms, 6: 2!>7-2:.!1.
8f1J.J
8, 'ZItA, 3: 116-121.
101 rrr.I.MAs z . WU,I.IAM.J ,\ "P.!'I, 8: :17
I-
H;;.
STI:\I:O<ON, fHE/)J;IW' ."
sCl', II : 1/i7-174.
8f1w, WII.I lAM, 2: aa;;-:J41.
Hr. .JoII..., }'P.fFIC, 3: :n!I.
H n WKTON, FItA N('I!oI H Jl'IIA HO, 9 : lfi!'i-1HO.
H rOI'/)A IW, (.;IJ A IU.I:
W A luu
s,10: 2l!1-2'll.
8 fOIWAICH, .EJ,IZAnETlIl>Ju>W ilAICHTOW, 8: 1:\7-
141i.
Hro/)/)Altn, LA\"lr.IA, 6: 121-122.
HTOIW\IW, J{II'lIAIU)I1
:NlCy,8: 2$ 238.
:-;ro/)/) \ It/), \Vfl.I.IAM 0
J1010I, 9: :I:\!':!.
roNI:,.J/)IJ
^I'UI'
:81,_6:(j7-i1,. ,.
:-ìTOM., HAMI El" 1 : ...i....-..d4,-J. Cotton 8 LmC8
ill I'l"niF-(' of, 272.
J'rosE, WII,I.IAM LP.ETE, 6: 21i4
i9.
:-. fOlms, J{1(;IIAIU' HAl.Tlm, 7: ;;1;-1-;)/;5 ; 11 : :
!Il-
3!14.
Hroln, .JO!-lP.I'II, 4: 4
1 -t21i.
HroHY, Wfl,I.IA \1 \\ E'nlOltE, 7 : 4!i!'i-4/i::.
HrowI
, IlAIUtIP.T EI.I.lAJlKTJI ill,.t:cl1Jm, 7: 1:{2...
1"').'").
HrnAl'UEY, 'VII.I.IAM, 1 :2+-Hl.
Hnu;I.:r, AI.F1um BIJ.J.I:-os,7: l1ß..-117.
101 I' Ito:lo 0, .Jo
I^U, 10: 421-423.
Hn'AItT,
IOSE!oI, 6:
-
:ï.
Hrl"llll/", HIT!oI!oIp.I,J., 9: 4
\:1-4:1!I,
Hn.I.lv AS, TnllMA" l(I'!oI!oIEI.I.,10 : 52!1-533.
1':\1'1.1.1\ AN, WH.I.IAM, 4: :W4-:
47.
151
Elt, CllAULEfI, 7: /i
7
; 11: ..;,:
, 1;;5,
".)1 ,
H DI:o. FIt, W H,I. I HI (; itA rr \ \1, 10: 48-!i:J.
SWIMI, HAVill, 8: 4/iG-4/i7.
S\\ I:'IITIIN, .JoIIN, 8: "7/t-47H,
8WIVW', WH,I,IAM, 9: J4 '-H.!.
8\ :\J\ms, Tllo\l AfI, 2 : 2fHI :
SI-t,
TUII('.", Hogl'l' Brooke, A"lIlf'I/ SltyW,!, 11: .....ß.
TAI'l' \:0., WII.I.1AM HI:o.OII \M,11: 35{J.
Tariff -Hl'o RrmlfJfII;"H.
Tllttllllll, .Jo"iah, 1\"'11/ Sl/llillfl, 11 :4:)3.
TA \ I.IIIt, BA \ Aftl', 8:
1
-2
;.
T^ \ 1.11", BI:N,IAMIS FltAN'l\I IN, 8: 47-4R.
'I'll.\' lor, /.ul'lllln, Nilial Sl/llill!/, 11 : 4"',
.
TP.(T\I
I
lI, 4: 2:.3-2!",:J; 11 : H'3.
TEMPERANCE.. - AtlßIII 's AI(, 1,'8.
Hritllin'I'I B('er, Jihmklill, 3 : 7 : "D"IU'III1
(;ill'H'S HiHt ill (' r.\' ," ('h"I1''''', 6: R41i; IIodllr
('hulkley'R Hr(':lIII, Clmlki'!I, 2:
U2; ])1"\1111,-
{'1IIH'II
ill i\,"(.w Yllr!... 1/;!'5, .f. Miller, 2: :w'J;
Tht' I'le,lgl', T, 'i'. l"rr,
I/ilI/, 6 : :
.
TI's:-'ln, 'I' A lilT II \,4: 174 -li!'i.
TlmJII :o.E,
IAItY V IIW 1/10 lA, 8: 4H7-4!1t.
'I'll \( /II;", A:'II rllu'o/\, 1: Hi;) Ij'l),
T II \I'II"'t. .J A" no!, 4 : :\!I- I/i.
", I'IIIIIll't, (kt:1\ (''' (1'F11'I\t!, ).- Hec ,lIil'" Fr,.Tlrlt.
TII^ "TIm, {.;1:1.IA,9: an;:; -:lIi\'.
TIlAum, HrEI'/II"/Io 1I....:'IIH\.10: 27-2".
TII \llm, WILl.I \M I{II
('II"', 11 :')HJ-2
2.
TlIEOLOGY.-AlmoTT,TJ., '('Ill' Boo].. of
I'rllmille, 9: :J17,-L,llI'ral Orthlldox, of l' II
11:1,\,11: 414; A 1.1:" \:-'111.:1(,
e('IIIIntevelll-
tion,4: :H:1,-Thc Rihl{', .n4; RAI.I.OfI 1.11P1-
fel" Ullt! t h{' Origlll of
in, 4:
\I",-I'(:I"""('U-
tlllll, :\01; BAY l'!oIA 1.;\1 .Hook Z TJI E, 1':-1111111'1
frlllll, 1 : 211; BI':ECIIFft, II. W., "iFlioll". 7 :
207,- FutuJ"(' l'uniHhnlf'nt, 21a,-Bellcf Hlill
Inluitillll, 214,-" tlar'relll1f'I'I8" or the Bihh'
21:ï,- EVllllltion anll Immol"tality,
I/i;
Un:nIJ;H, I.., lIiR ('ollv('r"ioll, 4: a...)\"): Ih;r,-
I.A;\IY, .J., l'it't.ul"e r,f the )li11ellllillm, 2: 442:
gOWI.F!oI, A MUII'8 Fuith, 8:
i:J; BUAINEIW
D., HI'1igioll
Ex pl'riell('I'I\, 2 : :mH,-A :-Iav:
ngp H"form('r, :172: BHOOf{
, 1'., Th(' :\lillbtry
fOI" 0"" Age; 9: 24!i; HIWk\II/1oSmn, The FII-
tllrf' Lifc, ':i: 4!1i ; B....kIÆ\, New Engla/lll
mill lieI' ('ovenunt, 1: 244; J\P""NJ:I.I., The
I1omeHI"1Tl Worfohil
6:
II;; Ih U:!oI, Hl'1ightR
or thr.
('xt Worl11,;(:: 4:
!1; ('Ar.I.I
N/lI:It, Lih-
l'rt)' IIf ('ow".ie/ll'O ill Hholl('I"II1/11I, 2 : 41
;
('AMIIHIJ)(I!t I'I.ATI"OH:\I, TIm, 1: 2 H "',; ('11'\:-'-
NINO, linitarialliFlrn, 6: Ii, -
I'il"itllnl Fr{'e-
dom, t3,-A(lvkc to a ]'rl'llt'1I('r, lá,-:FRith
Hl'hoolcll h)' 1010 I"m \\' ,Hi,-Thl' Life" ('rl'lIftpr,
18; ('IIAI"NCY, I-\om(' OelliitieR or B('1it'f, 2:
417,-(')l'I"iI'81 Epithl't
III tlH' XVlllth ('I'n-
t III"Y, 420: l'1.A 1', Thorns ill t I/(' FIl'Hh of I hc
Fath('rFl, 1:4
111; CI.AIU{J
, .J. F., Th(' HI'IiI'f
in (;0", 7: .
: ('0 "TON, PI-111m. Hinging a.
