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B>EDEKER'S  GUIDE  BOOKS. 

GREAT  BKITAIN,  with  10  Maps.  30  Plans,  and  a  Panorama. 

Third  Edition.     1894.  10  marks. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS,  with  3  Maps  and  18  Plans. 

Ninth  Edition.     1894.  6  marks. 

THE  UNITED  STATES,  with  an  Excursion  into  Mexico. 

With  17  Maps  and  22  Plans.     1893.  12  marks. 

THE  DOMINION  OF  CANADA,  with  Newfoundland  and 

Alaska,     with  lO  maps  and  7  Plans.    189i.  5  marks. 

BELGIUM  AND   HOLLAND,   with  13  Maps   and  'il  Plans. 

Eleventh  Edition.     1894.  6  marks. 

THE  RHINE    from    Rotterdam  to   Constance,   with  39 

Maps  and  21  Plans.     Twelfth  Edition.     1892.  7  marks. 

NORTHERN    GERMANY,    with    32  Maps    and    56  Plans. 

Eleventh  Edition.     1S93.  8  marks. 

SOUTHERN   GERMANY,    with    10  Maps    and    15    Plans. 

Eighth  Edition.     1895.  5  marks. 

THE  EASTERN  ALPS,  with  41  Maps,  12  Plans,  and  7  Pano- 
ramas.    Eighth  Edition.    1895.  10  marks. 
GREECE,  with  8  Maps,  15  Plans,  and  a  Panorama  of  Athens. 

Second  Edition.     1894.  8  marks. 

NORTHERN  ITALY,  including  Leghorn,  Florence,  Ra- 
venna, with  26  Maps  and  29  Plans.  Tenth  Edition.    1895.     8  marks. 

CENTRAL  ITALY  and  ROME,  with  10  Maps,  33  Plans,  and 

a  Panorama  of  Rome.     Eleventh  Edition.     1893.  6  marks. 

SOUTHERN  ITALY,  SICILY,  etc.,  with  25  Maps  and  1 6  Plans. 

Eleventh  Edition.    1893.  6  marks. 

NORWAY,     SWEDEN,  and  DENMARK,    with  27  Maps, 

15  Plans,  and  2  Panoramas.     Sixth  Edition.     1895.  10  marks. 

PARIS  AND  ITS  ENVIRONS,  with  Routes  from  London 

TO  Paris.  With  12  Maps  and  33  Plans.  Eleventh  Edition.  1894.  6  marks. 

NORTHERN  FRANCE,  with  9  Maps  and  27  Plans.    Second 

Edition.      1894.  7  marks. 

SOUTH-EASTERN  FRANCE,  with  13  Maps,  12  Plans  and 

a  Panorama.     Second  Edition.     1895.  5  marks. 

SOUTH-WESTERN  FRANCE,  with  10  Maps  and  13  Plans. 

Second  Edition.     1895.  5  marks. 

SWITZERLAND,  with  47  Maps,  12  Plans,  and  12  Panoramas. 

Sixteenth  Edition.     1895.  8  marks. 

LOWER  EGYPT,  avith  the  Peninsula  of  Sinai,  with  14 

Maps,  32  Plans,  and  7  Views.     Third  Edition.     1895.  12  marks. 

UPPER  EGYPT,  AND  Nubia  as  far  as  the  Second  Cata- 
ract.   With  11  Maps  and  26  Plans.    1892.  10  marks. 
PALESTINE  AND  SYRIA,  with  17  Maps,  44  Plans,   and  a 

Panorama  of  Jerusalem.     Second  Edition.     1894.  12  marks. 

CONVERSATION  DICTIONARY  in  four  languages.    Eng- 
lish, French,  German,  Italian.  3  marks. 

THE  TRAVELLER'S  MANUAL  OF  CONVERSATION,  in 

English,  Gekman,  French,  and  Italian.  3  marks. 


THE  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


SOUTHERN  GERMANY 


MONEY  TABLE. 

(Comp.  p.  xi.) 
Approximate  Equivalents. 


American 

X?»,r. 

[      French 

German 

Austrian 

Money 

iingiisu  iiiuucy 

Money 

Money 

Money 

Doll. 

Cts. 

L. 

S. 

D. 

Fr. 

Cis. 

Jl 

Pf. 

Fl. 

Kr. 



1V4 





Vs 



e'A 



5 



3 

— 

2V2 





I'A 



12>/2 

— 

10 



6 

— 

5 

— 

— 

2V2 

— 

25 

— 

20 

— 

12 



10 





5 



50 



40 



24 



12V2 





6 



621/2 

— 

50 



30 

— 

20 ' 



— 

10 

1 

— 

80 



48 



25 



1 



1 

25 

1 





60 



50 



2 



2 

50 

2 



1 

20 

— 

75 



3 



3 

75 

3 



1 

75 

— 

— 

4 

— 

5 

— 

4 

— 

2 

40 

25 



5 



6 

25 

5 



3 



50 

_ 

6 



7 

50 

6 



3 

50 

75 



7 



8 

75 

7 

_ 

4 

10 

2 





8 



10 



8 



4 

80 

2 

25 



9 



11 

25 

9 

_ 

5 

40 

2 

50 

_ 

10 

_ 

12 

50 

10 

— 

6 

— 

3 





12 



15 



12 



7 

20 

4 

— 

_ 

16 

_ 

20 



16 



9 

60 

5 

— 

1 

_ 

25 

— 

20 



12 

25 

25 



5 





125 



100 



60 

125 

— 

25 

— 

— 

625 

— 

500 

— 

300 

— 

SOUTHERN  GERMANY, 


INCLUDING 

WUETEMBERG    AND    BAVARIA 

HANDBOOK  FOR  TRAVELLERS 

BY 

KARL  BAEDEKER 


With  16  Maps  and  15  Plans 
EIGHTH    REVISED    EDITION 


LEIPSIC :    KARL  BAEDEKER,  PUBLISHER. 

LONDON:  DULAU  &  CO.,  37  SOHO  SQUARE,  W. 

1895 


'Go,  little  book,  God  send  thee  good  passage, 
And  specially  let  this  be  thy  prayere. 
Unto  them  all  that  thee  will  read  or  hear. 
Where  thou  art  wrong,  after  their  help  to  call, 
Thee  to  correct  in  any  part  or  all/ 


THE  LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  or  CMiFOKNlA. 

LOS  ANGELES. 


STACK  ANNEX 


If 

Br 


PREFACE. 


/?7^" 


llic  Handbook  for  Southern  Germany,  which  is 
now  issued  for  the  eighth  time,  and  corresponds  with  the 
twenty-fifth  German  edition,  is  designed  to  assist  the  travel- 
ler in  planning  his  tour  and  disposing  of  his  time  to  the  best 
advantage,  to  render  him  as  far  as  possible  independent  of 
the  services  of  hotel-keepers,  commissionnaires,  and  guides, 
and  thus  to  enable  him  the  more  thoroughly  to  enjoy  and 
appreciate  the  objects  of  interest  he  meets  with  on  his  tour. 

The  Handbook  has  been  compiled  almost  entirely  from 
the  personal  observation  of  the  Editor,  and  most  of  the  country 
described  has  been  repeatedly  explored  by  him  with  a  view 
to  procure  the  latest  possible  information ;  but,  as  many  of 
the  data  in  the  Handbook  relate  to  matters  which  are  con- 
stantly undergoing  alteration,  he  will  highly  appreciate  any 
corrections  or  suggestions  with  which  travellers  may  favour 
him.  Those  already  received,  which  in  many  instances  have 
proved  most  useful,  he  gratefully  acknowledges. 

In  previous  issues  of  the  Handbook,  Southern  Germany 
was  combined  in  one  volume  with  Austria,  but  the  two  coun- 
tries will  henceforth  appear  separately.  In  the  present  volume 
special  attention  has  been  devoted  to  the  art -treasures  of 
Munich  and  other  large  cities;  and  it  is  believed  that  the  in- 
troductory article  upon  South  German  art,  by  the  late  Pro- 
fcssor  A7ito)i  Sprimicr,  will  be  welcome  to  many  travellers. 
The  Alpine  tourist  will  find  the  mountainous  districts  more 
fully  described  in  the  Handbook  to  the  Eastern  Alps.  For 
Baden.  Alsace,  Lorraine,  and  Rhenish  Bavaria  the  traveller 
is  referred  to  the  Handbook  to  the  Rhine. 

The  Maps  and  Plans,  on  which  special  care  has  been 
bestowed,  will,  it  is  hoped,  render  material  service  to  the 
traveller  in  planning  his  tour. 

Time  Tables.  Information  as  to  the  departure  of  trains, 
steamboats ,  and  diligences  is  seldom  to  be  relied  upon  un- 
less obtained  from  local  sources.    Full  and  accurate  time- 


vi  PREFACE. 

tables  are  contained  in  the  ' Reichs-KurshucK ,  published  at 
Berlin,  and  in  'HendscheVs  Telegraph\  published  at  Frankfort 
on  the  Main,  both  of  which  are  issued  monthly  in  summer. 

Distances  by  road  are  given  approximately  in  English 
miles ;  but  in  the  case  of  mountain-excursions  they  are  ex- 
pressed by  the  time  in  which  they  can  be  accomplished  by 
average  walkers.  Heights  are  given  in  English  feet  (1  Engl, 
ft.  =  0,3048  metre  =  0,938  Parisian  ft.  =  0,971  Prussian  ft.), 
and  the  Populations  from  data  furnished  by  the  most  re- 
cent census. 

Hotels.  The  Editor  has  endeavoured  to  enumerate,  not 
only  the  first-class  hotels ,  but  others  of  a  less  pretending 
kind,  which  may  be  safely  selected  by  the  'voyageur  en  gar- 
Qon',  with  little  sacrifice  of  comfort,  and  great  saving  of  ex- 
penditure. Hotel-charges ,  as  well  as  carriage-fares  and  fees 
to  guides,  are  liable  to  frequent  variation,  and  generally  have 
a  strong  upward  tendency;  but  these  items,  as  stated  in  the 
Handbook  either  from  the  personal  experience  of  the  Editor  or 
from  data  furnished  by  numerous  correspondents,  will  at  least 
afford  the  traveller  an  approximate  idea  of  his  expenditure. 
Those  hotels  which  the  Editor  has  reason  to  believe  good  of 
their  class  are  distinguished  by  an  asterisk,  but  he  does  not 
doubt  that  equal  excellence  may  often  be  found  in  hotels  that 
are  unstarred  and  even  unmentioned. 

To  hotel-keepers,  tradesmen,  and  others  the  Editor  begs 
to  intimate  that  a  character  for  fair  dealing  towards  trav- 
ellers forms  the  sole  passport  to  his  commendation,  and  that 
advertisements  of  every  kind  are  strictly  excluded  from  his 
Handbooks.  Hotel-keepers  are  also  warned  against  persons 
representing  themselves  as  agents  for  Baedeker's  Handbooks. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

I.  Language.    Money xi 

II.  Passports.    Custom  Houses xii 

III.  Conveyances xii 

IV.  Excursions  on  Foot xiii 

V.  Hotels xiii 

South  German  Art,  by  Professor  Anion  Springer   ...  xv 

Wurtemberg. 
Route. 

1.  Stuttgart  and  Environs 1 

2.  From  Heidelberg  to  Stuttgart  by  Brucbsal 14 

Maulbronn,  16.  —  From  Zuffenhausen  to  Calw  and  Horb,  16. 

3.  From  Stuttgart  to  Wildbad 17 

From  Pforzheim  to  Calw,  17.  —  From  Pforzheim  to  Durlach, 
18.  —  Excursions  from  Wildbad,  19. 

4.  From  Stuttgart  to  Hanau 19 

From  Jagstfeld  to  Osterburken  and  to  Heidelberg,  22. 

5.  From  Heilbronn  to  Schwabisch-Hall  (Nuremberg).    ...      23 

6.  From  Stuttgart  to  Crailsheim  and  Nuremberg  via  Backnang      24 

From  Backnang  to  Bietigheim,  25.  —  From  Crailsheim  to 
Mergentheim  and  to  Nordlingen,  26. 

7.  From  Stuttgart  to  Nordlingen  and  Nuremberg 27 

From  Aalen  to  Ulm,  28. 

8.  From  Stuttgart  to  Friedrichsbafen 29 

From  Geislingen  to  the  Swabian  Alb,  31.  —  From  LUm  to 
Kempten,  33.  —  Veitsburg.     Waldburg,  35. 

9.  From  Stuttgart  to  Tiibingen  and  Horb 35 

Kebenhausen.  Wurmlinger  Capelle.  The  Baths  of  Imnau. 
Haigerloch,  38. 

10.  From  Stuttgart  to  Boblingen  and  Scbaffhausen 39 

From  Eutingen  to  Hausach.  39.  —  From  Rottweil  to  Vil- 
lingen,  40.  —  Hohentwiel,  41. 

11.  The  Swabian  Alb 42 

12.  From  Tiibingen  to  Hechingen  and  Sigmaringen     ....      48 

Hohenzollern,  48.  —  The  Upper  Valley  of  the  Danube,  52. 

13.  From  Ulm  to  Radolfzell  and  Constance       52 

Schmiechthal.  Grosse  Lauterthal,  53.  —  Zwiefalten.  From 
Herbertingcn  to  Memmingen.  From  Mengen  to  Sigmaringen, 
54.  —  From  Schwakenreute  to  Aulendorf,  55.  —  Mainau. 
Meersburg.    Ueberlingen,  57,  58. 


viii  CONTENTS. 

Eoute.  Bavaria.  p^^^ 

14.  From  Frankfort  to  Nuremberg  by  Wiirzburg 59 

From  Frankfort  to  Hanau  via  Offenbach,  59.  —  Kahlgrund, 
59.  —  From  Aschaffenburg  to  Mayence  direct.  From  Aschaf- 
fenburg  to  Amorbach.  61.  —  From  Miltenberg  and  from 
Lohr  to  Wertheim,  G2.  —  The  Spessart.  From  Gemiinden 
to  Elm,  to  Hammelburg,  and  to  Schweinfurt,  63,  64.  — 
Windsheim,  69.  —  From  Fiirth  to  Cadolzburg,  70. 

15.  From  Wiirzburg  to  Heidelberg .    .      70 

From  Lauda  to  Wertheim  and  to  Mergentbeim,  70.  —  From 
Osterburken  to  Jagstfeld.  From  ICeckarelz  to  Meckesheim,  71. 

16.  From  Leipsic  to  Nuremberg  by  Bamberg 72 

From  Plauen  to  Eger,  72.  —  The  Baths  of  Steben.  From 
Hof  to  Eger,  73.  —  From  Hochstadt  to  Saalfeld,  74.  —  Banz. 
Vierzehnheiligen,  75.  —  From  Erlangen  to  Grafenberg,  81. 

17.  From  "Wiirzburg  to  Bamberg.   Kissingen 81 

The  Ludwigsbad  Wipfeld,  82.  —  Excursions  from  Booklet 
and  from  Briickenau,  85.  —  From  Kissingen  to  Meiningen,  85. 

18.  From  Neuenmarkt  to  Weiden.    The  Fichtelgebirge  ...      86 

19.  Franconian  Switzerland 92 

20.  Nuremberg 95 

21.  From  Nuremberg  to  Eger  by  Scbnabelwaid 109 

The  Nuremberg  Switzerland.  From  Schnabelwaid  to  Bai- 
reuth,  110. 

22.  From  Nuremberg  to  Augsburg Ill 

From  Nordlingen  to  Dombiilil,  112.  —  From  Donauworth  to 
Neu-Offingen,  113. 

23.  From  Nuremberg  to  Ratisbon 118 

The  Walhalla,  124. 

24.  From  Ratisbon  to  Donauworth  (and  Augsburg)     ....    125 

Kelheim  and  the  Befreiungshalle.  The  Altmiihl-Thal.  The 
Danube  from  Kelheim  to  Weltenburg,  125,  126.  —  From 
Abensberg  to  Fining  (Abusina).  The  Teufelsmauer,  127.  — 
From  Ingolstadt  to  Augsburg,  127. 

25.  From  Frankfort  to  Munich  by  Ansbach  and  Ingolstadt .    .    128 

Eothenburg  on  the  Tauber,  128. 

26.  From  Stuttgart  to  Munich 133 

27.  From  Leipsic  to  Munich  via  Hof  and  Ratisbon    ....      134 

Burg  Landshut,  135.  —  From  Landshut  to  Landau,  136. 

28.  Munich 137 

Environs  of  Munich.  Grosshesselohe.  Nymphenburg.  Schleiss- 
heim,  193,  194.  —  From  Munich  to  Wolfratshausen  (Isar- 
thal  Railway),  194.  —  The  Churches  of  Pipping  and  Bluten- 
burg,  195. 

29.  TheStarnberger  See  and  Ammersee.  TheHohePeissenberg    195 

Schloss  Berg.  Rottmannshohe,  196.  —  From  Peissenberg  to 
Ober-Ammergau,  197. 

30.  From  Munich  to  Lindau 198 

From  Kaufering  to  Schongau  and  to  Bobingen.  From  Augs- 
burg to  Buchloe.  From  Buchloe  to  Memmingen,  193.  —  The 
Stniben,  199.  —  From  Immenstadt  to  Oberstdorf.  Griinten, 
200.  —  Excursions  from  Lindau.   The  Lake  of  Constance,  201. 


CONTENTS.  ix 

Route.  Page. 

31.  From  Munich  to  Fiissen  (Hohenschwaiigau)  and  Rentte    .    202 

From  Kempten  to  Fiissen,  202.  —  Excursions  from  Hohen- 
schwangau.  Marienbriicke.  .Tugend.  Schiitzensteig.  Tegel- 
berg  Alp,  205.  —  Stuiben  Falls.  From  Reutte  to  Imst  via 
Lermoos  and  Nassereit,  206. 

32.  From  Munich  to  Partenkirchen  and  Mittenwald 207 

Kohlgrnb,  207.  —  Excursions  from  Partenkirchen  and  Gar- 
misch.  Faukenschluclit.  Riesserbauer.  Partnachklamm 
and  Vorder-Graseck.  Eckbauer.  Schlattan  and  Gschwandner 
Bauer.  Badersee.  Eibsee.  Krottenkopf.  Schachen,  208- 
210.  —  From  Partenkirchen  to  Lermoos.  Barmsee,  210.  — 
From  Mittenwald  via  Seefeld  to  Zirl,  211. 

33.  From  Munich  to  Ober-Ammereau   and  via  Linderhof  to 
Keutte-Hohenschwangau 211 

From  Ober-Ammergau  to  Peissenberg  through  the  Ammer- 
Thal.     From  the  Plansee  to  Partenkirchen,  212. 

34.  From  Munich  to  Mittenwald  via  Benediktbeuern   ....    213 

Schlehdorf.     Herzogstand.     Heimgarten,  214. 

35.  From  Munich  to  Tolz  and  Mittenwald 215 

From  Tolz  to  the  Walchensee.  From  Hinter-Riss  to  the 
Achensee  over  the  Plumser  Joch,  216. 

36.  From   Munich  to   Tegernsee,   Wildbad  Kreuth,   and  the 

Achensee 217 

Excursions  from  Tegernsee.  Kaltenbrunn.  Parapluie.  Falls 
of  the  Rottach.  Neureut.  Hirschberg,  217,  218.  —  The  Un- 
niitz.     From  the  Achensee  to  the  Inn  Valley,  219. 

37.  From  Munich  to  Kufsteiu  via  Schliersee  and  Bairisch-Zell   220 

From  Keuhaus  to  Falepp,  220.  —  The  Wendelstein.  From 
Bairisch-Zell  to  Oberaudorf  via  the  Tatzelwurm,  221. 

38.  From  Munich  to  Salzburg  and  Reichenhall 221 

From  Grating  to  Glonn,  221.  —  From  Munich  to  Rosenheim 
via  Holzkirchen,  222.  —  The  Chiemsee,  222.  —  From  Prien 
to  Niederaschau.  The  Baths  of  Adelholzen.  Hochfelln. 
From  Traunstein  to  Reichenhall  via  Inzell,  223.  —  From 
Traunstein  to  Trostberg,  224.  —  Excursions  from  Reichen- 
hall. Gross-Gmain.  Zwic^el.  Thumsee.  Mauthhausl,  225, 
226.  —  From  Reichenhall  to  Lofer,  226. 

39.  From  Reichenhall  to  Berchtesgaden.    Konigs-See  ....    226 

From  Salzburg  to  Berchtesgaden,  227.  —  Excursions  from 
Berchtesgaden.  Lockstein.  Bischofswiesen.  Gern.  Schonau. 
Upper  Salzberg.  Almbach-Klamm.  Vorderbrand.  Scharitz- 
kehl-Alp,  etc.,  228-30.  —  Gotzen-Alp.  From  Berchtesgaden 
to  Reichenhall.  Ramsau.  Wimbach-Klamm,  281.  —  Watz- 
mann,  232.  —  From  Berchtesgaden  to  Ober-Weissbach. 
Hintersee.     Kammerlinghorn.     Seisenberg-Klamm,  232,  233. 

40.  From  Munich  to  Linz  by  Simbach 233 

Alt-Octting,  233. 

41.  From  Nuremberg  to  Furth  (and  Prague) 234 

From  Neukircben  to  Weiden.  From  Cham  to  Lam,  235.  — 
The  Hohe  Bogen,  286. 

42.  From  Ratisbon  to  Passau  and  Linz 236 

Excursions  from  Passau,  2i0,  211.  —  From  Passau  to  Freyung 
in  the  Bavarian  Forest.  The  Dreisesselstein,  241.  —  The 
Bohemian  Forest.     The  Danube  from  Passau  to  Liuz,  242. 


X  MAPS  AND  PLANS. 

Route.  Page. 

43.  From  Rosenheim  to  Eisenstein  by  Muhldorf  and  Plattling. 

The  Bavarian  Forest 243 

From  Neumarkt  to  Passau,  244.  —  The  Kusel,  Hirschen- 
stein.  From  Gotteszell  to  Viechtach,  245.  —  From  Zwiesel 
to  Grafenau.  Rachel.  Bodenmais.  Arber,  247.  —  Excursions 
from  Eisenstein.     Osser.    From  Eisenstein  to  Pilsen,  248. 


Maps. 

1.  The  Environs  of  Stuttgaht:  R.  2;  p.  12. 

2.  The  SwABiAN  Alb:  RR.  8,  9,  11-12;  p.  42. 

3.  The  Spessart  :  R.  14 ;  p.  62. 

4.  The  Fhanconian  Switzerland:  R.  19;  p.  77. 

5.  The  Fichtelgebiege  :  RR.  18,  21;  p.  89. 

6.  The  Staknbergee  See  and  Ammersee  :  RR.  29,  32;  p.  196. 

7.  The  Environs  of  Fussen,  Reutte,   Kassereit,   Partenkiechen,  Mit- 

TENWALD,  AND  Waxchensee  :  RR.  31-35;  p.  202. 

8.  The  Environs  of  Hohenschwangau  :  R.  31;  p.  204. 

9.  The  Environs  of  Partenkiechen  :  R.  82 ;  p.  208. 

10.  The  Environs   of  Tulz,    Tegeensee  ,    and    Schlieesee  :    RR.  84-38; 

p.  214. 

11.  Thef'ENviEONS  of  the  Achensee  :  RR.  35,  36;  p.  218. 

12.  The  Envieons  of  Rosenheim:,  Klfstein,  Teaunstein,  and  Lofer  (the 

Chiemsee  and  Achenthal):  R.  38;  p.  222. 

13.  The  Envieons  of  Salzbueg,  Reichenhaxl,  and  Beechtesgaden  :  RR. 

38,  39 ;  p.  224. 

14.  The  Bavaeian  Foeest  :  RR.  42,  43;  p.  244. 

15.  SovTHERN  Germany:  after  the  Index. 

16.  Railway  Map  of  Germany:  at  the  end  of  the  book. 


Flans. 


Aschaffenburg  fp.  64);  Auatsburg  (p.  112);  Bamberg  (p.  76);  Bayreuth 
(p.  88);  Constance  (p.  55);  Heilbronn  (p.  13);  Hohenzollern  (p.  49);  Kis- 
singen  (p.  83);  Munich  (p.  186) •,  Nuremberg  (p.  96);  Passau  (p.  237): 
Ratisbon  (p.  US);  Stuttgart  (p.  1);  Ulm  (p.  42);  Wiirzburg  (p.  65). 


INTRODUCTION. 


I.    Language.    Money. 

Language.  A  slight  acquaintance  with  German  is  very  de- 
sirable for  travellers  who  purpose  exploring  the  more  remote  dis- 
tricts of  Southern  Germany.  Those  who  do  not  deviate  from  the 
beaten  track  will  generally  find  that  English  or  French  is  spoken 
at  the  principal  hotels  and  the  usual  resorts  of  strangers.  But 
those  who  are  entirely  ignorant  of  the  language  must  be  prepared 
frequently  to  submit  to  the  extortions  practised  by  commission- 
naires,  waiters,  cab-drivers,  etc.,  which  even  the  data  furnished 
by  the  Handbook  will  not  always  enable  them  to  avoid. 

Money.  The  German  mark  (Jl)^  which  is  nearly  equivalent 
to  the  English  shilling,  is  divided  into  100  pfennigs.  Banknotes  of 
5,  20,  and  50  Ji  are  issued  by  the  German  Imperial  Bank  CDexii- 
sche  Ee.ichshanTc ) .  and  others  of  100,  500,  and  1000  M  by  the 
Imperial  Bank  and  by  twelve  other  banks  which  possess  the  privi- 
lege. The  current  gold  coins  are  pieces  of  10  f^Krone')  and  of 
20  marks  (^Doppelkrone'),  the  intrinsic  value  of  which  is  slight- 
ly lower  than  that  of  the  English  half-sovereign  and  sovereign 
(1 1,  being  worth  about  20  J^  AS  pf.).  The  paper  currency  is  of  the 
same  value  as  the  precious  metals.  The  silver  coins  are  pieces  of 
5,  3  (the  old  thaler  or  dollar),  2,  1,  1/2  (50  pf.),  and  1/5  mark  (20  pf.). 
In  nickel  there  are  coins  of  10  and  5  pfennigs  (groschen  and  half- 
groschen),  and  in  copper  there  are  pieces  of  2  and  1  pfennig. 

English  sovereigns  and  banknotes  may  be  exchanged  at  all  the 
principal  towns  in  Germany,  and  Napoleons  are  also  favourably  re- 
ceived (20  fr.  =  ii's.  =  16  ^  20  pf.,  and  often  a  few  pfennigs 
more).  Those  who  travel  with  large  sums  should  carry  them  in  the 
form  of  circular  notes  (issued  by  the  chief  British  and  American 
banks),  rather  than  in  banknotes  or  gold,  as  the  value  of  circular 
notes,  if  lost  or  stolen,  is  recoverable. 

The  expense  of  a  tour  in  Southern  Germany  depends,  of 
course,  on  a  great  variety  of  circiimstances.  It  may,  however, 
be  stated  generally  that  travelling  in  this  region  is  less  ex- 
pensive than  in  most  other  European  countries.  The  modest 
pedestrian,  who  knows  something  of  the  language,  and  avoids  the 
beaten  track  of  ordinary  tourists  as  much  as  possible,  may  succeed 
in  limiting  his  expenditure  to  8-lOs.  per  diem.  Those,  on  the 
other  hand,  who  prefer  driving  to  walking,  frequent  hotels  of  the 


xli  PASSPORTS. 

highest  class,  and  employ  guides,   commissionnaires,  etc.,  must 
he  prepared  to  expend  25-30s.  daily. 

II.   Passports  and  Cnstom  Houses. 

Passports  are  now  unnecessary  in  Germany,  as  in  most  of  the 
other  countries  of  Europe,  but  they  are  frequently  serviceable 
in  proving  the  identity  of  the  traveller,  procuring  admission 
to  collections,  and  obtaining  delivery  of  registered  letters.  The 
following  are  the  principal  passport-agents  in  London :  Lee  and 
Carter,  440  West  Strand;  E.  Stanford,  55  Charing  Cross;  W.  J. 
Adams,  59  Fleet  Street;  C.Smith  &  Son,  63  Charing  Cross  (charge 
25,;  agent's  fee  is.  6d.). 

Custom  House  formalities  are  now  almost  everywhere  lenient. 
As  a  rule,  however,  articles  purchased  during  the  journey,  which 
are  not  destined  for  personal  use,  should  be  declared  at  the  frontier. 

III.  Conveyances. 
Railway  Travelling  in  Germany  is  less  expensive  than  in 
most  other  parts  of  Europe ,  and  the  carriages  are  generally  clean 
and  comfortable.  The  second-class  carriages,  furnished  with 
spring -seats,  are  sometimes  as  good  as  those  of  the  first  class  in 
England.  The  first-class  carriages,  lined  with  velvet,  are  com- 
paratively little  used,  but  are  recommended  to  the  lover  of  fresh 
air,  as  he  will  be  more  likely  to  secure  a  seat  next  to  the  %vindow. 
The  third-class  travelling  community  is  generally  quiet  and  re- 
spectable, but  the  carriages  are  generally  very  poor.  On  a  few  rail- 
ways there  is  even  a  fourth  class,  unprovided  with  seats.  Smoking 
is  allowed  in  all  the  carriages,  except  those  'Fiir  Nichtraucher' 
and  the  coupes  for  ladies.  The  average  fares  for  the  different 
classes  in  S.  Germany  are  i^/^d.,  i^/^d.,  and  ^5^-  per  Engl.  M. 
respectively.  The  speed  seldom  exceeds  25  M.  per  hour,  and  as  the 
railways  are  generally  well  organised  and  under  the  immediate 
supervision  of  government,  accidents  are  very  rare.  On  many  lines 
20-50  lbs.  of  luggage  are  free,  in  addition  to  smaller  articles  carried 
in  the  hand.  Over-weight  is  charged  for  at  moderate  rates.  In  all 
cases  the  heavier  luggage  must  be  booked,  and  a  ticket  procured 
for  it.  This  being  done,  the  traveller  need  not  look  after  his  lug- 
gage till  he  arrives  at  his  final  destination ,  where  it  will  be  kept 
in  safe  custody,  generally  gratis  for  the  first  day  or  two,  until  he 
presents  his  ticket.  When  a  frontier  has  to  be  crossed,  the  traveller 
is  strongly  recommended  to  take  his  luggage  with  him,  and  to 
superintend  the  custom-house  examination  in  person.  If  luggage 
be  sent  across  a  frontier  by  goods-train  or  diligence,  the  keys  must 
be  sent  along  with  it,  as  otherwise  it  will  be  detained  at  the 
custom-house ;  but  the  pecuniary  saving  effected  by  such  a  course 
is  far  outweighed  by  the  risk  of  vexatious  delays,  pilferage,  and 
damage,  for  which  it  is  difficult  or  impossible  to  obtain  redress. 


CONVEYANCES.  xiii 

The  enormous  weight  of  the  trunks  used  by  some  travellers  not  un- 
frequently  inflicts  serious  injury  on  the  hotel  and  railway  porters  who  have 
to  handle  them.  Travellers  are  therefore  urged  to  place  their  heavy  ar- 
ticles in  the  smaller  packages  and  thus  minimize  the  evil  as  far  as  possible. 

DinGBNCEs  generally  carry  three  passengers  only,  two  in  the  m- 
terieur,  and  one  in  the  coupe.  As  the  latter  alone  affords  a  toler- 
able survey  of  the  scenery,  it  should  if  possible  be  secured  in  good 
time.  In  much-frequented  districts  it  is  frequently  engaged  several 
days  beforehand.  The  guards,  who  are  often  retired  non-com- 
missioned officers,  are  generally  well-informed  and  obliging.  The 
usual  amount  of  luggage  carried  free  by  the  diligence  does  not  ex- 
ceed 20-30 lbs.,  over-weight  being  charged  for  by  tariff.  Passengers 
are  required  to  book  their  luggage  two  hours  before  the  time  of 
starting,  and  sometimes  even  on  the  previous  evening ;  but  these 
rules  are  seldom  rigidly  enforced.  An  'extra-post'  conveyance  for 
one  or  more  persons  may  generally  be  obtained  on  application  at 
the  post-offices.  The  average  tariff  is  50  pf.  (6d.)  per  mile  for  1-2, 
and  ij^  C^^O  P^^  vxi^Q  for  3-4  persons.  Private  conveyances  may 
be  hired  at  the  rate  of  10-15.//  for  a  one-horse,  12-25 .//  for  a  two- 
horse  carriage  per  diem. 

IV.  Excursions  on  Foot. 

The  pedestrian  is  unquestionably  the  most  independent  of  trav- 
ellers, and  to  him  alone  the  beautiful  scenery  of  some  of  the  more 
remote  districts  is  accessible.  For  a  short  tour  a  couple  of  flannel 
shirts,  a  pair  of  worsted  stockings,  slippers,  the  articles  of  the  toi- 
lette, a  light  waterproof,  and  a  stout  umbrella  will  generally  be 
found  a  sufficient  equipment.  Strong  and  well-tried  boots  are  es- 
sential to  comfort.  Heavy  and  complicated  knapsacks  should  be 
avoided ;  a  light  pouch  or  game-bag  is  far  less  irksome,  and  its 
position  may  be  shifted  at  pleasure.  A  more  extensive  reserve  of 
clothing  should  not  exceed  the  limits  of  a  small  portmanteau,  which 
can  be  easily  wielded,  and  may  be  forwarded  from  town  to  town 
by  post. 

Southern  Germany  comprises  many  attractive  and  picturesque 
districts,  such  as  the  Swabian  Alb  (R.  11),  the  Fichtelgebirge 
(R.  18),  Franconian  Switzerland  (R.  19),  and  the  Bavarian  Forest 
(R.  43).  The  student  of  art  is  strongly  recommended  to  visit  Munich, 
Nuremberg,  and  Stuttgart,  By  consulting  the  Handbook  the  traveller 
will  discover  many  other  interesting  places,  whether  the  object  of 
his  tour  be  amusement  or  instruction. 

V.  Hotels. 

Little  variation  occurs  in  the  accommodation  and  charges  of 
first-class  hotels  in  the  principal  towns  and  watering-places  through- 
out Germany  ;  but  it  frequently  happens  that  in  old-fashioned  ho- 
tels of  unassuming  exterior  the  traveller  finds  as  much  real  comfort 
•Bs  in  the  modern  establishments,  while  the  charges  are  lower.  The 
best  houses  of  both  descriptions  are  therefore  enumerated. 


xiv  HOTELS. 

Where  the  traveller  remains  for  a  week  or  more  at  a  hotel,  it 
is  advisable  to  pay,  or  at  least  call  for,  his  account  every  two  or 
three  days  ,  in  order  that  errors  may  be  at  once  detected.  Verbal 
reckonings  are  objectionable.  A  waiter's  arithmetic  is  faulty,  and 
his  mistakes  are  seldom  in  favour  of  the  traveller.  It  is  also  objec- 
tionable to  delay  paying  one's  bill  till  the  last  moment,  when  errors 
or  wilful  impositions  must  be  submitted  to  for  want  of  time  to  in- 
vestigate them.  Those  who  intend  starting  early  in  the  morning 
will  do  well  to  ask  for  their  bills  on  the  previous  evening. 

Pedestrians  and  travellers  of  moderate  requirements  will  find 
the  country  inns  in  Southern  Germany  very  reasonable,  5-6s.  a  day 
being  generally  sufficient  to  include  every  item. 

Hotel -keepers  who  wish  to  commend  their  houses  to  British  and 
American  travellers  are  reminded  of  the  desirability  of  providing  the  bed- 
rooms with  large  basins ,  foot-baths ,  plenty  of  water ,  and  an  adequate 
supply  of  towels.  Great  care  should  be  taken  to  ensure  that  the  sanitary 
arrangements  are  in  proper  order,  including  a  strong  flush  of  water  and 
proper  toilette-paper  \,  and  no  house  that  is  deficient  in  this  respect  can 
rank  as  first-class  or  receive  a  star  of  commendation ,  whatever  may  be 
its  excellencies  in  other  departments. 

The  word  Pension  is  used  in  the  Handbook  as  including  board,  lodg- 
ing, and  attendance. 

English  travellers  often  give  trouble  by  ordering  things  almost 
unknown  in  German  usage  ;  and  they  are  apt  to  become  involved 
in  disputes  owing  to  their  ignorance  of  the  language.  They  should 
therefore  endeavour  to  acquire  enough  of  the  language  to  render 
them  intelligible  to  the  servants,  and  should  try  to  conform  as  far 
as  possible  to  the  habits  of  the  country.  For  this  purpose  Baedeker  s 
'Conversation  Dictionary'  (in  four  languages  ;  3  Ji')  and  'Traveller's 
Manual  of  Conversation'  (3  Jf)  will  be  found  useful. 

Valets-de-place  generally  charge  2-3  M  for  half-a-day,  and 
37.2-5  Jl  for  a  whole  day. 


Abbreviations. 

R.    =  Room ;  also  Route. 

B.   =  Breakfast. 

D.  =  Dinner. 

A.  =  Attendance. 

L.  =  Light. 

M.  =  English  mile. 

R.,  L.  =  right,  left. 

ft.  =  English  foot. 

omn.  =  omnibus. 


N.  =  North,  northern,  etc. 
S.   =  South,  etc. 
E.  =  East,  etc. 
W.  =  West,  etc. 
Jl  =  mark, 
pf.  =  pfennig. 
fl.    =  florin, 
kr.  =  kreuzer. 
pens.  =  pension. 


Objects  of  special  interest,  and  hotels  which  are  believed  worthy  of 
special  commendation  are  denoted  by  asterisks. 

The  number  prefixed  to  the  name  of  a  place  on  a  railway  or  high-road 
indicates  its  distance  in  English  miles  from  the  starting-point  of  the  route 
or  sub-route.  The  number  of  feet  given  after  the  name  of  a  place  shows 
its  height  above  the  sea-level.  The  letter  d,  with  a  date,  after  the  name 
of  a  person,  indicates  the  year  of  his  death. 


South  German  Art. 

A  Historical  Sketch  by  Professor  Anton  Sprinyer. 

It  is  neither  the  function  nor  the  intention  of  the  following 
sketch  to  divert  the  traveller's  attention  from  the  beauties  of  nature 
and  to  direct  it  instead  to  the  study  of  art.  But  the  great  cities  of 
Southern  Germany,  whether  they  be  the  express  object  of  the  travel- 
ler's journey  or  his  temporary  resting-places  on  his  way  elsewhere, 
cannot  fail  of  themselves  to  inspire  him  with  some  interest  in  the 
art  both  of  the  present  and  of  the  past;  while  at  numerous  other 
points  his  glance  is  arrested  and  his  attention  excited  by  ancient  or 
modern  monuments  of  art.  Interest  in  such  things  has  widened  and 
deepened  to  a  surprizing  extent  within  recent  times.  A  few  decades 
ago  old-fashioned  German  furniture  was  ignored,  and  German  build- 
ings of  the  16th  and  17th  centuries  were  for  the  most  part  passed 
with  a  contemptuous  shrug.  Now  the  'German  Renaissance'  is  a 
theme  of  admiration  and  an  object  for  eager  imitation.  Then  only 
a  few  medicBval  cathedrals  received  the  meed  of  general  admiration 
or  passed  muster  as  true  works  of  artistic  genius ,  while  tlie  over- 
whelming majority  of  mediaeval  works  remained  unknown  and  un- 
regarded. Now  hardly  anyone  is  either  wholly  indifferent  to  or  wholly 
ignorant  of  the  development  of  art  in  the  middle  ages.  The  culti- 
vation of  the  historic  sense  has  largely  affected  the  aesthetic  attitude 
in  this  direction,  swelling  the  aggregate  of  artistic  interest  and 
bringing  tlie  more  remote  periods  within  the  limits  of  intelligent 
comprehension.  It  is  the  object  of  the  following  lines  to  support  and 
extend  this  historic  sense. 

The  civilization  and  art  of  Southern  Germany  reach  back  to  a  very 
early  period ;  they  antedate  by  a  thousand  years  the  entrance  of  the 
North  German  lands  into  the  light  of  authentic  history.  Numerous 
excavations  have  yielded  traces  of  an  early  intercourse  with  Italy, 
carried  on  to  some  extent  before  the  Christian  era;  and  not  less 
numerous  traces  have  been  found  of  the  Roman  settlements  that 
were  established  along  the  great  trade-routes  and  waterways,  though 
these  Roman  discoveries  are  far  inferior  both  in  extent  and  import- 
ance to  those  in  the  valley  of  the  Moselle  and  elsewhere  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rhine.  The  Roman  remains  at  Treves  appeal  to  the 
imagination  of  the  ordinary  traveller,  while  the  Roman  remains  in 
Noricum  and  Rhaetia  arrest  the  attention  of  the  archieologist  only. 
Christianity  early  made  its  way  into  Southern  Germany  (St.  Severin- 
us ;  oth  cent.),  and  Frank  and  Irish  missionaries  reaped  a  rich 
harvest.  Convent  after  convent  was  founded ;  and  there  is  probably 
no  other  district  where    monastic  establishments  were  so  thickly 


xvi  SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

planted  about  the  close  of  the  10th  cent.,  as  the  banks  of  theDanube, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Alps.  Most  of  these  preserved  their  celebrity  and 
their  wealth  almost  down  to  the  present  century,  though  their  im- 
portance as  art-monuments  has  in  many  instances  disappeared  with 
the  substitution  of  new  buildings  for  old  ones.  No  considerable  art- 
monuments  have  come  down  to  us  even  from  the  Carlovingian 
period,  which  saw  the  beginning  of  Ratisbon's  importance,  except 
in  the  domains  of  the  goldsmith's  craft  and  miniature-painting.  The 
Reiche  Capelle  at  Munich  contains  the  finest  specimens  of  the 
former,  the  libraries  at  Munich  and  Vienna  of  the  latter. 

The  unbroken  chain  of  artistic  activity  begins  for  us  about  the 
10th  century.  The  art -style  which  prevailed  from  the  10th  to  the 
13th  cent,  is  generally  known  as  the  Romanesque.  Its  characteristics 
find  their  most  distinct  expression  in  ecclesiastical  architecture.  The 
plan  of  the  Romanesque  church  was  suggested  by  the  Roman  basilica 
of  early-Christian  times,  the  essence  of  which  consisted  in  an  oblong 
hall,  divided  into  three  aisles  by  two  rows  of  columns.  At  one  end 
of  the  basilica  was  a  semicircular  vaulted  recess,  known  as  the  Apsis; 
at  the  other  end  was  a  fore-court  (Atrium),  enclosed  by  a  portico. 
Occasionally  a  transept  was  interposed  between  the  three-aisled  nave 
and  the  apse,  and  thus  the  whole  building  gradually  assumed  the 
clearly  marked  form  of  a  cross.  In  the  course  of  centuries  and  in 
different  countries  this  early-Christian  nucleus  underwent  numerous 
modifications,  some  due  to  the  use  of  new  building  materials,  some 
to  peculiarities  of  national  customs,  but  most  to  the  at  first  slowly 
growing  improvement  in  technical  skill.  It  is  apparent  from  the 
earliest  Romanesque  edifices,  that  their  builders  had  difficulty  in 
rising  to  the  demands  of  their  task,  and  that  they  had  but  scanty 
notions  of  measure  and  proportion.  Romanesque  architecture  did 
not  attain  an  artistic  perfection  until  the  12th  century. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  identify  a  Romanesque  building  and  at  the 
same  time  to  decide  with  some  certainty  whether  it  belongs  to  the 
earlier  or  later  period  {i.e.  11th  or  l'2th  cent.).  The  characteristic 
forms  of  the  Romanesque  style  are  everywhere  essentially  the  same. 
The  round  arch  is  used  to  unite  the  interior  pillars  or  columns,  to 
finish  off  windows  and  portals,  and  to  form  a  continuous  frieze  on 
the  exterior  wall ;  the  columns  have  either  cubical  capitals  or  foliage- 
capitals  modelled  on  the  antique ;  the  ornamentation  is  predominantly 
either  in  the  geometric  style  [lozenges;  zigzags;  checker-work)  or 
of  conventionalized  foliage.  In  the  earlier  churches  vaulting  is  used 
only  for  the  crypt,  the  burial  vaults,  and  the  apse,  while  the  nave 
has  a  fiat  roof;  but  by  the  12th  cent,  we  find  the  vault-principle 
triumphant,  while  the  supporting  pillars  are  also  more  richly  articulat- 
ed. At  the  foot  of  the  columns  appears  the  base-ornament,  uniting 
the  plinth  with  the  torus  of  the  base. 

Though  it  is  thus  easy  to  recognize  the  general  Romanesque 
character  of  a  building,  there  are  no  sufficiently  distinctive  peculi- 


SOUTH  GERMAN  ART.  xvii 

arities  to  dilTerentiate  the  style  prevailing  in  Southern  Germany  from 
that  prevailing?  elsewhere.  Even  when  we  confine  ourselves  to  nar- 
rowed limits  and  enquire  whether  the  Romanesque  buildings  in 
Southern  Germany  could  be  classified  into  Alemannlc,  Swabian, 
Bavarian,  and  Austrian  groups,  we  arrive  at  no  satisfactory  result. 
AH  that  we  can  say  is  that  columns  are  frequently  used  to  support 
the  upper  walls  (this  form  being  known  as  the  columned  basilica) 
and  that  there  is  a  frequent  tendency  towards  a  richly  decorative, 
and  even  fantastic  arrangement  of  the  interior  fittings.  No  traveller 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Lake  of  Constance  should  omit  to  visit 
the  three  churches  on  the  island  of  Reichenau  (p.  55);  that  at  Ober- 
zell,  a  small  columned  basilica,  dates  back  to  the  10th  cent. ;  while 
the  larger  church  at  Mittelzell  is  probably  one  of  the  oldest  piUar- 
basilicas  in  the  district.  The  church  of  the  former  Benedictine  abbey 
of  Alpirshach  (p.  39)  in  the  Kinzig-Thal.  founded  in  the  11th  cent., 
surprizes  us  by  its  stately  proportions  and  the  perspicuous  devel- 
opment of  the  ground-plan;  while  another  Swabian  church,  at  Maul- 
bronn  (p.  15),  is  an  excellent  specimen  of  a  large,  medisval  con- 
ventual edifice.  Ratisbon  (p.  119)  is  rich  in  Romanesque  buildings, 
including  the  Cathedral,  the  Obermiinster,  the  Schottenkirche,  and 
the  church  of  St.  Emmeram.  Several  of  these  have  been  sadly 
disfigured  by  later  decorations;  and,  indeed,  the  true  Romanesque 
nucleus  of  many  churches  can  only  with  difficulty  be  disentangled 
from  later  alterations.  The  meaning  of  the  chaotic  plastic  embel- 
lishments on  the  portal  of  the  Schottenkirche  will  probably  excite 
the  curiosity  of  the  ordinary  traveller  even  less  than  the  sculptures 
in  the  spacious  crypt  of  Fremng  Cathedral  (p.  136),  which  are,  at 
any  rate,  decorative  in  their  general  effect. 

The  churches  above  mentioned,  some  of  which  lie  quite  off  the 
main  lines  of  communication,  appeal  on  the  whole  mainly  to  the 
professional  archaeologist  or  architect.  There  is.  however,  at  least 
one  Romanesque  church  in  Southern  Germany  which  will  excite  the 
warm  admiration  of  the  tourist  and  yield  him  unqualified  delight  — 
viz.  the  Cathedral  of  Bamberg  (p.  77).  The  plan  of  this  church  in- 
cludes a  nave  and  aisles,  an  elevated  choir  at  each  end  with  a  crypt 
below,  and  a  transept  between  the  AV.  choir  and  the  nave.  In 
comparison  with  other  buildings  in  the  same  style  it  takes  a  preem- 
inent place  by  its  imposing  dimensions,  by  its  spacious,  airy,  and 
harmonious  proportions,  by  the  elaborate  ornamentation  of  its  portals 
(Fiirstenthor),  and  by  the  number  and  variety  of  its  towers.  The 
occurrence  of  the  pointed  arch  must  not  mislead  the  visitor  into  the 
error  of  taking  it  as  a  sign  of  the  admixture  of  Gothic  elements. 
The  Gothic  style  is  not  characterized  by  the  pointed  arch,  which 
was  also  used  in  earlier  times,  but  by  its  system  of  buttresses  to 
counteract  the  thrust  of  the  vaulting,  by  its  abundant  use  of  ar- 
ticulation, and  by  the  rich  ornamentation  applied  to  wall-surfaces 
and  other  non-constructive  portions  of  the  building. 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.   8th  Edit.  b 


xviii  SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

The  early-Gothic  period  is  but  scantily  represented  in  Southern 
Germany,  and  it  is  not  till  the  second  half  of  the  13th  century  that 
the  Gothic  Style  appears  here  in  a  developed  and  victorious  form, 
while  the  building  activity  of  the  t^vo  foUovring  centuries  brought 
it  to  a  pitch  of  great  perfection.  The  number  of  Gothic  edifices  on 
South  German  soil  is  very  large,  and  the  variety  they  sho-w  is  very 
remarkable.  An  imposing  series  of  cathedrals,  accompanied  by  at 
least  as  many  parochial  city-churches  and  conventual  churches, 
extends  all  the  -way  from  Alsace  to  the  borders  of  Hungary.  The 
Cathedral  of  Freiburg  (see  Baedeker's  Rhine~)  may  be  coupled  with 
Strassburg  Cathedral,  as  among  the  finest  structures  of  its  class,  if 
not  in  unity  of  style,  yet  by  the  completeness  of  its  execution  and 
by  its  imposing  tower  and  airy  pyramid  of  perforated  masonry.  "With 
the  exception  of  Prague  Cathedral,  the  choir  of  which  shows  the 
influence  of  French  models,  the  South  German  cathedrals  testify  to 
considerable  independence  on  the  part  of  their  architects.  The 
French  masters  were  probably  not  unknown  to  them,  but  they  did 
not  allow  themselves  to  be  dominated  by  foreign  ideas.  The  Cathe- 
dral of  Ratishon  (p.  120),  begun  in  1275  and  completed  after  a  long 
interval  in  our  own  days,  shows  neither  the  marked  development  of 
the  transept  nor  the  rich  elaboration  of  the  choir  which  were  custom- 
ary in  the  cathedrals  of  Western  Europe.  The  transept  does  not 
project  beyond  the  aisles,  and  the  nave  and  aisles  each  end  in  a 
separate  apse  instead  of  the  aisles  extending  in  the  form  of  an 
ambulatory  round  the  choir.  Another  peculiarity  in  German  cathe- 
drals is  that  the  nave  and  aisles  are  occasionally  of  the  same  height 
—  a  peculiarity  found  nowhere  else  in  cathedral-architecture,  the 
beginning  and  early  development  of  which  must  be  attributed  to 
the  architects  of  Northern  France.  Thus  the  choir  of  the  Cathedral 
of  St.  Stephen,  at  Vienna,  a  work  of  the  14th  century,  has  its  nave 
and  aisles  of  the  same  height,  while  the  main  nave  of  the  church, 
of  a  little  later  date,  is  but  slightly  higher  than  the  aisles  and  is 
united  under  the  same  roof  with  them.  The  Minster  of  Vim  (p.  32) 
is  only  a  parish-church,  and  thus  lacks  the  extensive  choir  necessary 
for  the  numerous  clergy  of  a  cathedral,  while  it  has  only  one  tower 
on  the  facade ;  the  ambition  of  the  citizens,  however,  made  it  one 
of  the  largest  and  loftiest  Gothic  churches  in  Germany,  and  it  ranks 
worthily  with  the  cathedrals  of  Freiburg,  Ratisbon,  and  Vienna. 
The  interior  originally  consisted  of  a  nave  and  two  aisles,  all  of 
equal  breadth;  but  at  a  later  period  the  latter  were  subdivided  by 
rows  of  slender  round  pillars. 

The  number  of  the  notable  Gothic  churches  in  Southern  Germany 
is  by  no  means  exhausted  by  the  foregoing  list  of  cathedrals  and 
minsters.  The  towns  of  Swabia  were  marked  by  great  zeal  and 
activity  in  building  during  the  later  middle  ages.  In  the  Liebfrauen- 
kirche  Esslingen  (p.  29)  possesses  a  masterpiece,  which,  though  of 
small  dimensions,  is  rich  in  ornamentation  of  every  kind,  culminat- 


SOUTH  GERMAN  ART.  xlx 

ing  ill  tlie  graceful  open-work  tower.  Similar  small  towers  of  open- 
work are  found  at  Bebenhausen,  near  Tiibingen,  at  Thann^  in  Alsace, 
and  at  Maria-Strassengel^  in  Styria.  Among  the  other  fine  Gothic 
churches  of  Swahia  are  the  minster  of  i'eberlingen,  on  tlie  Lake  of 
Constance  (p.  58 ),  the  church  of  Gmund  (p.  28 ),  the  i;hief  churcli 
of  NurdUngen  ( p.  Ill),  the  church  of  St.  George  at  Dinkelsbiihl  (p. 112), 
and  the  abbey-church  of  Tubingen  (p.  36).  The  churches  oi  Nurem- 
berg (p.  95)  form  a  well-known  group.  It  is  true  that  neither  St. 
Sebaldus  nor  St.  Lawrence  has  been  finished  on  a  uniform  plan, 
choir  and  nave  in  each  case  showing  different  styles  of  architecture; 
b\it  the  impression  produced  by  the  choir  and  richly  decorated  briilal 
door  of  St.  Sebaldus  and  by  the  facade  of  St.  Lawrence  is  a  very  strik- 
ing one.  The  small  importance  attached  to  tradition  even  in  the  14th 
century  is  illustrated  by  the  way  in  which  the  facade  of  the  Frauen- 
Tcirche  (p.  99)  differs  from  earlier  ecclesiastical  fronts.  In  Bavaria 
our  attention  and  interest  are  mainly  excited  by  a  few  huge  brick 
edifices,  like  the  Frauenkirche  at  Munich  (p.  189)  and  St.  Martin's 
Church  at  Landshut  (p.  135),  which  served  as  the  model  of  a  whole 
series  of  churches.  The  Gothic  style  was  also  sedulously  cultivated 
in  Bohemia  from  the  time  of  Charles  IV.  onwards.  In  Prague  there 
are  the  Cathedral,  the  Teynkirche,  and  the  Synagogue,  while  the  bold 
vaulting  of  the  Karlshof  Church  also  excites  the  interest  of  the 
architect ;  and  there  are  other  handsome  edifices,  some  of  which  recall 
the  earlier  cathedral-style,  in  such  provincial  towns  as  Kolin,  Kut- 
teuberg,  Pilsen,  and  Eger. 

Towards  Italy  the  limits  of  the  spread  of  the  Gothic  style  is 
marked  by  the  parish-church  of  Botzen.  towards  the  East  by  the 
chiirch  of  St.  Elizabeth  at  Kaschau.  Few  of  the  parochial  and  mon- 
astic churches  of  the  towns  are  remarkable  for  their  structural  forms, 
which  are  generally  of  great  simplicity,  while  the  original  kernel  is 
often  wholly  lost  amid  alterations  and  additions.  The  richness  and 
artistic  merit  of  the  decoration  of  their  individual  parts  is,  however, 
perhaps  all  the  more  striking  on  this  account.  The  architect  is 
thrown  into  the  shade  by  the  sculptor  and  the  stone-carver.  The 
mouldings  on  the  walls,  the  tracery  of  the  windows,  the  details  of 
the  buttresses,  and  the  carvings  of  the  doorways  are  all  executed 
with  the  most  admirable  care  and  in  the  richest  and  most  delicate 
manner,  while  the  interior  of  the  church  is  filled  with  works  of  art 
in  metal,  stone,  and  wood. 

Sculpture  and  Painting  both  find  a  favourable  soil  in  Southern 
Germany  in  the  15th  century.  The  former,  in  particular,  is  indebted 
for  its  solid  foundation  and  its  admirable  command  of  technical 
skill  to  its  diligent  practitioners  of  the  Gothic  period.  It  thus  does 
not  break  abruptly  with  tradition,  but  gradually  fits  the  new  realistic 
features  into  the  frame-work  of  the  old  forms.  For  centuries  the 
tasks  of  the  sculptor  remain  the  same;  he  has  to  chisel  tombstones 
of  stone,   to  carve  altars  in  wood,   to  cast  fonts  in  metal.    Tlie  ap- 

b* 


xt  .SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

plication  of  metal  to  monumental  works  is  of  comparatively  late 
introduction ;  hence  in  this  sphere  the  deviation  from  the  mediaeval 
style  is  most  striking,  while  in  works  of  marble,  stone,  and  wood  sug- 
gestions of  Gothic  art  may  he  traced  even  in  the  16th  century.  Sculp- 
tures in  stone  and  wood  continue  to  be  decidedly  the  most  popular 
branches  of  art.  AVood-carving  was  diligently  practised  from  the 
earliest  times  in  such  Alpine  districts  as  Ammergau,  while  the  wood- 
carvers  of  the  great  towns  of  Southern  Germany  also  found  ample 
employment  in  the  preparation  of  large  altars,  choir-stalls,  and  the 
like.  The  sculptures  on  the  altars  were  usually  painted.  This  poly- 
chrome decoration  was  rendered  necessary,  partly  by  the  nature  of 
the  material,  which  possessed  no  rich  colouring  of  its  own,  and 
partly  by  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  pictures,  which  were 
generally  added  as  wings  to  the  carved  centre  of  the  altar.  Altars 
of  this  kind  may  be  studied  either  in  museums  (Bavarian  National 
Museum  at  Munich,  Germanic  Museum  at  Nuremberg),  or  in  their 
original  positions  at  Rothenburg^  Blaubeuren^  Gmund^  St.  Wolfgang^ 
and  many  other  places.  A  few  of  their  artists  are  still  known  by 
name.  The  two  most  important  are  Jorg  Syrlin^  first  heard  of  in 
1458  and  the  creator  of  the  choir-stalls  of  the  Minster  of  Ulm,  and 
Veit  Stoss  of  Cracow  (?  1438-1532),  who  is  known  to  us  by  his  works 
in  Nuremberg,  produced  almost  wholly  towards  the  close  of  a  long 
life.  Ulm  and  Nuremberg,  and  next  to  them  Augsburg,  are  the  chief 
centres  of  South  German  art  in  the  15th  and  IGth  centuries.  But 
this  by  no  means  implies  that  the  other  free  towns  of  the  empire 
neglected  the  pursuit  of  art.  On  the  contrary,  local  research  is  con- 
stantly adding  new  names  to  the  artistic  roll  of  honour.  It  is,  how- 
ever, only  in  the  three  towns  named  that  we  find  anything  like 
schools  of  art  or  an  artistic  activity  of  more  than  local  interest.  The 
chief  painter  at  Ulm  was  Bartholomdus  Zeitblom,  the  son-in-law  of 
the  venerable  Hans  Schuelein.  He  flourished  in  1484-1517,  and  his 
works,  which  may  be  seen  in  the  galleries  of  Stuttgart  and  Augs- 
burg and  the  Pinakothek  of  Munich,  are  distinguished  by  the 
clearness  and  vigour  of  their  colouring,  though  the  drawing  is  hard 
and  the  types  of  his  heads  uupleasing  and  deficient  in  variety.  Of 
his  pictures,  as  of  early-German  paintings  in  general,  it  may  be  as- 
serted that  the  colouring  is  their  strongest  point,  even  though  lack- 
ing in  a  delicate  graduation  of  tone.  They  also  succeed  better  with 
individual  figures  and  quiet  groups  than  with  dramatic  situations, 
the  representation  of  which  often  led  to  exaggerated  eifects  and  the 
admixture  of  coarsely  realistic  traits. 

The  Augsburg  school  is  best  represented  by  Hans  Burgkmair 
(1473-1531),  a  master  gifted  with  a  fine  sense  for  landscape  beauty, 
and  by  Holbein  the  Elder  (1460-1524).  The  latter  in  especial,  now 
that  a  number  of  works  formerly  ascribed  to  his  son  have  been  ac- 
credited to  him,  ranks  among  the  most  interesting  of  early-German 
painters.  His  professional  activity  may  be  traced  from  the  last  decade 


SOUTH  GERMAN  ART.  xxi 

of  the  15th  century  onwards.  For  a  considerable  time  his  personal 
gifts  do  not  help  him  to  transcend  the  limits  of  the  prevailing  style. 
Eeven  his  Madonnas  and  women  are  lacking  in  charm;  in  emotional 
scenes,  such  as  the  Passion,  a  tendency  to  the  coarse  and  common  is 
apparent.  [This  early  manner  of  the  painter  is  best  studied  at  the 
Augsburg  gallery.]  It  was  not  till  towards  the  end  of  his  career — and 
so  far  we  have  not  material  enough  to  trace  the  intermediate  devel- 
opment —  that  the  elder  Holbein  produced  in  the  Altar  of  St.  Sebastian 
(Munich  Pinakothek)  a  work  that  placed  him  far  above  all  his  contem- 
poraries. He  has  learned  to  use  the  new  graces  borrowed  from  Italy, 
he  endues  his  women's  heads  with  elegance  and  charm,  he  models 
the  nude  with  surprizing  accuracy,  he  exhibits  a  vigorous  realism 
restrained  within  due  bounds.  With  the  completion  of  this  work  in 
1516  he  disappears  from  the  scene;  and  the  only  later  information 
that  we  possess  about  him  is  the  news  of  his  death  in  Alsace  some 
time  before  1526.  The  works  of  his  son  Hans  Holbein  the  Younger 
(1497-1543)  cannot  be  effectively  studied  except  at  Bale,  to  which 
he  migrated  at  an  early  age,  and  in  England,  where  he  spent  the 
latter  part  of  his  life.  The  South  German  galleries,  however,  contain 
a  few  fine  examples  of  his  talent.  Thus,  at  Darmstadt  is  the  Ma- 
donna of  Burgomaster  Meyer,  the  original  of  the  celebrated  picture 
at  Dresden ;  and  in  the  Pinakothek  of  Munict  are  two  fine  portraits. 
The  picture  presented  by  the  old,  art-loving  city  of  Nuremberg 
is  one  that  takes  by  storm  the  fancy  of  all.  Poets  and  romance-writers 
have  celebrated  the  life  and  activity  of  the  town  in  trade  and  in- 
dustry, science  and  art,  and  the  spirit  of  its  people,  easily  moved  to 
love  or  hate;  and  they,  perhaps,  exaggerated  its  importance  as  the 
beau  ideal  of  a  mediaeval  city.  As  a  matter  of  fact  its  artistic  activity 
began  at  the  close  of  the  mediaeval  period,  and  it  was  in  the  16th 
century  that  it  reached  its  zenith.  The  Nuremberg  artists  are  known 
far  and  wide.  The  names  of  Michael  Wohlgemut,  Veit  Stoss,  Adam 
Krafft,  and  Peter  Yischer  are  authoritative  even  with  those  who  know 
nothing  more  of  early-German  art.  Wohlgemut  (1434-1519)  gener- 
ally passes  as  the  type  of  the  respectable  and  conscientious  painter.who 
practises  his  art  with  honest  simplicity.  Later  researches  have,  how- 
ever, somewhat  modified  this  view  and  credited  Wohlgemut  with  a 
more  important  personality ;  but  this  revised  judgment  applies  to 
him  rather  in  his  capacity  as  engraver  than  as  painter.  Adam  Krafft, 
the  stone-cutter  (ca.  1450-1507),  also  stands  to  some  extent  on  the 
footing  of  the  handicraftsman  and  follows  the  tracks  of  the  old 
tradition.  His  religious  representations  (such  as  the  Schreyer  Tomb 
on  the  outside  of  St.  Sebald's,  and  the  Seven  Stations  on  the  way 
to  the  Cemetery  of  St.  John)  show  the  regular  15th  century  mix- 
ture of  pictorial  and  plastic  elements  in  the  composition,  and  the 
usual  realistic  hardness  in  the  individual  figures  and  in  the  drapery. 
A  few  of  the  heads  only  (such  as  those  of  the  Dead  Christ  and  of  the 
Virgin  in  the  relief  of  the  Seventh  Station)  are  permeated  by  a  finer, 


xxii  SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

personal  feeling.  He  shows  himself  at  his  highest  degree  of  freedom 
from  the  traditional  limitations  in  the  fresh  and  true  relief  of 
the  Stadtwage  (p.  102j  and  iu  the  three  small  and  lifelike  statu- 
ettes that  adorn  the  large  late-Gothic  ciborium  in  the  church  of 
St.  Lawrence.  Krafft's  worlis  are  superior  to  most  of  the  productions 
of  the  other  Nuremberg  sculptors  and  their  congeners,  even  to  those 
of  the  diligent  Tilman  Biemensclineider  (d.  1531)  of  Wiirzburg, 
whose  masterpiece  is  in  Bamberg  Cathedral  [p.  77).  The  nameless 
sculptor  of  the  wooden  figure  of  the  Praying  Virgin  (now  in  the 
Germanic  Museum,  p.  106),  of  whom  we  know  no  other  work,  is, 
however,  superior  to  Krafft  and  to  all  contemporary  sculptors. 
Krafft's  art  may  be  thoroughly  studied  in  his  native  city ;  and  Nurem- 
berg also  possesses  at  least  the  masterpiece  of  Peter  Vischer  (1455- 
1529),  the  celebrated  bronze- founder  [St.  Sebald's  Monument).  The 
architectural  frame-work  enshrining  the  silver  coffin  of  the  saint 
still  shows  traces  of  the  conflict  between  Gothic  and  Renaissance 
forms.  The  small  figures  of  children,  Prophets,  and  Apostles,  on 
the  other  hand,  are  creations  of  a  free  play  of  fancy,  aiming  not 
merely  at  truth  to  nature  but  also  at  grace  and  charm  or  at  dignified 
and  measured  seriousness.  Peter  Vischer  was  afterwards  joined  in 
his  foundry  by  his  sons ;  but  Nuremberg  does  not  afford  adequate 
examples  of  his  later  development  or  of  the  ever  stronger  infusion  of 
the  Italian  Renaissance  in  the  native  style.  The  Little  Goose-Man  of 
Pancraz  Laftenifoi/"  (1492-1563)  is  an  almost  solitary  instance  of  the 
continued  lifelike  conception  of  nature  coupled  with  freshness  and 
naivete,  A  visit  to  Nuremberg  is  still  less  satisfactory  for  a  full  ap- 
preciation of  Albrecht  Diirer  (1471-1528),  the  greatest  of  German 
painters,  though  the  imagination  cannot  but  be  pleasantly  stimulated 
by  lingering  on  the  spot  where  he  lived  and  worked.  In  order  to  form 
an  adequate  judgment  of  this  many-sided  master,  remarkable  alike 
for  the  profundity  and  tlie  richness  of  his  artistic  conceptions,  we 
must  study  not  only  his  wood-cuts  and  engravings,  but  also  his  draw- 
ings. The  best  collection  of  these  last  is  found  in  the  Albertina  at 
Vienna,  a  visit  to  which  will  intensely  interest  the  serious  student 
of  art.  The  drawings  also  afford  the  only  means  of  uninterruptedly 
tracing  Durers  artistic  evolution  from  his  early  boyish  efforts  to  the 
products  of  his  closing  years.  This  cannot  be  said  of  his  paintings, 
which  are  distributed  very  unequally  among  the  different  periods  of 
his  life.  It  is  really  only  twice  in  his  career  that  his  activity  in 
painting  is  so  great  as  to  form  the  main  ground  of  our  judgment 
of  him;  the  first  of  these  periods  was  during  and  immediately  after 
his  visit  to  Venice  (1505-09),  the  second  was  at  the  end  of  his  life. 
From  the  Venetians  he  borrowed  certain  details  of  composition  and 
learned  the  secret  of  his  clear,  warm,  vigorous,  and  harmonious 
colouring;  in  the  evening  of  his  days  he  reached  a  complete  plastic 
command  of  the  pithy  power  of  characterization  visible  in  all  his 
figures.  The  South  German  galleries  still  contain  the  most  important 


SOUTH  GERMAN  ART.  xxiii 

products  of  his  art.  Munich  possesses  the  Paumgartner  Altar,  one 
of  his  earliest  pictures;  the  portrait  of  himself,  unfortunately  retouch- 
ed, and  probably  painted  somewhat  later  than  the  date  (1500)  on 
the  work  itself;  and,  finally,  his  masterpiece,  the  double -panels 
known  as  the  Four  Temperaments  (p.  102),  with  the  heads  of  SS. 
Peter  and  John,  SS.  Paul  and  Mark.  In  this  work  he  has,  in  allusion 
to  the  religions  disorders  of  his  environment,  created  four  permanent 
types  of  Christian  character,  the  corner-stones  of  the  Reform  move- 
ment; he  has  given  pure  and  lifelike  artistic  form  to  the  test  and 
the  defence  of  truth.  Of  the  numerous  Diirer  treasures  once  preserved 
in  Nuremberg  scarcely  one  remains.  The  portrait  of  Ilieronymus 
Holzschuher  (152G),  the  most  perfect  portrait  we  possess  from  Diirer's 
hand,  formerly  in  the  Germanic  Museum,  is  now  at  Berlin. 

The  South  German  galleries  afford  abundant  opportunity  for  a 
study  of  the  painters,  who  were  grouped  round  Diirer  and  to  some 
extent  influenced  by  him  ,  such  as  Hans  ScMuffelein  (d.  1540), 
Sehald  Beham  (ca.  1450),  Barthel  Beham  (d.  1540),  Alb.  AUdorfer 
(d.  1538),  Hans  Baldung  Grien  (d.  1545),  and  Christoph  Amherger 
(d.  1562).  Numerous  specimens  of  these  masters  will  be  found  in 
the  Munich  Pinakothek  and  in  the  galleries  of  Augsburg,  Donau- 
eschingen,  and  Sigmaringen.  Those  who  have  not  the  leisure  or  the 
inclination  to  study  their  religious  and  historical  pictures  should  at 
least  spare  a  glance  for  their  efforts  in  portraiture.  In  this  field 
these  masters  show  to  the  best  advantage  their  fresh  and  vigorous 
observation  of  nature,  unhampered  by  the  prevalent  custom  of  ob- 
scuring the  main  subject  by  a  miiltiplicity  of  detail,  or  by  the  at- 
tempt to  create  ideal  forms  without  the  requisite  powers. 

A  revolution  in  artistic  tendencies  is  already  obvious  among  the 
masters  last  named.  The  traditional  style  no  longer  sufficed.  The 
knowledge  of  Italian  art,  fostered  by  the  custom,  which  grew  up 
towards  the  end  of  the  15th  century,  of  the  visiting  of  Italy  by 
northern  artists ,  broke  through  the  old  barriers  and  encouraged 
the  imitation  of  the  new  models.  This  Italian  influence,  how- 
ever, did  not  bring  any  very  desirable  fruit  to  maturity.  The 
German  masters,  like  those  of  the  Netherlands,  remained  essentially 
Northerners;  they  studied  Italian  art  but  could  not  assimilate  the 
Italian  nature.  Though  the  Italian  painters  did  homage  to  the  ideal 
in  their  works,  they  never  disguised  their  nationality.  Even  their  most 
idealized  creations  reveal  a  direct  life  which  smacks  of  the  soil  and 
the  atmosphere.  Foreigners  could  not  inspire  their  paintings  with 
this  national  trait,  and  thus,  in  spite  of  their  personal  talents,  never 
advanced  beyond  the  out-works  of  the  Italian  style.  The  race  of 
artists  that  flourished  in  the  second  half  of  the  16th  century  stamped 
the  Italian  manner  still  more  strongly  on  their  works,  aided  and 
abetted  in  this  by  the  gradual  change  in  the  patronage  of  art.  Wliile 
the  earlier  form  of  art  was  most  at  home  in  middle-class  circles, 
various  princely  patrons  of  art.  such  as  the  Emp.  Rudolph  II.  and  the 


xxiv  SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

Dukes  of  Bavaria,  now  step  into  the  foreground.  Wood-cuts  still 
remained  popular  and  were  widely  circulated  in  the  homes  of  the 
people ;  engravings  were  chiefly  sought  as  patterns  for  the  metal- 
worker and  other  artistic  handicraftsmen;  but  painting  now  solicited 
the  favour  of  the  art-loving  courts.  In  these  Italian  art,  like  Italian 
culture  generally,  was  strongly  in  the  ascendant.  Italian  artists  and 
Italian  works  of  art  hegan  to  migrate  across  the  Alps ;  and  thus  the 
native  artists,  already  attracted  by  the  forms  of  the  Renaissance, 
received  a  new  inducement  to  perfect  themselves  in  the  schools  of 
Rome,  Florence,  and  Venice.  It  would  be  unjust  to  eliminate  en- 
tirely from  the  lists  of  northern  artists  the  names  of  the  Dutch  and 
German  masters  who  followed  this  course  (such  as  Bartholomdus 
Spranger,  Georg  Hufnagel^  Christoph  Schwarz^  Johann  van  Aken^  and 
Johann  RoUenhammer) ;  and  some  of  them  have  produced  works  of 
considerable  value,  especially  as  regards  technical  qualities.  But 
it  remains  true  that,  however  great  may  be  our  desire  to  make 
'historical  rescues'  by  emphasizing  their  merits,  it  certainly  has  not 
yet  gone  far  enough  to  induce  us  to  profess  unqualified  pleasure  in 
the  works  of  these  mannerists.  Those  who  take  an  interest  in  the 
subject  will  find  innumerable  examples  of  their  art  in  Vienna  and 
in  other  Austrian  galleries. 

The  corresponding  movement  in  architecture  and  the  decorative 
arts  has,  on  the  other  hand,  become  of  late  astonishingly  popular. 
For  the  last  quarter-of-a-century  the  German  Rbxaissance  has 
obtained  almost  universal  favour  and  plays  a  most  important  role  in 
the  national  art.  Even  the  layman  now  shows  lively  interest  in  the 
once  unregarded  and  despised  buildings  of  the  German  Renaissance, 
and  considers  a  visitation  of  them  a  worthy  object  for  a  tour.  The 
name  German  Renaissance  of  itself  indicates  the  double  root  from 
which  the  style  springs.  The  German  Renaissance  could  not  have 
come  into  being  without  a  knowledge  of  the  architecture,  which 
became  predominant  in  Italy  through  the  revived  interest  in  the 
antique  in  the  15th  century.  It  borrowed  from  it  the  columnar 
orders,  the  pilasters,  the  varieties  of  cornice,  innumerable  ornament- 
al motives,  and  many  other  details.  It  seldom,  however,  sank  to  a 
slavish  imitation  of  its  Italian  models ,  but  remained  faithful  in 
many  points  to  its  native  traditions  and  tried  to  combine  these 
harmoniously  with  the  new  forms.  It  is  true  that  the  Gothic  tracery, 
mullions,  mouldings,  and  geometrical  patterns  had  to  be  given  up, 
and  that  the  pointed  arch  lost  its  importance.  In  the  constructive 
parts,  however,  in  the  articulation  and  ground-plan  old  usages  still 
generally  held  their  ground.  The  genesis  of  the  German  Renaissance 
is  also  the  best  explanation  of  it.  Even  in  the  early  years  of  the 
16th  century  the  German  painters  and  engravers  had  begun  to  use 
the  graceful  schemes  of  foliage  and  branches  that  were  characteristic 
of  the  Renaissance  ornamentation  of  Italy;  and  a  knowledge  of  the 
different  orders  of  architecture,    the  rules  of  which  were  sought  in 


SOUTH  GERMAN  ART.  xxv 

Vitruvius,'  also  quickly  penetrated  to  the  N.  side  of  the  Alps.  The 
masters  of  decorative  sculpture  were  the  next  to  adapt  themselves  to 
the  new  Italian  style,  which  we  meet  on  tombstones,  screens,  foun- 
tains, and  works  in  wood  and  metal.  Its  latest  conquest  was  in  the 
sphere  of  architecture,  where  it  at  flrst  appears  only  in  the  ornament- 
al parts  such  as  doors,  windows,  and  the  articulation  of  wall-surfaces. 
If  the  builder  wished  the  work  to  be  erected  in  a  pure  Italian  style, 
he  had  to  send  for  an  Italian  architect;  and  many  Italians  crossed 
the  Alps  and  made  plans,  which  they  left  to  be  executed  by  native 
workmen.  The  traces  of  this  intercourse  are  distinctly  recognizable 
in  the  German  buildings.  It  was  in  the  sphere  of  the  handicraftsman 
that  the  new  movement  and  the  artistic  advance  found  their  greatest 
strength ;  no  wonder  that  the  forms  here  created  attained  a  universal 
application  and  were  adopted  also  by  architecture  and  the  monumental 
arts.  Asa  matter  of  fact  we  meet  numerous  suggestions  of  metal-work 
in  architectural  ornamentation.  The  lower  parts  of  the  shafts  of 
columns  appear  as  if  adorned  with  mountings  of  metal ;  in  other 
cases  hammered  iron-work  is  imitated  or  the  stone  is  treated  as  if 
it  were  a  soft  and  elastic  material.  The  lofty  gable  is  a  distinct 
reminiscence  of  the  mediaeval  house,  while  the  Italian  Renaissance  is 
practically  destitute  of  roof-structures;  the  ri<'hly  decorated  balcony 
or  oriel  is  also  a  northern  peculiarity.  The  manner  in  which  the 
German  Renaissance  came  into  existence  explains  the  want  of  a 
uniform  type  or  a  normal  style.  It  assumes  a  different  character  in 
each  different  district.  The  Renaissance  in  Northern  Germany,  so 
brilliantly  developed  in  timber  and  brick  architecture,  differs  widely 
from  the  Renaissance  in  Southern  Germany,  where  the  greater  proxim- 
ity of  Italy  exercised  a  stronger  influence.  This  is  especially  marked 
in  such  imposing  ecclesiastical  edifices  as  St.  MichaeVs  in  Munich 
(p.  190).  These  buildings,  erected  under  the  influence  of  the  order 
of  the  Jesuits,  bear  the  stamp  impressed  by  the  Jesuits  on  their 
buildings  in  all  countries.  But  the  secular  buildings  also  show  the 
influence  of  the  neighbourhood  of  Italy  and  of  the  Italian  culture 
predominant  in  courts  and  in  aristocratic  circles  generally.  Some 
buildings  are  German  only  through  the  soil  on  which  they  stand, 
while  in  style  they  belong  exclusively  to  the  Italian  Renaissance : 
of  this  number  are  the  so-called  Belvedere  of  Emperor  Ferdinand  1. 
at  Prague  and  the  Fugger  Bath  Rooms  at  Augsburg  (p.  IIG). 

The  preference  for  the  Italian  style  is  revealed  more  strongly  in 
the  chateaux  of  the  noblesse  than  in  the  private  buildings  of  the 
towns,  the  free  towns  of  the  empire  clinging  especially  to  the  older 
traditions.  Southern  Germany  contains  a  stately  series  of  chateaux, 
which,  in  giving  up  the  character  of  castles  and  assuming  that  of 
palaces,  illustrate  in  the  most  signal  manner  the  dilTerence  be- 
tween the  Middle  Ages  and  the  Renaissance.  At  the  head  of  these 
stands  the  Oito-Heinrichs-Bau  at  Heidelberg^  the  gem  of  (rerman 
castle-architecture,  which  is  remarkable  for  its  harmonious  proper- 


5xvi  SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

tions  and  architectonic,  articulation  and  still  more  for  its  rich  and 
well  thouglit  -  out  plastic  decoration.  When  the  Friedrichshau  was 
taken  in  hand  a  few  generations  later  (16U1),  the  native  workmen 
had  already  become  entirely  accustomed  to  the  new  style.  The 
ornamentation  of  the  younger  building  shows  clear  traces  of  its 
Germanic  origin.  Few  of  the  other  princely  chateaux  can  at  all  com- 
pare with  that  of  Heidelberg.  The  Schloss  of  Tilhingen  (p.  37) 
still  suggests  the  old  style  of  castle-building,  while  the  fresh  and 
somewhat  coarse  strength  of  the  Renaissance  is  most  strikingly 
illustrated  in  the  portals.  In  the  Old  Palace  of  Stuttgart  (p.  4), 
the  most  attractive  part  is  the  inner  court,  with  its  arcades ;  but  our 
fancy  must  lend  the  colours  for  a  picture  of  the  iitting-up  of  the 
now  somewhat  neglected  state-rooms.  The  constantly  increasing 
power  of  the  Bavarian  dukes  is  mirrored  in  the  magnificence  of  their 
Palace  at  Munich  (p.  145). 

It  was  ]iot  always  possible  to  proceed  according  to  a  uniform 
plan.  The  famous  Castle  of  Landshut  (jp.  135).  for  instance,  is  wholly 
irregular  in  plan  and  shows  clear  traces  of  the  different  periods  in 
which  it  was  built.  The  decoration  of  the  rooms  is  mainly  entrusted 
to  the  painter,  —  a  fact  that  alone  shows  the  growth  of  Italian  in- 
fluence. The  same  tendency  is  seen  more  clearly  in  the  Xew  Palace 
of  Landshut  (p.  135),  the  court  of  which  is  articulated  and  decorated 
exactly  in  the  taste  of  Italian  palaces.  A  buiWing  of  great  interest 
is  the  Old  Palace  of  Munich ,  erected  by  Elector  Maximilian  in 
1602-19,  planned  on  an  extensive  scale,  and  elaborately  adorned 
with  plastic  and  pictorial  ornamentation  (the  latter  now  sadly  faded). 
The  group  of  buildings  at  Prague  is,  perhaps,  the  most  interesting 
of  the  kind  on  Austrian  soil.  The  new  style  established  itself  in  the 
Bohemian  capital  at  an  astonishingly  early  date  and  maintained  itself 
in  comparative  purity  down  to  the  17th  century.  The  large  loggia 
on  the  garden-side  of  the  Wallenstein  Palace  is  the  final  link  of  a 
chain  of  building  activity  extending  across  the  whole  of  the  country. 
In  order  to  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  German  Renaissance,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  attempt  a  full  enumeration  of  the  individual 
buildings,  for  not  only  every  district,  but  often  each  monument  in 
each  district,  shows  peculiarities,  the  study  of  which  affords  genuine 
pleasure  and  reveals  the  wealth  of  Renaissance  art.  Now  it  is  a 
portal,  now  a  babony,  or,  again,  the  arrangement  of  a  court  or  the 
fitting-up  of  a  room  that  especially  calls  for  our  admiration. 

The  lover  of  the  Renaissance  is  advised  not  to  confine  his  wander- 
ings to  the  great  cities  and  the  chief  lines  of  communication.  The 
keen  eye  will  discover  interesting  buildings  in  almost  every  parish. 
Thus  the  towns  and  villages  of  Tyrol  contain  many,  hitherto  neglected, 
examples  of  the  Renaissance.  A  similar  remark  may  be  made  about 
many  other  buildings,  not  merely  with  regard  to  chateaux  and  manor- 
houses  but  also,  and  in  a  still  higher  degree,  with  regard  to  the  resi- 
dences of  the  ordinary  citizen.  In  most  cases,  indeed,  it  will  be  the  bare 


SOUTH  GERMAN  ART.  xxvU 

arcliitecture  alono  that  the  connoisseur  will  have  a  chance  to  enjoy; 
the  interior  fittinss,  which  add  so  much  to  the  charm  of  a  Renaissance 
house  and  contribute  not  a  little  to  its  comprehension,  have  invari- 
ably disappeared —  perhaps  to  satisfy  the  recent  craving  of  museums 
and  collectors.  The  contents  of  the  older  industrial  museums  were 
mainly  drawn  from  the  treasures  of  the  princely  collections  that  came 
into  vogue  in  the  16th  century.  The  predominant  objects  were  works 
of  the  goldsmith  and  furniture  of  costly  woods,  inlaid  with  ivory  and 
metal.  The  equipment  of  the  private  house  of  the  Renaissance  period 
was,  naturally,  much  more  simple.  The  panelling  of  the  walls  found 
a  counterpart  in  the  well-carved  cabinets  and  coffers;  the  metal 
utensils  were  often  made  of  brass,  the  general  appearance  of  which 
harmonized  admirably  with  the  wooden  fittings;  the  coarse  nature 
of  the  pottery  was  disguised  by  colour,  plastic  ornamentation,  and 
variety  of  form.  Where  the  original  furnishing  is  still  in  place,  the 
eye  will  easily  recognize  the  perfect  harmony  subsisting  between  the 
interior  fittings  and  the  architectural  plan,  and  will  see  how  the  house 
has,  as  it  were,  grown  from  within  outwards.  A  mere  sight  of  the 
facades  is  not  enough,  especially  when  the  Renaissance  houses 
occur  sporadically  among  modern  edifices.  A  better  idea  is  gained 
from  rows  of  houses,  streets,  or  squares  not  yet  invaded  by  the  modern 
builder.  Nuremberg  formerly  stood  unquestionably  at  the  head  of  all 
German  Renaissance  towns.  A  number  of  patrician  houses  of  the 
16th  and  the  beginning  of  the  ITth  century  can,  it  is  true,  still  be 
cited ;  but  the  general  appearance  of  the  town  has  begun  to  alter.  On 
the  other  hand  Rothenburg  on  the  Tauber  (p.  128),  with  its  Rathhaus, 
towers,  fountains,  and  well-preserved  houses,  still  presents  an  almost 
unimpaired  picture  of  a  German  town  of  the  Renaissance  period.  Here, 
as  in  most  of  the  free  towns  of  the  empire,  the  details  of  construction 
and  ornamentation  borrowed  from  the  native  traditions  or  directly  due 
to  the  national  spirit  are  seen  in  great  force,  while  the  Italian  influence 
is  much  slighter  than  in  the  case  of  palaces  and  chateaux.  It  is  not 
till  the  17th  century  that  the  Italian  style  becomes  predominant  in 
municipal  architecture,  as  in  the  fai;ade  of  the  Nuremberg  Rathhaus 
and  the  splendid  interior  (Goldner  Saal)  of  the  Augsburg  Rathhaus, 
Owing,  however,  to  its  lively  intercourse  with  Venice,  the  Italian 
style  found  comparatively  ready  acceptance  at  Augsburg  and  had 
f'e.jr.J  familiarized  the  Augsburgers  with  the  fashion  of  painted  fa<;ades. 
The  period  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War  sadly  interrupted  the  evolu- 
tion of  German  art  and  broke  off  many  bleeding  branches  from  the 
tree  of  German  culture.  Some  departments  of  art  did  not  recover 
for  two  centuries;  the  once  so  popular  work  of  the  wood-carver  was 
forgotten ;  painting  was  but  scantily  cultivated  and  sank  to  a  greater 
dependence  on  foreign  models  than  ever  before.  From  this  calamitous 
period  dates  the  predominance  of  the  foreigner  in  all  matters  of  taste. 
Thus  the  contemplation  of  the  art-life  of  Germany  in  the  second  half 
of  the  17th  and  the  first  half  of  the  18th  century  gives  but  little 


xxviii  SOUTH  GERMAN  ART. 

satisfaction.  The  greatest  activity  took  place  in  Southern  Germany 
and  Austria,  and  those  who  can  overcome  their  dislike  on  general 
grounds  to  the  BABoauE  Style  M-ill  find  here  many  and  varied  proofs 
of  a  renewed  interest  in  art.  In  Italy  a  decided  revolution  in  archi- 
tecture had  taken  place  towards  the  close  of  the  16th  century.  "While 
the  individual  Renaissance  forms  were  retained,  a  new  spirit  was 
apparent  in  their  embodiment  and  combination.  The  old  and  genuine 
Renaissance  style  seemed  too  cold  and  too  simple,  and  not  sufficiently 
effective.  The  architectural  members  were  made  coarser  and  more 
massive,  the  straight  line  was  replaced  by  curves,  the  help  of  light 
and  shade  was  appealed  to.  The  fa^^ade  assumes  a  curved  form; 
columns  are  moved  towards  the  front  and  draw  the  entire  entablature 
with  them;  gables  and  cornices  are  made  to  project  strongly;  the 
profiles  are  more  accentuated ;  ornamentation  is  used  to  an  exaggerated 
extent,  almost  obscuring  the  constructive  elements.  This  baroque  style, 
which  is  at  bottom  closely  akin  to  the  contemporary  mannerism  and 
the  increased  realism  in  painting  and  sculpture,  soon  found  acceptance 
in  Southern  Germany.  We  see  it  in  the  numerous  churches  and 
convents  that  were  rebuilt  with  increased  magnificence  after  the 
close  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War;  and  we  likewise  see  it  in  all  its 
pomp,  but  also  with  all  its  weaknesses,  in  the  numerous  palaces  built 
between  1680  and  1740.  The  Palace  of  Versailles  is  imitated  in  a 
few  cases  only  (Nymphenburg.  Mannheim);  the  predominant  style  is 
-the  Italian  baroque,  especially  as  it  had  been  developed  by  Borromini. 
Excellent  examples  of  the  baroque  style  are  found  in  Wiirzburg, 
Munich^  Vienna,  and  especially  at  Prague,  Mhere  the  traveller  may 
go  through  a  complete  course  in  baroque  architecture  and  become 
familiar  with  all  its  peculiarities. 

Architecture  became  practically  paralysed  about  the  middle  of 
last  century  in  consequence  of  the  wars  between  Prussia  and  Austria. 
On  the  other  hand  an  attempt  was  made,  without  much  success,  to 
revive  the  art  of  painting  by  the  foundation  of  academies  at  Vienna 
and  Stuttgart  (Karlsschule).  At  the  beginning  of  the  present  century 
the  young  artists  of  Germany  had  still  to  make  the  pilgrimage  to  Rome 
in  order  to  train  their  eye  and  taste  and  to  enkindle  their  imagination 
before  the  works  of  classical  and  old  Italian  art.  More  recent  events 
must  be  passed  over  with  a  word.  In  the  reign  of  King  Lewis  I.  Munich 
won  a  European  reputation  as  a  school  of  art  through  the  creations 
of  Cornelius  and  his  associates ;  and  after  a  period  of  stagnation  about 
the  middle  of  the  century  it  has  again  reached  a  position  of  great 
importance.  Vienna  has  been  specially  distinguished  for  its  successes 
in  architecture,  while  Stuttgart  enjoys  a  well-merited  renown  in  the 
domain  of  industrial  art. 


WUKTEMBERG. 

1.    Stuttgart  and  Environs. 

Railway  Stations.  1.  Haupt-Bahnhofy  or  Central  Station  (PI.  E,  3),  at 
the  corner  of  the  Schloss-Str.  and  the  Friedrichs-Sfr.  —  2.  West  Station 
(the  former  Hasenberg  Station),  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  town  (see 
p.  12).  —  3.  Zahnrad  -  Bahnhof  or  Mountain  Railway  Station  (PI.  D,  7), 
Filder-Str.,  for  the  trains  to  Degerloch,  Mohringen,  and  Hohenheim. 

Hotels.  *Marquakdt  (PL  a;  E,  8),  conveniently  situated  near  the 
station,  with  electric  lighting  and  steam-heat,  R  ,  L.,  &  A.  2V2-6,  B.  1,  D. 
at  i  o'clock  3,  at  5  o'clock  4  JU^  pens,  for  a  prolonged  stay  at  lower  charges. 

—  *H6tel  Dierlamm  (PI.  e;  E,  3),  Friedrichs-Str.  30,  near  the  station,  R. 
2'/2  ^s  *H6tel  Rotal  (PI.  b  ;  E,  3),  Schloss-Str.  5,  opposite  the  station,  R., 
L.,  &  A.  2-3,  B.  1,  D.  21/2  c^,-  *SiLBEB  (PI.  d;  F,  4),  Dorotheen-Str.  2,  R., 
L.,  &  A.  2-3  Jt ^  B.  80  pf. ,  D.  21/2,  omn.  1/2  -^^  good  cuisine;  Webek 
(PI.  f;  E.  3),  Schloss-Str.  7,  opposite  the  station,  R  2-2V2  Jt,  B.  70  pf. ; 
*Textor  (PI.  h;  E,  3),  R.  1  M  80  pf.,  B.  1 .  D.  21/2  Jl;  Obebpollinger 
(PI.  g;  E.  3),  Zach  (PI.  i;  E,  3),  Bilfixger.  Dbei  JIohre.n',  all  in  the 
Friedrichs-Str.,  near  the  station,  moderate  and  unpretending;  Konig  von 
WObttemberg  (PI.  c;  E,  4),  Kronprinz-Str.  26;  Hot.  Ihle  (PI.  k;  E,  3), 
Schelling-Str. ;  Goldner  Bar  (PI.  1;  F,  •'),  Esslinger-Str.  19;  Bertraud, 
Calwer-Str.  7,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  1V-.-2,  B.  1/2,  D-  2  M:  Hiller,  Leder-Str.  6, 
unpretending  ;  Herzqg  Cheistoph  (Evangelischer  Verein),  Christoph-Str.  16, 
R.  11/4-2  J5J;  KcEopAiscHER  Hop  (Katholischer  Verein),  Friedrictjs-S'r.  10. 

—  Pensions.  Sigle,  Moser-S'r.  28;  Ooberi  Schloss-S'r.  57;  iS^j'ic/^  Blumen- 
Str.  27;  ErrA  Xeckar-Str.  i8B  ■,Bunzel,  Olga-Str.  IU5  BulhUng,  01ga-Str.31; 
Slutz,  Wera-Str.  6. 

Cafes-Restaurants.  '^Bechtel.  Schloss-Str.  14;  "Wienfr  Caf6  KonigsbaUy 
in  the  Konigsbau  (p.  3),  with  ladies'  room;  Bachner,  Charlotten-'^tr.  26; 
Residenz-Cafi,  Friedrichs-Str.  62;  Wiener  Cafi,  Konigs-Str.  62;  Konig  Karl, 
Schul-Str.  20,  overlooking  theKonigs-Str. ;  Krvg  Charlotten-Str.  8;  Murschel, 
Post-Str.  1.  —  Restaurants.  'Railway  Restaurant ;  "Dierlamm,  'I!6t.  Roi/al, 
with  garden  (see  above);  'Kaiserho/^  Marien-Str.  10;  Weber  (see  above), 
near  the  station;  ' Zdch  (see  above),  Friedrichj-Str.  54;  Fail,  Kronprinz- 
Str.  la;  Michoud^  Linden-Str.  5;  Rauh,  Sophien-Str.  35;  Adler,  Marktplatz  18; 
Old  German  Beer-Room  in  the  E6t.  Hiller,  Leder-Str.  6;  Friedel  (Munich 
beer),  Linden-Str.  14.  —  Beer  Gardens.  -Stadt-Garten  (p.  10),  adm.  50  pf . ; 
NiWs  Thier-garten  (p.  2);  Englischer  Garten,  Ludwigsburger-Str.  16,  above 
the  horse-groups  in  the  Anlagen,  with  fine  view;  Schiltzenhaus-Garten, 
Kanonenweg,  with  fine  view;  Dinkelacker,  Tiibinger-Str.  46;  Wulle,  Neckar- 
Str.  60;  Liederhalle-Garten  (p.  10),  free  except  on  Sun.  afternoon  and  Tues. 
evening;  H6t.  Royal,  Dierlamm,  Te.ttor,  see  above.  — Wine  Rooms.  *  Weber  d: 
Fromm  (in  the  old-German  style).  Kanzlei-Str.  3;  Gutscher,  Rothebiihl-Str.  1; 
Klug,  Esslinger-Str.  10;  Zur  Schule,  Schul-Str.  11;  Treiber,  Calwer-Str.  2. 

Cabs.  Per  drive  of  10  min.  for  1-2  pers.  60  pf.,  3-4  pers.  80  pf. ;  1/4  hr. 
80  pf.  or  1  U^;  20  min.  1  »y^  or  1  Jl  20;  20-30  min.  i  J(.  20  ov  i  Ji  60; 
30-40  min.  1  .^  50  or  2  Jf ;  40-50  min.  IJf  80  or  2  Jf  40;  5^1-60  min.  2  J(  10 
or  2  J(  80;  each  additional  10  min.  30  or  40  pf.  —  In  driving  to  the  railway 
station,  theatre,  concerts,  or  at  night,  the  driver  may  demand  the  fare  in 
advance.  For  drives  in  the  environs  a  bargain  should  be  struck  beforehand. 

Tramway.  Chief  station  in  the  Schloe^platz,  by  the  Konig.'^bau.  Thence 
every  6  min.  through  the  Neckar-Strasse  to  Berg  and  the  Konig-Karl-Brncke 
at  Cannstatt;  through  the  K6nigs-8tr.,  Tiibimger-Str.,  Marien-Platz  (Moun- 
tain Railway  Station,   p.  11),   Bdblinger-Str.,   Esslinger-Str.,  Huuptstatter- 

Baedekeb's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  1 


2    Route  1.  STUTTGART.  Collections. 

Str.,  and  Tubinger-Str. ;  Charlotten-Str.,  Olga-Str.,  and  Wilhelm-Str. ; 
through  the  Olga-Str.  to  the  Wilhelm-Str.,  Schloss-Str.,  Liederhalle,  Mili- 
tar-Str.,  and  Silberburg;  Calwer-Str..  Eothebiihl-Str.,  and  Schwab-Str. ; 
Friedrichs-Str.,  Bahnhof-Str.,  and  Prag  Cemetery.  A  branch-line,  begin- 
ning at  the  Eugen-Str.  (PI.  G,  3),  runs  through  the  Neckar-Str.,  Haupt- 
statter-Str.,  Tiibinger-Str.,  Marien-Platz  (see  above),  and  Boblinger-Str. 
Fare  in  the  town  10,  beyond  it  15-30  pf. 

Post  Office  (PI.  E,  3),  Fiirsten-Str.  2,  adjoining  the  railway-station. 
Branch -offices:  Paulinen-Str.  35,  Wilhelms  -  Platz  13a,  Neckar-Str.  121, 
Johannes-Str.  85,  Olga-Str.  32,  Eothebiihl-Str.  102  a.  —  Telegraph  Offices 
at  the  Post  Office,  Fiirsten-Str.  2. 

Enquiry  Office  of  the  'Verein  fiir  Fremdenverkehr"'  at  M.  Wildfs  book- 
shop, Kbnigs-Str.  38  (information  of  all  kinds  gratis). 

Baths.  "Stuttgart  Swimming  Baths  (PI.  C,  D,  8  ;  p.  10),  Biichsen-Str.  53V2, 
with  two  large  swimming  basins  (for  summer  and  winter),  and  Turkish 
and  other  baths;  Charlotien-Bad,  Charlotten-Str.  15;  Johannes-Bad,  Rothe- 
btihl-Str.  55;    Wilhelmsbad,    Schlosser-Str.  9   (Turkish  baths  at  all  three). 

Theatres.  Royal  Theatre  (PI.  F,  8),  daily  (box-office  open  11-1  and  8-4) ; 
closed  in  July  and  August.  —  Summer  Theatre  at  Berg,  see  p.  12.  —  Theatre 
of  Varieties  in  the  Reichshallen,  Karl-Str.  3  (PI.  F,  4). 

Military  Concerts  at  the  Stadt- Garten  (p.  10)  daily  in  summer  and  on 
Wed.  &  Sat.  in  winter ;  at  the  Liederhalle  Garden,  Kaiserhof,  and  Bachner''s 
Restaurant  (see  p.  1) ;  also  at  NiWs  Thiergarten  on  Sun.  &  Wed.  (see  below). 
—  A  band  plays  every  Sun.  at  noon  in  the  Schlossplatz,  except  during 
the  autumn  manoeuvres. 

Sights  and  Collections : 
Antiquities,    Collection  of  (p.  5),   daily  11-1  &  2-4  (from  Nov.  to  March  11-2 

&  2-8);  closed  on  Monday. 
Art  Union,  Exhibition  of  the  (■p.  9),  week-days  9-5,  Sun.  11-4,  holidays  11-1; 

adm.  50  pf- ;  closed  on  Saturday. 
Engravings,  Cabinet  of,  see  Museum  of  Art. 
Industrial  Mtiseum  (p.  10),  week-days  10-12  &  2-6:  Collection  of  Models  also 

on  Sun.,  10.30-12.80. 
Kunstgewerbeverein,   Exhibition  of  the  (p.  3),  week-days   9-6,   Sun.  11-4; 

adm.  20  pf. 
Kunsiverein,  see  Art  Union. 
Landesgewerbe-Museum,  see  Industrial _Muteum. 
Lapidarium,  see  Museum  of  Art. 

Library  (p.  5),  week-days  10-12  &  2-5;  closed  on  Saturday. 
-Museum  of  Art   (p.  6),   Tues.,  Wed.,  &  Frid.   10-3  (Nov.    to  April,   11-8), 

Sun.  11-3;  at  other  times,   fee.     Engravings,  Tues.,  Wed.,   Thurs.,   & 

Frid.  2-4.     Lapidarium  (Roman  Stone  Monuments),  Sun.  11-12. 
Natural  History,  Cabinet  of  (p.  5),  week-days  11-12  &  2-4,   Sun.  11-1  &  2-4 

(Nov.  to  March,   daily  11-12  &  2-3) ;  closed  on  the  great  festivals. 
NiWs  Thiergarten  (p.  10),  open  all  day ;  adm.  50  pf. 
Panorama  (p.  10),  open  all  day;  adm.  1  Ji. 
Royal  Palace  {Residenz;  p.  4),  week-days  9-6,  Sun.  &  holidays  11-6;  gratuity 

1  These  three  are  shown  in  summer  (15th  April -15th 
Oct.)  daily,    9-12  (Sun.  and  holidays  11-12)   and  2-6. 
Tickets  (1-6  pers.  25  pf.)  in  the  Enquiry  Office  men- 
rctu,  uciy    y^y.  x4.)     ,   lioncd  above.     Tickets  for  Villa  Berg  also  at  Olga- 
I    Str.  33,   for  Rosenstein    and  Wilhelma   at  the  office 
'Wilhelma  (p.  13)      I    of  the    Obersthofmeister  in  the  Old   Palace  (p.  4). 
J    Fees  forbidden. 
Principal  Attractions   (for   a   visit  of  two   days).    First  Day.     In   the 
morning,   "Schlossplatz  (p.  3),   Sfiftskirche  (p.  4),   Industrial  Museum  (p.  10), 
Stadt-Garten  (p.  lU) ;  afternoon,  Schloss- Garten  (p.  9),  Rosenstein  (p.  13),  'Wil- 
helma (p.  13).    —   Second   Day.    In   the   morning,    Museum   of  Art  (p.  6), 
Cabinet   of  Natural  History   (p.  5) ;    afternoon ,   by   "Railway   to    the   West 
Station  (p.  12),  "Jdgerhaus.  —  Any  additional  time  may  be  devoted  to  the 
Uhlandshohe  (p.  11),  Villa  Berg  (p.  12),  and  a  trip  by  mountain-railway  to 


iroA  tpnsiiy  ndT3Jpo>>0 


Konigsbau.  STUTTGART.  /.  Route.     3 

Degerloch  (p.  11),  returning  via  the  Schillerhohe  (p.  11)  and  the  yeue  Wein- 
steige.  —  Excursion  to  the  Solitude,  see  p.  14;    to  Ludwigthurg ,   see  p.  15. 

British  Consil,  A.  v.  Katdla,  Esq.,  Schloss-Str.  47.  —  United  States 
Consul,  Alfred  C.  Johnson,  Esq.,  Herdweg  11  B. 

English  Church  (PI.  13;  F,  6)  in  the  Olga-Strasse;  services  on  Sun.  at 
8  a.  m.,  10.30  a.  m.,  and  6  p.  m.;  on  Frid.  and  Saints'  Days  at  10.30.  a.  m. 
—  Wesleyan  Church,  Sophien-Str. ;  service  at  10.45  a.  m.  —  Methodist  Chapel 
at  Cannstatt  (p.  11). 

Stuttgart  (892  ft.),  the  capital  of  Wurtemberg ,  with  139,660 
inhab.  (mainly  Protestants,  and  including  a  garrison  of  3200  men), 
a  city  of  comparatively  modern  origin,  is  beautifully  situated  2-21/2  M. 
from  the  Neckar,  and  surrounded  by  picturesque  vine-clad  and  wooded 
heights.  The  name  first  occurs  in  a  charter  of  1229;  from  1265  to 
1325  it  was  the  favourite  residence  of  the  counts  of  Wurtemberg  ; 
it  became  the  capital  of  the  country  in  1482;  and  at  length,  in  the 
reigns  of  Kings  Frederick  (1797-1816),  William  I.  (1816-64),  and 
Charles  (1864-91),  it  attained  its  present  dimensions  and  appear- 
ance. In  the  modern  revival  of  Renaissance  forms  of  art,  Stuttgart 
has  taken  a  prominent  part  through  its  numerous  talented  architects. 

The  inner  town  is  intersected  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  by  the  hand- 
some Konigs-Strasse^  3/4  M.  in  length,  formed  in  part  by  filling  up 
the  old  moat.  In  this  street,  opposite  the  Schloss-Platz ,  rise  the 
Kbnigin-Olga-Bau  (PI.  F,  3),  erected  in  1893-95,  and  the  imposing 
Konigsbau  (PI.  E,  3),  440  ft.  long  and  135  ft.  wide,  erected  by  Leins 
in  1856-60.  In  front  is  an  Ionic  colonnade,  broken  by  two  projecting 
Corinthian  porticoes.  The  lower  story  contains  a  cafe- restaurant 
(p.  1)  and  the  permanent  exhibition  of  the  Kunstgewerbeverein^  with 
the  latest  achievements  of  the  industrial  arts  (adm.,  see  p.  2);  on 
the  first  floor  are  large  concert  and  ball  rooms.  —  Adjoining  the 
Konigsbau  is  the  Palace  of  the  Crown  Prince  (PL  E,  4).  On  the 
right,  farther  on,  are  the  Bazaar,  the  Kanzlei  (government-offices), 
and  the  ^Ministerium'  of  the  Exterior,  or  Foreign  Office  (PI.  E,  4). 

The  extensive  *Schloss-Platz  (PI.  E,  F,  3,  4)  is  adorned  with  a 
Column,  93  ft.  high,  erected  in  1841  to  the  memory  of  King  William, 
and  crowned  with  a  Concordia  in  bronze,  15  ft.  high,  from  a  design 
by  Hofer.  At  the  corners  of  the  pedestal  are  represented  the  'Lehr- 
stand',  'Nahrstand',  'Wehrstand'  (i.e.  the  teachers,  the  bread-win- 
ners, and  the  defenders  of  the  country) ,  and  Commerce  ,  also  by 
Hofer.  The  reliefs  on  the  pedestal  represent  the  confirmation  of 
the  constitution,  the  battles  of  La  Fere-Champenoise  and  Brienne, 
and  the  storming  of  Sens ,  and  are  cast  in  bronze  from  designs  by 
Wagner.  The  genii  at  the  base  of  the  two  neighbouring  fountains, 
representing  the  rivers  of  Wurtemberg,  are  by  Kopp.  Opposite 
rises  the  Monument  of  Duke  Christopher  of  "Wurtemberg  (d.  1568), 
erected  in  1889,  adorned  with  reliefs  from  his  life  on  the  pedestal 
by  Paul  Milller.  In  the  grounds  to  the  right  is  a  Marble  Bust  of 
Dannecker,  by  Kurfess(1888),  crowned  by  a  genius  in  bronze.  Band 
on  Sun,  (see  p.  2). 

The  new  Palace  (PI.  E,  3,  4),  built  in  1746-1807  and  unoc- 

1* 


4     Route  1.  STUTTGART.  Palace. 

cupied  since  the  death  of  the  Queen  Dowager  Olga  in  1892,  consists 
of  a  central  building,  adorned  with  a  gilded  crown,  and  of  two  wings, 
and  contains  ahout  360  apartments.  The  hall,  the  staircase,  and  the 
'marble',  the  'blue',  the  'white',  and  the  'dining'  rooms  are  best 
worth  seeing  (adm.,  see  p.  2;  entrance  in  the  S.W.  wing). 

The  groundfloor  and  first  floor  contain  a  series  of  large  frescoes  by 
Gegenbaur,  executed  in  1843-45,  cliiefly  from  the  history  of  Count  Eberhard 
im  Bart  (see  below).  Among  the  numerous  pictures  may  be  mentioned: 
Pollak,  Oriental  woman  with  carrier-pigeon;  E.  Stockier,  Lady  of  the 
18th  cent,  (water-colour).  Sculptures:  Dannecker,  Bacchus,  Venus.  Few 
of  the  others  are  original  works.  Then  china  from  the  factories  of  Lud- 
wigsburg  and  Meissen,  Sevres  porcelain  presented  by  Napoleon  I.,  Pom- 
peian  antiques,  etc.  A  collection  of  upwards  of  500  Majolica  vases  of  the 
16th  cent,  (from  Faenza  and  Urbino),  purchased  at  Venice  in  the  18th  cent, 
by  Duke  Charles  Eugene,  ia  not  usually  shown  to  visitors. 

The  N.  wing  of  the  palace  adjoins  the  Boyal  Theatre  (^Hof theater ; 
PI.  E,  3).  On  the  E.  side  of  the  palace  are  the  Private  Royal  Stables 
(PI.  E,  4),  and  at  the  end  of  the  Konigs-Strasse  are  the  Royal  Mews 
(PI.  F,  3). 

The  Old  Palace  (PI.  E,  F,  4),  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Schloss- 
Platz,  erected  by  Trefsc/i  in  1553-70,  forms  an  irregular  quadrangle, 
with  round  towers  at  the  corners  and  a  court  surrounded  by  arcades 
in  the  middle.  On  the  S.  side  is  the  entrance  to  the  tasteful  Gothic 
Chapel  (restored).  In  the  court  rises  the  equestrian  Statue  of 
Count  Eberhard  im  Bart  (d.  1496),  a  Count  of  Wurtemberg  who 
was  created  a  duke  by  the  Emp.  Max,  by  Hofer  (1859).  This  palace 
contains  the  office  of  the  Obersthofmeister,  or  chief  intendant  of 
the  palace  (see  p.  2;  open  on  week-days  8-9  a.m.).  In  the  E. 
tower  the  second  floor  is  reached  by  an  inclined  plane  instead  of  a 
staircase. 

In  the  Schiller-Platz  ,  which  adjoins  the  Old  Palace  on  the  W., 
rises  the  *Statue  of  Schiller  (PL  E,  4),  designed  by  Thorwaldsen, 
and  erected  in  1839  by  subscriptions  from  all  parts  of  Germany. 

On  the  S.  side  of  the  Schiller-Platz  is  the  *Stiftskirche  (PI.  E,  4 ; 
bell  at  the  S.  Portal),  Protestant  since  1534,  in  the  Gothic  style, 
erected  in  1436-95.  Towers  unfinished.  Reliefs  on  the  S.  Portal: 
Christ  bearing  the  Cross,  Christ  and  the  Apostles. 

The  interior,  restored  by  Heideloff  in  1839-43,  contains  ^Stained  Glass 
of  1848-51,  from  drawings  by  Neher:  in  the  choir  the  Nativity,  Crucifixion, 
Resurrection,  Pentecost,  and  the  Last  Judgment;  in  the  organ-choir  King 
David.  By  the  N.  wall  of  the  choir,  eleven  ''Stone  Figures  of  Counts  of 
Wurtemberg,  dating  from  the  close  of  the  16th  century.  The  chapels  to  the 
left  and  right  of  the  choir  contain  many  old  monuments,  inclu_ding  the 
painted  stone  monument  of  Count  Albert  von  Hohenlohe  (d.  1575)  in  the 
Urbankapelle  (left).  Adjacent,  at  the  end  of  the  N.  aisle,  is  an  old  votive 
relief  in  stone,  representing  Christ  as  the  Judge  of  the  World  (above),  and 
the  Wise  and  Foolish  Virgins  (below).  Gothic  pulpit  in  stone,  of  the 
beginning  of  the  16th  cent.,  with  reliefs,  disfigured  by  bronzing. 

A  few  paces  to  the  S.  lies  the  Market  Place  (PI.  E,  4),  the 
centre  of  old  Stuttgart,  with  a  few  patrician  dwelling-houses  of  the 
16th  cent,  and  the  insignificant  Town  Hall.  The  latter  is  to  be 
replaced  by  a  new  structure.  —  The  Markt-Strasse  leads  to  the  S.E. 


Academy.  STUTTGART.  1.  Route.    5 

to  the  St.  Leonhards-Piatz,  with  the  late-Gothic  church  of  St.  Leon- 
hard  (PL  F,  5).  By  the  choir  is  a  'Calvary'  of  1501,  recently  restored 
by  Donndorf. 

The  Olga-Strasse,  which  runs  hence  to  the  E.,  and  in  which  is 
the  new  English  Church  (PI.  F,  5),  built  by  Wagner,  and  the  Neckar- 
Strasse,  which  begins  at  the  Charlotten-Platz,  are  among  the  finest 
of  the  new  streets. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Neckae-Strasse  (through  which  runs 
the  tramway  to  Berg  and  Cannstatt,  p.  12),  on  the  right,  is  the 
Palace  of  King  William  II.  (Pi.  F,  4).  In  the  Charlotten-Platz 
opposite  are  Marble  Busts  of  Bismarck  and  Moltke,  by  Donndorf 
(1889).  To  the  right,  at  the  other  corner  of  the  Charlotten-Str.,  is 
the  Kriegsministerium  or  war-office. 

No.  4,  adjoining  the  palace ,  is  occupied  by  the  State  Archives 
(PI.  F,  4).  On  the  middle  and  upper  floors  and  in  the  N.  wing 
(Neckar-Str.  6)  of  this  building  is  the  extensive  and  valuable 
*Cabinet  of  Natural  History  (adm.,  see  p.  2). 

The  collections  are  divided  into  two  sections,  the  one  general,  the 
other  relating  to  Wurtemberg  only.  On  the  groundfloor  is  the  Mineralo- 
gical-Geognostic-Palaeontological  Collection  relating  to  Wurtemberg:  miner- 
als from  the  old  Black  Forest  mines ;  specimens  of  the  geological  formations 
from  the  earliest  to  the  latest  periods;  and  prehistoric  antiquities  down 
to  the  lake  -  dwelling  era.  Observe  the  numerous  saurians  (lubyrintho- 
don,  etc.),  the  pentacrinites ,  the  group  with  thirteen  mammoth's  teeth, 
and  the  twenty-four  lizards  from  the  white  sandstone  of  Stuttgart.  —  The 
second  floor  contains  the  Zoological  Museum:  in  the  wing  to  the  right  are 
mammalia;  in  the  chief  hall  to  the  left  are  birds  (Elliofs  collection  of 
Himalaya  pheasants),  fishes,  reptiles;  also  corals  and  insects,  particularly 
from  S.  Africa.  —  The  upper  floor,  in  the  wing  to  the  rifiht,  contains 
the  Zoological  and  Botanical  Collections  of  Wurtemberg  (admirably  arranged, 
chronologically,  topographically,  etc.).  The  main  hall  on  the  left  is  devoted 
to  the  general  Palaeontologxal,  Mineralogical,  and  Oeognostic  Collections,  an 
Osteological  Collection,  and  the  general  Botanical  Collection,  with  herbarium, 
fruits,  woods,  etc. 

The  large  building  opposite ,  with  four  wings  and  three  courts, 
is  the  Academy  (PI.  F,  4),  the  seat  in  1775-1794  of  the  Karls- 
Schule  (p.  14),  founded  by  Duke  Charles,  where  Schiller  received 
his  education  as  a  student  of  medicine,  and  where  he  surreptitiously 
wrote  his  'Robbers'.  The  dining-hall  contains  the  King's  Private 
Library.    On  the  groundfloor  are  guard-rooms. 

The  royal  Library  (PI.  F,  G,  4),  Neckar-Str.  8,  a  massive  build- 
ing by  Landauer  (1883),  contains  500,000  vols.,  3800  MSS.,  7200 
Bibles  in  more  than  100  different  languages,  and  2400  specimens  of 
early  printing  (adm.,  see  p.  2). 

The  groundfloor  of  this  building  is  occupied  by  the  Collection 
of  "Wurtemberg  Antiquities  (adm.,  see  p.  2). 

To  the  right  of  the  entrance-hall  are  objects  from  Lale  Dwellings  and 
Pre-Roman  Tumuli,  chiefly  found  in  Wurtemberg.  The  second  compart- 
ment to  the  right  contains  articles  of  special  interest  in  gold,  bronze,  and 
iron  from  the  royal  tombs  at  Hundersingen  (on  the  Danube),  Klein-Aspergle, 
and  Belle-Remise  (Ludwigsburg),  proving  a  commercial  intercourse  with 
Italy  in  the  4th  cent.  B.  C.  —  Roman  Anticagliae.  —  Objects  from  Tumuli 
of  the  Pre-Carlovingian  and  the  Carlovingian  periods,  including  many  gold 


6     Boutel.  STUTTGART.  Museum 

ornaments,  curious  silver  damaskeened  work,  and  weapons.  —  Stove-plates 
of  the  16th  cent.,  in  cast  and  forged  iron;  objects  in  tin,  bronze,  and  copper. 
—  Gold  and  silver  ornaments,  weapons,  and'^armour,  including  a  curious 
jousting  helmet.  The  'Red  Room',  in  the  S.  wing,  contains  the  Royal 
Cabinet  of  Art  and  Antiquities ,  founded  by  the  Dukes  of  Wurtemberg 
and  specially  rich  in  vessels  and  weapons  of  the  Renaissance.  Italian 
bronzes  of  the  17th  century.  In  one  of  the  long  cases  is  a  pack  of  cards, 
painted  in  the  15th  century.  On  both  sides  of  this  room  are  reproduc- 
tions of  Renaissance  apartments. 

To  the  left  of  the  entrance-hall  we  first  reach  the  Ceramic  Collection, 
including  numerous  tile -stoves  of  various  periods  and  styles  (late -Gothic 
stove  from  Ravensburg).  The.  MurscTiel  Collection  of  Porcelain  contains  ob- 
jects chiefly  of  Ludwigsburg  manufacture.  The  Rococo  Room  is  adjoined 
by  one  fitted  up  in  the  style  of  the  17th  cent.,  with  guild -vessels  and 
household  gear.  Opposite  is  the  collection  of  Glass,  Articles  in  Wood  and 
Leather,  Instruments,  Textile  Fabrics,  and  Costumes.  The  S.  Room  con- 
tains the  collection  of  ecclesiastical  art,  including  paintings  by  Zeitblom 
(altar-piece  from  Hausen  of  1488,  another  from  the  church  of  Heerberg  of 
1497),  Schaffner,  B.  Strigel,  Amber ger  (portraits  of  Heinrich  Marz  and  Afra 
Rehm),  and  other  Swabian  masters  of  the  15-16th  centuries.  Fine  stained 
glass.  Byzantine  and  Roman  vessels.     Carpets  and  embroideries. 

Beyond  tlie  library  are  the  extensive  Law  Courts  (PI.  G,  4), 
built  by  Landauer  in  1880,  with  a  fine  vestibule  and  jury  court.  Tlie 
colossal  groups  of  Law  and  Justice  on  the  attic-story  are  by  Kopp. 

Farther  down  the  Neckar-Strasse  (No.  32),  opposite  the  Mint, 
is  the  *l[Itiseum  of  Art  (PI.  G,  3),  including  the  Lapidarium  (Roman 
stone  monuments),  a  Cabinet  of  Engravings,  and  Collections  of 
Paintings  and  Sculptures  (adm.,  see  p.  2).  In  the  court-yard  rises 
an  Equestrian  Statue  of  King  William  I.  fd.  1864),  by  Hofer,  erected 
in  1884. 

On  the  groundfloor  are  Casts,  the  rooms  to  the  left  containing  those 
after  ancient,  the  rooms  to  the  right  those  after  modern  works.  Among 
the  latter  are  numerous  models  and  casts  of  Thorwaldsen''s  works,  presented 
by  himself  (d.  1844).  —  Among  the  Original  "Works  in  the  principal  room 
to  the  right  are  Dannecker'^s  celebrated  bust  of  Schiller  in  marble  (hair 
partially  mutilated  by  the  master  himself  in  a  fit  of  mental  aberration; 
1st  section  to  the  right);  marble  busts  of  Uhland  by  Rau  and  King  Charles 
by  Federlein  (1st  section,  left);  Bathsheba  by  Kopf  and  Girl  bathing  (bronze) 
by  Falconnet  (2nd  sec,  left);  *Venus  by  Bissen  and  Boy  in  danger  by  Uoscft 
(3rd  sec,  right);  Rape  of  Proserpine  by  Eofer  (4th  sec,  right). 

The  Picture  Gallery  is  on  the  upper  floor  (more  than  SOO  pictures, 
each  furnished  with  the  name  of  its  subject  and  painter;  catalogue  80  pf. ; 
director.  Prof.  Rustige). 

Room  I,  Italian  Masters.  To  the  right:  8.  Tintoretto,  Portrait  of  a 
"Venetian  Senator;  10.  Bonifacio  II.,  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds;  *16.  Giov. 
Bellini,  Pieta;  14.  Lor.  Lotto,  Christ  on  the  Cross;  23.  Carlo  Dolci ,  The 
Virgin;  33.  Titian,  Mary  Magdalen;  34.  Venetian  School,  Madonna  with 
SS.  Rosalie  and  Jerome  (injured);  64.  Franc.  Torbido,  Adoration  of  the 
Shepherds;  4.  L.  Giordano,  Rinaldo  and  Armida;  1.  Faolo  Veronese,  Lady 
in  Venetian  costume. 

Cabinets:  I.  (left)  68.  School  of  Caravaggio ,  Soldiers  playing  dice; 
(right)  77.  Ant.  Canale  (Canaletto),  Venetian  scene.  —  II.  (left)  93.  Giov. 
Bellini,  Madonna  enthroned  with  saints  and  worshipping  donor;  (right) 
109.  Canaletto,  Piazza  of  San  Marco  in  Venice.  —  III.  (right)  128,  131. 
P.  Mignard,  Madonn  s.  —  IV.  (left)  140.  Fv.  Vanni,  Madonna  and  saints ; 
(right)  150.  y/ejjo^o,  Apollo  (sketch).  —V.  il^ix)  Tiepolo,  Findina  of  Moses; 
163.  C.  J.  Vernet,  Sea-piece ;  (right)  173.  Canaletto,  Piazza  of  San  Marco.  — 
VI.  (right)  197.  Le  Su^ur,  Entombment  (in  grisaille). 

Room  II.  (Right)  259.  CI.  Lorrain,  Landscape;  267.  Xe  5r«»,  "^ild-boar 
hunt;  268,  272,  Kupetzhy  (d.  1740),  Portraits  of  himself  and  his  wife;  271. 


of  Art.  STUTTGART.  1.  Route.     7 

Canaletto,  Canal  Grande  at  Venice;  250.  G.  F.  Penni,  Holy  Family,  248. 
Guido  Reni.,  Martyrdom  of  St.  Sebastian;  245.  Zuvharan,  Holy  Family; 
239.  After  Leonardo  da  Vinci.,  Portrait  of  Mona  Lisa;  2;^8.  Cesar'e  da  Sesto, 
Madonna  and  Child  with  St.  Jerome;  233.  Phil,  de  Champaigne,  Christ  on 
the  Mt.  of  Olives;  230,  224,  215,  217,  209,  212.  Canaletto,  Views  of  Venice. 
—  We  now  return  to  the  corridor  and  proceed  in  a  straight  direction  to  — 

Room  III.  Netherlands  School.  To  the  left:  284.  A.  van  der  Werff, 
Mary  Magdalen;  287.  C.  Netscher,  Portrait  of  a  man;  2S8.  A.  Brouwer,  Old 
man  counting  money;  291.  Jan  van  der  Baen ,  Portrait  of  a  man  5  292. 
C.  Netscher.,  Portrait  of  a  woman.  —  298.  Brouvcer .,  Operation  on  a 
peasant's  foot;  302.  Ph.  Wouicerman,  Two  peasants  bringing  a  horse  to  a 
gentleman;  3U5.  Van  Dyck,  De  Crayer,  the  painter;  307.  Rubens  {!),  Repent- 
ant Magdalen;  308.  Rembrandt  (?) ,  Old  woman;  309.  Ph.  Wouwerman, 
Peasants  with  horses;  310.  J.  van  Ruysdael,  Forest-scene;  314.  Fr.  Pourbus 
the  Younger.,  Pcirtrait  of  a  man;  315  Hobbema,  Landscape.  —  321.  Lievens, 
Portrait  of  an  elderly  man;  322.  Wetnix  the  Elder,  Shepherd  reposing; 
325.  Hobbema,  Landscape;  327.  M.  J.  Mierevelt,  Dutch  Burgomaster;  328. 
Rembrandt,  St.  Paul  in  prison,  an  early  work  (1627);  329.  Metsu,  Portrait 
of  a  young  lady;  331.  Moucheron,  Forest-scene;  332.  A.  van  Everdingen, 
Northern  landscape ;  333.  Mierevelt.  Portrait  of  a  man;  336.  Jordaens,  Ver- 
tumnus  and  Pomona.  —  338.  G.Flinck,  Portrait  of  a  boy;  341.  Ph.  Wouwer- 
man, Wagoner;  344.  Wybrandt  van  Geest,  Dutch  family;  346,  Ph.  Wouwerman, 
Horses  by  a  village-tavern;  348.  Tenters  the  Younger,  Alchemist.  —  356,  364. 
M.  d'^Hondecoeter,  Poultry;  359.  Frans  Hals,  Man  with  falcon;  358.  P.  Brueg- 
hel, Christ  entering  Jerusalem;  355.  Unknown  Master,  Portrait  of  a  woman. 

Corridor.  Chiefly  small  Dutch  pictures:  393,  396,  406,  409.  Jan 
Brueghel,  Allegorical  representations  of  the  elements;  447.  Roos,  Evening- 
scene,  with  herd  of  cattle;  4o3.  S.  Koninck,  A  scholar;  454.  A.  Cuyp,  Land- 
scape with  cattle;  455.  Bakhuysen,  Rough  sea,  with  vessels. 

Room  to  the  Right  (adjoining  the  Corridor).  Continuation  of  small 
Dutch  and  German  pictures.  574,  564.  Rugendas ,  Battle,  Encampment; 
566,  579.  Frank,  Adoration  of  the  Magi;  531,  589.  Rugendas,  Battle-pieces; 
586.  Frank  the  Elder,  Adoration  of  the  Magi. 

Room  IV.  Old  German  Masters,  particularly  of  the  Swabian  School. 
Barth.  Zeitblom  is  well  represented  (465,  466,  471,  472.  Wings  of  an  altar- 
piece  from  Eschach,  etc.).  464.  Mabuse,  Crucifixion;  526.  School  of  Ulm, 
Portrait  of  a  woman;  524.  B.  Strigel,  Coronation  of  the  Virgin;  522. 
Memling  (;')■,  Bathsheba;  513.  Barihel  Beham,  St.  Benedict.  —  494.  Amberger, 
Portrait.  —  488.  Herlin,  The  Magi  on  the  way  to  Bethlehem;  4b3,  481. 
C.  Vos,  Scenes  from  the  life  of  St.  George;  477.  Herlin,  Entombment; 
479,  475.  B.  Strigel,  Entombment,  Flight  into  Egypt. 

Room  adjoining  the  4th  Saloon.  Also  old  German  pictures.  (Right)  527. 
Old  Flemish  School,  Madonna;  528.  School  of  Holbein  the  Younger,  Portrait; 
529,  532.  Lucas  Cranach,  Judith,  Portrait  of  a  woman. 

Adjoining  Room  III  is  the  new  South  Wing,  in  the  five  rooms  of 
which  the  "^Modern  Pictures  are  arranged. 

Room  V.     Several  works  bv  the  Stuttgart  artists  Schick  (d.  1812)  and 
Wdchter   (d.  1852).     596.    Leybold,  Portrait   of  Dannecker;   695.  Reinhardt 
Landscape  during  a    storm ;    598.  J.  A.  Koch,    Landscape  after   a  thunder 
storm  (accessories  by  Hey  deck);  617.  Angelica  Kaufmann,  Portrait  of  a  lady 
647.  J.  A.  Koch,  Landscape. 

Room  VI.  To  the  left:  '653,  0.  Achenbach,  Posilipo;  735.  Nahl,  Wal 
lenstein  and  Seni;  656.  K.  von  Piloiy,  Nero  (study  of  a  head);  654.  Laup 
heimer,  A  bashful  adorer;  *656.  Bleibtreu,  Battle  of  Worth;  6o7.  Barison 
Venetian  familv;  784.  Kauffmann,  'Dog  Latin";  788.  Hdcker,  Twilight;  659 
Dill,  Canal  Grande;  -789.  Chierici,  A  surprise;  696.  Funk,  The  Kaiser- 
Gebirge;  713.  Irimr,  Scene  in  the  Hartz  Mts.;  652.  H.  Baisch,  Curiosity 
797.  W.  von  Kaulbach,  Battle  of  the  Huns  (sketch);  678.  Majer,  Monk  asleep 
662.  Ziigel,  Autumn;  -733.  Morgenstern,  The  Elbe  by  moonlight;  6b8.  Hdber- 
lin.  Prince  Alexander  of  Wurtemberg  at  the  battle  of  Peterwardein  ;  163 
Adam,  Hungarian  market-scene;  *672r  Peters,  Flowers;  673.  Friedr.  Keller 
Entombment;  '675.  Aiwasowsky.  Sea-piece;  •661.  Lier,  View  on  the  Scottish 
coast;  "674.  Braith,  Flock  of  sheep  returning  home. 


8     Route  1.  STUTTGART.  Museum  of  Art. 

Room  VII.  To  the  left:  660.  K.  von  Piloty,  Three  sketches  for  the 
frescoe''  on  the  Maximilianeum  in  Munich  (p.  156);  711.  Neher,  The  Widow's 
Son  at  Nain:  "'681.  A.  Zimmermann,  The  Obersee;  686.  Neher,  Descent  from 
the  Cross;  687.  Kleyen,  Madonna;  780.  Preller,  Tumulus;  ^690.  Gude,  Calm; 
691.  Bauerle^  Orphans;  697.  Ehert,  Amper-Thal;  no  number,  *0.  Achenbach, 
Storm  on  the  Roman  Campagna;  -792.  Haug,  The  Prussians  at  Mockern; 
651.  Ludtiig^  Land-cape;  6v5.  Gudin,  After  the  storm;  701.  Lange^  Chateau 
of  Kolowrat;  702.  /7ec^■,  Itinerant  preacher;  *7(_i3.  Tiesenhausen,  On  the  Baltic; 
705.  Heck,  In  church;  707.  Knrzbauer,  The  first  picture-book;  709.  Kappii^ 
Black  Forest  village  in  winter;  710.  Reiniger,  Landscape;  *796.  Ekenaes^ 
Preparing  for  the  fishing;  791.  Mali,  Flock  of  sheep  in  winter;  712.  A.  von 
Werner,  Luther  at  the  Diet  of  Worms;  800.  Bredl,  Street  letter  -  writer  in 
Algiers. 

Room  VIII.  To  the  left:  714.  Rottmann,  Epidaurus;  715.  Clost,  Ha- 
drian's Villa  at  Tivoli;  '716.  Dietz,  Scene  outside  the  gates  of  Leipsic  in 
1813;  no  number,  Russ,  Market-place  at  Friesach;  719.  Schaumann,  Popular 
fete  at  Cannstatt;  ~717.  Biirkel,  Tyrol ese  pass;  722.  Rustige,  Emp.  Otho  I. 
after  the  conquest  of  the  Danes;  *723.  Schonleber,  Evening  at  Dort;  '^1^. 
Bokelmann,  At  the  pawnbroker's;  727.  Lessing,  Franconian  mountain-scene; 
730.  \oltz,  Alpine  herd-girls;  »729.  R.  Jordan,  Shipwreck;  732.  Braekeleer, 
Peasants  drinking;  no  number,  Van  Eove,  Dutch  interior;  no  number,  Eggel, 
Odin's  Hunt;  801.  jLe?ifcacA,  William  I.;  no  number,  Bossuet,  Mauresco-Spanish 
gate;  740.  Funk.  Scene  in  theEifel;  C.  von  Millie?',  741  .Judgment  of  Paris, 
745.  Romeo  and  Juliet ;  742.  Lofftz,  Erasmus;  743.  0.  £aisc;»,  Rendezvous; 
*744.  Ludwig,  The  St.  Gotthard. 

Room  IX.  To  the  left:  '746.  Jos.  Brandt,  Cavalry -skirmish;  747. 
Mali,  North  Italian  mountain-scene;  *748.  W.  von  Kaulbach,  Battle  of  Sala- 
nais,  a  sketch  in  colours;  750.  Schendel,  Vegetable-seller;  749.  Ed.  Schleich, 
Landscape;  '751.  Defregger,  The  wounded  huntsman;  753.  Faber  du  Four, 
Battle  of  Coeuilly,  1870;  754.  Rethel ,  Finding  of  the  body  of  Gustavus 
Adolphus  at  Liit'zen;  755.  Rotlmann,  The  Hintersee;  75(j.  Griinenicald^ 
Hail-storm  in  harvest;  757.  Hummel,  Mountain-scene;  "758.  0.  Achenbach, 
The  strangers'  cemetery  at  Rome;  '759.  Feuerbach,  Iphigeneia;  '760.  Makart, 
Cleopatra;  761.  Loffler,  Jerusalem;  762.  Bohn,  Serenade;  763.  Peters,  Hunt- 
ing-seat in  winter;  765.  Riedel,  Medea;  "^764.  A.  Achenbach,  Dutch  land- 
scape; 766.  Brian,  Marriage-proces-ion  in  Alsace;  767.  Ebert,  Forest-scene; 
768.  Schroder,  Shakespeare  brought  before  the  justice  for  poaching;  *769. 
Braith,  Cattle  in  a  thunder-storm;  770.  Fdber  du  Faur ,  Battle  of  Cham- 
pigny  ;  771.  Haberlin.  Suppre'^sion  of  the  Wurtemberg  monastery  of  Alpirs- 
bach  in  1648;  772.  Mali,  The  shepherd's  morning-greeting;  773.  Ed.  Schleich, 
Landscape;  774.  Gegenbaur,  Hercules  andOmphale;  775.  Rvstige,  The  Duke 
of  Alva  in  the  castle  of  Rudolstadt;  776  Schiitz  .,  Midday-rest  in  harvest; 
777.  Leu,  The  Hohe  Goll  near  Berchtesgaden. 

The  corridor  of  the  new  N.  Wing  contains  seven  cartoons  for  Gegen- 
haur''s  frescoes  in  the  Palace  (p.  4).     Adjacent,  in  — 

Room  I,  is  the  continuation  of  the  modern  pictures  (the  most  recent 
acquisitions).  To  the  left,  790.  Chierici,  Portrait  of  himself;  808.  Fouace, 
At  the  buffet;  807.  De  Bock,  Scene  on  the  Dunes;  805.  De  Haas,  Cattle  on 
the  Dunes  ;  no  number,  Courtens.  Boats  by  morning  light;  Buttersack,  Village- 
pond;  802.  Lenbach,  Prince  Bismarck  (chalk  drawing);  8*4.  Josi  Villegas^ 
In  church;  no  number,  Ziigel,  Cattle  pasturing;  Lautemchlager ,  Lost  in 
thought;  Igler,  Knitting-school;   Windmaier,  Winter-scene. 

Room  II  contains  the  collection  left  to  the  Museum  by  Queen  Olga 
(1893),  consisting  of  water-colour  copies  of  celebrated  pictures  by  the  old 
masters  and  also  of  a  few  origin.il  works.  Among  the  latter  are:  to  the 
left,  Rizzoni,  Polish  Tavern;  Spitzweg,  The  Alchemist;  Bocklin.  Castle  on 
the  sea;  Oiov.  Bellini  {1),  Sladonna;  Perugino  {")),  Holy  Family  with  angels; 
Franc.  Francia,  Madonna;  Buchner,  Portrait  of  Queen  Olga;  Gabriel  Max, 
Study  of  a  head;  Perugino,  Madonna;  Igler.  Singing  lesson;  Domenichino^ 
St.  Sebastian;    Vervloei,   The  Pope  washing  the  feet  of  twelve  poor  men. 

On  a  height  to  the  right  of  the  museum  is  the  Kunstschule  (PI. 
G,  3),  adorned  externally  with  frescoes  and  with  statues  of  Phidias, 


SchlosS'Garten.  STUTTGART.  1.  Route.     9 

Polygnotus,  Michael  Angelo,  and  Raphael  on  the  eastern  facade  in 
the  Urban-Str.  —  Near  the  Museum,  in  a  niche  on  a  house  at  the 
corner  of  the  Eugen-Str.  and  the  Moser-Str.  (PL  G,3,4),  is  a  bronze 
bust  of  the  jurist  Joh.  Jac.  Moser  (1701-85),  by  Kopp,  erected  in 
1885.  A  flight  of  steps  ascends  hence  to  the  Eugen-Platz  (PI.  G, 
H,  4),  which  is  adorned  with  a  handsome  fountain  (Galatea)  by 
Rieth  and  affords  a  fine  view  of  the  town.  Below  is  a  bronze  bust 
of  Duke  Eugene  of  Wuriemberg  (d.  1857),  by  Pelargus.  To  the 
Vhlandshohe,  see  p.  11.  —  About  1/2  M.  beyond  the  Museum  the 
Neckar-Str.  expands  into  the  so-called  Neckarthor,  an  open  space 
embellished  with  a  Water  Nymph  by  Dannecker.  To  the  right,  above, 
is  the  Romanesque  Friedenskirche  (PI.  H,  2),  built  by  DoUinger 
in  1893. 

On  the  W.  side  of  the  Neckar-Strasse  is  the  *Scliloss-Garten  or 
Anlagen  (Pi.  F,  G,  3-1),  laid  out  in  the  English  style  in  1808. 
These  charming  pleasure-grounds,  with  their  fine  groups  of  trees, 
flower-beds,  and  sheets  of  water,  200  acres  in  area  and  extend- 
ing to  a  length  of  2  M.  (nearly  to  Cannstatt),  are  adorned  with 
modern  sculptures  in  marble  (chiefly  copies  from  the  antique), 
especially  in  the  so-called  Botanic  Garden  to  the  E.  of  the  upper 
pond.  Above  the  conduit  which  feeds  the  pond,  on  the  side  next 
the  palace,  is  a  colossal  group  by  Dannecker,  representing  water 
and  meadow  nymphs.  In  the  'Rondel'  of  the  main  avenue  on  the 
front :  Count  Eberhard  and  the  Shepherd  (from  Uhland),  a  colossal 
group  by  Paul  Milller  (1881).  On  an  island  at  the  end  of  this 
avenue  is  the  Abduction  of  Hylas ,  by  Hofer  (1850) ,  and  a  little 
farther  on,  at  the  beginning  of  the  chestnut  avenue  leading  to 
(I1/4  M.)  Rosenstein  (p.  13),  are  two  Horse-tamers,  also  by  Hofer 
(1848). 

We  now  enter  the  N.W.  quarter  of  the  town,  and  note  the  fine 
buildings  of  the  Wurttemhergische  Vereinsbank  and  the  Reichsbankj 
both  in  the  Friedrichs-Strasse  {l^os.  AS,  22).  The  Kriegsberg-Strasse 
and  the  Goethe  -  Strasse  contain ,  perhaps ,  the  handsomest  new 
buildings  in  this  quarter. 

In  the  Schelling-Str.  (No.  5)  is  the  building  of  the  Wurtem- 
berg  Art  Union  {Kunstverein;  PI.  E,  3),  with  a  permanent  exhibition 
of  modern  works  of  art  (adm.,  see  p.  2). 

The  Polytechnic  School  (PI.  E,  3),  in  the  Stadtgarten-Platz 
(AUeen-Platz),  erected  in  the  Italian  Renaissance  style  by  Egle  in 
1860-65,  and  enlarged  by  Tritschler  in  1879,  is  adorned  to  the 
right  and  left  of  the  door  with  statues  of  Diirerand  Kepler.  Between 
the  Corinthian  columns  on  the  upper  story  are  ten  allegorical  statues 
representing  the  professions  for  which  a  technical  education  pre- 
pares the  student;  to  the  right  and  left  of  these  are  two  admirable 
allegorical  representations  of  Art  and  Science,  by  Th.  Bechlar  of 
Munich.  The  N.  fagade  bears  medallion-portraits  of  celebrated 
architects  and  mathematicians.    The  garden  in  front  was  adorned 


10     Route  1.  STUTTGART.  Stadt-Qarten. 

in  1889  with  marWe  busts  of  Friedrich  Vischer  (1807-87),  the  writer 
on  aesthetics,  "by  Donndorf,  and  of  Rob.  Mayer  (1814-78)  ,  the 
physicist,  hy  Kopf. 

The  *Stadt-Garten  (PI.  D,  E,  3;  adm.  50  pf.  ;  concerts,  see 
p.  2)  is  a  favourite  pleasure-resort,  with  a  restaurant. 

On  the  W.  side,  at  the  angle  of  the  Kanzlei-Str.  and  Schelling- 
Str.,  is  the  handsome  Architectural  School  [Baugewerkschule ;  PI. 
D,  3),  with  a  Mansard  roof  and  fine  courts,  hy  Egle  (1870).  In 
the  Kriegsherg-Str.  is  the  Gewerbehalle  (PL  D,  3) ,  the  building 
of  the  Industrial  Exhibition  of  1881,  now  containing  the  Exchange 
(business-hour  2-3  p.  m.)  and  an  exhibition  of  Export- Pro  ducts. 

About  V2  M.  io  the  X.W.,  in  the  Herdweg  CN'o.  10 D),  is  HiU's  Thier- 
garten  (PI.  C,  2) .  with  a  restaurant  (beer)  and  a  large  concert-garden. 
Adm.,  see  p.  2. 

In  the  Linden -Strasse  (PL  D,  2)  are  the  Panorama  (p.  2; 
Crucifixion,  with  view  of  Jerusalem,  by  Frosch  ,  Kriiger,  and 
Leigh),  the  Gymnastic  Hall,  and  the  Garrison  Church.,  a  brick  edi- 
fice in  the  Romanesque  style  by  Dollinger,  with  a  dome  and  cor- 
ner-towers. These  three  are  on  the  right ;  to  the  left  are  the  hand- 
some Realgymnasium  and  the  Chemical  Laboratory,  the  latter  a 
Renaissance  edifice  completed  in  1894. 