(;odly Exp,'dHe,l: ');)4,- -011 the ('Ollli'ofoim{
anel Hiligilig of ),,,"lInll,
;O, - ('on('('IIIÍlIIoC
Ihe f:oIillgerfi, I'tr'., 2/iá, -All J<:"I",siUon "f
If.\' 1,,'('ritl'lI, 2iO; HA \,1.::o.I'OHT, Of
11/"ßt'1cfoI,
1: ßHI;J...-Thc I"llifl/l K('ei'i/l
of ClirlFltrnlls,
HH8; IJJn\ln, An Ol'tillllHt's 'Fait h, 5: :\1'4 ;
E/lW AI(/I
.II IR EIlI'I" Rl'lIl\c or f)ivintJ ThlngFl,
2: :\7:J,-YIIIIII
('hl"l",tiun's l)Ïret'fnn, :.I"",
-Rllrpri!'\Í1lg CIIIIH'rF-iollll, aH2,-Hllllier8 in
th(' II a 11111'1 of an Angry (;011. aJo\4,-Elcrnlty
of I[ell Tormellts, m'3,-Why 1-\8ill";\11 (;Tory
will 1{l'joj,.c to Fwe t hI' '!'orm('lItFl of the
I>nrn Ill' II , au." - 11mt till' nl'vi] I'll/I ('ite
S('ript",'c fOI" lliFl 1>lIrl'oHe, aSI7,-Of ))lIvi,l
HrnÍlII'r(I, :
!I!I; 1':I.IOT 1 .J., 011 A t!m"ni..hln
lite IIIIIiIlIlEl, 1: :\:\2,- 'ills for th(' Sacllf'lI1
,
:1:\li, -A Rr'ß.J/flal ill thl' Inllian lfol"ll('I, a:j\l,-
('haraeterof It Trill' ('hriFltiun, :i42; .E:\lrn
(Js,
]""lIol.taJitv, 6: UH; EM:\ION!oI, Th(' E,iJ
.Jl'rohoam, 4: .
: VI!'",:n, Motll'rn }\l'lll'f IIJIII
HOl/ht, 8: :J-t4: FltA:-'Kl.IN, Faith 111111 \V..rhFl,
3: :H,- l'alnl"8 AA{e of H('IIMon, 42,- \ HI'
lig-iou8 ('l"er'll, 4;'; Fno'/"lIINOII \:\I! O. B.,
The TrnIlHI'('llIll'lItll1iFlt, 8 : 2H,-
l'il"Jt of the
Nl'W Fllith,:12: HOOklN, 1'1"11\ Ing IlIIlialll',I:
411,-II('I'1'8Y ill
Ial"thll's \ïl\("'III'II, 444:
]I "I'(IE, TIll' Hlllllnll
olll, 6:
:n; III fl""11-
('or'I\, Eo, Thl' J{p1igioll of (;p(llou:y, 6 :
Hfi;
]lOJ.YOI,P', How Ti"Z1I1I11 Bpgllilcet Ihe Kille',
1: :;;-,1 ; ]lookl
, On ""nihil' Wal', 1 :
I'J-
('hrl"lial/ Li"er!.y 20/i; 1I00k"II, )'hc W('.Il,
1\fiIlÍ!'oh'I"IU/l1 thl' iml'el/itelll 1I('un'I',I: 1"'11,
-::.\jl/III'I" lit t hI' 1\ il/g'R ('OUl"t, HI:
, - Oil
(;"01111(11"/0\8 HOpl'R of )f('IIV('II, H.!5, - The
F('al'fIl180111, 1!1!1,-(;Otl'H I Jroll Ii 1IJ(8 \\ it h "i
SerVlultFl, :!lIl ; 1I0PI,INR,
I., Limits of Lih-
('mlif\ III H,'lid. 6: H!i; .Jr:ITI'''HHON, Oil ('hris-
tillllit'" 3:
i7, 2"\:\: 1\ INfI, T.
., The IhlfoÍJIt'F\8
IlIlIl(;]IIl"\'of EI('I'III1\, 8: 175; KII', 0111' VI'II-
l'I'a"'" Litlll'gv, 7: wt,-l 'I' rHOII II 1 Apl'('arlll]('C
of (IIII' LOl"et, lOll: LY.WI8, T' I Hd('/I('e a/l(l HI!-
ligi"",6 : HI; !\f ATJII'.II, C., '1 hI' V (li('(' of (;IIrl
ill till' Thlll/lIl'I', 2: 1:'\1; 1\1 A'/"II 1m, I., ('''n-
l'emillu:8utlllllllletE, i1 Spirit", 2: 110; M ATU /"1(,
H., A (;0011 Mali'S 1'/'OlIIiH('F1 to (;"e1, 1: lill;
M If"''';', AHtl'''"OIII'y of Ih(' Bihle, 6: !):n ;
)11TI"I'.....I, .1., (III L{)IIld,,
"I' 8teallfat-tly
GE_YER_IL IXDEX.
into II('awn, 2:
:
IORTOX, X., The S('pa-
I.uit'n t)f Ro!!er '\ïlliam
. 1: 41
,-8am. Gor-
tou's Intrh:ue
. 415,-Hl'\"", John 'nl
ou. 41.:
ORTt)"" J
, God's Relath)u tt)
Ian, 1 : 3:'4:
,-n F:'. .T.. Po" er of )I:u:i
trate
in tl1<'
Churt'h, 1:
.4: 0 \I\:F5>. .\ Ü'ntrite
pirit
better than Out" an.l
('eminc. 2: 43: r \I",E,
1'., :\[an and hi
:\[aker. 3:
{-2.- The
tuth
t,f God. 23.): l
\RKER. The Real Churt'h, 6':
:114, - Immortalit\-, 513, - rternal Ju
tice,
51.: PORTER, Thè
e" anti the OM Com-
mandment, 7: 10'2: PIH\fE, S. I., F"\plaininc
.\" ay the (;o
peL 7: 1;': QI- \KEH
. TilE,
I ette
, Petitions. 'Etl..l: 3!
):1 : S\\ U.E.
:Spiritualbm, 10: 111: 8 \\ nRl,,-)h PI \Tt'Olnl,
TUE, 2 :
\: 8t"ß \IT, .\merÌ<'an Mt'a of Re-
li!!iou
Fn.'l'dl'm, 7 : 40.: SltEl' \ Hn, Spiritu.ll
F"\l,<,rienc('
of a Puritan, 1 :
Hi.- The "-al
tt' IIt'a\""l'n, 2'21.-Th(' (;lon- t)f (ìod, 2'24.-
The La
t Jud!!nwnt.
'ì: '
TE\ ..."'
. \".\
Licht t)f'[etlhtlli:>m. i:
.."): Sn \HT, Ortho-
do"\ Fn..'e Thoudlt, ð:
4: THo
n'
t\"", J., .\r-
cument ft)r :\I.lrn in!! :\ Clerc'm:m. 2: SIt):
'rYLFH.
I. c., Pn..
.whin!! in
l'\\ End:md.9:
::\")!},-Poetn- :md Puritanism, :."'IH: fl'C""
T,
The Pride' of Care, 9: 1;).): W \I I F\. The
Lan!:ubhin
Common"ealth, 1:.J1t} :" \un,
X.. Lc:-..t'n on Pr:wti(.al J{elidt\n, 1 : ')'0,-
.\ W on.1 h) Endantl, :."!S
,-.\ W on.1 of Ire-
l,mtl, 2."-\; W \H..., II., .,,
., r"\pre,.
it)n of the
Inner Life. b: 3.)ù: Wn nE. lIe\"('..ie,.. of \nne
Ihlh'hinson audlll'r 'Fol1tH' er:-. 1: :."!3:\.-1I0\\
tIll' lIt're
i('
e:une to:m Fnd,
4
; WmTl\
.
Thl' .b"ur:m(e of Immort:llit\, 9: 1-11 ; "-w-
(;LE:-" tIHTIt. The D:n' of Ht)tim,2: a : "'IL-
L.\Un. S . \uthorih- inu:-t t:l"e l':utl'rn from
on lIkh. 2: i4; "
1I11 \\I
. R., The Hlt\l\d\
Tenent of Per
t'(>ution,l:
,.-"-:lrnin
t
)
Entlil'ott. :!.m.-In the ,- alll'\ of 1 he
h:lt\t)\\
of Dl'Mh, :."!,,)1: """TlIIWI', lit\\., I)j
t't"lr8e
"-I'iut'n t)l} hn:ud thl' .",-bell", 1: 30-1: "-(101-
" \X, COI1\'el'nin
Ihl'd (ì:\rnll'nt
.3:
).-.\ n
_\ng-elk Hispen,..:lti
\lI,
.-
ee. :lbo, Toted
,"-ryi' ,
. nl('/,'y, Hìlch(','q,' a..(1 11'01/<1 ,.