Near  this,  in  the  Hoppenlau-Str.,  is  the  Hoppenlau  Cemetery 
(PL  C,  D,  3),  with  the  graves  of  the  sculptor  Dannecker  (d.  1841) 
and  the  authors  Wilhelm  Hauff  (d.  1827)  and  Gustav  Schwab  (d. 
1850).  —  In  the  Biichsen-Str.  are  the  large  Stuttgart  Swimming 
Baths  (PL  D,  3),  erected  in  the  Moorish  style  in  1888-89  (adm.,  see 
p.  2).  Adjacent  is  the  Liederhalle  (PL  C,  D,  3),  the  property  of 
a  vocal  society,  with  large  concert-rooms.  The  new  hall,  built  by 
Leins  in  1875,  is  the  largest  in  Germany,  having  an  area  of  1600 
sq.  yds.  In  the  gaxden-veranda  are  plaster  models  of  the  statues  of 
Schiller  at  Marbach  and  Uhland  at  Tiibingen.  The  garden  (restau- 
rant and  concerts,  see  pp.  1,  2)  contains  a  colossal  bust  of  Vhland 
in  bronze,  and  marble  busts  of  G.  Schwab  and  *Franz  Schubert. 

To  the  N.E.,  between  the  Linden-Str. ,  Kanzlei-Str.,  and  Schloss- 
Str,,  is  the  handsome  new  *Landesge"werbe-Miiseum  (PL  D,  E,  3), 
or  Industrial  Museum,  erected  by  Neckelmann  in  an  elaborate  late- 
Renaissance  style.  The  principal  facade  is  turned  towards  the 
Schloss-Str,  The  lower  story  is  of  rustic  masonry ;  the  upper  is 
articulated  by  six  pairs  of  Corinthian  columns.  The  attic  is  adorned 
with  figures ,  and  domed  turrets  rise  at  the  angles.  The  whole  of 
the  building  is  embellished  with  medallions  of  famous  Swabians 
and  other  plastic  decoration.  The  chief  features  of  the  interior  are 
the  grand  staircase  and  the  King  Charles  Exhibition  Gallery,  the 
latter  adorned  with  a  painted  frieze  by  Ferd.  Keller  and  sculptures 
by  Hundrieser  and  Eberlein.  This  museum  (to  be  opened  in  Oct., 
1895)  will  contain  the  collections  previously  exhibited  in  the 
Legionskaserne  (PL  D,  E,  5),  including  Models,  an  Educational 
Exhibition,  and  an  Art  Library  (adm.,  see  p.  2). 


Marienkirche.  STUTTGART.  l.  Route.    11 

In  the  late-Gothic  Spitalkirche  (PL  D,  4),  erected  in  1471-93, 
and  restored  in  1841,  is  a  model  of  Dannecker's  large  marble  statue 
of  Christ  (p.  123).  The  cloisters  contain  the  tomb  of  Reuchlin 
(d.l522),  the  erudite  friend  of  Melanchthon.  — A  few  hundred 
paces  distant  (Hospital-Strasse  38)  is  the  Synagogue  (PI.  D,  4), 
in  the  Moorish  style,  with  two  handsome  domes,  erected  in  1861. 
Between  the  Schloss-Strasse,  Kasernen-Strasse,  and  Lange-Strasse 
(PI.  C,  4)  rise  the  imposing  new  Municipal  School  Buildings.  Far- 
ther to  the  "W.,  in  the  Lindenspiir-Strasse,  is  the  Ludwig  Hospital 
('Charlottenhilfe';  PI.  B,  3),  founded  and  admirably  fitted  up  by 
the  late  Staatsrath  von  Ludwig. 

On  the  Feuersee  (PI.  C,  5),  in  the  S.  W.  quarter  of  the  city,  is  the 
handsome  Gothic  *Church  of  St.  John,  by  Leins  (1866-76),  finely 
situated,  with  richly  painted  interior.  —  To  the  S.E.  of  this  point 
is  the  Silberburg- Garten  (PI.  C,  D,  6),  belonging  to  the  Museum- 
Gesellschaft,  the  leading  club  of  Stuttgart  (tickets  for  strangers  at 
Kanzlei-Str.  14).  In  the  grounds  below  the  garden,  between  the 
Marienthor  and  the  Silberburgthor,  is  a  marble  bust  of  E.  Morike, 
the  poet  (d.  1875) ,  by  Rosch.  —  In  the  Tubinger-Str.  is  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  *Marienkirche  (PI.  D,  6),  early-Gothic,  with  two 
towers,  by  Egle  (1872-75).  —  Among  the  handsome  houses  of  the 
Reinsburg  -  Strasse ,  which  connects  these  two  churches  ,  are  the 
*  Villa  Siegle  by  Gnauth  ,  and  the  houses  of  Hr.  Bohnenberger  by 
Beisbarth,  and  Prof.  Rustige  by  Leins.  —  The  suburb  of  Heslach 
has  a  Romanesque  church  by  Wolff  (1881). 

In  the  Fangelsbach  Cemeterp,  to  the  S.E.  of  the  town,  stands  the  War 
Memorial.,  desis;ned  by  Gnauth,  representing  Germania  dispensing  wreaths. 
—  The  Central  Cemetery ,  to  the  N.W. ,  beyond  the  Eisenbahndorfchen 
(cottages  of  railway  employees)  and  the  new  Municipal  Hospital,  contains  a 
Gothic  burial-chapel  and  several  handsome  mausoleums ;  it  commands  a 
fine  view.  About  V*  M.  higher  up ,  at  the  N.E.  end  of  the  Feuerbacher 
Heide,  is  the   Weissenhof,  a  popular  garden- restaurant  (view). 

Charming  walk  on  the  E.  side  of  Stuttgart,  from  the  IJeckar-Str. 
through  the  Eugen-Str.  to  the  Eugen-Platz  (p.  9),  and  past  the  Schiess- 
haus  to  the  (1/2  hr.)  *Uhlandshbhe  (Pi.  H,  3),  with  a  series  of  charming 
views  of  Stuttgart  and  the  valley  of  the  Neckar,  the  finest  points  being 
the  pavilion  at  the  top  and  'Uhland's  Lime-tree'.  A  similar  point  is  the 
Schillerhohe,  on  the  Bopser,  to  the  S.E.,  reached  by  the  Neue  Weinsteige 
(PI.  E,  F,  7),  commanding  varied  views  during  its  winding  ascent  from 
the  Olga-Str.  We  may  return  via  the  Hohenheimer-Str.  (PI,  F,  G,  6,  5; 
to  the  left,  below,  the  Stitzenburg  Restaurant.,  with  a  good  view  of  the 
city) ;  or  we  may  continue  the  excursion  through  the.  Bopserwahl  to  Degerloch. 

The  MocNTAiN  Railway  (Zahnradbahn,  'rack-and-pinion  line")  to  Deger- 
loch {Cui'haiis  ;  Schweizerhaus.  by  the  station;  Wilhelmshohe  Inn,  with  gar- 
den) starts  from  the  Filder-Str.  (PI.  D,  7).  At  least  6  or  8  trains  daily 
each  way  (12-14  min.;  up  30,  down  20  pf.) ;  views  on  the  left.  Splendid 
view  from  the  tower  (1585  ft.),  5  min.  from  the  station  at  the  top  (20  pf). 
Tramway  from  the  Schloss-Str.  every  36  min.;  see  p.  1.  —  From  Deger- 
loch a  steam-tramway  runs  in  3/^  hr.  to  Bohenheim  (p.  14),  via  Mohringen, 
Echterdingen,  and  Garbe  (Plieningeii). 

An    "EXCDKSION    TO     THE    WeST    STATION    BY     THE    GaU    RAILWAY   will    bC 

found  interesting  (views  to  the  left).  On  quitting  the  station,  the  line 
(for  Boblingen,  Freudenstadt,  etc. ;  see  R.  10)  describes  a  sharp  curve 
round    the  brick-works   on   the  Prag-Aeclcer,  and  then  runs  southward  in 


12     Route  1.  BERG.  Stuttgart 

the  direction  of  the  vine-clad  Kriegsherg,  which  juts  far  into  the  valley. 
On  the  top  of  the  latter  (to  the  right)  is  the  Feuerbacher  Eeide,  with  the 
Weissenhof  (see  p.  11).  The  gradient  is  very  steep  (1 :  52).  Beyond  a 
tunnel,  500  yds.  long,  we  obtain  to  the  left  a  striking  'View  of  the  town, 
with  the  dome  of  the  new  garrison-church  in  the  foreground  and  the 
picturesque  hills  opposite.  The  train  continues  to  ascend  the  slopes  of 
the  valley ,  through  gardens  and  vineyards ,  and  describes  a  wide  circle 
round  the  town.  The  view  increases  in  attraction.  After  20  min.  we  cross 
the  Vogelsang- Thai  by  a  viaduct  130  ft.  in  height,  and  stop  at  the  West 
Station  (the  former  Hasenberg  Station ;  1210  ft.  above  the  sea,  394  ft.  above 
the  station  at  Stuttgart),  which  lies  at  the  corner  of  the  wood.  This 
point,  which  commands  the  whole  town  and  the  valley  of  the  Neckar, 
may  also  be  reached  by  the  new  and  winding  Rothebiihl-Strasse  (PI.  A,  7). 
Still  finer  views  are  obtained  from  the  '-Jftgerhaus  (Restaurant),  near 
which  a  bust  of  the  novelist  Eauff  was  erected  in  1882,  and  from  the 
(V4  hr.)  stone  "Belvedere  Tower ^  130  ft.  in  height,  erected  in  1879  (cross 
the  rails  and  enter  the  wood) :  the  view  extends  as  far  as  the  Wartberg 
at  Heilbronn  and  the  Melibocus  \  to  the  S.  the  entire  chain  of  the  Swabian 
Alb,  with  the  Hohenstaufen,  Eechberg,  Neuffen,  Achalm,  and  Hohen- 
zoUern.  —  From  the  Jagerhaus  to  the  N.W.  through  the  woods  to  the 
Oais-Eiche,  V4  hr.;  to  the  W.  to  the  deer-park  (p.  14),  V2  hr.  —  The  direct 
path  from  the  Jagerhaus  to  Stuttgart  descends  abruptly  in  20-25  min., 
passing  on  the  right  the  reservoir  of  the  new  aqueduct  and  the  Reins- 
burg,  with  the  Karls-Linde  (PI.  C,  6),  a  hill  affording  a  fine  view,  im- 
mediately to  the  S.  of  Stuttgart.  Tramway  from  the  Schwab -Strasse, 
see  p.  1. 

From  Stuttgart  to  Cannstatt,  272  M.  The  Railway  (R.  8; 
8-11  min.)  penetrates  tlie  Rosenstein  (see  below)  by  a  tunnel  450 
yds.  long,  crosses  the  Neckar,  and  reach.es  the  station  of  Cannstatt, 
on  the  left  bank. 

The  Tramway  (p.  1 ;  21/2  M.  from  the  Palace  at  Stuttgart ,  in 
20  min.)  traverses  first  the  Neckar -Strasse  (p.  5),  and  then  the 
Vntere  Neckar-Strasse  (view  of  the  Royal  Villa,  see  below),  which 
extends  to  Berg;  from  Berg  it  crosses  the  Kbnig  -  Karl  -  Brucke 
(p.  13)  direct  to  Cannstatt  (terminus  near  the  rail,  station).  The 
old  high-road  runs  from  Berg  along  the  E.  slope  of  the  Rosenstein, 
passes  the  lower  entrance  of  the  Wilhelma  (p.  13),  and  sweeps  round 
to  Cannstatt  on  the  right  bank. 

Berg,  the  N.E.  suburb  of  Stuttgart,  sharing  its  rapid  growth, 
lies  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Neckar  and,  like  Cannstatt,  is  fre- 
quented as  a  health-resort.  Neuners  Mineralbad,  near  the  tramway 
office  at  the  beginning  of  the  town,  possesses  a  swimming-bath 
(open  in  winter  also),  an  aquarium,  a  garden-restaurant,  and  a 
favourite  open-air  theatre  (p.  2).  On  a  slight  eminence  above  the 
town  rises  the  Gothic  church,  built  by  Gaab  in  1855,  with  open 
tower.  —  The  Sprudel,  which  bursts  from  the  earth  like  that  of 
Carlsbad,  and  other  mineral  springs  on  the  Neckar-lnsel,  an  island 
which  extends  from  Berg  almost  to  Cannstatt,  has  given  rise  to  a 
number  of  bath-houses  {*Leuze's  Inselbad,  with  pension;  band 
plays  at  6  a.m.;  closed  in  winter). 

The  Royal  Villa,  on  the  top  of  the  hill  to  the  S.  of  Berg,  a 
modern  Renaissance  edifice,  built  by  Leins  in  1846-53  ,  and  sur- 


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and  Environs,  CANNSTATT.  1.  Route.     13 

rounded  with  gardens  and  hot-houses,  commands  a  charming  view. 
In  the  interior  are  pictures  by  Nic.  de  Keyset ,  Kaminski ,  Bohny 
Karl  Muiler,  etc.,  and  sculptures  by  Tenerani  and  other  masters. 
In  the  garden  are  statues  of  the  four  seasons  by  Kopf,  and  busts  in 
bronze  of  Nicholas,  Emperor  of  Russia,  and  his  consort,  by  Ranch. 
The  villa  belongs  to  the  Duchess  Wera  (adm.,  see  p.  2). 

The  Rosenstein,  a  villa  in  the  Romanesque  style  on  the  hill 
to  the  N.  of  Berg,  with  colonnades,  built  by  Salucci  in  1823-29, 
contains  numerous  sculptures  (by  Wagner,  Wolf^  Hoyer,  Tenerani, 
Hofer,  etc.)  and  an  extensive  collection  of  pictures  (catalogue  from 
the  steward).  Admission,  see  p.  2 ;  the  main  entrance  is  on  the 
S.W.  side  of  the  park,  opposite  the  chestnut  avenue  mentioned  at 
p.  9.  —  From  the  back  of  the  chateau  walks  descend  through  the 
grounds  to  the  Wilhelma. 

The  *'Wilhelma,  an  edifice  in  the  Moorish  style,  in  the  midst  of 
well-kept  grounds,  was  erected  for  King  William  I.  in  1842-51 
(adm.,  see  p.  2). 

The  Festsaalbau  contains  a  single  saloon  sumptuously  fitted  up.  It 
is  connected  by  means  of  circular  colonnades  with  two  Pavilions  (that  to 
the  right  contains  a  Picture  Gallery,  of  Oriental  subjects  only)  and  with 
the  Chateau  itself  on  the  upper  terrace.  In  the  centre  of  the  latter  is  the 
audience-chamber,  on  the  right  a  drawing-room,  on  the  left  the  king's 
study.  There  are  also  bedrooms,  dressing-rooms ,  and  a  bath-room  (with 
a  fine  stalactite  ceiling).  At  the  back  of  the  chateau  several  other  terraces 
rise  to  the  plateau  of  the  hill,  on  the  summit  of  which  is  a  Belvedere,  also 
in  the  Moorish  style,  commanding  a  charming  view.  The  lower  terraces 
within  the  colonnades  are  embellished  with  flower-beds,  fountains ,  and 
groups  of  animals  in  marble  and  bronze  by  Giildenstein. 


Cannstatt.  —  Hotels :  Stadtisches  Logixehaus,  at  the  Cursaal,  for 
patients;  Vier  Jahbeszeiten,  Saxnwald's  Bahxhof-Hotel,  Gasthof  & 
Restaukant  zum  Bahnhof,  at  the  station,  second-class ;  Bar,  in  the  market- 
place. ^Pension  LiEB,  Konig-Str.  13.  —  Restaurants :  Cursaal;  Sannwald; 
I^auss;  Krone. 

Sanatory  Establishments:  Dr.  VeieVs,  for  cutaneous  diseases;  Dr.  Bil- 
finger's,  for  the  Kneipp  Cure';  Wilhelmshad ,  the  property  of  the  town, 
open  in  winter  also.  Baths  also  in  the  Russischer  Hof  and  the  "Neue* 
Cannstaiter  Mineralbad,  Badgasse  (also  open  in  winter). 

Popular  Festival,  with  exhibitions,  races,  etc.,  every  alternate  year, 
beginning  on  28th  Sept.  and  lasting  3-7  days. 

Cannstatt,  a  town  with  20,267  inhab.,  is  connected  with  Berg 
by  the  *Kdnig-Karl-Brucke,  a  railway-bridge  with  five  arches, 
1000  ft.  long,  erected  in  1891-93  by  K.  von  Leibbrand.  It  possesses 
warm  saline  and  chalybeate  springs  which  attract  a  number  of 
patients,  but  is  rapidly  becoming  a  manufacturing  place.  The  Cur- 
saal, with  the  Wilhelmsbrunnen  (62-66°  Fahr.),  the  chief  mineral 
spring,  lies  on  the  Sulzerain  (view),  on  the  N.  side  of  the  town. 
Adjacent  are  a  whey-cure  establishment,  a  restaurant,  a  reading- 
room,  and  a  Trinkhalle.  In  front  of  the  Cursaal  is  a  bronze 
Equestrian  Statue  of  King  William  I.  (d.  1864),  by  Halbig, 
erected  in  1875.  —  In  the  Uffkirchhof  is  the  grave  of  Ferdinand 
Freiligrath,  the  poet  (d.  1876),  with  a  bronze  bust  by  Donndorf, 


14     Route  2.  JBRUCHSAL.  From  Heidelberg 

The  *Burgholz  (1175  ft.;  view-tower),  4  M.  from  Stuttgart  and  2  M. 
from  Cannstatt  (refreshments  at  the  Bnrgholzhof) ,  aflforda  a  fine  view  of 
Stuttgart  and  up  the  valley  of  the  Neckar. 

About  6  M  to  the  S.  of  Stuttgart  (railway  via  Degerloch  and 
Mo/irmgien  in  55  min.)liesHohenheim,  a  chateau  built  by  Duke  Char- 
les in  1768,  now  an  agricultural  school.  Fine  view  from  the  top,  — 
Klein-Hohenheim,  Scharnhausen,  and  Weil^  with  their  model-farms 
and  the  horse-breeding  establishment  at  Weil,  may  be  visited  on  the 
same  day  as  Hohenheim.  Permission  obtained  at  the  offices  of  the 
Hofdomane,rriedrichs-Str.26.  WeilislV2M.fromEsslingen(p.29). 

Vnter-  and  Ober-Tiirkheim  and  the  Rothenberg,  see  p.  29. 

The  Solitude  (1540  ft.),  6  M.  to  the  W.  of  Stuttgart,  built  in  1763-67  by 
Duke  Charles,  was  in  1770-75  the  seat  of  the  Karls-Schule,  where  Schiller 
received  part  of  his  education,  before  its  transference  to  Stuttgart  (p.  5). 
Schiller''s  father  was  inspector  of  the  gardens  here.  The  grounds  and 
park  command  a  fine  view  (best  from  the  dome  of  the  Schloss).  A  whey- 
cure  establishment  here  attracts  visitors  in  summer.  A  little  to  the  S.  is 
a  well-stocked  deer-pairk,  with  the  ^Barenschlosschen''  and  the  Baren-See, 
Deer  fed  at  11  a.m.,  wild  boars  at  6  p.m.  (cards  of  adm.  at  the  office  of 
the  royal  chasse,  in  the  Academy,  p.  4).  From  the  deer-park  to  the  Jdger- 
havs,  see  p.  12. 

2.  From  Heidelberg  to  Stuttgart  by  Bruchsal. 

69  M.  Railway  in  21/2-41/2  hrs.  (fares  9  JS^  60,  6  J!(  30,  4  Jif  10  pf.; 
express  10  Jl  95,  7  Jl  65,  5  J<Sf  45  pf.).  —  Route  via  ffeilbronn,  see  R.  4. 

The  line  traverses  a  fertile  plain ,  within  a  short  distance  of  the 
mountains.  Sta,tions  Kirchheim,  St.  Ilg en,  Wiesloch.  Nearing(15M.) 
Langenbrilcken  (Ochs ;  Sonne),  a  small  place  with  sulphur-baths,  we 
notice  Kislau,  once  a  chateau  of  the  prince-bishops  of  Speyer,  now 
a  penitentiary  for  women,  on  the  right. 

201/2  M.  Bruchsal  (^Hotel  Keller,  near  the  station;  ^Railway 
Restaurant)  is  the  junction  of  the  Bale  line  (see  Baedeker's  Rhine'). 
The  town  (11,900  inhab.)  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  Bishops 
of  Speyer,  whose  Schloss,  a  fine  rococo  edifice ,  handsomely  fitted 
up,  and  adorned  with  frescoes  by  Zick  ,  is  worthy  of  a  visit.  The 
castellated  building  on  the  left  as  the  station  is  approached  is  a 
prison,  erected  in  1845. 

Beyond  Bruchsal  a  short  tunnel.  241/2  M.  Heidelsheim.  27  M. 
Gondelsheim,  with  the  ruined  castle  and  modern  chateau  of  Count 
Langenstein. 

30  M.  Bretten  (540  ft.;  "^Krone,  1/4  M.  from  the  station ;  *Rail. 
Restaurant),  a  small  town  commanded  by  an  ancient  watch-tower. 
In  the  Bahnhof-Strasse  is  a  block  of  granite  with  a  bronze  medallion 
of  Grand-Duke  Frederick  of  Baden,  erected  to  commemorate  the 
jubilee  of  his  reign  (1891).  In  the  market-place,  opposite  the  post- 
office,  is  a  fountain,  surmounted  by  the  figure  of  a  tailless  dog. 
Adjacent  is  the  house  in  which  Philip  Melanchthon  (1497-1560), 
the  'Praeceptor  Germanise',  was  born;  a  monument  was  erected 
to  Jiim  in  1864  in  front  of  the  school-house,  at  the  end  of  the 


to  Stuttgart.  LUDWIGSBURG.  2.  Route.    15 

town.  Branch-lines  to  Durlach  and  Eeilbronn,  p.  18.  —  36  M. 
Maulbronn. 

Maulbronn  (2  M.  from  the  station;  Post^  high  charges;  Brewery,  good 
beer,  also  beds;  post-omnibus  to  the  village  thrice  daily  in  25  min.)  pos- 
sesses a  Protestant  theological  seminary,  which  was  once  a  celebrated 
Cistercian  abbey ,  and  afterwards  the  seat  of  the  'monastery  school' 
founded  by  Duke  Christopher  in  1556.  The  "Abbey  Chvrch,  consecrated 
in  1187,  is  a  fine  Romanesque  basilica  with  aisles.  The  late -Gothic 
chapels  on  the  S.  side  were  subsequent  additions.  A  Romanesque  screen 
with  two  doors  separates  the  choir  of  the  monks  from  the  nave ;  in 
front  of  the  central  niche  are  a  richly-decorated  throne  and  an  altar 
with  a  colossal  crucifix  dating  from  1473.  The  choir,  adorned  with  two 
handsome  Gothic  windows,  contains  92  well-carved  stalls  in  the  late-Gothic 
style.  Each  of  the  transepts,  on  the  N.  and  S.  side  of  the  choir  respectively, 
contains  three  rectangular  chapels.  At  the  W.  end  of  the  church  is  a 
^Vestibule  ('Paradies')  with  elegant  late-Romanesque  arcade-windows  and 
fine  vaulting.  The  "Cloisters  on  the  N.  side  of  the  church  are  interesting. 
The  S.  passage,  in  the  transition  style  (1303),  is  the  richest;  the  others, 
in  the  Gothic  style,  are  simpler.  In  front  of  the  N.  wing  of  the  cloisters 
is  a  tastefully-constructed  well-house.  Beyond  it  is  the  summer-refectory 
('Rebenthar),  with  fine  vaulting.  Other  apartments  (chamber  of  flagellation, 
chapter-house,  audience  saloon,  residence  of  the  superior)  adjoin  the  E. 
side  of  the  cloisters.  On  the  W.  side  is  the  winter  or  lay-refectory,  divided 
into  two  parts  by  seven  double  columns.  The  entire  structure,  one  of  the 
best  preserved  of  the  older  monasteries  of  Germany,  has  been  restored 
under  the  superintendence  of  Landauer. —  A  pleasant  road,  partly  through 
wood,  leads  by  (3  M.;  diligence  twice  daily  in  ^/i  hr.)  the  small  town  of 
Knittlingen  (Kanne),  the  traditional  birthplace  of  Dr.  Faust,  to  Bretten  (see 
above). 

The  train  now  passes  through  a  tunnel  of  357  yds.,  under  the 
watershed  between  the  Neckar  and  the  Rhine.  40  M.  Miihlacker, 
junction  for  P/brz/ieim  (p.  17);  44  M.  Illingen;  47  M.  Vaihingen^ 
with  a  large  chateau,  now  an  asylum;  50  M.  Gross-Sachsenheim. 
On  the  left  rise  the  Stromberg  and  the  Heuchelberg,  two  low,  wooded 
chains  of  hills.  The  train  traverses  the  old  Kraichgau  and  Salz- 
gau,  a  fertile,  hilly  district,  and  crosses  the  deep  valley  of  the  Enz 
by  a  *Viaduct,  115  ft.  high,  and  357  yds.  long,  supported  by  21 
arches,  in  two  series,  one  above  the  other  (well  seen  from  the  Bie- 
tigheim  station).  At  (541/2  -^1.)  Bietigheim  the  line  to  Heilbronn 
and  Hall  diverges  to  the  N.  (see  R.  4).  Beyond  Bietigheim  the 
line  presents  few  attractions.  561/2  M.  Thamm.  Farther  on ,  to 
the  right,  near  (571/2  M.)  Asperg ,  rises  a  vine-clad  hill  (1165  ft.) 
crowned  by  the  small  fortress  of  Hohenasperg  (still  a  prison),  where 
Duke  Charles  confined  the  poet  Schubart  from  1777  to  1787  for 
having  composed  a  satirical  epigram  on  him ;  fine  *View  from  the 
view- tower  (10  pf.). 

60  M.  Ludwigsburg  (*Railway  Hotel,  opposite  the  station,  with 
a  concert-hall;  Kanne,  Sonne,  in  the  town),  a  town  with  17,673 
inhab. ,  the  military  depot  of  Wurtemberg,  contains  an  arsenal, 
cannon-foundry,  barracks,  military  schools,  &c.  It  was  founded  at 
the  beginning  of  last  century  by  Duke  Eberhard  Ludwig  (d.  1733; 
whose  statue  adorns  the  market-place),  as  a  rival  of  Stuttgart,  and 
was  extended  by  Duke  Charles,  who  resided  here  in  1764-85.  The 
streets  are  broad  and  regular.    The  Marble  Statue  of  Schiller  in  the 


16     Route  2.  TEINACH. 

"Wilhelms-Platz,  "by  Hofer,  was  erected  in  1882  ;  the  poet  lived  in 
1793-94  in  the  house  at  the  corner  of  the  Post-Str.  (now  a  wine- 
shop). Lud-wigshurg  was  the  birthplace  of  David  Strauss  (1808- 
74),  the  theologian,  Justinus  Kerner  (1786-1862)  and  Edw.  Morike 
(1804-75),  the  poets,  and  F.  T.   Fisc/ier  (1807-87),  the  philosopher. 

The  Palace  (uninhabited),  a  handsome  rococo  building,  contain- 
ing 460  rooms  and  a  gallery  of  the  portraits  of  sovereigns  of  Wurtem- 
berg,  was  erected  by  Duke  Eberhard  Ludwig  in  1710-20  and  is 
surrounded  by  extensive,  well-kept  grounds.  The  balcony  of  the 
Emichsburg,  an  artificial  ruin,  commands  a  fine  view.  A  sub- 
terranean vault  contains  a  representation  in  wax  of  Count  Emich, 
an  ancestor  of  the  royal  House  of  Wurtemberg,  carousing  with  a 
Capuchin.  In  the  cellar  is  a  Cask  with  a  capacity  of  20,000  gallons. 
—  At  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Schloss-Garten  is  the  Churchyard, 
containing  Dannecker's  monument  to  Count  Zeppelin  (d.  1801),  the 
minister  of  King  Frederick,  erected  by  order  of  the  latter.  —  The  N. 
prolongation  of  the  grounds  is  the  Favoriten-Park,  with  the  tasteful 
little  Favorite  Chateau^  containing  a  splendid  collection  of  antlers 
(tickets  of  admission  at  the  office  of  the  Royal  Chasse,  in  Stuttgart). 
An  avenue  of  poplars  leads  hence  to  (l^/o  ^l-)  Monrepos,  a  royal 
chateau  with  a  model  farm,  pretty  grounds,  and  a  lake.  We  may 
now  return  to  Ludwigsburg  via  Eglosheim  and  the  Villa  Marien- 
wahl,  the  summer-residence  of  King  William  II. 

Among  the  chief  boasts  of  Ludwigsburg  are  the  magnificent 
avenues  of  limes  aud  chestnuts  leading  from  the  palace  to  the 
Salonwald,  a  large  park  commanding  admirable  views.  Adjacent  is 
the  Karlshbhe,  a  refuge  and  school  for  children.  Near  the  begin- 
ning of  the  straight  road  to  (12  M.)  the  Solitude  (p.  14)  are  the 
Romerhiigel  and  the  Kaiserstein  (views). 

Ludwigsburg  is  contjected  by  a  branch  -  railway  with  (3  M.)  Beihingen 
(p.  25),  on  the  railway  from  Backnang  to  Bietigheim.  —  Marbach  (p.  25; 
railway  in  2o  min.,  carr.  via  Benningen  in  1  hr.)  and  Hohenasperg  (p.  15; 
railway  in  6  min.)  are  best  visited  from  Ludwigsburg, 

63  M.  Kornwestheim.  —  64^2  M.  Zuffenhausen. 

To  Calw  and  Hoeb,  5BV2  M.,  railway  in  3'/v4  hrs.  —  2  M.  Korn- 
thal  {-  Gemeinde-Gasihof,  wine  of  Jerusalem)  ig  the  seat  of  a  sect  resem- 
bling the  Moravians,  with  several  good  schools.  — 41/2  M.  Ditzingen.  —  9  M. 
Leonberg  (Lamm  or  Post;  Lowe),  the  birthplace  of  the  philosopher  Schel- 
ling  (p.  152),  possesses  an  early-Gothic  church  of  the  15th  cent.,  and  is 
noted  for  a  fine  breed  of  large  dogs  resembling  the  now  extinct  St.  Bernard 
race.  —  Then  past  (I2V2  M.)  Renningenio  (16  M.)  Weilderstadt  (Krone;  Lowe), 
with  the  late-Gothic  Church  of  St.  Peter  &  St.  Paul  (end  of  15th  cent.), 
the  birthplace  of  the  astronomer  Kepler  (d.  1630),  a  bronze  'Statue  of 
whom,  bv  Kreling,  adorns  the  market-place.  —  I81/2  M.  Schafhausen ;  24  M, 
Althengsiett.  —  At  (30  M.)  Calw  (1095  ft.;  Waldhorn;  Badischei'  Eof),  a  town 
with  471j0  inhab.  and  a  considerable  timber-trade ,  the  line  enters  the 
picturesque  Nagold-Thal.  —  Railway  to  Pforzheim  in  1/2-^/ 4  br.,  see  p,  IT. 

The  line  then  leads  through  the  Nagold-Thal  (several  tunnels),  past 
Kentheim,  to  (32  M.)  Teinach,  at  the  union  of  the  Teinach  and  Nagold. 
About  IV2  M.  up  the  valley  of  the  Teinach  (omnibus  in  25  min.)  are  the 
charmingly-situated  baths  of  Teinach  ('Bad-Hotel  zur  Krone,  with  rooms 
for  300  visitors,  D.2Jf80,  S.ijf  20,  B.  70  pf.,  pension  50-80  Jf  per  week  •, 
Hirsch;  Zum  Kuhlen  Brunnen).    On  the  hill  above  is  Zavelstein  (-Lamm), 


PFORZHEIM.  3.  Route.    17 

a  summer-resort,  •with  a  ruined  castle,  the  tower  of  which  is  a  fine  point 
of  view. 

34  M.  Thalmiihle  (-Inn)  \,  in  the  woods  near  it  is  Burg  Waldeck.  36V2  M, 
Wildberg  (Adler;  Schwan),  a  small  and  ancient  town,  is  prettily  situated 
on  a  rock  washed  by  the  Xagold.  42  M.  Nagold  (1295  ft.;  Post ;  Hirsch),  a  busy 
place,  commanded  by  the  ruined  castle  of  Hohennagold,  which  was  destroyed 
during  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  Handsome  modern  Gothic  church.  —  The 
train  quits  the  Nagold-Thal,  which  here  turns  to  the  W.,  ascends  the 
Sleinach-Thal  to  Giindringen^  and  passes  through  the  Hochdorfer  Tunnel, 
1360  yds.  long,  to  (481/2  M.)  Hochdorf  (1650  ft.;  'Inn,  plain),  the  culminating 
point  of  the  line  ,  with  a  fine  view  of  the  distant  chain  of  the  Swabian 
Jura.  —  Beyond  (51  M.)  Eutingen,  the  junction  for  the  Gaubahn  and  the 
line  to  Hausach  (p.  89),  the  train  descends  the  narrow  valley  of  Jliihlen 
to  the  Neckar-Thal  and  (56'/2  M.)  Horb  (p.  39). 

66  M.  Feuerbach,  beyond  which  the  train  passes  through  a  tun- 
nel of  1000  yds.  under  the  Prag. 

69  M.  Stuttgart,  see  p.  1. 

From  Carlsruhe  to  Stuttgart  by  Pforzheim,  see  below. 

3.  From  Stuttgart  to  Wildbad. 

52  M.  Railway  via  Pforzheim  in  3-4  hrs. ;  fares  6  .Y/  80,  4  U5?  50, 
2  cY/  85  pf.  (via  Calw  in  41/2  hrs.,  see  above). 

From  Stuttgart  to  [29  M.)A/M/iiacA;er,  seeR.  2.  Beyond(31 1/2  M.) 
Enzherg  the  line  enters  the  Duchy  of  Baden,  and  crosses  the  Enz. 
33  M.  Niefern ;  35  M.  Eutingen,  near  which  is  a  Roman  castrura. 

371/2  M.  Pforzheim  (810  ft. ;  *H6tel  Nusser  or  Post ;  Schwarzer 
Adler;  Victoria,  Zur  Eisenbahn,  both  at  the  station ;  wine  at  the 
Rappen,  Karl-Friedrich-Str. ;  Hydropalhic,  pens.  3-6  J/),  a  busy, 
manufacturing  town  (30,000  inhab.),  lies  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Enz,  the  Wilrm,  and  the  Nagold.  The  staple  commodities,  gold  and 
silver  wares,  employ  10,000  workmen. 

Near  the  station  is  the  Romanesque  and  Gothic  *Schlosskirche, 
erected  in  the  12-1 5th.  centuries. 

In  the  choir  are  the  statues  of  the  Margraves  Ernest  (d.  1604),  James 
(d.  1590),  and  Charles  II.  (d.  15T7).  Charles  II.  was  the  first  prince  of 
this  line  who  embraced  the  Reformed  faith.  Then  the  statue  of  his  wife 
Kunigunde,  Margravine  of  Brandenburg  (d.  1558)  ;  Countess  Palatine  Anna 
(d.  1587);  Albert  Alcibiades  of  Brandenburg-Bayreuth,  celebrated  for  his 
numerous  campaigns,  who  died  here  (in  1557)  under  the  imperial  ban; 
also  Margr.  Bernhard  (d.  1553).  On  a  large  sarcophagus  are  the  recumbent 
figures  of  Margr.  Ernest  (d.  1558)  and  his  wife  Ursula  (d.  1538).  Beneath 
a  Gothic  covering  is  the  bust  of  the  Grand-Duke  Charles  Frederick  (d.  1811). 
A  monument  on  the  wall  commemorates  the  supposed  death  of  400  citizens 
of  Pforzheim  in  the  battle  of  Wimpffen  (1622),  but  this  event  lacks  historical 
evidence. 

In  the  market-place  rises  a  Warriors'  Monument.  In  the  Leopold- 
Platz  is  a  fountain  with  a  Statue  of  Margrave  Ernest  (d.  1558), 
founder  of  the  extinct  Baden-Durlach-Ernestine  family. 

About  6  M.  to  the  S.E.  of  Pforzheim  ,  in  the  pleasant  WUrmihal,  lies 
Tiefenbronn  (LSwe),  with  an  intere'^ting  Abbei/  C/nirch.  This  contains  a 
fine  high-altar  by  Hans  Schiihlein  of  Ulm  (1409),  and  ftmr  other  well-pre- 
served altars  of  the  15-lGth  cent.,  the  best  of  which  is  the  Magdalen  Altar, 
with  paintings  by  Lucas  Moser  (1432). 

From  Pforzheim  to  Calw,  17  M.  (railway  in  '/z-'A  hr.).  The  train  di- 
verges to   the  left  from  the  Wildbad   line  at  Brotzingen  (p.  18),   crosses 

Baedexek's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  2 


18     EouteS.  WILDBAD. 

the  EnZy  penetrates  the  watershed  between  the  Enz  and  the  Nagold  by 
means  of  a  tunnel,  490  yds.  long,  and  enters  the  beautiful  wooded  Nagold- 
Thal.  Beyond  another  tunnel  is  (3'/2  M.)  Weissenstein  (*Sonne),  with  a 
picturesque  ruined  castle.  Then  the  Zelgenherg  Tunnel^  560  yds.  in  length. 
At  (7  M.)  Unier - Reichefibach  we  cross  the  Nagold.  —  12  M.  Liehenzell 
(Unteres  Bad;  Oberes  Bad;  ''Ochs),  a  watering-place  with  warm  springs  of 
old  repute,  pleasantly  situated,  and  overlooked  by  a  ruined  castle.  —  1472  M. 
Hirsau  {Rossle  Schwan,  Kloster  Hirsau  etc.),  with  a  celebrated  ruined  mon- 
astery (Benedictine,  founded  in  830,  destroyed  by  Melac  in  1692).  —  17  M. 
Calw.  —  From  Calw  to  Stuttgart^  see  p.  16;  to  Eorh,  see  p.  16. 

Feom  Pforzheim  to  Duklach  (Carlsr-uhe),  16  M.,  railway  in  1  hr.  The 
line  skirts  the  K.  slopes  of  the  Black  Forest  Mts.  and  traverses  the  fertile 
valley  of  the  Pfim,  Stations  Ispringen^  Ersingen^  Konigshuch^  Wil/erdingen 
(Krone),  Sollingen,  Berghausen,  Grolzingen  (junction  for  Bretten  and  Heil' 
bronn^  p.  20).  At  Durlach  (Carlsbtd-g),  a  town  of  7474  inhab.,  the  train 
reaches  the  Baden  main  line;  see  Baedeker''s  Rhine. 

The  railway  to  Wildbad  continues  to  follow  the  picturesque  green 
valley  of  the  Enz.    39  M.  Brbtzingen;  40'/2M.  Birkenfeld. 

437-2  M.  Neuenburg  (Post ;  Bar)  is  a  picturesquely  situated 
town,  overlooked  by  the  Schloss,  erected  on  a  wooded  eminence 
above  the  Enz  by  Duke  Christopher  in  1658  on  the  site  of  an  older 
building  (now  government  offices).  Adjacent  is  the  so-called  Frucht- 
speicher,  the  ruins  of  a  castle  on  Roman  foundations. 

The  train  crosses  the  Enz,  passes  through  a  tunnel  under  the 
Schlossberg,  and  recrosses  the  river.  46  M.  Eothenbach;  48  M.  Ho  fen 
(*Ochse),  a  favourite  summer-resort,  with  pretty  villas;  49 M.  Calm- 
bach  (Sonne,  poor),  a  thriving  place,  with  a  neat  modern  church, 
and  also  a  summer-resort. 

52  M.  Wildbad.  —  Hotels.  *E.otal  Bad-Hotel,  R.  from  21/2,  D. 
3  Ji;  *Klumpp,  or  Bar,  R.  from  3,  B.  11/4,  D.  at  1  p.m.  31/2,  at  5  p.m. 
41/2  Jf;  *Bellevue,  R.  from  3,  B.  11/4,  D.  31,2  Jf;  *Post,  R.  2-5,  B.  1,  D. 
21 '2,  pens.  6'/2-10  Jl;  Hotel  Garni  Keim;  Hotel  de  Rdssie,  R.  from  2, 
D.  2V2  Ji^,-  "Goldnes  Lamm,  Curplatz,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  2-2V2.  D.  2,  B.  3/4  ^^f, 
good  cuisine;  Ross,  Lowe,  Sonne,  Stern,  Weil,  Zur  Eisenbahn  (the  last 
two  by  the  station),  etc.  Also  numerous  Hdlels  Garnis  and  lodging-houses, 
the  best  being  those  above  the  Anlagen.  —  Restaurants  of  Fvnk  and 
Schmidt ,  moderate;  Funk":  Brewery.  —  Cab  (one  horse)  1  Jl  per  1/4  hr.  — 
Visitors'"  Tax  for  four  days  or  more,  12  Jl.  —  English  Church  (Holy 
Trinity);  service  in  summer. 

Wildbad  (1426  ft.),  a  celebrated  watering-place  (3500  inhab.), 
situated  in  the  narrow,  pine-clad  ravine  of  the  Enz.,  possesses  warm 
alkaline  springs,  used  as  a  cure  for  gout  and  rheumatism.  The 
greater  part  of  the  town  lies  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Enz ,  while 
the  station  is  at  the  lower  end  of  it  on  the  left  bank.  In  the  Cur- 
platz^ at  the  end  of  the  Haupt-Strasse,  are  the  handsome  Curhaus 
or  Bad-Hotel,  with  reading  and  ball  rooms  and  a  cafe  (music  in  the 
morning  and  afternoon) ,  and  the  large  Badgebdude  ,  with  its  ad- 
mirably equipped  baths.  The  Springs  (90-100*'  Fahr.)  rise  in  the 
baths  themselves ,  and  their  efficacy  (for  gout,  rheumatism,  etc.) 
is  chiefly  ascribed  to  their  being  thus  used  in  a  fresh  and  natural 
condition  at  the  fountain-head.  Most  of  the  patients  (about  6500 
annually)  prefer  the  system  of  bathing  in  common ,  as  at  Leuk  in 
>Switzerland.    There  are  three  weU-arranged  public  baths  for  each 


LAUFFEN.  4.  Roulc.      19 

sex  (1  .M\  as  well  as  a  number  of  private  baths  (2  jjf).  The  sump- 
tuous Karlsbad,  -with  paintings  by  Kolb,  was  opened  in  1892.  Be- 
tween the  Enz  and  the  Bellevue  Hotel  stands  the  TrinkhaUe,  a 
tasteful  iron  structure  in  the  Renaissance  style,  with  a  band-pavilion 
in  the  centre.  Higher  up  in  the  grounds  is  the  Theatre.  The 
Katharinenstift ,  a  hath  for  the  poor,  is  a  building  in  the  round- 
arch  style.  In  the  lower  part  of  the  town  is  Uerrenhilf,  a  sana- 
torium for  children.  There  are  pleasant  walks  and  grounds  on  both 
sides  of  the  village,  on  the  banks  of  the  Enz  :  on  the  S.  (upper)  side 
past  the  new  Roman  Catholic  church  as  far  as  the  (1  M.)  Wind- 
hof,  a  cafe ;  on  the  N.  (lower)  side  to  the  (1  M.)  garden  ^Zum  kiihlen 
Brunnen',  a  favourite  resort. 

Excursions.  To  the  Water/alls  in  a  side-valley  of  the  Enz,  81/2  M. 
—  A  road  ascends  the  Enzthal  to  (772  M.)  EnzkWsterle  (Waldhorn)  and 
(3  M.)  Gompelseheuer  (Lamm);  thence  to  Freudenstadt  (p.  39),  IG'/z  M.  — 
By  the  small  Wildsee,  which  tradition  has  peopled  with  water-sprites,  to 
ihe  Kaltenbru7in  shooiing-lodge  Clnn),  i6'/2M.;  thence  to  the  Hohloh-Thurm 
(3625  ft.),  a  fine  point  of  view,  1/4  tr.  —  To  (41/2  M.)  Eyachmiihl,  (2'/4  M.) 
Dobel,  and  (3  M.)  Herrenalb  (Hydropathic  Establishment  and  sevei*al  ho- 
tels), frequented  as  a  summer-resort;  see  Baedeker's  Rhine. 

The  following  is  a  very  interesting  excursion  for  a  whole  day  (one- 
horse  carr.  9,  two-horse  14-15  Jf),  and  is  also  recommended  to  pedestrians. 
Via  Calmbach  (see  p.  18)  to  (2  M.)  Reichenbach  (Lowe).  Thence,  leaving 
the  main  road,  by  a  by-road  to  the  right  to  (6  M.)  Rothenbach  (view  of 
Hohenzollern  from  the  height  as  the  village  is  approached;  carriages 
should  be  sent  on  from  this  point  to  Teinach)  and  (2  M.)  Zavelstein 
(Lamm),  with  a  picturesque  ruined  castle.  Descent  to  (IV2  M.)  Teinach 
(p.  16);  thence  down  to  the  (1  M.)  Nagold-Thal,  and  by  Kentheim  to  (3  M.) 
Calw  (p.  16;  also  railway  from  this  point);  then  (4V2M.)  ffirsau,  and  (3^4  51.) 
Liebenzell  (p.  18).     Back  to  Wildbad  by  Schbmberg  and  Calmbach. 

4.  From  Stuttgart  to  Hanau. 

118  M.  Railway  in  5-8V4  hrs.  (fares  15  .//  50,  11  Jl  30,  6  Jl  60  pf.;  ex- 
press  17  ^  70,  12  Jl  50  pf ).  This  line  forms  the  shortest  route  from 
Stuttgart  to  Berlin  (16  hrs.;  comp.  R.  16). 

From  Stuttgart  to  (14  M.)  Bietigheim,  see  R.  2.  The  line  follows 
the  Enz  for  a  short  way,  and  crosses  it  just  before  its  influx  into 
the  Neckar,  near  (18  M.)  Besighebn  (*Waldhorn;  Bahnhof;  Krone), 
an  antiquated  little  town,  probably  of  Roman  origin,  very  pictur- 
esquely situated  on  a  rock  between  the  Enz  and  the  Neckar,  with 
two  handsome  towers  of  mediaeval  castles.  On  the  Michaelsberg 
(1280  ft.),  6  M.  to  the  N.W.,  is  a  very  ancient  chapel,  said  to  have 
been  once  a  Roman  temple  of  Luna.  The  line  now  follows  the 
Neckar,  passes  through  a  tunnel  (700  yds.)  beyond  (22  M.)  Kirch- 
heim  (to  the  right  of  which  is  Liebenstein ,  with  an  interesting 
church  and  a  Renaissance  chateau),  and  returns  to  the  river  at  — 

25  M.  Lauffen  (564  ft.),  the  old  castle  and  church  of  which  stand 
picturesquely  on  two  rocks,  separated  by  the  river.  Beyond  (28^/2  M.) 
Nordheim,  on  a  height  to  the  left,  is  the  Heuchelberger  Warte 
(1036  ft.).  Above  Heilbronn  rise  the  vine-clad  Wartberg,  on  the  N., 
and  the  Avooded  Schweinsberg  (p.  21),  on  the  S.E. 

2* 


20     Route  4.  HEILBRONN.  From  Stuttgart 

33  M.  Heilbronn  (comp.  Plan,  p.  13).  —  Hotels.  "^Eisenbahn- 
HoTEL  (PI.  a;  B,  3),  with  salt-baths  and  good  restaurant,  on  the  Neckar, 
opposite  the  post-office,  R.  <i:  B.  272-3  Jl;  *Bahnhof-H6tel,  opposite  the 
railway-station,  R.  &  B.  2V2.  D.  2Jl;  BadischerHof,  Kronpkinz  (moderate), 
also  at  the  station;  Falke  (Pl.b;  C,  3),  in  the  Market;  Krone,  Lohthor-Str. 
(PI.  C,  3),  R.,  L.,  &  A.  11/2-2  Ji,  B.  60  pf.,  D.  IV2-2  JL 

CafS:s-Restaurants.  Faesi  zuv  Bamnonie,  intheAllee;  Deuttches  Havs 
(see  p.  21);  'Hdgele  zum  Kdthchen,  Kirchhrunnen-Str. ;  Weyhing  zui'  Sonne, 
Siilmer-Str. ;  FranVsche  Brauerei^  Fleimer-Str. — Wine  Rooms.  ^Zehender, 
Kram-Str. ;  Albrecht.  in  the  Allee. 

Heilbronn  (518  ft.),  formerly  a  free  city  of  tlie  Empire,  now  an 
important  industrial  town  with  29,940  inhab.,  is  charmingly  situated 
on  both  banks  of  the  Neckar.  The  Allee^  a  pleasant  avenue  on  the 
site  of  the  old  fortifications,  encircles  the  old  town,  beyond  which 
suburbs  are  springing  up  in  every  direction. 

On  our  left,,  as  we  leave  the  station,  is  the  Custom  House,  with 
the  Wilhelms-Canal ;  farther  on  are  the  Winterhafen  and  Holzhafen. 
From  the  Bahnhof-Str.  we  enter  the  town  by  a  broad  iron  bridge. 
On  the  right  bank,  to  our  right,  is  the  handsome  new  Post  Office 
(PI.  B,  3).  In  the  next  side-street  to  the  right  is  the  Historical 
Museum  (PL  5;  B,  3),  comprising  prehistoric  and  other  antiqui- 
ties from  the  environs  of  Heilbronn. 

Going  straight  on,  we  come  to  the  Market-Place.  On  the  left 
rises  the  late-Gothic  Rathhaus  (PI.  13;  B,  C,  3),  with  its  lofty 
flight  of  steps,  containing  a  curious  clock  constructed  by  Habrecht 
in  1580.  In  the  council-chamber  Gotz  von  Berlichingen,  immor- 
talised by  Goethe,  is  said  to  have  effectually  cured  'headache,  tooth- 
ache, and  every  other  human  malady',  with  blows  from  his  'iron 
hand'.  Letters  from  him,  from  Franz  von  Sickingen,  the  Reformer, 
from  Schiller,  who  solicits  the  protection  of  the  town  in  1793,  and 
others  are  shown  in  the  Archives.  The  old-fashioned  house  at  the 
S.W.  corner  of  the  Market  (PI.  6;  B,  3)  is  pointed  out  as  that  in 
which  'Kathchen  of  Heilbronn'  was  born;  but  her  history  is  purely 
traditionary. 

The  *Church  of  St.  Kilian  (PI.  9;  C,  3),  originally  an  early- 
Gothic  edifice  founded  in  1013 ,  of  which  the  nave,  with  pointed 
axcades,  is  the  only  remnant,  was  rebuilt  in  the  late-Gothic  style  in 
the  15th  cent.,  and  the  tower,  217  ft.  in  height,  was  completed  in 
1529  in  the  Renaissance  style.  The  whole  building  has  just  been 
thoroughly  restored.  The  choir  (1480),  with  richly  articulated  pillars 
and  network-vaulting,  contains  an  *Altar  in  carved  wood,  by  Til- 
mann  Riemenschneider  (1498),  and  a  fine  ciborium.  —  The  ad- 
joining Clara- Strasse  contains  handsome  new  buildings. 

We  descend  the  Kirchbrunnen-Str.  to  the  right,  and  enter  the 
Deutschhof-Str.  to  the  left,  with  the  Deutsches  Haus  (PL  2;  B,  4), 
originally  an  imperial  palace,  afterwards  occupied  by  the  Teutonic 
Order,  and  now  by  the  courts  of  law.  The  Treaty  of  Heilbronn  was 
concluded  here  in  1633.  The  oldest  part  of  the  building  is  the 
lowest  story,  in  the  Romanesque  style,  of  the  tower  of  the  adjacent 


to  Hanau.  HEILBRONN.  4.  Route.     21 

Roman  Catholic  church.  The  court  on  the  N.  side  is  picturesque. 
Opposite  is  the  old  Schonthakr  Hof  (now  Restaurant  zum  Deut- 
schen  Hause,  see  p.  20),  where,  as  a  quaint  inscription  on  the  gate- 
way (right  side]  records,  Charles  V.  once  spent  four  weeks  and  was 
cured  of  an  illness  by  the  Heilbronn  waters. 

Nearly  opposite  the  Deutsches  Haus  is  the  Allerheiligen-Str. , 
leading  to  the  square  red  Diebsthurm  or  Gotzens  Thurm  (PI.  3  ; 
B,  4),  in  which  Goethe,  contrary  to  the  fact,  represents  Gotz  von 
Berlichingen  as  having  died  (whereas  he  was  only  imprisoned  here 
for  one  night  in  1519;  comp.  pp.  20,  22).  To  the  E.  of  the  tower 
we  ascend  the  Rosenberger-Str.  to  the  Allee  (p.  20),  in  which,  on 
the  right,  rises  the  Synagogue  (PI.  14 ;  C,  4),  in  the  Moorish-By- 
zantine style.  Farther  on  is  the  Harmonie-Gebdude  (PI.  C,  D,  3), 
containing  the  exhibition  of  the  Kunstverein.  Near  it  are  the  large 
Prison  (PI.  D,  5)  and  the  New  Gymnasium  (PI.  D,  5). 

From  the  N.  end  of  the  Allee  the  Thurm-Str.  leads  W.  to  the 
Siilmer-Str.  Here,  on  the  left,  rises  the  simple  Gothic  Church  of  St. 
Nicholas  (PI.  10),  where  the  first  Protestant  divine  service  was  held 
in  1525.  The  Schiller-Haus  opposite  was  occupied  by  the  poet  in 
1793-94.  Farther  on,  in  the  Hafenmarkt,  are  remains  of  the  Fran- 
ciscan Church  (PI.  7),  destroyed  by  the  French  in  1688.  The  tower 
and  the  cloisters  of  the  old  monastery  (now  a  school)  are  well  pre- 
served. 

The  pretty  Cemetery  contains  several  interesting  tombstones. 
The  Water  Works,  with  steam-pump  and  reservoir,  at  the  base  of 
the  Wartberg,  should  be  seen  by  engineers. 

On  the  Wartberg  (1010  ft.,  or  492  ft.  above  the  Neckar ;  an  ascent 
of  3/4  hr.)  are  an  old  watch-tower  and  an  inn.  Charming  view  of  the 
Neckar-Thal.  Another  fine  point  is  the  (1  hr.)  Ja^er/iaws  (*Tavern). 
From  the  Jagerhaus  we  may  walk  past  the  KopferqueUe  and  through 
wood  to  the  tower  on  the  Schxoeinsberg  (1205  ft. ;  l^/^^J".  to  the  S.E. 
of  Heilbronn),  which  affords  a  fine  *Panorama,  embracing  the  Alb 
chain  to  the  S.,  the  Black  Forest  and  Vosges  to  the  S.W.,  the  Haardt 
Mts.  and  Donnersberg  to  theW.,  theOdenwald  and  Spessart  to  the 
N.,  and  the  Lowensteln  Mts.  to  the  E.  The  Cdcilien-Wiese  (II/2M.) 
presents  a  lively  and  picturesque  scene  at  the  vintage  season.  An- 
other favourite  point  is  the  Trappensee  (*Restaurant),  1^2^.  to  the 
E.  of  the  town. 

From  Heilbronn  to  Breiten  and  Carlsruhe,  see  p.  18;  to  Schicdbisch- 
Ilall,  see  p.  23. 

The  train  now  crosses  the  Wilhelms-Canal  and  the  Neckar.  To 
the  right  is  the  line  to  Weinsberg  (R.  5);  on  the  hill  are  the  tower 
and  inn  on  the  Wartberg  (see  above).  Near  (37  M.)  Neckarsulm, 
a  pleasant  little  town  with  an  old  (chateau  of  the  Teutonic  Order, 
the  train  returns  to  the  Neckar^  and  beyond  (39  M.)  Kochendorf 
(village  and  chateau  ^/^  M.  to  the  E.)  it  crosses  the  Kocher.  — 
40  M.   Jagstfeld  (*Brduninger's   Bad-Hotel,  with  terrace  on  the 


22     Route  4.  EBERBACH. 

Neckar),  a  saline  l)ath  at  the  moutli  of  the  Jagst,  with  a  sanatory 
institute  for  children  (Bethesda).  Near  the  station  are  the  salt- 
springs  of  Friedrichshall. 

Fkom  Jagstfeld  to  Osteebueken,  24  M.,  railway  in  ^/t-U/^  hi.  The 
line  runs  via  Neudenau  and  Miickmiihl.  —  24  M.  Osierburken,  on  the  Heidel- 
berg and  Wiirzburg  railway,  see  p.  71. 

Fbom  Jagstfeld  lo  Heidelbeeg,  35  M.  (railway  in  2hrs.).  The  train 
crosses  the  Neckar.  2  M.  Wimpfen,  Wimp/en  ''im  ThaV  and  above  it 
'  Wimpfen  am  Berg\  both  'enclaves'  of  Hessen,  with  the  salt-works  and 
saline  baths  oi  Ludwigshall  (^Bad-H6tel  RHter ;  Mathildenhad ;  Sonne;  wine 
at  Phil.  Schmidt's) .  The  fine  Gothic  abbey-church  in  the  valley  was  erected 
in  12(32-78.  Wimpfen  am  Berg,  with  its  picturesque  old  houses,  towers, 
and  walls,  affords  fine  views  of  the  valley  of  the  Neckar,  with  the  Wart- 
berg  to  the  S.E.  The  remains  of  the  Hohenstaufen  residence  and  chapel 
(now  a  stable)  are  interesting.  The  parish-church  has  a  Gothic  choir  of 
the  13th  cent. ;  the  Dominican  church  was  rebuilt  at  the  beginning  of  the 
18th  cent,  in  the  Baroque  style. 

The  line  now  traverses  "a  hilly  and  partly  wooded  district.  51/2  M. 
Rappenau  (*Gasthof  zur  Saline)  also  has  salt-springs.  Several  unimportant 
stations.  Then  (14  M.)  Sinzheim,  where  Turenne  defeated  the  Imperial  army 
in  1674.  The  line  traverses  the  Elsenz-Thal.  At  (22V2  M.)  Meckesheim  (Zur 
Eisenhahn;  Rail.  Restaurant),  on  the  Elsenz,  it  joins  the  railway  to  Neckar- 
elz  (p.  71).  241/2  M.  Mauer;  26  M.  Bammenthal ;  281  2  M.  Neckargemund,  the 
junction  of  the  Wiirzburg  line  (R.  15);  thence  to  (35  M.)  Heidelberg,  see  p.  72. 

The  train  crosses  the  Jagst  and  at  (42 V2  M.)  Offenau,  with 
the  salt -springs  of  Clemenshall,  enters  the  charming  vine -clad 
Neckar-Thal,  with  its  numerous  castles.  The  village  and  chateau  of 
Heinsheim  and  the  ruined  castle  of  Ehrenberg  are  passed  on  the 
left  bank.  —  45  M.  Gundelsheim  (Prinz  Karl),  a  small  town  with 
walls,  towers,  and  a  picturesque  chateau  on  an  ivy-clad  rock.  Op- 
posite, on  a  hill  on  the  left  bank,  is  the  ruin  of  Guttenberg.  The 
train  then  passes  through  the  MicheUberg  by  a  tunnel  950  yds.  long 
to  (46 V2  ^^0  Hassmersheim  (Anker).  To  the  right,  above  (471/2  M.) 
Neekarzimmern,  rises  the  picturesque  castle  of  Hornberg,  where 
Gotz  von  Berlichingen  died  in  1562  (comp.  p.  21).  — Then  through 
the  charming  valley  to  (left)  Hochhausen,  where  we  cross  the  Elz  to 
(50 V2  M.)  Neckarelz  (436  ft.;  Rail.  Restaurant;  Kling ;  Hirsch),  the 
junction  of  the  Wiirzburg  -  Heidelberg  and  Meckesheim  railways 
(p.  71). 

The  train  follows  the  right  bank  of  the  pretty,  wooded  Neckar- 
Thal.  Beyond  (52^2  M.)  Binau  a  tunnel  850  yds.  long  penetrates 
the  Rothenberg.  —  55V2  Neckargerach  (Krone),  with  large  quarries; 
on  the  hill  is  the  ruined  Minneburg,  destroyed  in  the  Thirty  Years' 
War.  571/2  ^1-  Zwingenberg  (Schiff),  with  a  picturesque  castle,  now 
restored,  property  of  the  Grand-Duke  of  Baden. 

64  M.  Eberbach  (440  ft. ;  *Lelnmger  Hof;  *Krone'),  an  old  town 
with  a  brisk  trade  in  timber  (4940  inhab.).  The  Katzenbuckel 
(2053  ft.),  the  highest  of  the  Odenwald  Mts.,  commanding  an  ex- 
tensive view,  may  be  ascended  hence  in  2  hrs.  —  To  Heidelberg 
through  the  Neckar-Thal,  see  p.  71. 

Our  train  quits  the  Neckar-Thal  and  turns  to  the  right  into  the 
grassy  and  wooded  valley  of  the  Itterbach,  which  it  crosses  several 


WEINSBERG.  5.  Route.    23 

times.  Beyond  (671/2  M.)  Oaimuhle  a  lofty  viaduct.  —  lU/^U. 
Kailbach;  75 M.  SchoUenhach.  The  train  penetrates  the  Krdhenberg 
by  a  tunnel  nearly  2  M.  long,  descends  the  Mumling-Thal  to  (78  M.) 
Hetzbach-Beerfeiden,  and  crosses  the  Himbdrhel  Viaduct^  145  ft. 
high.  —  83  M.  Erhach  (*Zum  Odenwald;  Adler)^  a  town  with 
2800ifihab.,  is  the  principal  place  on  the  estates  of  Count  Erbach. 
The  Schloss  contains  several  interesting  *Collections  (armour,  fire- 
arms, antiquities).  In  the  chapel  is  shown  the  stone  sarcophagus 
of  Eginhard  and  his  wife  Emma  (early-Gothic,  and  therefore  not 
genuine),  brought  from  the  church  of  8eligenstadt  (see  below) 
in  1810. 

841/2  M.  Michelstadt  (*Ldwe;  Schu-an-  Dr.  Scharfenberg's  Hy- 
dropathic), a  prettily-situated  little  town,  with  a  late-Gothic  church 
(15th  cent.)  and  a  quaint  Rathhaus.  Opposite,  to  the  left,  is  Stein- 
bach,  with  Eginhard's  basilica,  one  of  the  most  important  relics  of 
the  Carlovingian  epoch  and  earlier  than  the  church  at  Seligenstadt 
(see  below).  — We  pass  Schloss  Fiirstenau  (left)  and  the  stations  of 
Zell,  Konig,  MiXmling-  Orumbarh.,  and  Hbchst-Neustadt.  Tunnel.  — 
97  M.  Wiebel'^barh-Heubarh ,  junction  of  the  Darmstadt  line  (see 
Bnedtker's  Rhine).  —  99  M.  Gross- Cmsfadt  (*Lamm) ;  IOOV2  M. 
Klein- IJmstadt;  iQilsl.  Lungstadt;  1051/2  M.  Babenhausen ,  the 
junction  for  Darmstadt  and  Aschaffenburg  (see  p.  61). 

112  M.  Seligenstndt,  with  3700  inhab.,  is  famous  for  the  abbey 
founded  here  about  827  by  Eginhard  (or  Einhard),  the  biographer 
of  Charlemagne.  —  II4V2M.  Hainstadt ;  II61/2M.  Klein-Auheim. — 
The  train  then  crosses  the  Main  and  reaches  (118M.)^anaM(p.  59). 

5,  From  Heilbronn  to  Schwabisch-Hall  f Nuremberg ). 

34  M.  Railway  in  1-2  hrs.  (fares  4  Ji  40,  2  J(  QO,  IJf  QO  pf. ;  express 
b  Jl,  S  Jf  0  pf.)-,  express  to  Nuremberg  by  this  route  in  41/4  brs.  (14  Jf  50, 
Q  Jf  GO,  6  Jf  20  pf.).  This  is  the  shortest  route  between  Nuremberg  and 
Carlsruhe  (via  Bretten,  p.  14). 

Heilbronn,  see  p.  20.  The  train  crosses  the  Wilhelms-Canal  and 
the  Neckar.  To  the  left  diverges  the  line  to  Eberbach  and  Hanau 
(R.  4).    Tunnel  (1111  yds.). 

4:^/2^.  Weinsberg  (600ft. ;  *Traube),  an  ancient  and  historically 
memorable  town.  The  ruined  castle  of  Weibertreu  ('women's  faith- 
fulness'), on  the  height,  was  the  scene  of  the  events  on  which 
Chamisso  founded  one  of  his  ballads.  Justinus  Kerner,  the  poet 
(d.  1862),  occupied  a  house  at  the  foot  of  the  hill.  Near  it  is  a 
monument  to  him.  The  handsome  Romanesque  Church ,  a  basilica 
with  pointed  arcades,  contains  a  small  picture  of  1659  ,  represent- 
ing the  women  quitting  the  castle.  During  the  War  of  the  Peasants 
in  1525  the  most  savage  atrocities  were  committed  here. 

We  next  traverse  the  fertile  and  populous  Weinsberger-Thal. 
On  a  hill  to  the  right,  near  (8  M.)  Willsbach,  is  the  smalltown 
of  Lowenstein  (1260  ft.),   commanded  by  the  ruined  castle  of  the 


24     Route  5.  HALL. 

Lowenstein-Wertlieini  family.  In  a  narrow  valley  at  the  N.W.  foot 
of  the  hill  lies  the  Thdusser  Bad,  with  springs  containing  Epsom 
salts  and  sulphate  of  lime;  at  the  E.  base  is  Lichtenstern,  a  Prot- 
estant reformatory  for  children,  formerly  a  nunnery.  Beyond  (10  M.) 
Eschenau  the  train  descends  into  the  valley  of  the  Brettach,  which 
it  crosses  near  (13  M.)  Breizfeld. 

I6V2  M.  Oehringen  (748  ft. ;  Wurttemberger  Hof;  pop.  3700) 
is  a  pleasant  town  on  the  Ohrn,  with  a  chateau  of  Prince  Hohenlohe- 
Oehringen,  below  which  are  vast  cellars.  The  Gothic  Stiftskirche, 
containing  monuments  of  the  Hohenlohe  family  and  good  stained 
glass,  is  interesting.  — 21  M.  Neuenstein ;  241/0  M.  Waldenburg, 
both  with  chateaux  of  the  Hohenlohe  family.  Beyond  (27  M.) 
Kupfer  the  train  reaches  the  highest  point  (1243  ft.)  of  the  line, 
and  then  descends  rapidly  to  (30  M.)  Gailenkirchen  and  the  valley 
of  the  Kocher,  passing  through  two  tunnels. 

34  M.  Hall,  or  Schwabisch-Hall  (880  ft.;  *Lamm;  *Adler),  on 
the  Kocher  (pop.  9100),  once  a  city  of  the  empire,  has  a  picturesque 
appearance  from  the  station.  The  Gothic  Church  of  St.  Michael 
(1427-1525)  contains  as  an  altar-piece  an  Entombment,  ascribed 
to  Lohkorn  (about  1480).  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Kocher  is  the 
Church  of  St.  Catharine  (14th  cent.),  containing  a  fine  high-altar. 
Large  salt-works  with  saline  baths. 

The  salt-water  is  conveyed  in  pipes  from  the  *Wilhelmsgluck  mine 
(7  M.),  which  is  more  interesting  than  those  in  the  Salzkammergut. 
Descent  by  a  flig;ht  of  steps  (680),  or  by  a  slide.  The  long  galleries  and 
spacious  halls,  glittering  with  crystals  of  salt,  are  imposing.  Pure  rock- 
salt  is  excavated  here.  Where  the  salt  is  less  pure,  it  is  obtained  by 
filling  portions  of  the  mine  with  water,  which  in  a  few  weeks  becomes 
saturated  with  salt,  and  is  then  drawn  off  and  evaporated. 

The  interesting  church  (12th  cent.)  of  the  old  Benedictine  abbey  of 
Komburg,  at  Steinbach  (Traube),  IV2  M.  to  the  S.  of  Hall,  now  a  home 
for  invalid  soldiers,  possesses  an  embossed  altar-covering  (antependium) 
in  gilded  copper,  of  1130,  and  a  huge  candelabrum  of  the  same  period. 
Immediately  below  it  is  Klein- Eorriburg.,  with  the  eariy-Romanesque  church 
of  St.  iEgidius.  In  the  choir  are  frescoes  of  the  12th  cent.,  discovered  in 
1877,  now  restored.  Komburg  and  Steinbach  are  IY4  M.  from  Hessenthal 
(see  below). 

Beyond  Hall  the  train  passes  through  two  tunnels  and  goes  on 
to  (38  M.)  Hessenthal,  junction  of  the  following  line  (p.  25). 

6.  From  Stuttgart  to  Nuremberg  via  Backnang. 

120  M.  Railway  in  4-73/4  hrs.  (fares  15  Jl  40,  10  Jl  20,  6  Jl  60  pf.; 
express  17  Ji  60,  12  J(  40,  8  Jl  80  pf.).  This  railway  forms  the  shortest 
line  of  communication  between  Stuttgart  and  J^uremberg  (comp.  RR.  5,  7). 

To  (8  M.)  Waiblingen,  see  p.  27.  The  Murethal  Railway 
here  diverges  to  the  left  from  the  Remsthal  Line  (R.  7),  and  crosses 
the  deep  Remsthal  by  a  viaduct  and  an  iron  bridge.  IOI/2M.  Neu- 
stadt,  with  the  favourite  watering-place  of  Neustddtle.  Tunnel  of 
390  yds.  12  M.  Schwaikheim ;  14  M.  Winnenden,  a  busy  little 
town,  with  the  chateau  of  Winnenthal,  now  a  lunatic  asylum  of 
high  repute.    In  the  background,  to  the  right,  rise  the  spurs  of  the 


MURRHARDT.  6.  Route.     25 

Welzheimer  Wald  (Wartturm  of  Biirg,  Buocher  Hohe).  Pleasant 
walk  via  Buoch  (p.  27)  to  the  Remsthal.  —  16  M.  NeUmersbach; 
17  M.  Maubach.    We  now  enter  the  Murrthal  and  reach  — 

19  M.  Ba.ckna.ng  ( Post),  a  manufacturing  town  (6763  inhab.) 
with  extensive  tanneries.  Interesting  Gothic-Romanesque  church 
of  a  canonry  founded  here  about  1116.  To  the  right,  in  the  back- 
ground, is  the  Murrhardter  Wald  (with  Schloss  EbersbergJ ;  to  the 
left  are  the  Lowenstein  Mts.  —  The  small  watering-place  of  Rietenau 
(Curhaus)  lies  31/2  M.  to  the  N.  of  Backnang. 

Fkom  Backnang  TO  BiETiGHEiM,  16  M,  (railway  in  3/4-1V4  tr.").  The  line 
follows  the  Murrthal,  passing  Burgstall  and  Kirchberg,  to  (8'/2  M.)  Marbach 
(Post),  a  small  town  on  a  height  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Neckar,  the 
birthplace  of  Schiller  (h.  10th  Nov.,  1759;  d.  9th  May,  1805).  The  house  in 
which  he  was  born,  purchased  by  subscription  in  1859.  and  restored  to  its 
original  condition,  contains  reminiscences  of  the  illustrious  poet.  Close  to 
the  town  is  the  Schillerhuhe,  a  park  with  a  beautiful  view,  containing  a  co- 
lossal bronze  ^Statue  of  Schiller,  by  Eau,  erected  in  1876.  —  The  line  crosses 
the  Neckar  by  a  viaduct  100  ft.  high  (fine  view).  —  12V2  M.  Beihingen 
(junction  for  Ludwigshurg,  p.  16).     Then  (16  M.)  Bietigheim'(p.  15). 

The  train  crosses  the  Weissach  and  descends  into  the  peaceful 
wooded  Murrthal.  22  M.  Steinbach ;  23  M.  Oppenweiler,  with  the 
chateau  of  Hr.  von  Sturmfeder,  and  the  hoary  iJeicftenSergf.  25Y2  M^' 
Sulzbach,  where  the  mediaeval  Schloss  Lautereck  is  now  a  tannery. 
The  train  crosses  the  Murr. 

29  m.  Murrhardt  (930  ft.;  Sonne  or  Post;  *Stern),  an  ancient 
little  town  (4200  inhab.),  once  a  Benedictine  abbey.  The  Walderichs- 
kirche,  on  the  hill,  perhaps  occupies  the  site  of  a  Roman  fort.  The 
Stadtkirche,  formerly  the  abbey-church,  will  repay  a  visit.  The 
*Walderichs-Kapelle,  adjoining  the  N.  tower  of  the  Stadtkirche,  is  in 
the  late-Romanesque  style.  The  Roman  castrum  lay  to  the  S.E.  of 
the  town.  The  Roman  'limes'  (p.  27)  from  Welzheim  to  Mainhardt, 
crossing  the  Murrthal,  passes  about  3/^  M.  to  the  E.  of  Murrhardt. 

32  M.  Fornsbach. 

A  pleasant  excursion  (road)  may  be  made  to  the  S.  to  the  (6  M.) 
Ebnisee  (1555  ft.),  a  pretty  forest-lake.  About  1  31.  to  the  S.E.,  by  the 
Roman  'limes'  (p.  27),  is   Gausmannsiceiler  (Inn  Zum  Ebnisee). 

The  train  passes  through  the  'Schanze',  or  E.  wall  of  the  Murr- 
thal, by  a  tunnel  578  yds.  long ,  and  reaches  the  Roththal  near 
(35  M.)  Fichtenberg.  Another  tunnel,  590  yds.  long,  leads  to  the 
Kocher-Thal  and  (38 V2  M.)  Gaildorf.  The  Kocher  is  crossed  by  a 
lofty  bridge.  40  M.  Ottendorf ;  431/2  M.  Wilhelmsgluck,  station  for 
the  salt-mines  of  that  name  (p.  24).  Then  (451/2  M.)  Hessenthal, 
junction  of  the  line  to  Halt  (p.  24).  The  station  lies  at  the  foot  of 
the  Einkorn  (1555  ft. ;  view),  a  favourite  resort  from  Hall  (31/0  J^-)> 
with  a  ruined  church  and  pleasure-grounds. 

Next  stations  Sulzdorf,  where  the  Biihlerbach  is  crossed,  Gross- 
alidorf,  Eckartshausen,  and  Maulach,  with  a  chalybeate  spring. 

From  Maulach  an  excursion  may  be  made  to  (2V4  M.)  Btirgberg  (1755'), 
a  gamekeeper's  house  (rfmts.)  on  a  hill-top  enclosed  by  an  ancient  earthen 
rampart;  extensive  view. 

62  M.  Crailsheim  (*Lamm;  Hotel  Faber;  Deutscher  Kaiser),  on 


26    Route  6.  HEILSBRONN. 

the  Jag^t,  a  town  of  5000  inhab.,  -with  a  handsome  Rathhans  and 
an  old  chateau  of  the  Hohenlohe  family  (now  public  offices).  The 
Gothic  Church  of  St.  John  (15th  cent.)  contains  a  winged  altar  with 
paintings  by  Wohlgemut,  and  a  ciborium  of  1498. 

From  Crailsheim  to  Mergentheim,  36'/2  M.  (railway  in  1V2-2  hrs.). 
Stations  Satteldorf^  Wallhausen,  Roth  am  See  (p.  130j,  Blavfelden,  Schrozberg 
(p.  130).  23\'2  M.  Niederstetten^  an  old  town  with  walls  and  gates,  the  resi- 
dence of  Prince  Hohenlohe-Jagstberg;  28  M.  Lmtdenbach ;  BO  M.  Weikers- 
heim  (*Hirsch,  Lamm),  on  the  Tanher,  with  the  interesting  chateau  of  Prince 
Hohenlohe- Langenburg.  (Thence  to  Creglingen  and  Rothenburg  ob  der 
TaubeVy  see  p.  130.)  Then  Markelsheim  (a  wine-growing  place),  Igersheim, 
and  Mergentheim  (p.  70). 

From  Crailsheim  to  Kordlingen,  40  M.  (railway  in  2-3  hrs.);  to 
TJlm,  68  M.  (by  Aalen  and  Heidenheim^  in  31/2-6  hrs.).  The  line  ascends  the 
Jagstthal  towards  the  S. ;  stations  Jagstheim,  Stimpfach,  and  Jag stzell, -where 
the  Jagst  is  crossed.  Then  (13  M.)  Ellwangen  (1410  ft. ;  Adler ;  Post),  an  old 
town  (pop.  4700)  with  a  castle  on  a  hill,  a  small  ecclesiastical  principality 
down  to  1803.  The  Stiftskirche,  founded  in  770,  rebuilt  in  1124,  in  the 
Komanesque  style,  with  a  crypt  under  the  choir,  is  in  admirable  preser- 
vation. The  interior  was  tastefully  embellished  with  stucco-ornamentation 
in  the  17th  century.  On  the  walls  are  two  epitaphs  in  bronze  by  Peter 
Vischer  of  Nuremberg.  On  the  Schdnenberg  (1710  ft.),  to  the  N.E.,  is  the 
handsome  Church  of  Loretfo,  a  resort  of  pilgrims.  —  l^Tear  Ellwangen  (3/4  M. 
to  the  S.W.)  are  the  favourite  mineral  baths  of  Schrezheim.  At  (I8V2  M.) 
Goldshofe  the  train  reaches  the  Remsthal  Railway  (p.  28). 

Beyond  (67  M.)  Ellrichshausen,  with  a  ruined  castle,  the  train 
crosses  the  Bavarian  frontier.  —  691/2  M.  Schnelldorf ;  721/2  M. 
Zumhaus ;  76  M.  Dombiihl  (Rail.  Restaurant ,  with  rooms)  ,  the 
junction  for  Dinkelsbiihl  and  Nordlingen  (p.  HI).  —  821/2  M. 
Buchelbtrg;  85  M.  Leutershausen.  —  9172  M.  Ansbach  (p.  130), 
the  junction  of  the  Frankfort  and  Munich  line  (R.  25). 

The  line  runs  for  a  short  distance  through  the  Rezat-Thal,  and 
then  turns  to  the  N.E.  by  stations  Sachsen  and  Wicklesgreuth  to 
(IOOV2  M  )  Heilsbronn  (1345  ft. ;  Post),  a  small  town,  with  remains 
of  a  famous  Cistercian  Abbey,  partly  in  good  preservation.  The 
church,  a  Romanesque  basilica  with  timber  roof,  begun  in  1150,  with 
a  Gothic  choir  (1263-80  and  later)  and  a  Gothic  aisle  (1430-35,  after- 
wards enlarged),  and  the  refectory  (now  a  Roman  Catholic  church), 
with  line  vaulting  and  Gothic  turrets ,  are  still  standing ;  but  the 
cloisters  and  other  parts  of  the  monastery  were  destroyed  in  1770. 

The  ahbey-church  was  the  burial-place  of  the  Franconian  line  of  the 
Hohenzollerns  from  1297  to  1625  and  contains  the  ashes  of  the  first  three 
Brandenburg  Electors  of  that  house,  Frederick  I.,  Frederick  II.,  and  Albert 
Achilles.  Among  the  finest  monuments  are  those  of  the  Electress  Anna  of 
Brandenburg  (d.  1512)  ;  of  Margrave  George  Frederick  of  Ansbach  (d.  1603), 
with  eight  statuettes  of  Counts  of  Zollern;  and  of  the  Margrave  Joachim 
Ernest  (d.  1625).  Observe  also  three  winged  altar-pieces  with  carvings  and 
paintings  by  Grunewald  (altar  of  St.  Ursula)  and  of  Wohlgemut's  school 
(about  1500),  and  a  late-Gothic  ciborium  (1515).  Both  the  church  and  its 
works  of  art  have  suffered  from  the  restoration  in  1856-60.  The  spring 
which  gave  the  abbey  its  name  rises  within  the  church. 

1051/2  M.  Raitersaich;  109  M.  Rossstall,  with  an  old  church; 
114  M.  Stein,  with  Faber's  celebrated  lead-pencil  factory  (shown 
by  special  permission  only).  The  train  then  crosses  the  Rednitz, 
and  reaches  Schweinau  and  (120  M.)  Nuremberg  (p.  95). 


27 

7.    From  Stuttgart  to  Nordlingen  and  Nuremberg. 

Railway  (Remsfhal  Line)  to  (71  M.)  Nordlingen  in  2^/4-5  hr3.  (fares 
9  Jif  40,  6  Jl  30,  4  Jl  10  pf. ;  express  10  M  80,  7  M  70  pf );  thence  to 
(62  M.)  Nuremberg  (Bavarian  Railway)  in  21/4-4  hrs.  (fares  ^  Jl^  b  J(  30, 
3Jl  40  pf. ;  express  9  Ji  20,  6  Jl  5t)  pf.).  Express  from  Stuttgart  to  Nurem- 
berg via  Nordlingen  in  5 '/a  hrs.  (via  Crailsheim  in  4  hrs.;  comp.  R.  6). 

The  Remsthal  Railway  diverges  to  the  left  from  the  Stuttgart 
and  Ulm  line  beyond  (2^/2  M.)  Cannstatt  (p.  13),  and  -winds  up  the 
hill  which  separates  the  valleys  of  the  Neckar  and  the  Rems.  From 
the  top  a  fine  view  of  Stuttgart,  the  Neckar-Thal,  and  the  Rothen- 
berg  (p.  29).  —  6  M.  Fellbach  (Traube).  The  line  now  descends  to  — 

8  M.  Waiblingen  (Post;  Lowe) ^  a  town  of  great  antiquity 
(4786  inhab.),  whence  the  imperial  Salic  line  and  the  succeeding 
House  of  Hohenstaufen  derived  their  name  of  Waiblinger,  corrupted 
by  the  Italians  into  Ghibellini,  once  so  celebrated  as  the  name  of  a 
faction.  The  late-Gothic  Aussere  Kirche,  outside  the  town,  erected 
1459-88,  restored  1866,  has  a  line  tower.  (To  Murrhardt,  see  R.  6.) 

The  populous,  fertile,  and  picturesque  Remsthal,  enclosed  by 
the  Schurwald  on  the  right  and  the  spurs  of  the  Welzheimer  Wald 
on  the  left,  begins  here.  Beyond  (11  M.)  Endersbach  is  a  handsome 
viaduct.  To  the  right,  in  a  lateral  valley,  are  Beutelsbach  (Lowe) 
and  Schnaith^  wine-growing  places,  the  former  with  a  very  ancient 
abbey-church.  To  the  left  lies  Gross-Heppach  (Lamm).  On  the 
height  to  the  left  of  (14  M.)  Grunbach  isthe  village  olBuoch,  afford- 
ing a  fine  view  of  the  Swabian  Alb  (see  p.  25) ;  to  the  right  is  the 
Schonbuhl,  with  a  reformatory  for  boys.    17  M.   Winterbach. 

I8I/2M.  Schorndorf(' ^ront^;,  an  old  town  once  fortified  (4500  in- 
hab.), has  an  interesting  Gothic  church,  with  very  fine  portal  and 
choir  of  1477.  —  Near  (21  M.)  Urbach  the  train  crosses  the  Rems. 
221/2  M.  Pliiderhausen  (Stern).  Above  (241/2  M.)  Waldhausen,  to 
the  N.,  is  the  Eltsabethenburg^  where  Emp.  Frederick  Barbarossa  is 
said  to  have  been  born  (p.  42).  The  vine-culture  ceases.  —  To  the 
N.E.  of  (27  M.)  Lorch  (*Harmonia;  Sonne;  Krone)  rises  the  Bene- 
dictine monastery  of  that  name,  founded  by  the  Hohenstaufen  in 
1102,  partly  destroyed  in  the  War  of  the  Peasants,  and  recently 
restored.  It  contains  several  tombs  and  monuments  of  the  Hohen- 
staufen, but  none  of  the  more  distinguished  members  of  the  family. 
In  the  centre  of  the  nave  is  a  late-Gothic  cenotaph,  erected  in  1475 
to  Duke  Frederick  of  Swabia  (d.  1105),  the  founder  of  the  mon- 
astery.   The  unimportant  mural  paintings  are  of  the  15th  century. 

Lorch  was  the  site  of  a  Roman  castrum,  and  there  was,  perhaps, 
another  on  the  monastery-hill.  Here  begins  the  Rhine  Limes  (boundary)  of 
the  Romans,  which  took  the  Hohenstaufen  as  its  objective  point;  while  at 
Pfahlbronn^  3  M.  to  the  N.,  is  the  end  of  the  Damibe  Limes^  stretching  to- 
wards the  E.  (comp.  p.  127).  —  From  Lorch  a  mad  lea'ls  to  the  S.  to  (3  M.) 
Wdschenheuern  (Hirsch)  and  (IVz^f.)  Hohenstaufen  (p.  42). 

The  Watcher  Schlossle,  3/*  M.  to  the  N.E.  of  Wiischenbeuern,  was  the 
seat   of  Frederick  of  Buren  (11th  cent.),   progenitor  of  the  Hohenstaufen, 

We  obtain  a  glimpse  of  the  Hohenstaufen  to  the  right  as  the 
train  emerges  from  a  short  cutting  just  beyond  Lorch,  and  after- 


28     Route  7,  AALEN. 

wards  a  glimpse  of  the  double-peaked  Rechberg  (p.  42).  In  the  valley 
lies  Schierenhof^  a  Roman  castrum. 

3172  M.  Gmund,  or  Schwabisch-Gmund  (*Rad;  Drei  Mohren), 
formerly  a  free  city  of  the  Empire  (pop.  16,804),  possesses  three 
very  old  churches,  many  manufactories  of  jewellery,  and  a  large 
industrial  museum.  The  Arlers  or  Parlers  were  once  celebrated 
architects  here.  The  Gothic  Kreuzkirche  was  erected  by  Heinrich 
Arlerin  1351-77  (completed  in  1410;  towers  1492);  the  sculptures 
of  the  portal  date  from  1380,  and  the  carved  altar  from  the  15th 
century.  The  Romanesque  Church  of  St.  John  contains  an  old  picture 
in  which  the  castle  of  Hohenstaufen  is  represented.  Outside  the 
town  is  the  pilgrimage  -  church  of  St.  Salvator,  with  two  chapels 
hewn  in  the  rock.    The  monastery  of  Gottes-Zell  is  now  a  prison. 

Omnibus  from  Gmiindi  to  Siissen  Cp-  31)  twice  .daily  in  3  hrs.  (fare 
1  jSf  40  pf.).    Ascent  of  the  Rechberg,  see  p.  42. 

38  M.  TJnter-Bbhingen,  with  a  Roman  castrum  ;  401/2  M.  Mogg- 
lingen.  From  either  of  these  stations  an  excursion  may  be  made 
via  Heubach  to  the  (4^2  M.)  Rosenstein  (2398  ft.),  with  some 
interesting  ruins  and  a  superb  view  of  the  Alb.  —  At  (431/2  M-) 
Essingen  we  cross  the  watershed  (1719  ft.)  between  the  Rems  and 
Kocher,  and  descend  into  the  Kocher-Thal. 

47  M.  Aalen  (Krone),  once  a  free  imperial  town  (pop.  7150), 
was  the  birthplace  of  the  poet  C.  B.  F.  Schubart  (d.  1791)  and 
contains  a  monument  to  him.  The  Cemetery  Church  is  adjoined 
by  a  Roman  camp. 

From  Aalen  to  Ulm,  45  M.  (railway  in  2  hrs.).  21/2  M.  Unterkochen ; 
5  M.  Oberkochen  (IV2  M.  above  which  is  the  picturesque  source  of  the 
Kocher);  9  M.  Konigsbronn,  with  large  iron-works,  at  the  point  where  the 
Brenz  takes  its  rise  in  the  picturesque  Brenztopf  or  Konigsbrunnen.  Then 
through  the  smiling  Brenzihal.  12  M.  Schnaitheim.  —  14  M.  Heidenheim 
("Ochs),  a  thriving  industrial  town  with  8000  inhab. ,  commanded  by  the 
picturesque  half-ruined  Schloss  Hellenstein  (view-tower).  A  road  leads  to  the 
W.  via  Steinheim  into  the  (6  M.)  picturesque  Wendthal  (p.  32).  —  151/2  M. 
Mergelstetten ;  iV/2  M.  Herbrechtingen  (road  to  Hiirben,  see  below,  21/2  M.); 
21  M.  Giengen  (Post),  once  an  imperial  town,  with  mineral  baths.  —  From 
(24  M.)  Hermaringen  a  visit  may  be  paid  to  the  recently  discovered  *Char- 
lotten-Hohle  near  Hurhen,  8  M.  to  the  W.  The  road  leads  via  Burgberg, 
with  the  picturesquely  situated  chateau  of  Count  Carl  von  Linden,  and 
the  ruin  of  Kaltenburg.  The  cave  (715  yds.  long)  lies  in  the  Hiirbethal,  a 
characteristic  Jura  valley,  1/2  M.  to  the  S.  of  the  village  of  Hiirben.  It 
consists  of  several  chambers  of  different  sizes  and  is  specially  interesting 
on  account  of  the  beautiful  stalactites  pendant  from  the  roof  (electric  lights ; 
admission-fees  various).  Near  the  mouth  of  the  cave  is  a  restaurant.  — 
The  train  follows  the  Brenzthal  to  (26  M.)  Sontheim,  and  then  turns  to  the 
S.W.  to  Nieder-Stotzingen.  Stations  Rammingen;  Langenau,  a  thriving  little 
town  with  3650  inhab. ;  Unter-Elchingen,  the  scene  of  the  battle  (14th  Oct., 
1805)  from  which  Ney  acquired  his  ducal  title-,  and  Thalfingen.  The  train 
then  crosses  the  Danube  to  (45  M.)  Ulm  (p.  32). 

At  (431/2  M.)  Wasseralfingen  (*Zum  Schlegel ,  opposite  the 
foundry)  are  extensive  iron-works,  with  an  interesting  little  rack- 
and-pinion  railway  ascending  to  the  shaft  on  the  hillside.  Above 
rises  the  Braunenberg  (view).  The  train  quits  the  Kocher-Thal  and 
ascends  rapidly  to  (51^2  M.)  Goldshofe  (junction  for  the  EUwangen 


ESSLINGEN.  8.  Route.    29 

and  Crailsheim  line,  p.  26),  where  it  turns  to  the  E.  On  a  hill  to 
the  right,  between  (54  M.)  Westhausen  and  (57  M.)  Lauchheim,  is 
Schloss  Kapfenburg .  Beyond  Lauchheim  the  line  is  carried  through 
the  watershed  (1905  ft.)  between  the  Rhine  and  the  Danube  by  means 
of  deep  cuttings  and  a  tunnel  (710  yds.),  and  enters  the  narrow  and 
picturesque  Eger-Thal.  About  41/2  M.  to  the  N.  lies  the  chateau 
of  Hohen-B alder n  (2060  ft.),  belonging  to  the  Prince  of  Oettingen- 
Wallerstein  ,  with  a  new  and  lofty  tower.  Above  Bopfingen  the 
Flochberg,  with  a  ruined  castle,  is  seen  on  the  right ;  to  the  left  is 
the  bare  cone  of  the  Ipf  (2237  ft. ;  view),  on  which  prehistoric  stone 
implements  have  been  found. 

64  M.  Bopfingen  (1535  ft. ;  Konig  von  Wiirttemberg'),  once  an  im- 
perial town.  The  Gothic  Church  of  St.  BLasius  contains  a  winged  altar- 
piece  by  F.  Herlen  (1477)  and  a  ciborium  by  H.  Boblinger  (1510). 

The  line  quits  theE.  part  of  the  Alb  district  and  enters  the  Ries 
(p.  112).    76  M.  Trochtelfingen ;  68  M.  Pflaumloch. 

71  M.  Nordlingen,  p.  Ill,    Thence  to  Nuremberg,   see  R.  22. 

8.  From  Stuttgart  to  Friedrichshafen. 

Comp.  Map,  p.  42. 

123  M.  Railway  to  Ulm  in  2V4-33/4  hrs.  (fares  7  J'/  60,  5  Jl,  3  Jl  20  pf. ; 
express  8  J{  20,  5  Jl  80  pf.);  to  Friedrichshafen  in  4Vi-T  hrs.  (fares  ib  Jt 
80,  iOJl  50,  QJl  80pf.5  express  18  Jl,  12  J/  60  pf.). 

To  (21/2  M.)  Cannstatt,  see  p.  13.  Looking  back,  we  obtain  a 
fine  view  of  the  Royal  Villa,  the  Rosenstein,  and  the  Wilhelma  with 
its  gilded  dome.  The  train  ascends  on  the  bank  of  the  Neckar,  tra- 
versing one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile  districts  in  Swabia. 

5  M.  Vnter-Turkheim  (Krone),  a  village  with  3200  inhab.,  lies  at 
the  foot  of  the  Rothenberg  (1350  ft.;  *  Hotel-Restaurant  Luz\  where 
King  William  (d.  1864)  erected  a  Greek  chapel,  on  the  site  of  the 
old  ancestral  castle  of  the  princes  of  Wurtemberg ,  as  a  mausoleum 
for  his  consort  Queen  Catharine  (d.  1819),  a  Russian  princess,  and 
himself.  In  the  interior  the  four  Evangelists  by  Dannecker.  Service 
of  the  Greek  church  on  Sundays. 

Instead  of  the  steep,  stony,  and  shadeless  ascent  from  Unter-Tiirkheini, 
we  may  choose  the  plea«anter  hut  rather  longer  route  from  Ober-TUrkheim 
(see  below),  either  by  Uhlbach  or  direct.  A  still  more  extensive  prospect  is 
obtained  from  the  Katharinen-Linde,  to  the  S.E.,  1/2  ^-  higher.  Charming 
walk  hence  to  (3  M.)  Esslingen  (see  below). 

Barely  1/2  M.  to  the  S.W.  of  Unter-Tiirkheim,  and  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Neckar,  lies  Wangen  (Krone),  a  favourite  point  for  excursions  from 
Stuttgart.  A  path  leads  from  Stuttgart  through  the  woods  and  over  the 
hill  direct  to  Wangen  in  l'/2  hr.5  beautiful  views  of  the  city  in  ascending, 
and  of  the  Neckar-Thal  in  descending. 

6  M.  06er- Twrfc/ieim  (*Ochse),  another  favourite  resort. 

9  M.  Esslingen  (757  ft. ;  *H6tel  Pfdhler  zur  Krone,  R.  11/2-2,  B. 
3/4,  D.  2  J/;  Laich  zur  Post,  R.  1-1 V2,  D.  1-1 1/9  J^;  KugeVs  Beer 
Saloon),  prettily  situated  on  the  Neckar,  with  22,156  inhab.,  once  a 
free  imperial  city  and  still  partly  surrounded  by  walls,  which  were 
built  by  Emperor  Frederick  XL  in  1216.    Sparkling  Neckar-wine  is 


30    Route  8.  GOPPINGEN.  From  Stuttgart 

largely  manufactured  here.  The  engineering  works  founded  here  by 
Kessler  are  the  largest  in  Wurtemberg.  Other  branches  of  industry 
also  flourish. 

In  the  market-place  is  the  church  of  St.  Dionysius,  a  basilica 
in  the  transition  style,  founded  in  the  11th  cent.,  and  partly 
altered  in  the  14th  and  15th,  which  possesses  a  fine  screen  and 
ciborium  of  1486.  St.  Paul's  Church,  also  in  the  market,  in  the 
early-Gothic  style  ,  completed  in  1268  ,  is  now  used  by  the  Roman 
Catholics.  Opposite  the  present  Rathhaus ,  which  was  once  the 
palace  of  Count  Alexander  of  Wurtemberg ,  the  poet,  is  the  Old 
Rathhaus,  erected  in  1430,  and  formerly  known  as  the  'Steinerne 
Haus'.  It  is  surmounted  by  the  imperial  eagle  under  a  gilded 
canopy,  and  another  eagle  forms  the  vane  on  the  turret.  —  Farther 
on  in  the  same  direction  is  the  Wolfsthor ,  on  which  are  still  seen 
the  lions  of  the  Hohenstaufen,  hewn  in  stone. 

The  conspicuous  late-Gothic  *Liebfrauenkirche,  erected  in  1406- 
1522,  was  restored  in  1862  and  again  quite  recently.  Admirable 
reliefs  on  the  three  portals,  especially  that  of  the  Last  Judgment  on 
the  S.  Portal.  The  interior,  with  its  slender  pillars,  contains  fine 
stained-glass  windows.  Adjoining  the  organ-loft  are  the  tombstones 
of  Hans  andMatthaeusBoblinger,  two  of  the  architects  of  the  church. 
Fine  perforated  tower,  247  ft.  in  height,  completed  in  1526 ;  beautiful 
view  from  the  top.  —  The  once  imperial  castle  of  Per  fried,  above 
the  town ,  commands  another  superb  view  (Restaurant).  —  The 
Maille,  an  island  in  the  Neckar  laid  out  as  a  promenade,  is  em- 
bellished with  bronze  busts  of  Karl  Pfaff,  the  historian,  and  Theodore 
Georgii,  the  gymnastic  teacher. 

Quitting  Esslingen,  the  train  recrosses  the  Neckar.  I21/2  M.  Alt- 
bach.  —  14  M.  Plochingen  (Waldhorn)  lies  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Fils  and  Neckar.  Upper  Neckar  Railway  to  Tubingen,  see  R.  9. 
On  the  hill  (1/2  hr.)  is  a  tower,  affording  an  extensive  panorama 
of  the  Alb. 

The  line  now  follows  the  Fils  (comp.  Map,  p.  42).  17  M. 
Reichenbach ;  20  M.  Ebersbach.  On  a  wooded  height  to  the  right, 
near  (23  M.)  JJhingen,  rises  the  chateau  of  Filseck;  on  the  river  lies 
Faurndau,  formerly  a  Benedictine  monastery,  with  an  old  Roman- 
esque church. 

26  m.  Goppingen  (1082  ft.;  ^Apostel;  *Sand'),  a  flourishing  town 
with  14,350  inhab.,  re-erected  after  a  fire  in  1782,  contains  several 
weaving  mills,  factories  of  metal-wares,  machine-shops,  and  tan- 
neries. Large  lunatic  asylum  of  Dr.  Landerer.  The  government- 
buildings  were  formerly  a  ducal  castle,  erected  by  Duke  Christopher 
in  1562  with  the  stones  of  the  castle  of  Hohenstaufen.  At  theS.W. 
corner  of  the  court  an  artistically-hewn  spiral  stone  staircase  ('Trau- 
benstieg',  vine-stair)  ascends  to  the  tower. 

Goppingen  is  a  favourite  centre  for  excursions  in  the  E.  Alb.  To  the 
N.  lies  Adehberg,  a  former  convent,  with  a  fine  view.  The  conical  Hohen- 
staufen  (p.  42),    the   loftiest    and   most   conspicuous   spur   of  the   Alb,    is 


to  Friedrichshafen.         GEISLINGEN.  8.  Route.     31 

ascended  in  20  min.  from  Staufen^  which  is  reached  from  Goppingen  (5  M.) 
by  carr.  and  pair  in  1  hr.  (1  M).  —  To  the  S.  we  may  proceed  via  f7  M.) 
the  sulphur-baths  of  Boll  to  the  (IV2  hr.)  Bosler  or  (IV2  br.)  Bertaburg- 
Kornberg  (2555  ft  J;  via  (H/z  hr.)  Eschenhach  to  the  (1  hr.)  Fuchstck  (1920  ft.); 
or  via  (IV2  hr.)  Schlath  to  the  top  of  the  (1  hr.)   Waxserbevg  (2428  ft.). 

2872  M.  EisUngen.  —  31  M.  Siissen  (pp.  28,  42),  opposite  which 
(to  the  N.)  rises  the  round  tower  of  the  ruined  Staufeneck.  In  the 
old  cemetery  of  Gross-Siissen  is  a  curious  Mont  de  Calvaire  hy 
Meister  Christof  of  Urach  (ca.  1520?). 

A  pleasant  excursion  may  be  made  to  the  E.,  via  (I  hr.)  Donzdorf, 
to  the  top  of  the  Messelttein  (2455  ft.;  extensive  view).  —  Proceeding  to  the 
S.  from  the  rail.  atat.  of  Siissen  through  the  village  to  (1  hr.)  the  farm  of 
Griinenhurg,  we  may  thence  ascend  the  (1  hr.)  £wrre«  ('Glufenkissen' ; 
2273  ft.),  walk  along  the  slope  (sign-posts)  to  the  (1/2  hr.)  Spitz enb erg,  af^cend 
to  the  interesting  plateau  of  the  Michelsberg  (2463  ft.),  and  traverse  the 
(3/4  br.)  village  of  Ober-Bohringen,  founded  in  1793,  to  the  (20  min.)  Hausener 
Felsen^  which  affords  a  fine  view  of  the  'Geissen-Thar.  The  return  may  be 
made  via  the  reservoir  (distant  view  of  the  Alps)  to  (1  hr.)  Ueberkingen  and 
(11/4  hr  )  Geislingen  (see  below). 

331/2  M.  Gingen.  To  the  right  appear  the  long  ranges  of  the 
Alb  ;  to  the  left,  on  an  eminence,  are  the  rugged  ruins  of  Scharfen- 
berg.   Farther  to  the  S.E.  is  the  Kuchalh  (see  below). 

From  Gingen  two  routes  lead  to  the  (I  hr.)  Kuchalb,  a  hamlet  with 
an  inn.  Thence  we  may  ascend  to  the  (10  min.)  Mairhalde  (view)  and 
to  the  (1/4  hr.)  "Hohenstein  (2303  ft.),  which  commands  a  splendid  view  to  the 
W.  and  of  the  valley.  We  descend  either  by  a  new  path  to  (V2  hr.) 
Kuchen  (hence  to  Geislingen  1  hr.)  or  to  (1/2  hr.)  Gingen,  or  via  the  Kuch- 
alb  to  (IV2  hr.)  Geislingen.  The  Kuchalb  may  also  be  reached  from  Gingen 
in  IV2  hr.  past  Scharfenberg  (see  above)  by  a  good  path  leading  partly 
through  wood. 

Near  Geislingen,  to  the  left,  opens  the  Eybach-Thal  with  the 
village  of  Eybach  and  a  chateau  of  Count  Degenfeld ;  to  the  right 
is  the  Upper  Filsthal. 

38m.  Geislingen (1522 ft.;  *Sonn€;Post,  nearest  the  rail,  station, 
with  a  good  restaurant),  a  bnsy  town  (5722  inhab.)  in  a  narrow 
ravine  at  the  base  of  the  Alb,  where  bone  and  ivory  are  carved  and 
turned.  There  are  also  factories  of  metal  goods  and  machines.  The 
late-Gothic  Marienkirche ,  founded  in  1424,  contains  choir-stalls 
carved  by  Jorg  Syrlin  the  Younger  (1512).  On  a  rock  above  the  town 
rises  the  Oede  Thurm.  Opposite,  beyond  the  Pavilion^  are  the  remains 
of  the  chateau  of  Helfenstein^  destroyed  in  1552. 

Geislingen  is  a  good  starting-point  for  the  central  part  of  the  Swabian 
Alb  (p.  42).  We  ascend  the  Filsthal  on  foot  or  by  diligence  (thrice  daily, 
in  23/4  hrs.)  to  (81/2  M.)  Bad  Ueberkingen,  (8V2  M.)  Deggingen,  and  (5  M.) 
Wiesensteiij  (Post).  About  V4  31.  beyond  Deggingen  we  pass  on  the  left 
the  chalybeate  baths  of  Ditzenbach.  From  Wiesensteig  we  ascend  on 
foot  to  the  (11/4  hr.)  " Reussensiein  (2500  ft.),  a  picturesque  ruined  castle  on  a 
precipitous  rock,  commanding  the  charming  Neidlinger-Thal.  We  then 
follow  the  top  of  the  hill  to  the  ('/a  hr.)  Heiinenstein,  a  dark,  rocky  cavity, 
a  few  paces  below  which  we  obtain  a  fine  view  of  the  Reussenstein  and 
the  valley.  Then  by  Randeck  (^4  M.  to  the  S.W.  the  Randecker  Maar, 
with  peat-diggings)  and  Ochsenicang  (Inn,  rustic)  to  the  (1  hr.)  'Breiten- 
slein  (26()Oft.),  a  lofty  spur  of  the  Alb  Mts,,  descending  precipitously  to  the 
plain.  Next  by  theRnnberhof  and  the  ruins  of  the  Rauberburg  (Diepolds- 
burg)  to  the  top  of  the  (I  hr.)  Teck,  whence  we  descend  to  Oicen  (p.  48). 
If  we  omit  the  Breitenstein,  we  may  proceed  from  the  Reussenstein  by 
Srhop/loch  to  (2V2  hrs.)  Gutenberg  (p.  43),  and  thence  in  2  hrs.  more  to  Owen. 


32     Route  8.  ULM.  From  Stuttgart 

Other  excursions  may  be  made  from  Geislingen  to  the  N.  via.  Eybach 
(p.  31)  and  through  the  romantic  Roggen-Thal  to  (3  hrs.)  Weissenstein ;  to 
the  (2V2  hrs.)  Messehtein  (p.  31)  ^  to  the  E.  via  Sohnstetien  to  the  Wendthal 
(to  Bibersohl,  31/2  hrs.). 

The  line  quits  the  Filsthal  and  ascends  the  Geislinger  Steige,  a 
wooded  limestone  hill,  rich  in  fossils,  to  the  table-land  of  the  Swa- 
bian  Alb  (R.  11),  the  watershed  between  the  Neckar  and  the  Da- 
nube. The  ascent  is  very  considerable  (350  ft.  in  3  M. ;  1  :  44); 
and  a  second  engine  is  added  to  the  train  at  Geislingen.  The  train 
crosses  the  EauheAlb,  as  this  lofty  plain  is  called  (stations  Amstetten, 
Lonsee,  Westerstetten.,  Beimerstetteri),  and  then  descends  to  the  valley 
of  the  Danube.  The  fortifications  of  Ulm  soon  become  visible.  The 
train  passes  close  to  the  (r.)  Wilhelmsburg^  the  lofty  citadel  of  Ulm, 
where  30,000  Austrians  under  General  Mack  surrendered  to  the 
French  after  the  battle  of  Elchingen  (p.  28). 

581/2  M.  Ulm.  —  Hotels  :  Eussischee  Hof  (PI.  a ;  A,  2),  at  the  station, 
R.  &  A.  21/2-3,  B.  1,  D,  21/2  J(!  Hotel  de  l'Edkope  (PI.  b;  A,  2),  to  the 
left  of  the  station,  R.  IVz  Jl ;  Bahnhof-Hotel,  R.  IV2  Jl.  In  the  town : 
*Kronpeinz  (PI.  c;  D,  3),  R.  from  IV2,  D.  21/4  Jl ;  *Bai:mstabk  (PI.  d^ 
B,  3),  R.,  L.,  <fe  A.  IV2-2V2,  B.  3/4,  D.  21/4  Jl;  *Goldeneb  Lowe  (PI.  e; 
B,  2),  moderate ;  Obeepollingeh,  Hirsch-Str. ;  *Goldeneb  Hiesch.  —  Beer 
at  the  Wiirttemherger  Hof,  Platzgasse^  at  the  Kronpvinz,  Ooldner  Hirsch, 
and  Bahnhof-Hotel  (see  above):  Rother  Ochse  (with  rooms);  Strauss,  Ober- 
pollinger,  Hirsch-Str. ;  Beer  Saloon  near  the  guard-house.  —  Wilhelmshohe 
Restaurant^  a  fine  point  of  view. 

Military  Bands  play  almost  every  day  in  summer  on  the  Wilhelmshohe 
and  other  public  gardens.  Organ  Concert  daily  in  summer,  11-12  (see  below). 

Vim  (1568  ft.),  with  36,200  inhab.,  formerly  an  important  free 
imperial  city,  as  its  appearance  still  indicates,  and  from  1842  to 
1866  a  fortress  of  the  Germanic  Confederation,  has  belonged  to 
Wurtemberg  since  1810.  It  lies  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube^ 
which  is  here  joined  by  the  Blau,  is  augmented  by  the  Iller  above 
the  town,  and  from  this  point  downwards  is  navigable.  The  Danube 
is  the  boundary  between  "Wurtemberg  and  Bavaria ,  to  which  Neu- 
TJlm  on  the  opposite  bank  belongs  (7800  inhab.  ;  garrison  5000). 

The  *MuNSTER  (Prot. ;  PI.  4),  founded  in  1377,  built  at  inter- 
vals down  to  the  beginning  of  the  16th  cent.,  and  restored  and  com- 
pleted in  1843-90 ,  is  the  largest  Gothic  church  in  Germany  next 
to  the  cathedral  of  Cologne.  The  massive  and  beautifully  decorated 
*Tower  in  the  centre  of  the  W.  facade ,  with  the  magnificent  triple 
vestibule,  was  designed  and  begun  by  Vlrich  Ensinger  (1392-95), 
the  third  of  the  cathedral  architects ,  erected  by  his  successors  as 
far  as  the  top  of  the  square  portion  by  the  end  of  the  15th  cent., 
and  completed  in  1877-90  by  Prof.  Aug.  Beyer  by  the  addition  of 
the  octagon  and  pyramid  from  a  sketch  left  by  Matthdus  Boblinger, 
the  last  of  the  original  architects.  Being  528  ft.  in  height,  it  is  one 
of  the  loftiest  stone  towers  in  the  world  (Cologne  512  ft.,  Strassburg 
466  ft.;  Washington  Monument  555  ft.;  Eiffel  Tower,  in  iron,  985  ft.). 

The  church  is  open  free,  daily  11-12,  on  Sun.  and  holidays  after  divine 
service,  incl.  ''Performance  on  the  organ  in  summer  (entrance  by  the  'Braut- 
thiir',   on   the  S.    side,   near   the    choir).     At   other   times  visitors   require 


to  Friedrichshafen.  ULM.  8.  Route.     33 

tickets  and  enter  through  the  dwelling  of  the  sacristan,  adjoining  the 
large  W.  entrance:  for  the  nave  and  aisles  20  pf. ;  choir,  chapels,  and 
sacristy,  with  guide,  1-4  pers.  1  J{ ;  extra  organ-performance  iO  Jf.  The 
main  tower  may  be  ascended  from  7  to  6  in  summer,  9-3  in  winter,  and 
8-5  in  spring  and  autumn  (ti)  the  top  of  the  square  portion  50  pf.,  to 
the  octagon  1  J/,  children  half-price). 

The  Interior  originally  consisted  of  a  nave  with  two  aisles,  all  of  equal 
breadth,  but  in  1507  the  latter  were  divided  by  slender  round  pillars  and 
covered  with  star-vaulting,  so  as  to  form  four  aisles.  Length  139  yds.,  width 
55  yds. ;  nave  141  ft, ,  aisles  72  ft.  in  height.  The  sculpturing  on  the 
portals  is  worthy  of  inspection.  On  the  principal  W.  portal  are  the 
Creation,  the  Fall,  Apostles,  etc.;  on  the  S.E.  side -portal  the  Last 
Judgment;  on  the  S.W.  side -portal  the  history  of  Mary.  The  magnifi- 
cent Ore/an,  the  largest  in  Germany,  built  in  1856  (100  stops),  has  lately 
been  restored.  By  the  second  pillar  of  the  nave  is  the  *' Pulpit,  executed 
by  Burkhard  Engelberger  about  1500,  the  "Cover  beautifully  carved  in 
wood  by  J.  Syrlin  in  1510.  Farther  on,  to  the  left  of  the  entrance  to  the 
choir,  is  the  *'Ciborium,  93  ft.  in  height,  beautifully  sculptured  in  stone  by 
the  'Master  of  "Weingarten"'  (1469).  Above  the  choir-arch  is  a  large  fresco 
of  the  Last  Judgment,  attributed  to  Herlin  (1470),  and  till  lately  concealed 
by  whitewash.  The  -Choir  Stctlls ,  by  Jorg  Syrlin  the  Elder,  1469-1474, 
whose  bust  adjoins  the  shrine  of  the  saint,  are  boldly  carved  in  oak.  The 
busts  on  the  K.  side  below  embody  paganism,  the  relief-busts  Judaism, 
above  which  is  Christianity  in  the  pointed  arches.  On  the  S.  side  are  Si- 
byls below,  women  of  the  Old  Testament  in  the  middle,  and  women  of 
the  New  Testament  above.  High-altar  by  M.  Schaffner  (1521).  Fine  old 
stained  glass  of  1480  in  the  choir.  The  S.  aisle  contains  the  octagonal 
Font,  with  busts  of  prophets ,  mottoes ,  and  armorial  bearings ,  by  Syrlin 
the  Elder  (1470).  On  the  walls  and  pillars  are  numerous  escutcheons  of 
Swabian  families.  The  octagonal  IToli/  Water  Basin  round  the  E.  pillar  is 
in  the  late-Gothic  style,  by  Burkhard  Engelberger  (1507).  The  S.  (Besse- 
rer's)  Chapel  contains  a  beautiful  portrait  of  Eitel  Besserer  by  Martin 
Schaffner  (1516).  The  Sacristv  contains  an  elegant  little  •= Altar  of  1484, 
attributed  to  M.  Schon.  In  a  side-chapel  is  preserved  an  old  design  for 
the  tower  on  parchment  (1377). 

In  the  market  rises  the  handsome  Rathhaus  (PL  11),  erected  at 
the  beginning  of  the  16th  cent,  in  the  transition  style  from  late- 
Gothic  to  Renaissance ,  with  remains  of  old  frescoes.  The  Fisch- 
kasten,  aline  fountain  at  the  S.E.  corner,  isbySyriin  the  Elder  (1482). 

A  little  to  the  W.  is  the  NeueBau  (PI.  8),  erected  in  1591  on  the 
site  of  an  ancient  imperial  palace,  now  containing  government-offices. 
The  quadrangle  contains  a  fountain  with  a  figure  of  St.  Elizabeth.  — 
An  old  patrician  dwelling  in  the  Taubengasse  contains  an  *7n- 
dustrial  Museum,  with  fine  wood  panelling,  ancient  sculptures  in 
stone  and  wood,  works  in  iron,  Ptenaissance  furniture,  early  Ger- 
man and  other  paintings,  etc.  —  The  Stone  Bridge  at  the  beginning 
of  the  Hirsch-Strasse  affords  a  picturesque  survey  of  the  Blau,  en- 
closed by  medicEval  timber-built  houses.  Charming  walk  on  the 
Danube  from  the  Wilhelmshohe  (p.  32)  onwards.  The  Friedrichsau, 
or  public  park,  also  repays  a  visit. 

From  Ulm  to  Kempten,  541/2  M.  (railway  in  3  hrs.).  Stations  Neu-Ulm^ 
Senden  (junction  for  Weissenhorn).  To  the  right,  on  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  Iller,  lies  9ber-Kirchberg,  with  a  chateau  of  Prince  Fugger.  The  line 
now  follows  the  Iller.  Stat.  Voehringen  ;  Bellenherg.  At  (15  M.)  Illertixsen 
(Hirsch)  is  a  well-preserved  castle,  said  to  be  of  Roman  origin.  Near 
stat.  AUenstadt  the  extensive  chateau  of  lUereichen.  Stations  Kellmiinz, 
FeUheim,  Heimertingen.  Then  (33  M.)  Memmingen  CBairischer  Hof;  "FaUe; 
Adler  and  Kreuz,  plain),  junction   of  the  line  to  Herbertingen  (p.  54),  an 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  3 


34    Rovte  8.  BIBERACH. 

old  town  with  9000  inhab.,  a  free  city  of  tlie  Empire  down  to  1802,  and 
still  partly  surrounded  by  walls.  Hops  are  largely  cultivated  here.  The 
principal  church  contains  67  *Choir-stall3,  carved  in  the  richest  late-Gothic 
style  (end  of  15th  cent.),  probably  by  Jorg  Syriin  the  Elder.  Among  the 
mediseval  houses  is  the  Fuggerhaus ,  in  which  Wallenstein  received  the 
news  of  his  dismissal  in  1629.  Amidst  beautiful  woods,  2  M.  from  Mem- 
mingen,  lies  Dikenreis.  (Branch -line  to  Buchloe,  p.  198.)  —  To  the  S.E. 
is  the  pilgrimage-shrine  of  Ottobeuren  (diligence  twice  daily  in  IV2  hr.), 
once  a  Benedictine  Abbey  ranking  as  a  principality,  founded  in  764.  The 
church,  restored  in  the  18th  cent.,  contains  fine  choir-stalls,  a  large  organ, 
and  a  rich  treasury.  —  Next  stations  Gronenbach,  Dietmannsried,  Heising, 
Kempten  (p.  199). 

From  Ulm  to  Aalen,  see  p.  28 ;  to  Sigmaringen  and  Rudolf zell^  see  R.  13. 

Our  line  at  first  ascends  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  and 
passes  the  influx  of  the  lller.  63  M.  Einsingen;  65  M.  Erbach, 
with  a  chateau  of  15aron  Ulm.  The  as  yet  insignificant  Danube  is 
now  crossed ,  and  a  flat  district  traversed.  Stations  Risstissen  (with 
chateau  and  park  of  Baron  Staufenberg),  Laupheim,  Schemmerberg, 
Langenschemmern^   Warthausen  [with  chateau  of  Herr  von  Konig). 

81 1/2 M.  BibQva.chfWurttemberg.  Hof,  at  the  station ;  Post;  Bad), 
with  8264  inhab.,  once  a  free  town  of  the  Empire,  is  still  partly 
surrounded  by  walls  and  tOAvers.  Wieland,  who  was  born  in  1733  in 
the  neighbouring  village  of  Ober-Holzheim,  held  a  civil  appointment 
here  in  1760-69,  and  is  said  to  have  collected  materials  for  his 
'Abderiten'  from  among  the  townspeople.  A  marble  bust  was 
erected  to  him  in  1881. 

About  2  31.  to  the  S  E.  of  Biberach  station  (diligence  and  omnibus 
several  times  daily)  is  the  frequented  hydropathic  of  Jordanbad  (pens. 
41/2-6  Jl),  pleasantly  situated  in  the  Bissthal,  on  the  margin  of  the  wood, 
with  a  chalybeate  spring  ('Kneipp  Cure"). 

The  country  becomes  more  attractive,  and  woods  begin  to  appear 
on  both  sides.  8-41/2  M.  Vmmendorf ;  86  M.  Schweinhausen  ;  89  M. 
Essendorf;  931/2  M.  Schussenried,  with  the  district  lunatic  asylum. 
At  (97  M.)  Aulendor f  (*L6we)  ,  junction  of  the  Herbertingen  and 
Memmingen  line  (p.  54),  is  the  chateau  of  Count  Konigsegg,  with 
a  garden  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  distant  Alps. 

The  line  now  follows  the  small  river  Schussen  to  Friedrichs- 
hafen.  The  churches  in  Upper  Swabia  are  frequently  roofed  with 
zinc.  The  population  is  Roman  Catholic.  10 1 'M.  Durlesbach;  iO AM. 
Mochenwangen.  To  the  left  beyond  (107  M.)  Niederbiegen  rises  the 
old  Benedictine  abbey  of  Weingarten,  with  its  three  towers,  founded 
in  1053  by  the  Guelphs ,  now  used  as  barracks.  Pilgrimages  are 
still  made  to  the  church.  Towards  the  S.  the  mountains  of  Appen- 
zell  come  in  view. 

liOi/2  M.  Ravensburg  (1456  ft.;  Post;  Krcnprinz),  an  ancient 
town  with  12,265  inhab.,  surrounded  by  vine-clad  heights,  once 
subject  to  the  Guelphs,  then  to  the  Hohenstaufen,  and  lastly  a  free 
town  of  the  empire,  still  preserves  its  mediseval  exterior,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  pinnacled  walls  and  towers  of  every  variety.  The  slen- 
derest of  the  latter  is  called  the  Mehlsack  ('sack  of  flour').  The 
Protestant  Church,  restored  in  1862,  is  a  good  Gothic  structure,  with 


FRIEDRICHSHAFEN.  8.  Route.     35 

fine  modern  stained-glass  windows.  —  Steam  Tramway  to  Weiri' 
garten  (p.  34). 

The  Veitaburg  (1719  ft.;  Restaurant),  V*  ^r.  from  the  town,  commands 
an  extensive  view  of  the  Lake  of  Constance,  the  Alps  of  Appenzell.  and  the 
Vorarlberg.  A  still  finer  point  is  the *Waldburg  (2520ft.),  2hrs.  to  the  E., 
the  well-preserved  ancestral  castle  of  the  family  of  that  name  ('Truchsesa 
von  Waldburg'). 

Beyond  Ravensburg  another  glimpse  of  the  Alps  is  obtained. 
The  line  traverses  parts  of  the  Seewald.  113^2  ^^-  Oberzell ;  116  M. 
Meckenbeuern.  Tettnang ,  with  the  large  chateau  of  the  extinct 
Counts  of  Montfort.  lies  to  the  left.  The  Lake  of  Constance  at 
length  becomes  visible. 

123  M.  Friedrichshafen.  —  Hotels.  *Deutsches  Hacs,  on  the  lake, 
by  the  station,  with  garden,  K.  2-3,  B.  s/^-i,  D.  2^/2  Jt ;  *Konig  von  WCet- 
TEMBERG,  1/4  M.  from  the  station,  recommended  for  a  prolonged  stay; 
*Keone,  with  garden,  on  the  lake,  R.  2-2V2,  B.  y^U  D-  'i^h  M ;  Sonne; 
*Drei  Konige,  R.  11/4-2,  D.  2Jl,  B.  80  pf.;  Seehof,  with  garden.  Hotel  & 
Restaurant  Muller,  on  the  harbour,  with  a  large  terrace. 

Friedrichshafen  (1320  ft.)  lies  on  the  Bodensee  or  Lake  of  Con- 
stance. The  train  goes  on  from  the  station  to  the  quay,  whence 
steamers  ply  4-5  times  daily  to  the  chief  places  on  the  lake.  The 
busy  little  town,  with  3000  inhab.,  and  a  harbour,  as  its  name  in- 
dicates, was  founded  by  King  Frederick  of  Wurtemberg,  who  con- 
nected Buchhorn,  the  smallest  of  'imperial  cities',  with  the  monastery 
of  Hofen,  now  the  palace,  and  gave  the  place  its  modern  name. 
The  Schloss  contains  a  few  pictures  by  modern  Wurtemberg  masters 
(Gegenbaur,  Pflug,  etc.).  A  pavilion  in  the  Riedle  Park  commands 
a  charming  prospect  of  the  lake  and  the  Alps.  The  historical, 
prehistorical,  and  natural  history  collections  of  the  Bodensee  Verein, 
in  the  old  Hotel  Bellevue,  deserve  a  visit.  The  lake-baths  attract 
many  visitors  in  summer.    Curhaus,  with  terrace  on  the  lake. 

Lake  of  Constance  and  steamboats  upon  it,  see  pp.  57,  201.  —  At  Langen- 
argen,  6  M.  to  the  S.E.  (steamer  in  35  min.),  is  the  handsome  chateau  of 
Montfort,  belonging  to  Princess  Louisa  of  Prussia  (charming  view). 

9.  Prom  Stuttgart  to  Tubingen  and  Horb. 

Comp.  Map,  p.  42. 

64  M.  Railway  in  3V4-4V4  brs.  (fares  8J(iO,5  Jl  60,  3  Jl  60  pf.).  Best 
views  to  the  left. 

To  (14  M.)  Plochingen,  see  R.  8.  I8I/2  M.  Vnter-Boihingen.  To 
the  right  in  the  valley,  near  Kongen,  the  Neckar  is  crossed  by  an 
ancient  stone  bridge,  from  which  Duke  Ulrich  is  said  to  have  leaped 
in  1519  in  order  to  escape  capture  by  the  troops  of  the  Swabian 
League.  Branch-line  to  Kirchheim  unter  Teck  (p.  43).  To  the  left 
rise  the  Teck,  Hohenneuffen,  and  other  Alb  Mts.  —  221/9  M.  Nut' 
tingen  (Krone),  a  manufacturing  town  (pop.  5400)  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Neckar  (ascent  of  the  Hohenneuffen^  2hrs.,  see  p.  44). 
25  M.  Neckarthailfingen .  The  line  now  quits  the  Neckar  for  a  time. 
Near  (28  M.)  Bempflingen,  fine  views  of  the  Alb,  in  which  the  Teck 

3* 


36     Route  9.  .     REUTLINGEN.  From  Stuttgart 

and  Hohenneuffen  (pp.  43,  44)  are  conspicuous,  are  obtained  to 
the  left. 

From  (30^/2  M.')  Metzingen  (1108';  *Sprandel,  at  the  station; 
Linde)  a  branch -line  diverges  to  Dettingen  and  Urach  (Y2  lir- ; 
p.  44).    The  Erms  is  crossed  here. 

Fine  view  from  the  " Floriansherg  (1598  ft.),  ^U  hr.  to  the  X.E.,  em- 
bracing the  whole  of  the  Alb  Mts. ;  above  it  rises  the  Jusihei'y  (2175  ft.). 
From  this  point  a  pleasant  walk  may  be  taken  along  the  ridge  via  the 
Hornle  (2320  ft.)  and  the  Karlslinde  to  the  plateau  of  Hulben  and  Hohen- 
neuffen (p.  44). 

331/2  M.  Sondelfingen.    The  line  skirts  the  Achalm  (p.  46). 

36  M.  Eeutlingen  (1246ft.;  *Ochs,  in  the  market-place,  R.  11/4, 
D.  2  J^ ;  *Kronprinz,  at  the  station;  Lamm,  in  the  Karlsplatz, 
near  the  station ;  Falke,  near  the  Marktplatz),  once  a  free  city  of 
the  empire,  is  now  an  industrial  town  with  18,500  inhab.,  on  the 
Echaz,  the  water  of  which  is  conducted  through  the  streets.  Some 
of  the  old  houses  are  picturesque.  The  ancient  ramparts  and  fosses 
have  been  converted  into  well-built  streets.  In  front  of  the  station 
is  a  monument  to  Frederick  List  (d.  1846),  the  political  economist, 
who  was  born  in  a  house  in  the  Wilhelms-Strasse  (indicated  by 
a  tablet).  In  the  market-place,  in  front  of  the  Spitalkirche^  rises  an 
old  Gothic  fountain  (1570).  The  Gothic  (Prot.)  *Church  of  St.  Mary 
was  erected  1247-1343  and  restored  in  1844,  when  some  very  early 
frescoes  were  discovered  in  the  sacristy.  The  beautiful  tower  is 
240  ft.  high.  A  thorough  restoration  is  now  in  progress.  The  octa- 
gonal stone  *ront  of  1499  is  admirably  and  richly  sculptured ;  the 
reliefs  in  the  niches  represent  the  Baptism  of  Christ  and  the  Seven 
Sacraments.  The  *Holy  Sepulchre  in  the  nave  (about  1480)  is  also 
very  interesting.  The  handsome  modern  altar  was  designed  by  Beis- 
barth  and  executed  by  Lauer  (1878).  The  sacristan's  house  is  op- 
posite the  S.  side  of  the  church.  — *Lucas'sPomological Institution, 
the  Weaving  School,  the  School  of  Women's  Work,  and  the  Refuge 
of  Pastor  Werner  ('Bruderhaus')  merit  a  visit.  The  Cemetery  con- 
tains a  tasteful  modern  chapel  in  the  Gothic  style.  The  little  sulphur- 
bath  of  Heilhrunnen  is  84  M.  from  the  station. 

From  Reutlingex  to  Mcx.sikgen,  21  M.,  railway  in  i^ji'hr.,  via  Eonau 
-and  Lichtenstdn,  see  p.  46. 

SSM. Betzingen  is  noted  for  its  picturesque  costumes,  which  at- 
tract many  artists  in  summer.  At  (4O1/2M.)  A'irc/ten<eiims/wr<  the  line 
Te-enters  theNeckar-Thal.  To  the  x\gh.t Lustnau,  with  a  fine  church. 

45  M.  Tiibingen.  —  Hotels.  ^Teaube,  E.  I-IV2  Jf,  D.  1  J/  20,  B. 
75  pf.;  Lamm,  in  the  market-place,  R.  IV4-I1/2,  B.  ^/i  Jl ;  Peinz  Carl,  R. 
11/4-2,  B.  3/4,  D.  2  Jl;  GoLDKER  OcHSE,  near  the  railway-station,  R.  V/2  Jl. 
—  Beer  at  ^KommerelVs,  near  the  Stiftskirche ;  Muller''s,  by  the  ^Neckar 
bridge;  Museum,  Wilhelms-Str.  ;  Schlossbrauerei,  Markt,  etc.  —  Wine  at 
^eeger''s,  Herrenberger-Str. ;  Riets''s,  Xeekar-Str. ;  7'?'awtoe;V5,  Kronengasse. 

Tubingen  (1036  ft.),  a  town  with  13,275  inhab.,  finely  situated 
on  a  ridge  on  the  Neckar,  possesses  a  university,  founded  by  Count 
Eberhard  in  1477,  of  which  the  theological  and  medical  faculties 
especially  enjoy  a  high  reputation  (over  1400  students).    Melanch- 


to  Horh.  TUBINGEN.  9.  Route.     37 

thon  was  a  lecturer  here  before  he  was  summoned  to  "Wittenberg. 
Near  the  station,  in  the  beautiful  shady  promenades  of  the  'Wohrd', 
is  a  bronze  *Statue  of  Vhland,  by  Kietz,  erected  in  1873.  In  the 
plantation  at  the  end  of  the  avenue  of  planes  is  a  monument  to  the 
authoress  Ottilie  Wildermuth  (d.  1877).  The  house  looking  down 
on  the  Neckar  bridge  (in  the  Garten-Strasse)  was  the  residence  of 
the  poet  Vhland,  who  died  here  in  1862.  His  grave  in  the  cemetery 
is  marked  by  a  monument  of  granite. 

The  streets  of  the  old  town  are  narrow  and  its  houses  insigni- 
ficant. The  late-Gothic  Stiftskirche  of  St.  George  (1470-1529)  con- 
tains fine  old  stained  glass  in  the  *Choir;  twelve  monuments  with 
recumbent  stone  figures,  chiefly  of  Wurtemberg  princes,  including 
Duke  Eberhard  im  Bart  (d.  1496),  founder  of  the  university,  and 
Duke  Ulrich  (d.  1550);  and  an  old  German  winged  picture  by  a 
master  of  Ulm  (1520).  The  organ-loft  is  adorned  with  a  bust  of 
Luther  by  Donndorf.  — Adjoining  the  Stiftskirche  is  the  old  Aula. 
containing  the  Natural  History  Collections  of  the  University ,  in- 
cluding a  fossil  ichthyosaurus  241/2  ft.  long.  —  The  Town  Hall,  a 
richly  coloured  timber-built  edifice,  erected  in  1435,  was  restored 
in  1877.  The  Stift,  a  Protestant  seminary  with  180  pupils,  founded 
in  1536  by  Duke  Ulrich,  is  established  in  an  old  Augustinian  mon- 
astery. The  Roman  Catholic  Wilhelmsstift,  with  about  150  students, 
occupies  the  old  Collegium  Illustre,  founded  in  1588  for  sons  of 
the  nobility.  Beyond  the  Wilhelmsstift  is  the  handsome  new  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  in  the  early-Gothic  style. 

In  the  new  E.  quarter  of  the  town,  in  the  handsome  Wilhelm- 
Strasse  and  to  the  "W.  of  it,  are  a  number  of  imposing  buildings, 
such  as  the  University,  the  Women's  and  the  Surgical  Clinical  Hos- 
pitals, the  Museum,  and  the  Insane  Hospital.  The  university  pos- 
sesses a  picture-gallery  (a  Correggio,  a  Murillo,  etc.,  and  125  por- 
traits of  professors)  and  other  collections,  chief  among  which  is  that 
of  Fossils,  in  the  old  building  next  to  the  Stiftskirche  (a  fine 
ichthyosaurus,  24ft.  in  length,  etc.).  At  the  back  of  the  university 
rises  an  obelisk  in  memory  of  Silcher,  the  composer  (d.  1860).  — 
The  Botanical  Garden  of  the  university  contains  a  monument  to 
the  poet  Hblderlin  (d.  1843),  presented  by  the  sculptor  Andresen 
in  1881. 

By  the  Town  Hall  (see  above)  a  path  ascends  to  the  left  to  the 
spacious  Schloss  Hohen-TUhingen,  situated  on  a  hill  commanding  the 
town,  erected  by  Duke  Ulrich  in  the  Renaissance  style  in  1535, 
with  a  richly  decorated  outer  portal  of  1606  and  an  inner  portal  of 
1538  (lately  restored).  It  contains  the  admirably  arranged  University 
Library  and  the  Observatory.  The  cellars,  which  contain  an  im- 
mense cask  (18,700  gallons),  a  deep  well  formerly  descending  to 
the  level  of  the  Neckar,  and  torture-chambers,  are  shown  to  visitors, 
r**^  Fine  *View  from  the  Schdnzle,  at  the  hack  of  the  Schloss  (reached 
from  the  court  of  the  Schloss  through  the  low  passage  beyond  the  well; 
then  to  the  left),  and  from  thclLichtenbei-ger  Hohe.    Another  good  point  of 


38     Routes.  ROTTENBURG. 

Tiew  is  the  Oesterberg  {l^SQfi.),  oppcsife  the  Sclilo88  (Cafe  Sennhiitte ;  Wie- 
landhohe).  On  the  top  of  this  hill,  20  min.  from  the  town,  is  the  Eaiser- 
Wilhelms-Thurm,  erected  in  1893,  with  portraits  of  Emp.  William  I..  Emp. 
Frederick  III.,  and  King:  Charles  of  Wurtemberg,  and  a  memorial  stone  to 
Prince  Bismarck,  The  view  extends  from  the  Hohenstaufen  to  the  Pletten- 
berg  and  the  Hornisgrinde.  —  More  distant  points  of  view  are  the  Wold- 
MuserHohe,  Eberhards-Hche,  Steinmberg  (these  to  the  N.),  Spilzberg  otOeden- 
bwg,  and  Buss-Thuvm  (these  two  to  the  W.,  beyond  the  Schloss). 

To  the  N.  of  Tubingen,  3  M.  on  the  old  Stuttgart  road,  lies  the  well- 
preserved  old  Cistercian  monastery  of  *Bebenhausen,  founded  in  1185,  one 
of  the  finest  Gothic  structures  in  Swabia.  The  building  was  restored  in 
1873-75,  and  is  now  a  royal  hunting- residence.  The  summer -refectory 
with  a  collection  of  ancient  arms  and  armour,  the  winter -refectory 
with  its  Gobelins,  and  the  present  dining-hall  with  its  coUection  of  majolica 
(over  300  pieces)  are  worthy  of  inspection.  The  fine  cloisters  date  from 
1471-1496.     Adjacent  are  the  Hirsch  and   Waldhorn  Inns. 

On  a  height  (1558  ft.),  I1/4  hr.  to  the  N.W. ,  rises  the  Wurmlinger 
Eapelle,  commanding  an  extensive  view.  Its  praises  have  been  sung  by 
Uhland  and  other  poets.  (The  chapel  may  be  reached  by  a  pleasant 
path  through  the  wood  from  the  Schloss  at  Tubingen,  following  the  top 
of  the  hill,  via  the  Schanzle,  Lichtenberg,  and  Buss  ;  see  above.) 

From  Tiibingen  to  Hohemollern  and  Sigmai'ingen,  see  R.  12. 

48M.  Kilchb€rg.—  bi\'2M.  Rottenburg  (1115ft. ; Bar;  Kaiser)^ 
an  old  town  (7027 inhab.)  picturesquely  situated  on  theNeckar,  con- 
nected by  two  bridges  with  the  suburb  of  Ehingen,  is  an  episcopal 
see.  The  late-GotMc  Church  of  St.  Martin,  with  its  perforated  spire, 
is  interesting.  The  Bischofshof,  formerly  a  Jesuit  convent,  con- 
tains a  collection  of  Roman  antiquities  found  here  in  the  old  Roman 
station  of  Sumelocenna.  The  inmates  of  the  new  Prison  are  em- 
ployed in  agriculture.    Hops  abound. 

At  the  Altstadt  (1394  ft),  '^ji'hr.  to  the  S.E.,  is  a  Eoman  camp;  1/2  hr. 
farther  on,  beyond  the  village  of  TFei7er,  is  the  Weilerburg  (1820  ft.;  belve- 
dere). —  The  Siilchenkirche,  20  min.  to  the  N.E.  of  Rottenburg,  once  the 
centre  of  the  Siilich-Gau,  is  the  burial-church  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
bishops  of  Wurtemberg. 

The  train  crosses  theNeckar  and  follows  the  left  bank.  Vineyards 
gradually  give  way  to  pine-forest.  53^/2  M.  Niedernau.  The  chaly- 
beate and  sulphur  baths  of  that  name  lie  in  a  valley  on  the  opposite 
bank.  The  line  crosses  the  Neckar,  and  near  (55  M.)  Bieringen  the 
Starzel.  To  the  right,  beyond  a  long  tunnel,  rises  Schloss  Weitenburg, 
with  its  fine  pinnacled  tower,  commanding  a  fine  view.  On  a  pine- 
clad  hill  to  the  left  of  (591/2  M.)  Eyach  is  the  ruin  of  Frondeck. 

Pi-ettily  situated  in  tlie  Eyach-Thal,  2^/2  M.  to  the  S.  (omnibus  from  the 
station  in  20  min.)  are  the  chalvbeate  baths  of  Imnau  {^'Badhaus,  R.  1-2  Jl., 
board  2  Jl  10  pf.  to  2  J(  &)  pf.),  chiefly  visited  by  ladies.  Good  baths 
(mineral,  pine-cone,  saline,  Turkish,  and  vapour).  Pretty  walks  and  ex- 
cursions. —  In  the  Eyach-Thal,  4  M.  to  theS.,  lies  the  little  Prussian  town 
of  Haigerloch,  picturesquely  situated  in  a  deep  valley,  and  commanded 
by  an  old  Schloss. 

Q2M.  Miihlen,-  64  M.  Horb.  From  Horb  to  Stuttgart  \ia.  Bob- 
lingen^  and  to  Schaffhausen  via  Immendingen,  see  R.  10;  to  Calw 
and  Pforzheim,  see  p.  16;  to  Hausachj  see  p.  39. 


39 

10.    From  Stuttgart  to  Boblingen  and  Schaffhausen. 

123  M.  Railway  in  5-8  hrs.  (fares  15  Ji  90,  10  Jl  60,  6  Jl  80  pf. ;  ex- 
press 17  Jl  95,  12  M  65  pf.).  This  is  the  direct  route  from  Stuttgart  to 
Central  Switzerland  (express  from  Stuttgart  to  Zurich  in6V4lirs. ;  through- 
carriages)  and  to  the  I'.aden  Oberland  (see  helow). 

From  Stuttgart  (Central  Station)  to  the  (5  M.)  West  Station,  see 
p.  11.  Just  beyond  the  station  the  train  penetrates  a  spur  of  the  .ffasen- 
berg,  and  then  ascends (1:100),  high  above  the  suburb  of  Heslach  Sini 
the  gradually  contracting  valley.  Pretty  views  to  the  left.  The  line 
^runs  through  wood  on  the  Heslacher  Wand,  and  is  carried  across  three 
deep  gorges  by  lofty  embankments.  At  (9  M.)  Vaihingen  the  train 
reaches  the  Filder,  the  fertile  upland  plain  to  the  S.  of  Stuttgart. 
The  Schonhuchwald  is  now  traversed  to  (1  o^/o  M.)  Boblingen  (1415  ft.; 
Waldhorn;  Bar),  an  old  town  (4300  inhab.),  with  a  castle,  prettily 
situated  on  two  large  ponds.  T]ie*Waldburg,  lOmin.  to  theN.E.  of 
the  town,  with  a  wooded  park  and  extensive  view,  is  a  favourite  resort. 

19m.  Ehningen,  where  the Wiirm  is  crossed;  21  M.  Gdrtringen; 
23  M.  Nufringen.  — 25^/2  M.  Herrenberg  (Post),  an  old  town  in  the 
fertile  Gait;  to  the  left  the  hills  of  the  Schonhuch  and  the  Rauhe 
Alb.  —  28  M.  Neb  ring  en ;  31  M.  Bondorf ;  33'/2  M.  Ergenzingen. 
—  35  M.  Eutingen  (1550  ft.),  junction  for  Pforzheim  (p.  17). 

Fkom  Eutingen  to  Hausach,  42'/2  M.,  railway  in  P/i-i^/i  hrs.  (from 
Stuttgart  in  3V4-6  hrs.).  The  line  turns  to  the  right,  and  as  far  as  (2V2  M.) 
Hochdorf  (1653  ft.)  coincides  with  the  Nagold  railway  (p.  17).  It  then 
ascends  and  enters  the  Black  Forest.  Stations:  Altheim^Bittelbronn^Schopf- 
loch,  Dornstetten.     Three  loftv  viaducts. 

I8V2  M.^  Freudenstadt  (2362  ft.;  'Schwarzwald-Hdtel ,  at  the  station, 
with  fine  view;  -Waldeck,  near  the  wood,  in  the  Strassburger-Str. ;  Po«< ,• 
Linde),  a  loftily-situated  %Yurtemberg  town  (6270  inhab.).  was  founded  in 
1599  by  Protestant  refugees  from  Styria,  Carinthia,  and  Moravia,  and  is 
now  a  summer-resort.  At  the  N.E.  corner  of  the  extensive  Platz,  with 
its  arcaded  houses,  rises  the  Rathhaus,  and  at  the  S.W.  corner  is  the 
curious  Protestant  Church,  built  in  1601-8.  It  consists  of  two  naves  forming 
an  angle,  one  set  apart  for  male,  the  other  for  female  worshippers,  while 
pulpit  and  altar  are  placed  at  the  apex  of  the  angle.  Observe  the  carved 
choir-stalls  and  the  Romanesque  font  brought  from  the  monastery  of  Alpirs- 
bach.  Near  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  1/2  M.  from  the  town,  we  obtain 
a  *View  of  the  Swabian  Alb,  Hohenzollern,  etc.  —  Good  roads  lead  from 
Freudenstadt  to  the  W.  over  the  Kniebis  to  Oppenau,  and  to  the  N.  through 
the  Murgthal  to  Gernshach  and  Wildbad  (p.  18). 