.
Tlln\1 \
. Fnnu \I \TIII\ \. 11: 1
\-1:);,
Tilt 1)1 \,.;. FIU'I'''''IUCK "-1111 \\1, 6: 40..
Tilt 1)( \", (; \nIHF'I. 2: :!1O-:!I"',
TIII\'ll'
t\:Io. ßl:XJ UII:IO, Cot:'\T Ih 'IFOHn, 3:
4
t-l......)();3.
TII(\m'
t,",. DA:'\IEI I'II"HCF. ð: ai9-asS,
TIIt\\II'"o",. .Toll'. 2: alO-311.
TII(\"I'
(\', JOlt, R \ "nOLl'II. 8: 14(Ì-l.W,-:\[rs.
Prc"It\lI's Poem t\l1 hi"(
r:n l'. :1-\-1.
TlIl\\I..:'t\..... :\r \I IWT. 10: 2'2.")-:!:
1.
rIlO
I..
t)'. ""11.11 \\1 T\I'I'\
, i: 1;
1;..
TlItHU:\I-, 1I1"'ln D\)In. i: :J
:\
t
ì:.\kt\tt.
:-\"IIIwt (\11, 6:
: \\ j,.... _\kt\u' Puem nil, 8 :
:\
tO,
TIIOIU'F, Tnt 1)1 \.. R \ 't;... 7 : '
'''-
..).
rICl;;:'OH, FH \:Iot 1,..( )Hunn. 8: :--i- S ,.
TlcK"on, (;nuua'. 5 : :!..IO-
"'.
I'll n...x.-, 2: .1';'..
I'll TO:lo. Tm-t\Ut\HF. 9: 311-31:l
rnlHnn. 1I..'n\. 8: ..os-.tIl.
1"1",<.'KI"'n. )\ \H\ .\l;"'1...... 9: S;)-
\4,
.. Titl'omb. Tim(lth
'" \ l':-entl. ).-
t't' J. (;. u.
-
lal/d.
.. T.. \1.:' 1 : 4(,2-4;'S.
Tonn. ,ron". 6: :
..?-34.
Tn"I'
O",. B..'.....I \ "".2 : :1:\-:\lì.
Tt\t))III:'. Rt\IWnT. 6 : :\:\4-."1:\..
Tnnwl:E, AI HlO' \\""I'FI. \n. 9: ;\.;;,-.;)(',.1.
To" 1.1'. (ìt:tuw..." \"I"I'F \t'E. 10: \1'-101.1.
Tt '" '"I''' n. t; I"t 'IU.I' ..\ 1 FUI"P. 10: ; :>-'11,
G45
TOW:lo"E:IoD,
IARY .\:;:mEy.9: 2
2;.
Trnske,
laQ-. :See Ù'11n-s -d'th
YNa.lYrS, 1:
;,
TRA VEL.-n(>
utifnlFn
land,][.J(Jm
,
J,'.. 10: 1
: Capri. The lìroito
of, TaW/Q'" 8:
14: C:lpt, Cook. Dl':lth of, I tlyar'Ù, 3: 4It.:
CarI
Ie at hi
\\ïft' 's (.raw, J,
r("i ItOl', 8: 4;6;
C:l
tili:m n:.y
, lftfy.9 :
n ; Cha"e on the
I a
(\on, The. ,'q"i ',7: :)0,)\\: Colt',.."eum, The
lIma,,'d, 6:
\.': De:lth of a Hen..), {;m . ,
10: 2t-'2 : FI"l'nch Traits, 11'. C. B,..Otr"
I, 11 :
4:1: Grt'at 8alt 1:11,.(', .'iI. E
plt)ratit\ll t)f,
J-ì' m'''lt, 7: 1'Q; lIoh ::'('JHlll'llI"l',
1l' of tIll',
E. Rob, ,... II. 6:
:t'2ü ; )n \ Ut':lt:m, " ,>h.'" ,6:
:!..")2: KHaul'a. X;",,-Iht..(f. 8 : 4(
' : I :\ }{,\quettl"
.\ \Iornin
a1, D. G. Jli/('hd, 8: -t:
: L",..t in the
Ice, Kdtl , i : 51; : :\[e('tin
in the lIl':u.t of
\erica, .\. .')1",,1 ,10: (ìH:- '[l'
i"t\, I1'\IIW-
ire m,.Jfl"$. f
"!' j
O: 011;): 'Imltrt'uil, !:'l.tl'
l hamlwtrc at, ."
"k .4: 4;\4: \[ora\ I:m
.
.\ nlt)n!! the, J/, "''f'. .3: :
..!; Painh'ranltm
the
Indian
. .\. Callin.6 : 4'
}: P:u-bi:m 81,.l'tdw".
fr...j g, 6 : ;tì : Pl'I":l, In thc
trl'l'ts t\f. C ,.. 8 :
W.: Hmn:m l'amp:\
n:l, Tlw. lr. H. S ,
7: -b>-': HI\
sia a Il1mtlr('t) \ t':n',.. .h,,\, L,'!I-
y,ml, 3: 4:!ò: HI\
,i:m Wtllf-Hunt, .\. K ox,
!j: :!....: :Shakl'slw:n
's(;ra\(', Hìtlll'l',9: :
).:
8urf-
" immer, 1'h(', C. n-. "',)(lel",,,-I. 10: 21!1:
Tra\t'1lin
on the Dt':-l'rt, Ii .'L F't
(I. 8 : :." :
1'''0 1'l':II":,;
Tt"lrnal In
t'\\ \ t)rl,. (1;,\)1),
H..II, . .2: ..."......)1 : '-l'netian I ifl', 1l0lr 9 :
4-;1}: Y l'nil'l', }o'ir<:t hnprl'
ion8 of. 11; mi.
6:
"): 'Ïsit to l..\lt'nl'18pt)t
" Ot\tl. B, ,,,-1. 2:
:\l)(.} : '-bit to CtHmt ToI
h)i, Keltt/.u,. 10: :t-t\:
Yl\
l'f. J. Ro..'iS BrotC'lu'. ;: 3a.,
,l:'. a},..t),
Cr.1I"Y
)(md. .,Y. .\
I,.",tit't''''
THO" umn(.F.. Jon, T(,,, ''''};
n, 8: ;1..)I).....;t(ìl,
THl"\IIH LL,
1 \\IF" II "nlO
n, 7: :}.I
i".
TIH-\mn L, ,Iou". 3: 4(}:\-413.
THt-\nn I L, .TtHl'. 4: :"\HI2: :md8(,c" T/'tJI.rrl-
ford Wi '." 3: 4
2-4
>:1.
T'''(,''FH, '\ \ Tit \:10 IFf Ih'YFHI n. ð :
-,"
}.
1', n,,"'H. :-'T. (;I"()\{(.I". 3: 4014-44,).
Tn'I"En\H",. H \\ \Hn. 11 : :"'\\'-210.
1', ("knOI \:10. I1....
H\ TnnmouF.. 7: '\.?4- 2'.?'.
1'1 Dlllt, WillI \\1. 4 : 4
I!L,;01.
Tnu:IL, FUF'''' FH \'\nJ\'F'. 2:&)(h
""..
.. T\\ :liu. \\:Irl, .. (l'
t'Utl. ).-:'l't' ."t. I. (', ('fIll "".
1\\ et'.I, Willi:un
[art'\". '..1/('" ."ryill', 11 : 4,).,).
T\ I EU, \h\
t> COlT, g : :!.;'-)-:!71.
1'\ lEU. Ht)\ \II . 4 :
I
-H)('..
.. t nl'll' Hemll
.. \ PSt'lItl. ).-:-:t'l' J. C. Jr.".,.j
t',nFnnIl I, l" \I'T\IX .Toll'. 1: 1..)-1
t.
t.. I'll \\1. en \ HI 1"" \\""I"
T" OHTII. 6: HMÌ-ll:!.
r"l"tI
, (;l-'tlUhl: :\[EI \ III". 11 : :;I\().
'-all IhlI"t.'n. "nrtin, .\il/n.1
";/lq. 11: 4,-\l}.
.. Y:mtll'c:rift, \I:\rc::\rct" \ l';t'\hl. \.
l'" 1flll'.
Y,IIYI T. Jillu'it,..
,..\, Ih.."'
.....I.\rn, :\1\ul\'X\ (;IH
"t'lI\ 11:
tÎO--(Ì,-\. '
Va riOllB Poems, 11 : aa4-3tì
,
.. \-:U"ll'
. .Tohn PhilIp" (1'
('lItt. I,--t=.t'l' L. E.
Jfitt'/,rll.
'"I''' \HlI'. \\"1\ 1 I "I 1I1""u\. 9 : 41
\-'1:\.
'....UPI \ "t'I". (il II \"' ('Htnnlrl I"'. 6: 11:\-IIR
Ynn, .'t':IoI
. 7: :!I.-
W.
'''I:''ll-:IO r. 'I \In I' HIt'n \UI\
tI..... 9: 1:..-\-1:>'.
W \1\""OltTlI. HI"'.I "1\'.2: 2;
1-241.
" \I1..t It. \ 'I \... \. ð: ;\I}:!__MI:\.
".. \1 1"lm. Fu \ "'n,. .\)1 \' \. 10: :U-:U.
":\1 U:H. 1\. \1I1\1U'''' 1,1
r (11111\.11: 4.;
.
" \I KHt. Ht'\II-'HT .T ""...... 6: Iii-It\.
" \11 \t F. th,lt \tT Ih",'n, 7: :HS-..1I!t: 11:
4.;1.
646
GENERAL I.NDEX.
"-ALL.\.CE. LEWIi", 8 :
H-324.
"\VALLA.CE, 'WILLIUI RlI::'''. 7 : 40()......401.
"" ALLEY. TnmI \.:'. 1 : -110-H2.
"\VAL
H, ROBERT. 5: 00-91.
'VAU\ORTH. JEA
XETTE RITCHIE HADER-
I..\.", X, 9 : -1ü3-4(jt;.
WAR.
Bacon's Rebellion (1676).-Bacon's
Declaration, ..\: Bacon, 1: 44::;; ('au
es of,
..111011.,1: 450: Declaration ag-ainl't Bacon. n
Bukehy, 1: 445; Story of," T. JL," 1: -162.
Civil War, The {1861-65).-.Addresses
in America and England. Patriotic, Beeclllr,
7 : 201-20.: Amerieau Colonel.
\n. Coffin, 8:
lG2:
\.ppomattoÅ
urrender, The. (;1 1t. Oralll,
7: 5.6: ,.
\:;hby" (Poem), J. R. Th o 'llljiSQIl.8 :
H(j; .. Barhara Frietchie ., (Poem), Whitticr,
6: 3.4; ., Battle-Hymn of the Hepublie"
(Poem), flowe, 7: 4HO; "Bethel" (Poem),
lJll{JIIlllle. 8: 1;J;J;" Black Reg-iment, The"
(Poem), lJok,,', 8: 11(j: ., Blue and the Gray,
The" (Poem I, Finch, 8 : 341; Brown, of Osa-
"atomie. Smlò'J1"II. 8: 588; Causes of the
War, E. El'erf'tt, I): ;
;rj; "Cayalry Son!!," "
(Poem), Raymond, 11: 83li: .. Christmas
Xight of '(j'
" (Poem), JlcCabe. 10: lOH;
('onfed. GO\ 1., Hi>:e and Fall of the, Davis,
6: 409-41.; ., Conquered Banner, The"
(Poem), Ryall. 9: 59
.
: Corner-Stone of the
Confederac,", Stephens, 7: lC2: "('umberland,
The" (PoeÌll), LOII[jJèlluU', 6: 314: "Dec-
oration" (Poem), T. 1C fIi!l!/illw1I, 8: 125;
"Down" (Poem), Browllell, 7: 5."):); Draft Riot
of July, 1t;6.'3, The, A. E. Dickin.wJII, 10: 15];
"Dreaming in the Trenches" (Poem),
1Ic-
Cabe, 10: lOt>; Emandpation Pl"OclamatioIl,
The, Lillcoln. 6: 4b:!; End of the ". ar,
\t the,
R. .foll1tR(J1t, 10: -!1 ; " Ethiopia
aluting- the
Culorl' .,
Poem). lJ". Jrhitman. 7: 510; "Farra-
gut" (Poem),
lltl'(:ditlt, 11 : 384; Fiye Forks,
aud the Capture ofPeter,..hur
, l1.l'ortel', 9:
505; Fiye
tipulations ofthe
outh, TU01l1bs,
6: :;;H: Foreigners in the Xorthern Army,
Gell. Jlrt'lellan. 8 : 2Îl: :Fore>:hadowin!; of,
X E. TIU'ker.:>::-;4: .. t;'ettyslmrg" (Poem),
B:ltlif.ll)t1ck, r, 11: aa:); (;'etty:::burg Alldre>:>:,
E. E"í'/"{tl. :> : 339: (
ettyshurg Addre
8, Lin-
colli, 6 : 4S:
: (;'ettysburg.
cene at, n ilk6
OIi,
7: :;Sl; I1an"ard Cummemoration Ot1e,LÐwell,
7 : 4;
9; I1o>:pital Sketches, L. ./.11. Alruil, 8:
58,!: ,. In :-;tate" (Poem), nìll.
ol1. 9: 4.j8:
Jeff. Da,-is, Bailini of. Umlt!/. 7:
4; "John
Pelham" (Poem I. Randall. 9: :>\''''; J ohn>:ton,
Gen.
\.. S., W. P .fuluu,{on.8 : :;Î
; Kearny,
Dirg-e for. B"k('j', 8: 11:-;: "Keenan's Charge"
(Poem), Lothrop, 11 : 3:1: Letter to <':arl
Ie,
Eìilej",
'm. 6: HJ..!: ,. Let us _\lone" (Poem),
EI'U1CILf:Il.7 : .
):;fi; Lincoln, Presitlent, The
Death uf, Xiculay alld llll!.!. 11: 40:3: "Lit-
tle GifTen" (Puem), F. U. Tid..ï,OI". 8: 88;
,. .\[arehill!!; Throu!.!;h (;'eorda" <Son!.!;), H'OI'k,
8: fiO(); )[:ireh to the Sea, The, (;m. Shaman,
7: 5.')(); :\lunitl...r, \ïctory of the. 1<: SI/.illt(tn,
9: ]-!-l: \lol'gan. Attempt to Capture. ./.lfitch-
d, 6: 5:
:l: .. .\Iusie in ('amp ., (Poem). J. R.
T1,ul/lp,
"Il. 8 : Hj"; ., '\[y \Iarylaml"' (Poem),
R(/udall, 9: 5H<Î: Xegl"O Soldiers at Port
Hudson, O. Jr. 1 Jïllinm..ç. 10: 48H: "
ew
Gospel of Peace. The." n7,ite.8: k:
ew York
at the Beginning of. BÚlltlt. 8: 5H; Xight-
\\"ateh after Fair Oaks. _\. U-ormeley. 9: H 1 5;
"() Captain! '\[y ('aptaill!" (Poem). Jr.
Whitman, 7 : 510: .. 01.1 .\Ian and Jim, The"
(Poem) Riley, 11: 134: "OurOnlers" (Poem),
I{fJ/()I', 7: 4!'H: Patriotism of Arehbbhop
I1ughe8. H!lg"I.
, I): 414: Pelham's Death,
POem after. J. E. Cooke, 8: 4.5: Petroleum
Y. Xasb
's Letters, etc.. LOf..'ke. 9: 108. et "'g.;
Popular Song's and Ballads of. radoll.ç
-lll-
thor.ç, 8: 361-311; "Reveille," (Poem). ./.JI. 0'-
COTillOr, 11 : 334 ; "Rull-Call" (Poem), Slltp-
herd, 9: 331: " Samhu's Ri
ht tu be Kilt"
(Poem), HIIlpill.e, 8: 419; ., ::;herillan's Ride"
(Poem),Rcacl, 8 : 3{j; Sheridan's Ride. Xar-
rated by Gm. Sheridan. 8: 5t.i6; Sherman, the
Soldier, Rdt!. 9: 4.1: Soldiers'
lonument,
Inseription un a (Pocm), AlItler.so1/, 11: 38fÎ;
So. Carolina, A Suutherner on. 1f. ..11. Baka,
8: 2-18; Southern Yilla1!e in 'G4. no. _11. Baker.