The  train  turns  to  theS.  and  enters  the  smiling ^^»^lg-Z'/^a/ below  (22V2M.) 
Losshurg  (2148  ft.).  —  28  M.  Alpirsbach  (1432  ft.;  "Lowe,  Schicnn),  with  a 
Romanesque  church  of  the  lltb  cent.,  has  a  brisk  trade  in  timber  and 
straw-hats.  Near  it  is  the  Krdhenhad.  —  31V2  M.  Srhenkenzell ;  33V2  M. 
Schiltach  (Krone),  at  the  confluence  of  the Schiltach  and  theKinzig;  39V2M. 
Wol/ach;  42V2  M-  Hausach,  see  Baedeker''s  Rhine. 

The  train  descends  the  narrow  valley  of  Miihlen,  with  the  ruined 
Staufenberg  on  the  left ,  and  crosses  the  Neckar.  —  42  M.  Horb 
(1262  ft. ;  Zum  Kaiser;  Krone ;  Bar  ;  Zum  Bahnhof),  with  2200  in- 
hab., has  a  large  church  in  the  transition  style.  On  the  hill  an  an- 
cient watch-tower  and  a  pilgrimage-chapel.  — Railway  by  Tubingen 
and  Plochingen  to  Stuttgart,  see  R.  9. 

The  train  for  a  short  way  traverses  Prussian  territory.    46  M. 


40    Route  10.  ROTTWEIL.  From  Stuttgart 

Neckarhausen.  The  Danube  is  crossed.  To  the  E.  above  Fischingen 
rises  the  extensive  ruin  oiWehrstein.  —  50  M.  Sulz  am iVecfcar  (Wald- 
horn),  a  little  town  -with  a  Gothic  church.  Then  a  tunnel.  To  the 
left  beyond  it  rises  the  ruin  otAlbeck.  Near  (bQM.')Aistaig  pleasant 
glimpses  of  the  valley  are  enjoyed.  —  58  M.  Oberndorf  (Post),  a 
thriving  village  to  the  right.  The  old  Augustinian  monastery  is  now 
a  gun-factory  (director,  Herr  Mauser).  61  M.  Epfendorf;  64 M.  Thal- 
hausen.  The  line  is  carried  over  four  bridges,  through  four  tunnels, 
with  various  ruins  to  the  right  and  left,  and  lastly  by  a  long  tunnel 
through  the  hill  on  which  Rottweil  lies.  The  station,  with  the  exten- 
sive railway  engine-factory,  is  1/2  ^-  from  the  town.  To  the  left  of 
the  station  is  the  site  of  a  large  Roman  camp,  while  the  Altstadt, 
1/4  hr.  to  the  S.,  covers  the  remains  of  a  Roman  civil  colony.  The 
saline  springs  and  baths  of  Wilhelmshall  lie  1/2  M.  farther  to  the  S. 

68  M.  Rottweil  (* Wilder  Mann  or  Post,  R.  1  J/  40,  B.  70  pf., 
D.  1  c/^  70,  pens.  4  «^  50  pf. ;  ^Lamm;  Rail.  Restaurant,  D.  with 
wine2^80pf.},  an  ancient  town  (6912inhab,)  with  well-preserved 
walls  and  towers,  was  a  free  city  of  the  Empire  down  to  1802.  The 
*HeiUgen-Kreuz-Kirche,  a  fine  Gothic  structure  (1374-1473),  has 
been  restored  by  Heideloff.  The  Kapellenkirche ,  with  its  hand- 
some Gothic  tower  of  1364,  was  entirely  remodelled  at  the  begin- 
ning of  last  century.  Some  good  carvings  on  the  S.  side  and  on 
the  panels  of  the  doors  are  the  sole  relics  of  the  original  structure. 
The  interesting  Collection  of  Antiquities  contains  chiefly  Roman  relics. 
The  Chapel  of  St.  Lawrence  in  the  old  cemetery  contains  a  collection 
of  mediaeval  carvings ,  chiefly  of  the  Upper  Swabian  school.  In  the 
centre  is  a  mosaic  from  a  Roman  bath  (Orpheus).  The  massive 
Hochthurm  (148ft.),  in  the  highest  part  of  the  town  on  the  W.  side, 
commands  an  extensive  view. 

To  ViLLiXGEN,  17  M.,  railway  in  IV4  hr.  Stations  Deisslingen,  Trossin- 
gen,  Schioenningen  (the  source  of  the  Keckar  is  V2  M.  to  the  S.).  The  line 
traverses  a  lofty  plain,  the  watershed  between  the  Rhine  and  Danube,  and 
beyond  stat.  Marbach  descends  the  Brigach-Thal  to  Villingen  (see  JBaedeker''s 
Rhine). 

The  line  crosses  the  Neckar  and  enters  the  broad  Primthal.  To 
the  left,  several  picturesque  glimpses  of  the  Hohenberg,  Lemberg,  and 
other  spurs  of  the  Alb.  72^/2  M.  Neufra.  The  line  ascends,  and  then 
traverses  a  high-lying,  well-cultivated  plain,  forming  part  of  the 
Baar.  75  M.  Aiding  en.  To  the  left  rises  the  long  Heuberg,  with 
the  Dreifaltigkeitskirche  on  the  nearest  peak  (3225  ft.),  adjacent  to 
which  is  a  belvedere  tower  (ascended  from  Spaichingen  in  1  hr. ; 
splendid  *Panorama).  To  the  right  in  the  distance  are  the  flattened 
cone  of  the  Hohenkarpfen  and  the  coffin-shaped  Lupfen.  77^/2  M. 
Spaichingen  (2210  ft. ;  *Alte  Post;  Neue  Post;  Krone),  a  straggling 
village;  80y2  M.  Rietheim;  82^/2'^..  Wurmlingen  (Bellevue),  a  vil- 
lage; on  the  Faulenbach ;  72^'  ^^^''^  t^®  railway.  The  line  describes 
a  long  curve,  and  crosses  the  Danube  (to  Sigmaringen  and  Vim, 
see  p.  52). 


to  Schaffhausen.  TUTTLINGEN.  10.  Route.     41 

851/2  M.  Tuttlingen  (2130  ft.;  *-Post;  *Hecht ;  Bartenhach  ,  at 
the  station,  well  spoken  of),  an  industrial  town  (10,092  inhab.),  lies 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube.  Above  it  rise  the  ruins  of  the 
Honburg,  destroyed  during  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  A  monument, 
with  a  medallion-portrait  and  a  figure  of  *Germania,  designed  by 
Jahn,  was  erected  here  in  1892  to  Max  Schneckenburger.  author  of 
the  'WachtamRhein'  (b.  atThalheim  near  Tuttlingen  1819,  d.  1849). 
The  Witthoh  (2887  ft.),  IV4  hr.  to  the  S.,  is  a  good  point  of  view. 

The  line  traverses  the  broad  valley  of  the  Danube,  and  crosses 
the  river  near  (IIOY2M.)  Mohringen.  92  M.  Immendingen  (Falke; 
Deutscher  Kaiser),  junction  for  Donaueschingen  and  Waldshut  (see 
Baedeker's  Rhine). 

The  train  recrosses  the  Danube,  gradually  ascends  its  S.  bank, 
penetrates  the  watershed  between  Danube  and  Rhine  by  deep  cut- 
tings and  a  tunnel,  and  descends  beyond  (95  M.)  Hattingen  (Hauser). 
After  a  long  tunnel  and  several  lofty  viaducts,  the  line  runs  on  a 
high  level  along  the  E.  slope  of  the  hills.  99  M.  ThalmUhle.  We 
now  descend  the  wooded  Engener-Thal  to  (102  M.)  Engen  (*Post), 
an  ancient  little  town,  where  the  mountains  are  quitted. 

The  train  now  skirts  the  volcanic  peaks  of  theHegrau,  the  highest 
of  which,  the  Hohenhoiven  (2854  ft.),  rises  to  the  W.  of  (103V2  ^0 
Welschingen;  beyond  it  is  the  Hohenstoffeln.  106  M.  Miihlhausen, 
with  the  ruin  of  Mdgdeberg.  107  M.  Hohenkrdhen  lies  at  the  foot 
of  a  bold  rock  (2116  ft.),  crowned  with  fragments  of  an  old  castle. 

1101/2  M.  Singen  (*Krone,  1/2^-  from  the  station  ;  Adler,  at  the 
station,  well  spoken  of;  Ekkehard)  lies  at  the  base  oi  the  Hohentwiel. 

The  fortress  of  *Hohentwiel  (2273  ft.) ,  a  small  'enclave'  of  Wurtem- 
berg,  rises  on  a  lofty  isolated  rock  3/4  M.  to  the  N.W.  of  Singen  (S'/a  M. 
from  the  station).  It  was  successfully  defended  during  the  Thirty  Years' 
War  by  the  Wurtemberg  commandant  Widerholt,  to  whom  a  monument 
has  been  erected.  In  18C)0  it  was  destroyed  by  the  French.  The  imposing 
ruins  command  a  superb  view  of  the  Lake  of  Constance  and  the  Alps. 
Indicator  and  telescope  at  the  top.  A  guide,  the  key,  and  a  ticket  for  the 
tower  (20  pf.)  are  procured  at  the  "Inn  halfway  up.' 

114  M.  Gottmadingen ;  1 171/2  M.  Thayingen ;  120  M.  Herbling en. 

123  M.  SchaflHiausen  (*Hdtel  MUUer,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  from  21/2, 
B.  11/4,  D.  3  .^;  Rheinischer  Hof,  similar  charges;  Riese,  R.,  L.,  & 
A.  2-21/2,  D.  21/2^//,  these  three  at  the  station;  Post;  Schwanen ; 
Tanne,  plain  ;  Railway  Restaurant)  is  a  picturesque  old  Swiss  town 
(12,402  inhab.)  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  formerly  a  free 
town  of  the  Empire,  and  now  the  capital  of  the  Canton  of  that 
name.  The  MUnster^  an  early-Romanesque  basilica  of  1052-1101, 
has  recently  been  restored.  The  massive  tower  ofMunot  dates  from 
the  10th  century.  The  Imthurneum  contains  a  theatre,  musir-school, 
and  music-rooms.  Opposite  is  the  Museum  with  natural  history  spec- 
imens, antiquities,  and  the  town-library.  The  Fdsenstaub,  a  pleas- 
ant promenade,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  Rhine  and  the  Alps. 

The  *Falls  of  the  Rhine  are  most  conveniently  visited  by  rail  from 
Schaffhausen  to  stat.  Neuhausen,  21/2  M.  distant.    See  Baedeker''s  Switzerland. 


42 


11.  The  Swabian  Alb. 


This  district,  the  central  part  of  Swabia,  is  a  wooded  range  of  lime- 
stone mountains,  intersected  by  picturesque  valleys,  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Black  Forest,  on  the  N.  by  the  valley  of  the  Neckar,  and  on  the  S. 
by  the  Danube.  The  hills  on  the  side  towards  the  Neckar  are  pictur- 
esquely grouped,  affording  numerous  views;  the  valleys  are  luxuriantly 
fertile  and  partly  clothed  with  fine  beech-forest;  many  of  the  towns  are 
antiquated  and  interesting.  Pedestrians  in  particular  will  find  many  attrac- 
tions.   Inns  generally  good  and  inexpensive. 

Between  Hohenstaufen,  Ipf,  and  L'lm  stretches  the  E.  part  of  the  Alb, 
consisting  mainly  of  the  Hartfeld,  Brenzthal,  Mts.  of  Aalen  and  Heu- 
bach,  and  the  Albuch.  The  central  Alb  lies  between  Hohenstaufen  and 
Hohenzollern  on  one  side,  and  Ulm  and  Sigmaringen  on  the  other.  The 
S.W.  wing  of  the  Alb  is  formed  of  the  beautiful  range  of  hills  between 
Hohenzollern  and  Lupfen,  the  plateau  of  the  Heuberg,  and  the  valley  of  the 
Danube  between  Tuttlingen  and  Sigmaringen.  —  The  finest  points  in  the 
E.  Alb  are  the  neighbourhood  of  Bopjingen  with  the  /jp/,  ffohenbaldem,  and 
Kapfenburg  (p.  29);  the  neighbourhood  of  Aalen,  with  the  Brauneberg,  and 
the  Source  of  the  Kochei'  nearUnterkochen  (p.  28)  ;  the  neighbourhood  oiHeu- 
bach,  with  the  Iiosenstei7i  Tp.  28),  Lauterberg,  and  Bernhardus;  the  Albuch, 
with  the  Wendthal  (p.  32);  the  Brenzthal  from  Konigsbronn  to  Brenz- 
Sontheim,  the  finest  part  of  which,  the  Buige  near  Anhausen,  is  also  not 
far  from  the  Charlotten-Hohle  (p.  2?) ;  and  finally  the  remarkable  Lone-Hiirbe- 
Thal  (p.  28).  —  The  S.W.  Alb  is  described  in  RR.  10,  12,  13. 

Of  the  Cektb.\l  Alb,  the  district  about  Oeislingen  is  described  at 
pp.  31,  32.  The  present  route  embraces  the  side  next  the  Neckar,  the 
most  interesting  points,  which  may  be  visited  in  five  days,  being  the  Rech- 
berg  and  Hohenstaufen,  the  Geislinger-Thal  and  Upper  Filsthal,  the  Lenninger 
Thai  and  the  Teclc,  Hohenneuffen,  the  Uracher-  Thai,  Reutlingen  with  the  Achalm, 
the  Eonauer-Thal  and  Lichtenstein ,  Tubingen  and  Rossberg,  Hohenzollern. 

First  Day.  By  the  first  train  from  Stuttgart  to  Gmund  (p.  28). 
Thence  by  a  good  road  (on  which  the  omnibus  to  Siissen  runs,  see 
p.  28)  to  the  (4  M.)  upper  *Eechberg  (2316  ft.),  on  the  broad 
summit  of  which  stands  a  much  frequented  pilgrimage-chapel  (re- 
freshments at  the  parsonage,  but  no  quarters  for  the  night).  The 
view  embraces  a  fertile  and  undulating  landscape ,  sprinkled  with 
towns  and  villages ,  stretching  to  the  N.  as  far  as  the  Welzheimer 
Wald  and  the  Waldeuburg  and  Limpurg  hills,  from  the  old-fashioned 
town  of  Gmiind  in  the  foreground  to  the  distant  Ellwangen.  To  the 
W.  rise  the  Hohenstaufen  and  the  Black  Forest  Mts.;  towards  the 
S.W.  extend  the  ranges  of  the  Swabian  Alb  ;  and  in  clear  weather 
the  Tyrolese  and  Swiss  Alps  may  be  descried  towards  the  S.E.  andS. 

We  next  visit  the  ruined  castle  of  Hohenrechberg  (burned  down 
in  1865),  on  the  lower  peak  of  the  hill.  Thence  by  a  distinct  path 
on  the  crest  of  the  hill  in  1^2  hr-  to  tl^e  village  of  Hohenstaufen 
(Ochs,  Lamm,  both  moderate),  on  the  slope  of  the  *Hohenstaufen 
(2237  ft.),  to  which  a  path,  ascends  from  tbe  village  in  20  minutes. 
Near  this  path  is  a  small  Church ,  partly  restored  in  1860  and  re- 
cently adorned  with  the  armorial  bearings  of  the  countries  over  which 
the  Hohenstaufen  once  held  sway. 

On  the  N.  wall  is  an  old  fresco,  almost  obliterated,  of  Frederick 
Barbarossa  (1152-1190).  with  inscription,  of  the  16th  cent.,  recording  that 
the  emperor,  '■amor  bonorum,  terror  malorum",  was  in  the  habit  of  entering 
the  church  by  this  door  (now  walled  up). 


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LENNINGER-THAL.  11.  Route.     43 

The  hill  commands  a  beautiful  prospect.  From  1080  until  the 
Peasants'  AVar  in  1525  it  was  crowned  with  the  ancestral  castle  of 
the  illustrious  family  of  Staufen  or  Hohenstaufeu,  which  occupied 
the  German  imperial  throne  from  1138  to  1254  and  became  extinct 
in  1268  by  the  premature  death  of  the  ill-fated  Conradin  in  Italy. 
A  small  fragment  of  wall  on  the  extreme  S.  verge  of  the  bare  plateau 
is  all  that  is  now  left  of  their  abode. 

A  pleasant  road,  traversing  woods  for  a  long  way,  leads  from  the 
village  of  Hohenstaufeu  to  (01/4  M.)  Goppingen  (rail,  stat.,  p.  30). 
Thence  by  evening-train  via  PLochingen  in  V/2^^-  toUnter-Boihingen 
(p.  35),  and  in  i4min.  more  by  Oethlingen  to  Kirchheim  unter  Teck 
(*Post;  Lowe;  Deutsches  Haus),  a  small  town  with  a  handsome 
chateau,  prettily  situated  in  view  of  the  Alb. 

Or  we  may  walk  from  the  village  of  Hohenstaufen  to  (IV4  hr.)  Ei»- 
lingen  (p.  31),  take  the  train  to  i^i  hr.)  Geislingen,  and  walk  thence  next 
day  by    Wiesensteig  to   Owen  (comp.  p.  31). 

Second  Day.  Excursion  to  the  *  Lenninger-Thal ,  one  of  the 
finest  in  the  Alb,  extending  10  M.  to  Gutenberg^  a  charming  drive. 
From  (41/2  M.)  the  little  town  of  Owen  {ow  pron.  as  in  cow;  Post 
or  Krone,  moderate),  with  a  handsome  restored  Gothic  church,  buri- 
al-place of  the  Dukes  of  Teck,  we  ascend  (in  1  hr. ;  following  the 
telegraph-posts  and  then  turning  to  the  right)  to  the  ruined  castle 
of  *Teck  (2542  ft.),  the  ancestral  seat  of  the  Dukes  of  Teck  (belve- 
dere-tower ;  refreshments ;  the  Sibyllenloch  is  a  lofty  grotto  on  the 
W.  brink  of  the  rock). 

From  the  Teck  we  reach  the  Gelbe  Fehen  in  10  rain,  and  proceed  over 
the  Satlel  (2010  ft.)  to  the  (V'z  hr.)  ruined  Diepoldshurg  (p.  31).  Thence  we 
may  either  cross  the  plateau  to  the  N.  to  (1/2  hr  )  Ochsenicang,  etc.  (p.  31), 
or  a,«icend  the  (3/4  hr.)  Wielandstdn  to  the  8.,  via  the  Engelhof^  and  descend 
to  Ober-Lenningen. 

At  Vnter-Lenningen  the  ruin  o{  Salzburg  lies  to  the  right  and  the 
ruined  Diepoldshurg  or  Rauherburg  (p.  31)  rises  high  above  us  on 
the  left.  On  a  steep  rock  at  (1  hr.)  Ober-Lenningen  (Sonne,  Ochs, 
poor)  are  the  remains  of  the  Wielandstein.  At  the  E.  end  of  the 
valley  lies  (1  hr.)  Gutenberg  (1744ft.;  Lowe,  Hirsch,  both  well 
spoken  of),  a  little  to  the  S.  of  which  is  the  ruin  o£  Sperberseck, 
while  to  the  N.  is  Krebsstein  (see  below). 

Above  Gutenberg,  to  the  left,  in  the  upper  slope  of  the  valley,  is  the 
(25  min.)  *Gutenberg  Stalactite  Grotto  ('Tropfsteinhohle'),  discovered  in 
I)ec.,  1889,  and  well  worth  seeing.  (Guide  necessary.)  We  pass  through 
the  Heppenloch,  two  chambers  discovered  earlier,  where  numerous  fossil 
bones,  flint  implements,  etc.,  were  found,  to  the  'Gothic  HalT,  with  its 
splendid  ice-like  stalactites  and  stalagmites.  Then  through  a  long  passage 
to  the  'Moorish  llair  with  the  'Waterfall' ,  and  past  the  'Dwarfs  Palace\ 
the  'Spindles',  etc.,  to  the  'Klamm',  a  deep  gully  to  which  a  flight  of  stone 
steps  gives  access.  —  About  5 min.  from  this  cavern  is  the" Oussniann^-Hohle, 
with  the  'Organ  Hair  and  the  'Tower  (electric  light),  made  accessible  in  1891. 

A  footpath  leads  to  the  N.  from  Gutenberg  via  the  ruin  of  Hohen- 
guteuherg  to  (1/2  hr.)  the  farm  of  Krebsstein.  —  Another  (preferable)  leads 
to  the  W.  via  SchlaUstall  and  the  Schrocke  to  (2  hrs.)  Urach  (p    44). 

From  Gutenberg  we  may  Avalk  by  SchlaUstall  and  Grabenstetten 
(with  an  ancient  'pagan'  moat)  to  the  Beuren  Rock   and  Hohen- 


44     Route  11.  URACH.  Swabian  Alb. 

neufifen  (in  3  hrs.),  -without  descending  into  the  valley.  Carriages 
drive  by  Owen  and  Beuren  (Schlegel)  to  Neuffen. 

The  *Beiirener  Fels  ('Rock  of  Beuren',  2365  ft. ;  ascended  by  a 
good  path  from  Owen  or  from  Beuren  in  ll/4hr.),  a  bold  projecting 
rock,  commands  a  beautiful  view  (Rechberg,  Hohenstaufen,  Black 
Forest,  Donnersberg,  Vosges).  Hence  across  the  plateau  by  Erken- 
brechtsiceiler  and  past  the  Wilhelmsfelsen  in  1  hr.  to  the  — 

*  Hohenneuffen  (2436  ft.),  a  conical  and  conspicuous  height, 
projecting  far  into  the  valley,  and  crowned  by  the  imposing  ruins 
of  an  ancient  stronghold,  demolished  as  unsafe  in  1802.  Fine  view 
■with  charming  foreground.   (Refreshments  when  the  flag  is  hoisted.) 

From  the  Hohenneuffen  to  stat.  Nurtingen,  lV-2  ^ir-  (see  p.  35). 
Or  Urach  may  be  reached  hence  in  2  hrs.  by  crossing  the  table-land 
and  passing  the  Biirrenhof  (with  another  old  moat,  comp.  p.  43)  and 
the  village  of  Hillben,  whence  we  descend  into  the  valley.  But  it  is 
pleasanter  to  descend  by  a  good  path  through  the  wood  to  the  (i^br.) 
pretty  little  town  of  Neuffen  (Ochs  ;  Hirsch).  At  the  lower  end  of 
the  place  (finger-post)  we  ascend  to  the  left,  take  the  broad  track 
to  the  left  where  the  route  divides,  and  follow  it  across  the  Sattel- 
bogen,  between  the  view-points  of  Hornle  and  Karlslinde  (p,  36), 
to  (li/2  hr.)  Dettingen  (Lowe;  Krone);  thence  by  train  to  TJrach 
in  1/4  hr. 

Third  Day.  TJrach  (1515  ft.;  *Post,  *Haas  'Zur  Krone',  both 
in  the  market-place;  beer  at  Heinzelmanns  and  Wenz's;  rooms  at 
the  latter),  an  old-fashioned  little  town,  charmingly  situated  in  the 
Ermsthal,  is  frequented  as  a  summer -resort  (medical  boarding- 
houses  of  Dr.  Camerer  and  Dr.  Kliipfel).  The  Church  of  St.  Aman- 
dus  was  built  in  1472,  and  the  Canonry  (now  a  Prot.  school)  in 
1477  by  Count  Eberhard  im  Bart,  whose  confessional  in  the  church 
is  adorned  with  good  carving  (1472).  The  church  also  contains  an 
interesting  font,  executed  in  1518  by  Christoph  of  Urach;  pulpit 
probably  by  the  same  master.  In  the  Schloss ,  erected  in  1443, 
partly  of  timber,  is  the  'Goldner  Saal',  containing  reminiscences  of 
the  Counts,  afterwards  Dukes  of  Wurtemberg.  Fine  Gothic  Foun- 
tain in  the  market-place  (end  of  15th  cent.).  Railway  to  Metzingen 
in  1/2  lir.,  see  p.  36. 

The  *  TJracher-Thal  from  Dettingen  to  Seeburg,  6  M.  above 
TJrach,  surpasses  that  of  Lenningen ;  the  slopes  are  richly  clad  with 
beech-forest.  Several  quarries  of  tufa.  'Nea^i  Dettingen  rises  the 
conspicuous  Rossberg  (2572  ft.) ;  farther  up  ,  beyond  the  Vracher 
Bleiche,  the  Runderberg,  in  a  side-valley  on  the  right;  then  Hohen- 
Vrach  and  the  Thiergartenberg  \   on  the  opposite  side  the  Hochberg. 

Beyond  Urach  the  road  ascends  by  the  course  of  the  Erms,  which 
drives  numerous  mills  and  a  large  cotton-factory,  into  the  *See- 
burger-Thal,  a  picturesque,  rocky,  and  wooded  valley.  Above  the 
Georgenau  rises  the  ruined  Hohenwittlingen ,  under  which  is  the 
fine  stalactite-cavern  of  Schilling sloch  (now  called  ^ Schiller- Hohle''). 


SwabianAlb.  HOHEN-URACH.  11.  Route.    45 

In  the  upper  and  wildest  part  of  the  valley,  between  lofty  rocks  at 
the  month  of  the  romantic  Fischbury-Thal^  lies  the  hamlet  oiSeeburg 
(Lowe,  plain).  On  a  rock  high  above  it  is  the  little  chateau  of  Vhen- 
fels.  The  infant  Erms,  though  only  50  yds.  from  its  source,  most 
creditably  drives  a  mill  here.  The  excursion  from  Urach  to  Seeburg 
is  best  made  in  an  open  carriage  (with  one  horse,  there  and  back 
about  31  0-5  .y/).  From  Seeburg  to  the  S.  through  the  Seethal  to 
Miinsirif/en  (p.  47),  road  in  about  I'/o  hr. 

The  most  attractive  excursion  from  Urach  is  to  Hohen-Urach  and 
to  the  waterfall.  The  hill  of  Hohen-Urach  (2300  ft. ;  3,4  hr. ;  easy 
path;  on  entering  the  wood  avoid  the  first  path  diverging  to  the 
right  by  the  large  beech)  is  crowned  with  extensive  ruins  and 
affords  a  good  view,  but  is  inferior  in  interest  to  the  Hohenneuffen. 
Below  the  second  gateway  of  the  castle,  to  the  left,  is  the  chamber 
in  which  the  ill-fated  poet  Frischlin  was  imprisoned ;  in  attempting 
to  escape  he  was  dashed  to  pieces  on  the  rocks  below  (1590).  A  path 
through  beautiful  beech-wood  leads  hence  to  (V2  h^r-)  a  sequestered 
grassy  terrace,  from  which  the  *"Waterfall  of  TJrach  takes  a  leap  of 
80  ft.  (To  reach  it  from  the  ruined  castle,  we  retrace  our  steps  for 
10  min.,  as  far  as  the  last  finger-post  'auf  die  Festung',  turn  to  the 
right,  reach  another  finger-post,  and  either  go  straight  on  to  the  top 
of  the  waterfall  or  take  the  path  to  the  right  leading  to  its  foot.) 
The  best  point  of  view  is  the  'Olga-Ruhe',  so  named  since  a  visit 
of  the  late  Queen  of  Wurtemberg.  The  up-trains  stop  if  desired  at 
the  entrance  to  this  valley.    Back  to  Urach,  1/2  hr. 

A  direct  footpath  (marked)  leads  from  Urach  to  Lichtenstein  in  4-5  hrs. 

From  Urach  we  may  go  by  railway  in  3/^  hr.  via  Metzinyen  (to  the 
E.  of  which  is  the  Floriansberg,  p.  36)  to  Reutlingen  (p.  36)  ;  but  it 
is  far  preferable  to  cross  the  hills  on  foot  (4  hrs.,  guide  not  indispens- 
able). On  our  return  from  the  waterfall,  we  turn  at  the  foot  of  the 
Runderberg  into  the  other  branch  of  the  side-valley,  to  Guterstein; 
then  a  steep  ascent  by  the  'Wasserweg'  to  a  well-house  beside  the 
remains  of  a  Carthusian  monastery  and  past  the  Vordere  Fohlenhof 
to  St.  Johann  (Schmid's  Inn.  fair)  ;  or  direct  thither  from  the  water- 
fall by  the  zigzag  path  to  the  right.  On  leaving  the  wood  at  the 
(1/2  lir.)  top  of  the  hill,  the  path  leads  straight  on  past  a  stone  hut 
called  the  Rutschenhof.  But  we  first  follow  the  slope  to  the  right 
as  far  as  the  boundary-stone ,  to  obtain  a  charming  view  of  the 
peaceful  valley,  with  Hohen-Urach,  Hohenneuffen,  and  Teck,  one 
of  the  finest  prospects  in  the  Swabian  Alb.  From  the  Rutschen- 
hof we  either  continue  our  route  straight  on,  or  we  follow  the  track 
to  the  left  and  then ,  by  the  corner  of  the  wood ,  the  road  to  the 
right,  to  the  (^2  l^r.)  Fohlenhof  above  mentioned.  Here  a  path 
diverges  to  the  right  (finger-post)  from  the  path  to  St.  Johann, 
and  leads  in  25  min.  to  the  *Griine  Felsen  ('green  rock' ;  2640  ft.), 
a  delightful  point  of  view.  We  then  retrace  our  steps  and  take 
the  good  road  to  the  right  leading  to  (20  min.)  St.  Johann.  From 


46     Route  11,  ACHALM.  Swalian  Alb. 

St.  Johann  a  good  road  (with  short-cuts)  descends  to  (1  ]xT.)Eningen 
(*Bazlen),  a  busy  market-town  at  the  foot  of  the  Achalm  (ascent 
3/4  hr.),  whence  the  railway  runs  in  6-8  min.  to  (I3/4  M.)  Reut- 
lingen  (p,  36). 

Fourth  Day.  From  Reutlingen  to  the  summit  of  the  *  Achalm 
(2312  ft.) ,  an  isolated  mountain ,  with  vineyards  and  orchards  at 
its  base.  About  halfway  up  is  a  royal  dairy  (rfmts.).  The  carriage- 
road  to  the  Achalm,  diverging  from  the  Metzingen  and  Urach  road, 
is  much  longer  than  the  footpath ,  by  which  the  summit  is  easily 
attained  in  l'/4  hr.  :  from  the  railway-station  we  ascend  the  Garten- 
Strasse  and  at  the  end  of  it  turn  to  the  left;  in  10  min.  we  reach 
the  foot  of  the  Achalm  and  the  path  passes  under  a  bridge ;  after 
8  min.  we  ascend  to  the  left  towards  the  dairy ;  after  7  min.  we  go 
straight  on,  avoiding  the  path  to  the  left,  and  reach  the  dairy  in  74^^' 
more  ;  thence  by  a  winding  path  to  the  summit  in  1/2  ^r.  On  the  sum- 
mit is  a  lofty  tower  with  a  huge  vane  (key  at  the  dairy;  40  pf.). 
Admirable  *View:  Tubingen  Castle,  Schloss  Lichtenstein,  the  Hohen- 
neuffen,  Rechberg,  Hohenstaufen,  and  other  peaks  of  the  Alb;  pictur- 
esque foreground;  below  us  lies  Reutlingen,  to  the  S.  Eningen. 

The  most  attractive  excursion  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Reut- 
lingen is  that  to  Schloss  Lichtenstein.  Railway  (p.  36)  to  (67.2  M.) 
Honau  in  38  min.,  to  (8  M.)  Lichtenstein  station  in  56  minutes.  — 
13/4  M.  Eningen^  IV4M.  from  the  village  at  the  foot  of  the  Achalm 
(see  above).  —  3  M.  Pfullingcn  (Ilirsch ;  Lamm),  a  town  of  5000 
inhab.,  with  Dr.  Flamm's  lunatic  asylum.  A  number  of  pleasant 
excursions  may  be  made  hence  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Echaz 
(good  paths  with  numerous  guide-posts) :  to  the  Vr sulab erg  {22Q0  ft.') 
above  PfuUingen;  to  the  Mddchenf els  {2b AO  it.)  and  Greifenstein 
(2083  ft.)  near  Holzelflngen;  and  to  the  rocky  ridge  extending  from 
the  Burgstein  (2400  ft.)  to  the  Traifelberg  (2607  ft.),  above  Honau. 
—  41/2  M.  PfuUingen  Paper  Mill;  b^jo  M.  Vnterhausen  Cotton  Mill; 
6  M.  Unterhausen  {^Adiei) :,  61/3  M.  Honau  (1722ft.;  Rossle).  Hence 
a  rack-and-pinion  railway  (gradient  1 :  10;  length  2300  yds.)  ascends 
the  Honauer  Steige  to  (8  M.)  Lichtenstein  (2310  ft.).  Continuation 
of  the  railway  to  MUnsingen,  see  p.  47. 

To  reach  Schloss  Lichtenstein  from  Honad  we  retrace  our  steps  for 
60  paces,  diverge  to  the  left  between  houses,  and  ascend  a  meadow;  after 
5  min.  we  enter  a  beech-wood  and  then  follow  a  new  zigzag  path  to 
0/2  hr.)  the  castle.  —  The  direct  route  from  Uxteehacsen  (see  above) 
leads  via  (5  min.)  Oberhausen  (Hirsch;  Krone)  and  ascends  to  the  right 
by  a  good  road  on  the  wooded  W.  slope ;  at  the  first  bifurcation  we  keep 
to  the  left;  after  1/2  hr.  we  leave  the  road  at  a  cutting  in  the  rock, 
ascend  a  few  steps  to  the  left,  and  after  8  min.  in  a  straight  direction 
reach  the  forester's  house  (refreshment*),  adjoining  the  entrance  to  the 
castle.  —  From  Lichtenstein  Station  (see  above)  the  route  leads  past  the 
'Schanze'  (beautiful  view)  and  through  the  Dobel  Tunnel ;  a  footpath  to  the 
right  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Dobel  ravine  then  leads  via  the  Old  Lichten- 
stein to  (3/4  hr.)  the  chateau  and  forester's  house. 

*Schloss  Lichtenstein  (2985  ft.),  or  the  ^Schldsschen\  a  chateau 
erected  in  1842  by  Count  Wilhelm  of  Wurtemberg  on  an  isolated 


SwahianAlb.  LICHTENSTEIN.  11.  Route.     47 

rock ,  850  ft.  above  the  Honau  valley,  is  one  of  the  most  attractive 
points  in  Swabia.  (Cards  of  admission  obtained  at  the  Dukeof  Urach's 
Palace,  Neckar-Str.  68,  in  Stuttgart;  the  chateau  is  closed  on  Whit- 
sunday and  Whitmonday.) 

The  castle  is  approached  by  a  draw-bridge,  by  which  a  cleft  in  the 
rock  is  crossed.  The  interior  is  tastefully  fitted  up  in  the  medigeval  style, 
and  adorned  with  a  number  of  fine  old  German  pictures  of  the  Swabian 
school,  by  Wohlgemut,  Holbein,  Schijn,  etc.  There  are  also  numerous  anti- 
quities, weapons,  and  suits  of  armour,  but  the  principal  attraction  is  the 
*View  obtained  from  the  lofty  tower  (129  ft.).  In  fine  weather,  to  the  S. 
beyond  the  plateau  of  the  Alb,  the  Swiss  andTyrolese  Alps  are  visible,  the 
Glarnisch,  Churfirsten,  Sentis,  Vorarlberg  Mts.,  and  Zugspitze;  to  theN.,  far 
below,  the  picturesque  green  IIonauer-Thal,  through  which  the  Echaz  and 
the  railway  wind;  beyond  it  the  Achalm  and  the  extensive  plain.  Even 
the  Konigsstuhl  at  Heidelberg  is  said  to  be  visible.  On  a  projecting  rock 
outside  the  chilteau  the  duke  has  erected  a  monument  to  the  novelist  HaufT 
(d.  1827),  by  whose  romance  the  old  castle  of  Lichtenstein  has  been  immor- 
talised. —  About  10  min.  to  the  S.  is  the  ruin  of  Old  Lichtmstein. 

The  Nebelhohle,  a  stalactite  grotto,  200  yds.  long  and  75  ft.  high,  3  M. 
1o  the  W.  of  Lichtenstein,  is  frequently  visited,  but  the  brilliancy  of  the 
stalactites  has  been  sullied  by  the  smoke  of  the  torches.  Adm.  40  pf. 
each  person,  guide  1  JI-,  each  torch  40  pf.,  Bengal  fire  50  pf.;  key  and 
guides  at  the  Hirsch  at  Oberhausen  (p.  46).  A  national  festival  is  held  here 
on  Whitmonday,  when  the  cavern  is  illuminated.  The  cavern  is  2V4  M.  from 
Oberhausen,  and  abmit  as  far  from  Lichtenstein.  The  path  to  the  latter 
runs  as  follows:  on  the  plateau,  5  min.  from  the  cave,  bear  to  the  left,  due 
S. ;  bear  to  the  left  again  at  the  cross-roads  after  5  min.  more;  5  min. 
farther  on,  a  field,  where  we  skirt  the  wood  to  the  right;  5  min.  more,  turn 
to  the  left,  and  cross  the  moor  to  a  group  of  trees  where  the  tower  comes 
into  view.     Descent  from  Lichtenstein  to  Honau  20  minutes. 

The  Olgahohle  at  Honau  is  smaller  than  the  Nebelhohle,  but  cleaner 
and  more  easily  accessible.  It  is  seen  to  advantage  by  electric  light  (40  pf. 
each  person).  —  About  10  min.  distant  is  the  Source  of  the  Echaz ^  with  the 
figure  of  a  nymph. 

The  Railway  to  Munsingen  proceeds  from  (8  M.)  Lichtenstein  (see  p.  46) 
across  the  plateau  of  the  Alb.  —  9V2  M.  Klein-Engstingen  is  the  starting- 
point  for  a  visit  to  the  Karlshohle,  near  Evpfingen,  3V4  M.  to  the  S.W., 
another  and  more  interesting  grotto,  the  stalactites  being  still  uninjured. 
Visitors  can  drive  to  the  entrance.  Some  of  the  stalactites  here  bear  a  strik- 
ing resemblance  to  Gothic  architecture,  others  to  human  figures,  etc.  — 11 1/2  M. 
Kohlstetten.  Near  (13V2  M.)  Ofenhansen,  where  there  is  a  stud-farm,  is  the 
source  of  the  Orosse  Lauter.  The  railway  descends  the  pretty  valley  of  the 
Lauter  to  (15  M.)  Oomadingen  and  (I6V2  M.)  Marbach ,  with  another  stud- 
farm.  Pleasant  walk  hence  through  the  Grosse  Lauterthal  to  (S  hrs.)  Un- 
iermarchthal,  see  p.  53.  —  The  line  now  ascends  to  the  N.E.  through  the 
Loldet-thal  and  Banmilml,  passing  Schlots  Grafeneck^  to  (21  M.)  Miinsingen 
(22li6  ft. ;  7/8725),  a  town  with  30;X)inLab.,  on  the  plateau  of  the  Alb,  li/vhr. 
to  the  S.  of  Seeburg  (p.  45).     Hence  to  the  Sc/imiechlhal,  see  p.  53. 

A  pleasant  walk  may  be  taken  to  the  W.  from  the  Nebelhohle  via 
Genkingen  to  the  (iVz  hr.)  top  of  the  *Rossberg  (28fi4  ft. ;  view-tower), 
commanding  a  beautiful  view  of  the  Alb.  the  Black  Forest,  and  the  Alps. 
We  may  descend  on  theN.  side  to  Gouningen,  at  the  foot  of  the  Stoffelberg 
(2400  ft.).  whence  a  road  runs  to  the 'S.  via  Bronnweiler  Ani  p&st  the  Kugel- 
berg  (1950  ft. ;  view)  and  Alleburghof  to  (2V2  hrs.)  BeuUmgen;  another  to 
the  W.  to  (2  hrs.)  Mossingen  or  Dusslingen  (see  p.  48). 

Evening  train  from  Reutlingen  to  Tubingen  [p.  36),  V2  ^^< 
Fifth  Day.    Visit  to  the  Hohenzollern,  etc.,  see  p.  48. 


48 

12.    From  Tiibingen  to  Hechingen  and  Sigmaringen. 

54  M.  Railway  in  31/4  bis.  (fares  7  Jl  10,  4  Jl  70  pf.,  3  jU).  —  Comp. 
2dap^  p.  42. 

Tubingen,  see  p.  36.  The  Hohenzollern  Railway  diverges  to 
the  left  at  the  station,  describes  a  wide  curve,  and  enters  the  Stein- 
lach-Thal,  noted  for  its  thriving  villages.  To  the  left  are  the  small 
Bldsibad  and  the  round  Blcisiberg,  with  an  old  chapel  of  St.  Blasius. 
The  Steinlach  is  crossed  near  (5  M.]  Dusslingen.  The  picturesque 
hills  of  the  Swahian  Alb  on  the  left  are  now  approached  :  the 
Rossberg  (p.  47),  the  broad -backed  Farrenberg,  and  the  pre- 
cipitous Dreifiirstenstein ;  in  the  background  the  Salmendinger 
Chapel.  Near  (10 M.)  Mossingen  the  Steinlach  is  again  crossed.  On 
a  hill  to  the  left  stands  the  ancient  Belsener  Chapel ;  to  the  right 
are  the  sulphur-baths  of  Sebastiansweiler. 

Mossingen  is  the  starting-point  for  visits  to  the  upper  Steinlach- Thai, 
the  Dreifiirstenstein  (2800  ft.;  11/4  hr.),  the  Salmendinger  Eapelle  (2hrs.),  the 
Eiedernberg  (2800  ft.),  and  the  Bolberg  (2890  ft. ;  21/2  trs.). 

Beyond  (13  M.)5oc?eis/iausen  the  train  crosses  the  Prussian  fron- 
tier. We  then  descend  to  — 

151/2  M.  Hechingen  (1640  ft. ;  *Linde  or  Post,  R.  1-1 1/2  J/,  B. 
60  pf.,  D.  1  J/  70  pf.,  pens.  3-31/2  J/,  omn.  40  pf. ;  omnibus  at 
the  station ;  carr.  and  pair  to  Hohenzollern  Castle  6  jjf  and  gratu- 
ity; Rad ;  Lowe,  nearest  the  station,  R.  1-1 V4  '^^,  B.  60  pf. ;  beer 
at  the  Museum),  formerly  the  residence  of  the  Princes  of  Hohenzol- 
lern-Hechingen,  but  acquired  by  Prussia  in  1850.  It  is  an  old  town 
with  3700  inhab..  situated  on  the  abrupt  slope  of  the  valley  of  the 
Starzel.  The  Parish  Church,  erected  in  1783,  contains  a  relief  by 
Peter  Vischer ,  representing  Count  Eitel  Friedrich  II.  of  Zollern 
(d.  1512)  and  his  wife  Magdalena  of  Brandenburg  (d.  1495).  A  foot- 
path to  the  left  at  this  church  leads  to  (1  hr.)  Hohenzollern.  The 
small  Protestant  Church  on  the  S.  side  of  the  town  (_1  M.  from  the 
station)  is  a  tasteful  modern  structure  in  the  pointed  style.  Oppo- 
site is  the  Villa  Eugenia,  with  gardens,  the  property  of  the  Prince. 
About  1  M.  farther  on  is  the  Brielhof  Inn  (see  below). 

A  road  passing  the  Martinsthurm  leads  to  the  W.  from  Hechingen  to 
(3  M.)  the  little  chateau  of  Lindich ,  with  a  park.  —  Pleasant  walks  to 
(2  hrs.)  the  Zeller  Horn,  Steiglerg,  and  Eangende  Stein. 

The  train  crosses  the  Starzel,  passes  Stetten  in  the  Gnaden-Thal, 
the  ancestral  burial-place  of  the  Zollern  family,  and  beyond  several 
cuttings  reaches  (19  M.)  Zollern  (1798  ft.;  *Brielhof,  V2  M.  from 
the  station ;  one-horse  carr.  to  the  castle  5,  two-horse  7  J^).  A 
good  road  (the  windings  of  which  are  avoided  by  short-cuts  following 
the  telegraph-posts)  leads  hence  to  the  (21/2  M.)  magnificent  castle 
of  *Hohenzollern  (2887  ft. ;  adm.  25  pf.)',  grandly  situated  on  an 
isolated  wooded  eminence  of  the  Alb.  It  was  erected  by  Frederick 
William  IV.  in  1850-55  as  a  royal  chateau,  and  completed  in  1867. 
The  bold  and  skilful  construction  is  as  remarkable  as  the  situation. 

The  old  castle  which  occupied  this  site  was  destroyed  in  1423  and  repeat- 
edly restored  (the  last  time  in  1554),  but  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  cen- 


HOHENZOLLERN. 


12.  Route.    49 


tury  little  of  it  remained  except  the  chapel.  An  inscription  over  the  'Adler- 
thor'  (Pl.l)  alludes  to  the  history  of  the  edifice  ;  above  it  is  the  Prussian  eagle ; 
below  it  an  equestrian  figure  representing  the  Elector  Frederick  I.  Passing 
through  the  Adlerthor,  the  visitor  enters  the  '■  Rampenthurm,\  within  the  nar- 
row limits  of  which  three  bold  and  ingeniously  contrived  curves  and  a  wind- 
ing tunnel  lead  to  the  gate-tower  situated  75  ft.  higher.  The  balustrade  above 
the  entrance  to  the  tunnel  is  adorned  with  two  men-at-arms  in  stone.  The 
summit  of  the  precipitous  rock  is  enclosed,  in  accordance  with  the  ancient 
plan  of  the  castle,  by  walls  45-65  ft.  in  height,  in  the  form  of  a  heptagon, 
and  provided  with  bastions  and  corner-turrets.  Within  this  enclosure  stands 
the  modern  castle,  a  winged  edifice  with  five  towers,  two  of  which  rise 
to  a  height  of  120  ft.  above  the  external  walls.  The  two  lowest  of  the 
five  stories  of  the  building  are  vaulted  and  designed  for  purposes  of  de- 
fence. The  towers  are  adorned  with  the  arms  of  the  Zollern  family.  On 
the  tower  of  St.  Michael,  above  the  balcony  of  the  apartments  of  the  Em- 


press/is  a  representation  of  St.  Michael  and  the  Dragon  in  bronze.  The 
style  of  the  entire  structure  is  that  of  the  latter  part  of  the  14th  cent., 
which  has  been  strictly  adhered  to,  notwithstanding  the  serious  difficulties 
encountered  in  constructing  the  approach  to  the  castle  and  providing  it 
with  fortifications.     The  garrison  consists  of  a  company  of  infantry.    « 

To  the  left  in  the  upper  Burghof  is  the  Burggarten.,  adorned  with  a 
bronze  statue  of  Fred.  William  IV.  beneath  a  Gothic  canopy  (PI.  4).  Op- 
posite, to  the  right,  is  the  Wehrhaus,  or  barrack,  containing  a  restaurant. 
Adjoining  it  is  the  Protestant  Chapel  (PI.  3),  in  the  Gothic  style.  To  the 
left  (S.)  rises  the  MichaeUthurm  with  the  relief  -  portraits  and  armorial 
bearings  of  the  different  lords  of  the  castle.  To  the  E.  of  it,  in  the  di- 
rection of  the  garden,  is  the  Roman  Catholic  Chapel  of  St.  Michael  (PI.  14). 
In  the  centre  of  the  quadrangle  rises   the  noble  Konig.'^linde. 

A  lofty  flight  of  steps  (PI.  5)  by  the  Wehrhaus,  adorned  with  a  statue 
of  the  Count  Zollern  who  rebuilt  the  castle  in  1454,  leads  to  the  apart- 
ments of  the  interior.  The  Stammhattm- Halle  (PI.  6),  containing  genealogical 
trees,  coats-of-arms,  etc.,  is  first  entered.  Then  the  sumptuous  "Gra/en- 
saal  (PI.  7),  in  the  Gothic  style,  borne  by  eight  columns  of  red  marble,  and 
overladen  with  gilding  and  painting.  On  the  right  of  this  saloon  is  the 
Kaiserhalle  (PI.  8),  borne  by  a  central  pillar,  embellished  with  eight 
painted  statues  of  German  emperors  by  the  windows ;  opposite  it ,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  hall,  is  the  Bischofshalle  (PI.  9),  with  two  statues  and 
28  medallion-portraits  of  prelates  of  the  house  of  Zollern.     Adjoining  the 

Baedekee's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  4 


50    Route  12.  EBINGEN.  From  Tubingen 

Gi'afensaal  on  the  W.  is  the  Library  (PI.  10),  a  low  apartment  with  carved 
bookcases  and  ^Frescoes  by  Peters  illustrative  of  the  history  of  the  castle. 
From  the  library  we  proceed  to  the  right  to  the  Markgrafenthurm  (PI.  11), 
which  contains  the  sitting-room  and  bedroom  of  the  emperor,  while  to  the 
left  are  the  apartments  of  the  empress  (PI.  12)  in  the  Michaelsthurm.  The 
Roman  Catholic  Church  of  St.  Michael  is  the  only  part  of  the  earlier  structure 
now  in  existence.  It  contains  some  interesting  stained  glass  from  the 
monastery  of  Stetten. 

Another  attraction  is  the  very  extensive  view  from  the  balcony  out- 
side the  Bischofshalle.  It  embraces  the  green  hills  of  Swabia ;  W.  the 
towns  of  Balingen  and  Rottweil ;  beyond  them  the  Black  Forest,  with  the 
Feldberg,  its  chief  mountain ;  S.W.  the  Jura  5  S.  and  E.,  in  the  immediate 
vicinity,  the  wooded  slopes  of  the  Alb. 

A  little  farther  to  the  E.  rises  the  Zellerhornle .,  a  spur  of  the  Alb 
plateau,  210  ft.  higher  than  the  Hohenzollern.  A  pleasant  path  leads  to 
the  E.  along  the  Trauf,  as  the  crest  of  the  wooded  hill  is  called,  in  2V2  hrs. 
to  Jungingen  (*Post)  or  Starzeln  (*Hofle),  on  the  high-road  to  Gamertingen 
and  (22  M.)  Sigmavingen.  —  Another  attractive  route  leads  from  the  Zeller- 
hornle  to  (6  hrs.)  Laufen  on  the  Eyaeh  (see  below),  via  the  Zolhr  Steighof, 
Blasenberg,  Stich,  Hundsruck,  ZUlhausen,  the  Bollatfels  (3018  ft.),  Burgfelden 
(with  an  old  Romanesque  church  and  mural  paintings  of  the  11th  cent.), 
and  Schalkshurg  (see  below). 

The  Zollern  long  remains  in  sight.  —  2I72  M.  Bisingen;  24  M. 
Engstlatt  (interesting  painting  of  the  Ulm  school  in  the  church), 
whence  the  Hundsriick  (3064=  ft.  ;  sub-alpine  flora)  may  be  ascended, 
—  26  m.  Balingen  (Schwan;  Roller)^  a  manufacturing  town  on  the 
Eyach,  with  sulphur-baths. 

An  attractive  excursion  may  be  made  hence  to  the  (2  hra.)  Lochenatein 
(3153  ft. ;  splendid  view),  an  ancient  pagan  place  of  sacrifice ;  and  thence 
via  the  Schafberg  (with  the  ruin  of  Wenzelstein;  rock-chasms,  etc.)  down 
to  the  Waldhaushof  for  the  (IV2  hr.)  ascent  of  the  Pleitenberg  (3293  ft.). 

The  line  now  turns  to  the  S.E.  and  enters  the  highest  part  of  the 
Swabian  Alb.  To  the  right  rise  the  PLettenberg,  the  Schafberg,  and 
the  bold  Lochenstein  (see  above).  At  (29  M.)  Frommern  begins  the 
hilly  part  of  the  railway,  the  gradients  varying  from  1 :  60  to  1  :  45. 
To  the  right  of  (31  M.)  Laufen  an  der  Eyach  are  the  Eyachhornle 
(3132  ft.;  attractive  ascent  in  IY4  hr.),  Grat,  and  Grdblensberg,  to 
the  left  the  rock  of  Schalksburg  (with  a  ruined  castle  of  the  Zollern 
family).  The  train  passes  through  a  cutting  in  the  rock,  with  the 
Thitrberg  on  the  right  and  the  Heersberg  on  the  left.  Beyond 
(331/2  M.)  Lautlingen  the  line  enters  another  amphitheatre  of  hills 
and  soon  reaches  its  highest  point  (2420  ft.),  the  watershed  between 
the  Rhine  and  the  Danube.  It  then  descends  gradually  to  — 

37  M.  Ebingen  (2395  ft. ;  Schiff;  Post ;  Adler;  Stern),  an  ancient 
industrial  town,  prettily  situated  among  hills.  The  tower  on  the 
Schlossfels€n{^i12 it. ;  good  path,  ^^hr.)  commands  a  superb  survey 
of  the  Alps  from  the  Zugspitze  to  the  Bernese  Oberland.  The  train 
descends  the  winding  Schmeien-Thal  and  crosses  the  Prussian  fron- 
tier. 41  M.  Strassberg ;  on  a  bold  rock  to  the  left  is  the  chateau  of 
that  name.  Below  Strassberg  the  valley  is  wild  and  impracticable, 
and  presented  great  engineering  difficulties  (19  bridges  and  count- 
less cuttings).  43  M.  Kaiseringen ;  45  M.  Storzingen.  The  train 
passes  through  several  defiles  (the  'Drei  Burgen',  'Hexen-Kuche', 


to  Sigmaringen.  SIGMARINGEN.  12.  Route.     51 

'Bettel-Kuche').  Beyond  (481/2  M.)  Oberschmeien  (1945  ft. ;  3/^  M. 
to  the  E.  is  the  Fiirstenhohe,  with  fine  view)  the  line  is  carried 
through  another  defile  and  two  tunnels,  and  beyond  the  ruins  of 
Gebrochen-Gutenstein  enters  the  valley  of  the  Danube. 

50  M.  Inziykofen  (Kreuz ;  Erbprinz),  with  a  beautiful  park  on 
the  steep  and  wooded  S.  bank  of  the  Danube,  rendered  accessible 
by  flights  of  steps,  and  containing  several  natural  grottoes.  The 
Danube  flows  so  slowly  here  as  to  resemble  a  small  lake.  The  walk 
by  Laiz  (Inn)  to  (3/4  hr.)  Sigmaringen  (see  below)  is  also  inter- 
esting. 

Sigmaringen  now  comes  in  sight.  The  train  runs  direct  towards 
the  Miihlberg  (p.  52),  passes  through  a  cutting,  crosses  the  Danube, 
and  reaches  — 

54  M.  Sigmaringen  (1860  ft.;  *Deutsches  Eaus,  R.  IV2  ^^,  B. 
60  pf. ;  *Ldwe,  R.  1-1 V^  D.  11/2-'^/,  B.  60  pf. ;  *Kronprinz ;  Traube, 
R.  1-2,  B.  1/25  pens.  1^1'i-^Ji ;  Adler,  moderate),  a  handsome  little 
town  with  4200  inhab.,  the  residence  of  Prince  HohenzoUern,  and 
seat  of  the  Prussian  administrative  authorities,  recently  embellished 
with  new  streets  and  promenades. 

The  handsome  Schloss,  on  a  rock  rising  abruptly  from  the  Da- 
nube, contains  a  *Museum,  chiefly  formed  by  Prince  Karl  Anton 
(d.  1885),  and  surpassing  most  collections  of  the  kind  both  in  ex- 
tent and  choiceness.  It  is  admirably  arranged  in  the  Kunsthalle, 
a  fine  Gothic  hall,  with  frescoes  by  Miiller  of  Diisseldorf,  and  in 
two  cabinets.  Excellent  catalogues  by  Hofrath  Lehner.  The  Mu- 
seum is  open  daily  (festivals  excepted)  from  10  to  12  and  2  to  4; 
admission  40  pf. 

The  CoLLKCTioN  OF  Pictures  (230  works)  chiefly  illustrates  the  early 
German  school,  the  Swabian  masters  being  particularly  well  represented. 
Nos.  ■'Sl-SG.  Wings  of  a  large  altar-piece:  Annunciation,  Nativity,  Circum- 
cision of  Christ ,  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  and  the  Procession  to  Calvary, 
by  M.  Schaffner;  *132-139.  Scenes  from  the  life  of  the  Virgin,  by  Bm-th. 
Zeitblom;  158-164.  Seven  scenes  from  the  history  of  the  Virgin,  by  Hans 
Schiilein  (three  masters  of  Ulm,  15-16th  cent.)  ;  3.  Altdorfei%  Adoration  of  the 
Magi;  *Ambevger{'!),  Portraits  of  a  man  and  woman.  The  Lower  Rhenish 
School,  especially  that  of  Cologne,  is  also  numerously  represented  (e.g.  *91. 
B.  Bruyn,  Crucifixion,  in  an  appropriate  landscape).  The  best  of  the  early- 
Flemish  works  are:  '2  and  4.  Annunciation,  by  Gerard  David;  5.  Herri 
met  de  Bles,  Adoration  of  the  Magi;  29.  Virgin  Mary,  with  a  background 
of  tapestry,  and  *38.  Virgin  Mary,  in  a  landscape,  by  Rogier  van  der  Wey- 
den{'i)\,  61.  Gerritt  van  Haarlem,  Crucifixion;  129.  Lucas  van  Leyden,  Ador- 
ation of  the  Magi.  —  The  other  sections  of  the  museum  contain  specimens 
of  mediseval  and  Renaissance  carved  work  (statuettes,  reliefs,  furniture), 
metal-work,  jewelry,  textile  works,  including  Gobelins  of  the  14th  and  15th 
cent.,  glasses,  enamels,  and  a  rich  collection  of  Italian  majolica,  French 
porcelain,  and  Dutch,  Rhenish,  and  Swiss  pottery.  —  In  the  upper  rooms 
is  an  extensive  Palaeontological  Collection  (2000  objects). 

The  Library,  with  its  valuable  books,  incunabula,  and  MSS., 
the  Armoury,  and  the  other  richly  furnished  rooms  of  the  palace 
are  also  worth  seeing. 

In  front  of  the  Schlossis  3L*Statueof  Prince  Karl  Anton  (d.  1885), 
by  Donndorf.    In  the  Karls-Platz  is  the  Prinzenbau  (now  the  resi- 

4* 


52     Route  12.  BEURON. 

dence  of  the  Prince),  in  front  of  whicli  is  a  colossal  bronze  bust  of 
Prince  Karl  (d.  1853),  erected  in  1869. 

On  the  Brenzko/er  Berg  (V2  hr.) ,  on  the  opposite  (N.)  bank  of  the 
Danube,  is  the  War  Monument^  in  memory  of  the  Hohenzollerns  who  fell  in 
the  campaigns  of  1866  and  1870-71.  It  represents  Germania,  on  a  lofty 
pedestal,  holding  an  oak-wreath.  The  platform  commands  a  charming  view 
of  the  town  and  environs,  with  the  distant  Alps.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill, 
1/2  M.  to  the  W.,  is  the  Zollerhof,  a  favourite  restaurant,  with  a  garden; 
and  near  it  stands  the  pretty  Villa  Leibbrand  with  beautiful  grounds  (open 
to  visitors).  —  The  Muhlberg  (easy  path  to  the  summit)  is  another  fine 
point  of  view. 

Fkom  Sigmaringen  to  Tuttlingen,  26V/2  M.,  railway  via  the  pictur- 
esque winding  *Valley  of  the  Danube,  which  will  even  repay  pedestrians 
(to  Beuron  6  hrs.,  thence  to  Tuttlingen  4  hrs.).  —  31/2  M.  Inzigkofm  (p.  51). 
The  line  crosses  the  Schmeie  and  the  Danube,  passes  the  ruin  of  Dietfuri, 
situated  on  a  rock,  and  beyond  a  short  tunnel  reaches  (6  M.)  Gutenstein 
(Sonne),  a  picturesque  village  with  a  half-ruined  chateau.  Above  the 
Danube  tower  the  rocks  of  Rabenfels  and  Heidenfels.  Traversing  another 
tunnel  (300  yds.  long)  the  train  halts  at  (IO1/2M.)  Thiergarten  {'B.&mm.Qv)^  with 
disused  iron-works-,  and  then,  beyond  the  ruin  of  i^«U*e«siem  (on  the  right) 
and  the  village  of  Neidingen,  at  (11 V2  M.)  Hansen  im  Thai  (*Steinhaus; 
beer  at  the  Adler),  with  a  lofty  ruin  near  it.  In  front  rises  the  conspicuous 
old  chateau  of  Werenwag,  the  property  of  Prince  Fiirstenberg,  a  splendid 
point  of  view  (fine  echo;  *Inn  at  the  top).  At  the  foot  of  the  castle-rock 
lies  the  hamlet  of  Langenbrunn.  The  railway  leads  through  a  narrow  and 
romantic  part  of  the  valley  and  pierces  the  Kdpfle  Tunnel  (200  yds.),  beyond 
which,  on  the  left,  is  seen  the  handsome  castle  of  Wildenstein  (now  used 
as  a  forester's  house),  with  interesting  defensive  works,  partly  hewn  in 
the  rock.  The  line  follows  the  windings  of  the  Danube.  To  the  right, 
on  the  high-road,  is  the  pretty  Chapel  of  St.  ifaurus,  erected  in  1868-71; 
and  close  to  it,  on  the  left,  lies  the  dairy-farm  of  St.  Maurus  im  Pels. 

151/2  M.  Beuron  (2050  ft. ;  Pelikan;  Stern;  Sonne).,  a  charmingly  situated 
village,  contains  an  old  Benedictine  monastery,  founded  in  the  11th  cent., 
suppressed  in  1876,  and  now  a  school  of  art.  The  handsome  church 
(restored  1874-75)  contains  fine  ceiling-paintings  by  Wegscheider.  A  foot- 
path to  the  left  in  the  neighbouring  wood  leads  to  the  (20  min.)  Petershohle., 
a  spacious  grotto  entered  by  wooden  steps. 

Beyond  Beuron  the  railway  ascends  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube, 
then  diverges  to  the  right  through  a  tunnel  (750  yds.)  to  (18  M.)  Fridingen., 
1  M.  to  the  N.  of  the  little  town  of  that  name  (Sonne;  Bar  ;  Lowe).  Round-, 
ing  a  mountain-ridge,  whence  the  ruined  pilgrimage-church  of  Mariahilf 
looks  down,  we  reach  (21  M.)  Miihlheim.  The  town  (Krone;  Hirsch,  etc.) 
is  picturesquely  situated  on  an  eminence  to  the  left,  with  a  chateau  of 
Baron  Enzberg.  Numerous  Roman  remains  have  been  discovered  near 
the  station. 

Beyond  (23  M.)  Nendingen,  a  considerable  village  with  an  elegant  new 
church  and  the  ancient  chapel  of  St.  Blasius,  and  the  royal  foundry  of 
Ludwigsthal.,  the  train  passes  through  a  deep  cutting  and  crosses  the  Danube 
to  (261/2  M.)  Tuttlingen  (see  p.  41).    Hence  to  (6  M.)  Immendingen,  see  R.  10. 

From  Sigmaringen  to   Iflm  and  Radol/zell,  see  below. 

13.  From  TJlm  to  Radolfzell  and  Constance. 

Railwat  from  Ulm  to  (86  M.)  Radol/zell  in  61/4-71/2  hrs.  (fares  11  Ji  30, 
7  JJ  50,    i  J(  90  pf.);   from  Radolfzell  to  (12V2  M.)  Constance  in  1/2-3/4  hr. 

Vim,  see  p.  32.  The  line  diverges  to  the  left  from  the  Stutt- 
gart railway  (R.  12)  and  at  (II/4  M.)  Soflingen  enters  the  smiling 
valley  of  the  Blau.  On  the  left,  near  (4'/2  M.)  Herrlingen,  lies 
Klingenstein,  with  a  chateau  of  Dr.  Leube.    From  Herrlingen  a 


BLAUBEUREN.  13.  Route.     53 

pleasant  excursion  leads  via  Schloss  Ober-Herrlingen  to  (1  lir.) 
Lantern.  The  weather-beaten  rock  protrudes  at  various  points  in 
fantastic  forms  from  the  wooded  sides  of  the  valley.  On  the  right 
the  ruined  castle  of  Hohe-G erhausen  or  Busenschloss ;  opposite  to  it 
the  rock  of  Rucken.    The  train  crosses  the  Blau. 

10  M.  Blaubeuren  (*Post;  Ochs),  an  old.  town  with  2950  inhab., 
lying  picturesquely  in  a  basin.  The  *Blautopf,  a  deep,  pale-bine 
pool,  just  above  the  town,  is  the  source  of  the  Blau.  Beside  it  is  a 
monument  to  King  Charles.  The  late-Gothic  church  of  the  old 
Benedictine  Abbey^  now  a  theological  seminary,  contains  choir-stalls, 
carved  by  Jorg  Syrlin  the  Younger  (1493),  a  fine  and  richly  carved 
high-altar,  with  statues  by  the  same  master,  and  paintings  (history 
of  John  the  Baptist)  of  the  Swabian  school. 

At  Blaubeuren  is  situated  one  of  the  pumping-stations  of  the  Alb  Water 
Works  ( Albwasserverso/'gnng)^  constructed  under  the  direction  of  the  late 
Dr.  von  Ehmann  since  1870,  which  extend  over  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
Rauhe  Alb  and  supply  drinking-water  to  the  numerous  communities  situated 
on  its  arid  plateau.  The  water  is  pumped  up  through  cast-iron  pipes  from 
springs  lying  nearly  700  ft.  below  the  level  of  the  plateau,  while  the  motive 
power  is  ad'orded  by  a  few  small  tributary-brooks  of  the  Xeckar  and  the 
Danube,  assisted  only  slightly  by  steam-power.  There  is  another  pumping- 
station  at  Eybach  near  Geislingen  (p.  31),  which  may  be  conveniently 
visited  by  tourists. 

Tourists  who  desire  to  explore  the  Rauhe  Alb  may  follow  the  somewhat 
monotonous  route  from  Blaubeuren  to  (22'/2  M.)  Urach,  via  Suppingen, 
Feldstdtten  (*Post),  Zainingen.,  and  Bohringen  (Hirsch). 

The  line  leads  through  the  valley  of  the  Aach,  passing  iheHohle- 
fels  (on  the  left),  a  prehistoric  habitation,  to  (14  M.)  Schelklingen, 
with  a  ruined  castle,  1  M.  to  the  N.W.  of  which  is  the  prettily 
situated  former  nunnery  of  Urspring.  At  (14'/2  M.)  Sehmiechen  the 
line  enters  the  Schmiechthal. 

Pleasant  expedition  in  the  upper  Schmiechthal  via  (3/4  hr.)  Thai- 
steusslingen  (with  the  ruin  of  Steiisslingen  above,  to  the  left)  to  (I/4  hr.) 
Hiitlen,  at  the  mouth  of  the  wild  Bcirenthal;  and  thence  past  the  ruin  of 
Justingen  (on  the  right)  via  Gundershofen  to  (^4  hr.)  Springen,  at  the  head 
of  the  valley.  A  road  leads  hence  in  2  hrs.  to  Miinsingen  (p.  47),  via 
Mehrstetlcn.     Railway  from  Sehmiechen  to  Miinsingen  proposed. 

17  M.  AUmendingen.  —  2O1/2  M.  Ehingen  (Wiirttemberger  Hof, 
at  the  station;  Kreuz;  Kronprinz;  Traube) ,  an  old  town  with 
4100  inhab.,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Schmiech  and  the  Danube. 
The  Church  of  St.  Blasius,  in  a  debased  style,  has  an  old  Gothic 
tower.  The  Kaiser -Wilhelms-Thurm  on  the  Wolfert  commands  a 
fine  view. 

The  line  traverses  the  broad  valley  of  the  winding  Danube. 
23  M.  Dettingen;  251/2  M.  Rottenacker;  28  M.  Munderkingen,  an 
ancient  little  town  encircled  by  the  river.  The  new  bridge  over  the 
Danube  here  has  the  largest  stone-arch  in  Germany  (164  ft.).  — 
30  M.  Untermarchthal,  below  the  romantic  ravine  of  the  Grosse 
Lauter. 

Pleasant  excursion  in  the  "Grosse  Lauterthal,  with  its  numerous  ruined 
castles,  via  (1  hr.)  Lauterach,  (\j  hr.)  Wolfsthal.,  and  (1/4  \xtS)  Laufenmiihle^ 
with  the  ruin  of  Eeicheiistein,   to  (^/i  hr.)  Unterwilzingen ;   and   thence  past 


54     Route  13.  MENGEN.  From  Vim 

the  ruins  of  Non&berg  and  Wartstein  (on  the  right),  Maisenburg  (left),  and 
Schiilzhurg  (right)  to  (3/4  hr.)  Anhausen.  Farther  np  are:  1/4  hr.  Indel- 
hausen,  with  the  ruins  of  Athayingen  and  the  Gerhershohle ;  ^jilnT.  Weiler, 
with  the  Bettelmannshohle ;  then  past  the  ruin  of  Derneck  (on  the  left)  to 
(•/z  hr.)  Gundelfingen.  with  two  ruins.  1/2  hr.  Bichishausen ;  ^/2hv.  Hunder- 
singen  (ruins  at  both) ;  1/2  l""-  Butienhaufen  (road  hence  to  the  N.  in  I1/4  hr. 
to  Miinsingen,  p.  47):  1  hr.  Wasserstetten;  then  past  Schloss  Qrafeneck  (on 
the  right)  to  (V2  hr.)  Marbach,  a  station  on  the  railway  between  Miin- 
singen and  Reutlingen  (p.  47). 

Farther  on  are  the  imposing  buildings  of  the  old  monastery 
of  Obermarchthal,  the  property  of  the  Prince  of  Thurn  and  Taxis. 
32  m.  Rechtenstein,  with  the  ruined  castle  of  the  Steins  of  Rechten- 
stein,  is  the  prettiest  point  on  the  railway.  The  train  crosses  to 
the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  and  recrosses  the  river  both  before 
and  beyond  (851/2  M.)  Zwiefaltendorf,  with  a  fine  stalactite  cavern, 
discovered  in  1891. 

A  road  ascends  the  Aachthal  hence  to  (1  hr.)  Zwiefalten,  a  former 
convent  (now  a  lunatic  asylum),  with  a  fine  church.  Thence  to  the 
Wimsener  Hohe^  ^/i  hr. ;  via  Count  Normann's  chateau  of  Ehrenfels  and 
the  ruin  of  Old  Ehrenfels  to  the  romantic  Olasthal,  IY2  hr. 

38Y2  M.  Unlingen.  The  village  lies  to  the  left,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Bussen  (see  below").  —  40  M.  Riedlingen  (Post),  a  small  and  an- 
cient town  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  3/^  M.  from  the  railway. 