8: 250; Stanton, Secretary, rril.
ou. 7: HJO
"Stonewall Jackson" (Poem), Flash. 9: 2!J0;
"Stonewall Jackson's "<ay" (Poem). J. TV.
Púlmer,8: 2;'}fI: Stuart, J. E.B., G. C. EY!I'eston,
10: 22: .. Thou>:andalH1 Thirty-Seyen, The"
(Poem), IIalpine. 8: 418
Thoma8. t
eneral,
Garfield. 8: 5
Î; ., Lnùer the Blue" (Poem),
BI'owlle, 10: 20(j; Lr!.!:Ìng Emandpation. Let-
ters tu I.incoln, (;rcelcy. 7: 8].82: \ïl"ksburg,
Gen. (;j'{(lIt, 7: 5Î8: ,. \ïeksburg" (Poem),
Hayne, 8: -llil; "\ïrg-inians of the Yalley,
The" (Poem), Tie/wor, 8: 87; ,.y olunteer,
Thc " (Poem), Cntler, 8 : :):
:3 ; " Year of .J n hi-
lee, The" (Song), 1Fork. g : COl.-See, also,
Xoted tiayings, Urator!.!, .'JlavI1-Y. etc.
French and Indian (1754-60).-
_\cadian Exiles, The, T. .f[ulcllÍu.
úlI, 3 : ;jH:
Acadian Exilcs, The, G. BI11/('1"Q{l, 6: Ii;
Hrmldock,
\. Remunstrance \\ ith. .Fraukliu,
3: 11; Hr:uhlol"k's Defeat,
tory of. W.
Lil.i/(flxlon. 2: 45H: Quebel". Battle of, Pa1"k-
man, 8: 104; Quehec, !-'all of, S" Aill'.
, 2 :
4Î2; Yen-e uf the F. am1 I. \r., 2: 47ft
Indian Troubles
Various (1620-
1725).-Annawon, Fate of the Great,
CI rcll, 2: fi
; Bruoktieh1, Sieg-e üf.
n7/fe!cr, 1: 4
:;; Da,"cnl'ort. _\nel"dute of
Captain, Jul(/(.
úl/, 1: 321; FiI.:,.t Eneounter,
Stury of the, Bratlfcn'cl aUll lrill.s!t,ll'. 1 : 120;
LO\ewell's Fig-ht, Ballat1 of, Alfoll.. 2: 2
14:
Xarrag-an>:ct Fort, Taking uf, HilMaI'd, 2:
26: Pawcatuck, Blooll\-lIan"e"t of, JIllson, 1:
IS.,
PerIllOt Fort at :\[
:::tie, Taldng uf,
Jla!!on, 1: It;(); Pequot \Var, The. Jla.
oll. 1:
180-1
H; Philip, King-. Dcath of, Church. 2:
ü-1; "Philip's \V ar,Fn tertaininl! Pa"",a2:es Re-
lating to," Clwrch, 2 : {j:l-,] : Pi!!:\\ :I('ket, En-
g-ag"ementat,SYTIliIfl.
, 2: 2f10 : Rowhlnl..l;;fln'",
:\1.lry, X arrati,"e of, _11. RO/J'lfl/ldxon, 2: 5:3--
G2; Trouhlcs with the Iudiam;, Xarrative of
the, fluòbard, 2 : 2&-32.
King George's (1744-48).-Louis-
buurg, Siege of, .Bdhlll]J, 3 : 313.
King William's (1689-97).-Frellch
on Hloek hl:UlII, The, ,S. ...Yilt.s. 2: 4G4.
Mexican (1846-48). - ChHpu}tppec,
The Storming of. Ripley, 11: ü!H.-See, al"o,
Xútcd SayiJtgs.
Of 1812 (1812-15).-Battle of Kew
Orlcan", Ga!lar1"
, 6: 241i: Battle of the
Thallle>:,J1. ..lI. BIYI.ckclIrid!jc, :>: 108; ,. Con
ti-
tution," The. and the "Guerrière," H. Jl.
.B/"ackwridge. 5: lOß : Perry's lJe
pat('h after
Lake Erie. 0.. ll. /'Prr'lj. 4: 400; Sentiment
of a Navaillero, Decatui", 4 : 400.
Queen Anne's (1702-13),-Deerfield
.\lassaere aud Captin:::o, J. lJïlliam,
, 2: Ul-
GENERAL L..YDEX.
248: Xicholson's Disastrous Expedition,]>, 1l-
hallow, 2 : :!-;..
Revolutionary (1775-83).-Adams's
)Ionarchical Ideas, n-arreit, 3 : 1:!4 : --\dtlref:s
Adopted by Congress, 8 .Jul", 1;.5, R. H.
Lee, 3 : 182; Address to His ::\Ïajesty's Com-
mis"ioners, S. Adam.
, 3: 9"2;
-\ddre;::s to the
Briti"h People, Jr,y, 3: 32.=): _.\ndré, Execu-
tiun of. TlwchPI', 4: ;-m; "Bon Homme Hich-
anl"and the"Sel"al'if:," .-\etion betwpen, ItJlll
Jones, 3: 3"2; Bo,.ton ::\Iassaere, Oration OIl,
n
II"1't7l, 3: 2.,)
: British )ti;::
overIlInent. (;al-
lOll'ay, 3: 127; Brith-h Officers in Amel'iea,
Gt"ilyrlon, 3: 4;;7: Britj"h Protection fÎ the
Lm-alists, T. JUlle.
, 3: 138;" Bunker Hill "
(Pi,em), B. F. TaylUl', 8 : 48; " Carmen Belli-
co;::um" (Poem), G. H. Jlc..1I(1st, r, 8: 432;
Champe, Episolle of. H. Lee, 4: 75 : Charles
Lee. Capture of, Wilkinso1l, 4: lOfj: CoI.
IIa.\ ne, Exel'ution of, Thachel', 4: 43: Com-
malHler-in-Chief. Hb Acceptance, JVashiJ/g-
ton, 3: 146: éOlllmel'cÏal .\rgument against
Separation, Galluway, 3: 1:W: Confinement
in the Tower of LOIHlon, Laurel/B, 3: 10::; :
Conneeticut Light Horse, The, GmUdoJl. 3 :
41;2: Credit in Europe, .\merican, Fmllklin,
3: 47: Declal'ation in 17ì5, On the, JolwIJick-
ÍltSQII, 3: 178: Deelaration of Independ-
ence, J'.D'e/'.W1l. 3: 2t\6: Duty to Posterity. A.
JoIOt IJickill.
OIt, 3: 177; Fel1eral Arehiyes,
Plot to /Seize, J,foo([y, 3 : 30ti; Fort ::\Ioultrie,
G. BaJl('l'ofl, 6: 13 : Franklin's Testimon, "e-
fore the Ìlouse of Commons, Fral/kliÎ/. 3 :
21: George III., Arraignment of. Dmytoll.
3 : :!61 : Hale and AIIl1ré, HtU/lwlt .-ldams, 4:
65: Hi..tory of the H. \V., Warren, 3: I:!H:
.Journal and Letter" in Endand, ,1. Quincy,
J".,3: :!00-2!J6: Lee and Washin
ton at )Ion-
mnuth. Üvill,l/. 5 : 80 ; Letter from Con
ress
to their Constituents, Jay, 3: 326; Letters
on the Revúlution, Deelaration of Inilepellll-
enee, etc., J. Adalll..
, 3: Ul8-
5: Letter to
a Xoble Lon1. Otis, 3 : 118 : Letter to a Rl'l're-
ant .-\mprit'an (t;alloway), .f: Hopki/mJ7t, 3 :
2-1:::; : Letter to the (;oyernors of the State".
R. R. Li/'illg.
toll, 3: a71; Letter to "'.
Strahan, .fì'anklil/. 3: 3tj: Le!l..in
ton, G.
BIltl'/'QJ1. 6: 10: Lon1 Selkirk, Attempt to
Capture. Rllll .Julles, 3: 380 : )[eaning of the
HeYolutil,n, lilt/if J"ð"fJO'/lt. 3 : 103 ; )Ien of the,
Spa/'h, 5 : 1!
-I: : :x at ural Hi
hts of the Colo-
ni..ts. S, A,lmlts, 3 : HI : On a Prison Ship, B.
Allen, 3: :!.")-I: : Paine's "Common Sense." 3 :
2W,-" The .Crbis," 2'21-2'J.'>,-" Rig-hts of
)Ian," 22.')-:!2s: Patt'iot Leaders, The, Hutclt-
ÙtSOlt. 3 : 61 : Philadelphia and the 1.0.\ ali"ts.
G"',y(/ßu, 3: 460; Prisoners of the \Var.
Rrlm,W!y, 3 : :m8 : Rc,.lIlts of, Ramsay, 3 : 401 ;
Hh!;ht tv Freedom, etc., John IJickiu.wl7I, 3:
1.6: Ridngton's Petit inn, .-\ Parod.\ on, With-
erspoo't, 3: 100: Scenes awl Lnddent" of,
Thacher, 4: 42: Sodety of the Cinl"innati,
BvltdiJwt, 4: 15: Some ::\atirieal Di,.tinc-
t ions, F. llo}lkilt.
on, 3: 28ü: Southern
"'omen in, Ganlm, 4: 1
2: Speeehes in
the Vir!!inia Convention and Legblature.
Hcm'?!. 3: :!1-1-21s: Stamp Act, Orig-in of,
Fl"allklill, 3: -!û; Ticolll1eroga. Capture of,
B. .oWen, 3: 25:3 : Tory's Petition, A, Ri/'il'll-
ion, 3 : ns: Vindication of the Colonies, J.
nÎ'..
on, 3: :!60 : \Vad"worth anl1 Burton, Es-
eape of, T. Dwif/ltt, 3: 46:J: WalIlin!!"to Gn
at
Britain. Prophetic. Frauklill, 3: 23: "'arn-
iug tu the Colonbts, JuJUI IJickittstJlt, 3: 1.5;
647
Washington's Letters, 3: H(,. ct seq.-See,
also, ..Voted Sayil/íJ'
, OratfJI"y. et c.
"Ward, Artemus" (Pseucl.).-See C. F.Bro1l'I/e.
'" -\RD, ELlzABETHSTT: -\RT PIIELP
, 10: :34-1-
;j:!.
W.\RD, X -\TlHXIEL.l: 2.6-2%.
\" ARD,
..nILEL, 7: 194-HI5.
WARD, WILLI.\:\I II \YE
, 9 : :314-317.
WARE, HE'liH1. JR., I): 3,'",0-351.
W..\.RE. \rILLI..HI, 5: 451-460.
W \HIXG, (iEORGE E... JR., 9: 71-80.
WARXER, CIHRLES DrDLEy. 8: 4-1
58.
\VARXER, S{""
A
. 7 : 8öO-:{IH.
\VARREX, E:\IILY. 11 : 34:!.
\Varren, :Fitz-Henn", Xuf,d Saying, 11:4.'H.
\V AHREX, .J O,..EPH. 9 :
;)6-:!.,)!-I.
\C
RRE
, )[EHCY; 3: 1:!1-1:!ö.
W MIII
liTOX. tiEoWiE, 3: 146--1i'4; 11 : Hi:
Bp. White's Herniniscences of. 3: 3!J7;
""eem:<'s Life of, 4: 24,-)Iarshall',," Life of,
5U-w, - .-\mes's Eulogy on, 137, - Al..op's
Poem to, 167,-R. T. Paine's Eulogy on, 843,
-His Pre1'idential Reception.... Sullivatt, 34fj;
at )Ionmouth, I) : t-i0; Lodge's ::;tudy of, 10 :
5tH.
\Y.\S
OX, DAVID .A TWOOD. 8: 119.
\Y -\T"'O
, ELK.\XAII, 4 : 15:!-WO.
\YAT"'O
, JUII" FA
XIXI;, 4 : 3U5-401.
\Y ATTERSOX, HEXRY, 10: .')-1-:-).').
'" H L \XD, :FRAX("I
, 5 : 44tH-Þ3.
\VERll, CH -\HLE:, HEXRL 9 : :!:!5-228.
\YEH
TER. DAXIEL, 4 : 450-17.; 7: Hl1: 11: 337,
-4-m. 4.")2: T. StP\'ens on. 5: 2.=)7,-At Bunker
Rill, Goodridl,
;j,-Choate's Eulogy onA!-JS,
501 ; (Juilll'Y's .-\neellote pf, 6: 1:!4: Hj" En
-
lish Style. Whipple, 7: 897: Wilkinson's De-
fence of. 9 : 18..-t)(le on. HO; Carpenter's
Lines on, 10 : (j.'j ; and see I) : 36.
"-EB"'TER,
oAn, 4: 148-1.")0.
WI:ED, TllntLuw. 5: 470-4.2: 11: 450.
""I:EKS, HUHERT KEI LEY. 10: 37-38.
\\'EE:\IS, )L\.
ox L., 4 : 2-1-:3t.i.
WEI:,:" JOllX, 7: 372-374.
"-FLBY. _bU:LB B.. 7 : 5Ii:{.
WFU'H, PlllupHEXRY, 10: 518-521.
"'EI.DE, TUo:\l \5, 1 : 28:>-244, -and see Bay
P,
a'/It Book. 211.
\YELL
, D \ \ ID A:\IE
. 8 : 3.{)-879.
WI::\DELL, B-\RRETT,11 :
17-221.
" \Yetherell, Elizabeth" (Pseuù. ).-See
USttlt
lI'ttTl'eJ',
Whcatle.\", Philli,.-:,,'I' r"iJ'i.
lr. Hl,r.
.
"'IIE-\TOX, HEXR1. 5: 97-101.
"'HI:n.EH, C \PT -\I
THml \.,... 1 : 4:-;,')-495.
"'HIPPLE, ED\n
PERCY. 7 : 3!I:!--I:OO.
""HI:'TLEH,.J A \IE"'.-\BBOTT :\k
EILL,9:206-208,
"'lIlT -\KER. ..\ LE:\. \. "DEU, 1 : 3ti-4(1.
WIIITcm:H, FRAXI'ES )IlItI UI, 7: 00-98.
WIIITE, .\ "DUE\\" Dln,;:"'o
. 8 : ,")JJ-.")t;2.
WHITE. HORACE, 9: 21-1-225,
"'fiITE. RIC'I1-\RD(iR\.XT,8: 3-19.
WllITE, WILLLnl. 3 : a9ô-a!I
.
"'IIIT1
G. CII Utl.l> GOOI>HICH, 10: 177-179.
'rllInl-\
, SunIl HELFX. 6: 215--217.
\YHIT:\UX; W..\Lr, 7: 501-51il; as" The Carpen-
ter" (hy O'Connor), 9 : :>
.
\VllITXE1. .\DELI'liE Ih-TTn
TRAIX, 8: 203.
"'fiITXE1", Axxt:, 7 : 53U-5-!O.
"'IIITXn, W ILI.I \ \1 [)" WllT, 8 :
3-1-341.
"'IIITn
, .LuIE" :\IORRI". 9: 141-14-1.
\YHlTTIER. ELIZ-\BETH lIl,..."'El, 7: 2
1-2!S2"
,rHlTTlER. JOll'\ (;REE
LE-\F. 6: a,"):
8)o:n.
" Willow Bedott" (Pseud. ),-8ee FJ"tI/tces _11:
lI'hiic!tu.
\\"JGGLE:>\HJRTII, )IICIIAEL, 2: 3-19,
648
G El-r-ERA.L L.YDEX.
\YILCOX, ELLA WHEELER. 10: 3.'lG-337.
"'ILDE, RICHARD HE
RY, I): UH-185.
\VILKESO
, SAMUEL, 7: 5
1-;)82: 11: 455.
\VILKIr.S, )IAH}. ELE \XOR, 11 :
88-2!)(t
'WILKIr;
ox, J ,UIES, 4: : 101;-110.
"'ILKIXSON, \VILLIA"\I CLEA YEU, 9: 137-141.
\VILLARD, E'OIA HAHT, 5: 128.
WILLAHD, 8A
ILEL, 2: 7!-75.
\YILLIA "\IS, }<'RANCI:-. HOWARD, 10 : 2:iG-243.