Pleasant  excursion  (2  hrs.  via  Unlingen  to  the  E. ;  also  carriage-road) 
hence  to  the  top  of  the  *Bussen  (2515  ft.),  an  isolated  hill  rising  from  the 
upper  Swabian  plain,  and  commanding  a  view  of  the  whole  of  Upper 
Swabia  and  of  the  Alps.  On  the  hill  is  a  pilgrimage-church,  at  its  base 
the  Federsee. 

44  M.  Ertingen,  with  a  castle  of  the  Prince  of  Thurn  and  Taxis. 
47  M.  Herbertingen.  Opposite  is  the  Donauheiinehurg,  near  Thal- 
hof;  farther  to  the  W,  are  other  Huns'  forts  ('Heuneburgen')  at 
Pflummern,  Lang  enen  sling  en,  and  Eeudcrf. 

From  Herbertingen  to  Memmingen,  62  M.  (railway  in  374-4  hrs.).  Sta- 
tions :  5'/2  M.  Saulgau,  a  little  town  with  an  interesting  Gothic  Church  •,  8  M. 
Hochberg;  12  M.  Altshausen  (to  Pfullingen  and  Schwakenreute,  see  below); 
15  M.  Steinenbach;  17V2  Aulendorf  (p.  34),  junction  of  the  Ulm-Friedrichs- 
hafen  line;  23  M.  Waldsee ,  prettily  situated  between  two  lakes,  with  a 
Schloss  and  a  15th  cent.  Gothic  church;  28  M.  Rossberg;  32  M.  Wolf  egg, 
with  the  Schloss  of  Prince  Waldburg-Wolfegg;  36V2  M.  Kissleg  (Post), 
with  two  interesting  old  castles  and  a  remarkable  rococo  church  (branch- 
line  to  Wangen  and  Hergatz,  p.  200).  —  48  M.  Leutkirch,  a  busy  town  with 
3160  inhabitants.  [Branch-line  hence  to  (10  M.)  Isny,  capital  of  a  Wurtem- 
berg  district  of  that  name,  prettily  situated  on  the  Argen.  A  fine  carved 
altar  in  the  Prot.  church  of  St.  Nicholas.  The  *Schwai'ze  Grat,  2  hrs.  to  the 
E.,  commands  a  splendid  view  of  the  Alps  and  Lake  of  Constance.]  Pretty 
scenery,  but  unimportant  stations  :  Unterzeit,  Aichstetten,  Marstetten-Aitrach, 
Mooshausen,  Thannheim ;  59V2  M.  Buxheim,  once  a  Carthusian  monastery,  now 
a  chateau  of  Count  Waldbott-Bassenheim.  —  62  M.  Memmingen,  see  p.  83. 

51  M.  Mengen  (Siegerist ;  Rail.  Restaurant),  on  the  Ablach. 

From  Mengen  to  Sigmaringen,  6  M.  (railway  in  24min.).  Near  (2^/2  M.) 
Scheer  the  train  passes  through  a  short  tunnel  and  crosses  to  the  left 
bank  of  the  Danube.  41/2  M.  Sigmaringendorf.  Then  past  the  mouth  of 
the  Lauchert,  and  via  Stetten,  Mariaberg,  Gammeriingen^  Veringen,  etc.,  finally 
recrossing  the  river.  —  6  M.  Sigmaringen  (see  p.  54). 

The  line  follows  the  Ablach-Thal.  54.M.  Zielfingen.  561/2  M. 
Krauchenwies  (*Goldner  Adler) ,  with  an  old  castle ,  the  summer- 


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to  Constance.  CONSTANCE.  13.  Route.     55 

residence  of  thePrince  of  Holienzollern  ;  interesting  erratic  toulders 
on  the  Andelsbnch,  in  the  park.  (Brancli-line  to  Sigmaring en  via  Jo- 
sephslust, b^/2M. ,m2Amm.')  —  59 M.  Obggingen ;  61  M.  Menningen. 

63  M.  Messkirch  (*Ldwe ;  Adler ;  Sonne),  a  considerable  little 
town,  with  a  chateau  of  Prince  Fiirstenberg.  A  monnment  has  been 
erected  to  Konradin  Kreutzer,  the  composer,  born  here  in  1782. 
The  old  church  contains  an  altar-piece  by  H.  Schaufelein  (?)  and 
monuments  of  the  16th  cent,  (epitaph  of  Count  von  Zimbern  by 
Labenwolf).  Traces  of  a  Roman  settlement  have  been  found  in 
the  old  town.  —  641/2  M.  Bichtlingen;  661/2  M.  Sauldorf ;  69  M. 
Schwakenreute. 

From  Schwakenredte  to  Adlendorf,  30  M.  (railway  in  2-3  hrs.)-  3  M. 
Smtenhart ;  71/2  M.  Aach-Linz ;  10  M.  PfulUndorf  (Schwan;  Restaurant  in  the 
Rother  Ochs),  a  very  ancient  town  (charming  excursion  to  Heiligenhevg^ 
see  p.  58;  2^/4  hrs.;  diligence  IV2,  carriage  12  J()-  Stations  Burgweiler, 
Ostrac/i,  Hosskivch-Konigsegg  (I1/2  M.  to  the  S.E.  is  the  partly  preserved 
castle  of  Konigsegg)^  Kreenried,  and  (25'/2  31.)  Altthaasen,  junction  of  the 
Herbertingen  and  Aulendorf  line  (p.  54). 

At  (71  M.)  Muhlingen  we  enter  the  wooded  ravine  of  the 
Stockach.  73  M.  Zizenhausen ;  76  M.  Stockach  (Krone;  Post),  pret- 
tily situated,  near  which  the  French  under  Jourdan  were  defeated 
by  Archduke  Charles  in  1799;  fine  view  from  the  (V2  tr.)  ruin  of 
Nellenburg.  Then  through  smiling  green  valleys ,  by  Nenzingen, 
Wahlwies,  and  Stahringen,  to  (86  M.)  Radolfzell  (*Schiff;  Krone; 
Sonne),  an  old  town  on  the  Unter-See,  with  a  Gothic  church  of  1436, 
where  the  line  unites  with  the  Bale  and  Constance  railway.  Near 
it,  on  the  lake,  is  the  Villa  Seehalde,  with  a  monument  to  its  former 
proprietor,  the  poet  Victor  von  Scheffel  (d.  1886). 

The  railway  from  Radolfzell  to  Constance  intersects  the  neck  of 
land  between  the  Unter-See  and  the  Veberlinger  See  (p.  57),  and 
passes  stations  Markelfingen,  Allensbach,  and  Reichenau.  On  the 
island  of  Reichenau  in  the  Unter-See  (visible  from  the  train)  are 
the  buildings  of  a  Benedictine  abbey,  which  was  suppressed  in 
1799  (see  Baedeker's  Switzerland).  The  island  is  joined  with  the 
mainland  on  the  E.  by  a  dyke.  The  train  crosses  the  Rhine  by  an 
iron  bridge,  adorned  with  statues. 

121/2 M.  Constance.  —  Hotels.  *Insel-H6tel  (PI.  a;  C,  3),  in  the  old 
Dominican  monastery,  with  garden  and  view  of  the  lake,  R.,  L.  &  A.  3-6, 
pens.  1-iOJf;  Halm  (PI.  c:  C,  5).  opposite  the  station,  R.  2-3.  B.  1,  D.  3, 
pens.  1-8  J(;  ^Hecht  (PI.  d;  C,  4j,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  3,  B.  1,  D.  3  Jl ;  =Schone- 
BECK  (PI.  e;  C,  5),  opposite  the  station,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  2-21/2,  B.  1,  D.  2V2, 
pens,  from  6  Jl ;  "Badischer  Hof  (PI.  f;  A,  5);  *Keone  (PI.  g;  C,  4), 
Anker,  Schiff,  Falke,  Barbarossa,  Bodan,  Lamm,  *Schnetzer,  second 
class,  moderate  charges.  —  Restaurants.  "Schonebeck,  see  above,  Victoria 
(beer),  both  opposite  the  station;  Engler''sBiergavten,  near  the  public  park; 
Cafi  Maximilian,  Bahnhof-Strasse. 

Post  Office  (PI.  7;  C,  4),  near  the  station.  —  Batht  in  the  lake  (PI.  D, 
4,  5),  well  fitted  up  (bath  40  pf. ;  ferry  10  pf).  —  English  Church  Service 
in  summer.  —  The  former  Comtamer  Hof  (PI.  U,  1),  on  the  lake,  is  now 
an  Institute  for  Nervous  Patients  (Dr.  G.  Fischer). 

Constance  (1335  ft.),  a  free  town  until  1548,  after  the  Reform- 
ation subject  to  Austria,  and  since  the  Peace  ofPressburg  in  1805 


56     Route  13.  CONSTANCE. 

a  town  of  Baden,  has  now  only  17,000  inhab.,  though  it  once  num- 
bered 40,000.  It  is  situated  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of 
Constance,  or  Bodensee,  at  the  point  where  the  Rhine  emerges  from 
it.  The  episcopal  see,  founded  in  781  and  held  by  87  bishops  in 
succession,  was  deprived  of  its  temporalities  in  1802  and  suppressed 
in  1827. 

The  *Cathbuiial  (PI.  4;  B,3\  founded  in  1052,  was  rebuilt  in 
its  present  form  in  1435  and  1600.  Gothic  tower  erected  in  1850-57; 
the  perforated  spire  is  of  light  grey  sandstone ;  on  either  side  is  a 
platform  commanding  a  charming  view  (adm.  20  pf.). 

On  the  Doors  of  the  principal  portal  are  ''-Bas- Reliefs^  in  20  compart- 
ments, representing  scenes  from  the  life  of  Christ,  carved  in  oak  by  Sim. 
Haider  in  1470.  The  '-  Choir  Stalls,  vrith  grotesque  sculptures,  are  of  the 
same  date.  The  organ-loft,  richly  ornamented  in  the  Renaissance  style, 
dates  from  1680.  In  the  nave  (Romanesque),  the  arches  of  which  are  sup- 
ported by  16  monolithic  pillars  (28  ft.  high,  3  ft.  thick),  sixteen  paces 
from  the  principal  entrance,  is  a  large  stone  slab,  a  white  spot  on  which 
always  remains  dry,  even  when  the  remaining  portion  is  damp.  Huss  is 
said  to  have  stood  on  this  spot  when  the  Council  of  6th  July,  1415,  sentenced 
him  to  be  burnt  at  the  stake.  In  the  N.  chapel,  adjoining  the  choir,  is 
a  Death  of  the  Virgin^  coloured  stone  figures  life-size,  1460.  Adjacent  is  an 
elegant  spiral  staircase.  —  The  Treasury  (custodian  V2-I  Jl)  contains  a  mis- 
sal embellished  with  miniatures,  1426.  On  the  E.  side  is  a  crypt,  contain- 
ing the  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  with  a  representation  of  the  sepulchre 
in  stone,  20  ft.  high,  dating  from  the  13th  century.  On  the  exterior  of  the  N. 
side  stand  two  aisles  of  the  once  handsome  ''Cloisters,  erected  about  1480 
in  the  Gothic  style. 

The  Wessenberg  Haus  (PL  15;  B,  3)  contains  books,  pictures, 
and  engravings,  bequeathed  to  the  town  by  the  proprietor  J.  H.  von 
Wessenberg  (d.  1860),  who  for  many  years  acted  as  the  chief  super- 
intendent of  the  diocese.  A  number  of  pictures,  bequeathed  by  the 
artist,  Marie  Ellenrieder  (d.  1863),  are  also  exhibited  here. 

The  Church  of  St.  Stephen  (PI.  6 ;  B,  4),  a  late-Gothic  building 
of  the  15th  cent.,  near  the  cathedral,  with  a  slender  tower,  contains 
some  interesting  wood-carving  and  sculptures,  but  the  exterior  has 
been  disfigured  by  modern  restoration. 

The  Wessenberg-Strasse  leads  hence  to  the  S.  to  the  Ohere  Markt, 
at  the  corner  of  which  stands  the  house  'Zum  Hohen  Hafen'  (PI.  2; 
B,  4),  where  Frederick  VL,  Burgrave  of  Nuremberg,  was  created 
Elector  of  Brandenburg  by  Emp.  Sigismund,  18th  April,  1417. 
Adjacent  to  it  is  an  ancient  building  with  arcades  (now  the  Hot. 
Barbarossa),  styled  by  an  inscription  ^  Curia  Pacis\  in  which  Emp. 
Frederick  I.  concluded  peace  with  the  Lombard  towns  in  1183.  — 
A  little  to  the  W.  is  the  new  Protestant  Church  (PL  5;  A,  4). 

The  Stadt-Kanzlei,  or  Town  Hall  (PL  12;  B,  4,  5),  erected  in 
the  Renaissance  style  in  1593,  was  decorated  in  1864  on  the  exterior 
with  frescoes  illustrative  of  the  history  of  Constance.  The  apart- 
ments of  the  groundfloor  contain  the  valuable  Municipal  Archives, 
comprising  2800  documents ,  the  most  interesting  of  which  date 
from  the  period  of  the  Reformation.  Fine  inner  court.  —  In  the 
Rosqarten  (PL  8 ;  B,  5),  formerly  the  guild-house  of  the  butchers, 


CONSTANCE.  13.  Route.    57 

is  the  *Rosgarten  Museum,  a  rich  and  well-arranged  collection  of 
antiquities  relating  to  Constance  (from  lake-dwellings,  etc.)  and  of 
objects  of  natural  history  (adm.  40  pf.),  —  In  the  market-place 
is  a  War  Monument  (figure  of  Victory),  by  Bauer  (PI.  10). 

The  Kaufhaus,  or  Merchants'  Hall  (PI.  1 ;  C,  4),  by  the  lake, 
erected  in  1388,  contains  the  great  Council  Chamber,  supported  by 
massive  oaken  pillars,  where  the  conclave  of  cardinals  met  at  the 
time  of  the  Great  Council  (1414-18).  The  hall  was  restored  in  1866 
and  decorated  in  1875  with  frescoes  illustrative  of  the  history  of  the 
town,  by  Pecht  and  Schworer  (adm.  20  pf.).  The  upper  floor  contains 
a  collection  of  Indian  and  Chinese  curiosities  (30  pf.). 

The  ancient  Dominican  Monastery  (PI.  a;  C,  3),  in  which  Huss 
was  confined,  situated  on  an  island  in  the  lake,  near  the  town,  has 
been  in  part  converted  into  a  hotel  (Insel-Hotel,  see  p.  55).  The 
well-preserved  Romanesque  cloisters,  and  the  adjoining  refectory 
with  its  graceful  vaulting,  repay  inspection. 

The  house  in  which  Huss  was  arrested ,  in  the  Husen-Strasse 
near  the  Schnetzthor  (PI.  A,  5),  bears  a  memorial  tablet  with  his 
effigy,  put  upi  n  1878.  Adjoining  it  is  an  old  relief,  dated  1415, 
with  satirical  verses.  Some  houses  farther  on,  at  the  'ObereLaube', 
a  bronze  tablet  with  an  inscription  marks  the  spot  where  Jerome  of 
Prague  was  imprisoned  in  1415-16.  In  the  suburb  of  Briihl,  ^/oM. 
to  the  W.  of  the  town,  is  the  spot  where  Huss  and  Jerome  suffered 
martyrdom ,  indicated  by  a  huge  mass  of  rock  with  inscriptions 
('Husenstein'). 

The  Stadt-Garten  on  the  lake,  between  the  harbour  and  theDomin- 
ican  island,  affords  a  pleasant  walk  and  a  charming  view  of  the  lake 
and  mountains.  A  bust  of  the  Emp.  William  I.  has  been  placed  here. 

The  abbey  of  Kreuzlingen  (*Heiv€tia;  Lowe;  *Pens.  BesmerJ, 
on  Swiss  territory,  3/4  M.  beyond  theS.  gate,  is  now  a  normal  school. 
The  church  contains  a  curious  piece  of  wood-carving,  with  about  1000 
small  figures,  executed  in  the  18th  century. 

A  fine  view  of  the  lake  and  of  the  Vorarlberg  and  Appenzell  Alps  is 
obtained  from  the" Allmannshbhe  (3/4hr.),  with  belvedere  (Restaurant),  5  min. 
above  the  village  of  AUinannsdorf,  on  the  road  to  the  Mainau.  —  Among 
other  pleasant  objects  for  a  walk  may  be  mentioned  the  Loretto-Kapelle 
(V2  hr.)*,  the  Jacobs  a  restavirant  with  a  fine  view  (1/2  hr.);  and  the 
Kleine  Rigi,  above  Miinsterlingen  (Inn  ;  1  hr.). 

In  the  N.W.  arm  of  the  Lake  of  Constance  (Ueberlinger  See)^  41/2  M. 
from  Constance,  is  situated  the  beautiful  island  of  'Mainau,  formerly  the 
seat  of  a  lodge  of  the  Teutonic  Order,  as  a  cross  on  the  S.  side  of  the  chateau 
(1746)  indicates.  It  is  I1/2  M.  in  circumference,  and  is  connected  with  the 
mainland  by  a  bridge  650  paces  in  length.  Since  1853  it  has  been  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Grand-Duke  of  Baden,  and  is  now  entirely  covered  with  plea- 
sure-grounds, with  cypresses  and  other  semi-tropical  plants.  Plain  restau- 
rant near  the  chateau.  Steamboat  from  Constance  in  55  min. ;  rowing-boat 
(in  1  hr.,  a  pleasant  trip)  5  U/  and  gratuity;  one-horse  carr.  5-6,  two-horse 
8  J(.    Pedestrians  take  a  shorter  route  (1  hr.),  partly  through  woods. 

On  the  N.  bank  of  the  lake,  opposite  Mainau  (steamboat  in  40  min.), 
lies  Meersburg  (1463  ft.;  '^Seehof,  near  the  quay,  pens.  ^Jl,  well-arranged 
lake-baths  in  the  neighbourhood;  Schiff,  Wilder  Mann,  both  on  the  lake; 
Lowe;  Pens,  ztim  Frieden,  "/j  M.  to   the  E.),    a   pleasant   little   town,   with 


58    Route  13,  HEILIGENBERG. 

many  old  honsea,  and  good  and  inexpensive  summer -quarters.  The  Old 
Castle,  with  the  Dagobert  Tower  (ca.  800),  is  said  to  have  once  been 
a  seat  of  the  Hohenstaufen.  The  old  mill  in  the  adjacent  ravine  is  highly 
picturesque.  The  New  Castle,  long  an  episcopal  residence,  is  now  a  deaf- 
and-dumb  asylum.  Fine  views  from  the  Kdnzeli  and  from  the  "Edelstein, 
2  M.  from  the  harbour.  The  churchyard  contains  the  tomb  of  the  cel- 
ebrated Mesnier  (d.  1815),  the  discoverer  of  mesmerism.  The  wines  of 
Meersburg  are  the  best  on  the  lake. 

From  Meersburg  the  steamer  plies  in  ^|^  hr.  more  to  TJeberlingen 
{jBad-Hdtel,  with  shady  garden,  pension  5  Jf;  ^Lowe;  Schiff;  Engf I ;  Krone; 
Wilder  Mann;  Adler ;  Beck,  and  other  restaurants;  private  lodgings),  an 
ancient  town  with  4000  inhab.,  now  frequented  for  its  lake-baths  and 
mineral  spring.  Pleasant  grounds  have  been  laid  out  on  the  bank  of  the 
lake.  The  town  contains  several  mediaeval  buildings,  prominent  among 
which  is  the  "^  Town  Hall,  a  richly -decorated  Gothic  structure.  The 
hall  with  its  carved  wood -work  is  an  object  of  great  interest.  The  39 
statuettes  on  the  walls,  representing  the  various  elements  of  the  German 
Empire  (3  spiritual  and  4  temporal  Electors,  4  Margraves  of  the  Empire, 
Landgraves,  Counts,  Barons,  Knights,  Burghers ,  and  Peasants),  are  by 
Jacob  Rues  (1490).  Opposite  to  them  are  portraits  of  the  Emperors, 
beginning  with  Rudolph  II.  —  The  adjacent  Minster,  of  the  14th  cent., 
with  double  aisles,  contains  an  altar  with  tine  wood-carving  of  the  17th 
century.  The  Stadt-Eamlei,  in  the  Mtinster-Platz,  has  a  line  doorway, 
of  the  end  of  the  16th  century.  Adjacent  is  an  Ethnographical  and  In- 
dustrial Museum.  The  Steinhaus  Museum  contains  a  Historical  Collection 
and  a  Cabinet  of  Natural  History.  Fine  views  of  the  lake  from  various 
points.  The  Appenzell  Mts.  are  visible  hence;  also,  to  the  S.E.,  the  sum- 
mits of  the  Rhsetikon  3Iountains.  About  IV2  M.  to  the  X.  of  Ueberlingen 
are  the  Heidenlocher,  mentioned  in  Scheffers  novel  'Ekkehard'.  Excursions 
may  also  be  made  to  the  (I/2-V4  hr.)  Spezgarder  Tdbel  and  the  HocUnger 
Tohel  (a  picturesque  ravine  with  waterfalls)  and  to  Bodmann,  on  the  W, 
shore  of  the  lake,  with  an  old  imperial  residence  from  which  the  lake 
(Bodensee)  took  its  name. 

A  pleasant  excursion  may  be  taken  from  Ueberlingen  or  Meersburg  to 
Heiligenherg.  A  diligence  plies  twice  daily  in  33/4  hrs.  from  Meersburg  to 
Heiligenberg,  via  Salem ;  carriage  and  pair,  there  and  back  18  Jl,  from 
Ueberlingen  12  Jl-  It  is  best  to  proceed  direct  from  Ueberlingen  to  Hei- 
ligenberg, visiting  Salem  on  the  return  journey.  Heiligenberg  ("Adler, 
pension  5  Jl ;  ''Winter's  Inn,  pension  4-4V2  JO,  an  insignificant  place, 
with  the  extensive  chateau  and  park  of  Prince  Fiirstenberg,  lies  pictur- 
esquely on  a  rocky  terrace  1000  ft.  above  the  Lake  of  Constance.  The  cha- 
teau contains  a  magnificent  Renaissance  hall.  110  ft.  long  and  40  ft.  broad, 
with  a  beautifully-carved  wooden  'Ceiling  (16th  cent.),  probably  the  finest 
in  Germany.  The  *Chapel  (restored)  is  also  noteworthy.  The  **View  from 
the  chateau  is  strikingly  beautiful:  it  embraces  the  Lake  of  Constance, 
and  the  entire  chain  of  the  Vorarlberg  and  Swiss  Alps,  from  the  Hoch- 
vogel  to  the  Jungfrau ;  still  better  from  the  'Sieben  Linden'  (seven  lime- 
trees),  3/4  M.  from  the  village.  —  The  same  view  is  enjoyed  from  several 
parts  of  the  flower-garden,  on  the  left  of  the  road  to  the  castle;  also  from 
the  -Freundschafts-Hohlen ,  a  number  of  grottoes,  1/4  lir.  to  the  N.W.  of 
the  inn,  —  From  Heiligenberg  to  Pfullendorf,  see  p.  55. 

Below  Heiligenberg,  to  the  S.W.,  91/2  M.  from  Ueberlingen,  lies  the 
suppressed  Cistercian  convent  of  Salem  (Post),  now  partly  occupied  by  the 
Margrave  William,  with  large  halls  (the  finest  of  which  is  the 'Kaiser-Saal') 
in  the  rococo  style,  a  collection  of  paintings,  etc.  The  Gothic  "Church  of 
the  14th  cent,  is  lavishly  adorned  within  with  sculptures  in  marble  (23 
altars),  dating  from  the  late-Renaissance  period;  fine  late-Gothic  ciborium. 

Railway  from  Constance  to  Schaffhausen  and  Bale,  see  Baedeker's 
Rhine  or  Baedeker's  Switzerland. 


BAVARIA. 


14.   From  Frankfort  to  Nuremberg  by  Wilrzburg, 

145  M.  Railway  in  5V4-11  hrs.  (fares  18  ^  80,  12  Jf  50,  8  Jl  50;  express 
22  Jl  10,  15  Jl  60  pf.)-  —  Trains  for  Hanau  start  from  the  Central  Station, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Main,  as  well  as  from  the  E.,  or  Hanau  Station, 
outside  the  Allerheiligen-Thor,  3/4  M.  from  the  Zeil. 

Frankfort^  see  Baedekers  Rhine.  Soon  after  leaving  the  E. 
Station,  we  pass  Bornheim  on  the  left;  Offenbach  (see  below)  lies  to 
the  right,  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Main.  3  M.  Mainkur ;  6  M. 
Uochstadt-Domigheim ;  9M.  Wilhelmsbad,  with  pleasant  promenades: 
all  resorts  of  the  Frankforters.  On  the  Main,  1/2  M.  to  the  S.,  is 
Philippsruhe,  the  seat  of  Landgrave  Ernest  of  Hessen,  with  extensive 
orangeries.    Near  (10  M.)  Hanau  the  train  crosses  the  Kinzig. 

Fkom  Fhankfort  Central  Station  to  Hanau,  13  M.  (railway  in  V2-V* 
hr.).  The  train  crosses  the  Main  below  Frankfort.  2  M.  Sachsenhausen.^  a 
suburb  of  Frankfort ;  3  M.  Ohervad.  5  M.  Offenbach  (Stadt  Kassel),  a  manu- 
facturing town  with  35,778  inhab.,  founded  by  French  refugees  at  the  end 
of  the  17th  century.  Its  fancy-goods  rival  those  of  Paris,  Vienna,  and  Berlin. 
There  are  also  important  engine-factories,  foundries,  etc.  The  town  is 
commanded  by  a  castle  of  Count  Isenburg,  built  in  the  Renaissance  style 
in  1564-72.  — 9M.  Miihlheim;  to  the  left,  on  theMain,  is  the  village  o( Rum- 
penheim,  with  a  chateau  of  theLandgrave  of  Hessen.  I2V2M.  Klein- Steinheim. 
The  train  then  crosses  the  Main,  and  enters  the  E.  station  of  Hanau. 

Hanau  (*i4(iZer;*i?iese;  Posf,  plain),  a  pleasant  town,  in  the  iQX- 
iilQWetterau^  with25,000inhab.,has  two  railway-stations,  East  and 
West,  11/4  M.  apart.  The  modern  part  of  the  town  owes  its  origin 
to  Flemish  and  Walloon  Protestants,  who  were  banished  from  the 
Netherlands  in  1597  on  account  of  their  creed.  Their  handicrafts, 
such  as  weaving,  diamond-cutting,  and  the  manufacture  of  gold  and 
silver  trinkets,  still  flourish.  In  the  Parade-Platz  is  the  house  (marked 
by  a  marble  tablet ;  now  the  police-office)  in  which  the  brothers 
Jacob  (1785-1863)  and  Wilhelm  Grimm  (1786-1859)  were  born. 

Near  Hanau,  on  30th  and  31at  Oct.,  1813,  Napoleon  with  80,000  men 
who  had  retreated  from  Leipsic  defeated  Marshal  Wrede  with  40,000  Ba- 
varians, Austrians,  and  Russians.  The  battle  took  place  near  the  Lamboi- 
wald^  on  the  Leipsic  road,  beyond  the  Kinzig.  A  small  stone  in  the  wall 
of  the  Kinzig  bridge  bears  the  name  of  Wrede,  who  was  wounded  there. 

From  Hanau  to  Eherbach  and  Stuttgart.,  see  R.  4  ;  to  Fulda  and  Behra 
(for  Leipsic  and  Berlin),  see  Baedekev^s  Northern  Germany. 

To  the  left  rises  the  Hahnenkamm  (p.  60).  To  the  right  Stein- 
heim, a  small  town  on  the  Main,  with  a  conspicuous  castle  with 
five  towers.  121/2  M.  Gross-Auheim.  Just  beyond  it,  to  the  right, 
lies  Gross-Krotzenburg,  on  the  site  of  a  Roman  camp,  with  remains 
of  the  Roman  ramparts.  —  I51/2  M.  Eahl  (Krone;  LambertusJ. 

From  Kahl  we  may  visit  the  Kahlgrund,  a  pretty,  wooded  valley,  the 
most  populous  in  the  Spessart  (p.  63).    The  road  leads  E.  to  (3  M.)  Alzenau. 


60     Route  14.  ASCHAFFENBURG.         From  Frankfort 

(410ft.;  Post;  Bayr.  Hof,  with  brewery),  with  aSchloss  now  occupied  by 
the  district  court,  and  a  ruined  castle.  (Diligence  twice  daily  in  1  hr.  to 
Dettingen,  see  below.)  Ascent  of  the  Ludwigsthurm  on  the  Hahnenkamm 
(1433ft.),  a  fine  point  of  view,  3/4hr.  — Then  vilKalherau  to  (y^jnlA.) Michel- 
bach,  where  wine  is  produced,  Sieinbach,  and  (6  M.)  Mombris  (Karpfen; 
Kempf),  where  we  cross  the  river  Kahl.  From  (8  M.)  Schimhorn  (Rosen- 
berger),  we  proceed  by  the  road  coming  from  Aschaffenburg  to  the  E.  via 
Evlenbach,  at  the  foot  of  the  Elosterberg  (1260  ft.:  fine  view),  and  Klein- 
blankenbach  to  (1572^1-)  Schbllkrippen  ( Fleckenstein ;  Steigerwald;  Mahler), 
whence  we  may  visit  the  forester's  house  '■Am  Engldnde)''  (rfmts.  on  Sun. 
and  Thurs.),  descending  io  J akobsthal  and  through  ihe  Lohrbach- ThalXo  ihe, 
station  of  (IV4  hr.)  Heigenbrucken  (p.  62).  About  20  min.  to  the  S.  of  the 
forester's  house  is  the  Steigkoppe  (1650ft.),  with  a  scaffolding  which  aflFords 
a  fine  view.  —  From  Schollkrippen  to  Aschaffenburg  (see  below)  omnibus 
daily  in  3  hrs.;  to  Gelnhausen  in  4  hrs. 

I8I/2  M.  Dettingen,  where  the  British,  Hanoverian,  Austrian, 
and  Hessian  troops,  commanded  by  George  II.  of  England,  defeated 
the  French  on  27th  July,  1743  :  the  first  decisive  success  of  Austria 
in  the  War  of  Succession.  To  Alzenau,  see  ahove.  —  21 1/2  ^' 
KLein-Ostheim. 

25^2  M.  Aschaffenburg.  —  Hotels.  *Peixz-Regext  Luitpold,  op- 
posite the  station:  'Adlee  (PI.  a;  C,3),  R.&B.  S'/z-S,  D.l^jzJl;  *Goldnes 
Fass  (PI.  b;  B,  2)',  R.  1  Jl  60-2  J!  50,  B.  80  pf.,  pens,  from  5  Jl ;  Feei- 
HOF  (PI.  c;  C,  3);  Geoegi,  Eisenbahn- Hotel,  both  at  the  station.  — 
'^Weiss' s  Restaurant,  at  the  'Riese',  Herstall-Str. ;  beer  at  the  Adler  and 
Kalle  Loch. 

Aschaffenburg  (341  ft.),  with  13,609  inhab.,  was  for  centuries 
the  summer-residence  of  the  Electors  of  Mayence,  but  since  1814 
has  belonged  to  Bavaria.  The  extensive  Schloss,  with  its  four  lofty 
towers  (170  ft.),  erected  1605-14,  contains  a  Library  (open  Tues. 
and  Thurs.,  11-12)  \\'ith  valuable  'Incunabula'  (e.g.  Guttenberg's 
forty-two-line  Bible)  and  books  of  the  Gospels  with  admirable 
miniatures  (the  finest  by  Glockenton,  an  artist  of  Nuremberg,  1524)  ; 
also  a  collection  of  20,000  engravings  and  a  ^Gallery  of  Pictures 
(346  in  number).  Adm.  9-12  and  2-6  (50  pf.,  incl.  adm.  to  the 
Pompeianum,  p.  61). 

No.  34.  J.  Pynar.  Raising  of  Lazarus;  35.  Seb.  Vranck,  Marauders; 
*37.  Sal.  van  Ruysdael,  River-scene;  *5o.  A.  Elsheimer,  Christ  on  the  way  to 
Emmaus;  '58.  Rembrandt  (or  Arnold  van  Oelder  ?),  Ecce  Homo  (1660);  62. 
Rubens,  Silenus;  A.  van  Everdingen,  Norwegian  landscape;  85.  Eglon  van 
der  Neer,  Conversation-piece  :  96.  Jan  Brueghel,  102.  H.  Sachfleven,  Land- 
scapes; 109.  G.  Dou,  Dentist;  99,  112,  113.  J.  Momper,  Landscapes;  '125. 
-4.  t?f/n  O^^arfe,  Cottage  interior  (1639) :  ~132.  N.  Berchem,  Sunny  landscape; 
136,  '142.  A.  van  der  Neer,  Landscapes;  139.  J.  D.  de  ffeen'i,  Still -life; 
143.  Ph.  Wouwerman,  Horseman  at  a  tavern  (youthful  work);  144.  D.  Teniers, 
Soldiers  gambling;  148.  G.  duBois,  Edge  of  the  wood  ;  ~149.  P.  deBloot,'Pe&s- 
ants  in  a  village-street;  *160.  2>.  Verburgh,  Large  landscape;  169.  A.  van 
de  Velde,  Horsemen:  171.  Angelica  Kauffmann,  Madonna:  '176.  H.  Sacht- 
leven.  Large  mountain  landscape  (1651);  X.  Giordano,  198.  Esther,  199. 
Queen  of  Sheba;  206,  217,  225,  238,  etc.  A.  de  Gelder,  Pas.sion  of  Christ; 
209.  Raph.  Camphuisen,  River-scene;  210.  Rembrandt,  Resurrection;  211. 
C.  Netscher,  Portrait;  '218,  221,  226,  ~223.  Corn,  de Heem,  Fruit  and  flower 
pieces;  214,  227.  C.  Huysmans,  Landscapes;  '220.  A.  Cuyp,  Cavaliers  with 
landscape  (finest  specimen  of  this  master  in  Germany);  222.  Bonaventura 
Peters,  Sea-piece;  233.  J.  Jordaens.  St.  Augustine;  234.  Manfredi  (not  P. 
Lastman),  lierodias;  235.  De  Heem,  Still-life;  '248,  251.  C.  de  Vos  {or Mire- 
velt?),  Man  and  his  wife;  249.  A.  Keirincx,  Wood-scene;  250.  D.  Seghers, 


to  Nuremberg.  ASCHAFFENBURG.  U.  Route.     61 

Flowers;  255.  /.  Duck,  Looting  a  house;  256.  /.  van  Goyen.  Large  river- 
scene  (1646);  258.  N.  Berchem,  Landscape  with  gipsies;  2Q'i.,2Q0.  B.  Baldung, 
Nativity,  Crucifixion. 

Visitors  with  tickets  (comp.  p.  60)  are  admitted  to  the  garden  and 
follow  a  picturesque  path,  with  steps  and  arbours,  to  the  exit  opposite 
the  Pompeianum  (see  below). 

The  Romanesque  *Stiftskirche  (PL  14;  abbey-church),-  founded 
in  980,  but  frequently  altered,  has  cloisters  of  the  12th  century. 

The  iNTEfiioK  has  been  skilfully  restored  since  1881.  In  the  right 
aisle  is  a  ^Monument  in  bronze,  with  a  gilded  sarcophagus  said  to  contain  the 
relics  of  St.  Margaret,  dating  from  1540.  In  the  choir  is  the  monument  of 
Albert  of  Brandenburg  (d.  1545),  Elector  ofMayence,  cast  in  1525  during  his 
lifetime,  by  P.Vischer,  and  opposite  to  it  a  Madonna  in  bronze  by  Joh.  Vitcher. 
To  the  right  of  the  principal  entrance  is  a  large  monument  in  alabaster  of 
the  last  Elector,  Frederick  Charles  Joseph  (d.  1802).  The  church  also 
possesses  three  valuable  paintings  by  M.  Griinewald .,  who  lived  for  some 
time  at  Aschafifenburg  (Resurrection,  Pieta,  and  St.  Valentinian,  belonging 
to  the  altar-piece  in  the  Pinakothek  at  Munich). 

The  old  abbey-buildings  now  contain  the  Municipal  Collections 
(open  Sun.  10-12 ;  at  other  times  on  application  to  Hr.  Broili,  the 
director)  :  Roman  antiquities  found  at  Aschaffenburg  (votive  tablets, 
altars,  vases,  bronzes),  prehistoric  relics  of  the  stone  age,  minerals, 
reminiscences  of  the  electoral  period,  etc. 

The  Church  of  St.  Agatha  (PL  10;  B,  2),  to  the  N.E.  of  the 
Schloss,  built  in  the  Transition  style  in  1115  and  of  late  judiciously 
restored,  contains  many  ancient  tombstones. 

To  the  W.  of  the  church,  on  the  lofty  bank  of  the  Main  beyond 
the  Schloss-Garten,  stands  the  ^Pompeianum  (PL  A,  2;  adm.  8.30- 
12  and  2-6,  50  pf.;  comp.  above),  a  villa  erected  by  King  Ludwig  I. 
in  1824-49  in  imitation  of  the  'House  of  Castor  and  Pollux'  at  Pom- 
peii,  and  adorned  with  mural  paintings.  The  mosaic  (Juno  and 
Jupiter)  on  the  wall  of  the  summer  dining-room  was  presented 
by  Pope  Gregory  XVI.    View  from  the  platform. 

Pleasant  walk  through  the  Schonthal  (PI.  D,  3)  and  the  (V4  hr.)  Fasanerie 
to  the  Schmerlenhacher  Wald.  —  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Main,  2  31.  to  the 
W.,  where  the  river  is  crossed  by  a  bridge  constructed  in  1430,  is  the 
Schone  Busch  (comp.  the  Plan),  a  royal  park  with  a  chateau,  orangery, 
and  inn.  —  Another  pleasant  walk  is  by  (41/2  M.)  Johannesberg,  with  its 
new  belvedere,  to  the  Ludwigsthurm  on  the  Eahnenkamm  (p.  60).  Then 
down  by  Alzenau  (p.  60). 

Feom  Aschaffenburg  toMatence,  46'/2M.  (direct  railway  in  1V2-3V2  hjs.). 
The  through-trains  from  Mayence  (and  Cologne)  to  Munich  and  Vienna 
travel  over  this  line.  9  M.  Bahenhausen  is  the  junction  for  Hanau  and  Eber- 
bach  (p.  23).     26  M.  Darmstadt,  and  (46V2  M.)  Mayence,  see  Baedeker's  Rhine. 

From  Aschaffenburg  to  Amokbach,  28  M.  (railway  in  1^/4-2  hrs.).  Soon 
after  quitting  the  station  the  line  sweeps  round  towards  the  S.,  passing 
the  Fasanerie  (see  above)  on  the  left,  and  follows  the  right  bank  of  the 
Main,  rich  in  vines  and  fruit-trees.  4M.  Ober/iau ;  b^/2'^l.  Sulzbach,  3V2M.  to 
the  E.  of  which  lie  the  picturesque  baths  (*Curhaus)  of  Sodenthal ,  with 
springs  containing  salt  and  bromine;  9  M.  Kleinwallstadt ;  11  M.  Obernburg 
(Kunig),  opposite  which,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  is  the  little  town 
of  that  name,  with  a  busy  trade  in  timber  and  wine.  At  (15  M.)  Worth,  a 
small  town  with  an  old  chateau,  the  train  crosses  the  Main.  16  M. 
KUngenberg  (Hirsch;  Krone);  the  small  town,  noted  for  its  excellent  red 
wine  and  its  fire-proof  clay,  lies  on  the  opposite  bank.  18'/2  M.  Laudenbach. 
20'/2  M.  Kleinheubach  (Adler),  with  Schloss  and  park  of  Prince  Lowen- 
stein-Wertheim- Rosenberg  (chapel  with  •Frescoes  by  E.  Steinle).     On  the 


62     Route  14.  MILTENBERG.  From  Frankfort 

opposite  bank  lies  Gros&heubach^  1  M.  to  the  S.E.  of  which  is  the  Fran- 
ciscan monastery  of  Engelsberg,  with  a  pilgrimage-church  (view),  where 
Dom  Miguel  of  Braganza  (d.  1866),  pretender  to  the  throne  of  Portugal,  ia 
huried.  In  a  wood  near  this  (IY2  M.  from  the  village)  are  the  so-called 
Eain-  or  Heunen-Sdulen^  twelve  huge  columns  of  sandstone,  remains  of  an 
ancient  quarry  of  the  Eoman  period,  which  seems  to  have  been  suddenly 
abandoned. 

221/2  M.  Miltenberg  (395  ft.;  Engel;  Eiese),  a  thriving  little  town  of 
3500  inhab.,  in  a  charming  situation,  stretches  for  a  considerable  distance 
between  the  river  and  the  wooded  height  on  its  bank.  Its  quarries  of 
variegated  sandstone  were  known  in  the  time  of  the  Romans.  The  old 
Schloss  of  the  Electors  of  Mayence,  built  in  the  15th  cent,  and  destroyed 
in  1552,  contains  Hr.  Conrady's  valuable  collection  of  antiquities  and  ob- 
jects of  art  (admission  free)."  The  Municipal  Collection  of  Antiquities  is  in 
the  old  hospital.  Several  interesting  timber-built  houses.  —  Then  Weil- 
bach  and  (28  M.)  Amorbach  ("Badischer  Hof;  Post),  a  small  town  with 
2500  inhab.  and  mineral  baths,  seat  of  the  Prince  of  Leiningen,  whose 
handsome  English-Gothic  chateau  of  Wald-Leiningen  lies  6  M,  to  the  S. 
The  old  abbey-church,  with  two  early- Romanesque  towers  and  a  nave 
rebuilt  in  the  rococo  style  in  the  18th' cent. ,  is  now  used  for  Protestant 
services.  The  abbey-mill  and  other  Gothic  edifices  in  the  town,  and  the 
rococo  library-hall  in  the  former  chapter -house  should  be  noticed.  — 
Hence  to  the  Odenwald,  see  Baedeker''s  Rhine. 

From  Miltexbeeg  to  Webtheim,  18  M.  (diligence  twice  daily  in 
3^4  hrs.).  The  picturesque  road,  which  will  repay  even  walkers,  runs  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Main  through  the  fertile  and  well-wooded  valley,  dotted 
here  and  there  with  ruined  castles,  via  Burgstadt  (near  which,  on  the 
Wannenherg,  are  an  ancient  Germanic  rampart  and  a  deserted  Roman 
quarry),  to  (5  M.)  Freudenberg  (Rose),  a  picturesque  little  place,  with  the 
ruins  of  a  castle  of  the  12th  cent,  destroyed  in  the  Thirty  Years'  War. 
Farther  on,  to  the  left,  are  the  extensive  quarries  of  Reistenfiausen;  then 
Fechenbach  with  the  ruined  Kollenberg,  Dorfprozelten,  and  Stadtprozelten 
('Post;  Adler),  with  a  castle  of  the  now  extinct  Schenks  of  Klingenberg, 
destroyed  by  the  French  in  1688.  Thence  by  Mondfeld  and  Orunenworth 
to  Wertheim  (see  p.  63). 

The  line  passes  a  monument  (r.)  to  the  Austrians  who  fell  in 
1866,  and  ascends  by  (30  M.)  Hosbach  and  (32  M.)  Laufach  to  the 
long  tunnel  of  (361/2  M.)  Heigenbrilcken  (Fleckenstein's  Inn,  at  the 
station).  About  S^/o  M.  to  the  N.,  above  Jakobsthal,  is  the  Steig- 
koppe  (p.  60).  The  line  here  enters  the  higher  regions  of  the  Spes- 
sart  (p.  63),  winds  through  the  wooded  and  grassy  Lohrbach-Thal, 
and  runs  across  numerous  bridges  and  through  many  cuttings  in 
the  red  sandstone  to  (45  M.)  Partenstein  and  (49  M.)  Lohr,  on  the 
Main.  About  1  M.  to  the  S.  is  Lohr  (*KessleT;  Hirsch ;  Krone ; 
Roder),  an  industrial  little  town,  prettily  situated.  The  Rathhaus 
and  the  Parish  Church  are  interesting. 

From  Lohe  to  Wertheim,  23  M.  (railway  in  2  hrs.).  The  train  ascends 
the  pleasant  valley  of  the  Main,  following  the  right  bank  of  the  winding 
river.  1  M.  Sladt  Lohr  (see  above);  21/2  M.  Rodenbach;  5V2  M.  Neustadt 
am  Main.,  with  a  well-restored  church  (Romanesque  basilica),  dating  from 
a  Benedictine  monastery  founded  in  the  8th  century.  9'/2  M.  Rothen/els 
(Anker,  good  wine),  with  large  quarries  and  a  chateau  of  Prince  Lowen- 
stein -Wertheim -Rosenberg.  11  M.  Hafenlohr;  I2V2  M.  Markth eidenfeld 
(*Post ;  Schone  Aussicht) ,  with  a  handsome  bridge  over  the  Main  and 
near  a  large  trout-breeding  establishment.  Nearing  (16  M.)  Trenn/eld,  we 
observe  on  the  right  "Schloss  Trie/enstein,  once  an  Augustinian  provostry, 
now  the  property  of  Prince  Lowenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg,  very  hand- 
somely fitted  up  (tapestry,  collection  of  arms)  •  beautiful  park  and  charm- 
ing view.     On  the  left  bank  are  Eomburg ,   with  an  old  castle,   and  the 


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to  Nuremberg.  SPESSART.  Id.  Route.    63 

Burkardus-Hohle,  the  cave  in  which  St.  Burkhard,  first  bishop  of  Wiirz- 
burg,  died  in  752.  A  tunnel,  550  yds.  long,  below  the  Bellinger  Berg.,  brings 
us  to  (_2iil.) Kreuzwerlheim.  —  23  M.  Wertheim  {"Badischer  Hof.,  in  the  town  ; 
"Held.,  on  the  Main,  with  garden  and  fine  view;  Lowensleiner  Ho/.,  Lowe, 
Ochs,  unpretending),  an  old  town  with  3540  inhab.,  the  residence  of  Prince 
Lowenstein- Wertheim -Freudenberg,  is  prettily  situated  at  the  influx  of 
the  Tauber  into  the  Main,  at  the  foot  of  a  wooded  hill,  crowned  by  the 
extensive  and  partially  preserved  ruins  of  a  castle  destroyed  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War.  Several  quaint  houses  of  the  16th  century.  The  situation 
of  the  town,  with  the  imposing  red  sandstone  ruin  above  it,  somewhat 
resembles  that  of  Heidelberg.  The  church  contains  fine  monuments  of 
Counts  Joh.  and  Mich,  von  Wertheim  (15th  and  16th  cent.). 

The  8.  part  of  the  Spessart,  the  finest  and  most  extensive  forest- 
district  in  Germany,  noted  for  its  gigantic  oaks  and  beeches,  and  its  game, 
is  washed  on  three  sides  by  the  Main,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
valleys  of  the  Aschaff  and  the  Lohr,  through  which  the  railway  from 
Aschaflfenburg  to  Lohr  runs.  Almost  in  the  centre  of  this  district  rises  the 
Oeyersberg  (1920  ft.),  from  which  long  hills  radiate  to  the  W.,  S.,  and  E., 
on  the  crests  of  which  we  may  walk  in  the  delicious  leafy  shade  for  hours 
at  a  time  (as  in  the  Vosges  Mts.).  On  the  W.  slope  of  the  Geyersberg,  11  M. 
from  Stadtprozelten  (p.  62)  and  as  far  from  Marktheidenfeld  (p.  62),  Wert- 
heim (see  above),  and  Lohr  (p.  62),  lies  Rohrbrunn  (1520  ft.),  a  summer- 
resort  consisting  of  two  forester's  houses  and  a  new  inn  (pens.  SVz  «^<^)j 
and  a  good  centre  for  exploring  the  Spessart.  Opposite  is  (10  min.)  a 
hunting-lodge  of  Prince  Luitpold,  behiad  the  foresters  house  of  Diana, 
where  the  wild  swine  are  fed  at  5  or  6  p.m.  To  the  S.  (20  min.)  is  the 
Annahohe  or  HoJie  Warte  (1210ft.),  a  forester's  house,  whence  we  survey 
the  vast  leafy  ocean  of  the  Spessart.  We  may  also  visit  a  venerable  oak, 
1000  years  old,  8-10  min.  to  the  S.W.  To  the  N.E.  a  beautiful  forest-path 
leads  past  the  (IV4  hr.)  forester's  house  of  Jdgerverein  to  (1  hr.)  Lichtenau 
(785  ft. ;  "Inn),  prettily  situated  in  the  wooded  valley  of  the  Hafenlohr  (wild 
swine  feeding).  Thence  we  either  descend  the  valley  to  (SVzhrs.) //a/enZoAr 
(p.  62),  or  go  to  the  N.  through  fine  timber  across  the  Schwarze  Rucken  to 
Rechtenbach  and  (3V2hrs.)  Lohr  (p.  62).  —  A  road  leads  from  Rohrbrunn  to 
theS.W.  past  the  forester's  house  oiDiana  and  through  the Z'amTnfeac/i-I'/iai 
to  (IV'zhr.)  Krausenhach  {Inn).,  whence  we  ascend  to  the  left  (guide  advisable) 
to  the  (V2  M.)  Gaishohe  (1705  ft.),  on  which  a  view-tower  has  recently  been 
built.  We  descend  past  the  ruined  Wildenstein  to  (IV4  hr.)  IJschau  (QIO  ft.:, 
'Krone),  whence  a  carriage-road  ascends  ihe  Elsaica-Thal  to  Hobbach  (YiUa, 
Elsawa  of  Dr.  Wehsarg,  pension  i-i^i-zJf)  andMespelbrunn  (see  below),  and 
descends  to  (4V2  M.)  Obernburg  (p.  61).  —  Charmingly  situated,  1^/4  hr.  to 
the  N.  of  Rohrbrunn  (guide  advisable) ,  lies  Mespe'lbrunn ,  the  ancestral 
castle  of  the  founder  of  Wiirzburg  University  (p.  68;  refreshments  in  the 
forester's  house ,  to  the  left).  From  this  point  a  pleasant  route  (guide- 
posts)  leads  by  Neudorf  and  the  Hohe  Warte  (1210  ft.)  to  (2  hrs.)  Bad 
Sodenthal  and  (IV4  hr.)  Sulzbach  (p.  61). 

bA^/2M. Langenprozelten.  ^eair(bSM.)Qemvinden (Kreiser ; Bail. 
Restaurant)  we  cross  the  Frdnkische  Saale,  which  here  falls  into  the 
Main.  The  little  town  lies  picturesquely  at  the  foot  of  wooded  hills, 
commanded  by  the  ruins  of  Schor enter g,  which  was  destroyed  in  1243. 

From  Gemunden  to  Elm,  28V2  M.  (railway  in  11/4-23/4  hrs.).  The  line 
runs  through  the  pleasant  Sinnthal.  Stations  Rineck ,  Burgsinn,  Mitlehinny 
Jossa  (to  Briickenau,  see  p.  85),  Sterbfrilz,  Vollmerz  (near  it,  to  the  E., 
the  ruins  of  the  Sleckelburg,  once  the  seat  of  Ulrich  von  Hutten)  ;  then  Elm, 
a  station  on  the  Bebra-Hanau  Railway  (see  Baedeker's  Northern  Germany). 

From  Gemdnden  to  Hammelbdrg  (171/2  M.),  railway  in  li/i  hr. 
through  the  -pretty  Saale-Thal.  Stations:  Schonau,  with  a  convent  on  the 
hill  to  the  right;  Wolfsmiinsler,  Ordfendorf,  Michelaubrilck,  Morlesau,  Die- 
bach.  —  Hammelburg  (Tost;  "Schwarzer  Adler).  an  ancient  town,  pictur- 
esquely situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saale,  presented  by  Charlemagne 
to  the  abbey  of  Fulda.     On  the  opposite  bank ,   on  a  vine-clad  hill ,  rises 


64    Route  14.  WURZBURG.  From  Frankfort 

Schlots  Saaleck.  —  From  Hammelburg  to  A'wsmjren  (p.  83),  I2V2M.,  diligence 
thrice  daily  in  3  hrs.,  via  Fuchsstadt,  Trimherg  ^  with  a  well-preserved 
ruin,  and  Euerdorf  (Stern).     Walkers  pass  to  the  left  of  Fuchsstadt. 

Fbom  Gemijnden  to  Schweixfurt  (Kissingen),  31 72  M.,  railway  in 
IV4  hr.  —  Beyond  (2  M.)  Wem/eld  (see  below)  the  line  turns  to  the  left  into 
the  fertile  and  smiling  Wernthal,  running  now  on  one  side  of  the  stream, 
now  on  the  other.  4  M.  Gossenheim ,  2V2  M.  to  the  N.  of  which  is  the 
ruined  castle  of  Homburg;  71/2  M.  Eussenheim;  11  M.  Thiingen  ^  with  a 
chateau;  15  M.  Mildesheim;  1772  M.  Arnstein ,  a  small  town  with  an  old 
chateau;  21  M.  MUhlhausen.  The  line  quits  the  Wernthal,  passing  Schloss 
Wemeck  (p.  82)  on  the  N.E.,  and  at  (25  M.)  Weigolshausen  joins  the  rail- 
way from  Wiirzburg   to   (8IV2  M.)  Oherndorf- Schweinfurt  (p.  82). 

591/2  M.  Wernfeld  (see  above).  —  66  M.  Karlstadt  (530  ft.),  once 
the  fortified  frontier-town  of  the  episcopal  see  of  Wiirzburg ,  and 
still  surrounded  with  walls  and  towers,  is  said  to  have  been  founded 
by  Charles  Martel,  and  extended  by  Charlemagne.  Professor  Boden- 
stein,  the  instigator  of  the  Puritanical  iconoclasm,  was  born  here, 
and  has  thence  been  surnamed  'Karlstadt'.  On  the  opposite  hill, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Main,  is  the  ruined  Karlsburg ;  and  farther 
on ,  at  Laudenbach ,  is  a  chateau  of  Prince  Wertheim ,  destroyed 
during  the  War  of  the  Peasants.  —  71  M.  Retzhach ;  73  M.  Thiin- 
gersheim;  77  M.  Veitshochheim ,  with  a  royal  chateau  and  park; 
78Y2  M.  Zell.  Opposite  the  vine-clad  Steinberg  lies  the  old  mon- 
astery of  Oberzell,  now  Konig  &  Bauer's  printing-press  factory. 

81  M.  Wiirzburg.  —  Hotels.  Kkonpkinz  von  Batekn  (PI.  b;  D,  2), 
Eesidenz-Platz,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  21/2-31/2,  B.  1,  D.3Ji;  *Rdssischee  Hof  (PI.  a; 

C,  2),  Untere  Theater-Str.,   near  the  station,    R.,  L,,  &  A.  from  21/4.  B.  1, 

D.  21/2  Jl;  *ScuwAN  (PI,  c;  B,  3),  Biittnersgasse,  with  view  of  the  river, 
R.  &A.  2  J(-2  Jl  SO,  B.  90  pf.,  D.  21/2  Jl ;  *Rugmeb  (PI.  d;  C,  2),  by  the 
theatre;  Wuettembeegee  Hof  (PI.  e;C,  2),  in  the  Markt,  R.,  L.,  &  A.2  Jl 
SOpf.,  B.l,  D.  2V2.if,  commercial;  *Bahnhof  (PI.  k;  C,  D,  1),  ^National 
(PI.  1:  C,  1),  with  cafe-restaurant,  Zanglein  (PI.  m;  C,  1),  *Sghott  {Zum 
Deutschen  Kaiser;  PL  n,  C,  i),  all  near  the  station  and  moderate.  Fkan- 
KiscHEE  Hof  (PI.  f;  C,  2),  Eichhorn-Str.;  Adlee  (PI.  g;  B,  2),  Marktgasse; 
WiTTELSBACHEE  HoF  (PI.  h;  B,  2),  in  the  Markt;  Landsberg  (PI.  i;  C,  2), 
Semmels-Str.  —  Pension  Heffnee,  Petersplatz  6,  R.  1-2,  pension  3-4  USf, 
well  spoken  of. 

Cafes-Restaurants.  *.4Z^f/7n6ra,  Franziskaner-Platz;  Schnitzar  (Vienna 
Cafe),  Kiirschnerhof;  Cafe  National,  at  the  station,  etc.  —  Wine.  Hader- 
lein,  Dominikaner-Platz,  with  garden;  Ziegler,  Julius  Promenade;  Stiimmer^ 
Martinsgasse;  Bduerlein,  Alte  Briicke;  wine-rooms  in  the  Juliusspifal,  to 
the  right  of  the  entrance,  and  the  Biirgerspital  (PI.  C,  2),  Semmels-Str.; 
Wend.  Domerpfarrgasse,  wine-room,  preserved  meats,  etc  (the  last  three 
are  closed  at  8  p.m.).  —  Beer.  Platz'scher  Garten,  outside  the  Rennweger 
Thor  (PI.  D,  E,  3),  concerts  several  times  weekly;  Letztev  Hieh  (PI.  F,  3),  a 
garden-restaurant  about  1/2  M.  farther  on,  with  fine  view ;  Hutten'' scher 
Garten,  outside  the  Sander-Thor  (PI.  C,  4),  at  the  tramway-terminus,  etc. 

Cabs.  From  the  station  to  the  town :  1-2  pers.  60.  3-4  pers.  80  pf.  — 
By  time:  each  1  4  hr.  of  the  first  hour,  1-2  pers.  40,  3-4  pers.  50  pf.;  each 
additional  1/4  hr.  30  or  40  pf. ;  from  10  p.  m.  to  6  a.  m.  double  fares. 

Tramway  from  the  station  via  the  Kaiser-Str.,  Dom-Str.,  and  Sander- 
Str.  to  Sanderau  station  (10,  15,  or  20  pf.). 

Post  &  Telegraph  Offices  in  the  Parade-Platz  (PI.  C,  2)  and  at  the 
station. 

Theatre  (PI.  C,  2);  performances  in  winter  only. 

K,iver  Baths.  Wellenlad.  by  the  quay  below  the  old  bridge  ;  Dametibad, 
above  the  old  bridge,  etc.  Warm  Baths:  Br.  Wirsing,  Strohgasse;  Jdger, 
at  the  Holrthor. 


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to  Nuremberg.  WURZBURG.  14.  Route.     65 

Wurzburg  (575  ft. ;  61,032  inliab.,  10,000  Prot.),  tte  ancient 
capital  of  an  episcopal  principality,  and  now  that  of  the  Bavarian 
province  of  Unterfranken  or  Lower  Franconia,  is  charmingly  situ- 
ated in  the  vine-clad  valley  of  the  Main,  The  inner  and  older  part 
of  the  town,  of  which  churches  and  ecclesiastical  buildings  form 
the  chief  feature,  is  encircled  with  well-kept  promenades,  nearly 
3  M.  in  length,  while  the  modern  quarters,  including  the  new  uni- 
versity buildings,  present  a  bright  and  handsome  appearance. 

Wiirzburg  is  one  of  tlie  most  venerable  cities  in  Germany,  having 
been  the  seat  of  a  bishop  since  741,  when  Burkardus,  the  first  bishop, 
was  consecrated  by  St.  Boniface.  The  bishops  soon  attained  to  great 
wealth  and  power,  and  were  created  dukes  of  Franconia  in  1120,  a  dig- 
nity confirmed  to  them  by  Emp.  Frederick  I.  in  1168.  Down  to  1803, 
when  Wurzburg  was  incorporated  with  Bavaria,  the  principality  was 
governed  by  an  unbroken  line  of  these  bishop -princes,  whose  sway  in 
the  17th  and  18th  cent,  often  included  the  see  of  Bamberg  also.  From 
1805  to  1813  Wiirzburg  was  the  capital  of  a  grand-duchy  of  the  Rhenish 
Confederation.     The  fortifications  were  removed  in  1869-74. 

From  the  Bahnhof-Platz  (J'l.  C,  1),  where  the  Kilian  Fountain 
was  erected  in  1895,  the  Kaiser-Strasse  and  Theater-Strasse  (comp. 
p.  67)  lead  to  the  (10  min.)  Residenz-Platz  (PI.  D,  2,  3),  in  which 
rises  the  Luitpold  Fountain,  erected  in  1894  on  the  70th  birthday 
of  the  Prince  Regent  Luitpold  by  the  circles  of  Lower  Franconi  aand 
Aschaffenburg.  The  fountain,  designed  by  F.  von  Miller,  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  figure  of  Franconia,  with  a  portrait-medallion  of  Prince 
Luitpold  below;  still  lower  are  lifesize  figures  of  Tilmann  Riemen- 
schneider,   Matthias  Griinewald,   and  Walther  von  der  Vogelweide. 

The  extensive  royal,  formerly  episcopal,  *  Palace  (Residenz), 
one  of  the  grandest  and  most  effective  of  18th  cent,  edifices  of  the 
kind,  was  erected  in  1720-44  in  the  rococo  style  from  Neumann's 
designs.  It  is  550  ft.  long,  290  ft.  deep,  and  70  ft.  high,  and  con- 
tains 7  courts,  283  rooms,  a  chapel,  and  a  theatre. 

The  principal  Staircase,  in  the  central  structure,  to  the  left,  is  very 
imposing;  its  lofty  ceiling  is  adorned  with  a  fresco  by  G.  B.  Tiepolo  of 
Venice,  representing  Olympus  and  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe.  The 
ceiling-painting  in  the  large  Kaiseesaal.  depicting  the  marriage  of  Emp. 
Frederick  I.  and  Beatrix  of  Burgundy,  which  took  place  at  Wurzburg 
in  1156,  is  also  by  Tiepolo.  The  Paxace  Chapel,  which  contains  two 
altar-pieces  by  Tiepolo,  is  sumptuously  enriched  with  marble  and  bronze. 
The  former  episcopal  apartments  are  richly  decorated  with  French  tapestry 
(Battle  of  Alexander,  presented  by  Louis  XIV.),  etc.  Magnificent  ^Mirror 
Saloon.  —  The  Picture  Gallert  is  particularly  rich  in  still-life  pieces  by 
O.  B.  Weeiiix.  J.  van  Streeck.  EUas  FoncAr,  B.  van  der  Meer,  C.  Lui/ks,  A.  van 
Utrecht,  etc.  Among  other  works  may  be  mentioned:  *iV.  Berchem,  Juno 
and  Argus  (an  early  work);  'M.  Stoop,  Robbers  in  a  cottage;  H.  van  Balen, 
Holy  Family  (lifesize);  */.  Livens,  Mourning  for  Christ;  /.  Verkolje,  Party 
on  a  harbour.  —  The  huge  Cellars,  probably  the  largest  in  Germany, 
contain  200  casks  of  excellent  Franconian  wine  produced  by  the  royal 
vineyards.  —  The  palace  is  shown  daily  at  10,  11,  2,  and  3  o'clock  (50  pf. 
each;  the  visit  takes  3/*  hr.).  Visitors  ring  for  the  castellan  in  the  back- 
court  of  the  left  wing.     Adjacent  is  the  office  of  the  cellarer. 

The  left  (N.)  wing  of  the  palace  contains  the  Collection  of  the 
Historical  Society  (oi^ew  on  Sundays  in  summer,  10-12;  at  other 
times  50  pf.  each  pers.),  and  in  the  right  wing  is  the  Picture  Gal- 

Bakdeker's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  5 


66     Route  14.  WURZBURG.  From  FranTifort 

lery  o(  fhe  Kunstverein  (daily,  except  Sat.,  10-3).  —  The  *nof- 
garten^  at  the  back  of  the  palace,  laid  out  in  1729,  and  afterwards 
frequently  altered,  is  a  favourite  promenade.  It  contains  a  new 
Orangery  (20  pf.),  with  figures  from  Herrenchiemsee,   and  a  cafe. 

In  the  hroad  Hofstrasse,  leading  W.  from  the  palace  to  the  ca- 
thedral, is  the  Maxschule  (PI.  C,  2),  containing  the  commercial 
and  grammar  schools  and  the  collections  of  the  polytechnic  society. 

The  Cathedral  (PI.  C,  2),  in  the  Parade-Platz,  a  cruciform  ba- 
silica in  the  Romanesque  style ,  begun  in  862  and  consecrated  in 
1189,  was  materially  altered  in  1240  (to  which  date  the  two  E. 
towers  and  the  apse  belong). 

The  Inteeiok,  marred  by  IStli  cent,  restoration,  contains  numerous 
monuments  of  bishops:  those  of  Bibra(d.  15l9)  and  *8cherenberg  (d.  1495), 
by  the  6th  and  7th  pillars  on  the  right,  were  executed  by  Biemenschnei- 
der  (p.  77).  The  left  aisle  contains  several  fine  brasses  with  low  reliefs, 
e.g.  that  of  Peter  von  Aufsess  (d.  1522),  by  the  9th  pillar.  On  the  left  side 
of  the  nave  is  a  font  of  1279.  Altar-pieces  of  the  17-18th  centuries.  In 
the  choir  hangs  a  large  crucifix  by  Riemenschneider. 

Adjoining  the  cathedral  on  the  N.  rises  the  Neumunster  Church 
(PLC,  2),  of  the  11th  century.  The  red  rococo  facade  towards  the 
Kiirschnerhof  was  constructed  in  1711-19  by  Pezani;  the  dome  was 
added  in  1731.  The  well-proportioned  interior  was  decorated  with 
stucco  and  gilding  in  the  18th  century.  On  the  choir  of  the  Neu- 
miinster  Church,  facing  the  cathedral,  is  a  tablet  with  a  Latin  and 
a  German  inscription  (the  latter  by  King  Ludwig  I.)  ,  erected  in 
1843  to  the  memory  of  Walther  von  der  Vogelweide  (d.  about  1230), 
the  greatest  of  the  mediaeval  German  poets,  who  was  interred  in 
the  old  cloisters. 

A  sum  of  money  was  left  by  the  poet  for  purchasing  food  for  the 
birds,  and  a  vase  was  placed  on  the  top  of  the  original  tomb  for  this 
purpose.  The  new  monument  is  similarly  provided,  but  the  bequest  has 
long  since  been  diverted  to  the  use  of  the  canons  themselves. 

The  Martinsgasse  leads  hence  to  theMARKT(Pl.B,C,2),  in  which 
rises  the  elegant  Gothic  ^Marienkapelle.  erected  in  1377-1441,  and 
restored  in  1856,  when  the  perforated  spire  was  added. 

The  reliefs  on  the  three  pnrtals  (Annunciation,  Last  Judgment,  Virgin 
enthroned)  are  coeval  with  the  church.  The  ''Statues  by  the  S.  portal 
(.Adam  and  Eve)  and  on  the  buttresses  (four  restored)  are  by  Riemen- 
tchneider.  Observe  in  the  interior  the  tombstone  of  a  knight  (1499)  and 
wooden  'Statues  (SS.  Dorothea  and  Margaretha)  by  Riemenschneider. 

To  the  S.W.  of  the  market-place  lies  the  old  liathhaus  (Fl.B,  C, 
2"),  the  oldest  part  of  which,  the  so-called  Grafen-Eckartsthurm, 
built  in  1453-56,  faces  the  Domstrasse.  In  the  same  street  is  the 
Vierrohren-Brunnen,  a  fountain  erected  in  1733.  The  Domstrasse 
leads  to  the  Old  Main  Bridge,  see  p.  68. 

From  the  Domstrasse  the  Augustinergasse  and  the  Neubau- 
strasse  lead  to  the  S.  to  the  Jitlilus  Maximilian  University,  found- 
ed in  1582  by  Bishop  Julius  (p.  68),  and  attended  by  about  1550 
students,  of  whom  about  900  are  medical.  The  University  Build- 
ings (PL  C,  2),  designed  by  Adam  Kal  in  1587,  contain  various  col- 
lections :  the  Zoological,  the  Mineralogical  and  Geological,  the  Art- 


to  Nuremberg.  WtJRZBURG.  14.  Roide,     67 

History  Museum  (Wagner's  collection  of  antiquities,  including 
Greek  monuments,  vases,  fragments  of  statues,  casts  from  antique 
works,  tapestry,  wood-carvings  by  Riemenschneider,  early  Christian 
lamps,  rings,  etc.),  a  somewhat  extensive  Picture  Gallery  [open 
Thurs.  9-1),  the  Cabinet  of  Engravings  (Mon.  and  Wed.,  9-12),  etc. 
All  the  collections  are  closed  in  vacation,  though  strangers  may 
obtain  admission  for  a  fee. 

PicTLRE  Gallery  (artists'  names  not  all  authenticated).  Spinello  Arttino, 
Altar-piece;  Raphael  (?),  Madonna  with  the  carnation ^  Bellini  (?),  Rest  on 
the  Flight  into  Egypt;  works  by  Tiepolo,  Tintoretto.,  Povdenone ;  Poussin, 
Bacchanalian  scene;  Millet,  Italian  landscape ;  Bourguignon,  Ba.Hle;  Greuze, 
Girrs  head;  Velazquez  {'i).  Two  portraits;  Skreta,  Three  portraits;  Van  der 
Neer,  Moonlight  scene;  Brveghel  d:  Van  Balen^  Landscape;  Hogarth,  Street- 
scene;  ^Hell-Ji  re''  Brueghel,  Temptation  of  St.  Antony;  Sachtleven,  River-scene; 
Ilondecoeter,  Poultry -yard;  Snyders  (1) ,  Greengrocer;  Rvbens  (1) ,  Roman 
battle;  Van  Dyck,  St.  Jerome;  Peters,  Flight  into  Egypt;  Fr.  Hals,  Portrait; 
Claeisz  d-  De  Heem,  Still-life;  Elshaimer,  Destruction  of  Sodom;  Cranach^ 
Lot  and  his  daughters;  Denner,  Old  woman;  Schiiiz,  Four  landscapes,  etc. 

The  S.W.  side  of  the  quadrangle,  in  the  Neubau-Strasse,  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  University  Church  or  Neubau-Kirche,  built  in  1582-91 
in  a  curiously  mixed  Gothic  and  Renaissance  style  and  recently  well 
restored.  The  tower  is  used  as  an  Observatory  (Sat.  2-4).  Ad- 
joining the  church  on  the  E.  is  the  University  Library,  containing 
over  250,000  vols.,  and  adjacent  is  the  Michaelis-Kirche  or  Seminar- 
Kirche  (1765).  —  To  the  W.  of  the  University  is  the  early-Gothic 
Franciscan  Church,  with  a  monastery  of  the  13th  cent.  (PLC,  3). 

From  the  Neubau-Strasse  the  Peter-Strasse  leads  to  the  S.  to  the 
Peterskirche.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  Platz  is  the  old  Mint  (now  a 
school);  on  the  E.  side  is  the  Regierungsgebdude ,  or  government 
offices,  once  a  Benedictine  abbey,  the  Church  of  which,  now  Pro- 
testant ,  was  tastefully  decorated  in  the  interior  in  the  rococo  style 
in  1782-89. 

From  this  point  the  Otto-Strasse  leads  to  the  S.E.,  past  the  (left) 
new  Justizgebdude  (PI.  D,  3 ;  law-courts)  and  the  monument  of 
Phil.  Franz  von  Siebold,  the  naturalist  and  traveller  (1796-1866), 
to  the  promenades  by  the  Sander  Glacis  (p.  68). 