\fILLI HIS, GEOHGE 'YA
II1XGTOX, 10: 488-492.
"'ILLIA)15, .JOlIx, 2: 241-248.
\VILLlA)IS, ROGEH,I: 246-253,-)[orton'sStory
of the Separation of, 412.
\YILLlS, NATHAXIEL PARKER, 6: 256-269; 7:
WI.
\VILL:"OX, FORCEYTllE.9: 45R-4ß1.
"'ILSOX, ALEXAXDEH. 4 : 22:3-227.
\VIL50X, ALGl:STA EVAXS, 9: 307-311.
\VIL:"OX, EpIPHAxn-:", 11 : 344.
\VILSON, IIE
HY, 7: 160-162.
WILSON, JUlES, 3: 2IìO-261.
\VILSOX, ROBEHT Bntxs, 10: 553-5:54.
\VIXC-HELL, ALEXA'\"DER. 8: 204-2116.
\VIXSLOW, EDWAHD, 1: 130-138,-anù see
BJ"((dford'.
ami nïl,.
ltf1I"S JUUJ"lIal, 116.
\YIXSOH, .Jc!,;TIX, 8: 597--600.
WI
TEH, WILLI.BI, 9: 348-305.
\\'IXTHROP, JOHX, 1 : 2!H-30g,-E. Johnson's
Poem to, 324,-N. ..Mortun's Eulogy of, 417,
-and see 2()U.
Wn,THHop, .JOliN, 2: 438-441.
"'Ir;TIIUOP,
[AHGAHET, 1 : 310-311.
'WIXTHHOP, ROliEuT CllAHLES, 6: 420-429; 7 :
HI3.
\YIXTllnop, THEODORE, 9: 3-18.
WUtT. \fn.LLDI, 4: 314--331; Kennedy's Life
of. 5 : 3!-13.
WISE, HENUY ArGrsTGs. 7: 405-4%.
\VISE, IS\AC )L\YER. 7: 402-405.
WISE, JOHN, 2: 230-23I.
WITCHCRAFT AND WONDERS.
-Beelzebub and his Plot, C. .J.1Iather, 2 : 114;
Burruu!!hs, Re'''. <..eurg-e, Trial uf, C. J.1Illt"el',
2: 120; City Helped of the Lord, A. C. Jlutha,
2 : IS'3 : Concerning Remarkahle JUdgments,
1. Mather, 2 : 76 ; D:{'mon at William )Iorse
His House, The, 1. ..}Intlter. 2: 79; Discoyery
of Wikheio, Of the, 1. Jlatltc1', 2: flU; Indian
Superstitiuns, Gyles, 2: 317 ; Im-isibilizing of
\Vitches. C. Jlathn', 2: 127: Juùg"e Sewall's
Confession, S. Sewall, 2 : 1
8: )Iarg-aret Rule,
Story of, C. ..lIathcr, 2: 129: )f artha Carrier,
How 8he was tried, C. .Jlatlter, 2 : 125; Salem,
The Yictims of, Up/wm. 6: 106; Sig-n of the
Blazing Star, 1. .;.lIathu,2 : 'ì.j ; That there be
Dæmons and Pusses8ed Persons, 1. Mother,
2:
5 : Touchiug the Supposed \\ïtehcraft in
Xew England, Calej
2:]11 ; Warning" to the
::\Iinisters, A, Calif, 2: W7; Witchcraft and
the
Iathcr8, J. Qlli7lC1J, 4: 30fl: Witchcraft
in Salem.Law.
o1t, 2: JOU: \Vorkin!!", of
atan,
Of the, l.Jlather, 2 :
K).-See, al
o, N. Haw-
tllUrne (" Y uung Guodman Brown").
"YITIIER
POOX. JOIIX, 3: 100-107.
\VOLCOTT, ROGEH. 2: 319-321.
"'OLLEY, CHAHLE5, 2: 48-51.
"'OOD, GEOUGE, 6: 22-
6.
\VOOD, \VILLLDI, 1: 1511-1(\5.
"'OODllEURY, (;EOH(,E EDWARD. 11: 211-217.
\\'OODlHUDGE, BEX.LUIIx.l : 35!}-ðtH.
\\'OODlll:HY, LEVI, 5: 19f1-HlH.
"'OOIlS, KATE TA
xATT. 11: 344.
\YOODWORTII, Snn.-EL, 5: 101-10'3.
WOOLF, BEXJA:mx Enw.\Im, 9: 418-42I.
". OODI \ x, J OH:S, 3 : 7
-85.
\VOOL8EY, S.\lUII CUArxcE1", 9: G07-609.
\VOOLSI::Y, TIIEODORE DWIGHT, 6: 5t'-61 : 11 :
37 !-37fi.
\YOOLsOX, COXSTANCEFE
I:\IOHE, 10: 425-!3ð.
\foucE8TER, XO.\I1. 4 : 146-147.
\YOUK, HEXHY CLn, 8: 600-1)02.
"-0I0IELEY. K.\TIIARIXE PHE
COTT, 9: 1!1;)-
19
.
" Xariffa " (PseUl1.).-
ee .;.l[(tj.y A. Town
f1Id.
YOXGE, FnAI\CI..., 2 :
77-279.
YOl-)UN':". EDW.\HD LIYlW,8TOX. 8: lfJ-:!1.
lm.-'f(" ('II \HLES ArGrSTrs. 9: 2H3-:!35.
YorxG, \VILLIA.
l, 10: 3G5-371.
THE EXD.
ACKNO,VLEDG
fENTS.
The Editors and the Publishers of this work are under obligations to many Pub-
lishing Houses, without whose generous coöperation the LmRARY OF A:
[EmCAN
LITERATt::"RE could not be completed upon its design. Besides OUl' general thanks
to authors, editors, etc., whose copyrighted works are represented in the course of
this series, special acknowledgment is here made to the following proprietors of
matter used in the present yolume:
)Iessrs. D. ApPLETO
& Co., Xew York.-Jldlilsta's Histm'y 0/' the Peo}IZeq.f tlle
United Strltes.
The ARGOXAUT PCBLISllIXG CmrPAXY, San Francisco.-Selections fl'om TIle
tr-
gtJllUltf.
.:\Iessrs. A. C. AR
rSTIWXG & Sl)
,
ew York.-JIiðs I{illg's JIUhSioll' Jlufte / The
.lYelc p,.inætolt Revielr.
BELFOHD CmIPXXY, XewYork.-IIildretll's TIle JItWj ue 0/' Deatll J'S((ltllí
's
t Tr({l1-
sient Guest.
.:\Iessrs. ROBERT ROXXER'S So
s, New York.-Gl"lt,zy's TIle .lYetn Suuth (fn"'l The
..LYelr }
01'k Ledge1').
The BowEx-1IEHlUT.L CmIPAXY, Indianapolis.-Rihy's
t1Cl"lrhilt:s.- TI,e Buss GiJ'l,
- The Ol,l Sirimmin' -lloh.
BnExTAxo'S, Xew York.-(Jílrle!f) JJitcllCll'S Syh'Ïtlh.
The CASSELL Pcm,ISIIIXG ('O)IPAXY, Xe,," York.-P. BigelOir's The (;a7l/({ll J;m-
Jlp/'or; JJiss COlle'.'1 Ol'e1'un alld PIIC/'; J' Day'ð Poems J' Sidney (ll({rlrll/fl) Llosk(l's
t Lotil/-
QIltll'tel' CUllrtðldl' J' J{ellyol/'s III Rmlllls of Guld.
The CATllOLIC PcnLICATIOX SOCIETY CO)IPAXY
Xew York.-JIisð COJoray's On tlle
Sit/lrise Slo}Ie.
The CEXTI"HY CO)IPAXY, Xc,," York.-EtlICrtrdð's Tlro RlllIrtlr({!I''I J"J. .It..{fasfJlI'.'1
Alttobiogl'a}IIIY;
Yicul((y's and [IffY's
lll/'ttl/(l1n Lillcoln:
1 Jli1<fm'YJ' RII.
.
drðPOOIIS / TI,f'
('tJtf IIr]! .1Jlagflzille J' St. l\iclwlffs.
)[essrs. CrsIIIxG & RULEY, Baltimore.-Jlix.
Rt:ne's
1 B}'(Illrh r:f JIf/Y.
)[es;:rs.. DE ,,- OLFE, FISKE & ('0., Boston (by transfer from )[essrs. <'l"PPLE:. &
lJuRD).-JIrs. r;I'alle'S Cape Cod PoZks,-Tulrlu;rul ; Ridthlfj's
1 Little l]lðfffrt.
)Iessrs. DODD, 1IEAD & Co., Xew York.-Schoulll"S IlÙ40rll c:f the ClIiful ,'totes
/Illlla the CUllsti}lttion / Tuclal'ii/llIl'S LUè C!t' Lttf(tyätt:.
)[('ssrs. E. H. [LUIE:': & Co., Boston.-&lectiolOì /Î'01n TlwLiterrtl'Y Trul'M.
)[cssrs. H \TIPEH & BROTHERS, :New York.-JIl'!I. Rit"LS ClwlIln-'lj nl'[liltitt
t' ril'-
gil/ia J' ("Il,tix's The CUI',.exjJondcncc I!.f J. L. }lotley J' Ri}llt:y's TIlt Hill' 1cith Jlu.'ico : Jfiss
Hilkills's
t Hll1nUe Romance J' H-uodbuTY'S Ilixtory (
t' lroud EIIgI'arllig J' Jltll'l'U"S
YtW
Jltl/dMy J.!tt[la::ilte ,. Il'(}'l,cI"s H?ükly.
1[u:srs. IIEXHY JIm:l' & Co.. Xcw York.-JIiss.llIcCldZal/d'lj Oblil'i"li.
.ACJ{
SO JVLEDGJIE...LYTS.
)Iessrs. HOC"GllTOX, )IIF
LI
&: Co., Boston.- The Atlfllltic J[ontlily,. T. BfCOh'S
BiofjJ'((l'hy f!.( Delia Bacon
' J[/,8. (Eleanor Putnam) Battt>"s Old S((I
iJl; JIr8. Deland's
JullIt 1t
a/'(l, Prelldltl'
' UiZmalt'S Pl'qfit Sharinfj betlreen Emj,zoyeJ' alal Employee " Grant's
The lÚú1.Ce of ]jUlI'ts " JIið8 Guiney's fiOltfj8 at the Stal't,- The lVhite Sail,' llcnde7'son's
TIle P,'elate / lIolcc's SfOJ'y qf a COlint"y T01Cll/ Jb-s. Lathrop's
llollg tllt: 81101'e " .J.lliss
(C}'(uldock) Jbll:fl'tt's In the Tell naj,
ce JfOlillto illt(,- PaYlle's Sigurd ,,"iZelllbe (B)ürmon);
.J.lfi.
s Tlwl/ïrls'S A J\
elc Ta(}"s Jlrls'l"e,-TIIC Round Te{fr,-LY1'ics and :5onnets,. JlJ's. Jim
Rell.
ðelaCt".i Si.v POI'tmits " JVt:Tu7ell's The Duchess EmilÙt / lVoodbeJ'ry's The J\TOl.th Shore
Wrltch.
The D. I...OTIIllOP CmlP_-\.)tY, Boston.-BeJlstl's In the King's {;((rdeJl" Scollw'/l's
Tritll Rwl and Lyre.
Ie!'srs. )!Ac:mLLAx &;Co., London and Xew York.- Crall:fol'd's Gre
feJlstein.
:\Iessrs. _\.. C. )IcCLL"RG &; Co., Chicago.-Bfll'l'oll's The rikinv " Jfrs. ('atheJ'lc()lJd's
The Story It" 1'U1I(11 " JliðlJ FUlJ'ing's TIle ôlal'i7lg World.
)[r. D.\ YID )[d\: H, Phila.-Lii,7eJ's'slllld Smith's ]J"ll(), JIy PalLcy .' ,. Thaytl"s TIle
C,,}{fl.
t<i"IIS /
,. rlcrJlles.
)[('s:::rs. )hTCJIELL &- )IrLLER, Xew York.-JÍtfrtin's.A Little Bl'otha qf the Rich.
)[c:::",rs. JOIIN P. XOHTOX &; Co., Louisyille.-C{IICtin'.
l('coZon '?f Glud.
The ÛYERLAXD )IOXTIILY CmIPAXY, San Francísco.-Selt:ctiullsjí'um The Our1((}ul
Jfuldltly.
)[essrs. 'Y
I. _\.. POXD &; Co., Xew York.-JIJ's. IlOlN1J.t1I'S SUI/g, , Tis but a little
J(((71:17 F7IJ1NJ'.
)Ies
rs. PORTEll & COATE:-., Phila.-JJ(lcIlcllm"s IIYT/ln.
/ Penllyparke1".
fiettysbllr9.
)[essrs. G. P. PLTXA
I'S Soxs,
ew York.-Jfrs. Dawl1'Ùlge's Poems " the Jli.
ses
Goodfde's ....1Pi'lt-BloððulII.
,-A17 fl()lllHl tlle Tem' " Ril'll{I}'(7iiu/t'.
_lmaiCfln Literature;
JIrs. Rollins's The RÙlg oj Anu:tll!jt(t / Rooserelt'.
II/lilting Trips '!t' (t R((llcltrllun.
)Iessrs. .A. D. F. H.-\.XDOLPII &; Co., Xew York.-JIrs. p.'/)x.WJ/l'.
Fisldn' JÏ1/I7IIY.
)Ics",rs. ROBERTS BUOTIIERS, Bo
ton.-J[ixs (f{lJ'Jlclde1"s SI)/lflt- COlinty
Yt:i!lhbOJ's,,'
JfJ'.
. Elliut(s The San Rosrlrio Rallth " In.
s Fldcha's Jli}'({ge,- rCðtigia,. R. T. S.
IlJIrc71'.
TIle
Yell' Prit:.
t in COll('('l,tiurl, Bay; 11. _ tlmnÚ IIistoJ'Y /
fthe "Líli[{d States.
) [e,.;srs. C'I[,\RLES ::3CRIBXEU'S Soxs, Xew York.-BJ'O/r/lell's French Traits,. Bltn-
lIer's _iiI's from _lrcml!f.-Ioce in Old Ol(latlle.
,. J[I'S. COtJI/t7)S'.i As Cummon JJ(J7'(ol.'1;
Fru7CJ'ie's Sdlt'.
EJ'ofl1a's lqtè; G{mIOlt'S and PO!le'.
B':.to' de lrar,. Lfltlll'Oj/s An EellO
'
"PII.
.
i(J1I ; Jloffllelr.
's PlaYi'II
1 fl Part ,. p{{fjc'l3 III Ole rirfjinÙt ,. Pyle's Otto ojtlte SilL'CI'
l[a lid : Sai7l1itl"s J[{{!lo::ine ,,' Stimson '.
JIrs. Illlnllys.
)Iessrs. E. STEWElt & Co., Xew York.-(EI'other _1Zfll'i{(s) J[,tllany's _lddre.ss On
Tllil/king.
)Ie
:-:rs. FREDERICK
\.. STOKES & BnoTIIER, :New York.-Pick's Cap and Bells /
:5coll{lJ'{l's Old and ...LYClr lrorld Lyrics " Shennan's J[fldrigal.
and Oatchcs.
)[essrs. TICKXOIt & Co., Boston.-_ld':lIolrle.dglllent i.'1 a[lain dlte fOl' the original
9 1 'md C!.f'll/affel' containul in cU'tain 1COI'ks.710ll' trrlll.
fel'l'e,l to Jfes81's. II01lghton, _lliJllin
& ('0., {(fl,l "7'ejJJ'C.
ellted mll.ollg the publicatiul/s C1'u7itul to the 7{(st-named .firm.
The LXIYEllSITY OF "XOTUE DDIE, Sonth Bend. Intl.-E
;{tn's Preludes.
)[essrs. 'YnrrE &
\.LLEX, Xew York.-E{tfon's _lcadiaJl Lcgends alld LY1'ics.
The fine portraits of Gilder and Harris (Vol. X.), amI of Page (Vol. XI.), fire from
electrotypes supplied by :\Ies:::rs. Harper &- Brothers.
For an acknowledgment of certain other engmvings, etc., attention is invited to
the recapitulation which follows the Preface in this Volume.
.
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2726
STEDP
N & HUTCHINSCN. PS
504
Library of '"r:lerican literature. .S8 ·
vol. 11, 1861-1888. v.ll