From  the  Residenz-Platz  (p.  65)  the  Theatee-Strasse  runs  to 
the  N.W.  On  the  right  we  notice  the  Ludwigshalle  (PI.  D,  2),  for- 
merly railway-offices  ,  now  used  for  exhibitions,  in  front  of  which 
rises  a  monument  to  von  Ziirn  (d.  1884),  a  public-spirited  burgo- 
master of  Wurzburg.  To  the  right,  farther  on,  at  the  corner  of  the 
Semmels-Strasse,  is  the  Biirgerspital  (PI.  C,  2),  with  its  popular 
wine-room  (p.  64).  Opposite  to  it  the  HaugerpfafFengasse  leads  to 
the  right  to  the  Hauger  Church  (PI.  C,  1),  with  two  towers  and  a 
lofty  dome,  built  in  1670-91  by  Petrini,  in  the  rococo  style.  The 
interior  is  overladen  with  gilding. 

At  the  end  of  the  Theater-Strasse  the  Kaiser-Strasse  leads  to 
the  right  to  the  railway-station,  while  the  Julius  Pbomenade  leads 
to  the  left  to  the  Main.  To  the  right  in  the  latter  is  the  extensive 
and  admirably  organised  Julius  Hospital  (PI.  C,  1,  2),  founded  in 

5* 


68     Jloute  14.  WURZBUEG.  From  Frankfort 

1576,  and  richly  endowed,  its  property  being  now  worth  9,000,000  J^. 
Upwards  of  600  persons,  of  whom  400  are  patients,  are  daily  boarded 
and  lodged  here.  The  clinical  institutions  connected  with  the  hos- 
pital since  the  beginning  of  the  17th  cent,  also  form  a  medical 
school.  The  Statue  of  the  founder,  Bishop  Julius  Echter  von  Mespel- 
brunn  (d.  1617),  in  the  lower  Julius  Promenade,  is  by  Schwan- 
thaler.    Behind  the  hospital  is  the  Botanic  Garden. 

From  the  W.  end  of  the  Julius  Promenade,  where  the  Custom 
House  (PI.  B,  2)  is  situated,  we  follow  the  bank  of  the  Main  to  the 
N.,  past  the  'crane-quay'  and  the  municipal  Abattoir^  to  the  new 
Luitpold  Bridge  (PI.  B,  1),  which  spans  the  river  with  seven  arches 
and  affords  a  line  view  of  the  valley.  On  the  opposite  bank  are  large 
new  barracks.  In  the  Pleicher  Ring,  leading  to  the  S.E.  from  the 
bridge  to  the  Kaiser-Strasse  and  the  railway- station,  are  the  new 
Zootomical  Institute,  the  Anatomie\  and  the  Pathological,  Physio- 
logical, &nd Physical  Institutes,  all  belonging  to  the  nniversity.  Pleas- 
ant grounds  on  the  left.  Beyond  the  Kaiser-Platz(Pl.C,  1)  we  reach 
the  Hanger  and  the  Rennweger  Ring,  and  beyond  the  Hofgarten 
(p.  65}  the  Sander  Ring  (PL  B,  4),  which  extends  to  the  Main. 

The  Dom-Strasse  (p.  65)  leads  to  the  Old  Main  Bridge  (PI.  B, 
2,  3),  644ft.  in  length,  constructed  in  1474-1607,  and  adorned 
with  statues  of  saints.  On  the  left  bank,  immediately  to  the  right, 
is  the  small  Hofspital-Kirche,  containing  the  '14  guardian  saints' 
carved  by  T.  Riemenschneider.  The  Gothic  Deutschhaus  -  Kirche 
(PI.  A,  2),  now  used  for  military  purposes,  was  built  in  1287-1303. 
—  To  the  left,  5  min.  above  the  bridge,  rise  the  grey  towers  of  St. 
Bnrkard  (PI.  B,  2),  the  only  church  of  Wiirzburg  of  intact  exterior, 
erected  in  1033-42  in  the  Romanesque  style  and  restored  in  1168, 
with  late-Gothic  choir  of  1494-97.  In  the  interior  (now  being 
restored)  it  has  shared  the  fate  of  the  other  churches.  The  nave 
contains  a  late -Romanesque  offertory-box  in  sandstone,  and  the 
S.  transept  a  carved  altar  of  1590. 

Through  a  vaulted  passage  below  the  choir  of  St.  Burkard  the 
Burkardergasse  leads  to  the  Burkarder  Thor  (PI.  B,  3) ,  beyond 
which  runs  the  Mergentheim  road.  The  first  road  diverging  to  the 
right  beyond  the  gate  is  the  'Leisten-Strasse',  near  which  the  ex- 
cellent 'Leistenwein'  is  produced.  The  second  road  diverging  to 
the  right  from  the  high-road  (by  the  garden-restaurant  of  Leimsud) 
leads  to  a  Station  Path,  which  ascends  in  10-12  min.  to  the  octa- 
gonal Maeibn-Kapbllb  {^Kdppele';  PI.  A,  4)  on  the  Nicolausberg 
(1178  ft.),  a  pilgrimage-chapel ,  built  in  1748-92  and  containing 
good  altar-pieces.  The  terrace  in  front  of  it  affords  fine  views  of 
the  town  and  fortress.  If  we  ascend  the  steps  behind  the  chapel, 
we  may  follow  the  slope  to  the  left  (beautiful  view)  to  the  (10  min.) 
Schiitzenhof  Restaurant,  and  thence  regain  the  town  in  1/4  hr. 

On  the  hill  opposite  Wiirzburg,  427  ft,  above  the  river,  rises 
the  fortress  of  Marienberg  (1016  ft.;  PL  A,  3),   constructed  since 


to  Nuremberg.  KITZINGEN.  U.  Route.     69 

1650  on  the  site  occupied  successively  by  a  Roman  fort  and  an 
episcopal  castle,  which  was  taken  by  Gustaviis  Adolphus  in  1631. 
To  reach  it  we  cross  the  bridge,  turn  to  the  right,  and  ascend  to  the 
left  by  the  'Erste  Schlossgasse'  (12  min.).  We  apply  to  the  guard 
above  the  second  covered  gateway  and  are  conducted  to  several  fine 
points  of  view  (cards  of  admission  at  the  'Kommandantur';  gratis). 

In  1525  the  insurgent  peasantry  lost  time  and  strength  in  a  vain  at- 
tempt to  capture  this  castle ,  after  which  the  episcopal  troops  entered 
the  town  and  executed  60  of  the  ringleaders.  Near  Wiirzburg  the  Arch- 
duke Charles  defeated  the  French  General  Jourdan  in  1796.  In  1866  the 
campaign  of  the  Prussian  army  of  the  Main  terminated  at  Wiirzhurg  with 
the  bombardment  of  the  fortress  (27th  July).  An  armistice  was  concluded 
next  day. 

Railway  to  Bamberg,  K.  17;  to  Munich,  R.  25;  to  Heidelberg,  R.  15. 

The  line  to  Ansbach  (p.  130)  and  Gunzenhausen  diverges  here. 
The  next  stations  on  the  Nuremberg  line  are  (86  M.)  Rottendorf 
and  (90  M.)  Dettelbach  (a  town  on  the  Main,  3  M.  to  the  E.). 

951/2  M.  Kitzingen  (625ft.;  *Schwan;  Rothes  Ross;  Stern,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Main),  a  busy  trading  town,  with  7541  inhab., 
noted  for  its  beer,  is  connected  by  an  ancient  stone  bridge,  886  ft. 
long,  with  the  suburb  of  Etwashausen  on  the  left  bank.  In  1525 
Margrave  Casimir  of  Ansbach  ordered  seven  of  the  burghers  to  be 
executed  in  the  market-place ,  and  many  others  to  be  deprived  of 
sight ,  as  a  punishment  for  their  participation  in  the  Peasants' 
War,  On  a  hill  near  the  station,  ^/o  M.  to  the  S.W.  of  the  town, 
are  the  Waterworks,  supplied  from  the  Main  by  steam-power.  Above 
the  station  is  the  Neue  Schiesshaus ,  which  affords  a  charming  view 
of  the  vine-clad  hills  of  the  Main  and  of  the  Steigerwald. 

The  line  crosses  the  Main  by  a  handsome  bridge,  290  yds.  long, 
and  runs  to  the  S.E.  through  a  hilly  district,  passing  the  Schwan- 
berg.  Stations  Mainbernhebn ,  Iphofen  (with  walls,  towers,  old 
town-gates ,  and  a  Gothic  church) ,  Markt-Einersheim ,  Hellmitz- 
heim,  Markt-Bibart ,  Langenfeld,  siVLd.  [120  M.')  Neustadt ,  on  the 
Aisch,  a  hop-trading  place ,  with  remains  of  old  walls  and  towers 
(4100  inhab.). 

Beancii  Railway  by  Dottenheim  and  Ipsheim  to  (9V2  M.)  "Windsheim, 
an  ancient  little  town  on  the  Aisch,  once  a  free  town  of  the  empire,  and 
still  surrounded  with  walls. 

Beyond  (125  M.)  Emskirchen  we  cross  the  Aurach  by  a  fine 
viaduct,  132  ft.  high.  i'2SM.  Hagenbiichach ;  134  M.  Siegelsdorf 
(branch-line  to  Langenzenri);  136^2  M.  Burgfarrnbach,  with  a 
chateau  of  Count  Piickler.  Then  across  the  Rednitz.  On  the  right 
the  Alte  Feste  (p.  70). 

140  M.  Furth  (964  ft.;  Hotel  KiXtt,  Hotel  National,  both  at  the 
Fiirth  and  Nuremberg  Railway  Station;  Schwarzes  Kreuz ,  Drei 
Kbnige,  in  the  town,  plainer;  L'.  S.  Consut),  a  busy  town  with  42,659 
inhab.,  vies  with  Nuremberg  in  its  staple  commodities  of  toys  and 
fancy-articles,  and  possesses  very  extensive  manufactories  of  gold- 
leaf  and  of  mirrors.  Conspicuous  among  the  buildings  is  the  modern 


70     Route  15.  LAUDA. 

Rathhaus  with  its  lofty  tower.  The  Gothic  Church  of  St.  Michael 
(14th  cent.)  contains  a  beautiful  late-Gothic  *Ciborium,  25  ft.  high. 
The  Rednitz,  which  joins  the  Pegnitz  below  the  town  to  form  the 
Regnitz,  is  crossed  by  a  railway  and  a  suspension-bridge. 

From  FiJRTH  to  CADOLZBrEO,  8M.,  local  railway  in  35  min.,  via  Dam- 
hach  and  (21/2  M.)  AUe  Veste.  At  the  Alte  Veste  (1184  ft.),  on  a  hill  on  the 
Rednitz ,  the  battle  between  Gustavus  Adolphus  and  Wallenstein,  which 
compelled  the  Swedish  monarch  to  retreat,  was  fought  on  4th  Sept.,  1632. 
The  headquarters  of  Gustavus  were  at  the  inn  'Zum  Griinen  Baum\  in  the 
street  now  named  after  him.  Six  different  attacks  on  the  intrenched  camp 
of  Wallenstein  had  proved  unsuccessful.  Extensive  view  from  the  tower. 
The  adjoining  restaurant  is  a  favourite  resort  of  the  Ifurembergers.  — 
The  line  proceeds  via  Zirndorf,  Weiherhof,  and  Egei'sdorf  to  (8  M.)  Cadolz- 
burg,  a  market-village  with  1237  inhab.  and  a  well-preserved  Castle  of  the 
Counts  of  Hohenzollern,  with  their  armorial  bearings  on  the  outer  gate.  The 
oldest  part  of  the  castle  dates  from  the  9th  cent.,  the  newer  parts  from  1410. 

The  main  line  between  Fiirth  (junction  for  the  line  to  Bamberg, 
p.  81)  and  (5  M.)  Nuremberg  is  the  Staatsbahn  or  government- 
railway;  trains  also  run  hourly  (in  Vi^^O  o"  the  Ludwigshnhn  (sta- 
tion at  Nuremberg  outside  the  Spittler-Thor),  the  oldest  line  in  Ger- 
many (1835)  ;  and  there  is  also  a  tramway  (p.  96).  Our  train  crosses 
the  Ludwigs-Kanal  near  (141 M.)  Doos,  runs  for  a  little  way  parallel 
with  it,  and  then  turns  to  the  E.  into  the  (145  M.)  Nuremberg 
station  (p.  95). 

15.  From  Wiirzbnrg  to  Heidelberg. 

99  M.  Railway  in  33/4-51/2  hrs.  (fares  12  J/.  dO,  8  J(  50,  5  ^  50  pf.).  — 
From  Wiirzburg  to  Stuttgart,  express  in  4  hrs.  via  Osterburken  and  Heil- 
bronn;  Berlin  to  Stuttgart  via  Wiirzburg  in  16  hrs.  ;  comp,  R.  4, 

The  line  coincides  with  the  Munich  line  as  far  as  (4  M.)  Hei- 
dingsfeld  (p.  128),  diverges  to  the  right ,  and  ascends  through  a 
monotonous  hilly  region.  6^/2  M.  Reichenberg ;  the  village,  in  the 
valley  to  the  left,  is  overlooked  by  a  handsome  Schloss  on  the  hill 
above.  10  M.  Geroldshausen;  beyond  (14  M.)  Kirchheim  we  cross 
the  Baden  frontier.  The  line  now  descends.  Beyond  (17  M.) 
Wittighausen  several  deep  cuttings  and  a  tunnel.  Then  through 
the  wooded  and  grassy  valley  of  the  Grunhach  to  (201/.2  M.)  Zimmem, 
where  the  vine-culture  begins.  22^/2  M.  Griinsfeld,  an  old  town, 
with  part  of  the  walls  still  standing.  The  handsome  church  con- 
tains a  good  monument  to  a  Countess  von  Wertheim  (d.  1503)  by 
Tilman  Riemenschneider.  251/2  M.  Gerlachsheim.  The  train  crosses 
the  Tauber,  and  turns  to  the  left  to  (27  M.)  Lauda  (*Rail.  Restau- 
rant), junction  of  the  Wertheim  line. 

Fkom  Ladda  to  Wertheim  (20  M.)  railway  in  1  hr.  through  the  smiling 
Tauber-Thal.  21/2 M.  DistelMnsen;b]Sl.  Tauberbi'schofsheim  (Adler;  3400 inhab.), 
the  scene  of  an  engagement  between  the  Prussian  and  Wurtemberg  troops 
in  July,  1866  ;  71/2  M.  Hochhausen  ;  12  M.  Gamburg,  with  an  old  castle.  Two 
bridges  and  two  tannels.  15  M.  Bronnhach ;  the  old  Cistercian  abbey,  with 
a  transition-church  of  the  12th  cent.,  now  belongs  to  Prince  Lowenstein. 
17  M.  Reicholzheim;  19V2  M.   Wertheim  (p.  63). 

From  Lauda  to  Mrrgentheim.  6  M.,  railway  in  25  min.,  by  Unter- 
balbach    and   Edeljingen.    —   Uergentheim   (670  ft. ;    Hirsch,   in   the    town  ^ 


KONIGSHOFEN.  15.  Route.    71 

Deutscher  i?o/,  at  the  station)  ia  an  old  town  on  the  Tauber  (pop.  4400), 
where  the  Master  of  the  Teutonic  Order  resided  down  to  1805.  The  large 
Schloss,  built  in  the  Renaissance  style  in  1572,  is  now  a  barrack.  The 
most  interesting  of  the  churches  is  St.  John's,  in  the  Gothic  style  (13th  cent.). 
The  Karlsbad  ('Curhaus,  closed  in  winter),  near  the  town,  has  springs 
containing  salt  and  magnesia.  —  From  Mergentheim  to  Crailsfieim,  see  p.  26. 

281/2^-  'KonigBhofen  (Deutscher Hop,  a  small  and  ancient  town 
at  tlie  confluence  of  the  Umpfer  and  the  Tauber,  where  the  in- 
surgent peasants  were  defeated  in  1525. 

The  line  quits  the  Tauber,  and  turns  to  the  S.W.  into  the 
Vmpfer-Thal.  31 M.  Unterschiipf;  33 M,  Schweigern ;  34 M.  Boxhtrg- 
Wolchingen.  At  Boxberg  a  ruined  castle.  The  church  of  Wcilchingen 
(to  the  right),  in  the  transition-style  of  the  13th  cent,,  has  hand- 
some portals  and  interesting  Romanesque  capitals.  It  contains  the 
tombstones  of  several  knights  of  Rosenberg  (14th  and  15th  cent.). 
Beyond  a  tunnel,  (41  M.)  Eubigheim.  Then  through  the  Kimach- 
Thai  to  Hirschlanden^  Rosenberg^  and  (48^/2  M.)  Osterburken  ( Kanne, 
opposite  the  station),  an  ancient  town  on  the  site  of  a  Roman  camp. 

Fbom  Osterburken  to  Jagstfeld,  23'/2  M.,  railway  in  l'/4  hour.  The 
line  crosses  the  Kirnach,  and  traverses  the  valley  of  that  stream  to  Adels- 
heim,  a  small  town  on  the  E.  spurs  of  the  Odenwald.  Then  through  the 
Seckach-T/ial  to  Senn/eld,  Eoigheim,  and  (10  M.)  Mockmiihl^  an  old  town, 
with  walls  and  towers,  at  the  influx  of  the  Seckach  into  the  Jagst,  stoutly 
defended  by  Gotz  von  Berlichingen  against  the  Swabian  League  in  1519; 
at  the  N.  end  are  the  extensive  ruins  of  the  castle.  —  We  cross  the  Jagst 
and  follow  the  left  bank  to  Ziittlingen,  Siglingen,  N'eudenau,  Unter-Gries- 
heiin,  and  Jagstfeld  (p.  21). 

The  Baden  railway  diverges  to  the  right  from  the  Wurtemberg 
line,  passes  through  a  tunnel,  and  traverses  pleasant  wooded  and 
grassy  valleys  on  the  S.E.  fringe  of  the  Odenwald.  50  M.  Adels- 
heim,-  the  little  town  is  3/4  M.  distant  (see  above).  The  line  now 
runs  through  the  Seckach-Thal.  Several  tunnels.  53  M.  Seckach; 
56  M.  Eicholzheim;  57  M.  Schefflenz;  60M.  Aucrftacft.  Near  (62  M.) 
Dallau  the  Elz  is  crossed.  63  M.  Neckarburken.  66  M.  Mosbach 
(*Prinz  Karl;  Badischer  Hof;  Rail.  Restaurant),  an  old  and  busy 
little  town  on  the  Elz,  with  3J00  inhabitants. 

68  M.  Neckarelz  (435  ft. ;  Rail.  Res'aurant),  at  the  influx  of  the 
Elz  into  the  Neckar,  is  the  junction  of  the  Stuttgart  and  Hanau 
line  (p.  22). 

From  Jseckarelz  to  Meckesheim,  20  M.,  railway  in  l-l'/z  hour.  The 
train  crosses  the  Neckar.  Beyond  a  short  tunnel  is  the  little  chateau  of 
Neuherg  on  the  right.  Two  tunnels.  Stations  Asbach ,  Aglasterhausen, 
Jlelmstadt,  Waibstadt  (with  a  Gothic  church).  We  next  follow  the  Schuarz- 
bach-Thal.  Ib^j-z  M.  Neidenstein,  with  a  chateau;  17  M.  Eschelbronn.  —  20  M. 
Meckesheim,  junction  of  the  Heilbronn  and  Heidelberg  railway  (see  p.  22). 

From  Neckarelz  to  (80  M.)  Eberbach,  junction  for  Darmstadt 
andHanau,  seep.  22.  Beyond  the  next  tunnel  is  (So M.)Birschhom 
(*Zum  Naturalisten),  picturesquely  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  fine 
castle  of  that  name.  87  M.  JSeckarhansen.  —  89  M.  Neckarsteinach 
{^Harfe,  with  a  garden  on  the  Neckar),  with  four  old  castles  of 
the  Steinachs,  surnamed  the  Landschaden  ('land-scourges').  The 
Mittelburg,  one  of  these  castles,  has  been  restored  in  the  mediaeval 


72     Route  16.  PLAUEN. 

style.    Opposite,  on  a  wooded  hill,  rises  the  ancient  castle  of  Dils- 
herg.    Beyond  a  tunnel  the  train  crosses  the  Neckar, 

93  M.  Neckargemund  (Pfalz ;  Hirsch),  where  the  Neckar  re- 
ceives the  Elsenz,  is  the  junction  of  the  line  to  Meckesheim  and 
Neckarelz  (see  p.  71).  Opposite  (951/2  M.)  Schlierbach  is  the  ahbey 
of  Neuburg.  A  number  of  villas  are  passed  as  we  near  Heidelberg. 
The  train  stops  first  at  the  Carlsthor  station  (for  the  upper  town), 
and  then  passes  through  a  long  tunnel  below  the  castle  to  the 
(99  M.)  principal  station  (see  Baedeker's  Rhine), 

16.  From  Leipsic  to  Nuremberg  by  Bamberg. 

220  M.  Railway,  express  in  8-91/4  hrs.  (fares  29  Jl  50,  21  J(  40,  15  Jt 
10  pf.),  ordinary  trains  in  13  hrs.  (fares  28  Jl  70,  20  J(  20,  13.  Jf  30  pf.)- 
—  Express  from  Leipsic  to  Munich  by  Nuremberg  in  13V4  brs.  (fares  44  J^ 
20,  31  J(  70  pf.,  24  Jl)  i  to  Lindau  by  Nordlingen  and  Augsburg  in  18  hrs. 
(fares  62  Jl  40,  44  Jl  60,  29  J{  30  pf.).  —  The  express  from  Berlin  to 
Nuremberg  and  Munich  runs  via  Halle,  Weissenfels,  Zeitz,  Gera,  Saalfeld, 
Probstzella,  and  Hochstadt  (see  p.  74;  time  14  hrs.  25  min.;  via  Leipsic 
and  Hof-Wiesau  12  hrs.  48  min.),  and  is  joined  at  Zeitz  by  the  train  from 
Leipsic,  starting  from  the  Thuringian  Station. 

Leipsic,  see  Baedekers  Northern  Germany.  We  start  from  the 
Bavarian  Station.  51/2  M.  Gaschwitz;  9  M.  Bohlen;  13  M.  Kieritzsch, 
where  a  branch  diverges  to  Chemnitz. 

241/2  M.  Altenburg  (Hotel  de  Saxe;  Hotel  de  Russie,  etc.),  with 
31,440  inhab.,  capital  of  the  Duchy  of  Sachsen-Altenburg,  is  over- 
looked by  the  ducal  Schloss.  Late-Gothic  church  (1410),  and  fine 
park.     (See  Baedeker's  Northern  Germany.') 

331/2  ^1'  Gossnitz,  junction  for  Glauchau  and  Chemnitz  to  the 
E.,  and  Gera  to  the  W. ;  39  M.  Crimmitzschau  ]  46  M.  Werdau 
(junction  for  Zwickau),  all  with  spinning  and  weaving  factories. 
To  the  left ,  on  a  wooded  hill,  Schloss  Schbnfels.  51  M.  Neumark, 
junction  for  Greiz.  —  56I/2M.  Eeichenbach  (Lamm;  Deutscher  Kai- 
ser; *Rail.  Restaurant),  a  manufacturing  town  with  21,595  in- 
habitants. —  Carriages  are  changed  here  for  Eger  (see  below). 

The  train  crosses  the  deep  Goltzsch-Thal  by  a  grand  viaduct  with 
four  rows  of  arches  one  above  the  other,  706  yds.  in  length  and 
285  ft.  high.  Below,  to  the  left,  lies  the  little  town  of  Mylau. 
591/2  M.  Netzschkau ;  63  M.  Herlasgriin  (branch-line  hy  Auerbach 
and  Falkenslein  to  Oelsnitz,  see  below).  Then  another  lofty  viaduct 
across  the  deep,  wooded  ELster-Thal. 

72  M.  Plauen  (Weil's  Hotel;  Blauer  Engel;  Wettiner  Hof; 
Furstenhalle ;  Stadt  Dresden;  U.  S.  Consular  Agent,  T.  W.  Peters),  a 
busy  manufacturing  town  on  the  Weisse  Elster  (47,000  inhab.),  is 
the  capital  of  the  Voigtland,  overlooked  by  the  old  castle  of  Hrad- 
schin,  anciently  the  seat  of  the  Voigt  or  governor. 

From  Plauen  to  Wiesau  vi.\  Egek,  Q2^/-i  M.,  railway  in  33/4  hrs.  The 
line  diverges  to  the  left  from  the  Hof  and  Nuremberg  line  and  leads  through 
the  picturesque  Elster-Thal,  a  hilly  district  with  numerous  factories.  2  M. 
Neundorf;  6  M.  Weischlilz  (junction  for  the  Elsterthal  Railway  to  Greiz  and 
Gera);   V/2  M.    Pirk;   121/2  M.  Oelsnitz  (branch  to  Auerbach  and  Zwickau); 


EOF.  16.  Route.    73 

201/2  M.  Adorf  (branch  to  Chemnitz).  Then  (22i^  M.J  Elster  ( H(itel  de  Saxe, 
with  the  Cursaal;  'Wetliner  Hof;  Baver,  etc.),  a  pleasant  watering-place, 
with  alkaline  and  saline  springs. 

The  train  quits  the  Elster  and  crosses  the  watershed  between  the 
Elster  and  the  Eger.  31  M.  Brambach.  At  (37  M.")  Voitersreuth,  the  Austrian 
frontier-station,  luggage  is  examined.  42  M.  Franzensbad,  junction  fur  Hof 
(see  below).  —  46V2  M-  Eger  (luggage  fr^m  Munich  examined  here ;  "Rail. 
Festaurant).  Description  of  the  town,  and  routes  hence  to  Carlsbad  and 
Prague.,  and  to  Vienna  via  Pilsen,  see  Baedeker's  Austria. 

Beyond  Eger  the  train  quits  the  Austrian  territory.  At  (53V2  M.)  Wald- 
sassen  is  a  Cistercian  abbey,  founded  in  112S,  suppressed  in  1803;  hand- 
some church  in  the  baroque  style;  fine  carving  in  the  library-hall.  66  M. 
Steinmiihle;  59  M.  Milterteich,  on  the  watershed  between  the  Eger  and  the 
Nab.  To  the  right  is  the  Kosseine,  p.  92.  At  (62V2  M.)  Wiesau  (p.  134),  the 
line  unites  with  that  via  Hof  to  Munich. 

79  M.  Mehltheuer;  82^/2^. Schonberg (\>T&nch  to Schleiz).  Beyoud 
(87 1/2  M.)  Reuth  the  train  enters  Bavaria.  The  blue  outlines  of  the 
Fichtelgebirge  (see  Map,  p.  88)  become  visible  on  the  left. 

1021/2  M.  Hof  (1656  ft.;  *Kaiserhof;  Hirsch^  Wittelsbacher  Hof, 
both  at  the  station;  *Lamm;  *  Prim- Regent;  *Goldner  Lowe,  R. 
iyi-2j^,  B.  70  pf.;  *RaU.  Restaurant),  a  considerable  town  on  the 
Saale,  with  24,548  inhab.,  is  the  junction  of  the  Munich  line  via 
Wiesau  and  Ratisbon  (R.  27).  Gothic  Rathhaus  of  1563.  The  fine 
Michaelskirche ,  consecrated  in  1299  and  frequently  altered,  was 
thoroughly  restored  in  1884.  On  the  Theresienstein  (*Restaurant) 
is  the  pretty  public  park;  1/2  M.  farther  off  is  the  Labyrinthenberg 
(1866  ft.),  with  a  ruin  and  a  belvedere :  view  of  the  rounded  sum- 
mit of  the  Dobraberg  (2325  ft.)  to  the  W.,  in  the  Franconian  forest. 

Branch  Railway,  14V2  M.,  in  28min.,  via.  Ifaila  io  Marxgrun,  whence 
a  diligence  runs  twice  daily  in  1/2  hr.  to  (3  M.)  Stehen  f2130  ft.;  'Neu^s  Cttr- 
H6tel;  Cur-Hotel  d-  Bayrischer  Hof;  Anker;  Pension  Sporl),  a  loftily  situated 
chalybeate  bath,  well  fitted  up.  The  little  town  (800  inhab.)  was  almost 
entirely  burned  down  in  1877  and  has  been  handsomely  rebuilt.  In  1796-97 
Alexander  von  Humboldt  was  mining  superintendent  here;  the  house  he 
occupied  is  denoted  by  a  tablet.  Excursions  to  the  'Hollenthal,  to  the 
Lang enatier- Thai.,  and  to  Blankenberg,  prettily  situated  on  the  Saale.  — 
From  Steben  to  Kronach  (p.  74)  diligence  daily  in  6  hrs.,  via  Geroldsgriin, 
Steiniciesen,  and   Unterrodach. 

From  Hof  to  Egek,  371/2  M.  (railway  in  21/2  hrs.).  31/2  M.  Oberkotzau; 
8V2  M.  Kehatt  (on  the  right  the  Orosse  Kor'nberg,  with  a  view-tower);  15V2  M. 
Selb.  —  20  M.  Asch  (Post),  a  Bohemian  manufacturing  town,  with  13,200  in- 
hab., contains  monuments  to  Luther  and  Joseph  U.  Fine  view  from  the 
Hainberg,  V2  br.  to  the  N.,  the  highest  point  of  the  Elstergebirge.  [A 
branch-line  runs  from  the  station,  which  is  IV4  M  from  the  town,  by 
Asch-Stadt,  Neuberg,  and  Thonbrunn.,  to  (83/4  M.)  Eossbach ,  with  consider- 
able manufactories.]  —  Then  stat.  Hasslau  y  Antonienhohe-  Stockermiihle, 
Franzensbad,  and  (371/2  M.)  Eger  (see  above). 

The  line  traverses  a  hilly  district,  running  near  the  winding 
Saale.  106  M.  Oberkotzau,  junction  of  the  line  to  Ratisbon  and 
Munich  (R.  27);  109  M.  Schxmrzenbach,  on  the  Saale;  II3V2M. 
Seulbitz.  —  117  M.  Milnchberg  (*Bayr.  Hof;  branch-line  to  Helm- 
brechts,  51/2  M.,  in  35  min.). 

The  Waldstein  (2890  ft.)  is  most  easily  ascended  hence  (comp.  p.  91). 
Pleasant  footpath  (or  by  omnilius  twice  daily  in  50  min.)  to  (3  M.)  Sparneck 
(Post);  thence  by  a  distinct  path  to  the  top  in  50  minutes. 

1231/2  ^1-  Stammbach.  On  the  left  rise  the  Waldstein  (see  above), 


74     Route  16.  LICHTENFELS.  From  Leipsic 

Schneeberg  (p.  91),  and  Ochseukopf  (p.  90),  the  highest  points  of 
the  Fichtelgebirge.  127^2  M.  Falls-Gefrees ;  the  village  of  Gefrees 
lies  in  the  Liibnitz- Thai,  3  M.  to  the  E.  131  M.  Markt- Schorgast 
(1660  ft.)  lies  in  the  valley  to  the  right  (to  Berneck,  see  p.  89). 
The  engineering  of  the  line  here  is  interesting  (gradient  at  first 
1  :  40  ;  descent  to  Neuenmarkt  575  ft.) :  cuttings,  embankments,  and 
dark  pine-clad  valleys  in  rapid  succession.  To  the  left  in  the  distance 
is  the  former  Cistercian  abbey  of  Himmelkron^  known  for  the  legend 
of  the  Countess  of  Orlamiinde  (the  'White  Lady';  d.  1382),  ancestress 
of  the  Brandenburg -Kulmbach  family.  Gothic  cloisters  and  the 
burial-vaults  of  the  counts. 

131 1/2 M.  Neuenmarkt  (junction  for  Bayreuth  and  Schnabelwaid, 
etc.,  see  p.  86  and  R.  25);  IV2  M.  to  the  N.  is  Wirsherg  (1470  ft. ; 
Hot.  Werner,  etc.),  a  summer-resort,  with  pretty  walks.  — 139  M. 
Vnter -  Steinach ;  3  M.  to  the  N.  lies  Stadt-Steinach.  Country 
picturesque,  especially  near  (142 M.)  Kulmbach  (1075  ft. ;  *Goldner 
Hirsch,  R.  1  J/  60-2,  B.  3/^,  D.  1  J/  80  pf.;  *RaiL  Restaurant),  a 
town  with  7000  inhab.,  famed  for  its  beer,  formerly  the  residence 
of  the  Margraves  of  Brandenburg-Kulmbach,  on  the  Weisse  Main, 
commanded  by  the  Plassenburg  (1390  ft.),  now  a  prison. 

Near  (146^2  M.)  Mainleus,  by  Schloss  Stemenhausen,  the  Weisse 
and  Rothe  Main  unite  to  form  the  Main.  149^/2^.  Mainroth; 
I52V2  M.  Burgkunstadt,  a  little  town  with  an  old  Rathhaus  and 
Schloss.  We  cross  the  Main  to  (1551/2  M.)  Hochstadt-Marktzeuln, 
junction  of  the  Probstzella,  Saalfeld,  and  Berlin  line. 

Fkom  Hochstadt  to  Saalfeld  (50  M.)  railway  in  21/2-872  hrs.  through 
the  pretty  Rodach-Thal.  2V2  M.  Redwitz,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Steinach- 
Thal;  5  M.  Ober-Langenstadt;  6V2  M.  Kilps,  a  considerable  village  with  a 
chateau  of  Herr  von  Redwitz.  —  10  M.  Kronach  (Goldner  Wagen  or  Post; 
Sonne),  a  small  town  (4000  inhab.)  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hasslach  and 
Rodach,  formerly  fortified  and  bravely  defended  during  the  Thirty  Years' 
War,  was  the  birthplace  of  the  painter  Lucas  Miiller,  known  as  Cranach 
(1472-1553).  The  Gothic  church  (1518-1607)  stands  on  a  lufty  rock,  which 
ascends  to  the  imposing  and  well-preserved  fortress  of  Rosenberg  (1240  ft.; 
now   pleasure-grounds,   with  restaurant  and   a  small   historical  museum). 

Thence  through  the  Hasslach-T/ial  by  stat.  Gundelsdorf  to  (1572  M.)  Stock- 
heim,  with  valuable  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity.  The  line  now  ascends  by 
Rotkenkii'chen  and  Fortschendorf  to  (26  M.)  Steinbach  (1950  ft.),  on  the  water- 
shed between  the  Rhine  and  the  Elbe,  and  descends  into  the  Loquitz-Thal 
to  (29  M.)  Ludwigsstadt  (branch-line  in  40  min.  to  Lehesten,  with  extensive 
slate-quarries).  By  the  hamlet  of  Lauenstein  the  train  quits  Bavaria,  enters 
Saxe-Meiningen,  and  reaches  (34  M.)  Probstzella  (Rail.  Restaurant),  where 
it  joins  the  Prussian  State  railway.  Then  Marktgolitz,  Unterloquitz ,  Eichicht, 
and  (50  M.)  Saalfeld,  junction  of  the  lines  to  Jena,  Grossheringen,  Halle, 
and  Berlin,  and  to  Weida,  Zeitz,  and  Weissenfels  or  Leipsic:  see  Baedeker'' s 
Northern  Germany. 

161  M.  Lichtenfels  (866  ft. ;  Anker,  R.  1-1 1/4  Jl,  Hotel  Moulin, 
both  near  the  station ;  *  Krone,  in  the  market)  is  the  junction  of 
the  Werra  line  (see  Baedeker  s  N.  Germany).  Schloss  Banz  on  the 
right  (IV4  ^^-  from  Lichtenfels)  and  Vierzehnheiligen  on  the  left 
(1  hr.)  are  conspicuous  objects.  Pleasure-grounds  on  the  Bargherg. 

Carriage  to  Vierzehnheiligen  472,  to  Banz  6  Jl  (return  included).  We 
may    visit  both    on    foot  by  going  from  Lichtenfels  to   Vierzehnheiligen 


to  Nuremberg.  BAMBERG.  16.  Route.    75 

(1  Lr.),  and  thence  to  Banz  (I'/z  lir.),  and  descending  to  ('/4  hr.)  stat. 
Staffelstein  (see  below).  By  the  direct  road  Banz  is  i^/-2  hr.  from  Lichten- 
fels:  we  follow  the  direction  of  the  railway,  cross  the  Main  at  the  ferry- 
houses,  and  then  ascend  the  hill. 

The  once  celebrated  Benedictine  Abbey  of  Banz  (1330  ft. ;  */n«),  founded 
in  1096,  was  dissolved  in  1803.  The  extensive  buildings  on  a  wooded  height, 
400  ft.  above  the  Main,  now  belong  to  Duke  Charles  Theodore  of  Bavaria. 
Delightful  view  from  the  terrace.  Valuable  collection  of  fossils  found  in 
the  lias  of  the  neighbourhood  (fine  sanrians,  colossal  ammonites,  etc.). 
The  Egyptian  collection  is  unimportant.  A  Descent  from  the  Cross,  a 
relief  in  silver,  presented  by  Pope  Pius  VI.  to  his  godson  Duke  Pius  of 
Bavaria,  is  erroneously  attributed  to  Benv.  Cellini. 

Opposite  Banz  is  Vierzehnheiligen  (1270  ft. ;  Hirsch),  the  most  frequented 
shrine  in  Franconia,  visited  by  about  50,000  pilgrims  annually.  The  church, 
with  its  two  towers,  was  rebuilt  in  the  rococo  style  in  1743-72.  An  altar 
in  the  centre  of  the  nave  marks  the  spot,  where,  according  to  the  legend, 
the  14  'Nothhelfer'  ('helpers  in  need")  appeared  to  a  shepherd-boy  in  1446, 
and  gave  rise  to  the  foundation  of  the  church.  The  two  W.  chapels 
contain  numerous  thank-offerings ,  such  as  figures  in  wax,  etc.  —  The 
traveller  who  has  visited  Banz  is  not  recommended  to  go  to  Vierzehn- 
heiligen also,  unless  for  the  sake  of  extending  his  excursion  along  the  tup 
of  the  hill  to  the  (8  M.)  chapel  (Restaurant)  and  the  verge  of  the  precipitous 
Staffelberg  (see  below). 

Near  (166  M.)  Staffelstein  the  Staffelberg  (1770  ft.)  with  its  cha- 
pel, on  the  left,  rises  abruptly  from  the  valley;  and  farther  on,  to 
the  S.,  is  the  Veitsberg  (1515  ft.),  with  a  chapel  and  ruined  castle. 
169  M.  Ebensfeld;  1721/2  M.  Zapfendorf;  ill  M.  Breiten-Giissbach 
(to  the  left,  Schloss  Giech);  179V2M.  Hallstadt.  Near  Bamberg  the 
line  from  Schweinfurt  (p.  83)  joins  ours  on  the  right. 

181  M.  Bamberg.  —  Hotels.  *Bamberger  Hof  (PI.  a  ;  C,  B,  2),  Gruner 
Markt,  R.,  L.,  A.  2  Jl  50,  B.  70-80  pf.,  D.  2^-2  Jl.  —  Deutsches  Haus 
(PI.  b  ;  C,  2),  Konig-Str.,  R.  &  B.  from  V/-^  Jl ;  <Drei  Kkonen  (PI.  d;  B,  3), 
Lany;e-Str.,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  1V2-3,  B.  3/4,  D.  incl.  wine  2  Jl  7Upf.  5  Eblanger 
Hof  (PI.  c;  C.  1),  near  the  station,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  IVz-S,  B.  1/2  1,  !>•  21/2  J( ; 
Hot.  &  Restaurant  Luitpold,  Luitpold-Str.,  near  the  station. 

Restaurants.  Messerschmitt,  corner  of  the  Langen-Str.  and  Promenaden- 
Str.  (good  Franconian  wine);  Rathskeller^  Kessler-Str.  ;  Deutsches  Hatts^  see 
above;  Tambosi  and  Wittelsbach,  with  gardens,  both  on  the  Promenade ; 
Angra^  at  the  Sophienbriicke;  Theater-Restaurant,  Schiller-Platz ;  Villa 
Remeis,  with  view  (p.  79).  Beer  at  the  Fdsslein ,  Konig-Str.  etc.  Beer- 
Gardens  on  the  Michaelsbery;,  Stephansberg,  Kaulberg,  and  Jakobsberg, 
much  frequented  on  summer-evenings,  with  fine  views. 

Cab  into  the  town,  with  one  horse  75  pf.,  with  two  horses  l'/2  Jif; 
to  the  Jakobslierg  1  or  2  J(,  to  the  Michaelsberg  IV4  or  2'/2  Jf ;  to  the 
Altenburg  0  Jl  (two  horses).  Within  the  town:  '/4  hr.  50  pf.  or  1  UJf, 
1/2  hr.  i  ovIJl^i  hr.  2  ov  'i  Jl. 

Post  Office  (PI.  C,  3),  Schiller-Platz  and  at  the  station  (PI.  D.  1).  — 
Telegraph  Office  (Fl.  10;  B,  8),  at  the  lower  bridge. 

Swimming  Baths  at  the   Theresienhain  (p.  80),  above  the  town. 

United  States  Consular  Agent,  Louis  Stern,  Esq. 

Bamberg  (785  ft.),  a  town  with  35,248  inhab.,  lies,  in  a  very 
fertile  district  on  both  banks  of  the  Begnitz,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Ludwigs- Canal  (connecting  the  Main  and  the  Danube,  little 
used)  and  3M.  above  its  confluence  with  the  Main.  The  town  al- 
ready enjoyed  municipal  privileges  in  973,  was  erected  into  a 
bishopric  by  Emp.  Henry  II.  in  1007,  and  since  1802  has  be- 
longed to  Bavaria.    About  half  of  the  town  is  built  upon  a  chain 


76     Route  16.  BAMBERG,  From  Leip sic 

of  Mils,  crowned  -with  churches.  Busy  industries  have  sprung  up 
here  of  late  years  (cotton-spinning,  weaving,  brewing,  etc.). 

The  Luitpold-Strasse  leads  from  the  station  to  the  town.  In  the 
St.  Gangolph-Platz,  on  the  left,  is  the  church  of  St.  Gangolph  (PI. 
C,  1,  2),  founded  in  1063,  originally  Romanesque,  with  a  Gothic 
choir,  but  disfigured  by  alterations.  In  the  chapel  in  the  N.  tran- 
sept, behind  the  altar,  there  is  a  crucifix  with  a  draped  and  crowned 
figure  of  Christ  in  repose,  over  lifesize. 

The  E.  branch  of  the  Regnitz  is  crossed  by  three  bridges,  the 
Sophienhrilcke  (Ph  C,  2),  the  new  Peunthrucke  (PI.  D,  3),  and  the 
Kettenbrilcke  (PI.  C,  2).  The  chief  traffic  crosses  the  Kettenbriicke, 
or  chain-bridge,  constructed  in  1828-29,  from  which  the  Hauptwach- 
Strasse  leads  to  the  S.  to  the Maximilians-Platz  and  the  GriineMarkt. 

In  the  Maximilian s-Platz  (PI.  B,  C,  2),  on  the  right,  is  the 
Priester-Seminar  (PL  3).  In  the  centre  rises  an  imposing  Fountain 
(PI.  13),  executed  in  1880  by  Miller  of  Munich,  with  statues  of 
Maximilian  I.  of  Bavaria,  Emp.  Henry  II.,  his  wife  Kunigunde, 
Bishop  Otho  the  Saint,  and  Emp.  Conrad  III. 

Farther  on  is  the  Gbunb  Markt  (PI.  B,  2,  3),  where  the  well- 
stocked  vegetable-market  is  held  in  the  forenoon.  On  the  right,  at 
the  corner  of  the  Jesuiten-Strasse,  is  the  church  of  St.  Martin 
(PI.  1),  built  l)yAndr.Pozzo  in  the  Baroque  style  in  1686-1720,  with 
a  dome  and  massive  barrel- vaulting ;  the  tower.  180  ft.  high,  affords 
a  good  survey  of  the  town.  Adjoining  the  church  is  St.  Martins 
Pfarrhof.,  formerly  a  university  and  Jesuit  college,  now  the  Royal 
Lyceum  (Pi.  4).  The  entrance,  2  Jesuiten-Strasse,  leads  into  a 
court,  in  the  arcades  at  the  back  of  which  are  the  entrances  to  the 
hinder  Cabinet  of  Natural  History  (10-12;  on  the  right)  and  to  the 
*Library  (PI.  5,  B,  2;  on  the  left).  The  latter,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Jesuits'  library  with  collections  from  several  convents,  now 
contains  300000  vols,  and  upwards  of  3000  MSS. 

The  library  is  open  daily  (except  Sun.,  holidays,  and  Sat.  afternoons), 
8-12  and  2-4;  during  the  summer-holidays  visitors  are  admitted  from  9  to 
12.  Some  of  its  most  interesting  contents  are  exhibited  under  glass  in  the 
principal  hall :  fine  parchments  from  the  library  bequeathed  by  the  Emp. 
Eenry  II.  to  the  chapter  of  Bamberg;  several  Gospels  and  missals  of  the 
Carlovingian  period,  including  the  so-called  '•Bible  of  Alcuin\  probably 
written  at  Tours  ;  prayer-books  of  Henry  II.  and  his  wife  Kunigunde,  with 
fine  Byzantine^ivory  diptychs  of  the  11th  cent. ;  also  numerous  miniatures, 
rare  printed  works,  interesting  drawings,  water-colours,  etc.,  including 
several  ascribed  to  Diirer  (?). 

The  Griine  Markt,  in  which  rises  the  Neptune  Fountain  ('Gabel- 
mann';  PI.  14),  erected  in  1698,  and  the  Obstmarkt  lead  to  the 
Obere  Briicke  (PI.  B,  3),  a  bridge  over  the  left  arm  of  the  Regnitz, 
completed  in  1455,  with  a  stone  Crucifix  of  1715.  On  an  artificial 
island  halfway  across  stands  the  Rathhaus  (PI.  7),  rebuilt  in  1744- 
56,  and  adorned  externally  with  allegorical  frescoes  in  the  taste  of 
the  period.  The  old  tower  covering  the  entrance  to  the  bridge  is 
adorned  with  rococo  balconies.  —  A  little  lower  down  is  the  Lntere 


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to  Nuremberg.  BAMBERG.  16.  Route,     77 

Br'dcke,  an  iron  bridge  constructed  in  1858.  Above  is  another  Iron 
bridge  crossing  from  the  right  bank  to  the  Geierswiirth^  an  island 
with  an  old  episcopal  palace,  now  a  court  of  justice.  The  two  chief 
bridges  afford  fine  views  of  the  river  and  the  picturesque  houses  on 
its  banks.  —  From  the  Upper  Bridge  the  Carolinen-Str.  ascends  to 
the  Carolinbn-Platz,  a  square  enclosed  by  the  cathedral,  the 
old,  and  the  new  palace. 

The  *Catliedral  (PI.  B,  3)  with  its  four  towers,  one  of  the 
grandest  Romanesque  edifices  in  Germany  (312  ft.  long,  92  ft.  wide, 
and  86  ft.  high),  was  founded  by  Emp.  Henry  II.  in  1004,  but 
dates  in  its  present  form  from  the  close  of  the  12th  and  the  be- 
ginning of  the  13th  centiiry.  The  W.  choir,  with  the  transept 
in  front  of  it,  is  later,  as  its  pointed  style  and  moulded  pillars 
indicate,  perhaps  dating  from  1274,  when  an  indulgence  was  grant- 
ed to  the  promoters  of  the  building,  and  the  nave  covered  with 
its  pointed  ceiling.  The  four  eight-storied  towers  are  265  ft.  in 
height;  the  two  at  the  E.  end  are  in  pure  Romanesque,  but  the 
open-work  turrets  on  the  W.  towers  reveal  the  influence  of  the 
early  French  -  Gothic  style.  The  sculptures  are  among  the  best 
examples  of  German  plastic  art  between  the  late-Romanesque  and 
the  early-Renaissance  periods. 

The  sculptures  on  the  recessed  Principal  Portal  (Fiirstenthor,  N.), 
which  resembles  the  'Goldene  Pforte'  of  Freiberg  Cathedral,  represent  the 
Last  Judgment,  the  Apostles  standing  on  the  shoulders  of  the  Prophets, 
and  sj-mbolical  figures  of  Church  and  Synagogue  (the  last  with  its  eyes 
bandaged).  The  two  smaller  portals  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  E.  Choir, 
approached  by  a  fine  flight  of  steps,  are  also  embellished  with  sculptures: 
on  the  S.E.  portal  (the  'marriage-door'),  the  usual  entrance  to  the  cathe- 
dral, are  figures  of  Adam  and  Eve,  SS.  Peter  and  Stephen,  and  the  Emp. 
Henry  II.  and  his  consort  Kunigunde;  the  N.E.  door  (the  'Mother  of  God' 
or  'Grace'  door)  has  line  columns  with  elaborate  capitals;  above  the  archi- 
trave, the  Virgin  worshipped  by  saints. 

The  'Interior  (open  5.30-10.30  a.  m.;  in  the  afternoon  only  during 
service  on  Sun,  Wed.,  &  Sat)  was  judiciously  restored  by  King  Lewis  I. 
in  1828-87  and  purged  of  disfigurements.  (The  sacristan,  who  shows  the 
choirs  and  treasury,  lives  at  the  back  of  the  W.  choir;  entrance  in  the 
Carolinen-Platz  ;  fee  V2-I  Jf) 

In  the  centre  of  the  Nave  is  the  "Sarcophagus  of  the  founder  Henry  II. 
(d.  1024)  and  his  consort  Kunigunde  (d.  1038),  executed,  in  a  fine-grained 
limestone  resembling  marble,  by  Tilmann  Riemenschneider,  the  famous 
sculptor  of  Wiirzburg,  in  1499-1513.  On  the  highly  ornate  sarcophagus  re- 
pose the  emperor  and  empress,  over  lifesize,  in  the  fantastic  costumes  of 
the  15th  century.   The  reliefs  on  the  sides  represent  scenes  from  their  lives: 

1.  The  Empress  proves  her  innocence  by  walking  over  red-hot  plough-shares ; 

2.  She  pays  the  workmen  who  erected  the  church  founded  by  her;  3.  The 
Emperor  cured  of  an  illness  by  St.  Benedict;  4.  Ho  implores  pardon  for  sin; 
5.  His  death.  —  Modern  Pulpit  by  Rotermundt. 

To  the  left  of  the  approach  to  the  St.  George's  or  E.  Choir  is  an  Equgs- 
trian  Figure  of  Emp.  Conrad  III..,  who  died  at  Bamberg  in  1153  and  t\'as 
buried  in  the  cathedral  (or  perhaps  of  Stephen.  King  of  Hungary,  who  was 
baptized  here).  —  The  stone  screens  separating  the  E.  choir  from  the  aisles 
are  adorned  with  interesting  sculptures,  representing  the  Apo.-^tles  and  Pro- 
phets (in  pairs)  and  the  Annunciation,  all  of  the  early  r2th  cent. ;  between 
these,  on  the  N.  side,  are  three  fine  statues  (Madonna,  Sibyl,  an  angel)  of 
the  end  of  the  13th  century.  Adjacent  is  the  monument  of  the  last  prince- 
bishop  (d.  180S).  —  The  E.  Choir  contains,  on  the  right,   the   monument 


78     Route  16,  BAMBERG.  From  Leipsic 

of  the  prince-bishop  George  II.  (d.  1505),  from  Peter  Vischer's  studio,  and 
the  sarcophagi  of  Bishop  Otho  II.  (d.  1196;  Romanesque)  and  Bishop  Oilnther 
(d.  1066  i  13th  century).  The  figure  of  Christ,  in  bronze,  over  the  altar, 
was  designed  by  Schwanthaler,  as  were  also  the  22  reliefs  of  saints  on 
the  altar.  The  choir-stalls  are  modern.  —  The  Crtpt,  below  the  E.  choir, 
is  severely  Romanesque;  the  vaulting  is  borne  by  14  round  and  octagonal 
columns.  It  contains  the  simple  sandstone  sarcophagus  of  Emp.  Conrad  III. 
and  a  well. 

In  the  St.  Peter's  or  W.  Choir  is  the  low  marble  sarcophagus  of  Pope 
Clement  II.  (d.  1047),  once  Bishop  of  Bamberg,  with  reliefs  of  the  13th 
century.  On  the  walls  are  the  monuments  of  the  prince-bishops  Schaum- 
hurg  (d.  1475).  Gross- Trockau  (d.  1501),  Fommersfelden  (d.  1503),  the  last 
two  being  from  Peter  Vischer's  studio,  and  George  III.  of  Lirriburg  (d. 
1522).  by  Loyen  Hering,  one  of  the  earliest  Renaissance  monuments  in 
Germany.    The  choir-stalls  are  of  the  Gothic  period. 

In  the  S.  Transept,  to  the  left  of  the  W.  choir,  is  an  ivory  crucifix 
said  to  date  from  the  4th  cent.,  and  presented  to  the  church  by  Emp. 
Henry  II.  in  1008.  —  The  two  doors  in  the  S.  transept  lead  to  the  sacristy 
and  to  the  Nagel-Capelle  (Chapel  of  the  Xail),  added  in  the  15th  cent., 
which  contains  64  monumental  brasses  of  canons  (1414-1540),  a  carved  re- 
redos  of  the  loth  cent.,  and  an  Entombment  after  Ann.  Carracci.  The 
adjacent  Antonics  - Capelle  contains  an  altar-piece  by  Lucas  Cranach 
(1513)  representing  the  Madonna  in  a  garland  of  roses,  with  saints  and 
portraits  of  Emp.  Max  I.,  the  Pope,  and  other  princes  of  that  period.  — 
The  Treasdet  contains,  among  other  curiosities,  a  nail  of  the  True  Cross 
in  a  mounting  of  the  15th  cent.,  the  skulls  of  Emp.  Henry  II.  and  Kuni- 
gunde,  the  Emperors  crown,  his  sword,  drinking-horn,  and  knife,  combs 
of  the  Empress,  a  chasuble  embroidered  by  her,  and  the  enamelled  head 
of  St.  Otho"s  crozier. 

From  the  cathedral  we  may  cross  over  to  the  Oberpfarrkirche  in  2  min. 
through  the  'Obere  and  Untere  Bach\ 

The  W.  side  of  the  Carolinen-Platz  is  bounded  by  the  pictur- 
esque Alte  Hofhaltung  or  Alte  Residenz  (PI.  A,  B,  2),  with  a  lofty 
gable  and  handsome  jutting  window  and  portal,  built  in  the  second 
half  of  the  16th  cent,  on  the  site  of  an  older  palace  of  the  Counts 
of  Babenberg,  in  which  the  Lombard  King  Berengarius  died  in 
captivity  in  966,  and  Count  Palatine  Otho  of  "Wittelsbach  slew  Emp. 
Philip  of  Swabia  in  1208.  In  front  of  this  palace  rises  a  monument 
(Pi.  15)  to  the  prince-bishop  Von  Erthal  (d.  1797),  erected  in  1865. 

The  N.  and  half  of  the  E.  side  of  the  Carolinen-Platz  are  occu- 
pied by  the  Neue  Residenz  (adm.  10-11  and  2-4;  on  Sun.  and 
holidays  10.30  to  12  and  2-3;  50  pf.),  or  Neiv  Palace^  erected  by 
Bishop  von  Schonborn  in  1698-1704.  Here,  in  Oct.,  1806,  Napoleon 
issued  his  declaration  of  war  against  Prussia.  From  1806  to  1837 
this  palace  was  the  residence  of  Duke  William  of  Bavaria,  father- 
in-law  of  the  French  Marshal  Berthier.  On  1st  June,  1815,  the 
marshal,  whose  mind  had  been  unhinged  by  the  return  of  Napoleon 
from  Elba,  threw  himself  from  one  of  the  windows  on  the  E.  side 
and  was  killed.  —  The  S.  wing  contains  the  Archives. 

The  Obere  Carolinen-Strasse,  between  the  two  palaces,  leads  from 
the  Carolinen-Platz  to  the  Jakobsberg  and  the  St.  Jakobskirche 
(PL  A,  3),  a  flat-roofed  Romanesque  church  of  the  11th  cent.,  with  a 
Gothic  W.  choir  and  an  E.  choir  which  was  transformed  in  1771  into 
a  rococo  facade,  all  recently  restored.  At  the  back  of  the  W.  choir,  to 
the  left,  is  Schmidt's  interesting  Porcelain  Painting  Establishment 


to  Nuremberg.  BAMBERG.  16.  Route.     79 

A  little  to  the  N.  of  St.  Jakob's  is  the  Michaelsbcrger-Str.,  by 
which  we  ascend  to  the  *MichaeIsherg  (PI.  A,  2),  with  its  con- 
spicuous church  and  other  buildings  of  a  Benedictine  abbey  founded 
by  Emp.  Henry  II.  The  court,  which  we  enter  by  the  W.  gateway, 
affords  a  good  picture  of  a  mediaeval  convent  on  a  large  scale,  though 
most  of  the  present  buildings  date  only  from  last  century. 

The  Church  of  St.  Michael,  a  Romanesque  edifice  of  the 
12th  cent.,  with  Gothic  additions,  tastelessly  restored  last  century, 
has  been  entirely  renovated  in  the  interior. 

The  Interior  contains  many  monuments  of  bishops  (16-18fh  cent.), 
transferred  hither  from  the  cathedral.  Behind  the  high-altar  is  that  of 
St.  Otho  (d.  1139),  dating  from  the  14th  cent. ;  at  the  back  is  a  painted 
statue  of  the  saint,  probably  a  relic  of  an  earlier  monument.  The  altar 
contains  his  pastoral  staff,  mitre,  and  chasuble.  Handsome  rococo  choir- 
stalls  of  the  18th  century. 

TheS.E.  wing  of  the  abbey-building  now  contains  the  municipal 
Gallery  of  Art.  Entrance  adjoining  the  church-steps  (adm.  Sun. 
10-12,  free;  week-days  10-12  and  2-5,  in  winter  10-12  and  2-3, 
adm.  60  pf. ;  catalogue  50  pf.). 

Rooms  I  <fc  II.  Early  German  Masters :  64  paintings  by  M.  Wohlgemuth 
Hans  von  Kulmbach.,  Hans  Baldung  Grien,  M.  Slrigel,  H.  Schdufelein,  Lucas 
Cranach^  and  others.  —  Rooms  III  <fe  IV.  contain  (according  to  the  cat- 
alogue) 01  pictures  by  A.  del  Sarto,  C.  Bold,  M.  Caravaggio,  Sassoferrato, 
C.  Maratia,  Tiepolo,  and  other  Italian  masters,  and  11  pictures  by  Spagnoletto 
and  other  Spanish  painters.  —  Rooms  V,  VI,  &  VII.  Dutch  and  Flemish 
Masters  of  the  16th  and  17th  cent.,  including  C.  de  Cvayer,  Honthorst, 
Jordaens,  Sal.  Ruysdael,  and  Jan  van  Qoyen.  —  Room  VIII.  French  School. 
—  Room  IX.  Heller  Collection:  319.  Coi-n.  Janszoon  van  Ceulen ,  Portrait; 
322.  A.  Diirer,  Head  of  St.  Paul,  a  study.  —  Rooms  X,  XI,  &  XII.  contain 
modern  works,  chiefly  by  artists  of  Bamberg  and  Munich ;  489  Head  'al 
fresco'  by  Cornelius.  —  Also  water-colours,  miniatures,  crayon  sketches, 
and  small  works  of  art  in  ivory,  alabaster,  and  wood.  —  On  the  first  floor 
a  large  carpet  of  the  end  of  the  loth  cent,  with  scenes  from  the  Passion. 

On  the  N.  side  of  the  church  is  the  old  abbey,  now  the  Biirger- 
spital  or  poor-house.'  To  the  left  are  the  secular  buildings,  now  a 
brewery  and  restaurant.  Passing  the  terrace  of  the  restaurant,  we 
reach  the  Monastery  Garden,  laid  out  in  the  18th  cent,,  where  an 
avenue  of  limes  affords  charming  views  of  the  town. 

From  the  Michaelsberg  we  may  go  to  the  W.,  past  the  little 
church  of  St.  Getreu  and  the  Lunatic  Asylum  (PI.  8),  to  the  Villa 
Remeis ,  now  the  property  of  the  town ,  which  commands  a  fine 
panorama  (restaurant,  see  p.  751 

To  the  W.  of  the  Upper  Bridge  (p.  76)  the  Lugbank  ascends  to 
the  left  to  the  Pfahl-Platz  and  the  Kaulherg.  On  the  Untere  Kaul- 
berg,  to  the  left,  stands  the  Gothic  *Obere  Pfarrkirche  zu  Unserer 
Lieben  Frauen  (PI.  2;  B,  3),  erected  in  1320-87,  disfigured  in  the 
18th  cent.,  but  of  late  thoroughly  restored.  The  Gothic  choir  contains 
11  altars.  Good  wood-carving  on  the  organ-case  by  Veit  Stoss  (1523). 
On  the  N.  side  is  the  Eheihiir  ('wedding-gate'),  with  an  elegant 
porch  borne  by  two  slender  columns  and  containing  figures  of  the 
Wise  and  Foolish  Virgins. 

From  the  Pfahl-Platz  (see  above)  we  may  go  to  the  S.  through 


80    Route  16.  FORCHHEIM.  From  Leipsic 

the  Judengasse  and  ascend  the  Stephansberg  to  the  new  Observatcry 
('Sternwarte';  PI.  B,  4),  built  with  a  bequest  of  the  late  Hr.  Remeis. 

Beautiful  walk  up  the  Kaulberg  (see  blue  notice-boards),  past 
the  Karmeliter-Kaserne  (barracks;  PI.  A,  4),  then  down  a  little  to 
the  right,  and  lastly  straight  up  the  hill  to  the  (40  min.)  *Alten- 
burg  (1265  ft.;  cafe  at  the  top).  The  castle,  probably  founded  in 
the  10th  cent,  and  after  1251  a  castle  of  the  bishops,  was  destroyed 
in  1553  by  Margrave  Albert  of  Bayreuth,  but  afterwards  partly 
restored.  Fine  view  from  the  tower  (162  steps;  afternoon  light 
best).  The  chapel,  restored  in  1834,  contains  monuments  of  the 
16th  cent,  and  stained  glass. 

The  Theresienhain  and  Luisenhain  (PI.  C,  4),  with  their  pro- 
menades skirting  the  Regnitz ,  afford  pleasant  walks.  They  are 
reached  from  the  new  town  in  10-15  min.  by  the  Sophien-Briicke, 
the  Schonleins-Platz  (with  a  bust  of  the  famous  physician  of  that 
name ;  d.  1864),  and  the  Hain-Str. ;  and  from  the  old  town  by  the 
Geiersworth-Str.  and  the  Miihlendamm.  Near  the  centre  of  the  park 
is  a  cafe,  and  at  the  end  of  it,  2  M.  from  the  town,  is  the  little 
village  of  Bug  (pron.  'book').  —  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Regnitz, 
to  the  S.  of  the  station,  lies  the  suburb  of  Wunderhurg,  with  its 
extensive  market-gardens. 

Interesting  excursion  to  Ba7iz  and  Vierzehnheiligen  (p.  75).  —  Fran- 
conian  Switzerland^  see  p.  92. 

The  environs  of  Bamberg  form  a  vast  orchard  and  market-garden, 
of  which,  however,  little  is  seen  from  the  train.  Pine-plantations 
and  hop-gardens  are  traversed.  The  railway,  high-road,  Regnitz, 
and  Ludwigs-Canal  run  parallel.  188  M.  Hirschaid;  192  M.  Eggols- 
heim.  To  the  left  on  the  height  near  Forchheim  rises  the  Jagers- 
hurg  (1184  ft.),  once  a  hunting-lodge  of  the  bishops  of  Bamberg. 

196  M.  Forchheim  (870  ft. ;  Hirsch;  Zettelmaier^  Zur  Eisenbahn, 
both  at  the  station),  once  a  frontier-fortress  of  the  bishops  of  Bam- 
berg, was  a  place  of  some  importance  as  far  back  as  the  time  of 
Charlemagne.  Pop.  6000.  The  Gothic  Church  contains  twelve  scenes 
from  the  Passion,  of  Wohlgemut's  school  and  wood -carvings  and 
reliefs  by  Adam  Krafft  and  Veit  Stoss.  The  spacious  Schloss,  of  the 
14th  cent.,  is  now  occupied  by  public  offices.  The  rapid  Wiesent 
falls  into  the  Regnitz  here.  —  Excursion  to  the  Franconian  Switzer- 
land^ see  p.  92. 

About  11  M.  to  the  N.W.  of  Forchlieim  is  Count  Schonborn's  beautiful 
chateau  of  Pommersfelden,  built  in  1711-17  in  the  baroque  style  and  sump- 
tuously fitted  up  in  the  interior,  though  the  best  specimens  of  the  once 
famous  picture-gallery  were  sold  in  1867.  Large  park.  Visitors  apply  at 
the  steward's  office. 

To  the  right,  near  (201  M.'jBaiersdorf,  are  the  ruins  of  Scharfen- 
eck,  destroyed  by  the  Swedes  in  1634.  Beyond  a  tunnel  of  374  yds. 
the  Regnitz-Thal  and  Ludwigs-Canal  are  seen  on  the  left. 

2051/2 M.  Erlangen  (920  ft.;  *Schwan;  Wallfisch;  ''Blaue  Glocke; 
beer  in  the  Gute  Quelle,  etc.;  Rail.  Restaurant),  with  17,565  inhab. 


to  Nuremberg.  ERLANGEN.  16.  Route.     81 

(3800  Rom.  Cath.),  still  partly  enclosed  by  its  ancient  walls,  owes 
its  regular  construction  to  a  fire  in  1706,  which  destroyed  most  of 
the  houses,  and  its  prosperity  mainly  to  French  Protestants,  exiled 
by  the  revocation  of  the  Indict  of  Nantes  (1685),  who  transferred 
their  industries  hither,  and  also  to  German  Protestants  who  took 
refuge  here  when  the  French  devastated  the  Palatinate. 

The  University  [1000  students,  chiefly  of  medicine  and  theology), 
was  founded  in  1743  by  Margrave  Alexander  of  Brandenburg-Bay- 
reuth.  In  front  of  the  building,  originally  the  palace  of  the  mar- 
graves, is  a  Statue  of  the  founder  by  Schwanthaler.  In  the  market- 
place opposite  rises  the  modern  Pauli  Fountain,  with  Tritons, 
Nereids,  and  bronze  figures  of  Erlanga  and  Alma  Mater.  The 
Univtrsity  Library  contains  several  curiosities,  including  a  Bible 
with  miniatures  of  the  12th  cent.,  and  a  valuable  collection  of  draw- 
ings by  Netherlandish  and  German  masters  of  the  15-i6th  cent, 
(some  of  them  damaged),  Diirer  being  represented  by  about  20 
sketches.  The  university  also  contains  natural  history  collections 
and  an  'aula'  with  numerous  portraits.  The  beautiful  palace-garden, 
which  now  belongs  to  the  university,  contains  several  university 
institutions,  chief  of  which  is  the  CoUegienhaus,  completed  in  1889, 
with  a  facade  adorned  with  figures  of  the  four  Faculties.  Near  it 
are  an  unfinished  statue  of  the  Great  Elector  and  a  large  fountain 
with  45  statuettes,  said  to  be  portraits  of  the  first  French  refugees 
who  settled  here.  The  Luitpold-Platz  is  adorned  with  a  bronze 
statue  of  Prof.  Herz.  In  the  Bahnhof-Platz  is  a  tasteful  little  foun- 
tain in  bronze. 

Pleasant  walks  on  the  Rathsberg  (belvedere  and  restaurant)  and  the 
AUstddter  Berg,  a  spur  of  the  Jura,  at  the  foot  of  which  a  fair  is  held  at 
Whitsuntide.  On  the  W.  slope  is  the  Canal  Monument,  by  Schwanthaler, 
erected  by  Ludwig  I.  in  memory  of  the  completion  of  the  Ludwigs-Canal 
(p.  75),  with  figures  of  the  Danube  and  Main,  Navigation  and  Commerce. 

Branch  Railway  (ITi/z  M.,  in  274  hrs.)  to  the  E.  to  Grdfmberg  (Post; 
Stadelmann),  a  little  town  with  a  Schloss,  prettily  situated  at  the  foot  of 
the  Eberharisberg,  a  line  point  of  view.  (Entrance  to  Franconian  Switzer- 
land by  the  charmingly  situated  Egloff stein.) 

Near  (208  M.)  Eltersdorf  we  have  a  pretty  view,  to  the  left,  of 
the  chateau  of  GrossgriindLach  (formerly  the  Himmelsthron  Convent, 
burial-place  of  the  'White  Lady',  p.  74).  The  line  crosses  the 
Ludwigs-Canal  to  (210  M.)  Vach  and  joins  the  Wiirzburg  railway 
(see  p.  69);  to  the  right  rises  the  Alte  Feste  (p.  70).  The  Begnitz 
is  crossed;  fine  view  of  Fiirth  to  the  left.  215  M.  Furth,  and  thence 
by  Doos  to  (220  M.)  Nuremberg,  see  pp.  69,  70. 

17.  From  Wurzburg  to  Bamberg.    Kissingen. 

Railway  to  (62  M.)  Bamberg  in  2-3V3  hrs.  (fares  8  J^  10,  5  Jl  40,  3  J( 
50  pf. ;  express  9  J^  30,  6  JJ  60  pf.).  From  Oberndorf-Schweinfurt  to  Kis- 
singen, see  p.  83. 

Wiirzburg,  see  p.  64.  Beyond  (5  M.)  Rottendorf  (-p.  69),  junc- 
tion for  Nuremberg,  the  line  turns  towards  the  N.E.   IOV2  M.  Selig- 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.     8th  Edit.  6 


82     Route  17.  SCHWEINFURT.  From  Wurzlurg 

enstadt;  14  M.  Bergtheim  (watershed,  376  ft.  above  Wiirzburg, 
257  ft.  above  Schweinfurt) ;  17  M.  Essleben ;  20  M.  Weigolshausen, 
vi-here  the  direct  line  to  Gemiinden  (p.  64)  diverges  [to  the  left 
Schloss  Werneck ,  now  a  lunatic  asylum) ;  23  M.  Bergrheinfeld.  — 
261/2  M.  Oherndorf-Schv/einturt  (Rail.  Restaurant ;  Inn^  opposite 
the  station,  plain;  omnibus  to  the  town  20  pf.),  junction  for  the 
Gemiinden  (p.  64)  and  the  Kissingen  lines  (see  below). 

To  the  S.E.  of  Weigolshausen,  prettily  situated  on  the  Main,  lies 
(51/2  M.)  Ludwigsbad  Wipfeld  (Curhaus),  with  sulphur-springs  and  peat- 
baths,  etc.  Omnibus  from  Schweinfurt  station  in  I'/z  hr. ;  one-horse  carr. 
from  Weigolshausen  or  Seligenstadt  41/2  Jf- 

28  M.  Schweinfurt  (*Rabe;  *Deutsches  Eaus ;  *Krone;  Cafe- 
Restaurant  Victoria;  Post),  with  12,430  inhab.,  once  a  free  town  of 
the  Empire.  In  the  market-place  is  a  *Statue  of  Rilckert,  the  poet 
(1788-1866),  by  Thiersch  and  Ruemann.  The  house  in  which 
Riickert  was  born,  at  the  corner  of  the  Riickert-Str.,  is  indicated 
by  a  relief.  The  handsome  Rathhaus  of  1570-72  contains  the  muni- 
cipal library  (over  10,000  vols.)  and  the  Museum  of  mediaeval  art 
and  historical  relics  (adm.  9-12  and  2-5).  The  Protestant  church 
of  St.  Johann  (recently  restored)  dates  from  the  14th  century.  The 
Gymnasium,  or  grammar-school,  founded  in  1631  by  Gustavus 
Adolphus,  was  transferred  to  a  handsome  new  building  to  the  N.  of 
the  town  in  1881.  Engine-works,  dye-works,  sugar-factories,  etc., 
flourish  here,  and  a  large  cattle-market  is  held  every  fortnight. 
Pleasant  walk  to  the  chief  Reservoir  of  the  water-works;  also  to  the 
Wehrwdldchen  (left  bank).  On  the  (V4  hr.)  Peterstirne  is  a  belvedere 
built  in  1872,  with  a  collection  of  weapons  and  fresco-paintings. 

The  line  follows  the  Main.  On  the  hill  to  the  left  is  the  chateau 
of  Mainberg.  31^/2  M.  Schonungen;  85  M.  Gddheim;  39  M.  Ober- 
Theres.  To  the  left  rises  the  old  chateau  of  Theres,  founded  as  a  seat 
of  the  Babenberg  family  before  900,  converted  into  a  monastery  in 
1043,  and  dissolved  in  1803.    Adjacent  is  a  modern  chateau. 

42  M.  Hassfurt  (Post),  a  small  town  with  walls  and  massive 
gateway,  possesses  a  fine  Gothic  chapel,  the  *Marien-Capelle,  or 
Ritter-Capelle  (middle  of  i5th  cent.),  restored  by  Heideloff.  On  the 
outside  of  the  choir  is  a  triple  row  of  the  armorial  bearings  of  the 
members  of  an  ecclesiastical  brotherhood  of  nobles,  founded  in  1413, 
which  contributed  to  the  cost  of  building  the  chapel.  Others  are 
carved  on  the  pillars  and  on  the  vaulting  in  the  interior  (in  all  248). 

Branch  Railway  in  55  min.  to  (91/2 M.)  Hofheim,  via  (5  M.)  Konigsherg,  in 
the  Duchy  of  Coburg,  with  1000  inhab.,  birthplace  of  the  famous  mathemati- 
cian Johann  Miiller,  surnamed  Regiomontanus  (d.  1476),  to  whose  memory 
a  fountain  was  erected  here  in  1871. 

To  the  left  of  (461/2  M.)  Zeil,  another  walled  town,  rises  the  ruined 
fortress  of  Schmachtenb erg,  erected  in  1438,  destroyed  by  Albert  of 
Brandenburg  in  1552.  On  the  left  bank,  opposite  (50  M.)  Ebelsbach, 
lies  the  small  town  of  Eltmann,  commanded  by  the  ancient  watch- 
tower  of  the  castle  of  Waldburg,  a  thousand  years  old.  52  M.  Stett- 
feld;  54  M.  Staffelbach;  58  M.  Oberhaid.    To  the  right  the  towers 


Ceofraph  Anstal 


to  Bamberg.  KISSINGEN.  17.  Route,     83 

of  St.  Michael's,  the  Altenburg,   and  lastly  Bamberg  with  the  four 
cathedral-towers  become  visible.    The  Main  is  then  crossed. 
62  M.  Bamberg,  see  p.  75. 


From  Obebndobf-Schwbinfubt  to  Kissingbn,  141/2  M.  Trail- 
way  in  I/2-I  hr.).  31/2  ^-  Oberwerrn ;  6  M.  Poppenhausen ;  872  M. 
Ebenhausen,  where  the  line  toMeiningen  (p.  85)  diverges.  We  skirt 
wooded  hills,  pass  the  ruin  of  Bodenlaube  (p.  84),  and  enter  the 
valley  in  which  this  famous  'Bad'  is  situated. 

141/2  M.  Bassingen.  —  Hotels.  *Cdkhads  (PI.  4;  B,  C,  2),  with  baths, 
R.,  L.,  <fe  A.  from  4,  B.  1  Jl  20,  D.  31/2,  pens,  from  9  J( ;  *H6tel  de 
RussiE  (PI.  a;  B,  3),  R.  2-10  Jl,  L.  <fe  A.  90,  B.  i  Ji  40,  D.  3  JiJ  50  pf., 
pens,  from  7  Ji ;  "Hotel  Victoria  (PI.  b;  B,  3);  *Sannee  (PI.  d^  B,  4), 
R.,  L.,  &  A.  3-5,  B.  1  Jl  20  pf.,  D.  3,  pens.  71/2- 10  Jl ;  all  in  the  Curhaus- 
Strasse.  —  *Englischek  Hof  (PI.  C;  C,  2),  Theatar-Str.  •,  *Holzmann  (PI.  i), 
Metropole  (PI.  m),  R.  3-6,  B.  11/4,  D.  21/2  J(;  HOt.  &  Villa  Diana, 
ScHMiTT  (PI.  k),  R.  from  2  Jl,  L.  S(J  pf.,  B.  2  Jl  00  pf.,  all  on  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  Saale  (PI.  A,  1);  *Zapf  (PI.  1;  C,  4),  at  the  station,  R.  from 
2  Jl,  L.  30  pf.,  pens.  Q  Jl.  —  Second-class:  *Wittelsbacher  Hof  (PI.  f)i 
Preussischek  Hof  (PI.  h),  R.  2-4  Jl,  B.  80  pf.,  pens,  from  5  .^ ;  Wdrtteji- 
bebger  Hof  (PL  g);  "Central-Hotel  (PI.  c;  C,  2),  all  in  the  town,  and 
open  in  winter  also.  — Hotels  Garnis :  Grand  Hdtel  Garni,  Hailmann,  both 
by  the  Curgarten.  On  the  other  side  of  the  Saale:  Dr.  E.  Diruf,  Furstenhof, 
Pilartz,  Minerva,  D.  Vay,  Gleissncr,  Olmiihle,  Keyser,  Erhard,  Villa  Franconia, 
Wesiend  -  ffaus ,  Park  Villa,  Vier  Jahreszeiten,  Villa  Hollander,  Teutcmia, 
T/iuringia,  Martin,  Altenberg,  E.  Vay,  Bavaria,  Monbijou.  In  the  town: 
Frau  von  Balling,  with  garden ;  J)r.  Scherpf,  Habermann,  Hohmann,  Gayde, 
Dr.  Stmr,  Gobel,  Biidel,  Dr.  Soiier,  Villa  Batter,  Villa  Stella,  Villa  Elta, 
Herramhof.  In  the  Curhaus-Str. :  Bergmann,  Will..  Dr.  G.  Diruf,  Herbert, 
Fischer,  Rieger,  Abt,    Villa  Krampf,  Singer,  Bernhardt. 

Restaurants.  Casino  (p.  84 j\  Cursaal;  Messerschmidt ,  near  the  Cur- 
garten; Federbeck,  Hartmann-Str.;  Friihlingsgarten,  Theater-Str.;  Schweizer- 
haus,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saale;  wine  at  HaWs  (old-German  wine- 
room),  Arnold's,  Dauch^s,  KarcKs,  all  in  the  market. 

Carriage  with  two  horses  to  the  salt-baths  IV2  Jl,  to  Booklet  13,  Hammel- 
hurg  23,  Briickenau  30  Jl ;  with  one  horse  one-third  less.  For  short  drives 
in  the  town  and  environs  there  are  fiacres  with  a  fixed  tariff. 

Reading  Rooms  at  the  Gurhaus  (gratis)  and  at  the  Casino  by  the  Actien- 
Badhaus  (adm.  for  non-subscribers  50  pf.) ;  also  Weinberger's,  by  the  Cur- 
garten (per  week  21/2,  per  month  6  Jl). 

Theatre  (PI.  13),  performances  daily  during  the  season. 

Tax  payable  by  patients  whose  stay  exceeds  a  week :  30  v#  for  the 
head  of  a  family,  and  10  J(  for  each  additional  person,  or  20  and  Q  Jl, 
or  10  and  3  Jl  respectively,  according  to  the  rank  of  the  parties.  Children 
under  fifteen  and  servants  pay  one-half  less. 

Baths  (10-1  und  3-6)  at  the  Curhaus,  at  the  Actien-Badhaus,  and  in  the 
Salinen-Badeanstalt.  —  Pneumatic  Institute  (Dr.  Dietz),  Schloss-Str.  6. 

English  Church  (PI.  D,  1)  5  service  during  the  summer. 

Kissingen  (660  ft.),  the  most  frequented  watering-place  in  Ba- 
varia (4250  inhab.),  lies  picturesquely  in  the  valley  of  the  Frdn- 
kische  Saale,  enclosed  by  wooded  hills.  The  sanatory  properties  of 
the  waters  were  known  as  early  as  the  16th  cent.,  and  the  Prince 
Bishops  of  Wiirzburg  took  the  place  under  their  protection ;  but  at 
the  beginning  of  the  present  century  it  was  still  a  mere  village.  The 
growing  repute  of  the  springs  and  increasing  number  of  visitors  have 
now  converted  the  place  into  a  handsome  and  well-built  town,  which 

6* 


84    Route  17.  KISSINGEN. 

is  visited  by  over  14,000  patients  annually ,  many  of  whom  are 
English  and  Russians. 

The  extensive  Curgarten  between  the  Curhaua  and  Cursaal, 
the  principal  promenade,  is  embellished  with  a  marble  *Statue  of 
King  Lewis  I.,  by  Knoll  of  Munich,  a  Hygeia  imparting  to  the 
Rakoczy  and  Pandur  their  healing  influence,  and  a  statue  of  King 
Maximilian  II.,  both  in  marble,  by  Arnold,  a  native  of  the  place. 
On  the  S.  side  are  the  chief  drinking-springs,  the  Rakoczy  (300,000 
bottles  of  which  are  annually  exported)  and  the  Pandur,  which  is 
also  used  for  baths.  On  the  N.  side  is  the  Maxbrunnen,  resembling 
Selters  water.  From  6  to  8  a.m.,  the  hour  for  drinking  the  waters, 
the  Curgarten  presents  a  lively  scene,  and  a  band  plays  in  fine 
weather.  From  5  to  7  p.m.  the  band  again  plays,  and  the  fashion- 
able world  reassembles. 

Opposite  the  garden  ,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saale  ,  stands  the 
Actien-Badhaus  (PL  1),  a  large  edifice  of  red  sandstone,  with  two 
wings  (left,  baths  for  ladies;  right,  for  gentlemen),  and  an  engine- 
house  in  the  centre.  Adjacent  is  the  Casino,  with  reading-room, 
restaurant,  etc.  —  A  tablet  on  the  house  of  Dr.  Diruf,  also  on  the 
right  bank,  commemorates  the  attempted  assassination  of  Prince 
Bismarck  in  1874  (see  below). 

Pretty  walk,  through  the  Yon-der-Tann-Strasse  and  by  the 
Stationsberg,  or  by  the  path  (PL  C,  4,  5)  to  the  left,  above  the  Hotel 
Zapf,  to  the  ruins  of  [25  min.)  Bodenlaube  (1128  ft.),  the  N.  tower 
of  which  commands  a  fine  view  (Restaurant  zur  Linde,  below  the 
ruin).  We  may  return  by  the  road  leading  through  Vnterboden- 
laube,  with  its  interesting  old  lime-tree.  WeU-kept  walks  lead  to 
the  Lindesmuhle,  the  Altenberg,  the  Staffelsberg  (fine  view  from  the 
Ludwig  Tower'),  the  Wichtelshbhlen,  the  Kaskaden-Thal  and  Alten- 
burger  Haus,  the  KLaushof  (Hotel,  in  the  wood),  the  Klaushbhe 
(omn.  five  times  every  afternoon,  1  Jl,  there  and  back  I1/2  Jl),  etc. 

On  lOth  July,  1866,  Kissingen  was  the  scene  of  a  sharp  engagement 
between  the  Prussians  and  Bavarians.  The  latter  were,  however,  even- 
tually obliged  to  yield.  Near  the  cemetery,  V2  M.  from  the  Curgarten,  is 
a  handsome  monument  in  memory  of  the  fallen. 

The  Saline  Springs  with  the  extensive  evaporating-sheds,  situat- 
ed on  the  Saale,  11/2  M.  to  the  N.,  are  reached  by  walks  on  both 
banks.  A  small  steamboat  plies  on  the  Saale  to  the  springs  every 
20  min.  (fare  30,  return -fare  50  pf.).  A  handsome  bath-house 
(SalinenbadJ  has  been  erected  over  the  *  Artesian  Well,  which  is 
330  ft.  in  depth  (containing  two  per  cent  of  salt ;  temperature  63° 
Fahr.)  and  frequently  rises  to  a  height  of  10  ft.  in  its  covered  reser- 
voir. Near  it  is  a  Statue  of  Prince  Bismarck,  who  has  frequently 
visited  the  Obere  Saline,  I/2  M.  farther  on. 

At  the  yiU&ge  of  ffausen,  3/4  M.  farther  on,  is  the  Schonbornsprudel,  a 
shaft  upwards  of  2000  ft.  in  depth,  by  which  it  was  intended  to  reach  an 
extensive  stratum  of  salt.  The  work  has,  however,  been  given  up,  as  it 
injured  the  other  mineral  springs  at  Kissingen.  A  square  tower,  100  ft. 
in  height,  built  over  the  shaft,  is  open  to  visitors  from  4  to  6  p.m. 


BRtJCKENAU.  77.  Route.    85 

Bocklet,  another  watering-place  with  powerful  chalybeate  springs 
and  mud-baths  (about  350  patients  annually),  is  prettily  situated  on 
the  Saale,  6  M.  to  the  N.  of  Kissingen  (diligence  daily  at  10  a.m.; 
fare  1  J/).  Rooms  at  the  Curhaus,  in  Plank's  Inn,  various  villas,  etc. 
Between  the  Curhaus  and  the  Badhaus  with  its  Trinkhalle  are  pleas- 
ant grounds  with  fine  old  trees. 

"^Schloss  Aschach,  on  the  Saale,  3/4  M.  to  the  S.  of  Bocklet,  restored  in 
the  mediaeval  style,  the  property  of  Count  Luxburg,  contains  a  collection 
of  old  goblets,  carving,  etc.  (fee).  —  Attractive  excursion  through  the  Saale- 
thal  to  (6  M.)  Neustadt  (see  below). 

The  third  of  these  Franco nian  baths  (20^/2  M.  from  Kissingen  ; 
diligence  daily  in  41/2  hrs.;  fare  2JI  90  pf.)  is  Bad  Bruckenau  (Cur- 
Hotel  and  Curhciuser,  R.  1-4  Ji,  B.  70,  D.  2  J/  20 pf. ;  Schloss-Hotel; 
*Hot.Fuglein,  R.  from  1  ^//,  D.  1  J/  70 pf.,  pens.  4-5  J/ ;  Bayrischer 
Hof;  Schwan;  Villa  Knell,  Villa  Heil,  Sinnthalhof),  in  the  grassy 
valley  of  the  Sinn,  enclosed  by  wooded  hills,  2  M.  to  the  W.  of  the 
little  town  of  Bruckenau  (Post).  Handsome  Cursaal  in  the  Italian 
style,  built  in  1827-33,  with  restaurant  and  public  rooms.  The 
Stahl,  Wernarzer,  and  Sinnlerger  Springs,  impregnated  with  car- 
bonic acid,  are  beneficial  in  cases  of  poverty  of  blood,  indigestion, 
kidney  disease,  etc.  About  1400  patients  annually.  Visitors'  tax 
5  J/ ;  band-subscription  2  M  weekly. 

Beautiful  walks  in  the  environs.  Shady  paths  with  views  {Ludwigs- 
Platz,  Washington- Platz ,  Amalienruhe,  etc.)  lead  to  the  N.  through  the 
Harthwald  to  (IV2  hr.)  Kloster  Volkersherg ;  to  the  W.  to  (2  hrs.)  Schwar- 
zenfels,  with  its  old  castle  ^  to  the  S.  by  i^Q  Sinnherg  to  the  (2  hrs.)  Drei- 
stelzberg  (2385  ft.),  with  belvedere  tower.  —  Finest  of  all  the  excur- 
sions is  the  ascent  of  the  Ereuzberg  (3050  ft.),  the  highest  of  the  Rhon 
Mts.,  crowned  with  a  Franciscan  monastery  (to  the  N.E.,  4  hrs.).  Road, 
follovi^ing  the  Sinn,  as  far  as  (7  M.)  Wildjlecken ;  thence  to  the  top  (with 
guide)  in  I1/2  hr.  Extensive  view  of  N.  Franconia  as  far  as  the  Fichtel- 
gebirge,  and  W.  as  far  as  the  Taunus.  The  hills  around  Wiirzburg  and 
the  Steigerwald  close  the  view  towards  the  S.,  and  the  Thuringian  Forest 
and  the  hills  of  Fulda  to  the  N. 

From  Bruckenau  to  Jossa,  11  M.,  local  railway  in  i  hr.  (fares  1  M, 
65  pf).  Stations:  Sladt  Briickenau  (see  above);  11/4  M.  Sinnthalhof  (see 
above);  I3/4  M.  Bad  Briickenau  (see  above).  Then  along  the  Sinn,  via 
Eckarts,  Zeitlofs,  and  Altengronau  to  (11  M.)  Jossa  (p.  63). 


From  Kissingen  to  Meiningen,  46  M.  (railway  in  3  hrs.).  51/2  M.  Eben- 
hausen  (p.  83)-,  the  line  diverges  here  to  the  left  from  the  Schweinfurt 
railway,  and  leads  hj  Rottevshausen  to  (15V2  M.)  Miinnerstadt  C Frdnkischer 
Hof),  a  small  town  on  the  Lauer,  with  an  interesting  church  in  the  tran- 
sition style.  131/2  M.  Niederlatier.  —  21  M.  Neustadt  C'Qoldner  Mann),  an  an- 
tiquated town  prettily  situated  on  the  Saale.  Near  it  (^^i  M.)  is  the  "Salz- 
burg, an  ancient  palace  probably  built  by  Charlemagne,  now  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  picturesque  ruins  in  Germany.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill 
lies  Bad  Neuhaus  ('Curhaus),  with  salt  and  carbonic  acid  springs. 

[From  Neustadt  to  Bischofsheim,  12  M.  (railway  in  11/2  hr.).  The  line 
traverses  the  wooded  Brendthal,  passing  Brendlorenzen  (with  a  venerable 
church,  said  to  have  been  erected  by  King  Carloman  in  770),  Schonau,  and 
Wegfurt.  Bischofsheim  'vor  der  Rhon''  (Stem;  Lotce),  an  ancient  town  with 
1350  inhab.,  lies  at  the  N.  foot  of  the  Kreuzberg  (see  above),  which  may 
be  ascended  hence  via  Ila^elbach  in  IV2-2  hrs.] 

A  little  beyond  Neustadt  the  line  quits  the  Saalethal  and  turns  to  the 
left  into  the  valley  of  the  Streu.     Stations:   Heuttreu;  Unsleben;  Mellrich- 


86    Route  18.  BAYREUTH.  From  NeuenmarJct 

stadt,  with  an  old  church  disfigured  by  restoration.  36^/2  M.  Rentwerts- 
hausen.  The  train  here  crosses  the  low  watershed  between  the  Saale  and 
the  Werra,  and  descends  to  (41  M.)  Ritschenhausen  and  (46  M.)  Meiningen 
(see  Baedeker''s  Northern  Germany). 

From  Kissingen  to  OemUnden  via  Ilammelburg,  see  p.  63. 

18,  From  Neuemnarkt  to  Weiden.  The  Fichtelgebirge. 

49  M.  Railway  to  Bayreuth,  28-40  min.  (fares  1  Jl  70,  1  Jl  20,  75  pf.);  from 
Bayreuth  to  Weiden,  11/2-2  hrs.  (fares  4  Jl  70,  3  Ji,  1  Jl  95  pf.).  Express 
from  Bayreuth  to  Munich,  6V2  hrs. 

Neuenmarkt,  see  p.  74.  Our  line  turns  to  tlie  S.,  and  runs 
through  the  broad  valley  of  the  Weisse  Main  to  (3  M.)  Trebgast, 
then  through  a  narrow  valley ,  which  afterwards  expands.  6  M. 
Harsdorf;  IOI/2  M.  Bindlach.  Near  Bayreuth  extensive  meadows 
are  traversed.  Avenues  of  poplars  on  the  left,  and  the  Wagner 
Theatre  and  the  large  lunatic  asylum  on  the  right  are  conspicuous. 
The  suburb  of  St.  Georgen  is  passed.  At  the  station  is  a  large 
cotton-factory. 

13  M.  Bayreuth.  —  Hotels.  -Sonne,  Richard-Wagner-Str.,  E..  from 
2,  D.  2^/2  Jl;  *Ankee,  Opern-Str.j  "'Reichsadlee,  Maximilian-Str.  (Markt), 
R.  IV2-2,  D.  2  Jl ,  B.  80  pf.;  ^Bahnhof-Hotel  ,  opposite  the  station; 
ScHWAKZEs  Ross,  Ludwigs-Str. ;  Teaube,  Richard- Wagner-Strasse. 

Restaurants.  Beer  ht  Eop/muller's  (ReichsSidleT),  in  the  market-place; 
Vogel,  Prinz-Luitpold-PIatz ;  Baals,  Bencker.  Maximilian-Str.  (wine);  "Cafe 
Sammet,  Harmonie-Briicke,  with  the  'Wagner  room'  and  garden,  moderate; 
Ca/^  Vogel,  etc. 

Baths.  Bad  Rosenau,  Stddtische  Bade-  und  Schwimmanstalt,  both  in 
the  Bade-Strasse. 

Post  Office,  at  the  railway-station.  —  Telegraph  Office,  Markt  80. 

Cabs.  Per  drive  in  the  town  (V4  hr.) ,  with  one  horse,  1-2  pers.  40, 
3-4  pers.  60  pf. ;  with  two  horses  50  or  75  pf.  To  the  Wagner  Theatre 
2  Jf,  with  two  horses  3Jl;  to  the  Biirgerreuth,  Rollwenzelei,  Oberkonners- 
reuth,  or  Geigenreuth  (a  farm  adjoining  the  Fantaisie  Park)  2  or  3  Ji?;  to 
the  Eremitage  3  Jl,  with  two  horses  i-5  Jl;  to  the  Fantaisie  4-6  Jl. 
Gratuities  included  in  these  fares. 

Porter  in  the  town  or  to  the  station,  for  33  lbs.  15  pf.,  for  110  lbs.  20  pf. 

All  charges  are  raised  during  the  Wagner  festivals;  the  'Wohnungs- 
Comite''  should  be  applied  to  for  accommodation. 

Bayreuth  (^iiSOn.'),  with  24,556  inhab.  (3300  Rom.  Cath.),  the 
capital  of  Upper  Franconia,  residence  of  the  Margraves  of  Branden- 
burg-Culmbach  from  1603  to  1769  and  Bavarian  since  1810,  is 
mainly  indebted  for  its  present  appearance  to  Margrave  Christian 
(d.  1655),  who  transferred  his  seat  from  Kulmbach  hither,  to  George 
William  (d.  1726),  and  to  Frederick  (d.  1763),  husband  of  Wil- 
helmine,  the  talented  sister  of  Frederick  the  Great.  Under  the  last- 
named  prince  many  handsome  buildings  were  erected. 

At  the  end  of  the  street  ascending  to  the  right  as  we  quit  the 
station  ,  is  seen  the  Richard  Wagner  Theatre  (p.  88).  To  the  left 
the  Bahnhof-Str.  leads  over  the  Main  to  the  Luitpold-Platz,  in 
which  (to  the  right)  rises  the  Palace  of  Duke  Alexander  of  Wurtem- 
herg.  Farther  on,  to  the  left  beyond  the  Harmonie-Briicke,  is  the 
Opern-Strasse,  with  the  Opera  House,  a  sumptuous  building  erected 
by  Margrave  Frederick  in  1747,  and  richly  decorated  in  the  interior 


to  Weiden.  BAYREUTH.  18.  Route.     87 

in  the  rococo  style.  At  the  end  of  the  Opern-Str.  is  the  Maximilian- 
Platz ,  -whence  the  Maximilian-Str.  diverges  to  the  W.,  the  Lud- 
wig-Str.  to  the  S.,  the  Bad-Str.  and  the  Richard-Wagner-Str.  to  the 
E.  The  House  of  Richard  Wagner,  Richard- Wagner-Strasse  2831/2, 
built  in  1873-74  by  Wolfle,  bears  the  inscription  :  'Hier  wo  mein 
Wahnen  Frieden  fand ,  Wahnfried  sei  dieses  Haus  von  mir  be- 
nannt'.  Above  is  a  sgraffito  by  Krausse,  representing  Wotan  as  a 
■wanderer.  In  front  of  the  house  is  a  bust  of  King  Lewis  II.  "Wagner 
(d.  1883)  is  buried  in  the  garden. 

The  Ludwig-Str.  (see  above)  leads  to  the  Residenz-Platz,  in 
which  is  the  New  Palace  (PI.  2),  a  long  building  with  wings,  now  a 
royal  residence,  erected  in  1753.  The  left  wing  now  contains  the 
picture-gallery  of  the  Kunst-Verein  (open  Sun.,  Tues.,  &  Thurs., 
11-1).  The  Palace  Garden  and  Park  are  used  as  public  promenades 
(military  band  on  Sun.  and  holidays).  The  large  Fountain  in  front 
of  the  Palace  bears  an  equestrian  Statue  of  Margrave  Christian 
Ernest  (d.  1712),  a  marshal  in  the  imperial  service,  erected  in  1700. 
The  four  allegorical  figures  in  sandstone  at  the  foot  of  the  pedestal 
represent  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe. 

In  front  of  the  Gymnasium  rises  Schwanthaler's  Statue  of  Jean 
Paul  Friedrich  Richter  (d.  1825;  PI.  3),  whose  house  in  the 
Friedrich-Strasse  (No.  5,  to  the  right)  bears  an  inscription. 

From  the  N.  end  of  the  Friedrich-Str.  the  Kanzlei-Str.  leads  to 
the  right  to  the  Maximilian-Str.  and  the  old  palace.  The  Gothic 
Stadtpfarrkirche  (Prot. ;  PI.  4),  built  in  1439-46,  contains  several 
pictures  by  Riedel,  a  native  of  Bayreuth.  Beneath  the  church  is  the 
FUrstengruft ,  in  which  most  of  the  princes  from  the  17th  to  the 
18th  cent,  are  interred. 

The  Old  Palace  (PI.  1),  begun  in  1454,  burned  down  in  1758,  and 
soon  after  rebuilt,  is  now  occupied  by  public  offices.  The  octagonal 
Tower,  erected  in  1603,  with  a  remarkably  fine  double  spiral  staircase, 
affords  a  good  survey  of  the  environs  (key  at  the  sacristan's,  Richard- 
Wagner-Str.  291 ;  fee  40  pf.).  In  front  of  the  Palace  rises  a  Statue 
of  Maximilian  II.  in  bronze,  by  Brugger,  erected  on  the  50th  anni- 
versary of  the  union  of  the  principality  with  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria, 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church  beside  the  palace  (formerly  the 
palace-church)  contains  the  tombs  of  Margrave  Frederick  and  his 
consort  Wilhelmine  (p.  86).  Close  by  is  the  Harmonie ,  a  pretty 
little  Renaissance  building.  —  The  Maximilian-Strasse  (market- 
place) is  embellished  with  several  fountains.  Many  of  the  houses 
possess  handsome  oriel  windows.  In  the  Schul-Strasse ,  which  di- 
verges to  the  right,  is  the  handsome  school,  in  front  of  which  is  a 
bronze  bust  of  J,  B.  Graser  (d,  1841),  the  schoolmaster,  by  Zum- 
busch.  In  the  cemetery  to  the  W.  of  the  town  (Erlauger  Str.)  are 
the  grdiy  es  of  Jean  Paul  Richter  (see  above)  and  Franz  Liszt  (d.  1886), 
the  latter  in  a  small  domed  chapel. 

To  the  N.  of  the  town ,    1  M.  from  the  station ,    on  the  hill 


88     Route  18.  BAYREUTH.  From  Neuenmarkt 

below  the  Burgerreuth,  stands  the  Wagner  Theatre,  where  the 
'Nibelungenring'  was  first  performed  in  1876  and  'Parsifal'  in  1882. 
The  theatre ,  built  by  Briickwald  of  Leipsic ,  contains  1650  seats. 
Higher  up  is  the  Burgerreuth ,  a  restaurant  which  commands  a  fine 
view  of  Bayreuth  and  the  environs.  Above  the  Biirgerreuth  to  the 
N.  towers  the  Hohe  Warte  (1525  ft.),  on  which  rises  the  Sieges- 
thurm  (55  ft.)  in  memory  of  the  war  of  1870-71 ,  commanding  an 
extensive  view. 

St.  Georgen,  commonly  called  the  ^ Brandenburg er\  situated  on  a 
hill  to  the  N.E.,  is  a  suburb  of  Bayreuth,  founded  by  Margr.  George 
William  (d.  1726)  at  the  beginning  of  the  18th  century.  The  road 
to  it  passes  tlirough  a  tunnel  below  the  railway,  beyond  which,  on 
the  left,  is  the  large  Cotton  Factory  mentioned  at  p.  86.  The  road 
divides  here.  The  branch  to  the  right,  a  maple  and  chestnut  avenue, 
flanked  with  handsome  modern  houses,  leads  to  St.  Georgen.  The 
linden  avenue  to  the  left,  planted  in  1723,  leads  past  a  large  spin- 
ning-mill (left),  the  new  District  Prison  (right),  and  the  St.  Georgen 
House  of  Correction  (left) ,  to  the  Military  Hospital ,  once  the 
chapter-house  of  the  knights  of  an  ^Ordre  de  la  Sincerite\  instituted 
in  1712  by  George  William  and  changed  to  the  Order  of  the  Red 
Eagle  (Roter  Adler-Orden)  in  1734  by  Margrave  George  Frederick 
Charles.  The  meetings  of  the  order  were  held  in  the  church  of 
St.  Georgen  (still  called  '  Ordenskirche'^ ,  built  in  1705-18.  The 
balustrade  of  the  gallery  is  adorned  with  the  arms  of  the  knights 
down  to  1767.  —  At  the  other  end  of  the  principal  street  is  the 
Abbey  Church  of  Oravenreuth. 

The  Eremitage,  3  M.  to  the  E.  of  Bayreuth,  a  chateau  with  gardens, 
fountains,  artificial  ruins,  etc. ,  was  erected  by  George  William  in  1715. 
It  contains  a  number  of  family-portraits,  including  Frederick  the  Great, 
as  a  child,  and  as  king,  and  his  sister  the  Margravine  Wilhelmine, 
who  wrote  her  memoirs  here;  among  those  in  the  lower  part  of  the 
Schloss  is  that  of  the  Countess  Orlamiinde  (the  'White  Lady",  p.  74). 
In  the  vicinity  is  the  '  Grosse  Bassin,"  an  imitation  of  that  at  Versailles, 
surrounded  by  a  temple  of  the  Sun  and  its  two  detached  wings.  The 
walls  of  these  buildings  are  fantastically  inlaid  with  coloured  stones, 
rock-crystal,  etc.  The  interior  of  the  temple  is  sumptuously  fitted  up, 
and  contains  handsome  columns  of  striped  marble.  Between  the  chateau 
itself  and  the  offices  (now  a  restaurant)  is  a  pretty  garden.  Adjacent  are 
the  Roman  theatre  and  the  large  water-tower,  containing  1000  gallons  of 
water  for  the  fountains.  The  water-works  play  on  Sundays  about  5  p.m. 
(adm.  gratis)  and  may  be  seen  at  other  times  for  a  fee  of  2  Jl. 

About  halfway  to  the  Eremitage,  at  the  point  where  the  road  turns 
at  a  right  angle  to  the  N.,  is  a  small  inn,  called  RollwenzeVs  Haus,  with 
a  room  where  Jean  Paul  Richter  ns&AiovfTiie,  containing  some  memorials 
of  him. 

The  Fantaisie,  a  chateau  31/2  M.  to  the  W.  of  Bavreuth,  built  in  1758 
and  tastefully  fitted  up ,  the  seat  of  Duke  Alex,  of  Wurtemberg  (d.  1881) 
from  1828  to  1881,  is  charmingly  situated  on  a  richly  wooded  hill,  near 
the  village  of  Eckersdorf.  The  gardens  and  park,  with  bath-house,  phea- 
santry,  fountains,  etc.,  are  kept  in  excellent  order.  The  grounds  attract 
numerous  visitors  from  Bayreuth  {j Hotel  Fantaisie^  by  the  park).  —  In  the 
vicinity  is  St.  Gilgenberg,  a  lunatic  asylum,  prettily  situated. 

Eckersdorf  lies  on  the  direct  route  to  the  Franco nian  Switzerland 
(diligence   daily    in   4  hrs.   to    Waischen/eld ,    p.   94).     A  pleasanter  route 


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to  Weiden.  BERNECK.  18.  Route.     89 

for  pedestrians   is   by  Mistelgau ,    Glashiilten ,   Volshach ,    and  Kirchahorn  to 
Eabenstein  (p.  94)  in  4-5  hrs. 

To  the  left,  as  Bayreuth  is  quitted,  are  St.  Georgen  and  the  Ere- 
mitage,  to  the  right  wooded  hills.  18  M.  Stockau;  2072  M.  Sey- 
lothenreuth ;  25  M.  Kirchenlnibach  (junction  for  the  Nuremberg 
and  Eger  Railway,  p.  110),  29 M.  Kemnnth-Neustadt ;  on  the  right 
the  Rauhe  Kulm  (2240  ft.),  on  the  left  the  S.  spurs  of  the  Fich- 
telgebirge.  We  follow  the  valley  oi  t\ie,  Heidenah.  32  M.  Trahiiz; 
36  M.  Pressath;  39i/oM.  Schwarzenbach ;  thence  through  extensive 
pine-forests  (Parksteiner  and  Mantler  Wald)  to  (411/2  M.)  Park- 
steinhutten  and  (49  M.)  Weiden  (p.  134). 

The  Fichtelgehirge. 

Diligence  once  daily  from  Bayreuth  to  (91/2  M.)  Berneck  in  2  hrs. 
From  Stat.  Markt-Schorgast  (p.  74)  to  (SVzM.)  Berneck  omnibus  twice  daily  in 
40  minutes.  —  From  Berneck  through  the  Ooldmiihl  -  Thai  (valley  of  the 
Weisse  Main)  to  Bischo/sgriin^  diligence  daily  in  l^/*  hr.  (carr.  6-8  USf,  incl. 
fee).  Then  on  foot  over  the  Ochsenkopf  and  Schneeberg  to  Weissenstadt  in 
6  hrs.  —  Walk  to  the  top  of  the  Waldstein  and  back  (2i/2  hrs.)  ;  drive  from 
Weissenstadt  by  Wunsiedel  to  the  Alexandersbad  in  2  hrs.  ■■,  ascend  the 
Luisenhurg  with  guide,  and  return  to  Wunsiedel  (3  hrs.).  From  Wunsiedel 
by  train  in  10  min.  to  Eolenbrunn ,  on  the  Fichtelgehirge  Railway,  p.  118. 
—  Carriage  and  pair  from  Bayreuth  to  Alexandersbad  by  Berneck,  Sechaus, 
Trostau,  Schonbrunu,  and  Wunsiedel  in  8-9  hrs.,  40-45 .if.  —  Guides  (4-5  Jf 
per  day)  are  seldom  required,  as  the  German  Alpine  Club  and  local  asso- 
ciations have  made  paths  and  provided  finger-posts. 

Bayreuth,  see  p.  86.  The  road  leads  through  St.  Georgen  (p.  88) 
to  (3  M.)  Bindlach  (p.  86),  where  it  begins  to  ascend.  Fine  view  as 
we  look  back  on  Bayreuth.  Near  Berneck  we  cross  the  Weisse  Main. 

91/2  M.  Berneck  (1273  ft.;  *Lowe;  *Hirsch,  R.  1 1/2-2.//,  B. 
60  pf.;  *Krone  or  Post,  R.  I-II/2  J^,  D-  1  -//  40  pf.;  Stadt  Bay- 
reuth ,'  Bube,  with  garden-restaurant ;  Schmidt's  Restaurant,  in  the 
market-place;  Bdreneck  Restaurant,  with  pretty  view),  pictur- 
esquely situated  in  a  narrow  valley  watered  by  the  Oelsnitz,  is  a 
favourite  summer-resort  (1500  inhab.).  In  the  main  street  is  the 
Curhaus,  with  reading-room,  garden,  and  restaurant.  On  the  Oels- 
nitz,  at  the  foot  of  the  Schlossberg,  is  the  Cur-Colonnade,  where 
a  band  plays  several  times  a  week.  (Visitors'  tax  for  a  stay  of  more 
than  five  days,  4  J/,  two  pers.  6  .//,  etc.).  On  the  steep  hill  above 
the  town  are  the  ruins  of  two  castles  and  of  a  chapel.  A  pleasant 
path  along  the  Oelsnitz  gradually  ascends  the  wooded  hill  in  20  min. 
to  the  Obere  Burg  (1548  ft.) ,  destroyed  by  the  Hussites  in  1430. 
Fine  view  hence ;  still  finer  from  the  Engelsburg  ,  10  min.  farther 
on,  and  the  adjacent  Kirchleite  (1935  ft.;  belvedere). 

Another  excursion  is  to  (2/4  hr.)  the  ruined  castle  of  Stein,  ro- 
mantically situated  in  the  valley  of  the  Oelsnitz.  Thence  we  may 
walk  through  the  valleys  of  the  Oelsnitz  and  the  Liibnitz,  past  the 
ruin  of  Griinstein,  to  (8/4  hr.)  Gefrees  (p.  74).  —  Pearl -mussels 
(Uuio  margaritifer)  are  found  in  the  Oelsnitz  in  considerable  quan- 


90    Eoute  18.  BISCHOFSGRUN.  Fichtelgebirge. 

titles  ;  the  shells  are  opened  and  the  pearls  removed  every  6-7  years 
hy  a  government  official. 

Omnibus  from  Berneck  to  Markt-Schorgatt  and  Bischofsgriin^  see  above. 
Carriage  and  pair  12-15  Jl  a  day,  or  6-8  Jl  for  half  a  day,  incl.  gratuity.  — 
Himmelkroyi,  mentioned  at  p.  74,  lies  4  M.  to  the  W. 

The  New  Road  from  Berneck  by  Ooldmuhl  (Heisinger;  Zapf; 
Schwarzes  Ross)  to  (9  M.)  Bischofsgriin  crosses  the  Oelsnitz.  (On 
the  hill-side  is  the  arboretum  Bliichersruhe,  with  its  belvedere.)  It 
then  leads  to  the  left  through  the  *  Ooldmuhl- Thai,  or  valley  of  the 
Weisse  Main,  to  the  Glasenmuhle  (see  below),  passing  a  chalybeate 
spring  1^2  ^I-  before  reaching  Bischofsgriin.  The  shorter,  but  less 
interesting  Footpath,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  valley,  at  first  ascends 
rapidly;  then,  generally  level,  leads  through  wood,  passing  (3/4  hr. 
Barnreut  (1700  ft.).  Thence  it  partly  follows  the  road  to  (IV4  hr.) 
Wilfersreut  (2296  ft.),  descends  by  the  Weisse  Main  to  the  Glasen- 
muhle (1952  ft),  and  lastly  ascends  again  to  (1  hr.)  Bischofsgrun 
(2225  ft.;  *Schmidt;  Puchtler),  a  village  conspicuously  situated  at 
the  N.  base  of  the  Ochsenkopf,  almost  entirely  rebuilt  since  a  great 
fire  in  1887,  with  large  manufactories  of  beads. 

The  path  to  the  Ochsenkopf  (3363  ft.;  ascent  1  hr.;  guide  not 
indispensable  :  Ochsenkopf  2  J^,  Ochsenkopf  and  Schneeberg  i^) 
leads  through  wood,  and  except  at  one  place,  the  ascent  is  gradual. 
At  the  top  it  traverses  blocks  of  granite  and  passes  the  Schneeloch, 
a  hollow  where  snow  lies  till  June.  At  the  top  is  a  slab  with  a 
very  ancient  carving  of  an  ox's  head  (frequently  restored).  From 
the  View  Tower  we  gain  an  extensive  view  of  the  Fichtelgebirge, 
Franconiau  Switzerland,  etc.,  including  the  Thuringian  Forest  to 
the  N.W.  About  5  min.  to  the  S.  of  the  tower  is  a  spot  known  as 
the  'Aussicht'  (view),  commanding  a  picturesque  glimpse  of  War- 
mensteinach. 

The  route  by  Warmensteinach  to  Bischofsgrun  and  the  Ochsenkopf,  2  hrs. 
longer  than  the  above,  is  preferable.  The  road  quits  the  valley  of  the  Main 
beyond  Goldmtihl,  and  ascends  to  the  right  in  the  valley  of  the  Zoppatenbach 
to  (20  min.)  Brandholz.  The  antimony,  lead,  and  silver  mines  once  largely 
worked  here,  as  numerous  heaps  of  rubbish  still  testify,  are  now  exhausted. 
About  V2  hr.  beyond  Brandholz  we  cross  a  meadow  and  ascend  the  road. 
In  a  few  minutes  more ,  where  the  path  divides ,  the  branch  to  the  left 
leads  to  (IV4  hr.)  Warmensteinach  (2065  ft. ;  TrasseVs  Inn),  prettily  situated. 
The  shingle-roofed  houses  lie  scattered  along  the  slopes  of  the  upper  valley 
of  the  Steinach.     Glass-making  and  glass-polishing  are  the  chief  industries. 

A  road  leads  hence  through  the  Lochle-  Thai,  a  romantic  wooded  ra- 
vine (tavern),  to  (1  hr.)  Grassemann  (2405  ft.),  a  former  mining  settle- 
ment, situated  on  an  open  plateau.  Before  the  village  we  pass  the  Lud- 
toigs- Quelle.  Thence  either  to  Bischofsgrun  in  I1/2  hr.  by  a  distinct  path 
(short-cut  to  the  right  just  beyond  the  finger-post),  or  direct  to  the  summit 
of  the  Ochsenkopf  (see  above;  path  indicated  by  white  marks;  guide  not 
necessary). 

From  the  Ochsenkopf  we  descend  the  saddle  to  the  E.,  which 
connects  the  Ochsenkopf  and  Schneeberg;  20  min..  Source  of  the 
Main  {Weissmainquelle ;  2910  ft.),  an  excellent  spring,  the  only  one 
for  a  long  distance  (benches;  inscription);  10  min.,  the  Weissmain- 
felsen  (2857  ft.) ,   a  group    of  rocks  affording   a   fine   view  of  the 


FkUelgehirge.  WEISSENSTADT.  75.  Route.    91 

Schneeberg  and  Nusshard ,  and  towards  the  S.  The  Bischofsgriin 
and  Fichtelberg  road ,  in  the  valley  which  separates  the  Schneeberg 
from  the  Ochsenkopf,  is  now  followed  to  (2/4  M.)  Karches  (2410  ft.; 
beer).  We  here  enter  the  wood  to  the  left ,  and  ascend  to  (1  hr.) 
the  *Nusshard  (3190  ft.) ,  a  group  of  huge  blocks  of  granite  ren- 
dered accessible  by  steps.  The  nine  round  hollows  on  the  top  of 
the  rock  are  called  'the  Druids'  dishes'.  The  (V2  l^r.)  Schneeberg 
(3454  ft.)  is  crowned  with  a  group  of  rocks,  30  ft.  high,  named  the 
Backofele  ('oven'),  rendered  accessible  by  a  ladder.  On  the  top  is 
a  hut  built  by  the  Fichtelgebirge  Club.  *Panorama  uninterrupted, 
except  towards  the  S.W.  by  the  Ochsenkopf:  to  the  S.E.  is  the 
Kosseine,  to  the  left  the  Luisenburg;  N.E.  the  Erzgebirge  in  the 
distance;  N.  the  Rudolfstein ,  Weissenstadt ,  and  the  Waldstein; 
N.W.  the  Thuringian  Mts.  and  the  Gleichberge  . 

"We  now  descend  in  40  min.  to  the  '■DreiBruder'  (2736  ft.),  three 
lofty  groups  of  granite  slabs,  that  in  the  middle  resembling  a  wolf; 
7  min.,  the  *B.udolfstein  (2848  ft.),  a  huge  and  imposing  group  of 
granite  rocks,  ascended  by  steps,  commanding  a  superb  view.  We 
next  descend  through  wood,  passing  the  Staff-Reizenstein  monu- 
ment, to  the  (1/2  lir.)  plain  and  (1 1/2  M.)  Weissenstadt.  Before  cross- 
ing the  Eger  we  observe  several  rock-cellars  on  the  left. 

Weissenstadt  (2070ft. ;  Adler  or  Alte  Post;  Lowe),  a  small  town 
with  2600  inhab. ,  lies  in  a  somewhat  marshy  valley,  on  the  Eger, 
which  rises  6  M.  to  the  S.W.  Ackermann's  stone-polishing  works 
enjoy  a  high  reputation. 

The  '^Grosse  Waldstein  (2920  ft.)  may  be  ascended  from  Weissenstadt 
in  1  hr.  (without  guide).  By  the  barns  on  the  N.  side  of  Weissenstadt, 
the  path  diverges  from  the  Kirchenlamitz  road  to  the  left  and  leads  into 
the  wood  to  a  (3/4  hr.)  finger-post  on  the  left,  'zum  Waldstein',  1/4  hr. 
more.  This  is  another  group  of  granite  rocks  made  accessible  by  paths 
and  steps,  and  crowned  with  an  iron  pavilion;  extensive  and  picturesque 
'Panorama,  with  wooded  foreground.  The  castle  of  Waldstein^  of  which 
fragments  remain,  a  robbers'  stronghold,  was  destroyed  by  the  Swabian 
League  in  1523.  Adjacent  is  the  finely  situated  Waldhaus  (2897  ft. ;  Rfmts.). 
—  We  may  now  descend  to  the  Source  of  the  Saale  (2312  ft.),  either  direct 
by  the  Bdrenfang  (path  pointed  out  by  the  forester)  in  1/2  hr.,  or  by  (V2  hr.) 
Zell  (2020  ft.),  and  thence  to  the  S.  to  the  spring  in  1/2  hr.  more.  Thence 
3/4  hr.  more  to  the  Gefrees  and  Weissenstadt  road.  From  Zell  or  from  the 
Waldstein  via  Sparneck  to  Munchherg  (rail,  stat.,  p.  73),  2  hrs. 

A  marked  path,  running  first  to  the  N.W.  then  to  the  E.,  and  crossing 
the  road  from  Weissenstadt  to  Sparneck,  leads  from  the  Waldhaus  to  the 
(I3/4  hr.)  Epprechtstein  (2600  ft.) ,  with  a  ruined  castle  and  a  beautiful 
view ;  thence  by  Buchhaus  (rfmta.) ,  or  direct ,  to  (3/4  hr.)  Kirchenlamitz 
('Lowe),  11/2  M.  from  the  station,  p.  134. 

The  shadeless  road  from  Weissenstadt  to  (2^/4  hrs.)  Wunsiedel  is 
unattractive  to  walkers.  (Carr.  and  pair  to  Alexandersbad  in  11/2  ^r., 
7-8  J^,'  diligence  to  Roslau,  p.  134,  twice  daily  in  II/4  hr.) 

Wtinsiedel  (1755  ft. ;  *Kronprinz,  R.  1  J/  20  pf.;  *Emhom,  R. 
1  J/,  B.  50  pf. ;  Muller's  Restaurant ;  one-horse  carr.  to  Alexanders- 
bad  3,  two-horse  5  J^),  a  pleasant,  well-built  town  with  4000  in- 
hab., on  iheRosla  or  Rosslau,  was  the  birthplace  of  Jean  Paul  Fried- 


92    Route  18.  ALEXANDERSBAD. 

rich  Richter  (p.  87),  whose  bust  by  Scb  wan  thaler  has  been  placed  in 
front  of  the  house  where  he  was  born,  adjoining  the  church. 

The  Alexandersbad  (1915  ft. ;  ^Chalybeate  Baths  and  Hydro- 
pathic, the  property  of  a  company,  D.  21/2  «^/  *Hdtel  Weber,  also 
with  pine-cone  baths,  D.  ll/2«^/  *Roglermuhle  Inn,  on  the  Diinkel- 
hammer,  1/4  M.  from  the  Hot,  Weber),  2  M.  to  the  S.E.  of  Wunsie- 
del,  is  named  after  the  last  Margrave  of  Ansbach-Bayreuth.  The 
chalybeate  springs  and  the  pine-cone  and  mud-baths,  combined  with 
the  pleasant  scenery,  attract  numerous  visitors. 

The  'Luisenburg  (2266  ft.),  the  most  striking  point  in  the  environs, 
so  named  after  the  visit  of  Queen  Louisa  of  Prussia  in  1805,  formerly  called 
Luxhurg,  with  a  few  traces  of  an  old  castle,  lies  I1/2  M.  to  the  W.  of  the 
Alexandersbad  and  2  M.  to  the  S.  of  Wunsiedel.  (Guide  desirable:  from 
Wunsiedel  or  from  Alexandersbad  to  the  Luisenburg  2,  to  the  Luisenburg 
and  Kosseine  3  Jl.)  The  Luisenburg  is,  as  it  were,  a  mountain  in  ruins. 
Huge  masses  of  granite  of  fantastic  form  are  piled  together  in  wild  con- 
fusion, the  result  of  disintegration;  they  are  partly  overgrown  with  thick 
moss,  interspersed  with  pines  and  bushes,  and  are  rendered  accessible  by 
steps,  bridges,  etc.  At  the  entrance  to  the  labyrinth  is  the  Gesellschafts- 
Platz,  with  a  restaurant  (2255  ft.).  Numerous  inscriptions  on  the  rocks. 
This  rocky  labyrinth  affords  a  beautiful  walk,  ascending  in  V2  hr.  to  the 
Bundesstein  or  Kreuz  (2575  ft.).  The  finest  point  is  the  -Burgstein  (2858  ft.), 
20  min.  farther  on,  a  group  of  rocks  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  with  a  railing, 
affording  a  panorama  towards  the  E.,  N.,  and  W. 

The  "Eaberstein  (2785  ft.),  1/4  hr.  farther  on,  consisting  of  four  lofty  rocks, 
is  another  good  point  of  view.  The  *K6sseine  (3078  ft.),  3/4  hr.  from  the 
Haberstein  (I72  hr.  direct  from  Alexandersbad)  commands  the  finest  and 
most  extensive  view  in  the  Fichtelgebirge ,  embracing  the  greater  part  of 
the  Upper  Palatinate  towards  the  S.  (Temple  at  the  top ;  a  little  below  it 
is  a  simple  restaurant;  good  water  10  min.  below  the  summit  on  the  E. 
side.)  —  From  this  point  a  path  leads  by  the  Matze  (2670  ft.)  and  the 
Girgelstein  (2400  ft.)  to  the  (2  hrs.)  SilberTiaus  (forester's  house,  with  two 
beds),  whence  we  may  ascend  by  the  forester's  house  of  (1  hr.)  Seehans  to 
the  Nusshard  and  the  (1  hr.)  Schneeherg  (p,  91). 

Railway  in  10  min.  from  Wunsiedel  to  (21/4  M.)  Holenbrunn 
on  the  Fichtelgebirge  Railway  (p.  134). 

19.  Franconian  Switzerland. 

Comp.  Map.,  p.  77. 

The  small  hilly  district  dignified  with  this  title  (1600  ft.  above  the 
sea-level),  with  its  pretty  valleys  watered  by  the  Wiesent,  its  wooded  heights, 
forming  the  W.  spurs  of  the  Fichtelgebirge,  and  lying  nearly  in  the  centre 
of  a  triangle  formed  by  Nuremberg,  Bamberg,  and  Bayreuth,  owes  its  repu- 
tation chiefly  to  its  Stalactite  Caverns,  containing  remains  of  antedilu- 
vian animals,  specimens  of  which  are  preserved  in  almost  every  museum 
in  Europe.  The  'Jura'  limestone  and  dolomite  rock-formations  are  also 
picturesque,  occasionally  assuming  the  most  grotesque  shapes. 

The  finest  points  are  accessible  to  walkers  only.  A  guide  (seldom  ne- 
cessary) may  generally  be  procured  for  2-3  Jl  per  day.  —  Railway  from 
Forchheim  io  EhermannstacU,  91/2  M.,  in  ^jihr.  —  Post  Omnibus  from  Eber- 
mannstadt  via  Slreitherg  and  Behringersmiihl  to  Waischenfeld,  17 V2  M.,  in 
41/4  hrs.;  from  Pottenstein  to  Pegnitz  (railway-station,  see  p.  110),  twice  daily 
in  13/4  hr. 

From  Forchheim  (see  p.  80)  the  local  railway  leads  in  a  wide 
curve  to  the  E.  into  the  pleasant  Wiesent-Thal,  and  passes  the 
stations  oi  Pinzberg  [*Terrasse  Inn,   1/2  M.  from  the  station,  with 


STREITBERG.  19.  Route.     93 

beautiful  view),  Gosherg,  Wiesenthau,  Kirchehrnbach,  and  Pretzfeld. 
9V2  ^I-  Ebermannstadt  (957  ft.),  the  terminus,  lies  at  the  junction 
of  the  Lange-ThaL  (see  below)  and  the  AViesent-Thal.  A  road  (carr. 
at  the  station)  leads  hence,  via  Gasseldorf,  to  ('Vi  hr.)  — 

2  M.  Streitberg  (1046ft.;  *Curanstalt,  recommended  for  some  stay, 
K.  5V2-14:./#  per  week,  D.  2.if,-  *Goldener  Lowe,  or  Post,  with  gar- 
den, R.  1  J^  20-2^//,  B.  50  pf.,  D.  li/.,,  pens.  4^//,-  Adler'),  a  pic- 
turesquely situated  village,  frequented  as  a  summer-resort  (visitors' 
tax  S  ^,  families  5  »///).  Pretty  walk  to  the  (1/4  lir.)  Muschel- 
quelle.  Fine  views  from  the  (lOmin.)  ancient  Streitburg  and  the 
(3/4  hr.)  ruin  oi  Neudeck,  opposite  ;  still  liner  from  the  Hummer  stein  ^ 
3/4  hr.  to  the  W.,  on  which  is  a  refuge-hut  (key  at  the  inn  at 
Gasseldorf),  and  the  Guckhull,  1  hr.  to  the  N.E.  Pleasant  excur- 
sions through  the  *Lange-Thal  and  the  *■  Felsenschlucht'  to  the  (1  hr.) 
Schonsteinhohle ,  a  grotto  with  fine  stalactites  (guide  for  one  pers. 
i  J^,  for  several  40  pf.  each),  and  through  the  Leinleiter-Thal  to 
(1  hr.)  Unterleinleiter,  with  a  fine  park  of  Baron  Seckendorf. 

The  road  goes  on  from  Streitberg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Wiesent,  to  (21/2  M.)  Muggendorf  (1060  ft.;  ^Curhaus  ^  Hotel  zur 
FrdnkischenSchweiz,  D.  172^^/  *Stern,  K.l,  D.II/2  «^^;  Wolfsschlucht, 
with  reading-room;  Schwan,  Sonne,  Tiirkei,  less  pretending;  re- 
staurants Rosenau  and  Erholung,  with  pretty  views;  Kohlmann')^ 
prettily  situated  ,  and  a  good  centre  for  excursions.  (Christoph 
Brendel  is  a  good  guide ;  2  M  per  day.)  Shady  promenades  on  the 
opposite  bank  of  the  Wiesent. 

Below  Muggendorf  (>/2  hr.)  is  the  RosenmuUer's  Hdhle,  the  entrance  to 
which  is  visible  to  the  left  from  the  road  (guide,  usually  at  the  cave, 
and  lights  for  1-6  pers.,  2  Jf).  It  contains  fine  stalactites  and  fossil  remains 
of  animals.  The  Oswaldshohle  (V2  hr.)  may  be  visited  also,  if  time  permit. 
Near  it  are  the  Wundershohle  and  Witzenhohle.  The  latter  is  said  to  contain 
a  heathen  altar  (?).  The  Kuppenhurg,  near  the  Kosenmiiller's  Hdhle,  the 
Hohenstein,  and  the  '^Hohe  Wacht,  above  the  Oswaldshohle,  are  good  points 
of  view.  The  village  of  Wichsenstein ,  the  highest  point  (1944  ft.)  of  the 
Franconian  Switzerland,  commanding  an  extensive  panorama,  may  be  reach- 
ed from  Muggendorf  in  21/2  hrs.,  via  Windisch-Gailenreuth.  In  the  Trubach' 
Thai,  3  M.  to  the  S.,  is  the  picturesque  chateau  of  Egloffstein  (p.  81). 

At  Muggendorf  the  road  divides.  The  branch  to  the  right  leads 
to  the  S.E.  through  the  Wiesent-Thal  past  (3  M.)  the  picturesque 
little  chateau  of  Burggailenreuth  (p.  94 ;  to  the  right,  on  the  hill), 
and  the  (3  M.)  Stempfermiihle  (p.  94) ,  with  the  Drei  Quellen^ 
whence  Gossweinstein,  on  the  height  to  the  right,  may  be  reached 
in  3/4  hr.,  to  (3/4  M.)  Behringersmiihl  (*Post^  R.  1  .//,•  *Hartmann)^ 
a  village  much  frequented  as  a  summer-resort,  charmingly  situated 
at  the  junction  of  the  Wiesent-Thal,  the  Ailsbach-Thal,  and  the 
Piittlach-Thal.  The  Pfaffenstein,  I/2  lir-  to  theW.,  commands  a  fine 
view.  —  The  road  to  the  left  crosses  the  hills  towards  the  E.  to 
(3  M.)  Doos  (p.  94).  From  this  road  another  leads  to  the  right, 
just  beyond  Muggendorf,  to  (2  M.)  Engelhardsberg  (Wunder;  key 
of  the  Riesenburg,  see  p.  94),  10  min.  from  which  rise  the  bold 
Adlerstein  (1740  ft.),  a  splendid  point  of  view,  and  the  (10  min.) 


94    Route  19.  GOSSWEINSTEIN. 

Quakenschloss ,  a  jagged  grauwacke  rock  (wlience  we  return  by 
Engelhardsberg).  To  the  N.  of  the  village  rises  the  (1/4  hr.)  *Rie- 
senburg,  a  wild  group  of  dolomite  rocks  rendered  accessible  by  paths 
and  bridges  (adm.  50  pf.,  .2  pers.  35  pf.  each,  3-4  pers.  25 pf.  each, 
5  or  more  pers.  20  pf.  each).  Charming  view  of  the  *Schotter-Thal  or 
Schauder-Thal,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  valleys  in  this  district. 
At  the  S.  end,  ^/^  hr.  from  the  Riesenburg ,  lies  Behringersmiihle 
(see  above).  We  descend  into  this  valley,  turn  to  the  left,  and  in 
1/4  hr.  reach  the  Doos  or  Toos  Inn  (1118  ft.  ;  unpretending),  where 
a  key  of  the  Riesenburg  is  also  kept. 

Here  begins  the  picturesque  Rahenecker-Thal,  watered  by  the  Wiesent. 
We  quit  the  road  (which  goes  on  to  Waischenfeld,  2  M.)  at  a  mill  (13/4  M.), 
and  beyond  the  Wiesent  ascend  to  the  right,  on  the  left  side  of  the  partly 
preserved  Burg  Rabeneck ,  to  a  lofty  plain;  then  take  the  path  to  the  left 
by  the  wood,  turning  off  to  the  right  after  a  few  yards,  and  passing 
(25  min.)  Schonhof,  reach  (1/2  hr.)  Burg  Rabenstein  (1456  ft.),  a  pinnacled 
castle  restored  in  1829,  looking  down  upon  the  Ahorn-Thal,  160  feet  below. 
In  the  latter,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  lies  the  Neumiihle  (Restaurant). 

The  custodian  shows  the  remains  of  antediluvian  animals  found  in 
the  caves,  and  conducts  the  visitor  to  the  (74  hr.)  Sophienhohle  or  Raben- 
stein Cavern,  the  most  interesting  in  the  district  owing  to  the  abun- 
dance of  the  fossil  bones  and  the  perfection  of  the  stalactites  it  contains. 
An  hour  is  required  to  explore  it  (fee  3-4  Jl;  full  illumination  9  Jl ; 
magnesium  wire  40  pf.  extra  for  each  of  the  three  chambers).  The  Ludwigs- 
hohle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ahorn-Thal  hardly  merits  a  visit. 

We  may  now  cross  the  hill  separating  the  Ahorn-Thal  and  Wiesent-Thal 
to  (1  hr.)  Waischenfeld  (1137  ft.;  Gorl;  Hoffmann),  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  Wiesent,  and  environed  with  watch-towers  and  ruined  castles.  The 
Forstershohle  (20  min. ;  key  at  Gorl's  Inn  ;  one  pers.  1  J(,  each  additional 
visitor  50  pf.),  a  dome-shaped  vault,  contains  fine  stalactites.  —  Post-omni- 
bus hence  to  Bayreuih  (p.  86),  daily  in  41/4  hrs.  (2  Jf). 

Walkers  may  go  from  Rabenstein  across  the  table-land  direct  in  2  hrs. 
to  Pottenstein  (see  below):  by  the  Neumiihle  (see  above)  we  cross  the 
bridge  and  ascend  to  the  left  to  Zaupenherg ;  then,  leaving  the  villages  of 
Ailsdorf  and  Kleinlesau  on  the  right  (see  finger-posts),  we  reach,  beyond 
Waidmannsgesess,  the  road  leading  from  Oberailsdorf  to  Pottenstein.  — 
To  reach  (2  hrs.)  Behringersmiihl  we  return  for  a  few  hundred  paces  on 
the  Schonhof  road,  then  take  the  Oberailsdorf  footpath  to  the  left  (whence 
a  direct  path  leads  to  Tuchersfeld,  see  below),  and  follow  the  path  through 
the  pretty  and  sequestered  valley  of  the  Ailsbach.  From  Behringersmiihl 
to  Tiiehersfeld  and  Gossweinstein,  see  below. 

The  road  from  Muggendorf  to  Pottenstein  crosses  the  Wiesent 
at  Behringersmiihl  and  again  divides :  the  road  to  the  right  ascends 
rapidly  to  (1/2  lir.)  Gossweinstein  (1617ft.;  Distler,  with  garden; 
Amschler  'zur  Frank.  Schweiz';  Gold.  Adler;  Lowe;  Rose),  where 
there  is  a  large  pilgrimage  -  church  and  a  Chateau,  completely 
restored  in  the  Gothic  style  (visitors  admitted).  The  Burg ,  the 
Kreuz  behind  the  church ,  and  the  Wagnershbhe,  all  command  a 
*View  of  the  greater  part  of  the  Franconian  Switzerland,  including 
the  valleys  of  the  Ailsbach,  Wiesent,  and  Piittlach,  which  converge 
at  Behringersmiihl.  Through  the  grounds  in  the  government  forest 
we  descend  in  1/2  hr.  to  the  Stempfermiihle  (p.  93),  and  thence 
reach  Muggendorf  in  2  hrs. 

Near  Burggailenreuih  (p.  93),  1^/2  hr.  to  the  W.  of  Gossweinstein,  is  the 
Gailenreuther  Hohle ,   or  Zoolith  Cavern  (the  forester  at  Baron  Horneck 


NUREMBERG.  20.  Route.    95 

von  Weinheim's  Schloss  dispenses  modest  refreshments  and  shows  the 
cavern;  1-3  pers.  1  J(  each,  4-6  pers.  50  pf.  each,  larger  parties  25  pf.  each; 
light  10  pf.  for  each  pers.),  which  has  attained  a  European  celebrity  owing  to 
the  investigations  of  Esper,  Rosenmiiller,  Cuvier,  and  Goldfuss.  It  consists 
of  three  or  four  stories,  one  above  the  other,  each  containing  chambers 
filled  with  numerous  remains  of  bears,  lions,  wolves,  hysenas,  etc.  These 
wild  beasts  probably  lived  in  the  caves  to  which  they  brought  their  prey, 
and  where  they  afterwards  themselves  died.  There  are  several  other  cav- 
erns here  of  the  same  character,  such  as  .the  Kapps-Hohle  (difficult  of 
access),  containing  beautiful  stalactites.  Scientific  men  are  recommended 
to  visit  these  interesting  caves;  the  ordinary  traveller  will  probably  be 
satisfied  with  the  Sophienhohle  (p.  94). 

The  road  leads  to  the  E.  from  Behringersmuhl  through  the  ro- 
mantic Puttlach-Thal  to  (I72  M.)  Tuchersfeld  (Seiller,  rustic)  ,  a 
most  picturesque  village,  commanded  by  lofty  pinnacles  of  rock. 
Thence  to  (3M.)  Pottenstein  (1425  ft.;  Distter,  5c/i 6>/f),  a  beautifully 
situated  little  town,  with  a  chateau.  Diligence  twice  daily  in  2  hrs. 
to  Pegnitz  fp.  110). 

Pleasant  excursion  to  the  S.  through  the  romantic  Schutter-Thal  or 
Kiihlenfelser-Thal ,  past  the  Schutier  and  Klumper  mills  (by  the  first  of 
which  are  the  stalactite  caverns  called  the  Grosse  and  Kleine  Teufelsloch), 
to  (41/2  M.)  Kiihlenfeli.  Back  by  Kirchenhirkig  to  (81/2  M.)  Pottenstein.  — 
A  road  also  leads  from  Pottenstein  on  the  hill,  past  a  chapel  (*View),  to 
(31/2  M.)  Gossweinstein  (p.  94). 

20.  Nuremberg. 

Hotels.  *BatrischeeHof  (PI.  a;  C,  2),  Karl-Str.  1,  in  a  quiet  Situation, 
R.,  L.,  &A.  from  3,  B.  1,  D.  3  Jl ;  *Straus3  (Pl.c;  C,  3),  Karolinen-Str.  43, 
R.,  L.,  &  A.  3-4,  B.  iJl  20  pf.,  D.  3  M,  with  lift,  electric  light,  and  good 
caf^-restaurant ;  "Goldner  Adlee  (H6t.  Schlenk;  PI.  b,  D  2),  Adler-Str.  15, 
with  lift,  R.  &  A.  21/2-3,  B.  1,  D.  ?>  M ;  Wurtembeeger  Hof  (PI.  d-,  D,4), 
near  the  station,  R.  &  A.  from  2,  B.  1,  D.  %  Ji ;  these  four  of  the  first 
class.  —  *Wittelsbacher  Hof  (Pl.f;D,3),  Pfannenschmiedsgasse  22,  with 
small  garden  and  restaurant,  R.  &  A.  1V2-3  Jl^  B.  80  pf. ;  *Deutscheb  Kai- 
ser (Pi-  gi  D)  3),  *MoNOPOL  (PI.  h;  D,  3),  both  with  cafe's-restaurants ; 
*Kaiserhof  (PI.  k;  D,  3);  Rother  Hahn  (PI.  i;  D,  3),  all  in  the  Konig- 
Str. ;  Maximilian  (PI.  e;  E,  3),  Lorenzer-Str.  8.  —  "Nurnberger  Hof 
(PI.  1 ;  D,  3),  unpretending,  Herzog  Max,  both  in  the  Konig-Str.,  R.  I1/2-2  UJ?, 
B.  80  pf.,  D.  Uf'Jt;  HiMMELSLEiTER,  Karolineu-Str.  53,  R.  U/^Jf;  Wolfs- 
scHLUCHT,  Johannesgaase  4;  Einhorn,  Breitegasse  76,  near  the  Germanic 
aiuseum,  R.  i  Ji  20-2  Jl,  B.  60-80  pf. 

Restaurants.  At  the  Edtels  Strauss,  Wittelsbachei'  Hof,  and  Deutscher 
Kaiser,  see  above.  Also  "Siadtpark,  Maxfeld  (p.  109);  Bosenau  (PI.  A,  B,  2,  3; 
p.  109).  —  Wine.  -Giessing,  Rathhausgasse  8  (closed  in  the  evening)  ;  -Herren- 
keller  (Fottinger),  Theatergasse  19 ;  Nassauer  Keller,  in  the  Nassau  House 
(p.  99);  'Posthornlein  (Doring),  near  the  chapel  of  St.  Maurice;  cold  meat, 
etc.,  at  the  last  three.  —  Beer.  "Slrau-ss,  Deutscher  Kaiser,  Monopol,  Wol/s- 
schlucht;  see  above.  Also  Warthurg ,  Weinmarkt  7;  Braiwurst-GWcklein 
(p.  102),  at  the  back  of  the  Moritzcapelle,  quaint;  'Bratwurst-fferzle,liieT7.- 
gasse  9.  —  Marienth or z winger  (formerly  Schellmannsztcinger),  at  the  Ma- 
rienthor. 

Cafes.  Monopol,  see  above;  Krauss,  Kaiser-Str.  46;  Central,  Karo- 
linen-Str. 23;  Merkur,  Klaragasse  7;  Noris,  Josephs-Platz  1;  Gisela,  Spitt- 
lerthorgraben  1.  —  Confectioners.  Eisenbeits,  Konig-Str.  2a,  at  the  Museum 
Bridge;  Merklein,  Rathhausgasse  10;  Scheuermann,  Schustergasse  3,  behind 
the  Sebaldas  church. 

Baths.  Ludwigsbad,  Breitegasse  91 ,  at  the  Weisse  Thurm ;  Wildbad, 
on  the  Schiittinsel,  E.  side  of  the  town. 

Cabs.     For  1/4  hr.  1-2  pers.  60  pf.,  34  pers.  1  J(;  \'t  hr.,  1  or  11/2  Jf; 


96    Route  20.  NUREMBERG.  Collections. 

»/4  lir.,  IV2  or  2  J?;  1  hr,,  2  J(  or  2^2  J(;  small  articles  free,  box  20  pf.  — 
Porter  into  the  town:   under  33 lbs.  35  pf. ;  between  33  and  llOlbs.  50  pf. 

Tramways.  1.  From  the  i/ax/eJd  (Stadtpark ;  to  the  N.E.  of  PI.  F,  1) 
to  the  Bahnhof-Platz  (PI.  D,  E,  4),  Plarver  (PI.  B,  3),  and  Furth  (p.  69; 
from  the  Central  Station  to  Fiirth ,  3/^  hr.,  20  pf,);  white  lamps,  etc.  — 
2.  From  the  Maxfeld  to  the  Rathhaus-Platz  (PI.  D,  1,  2j  and  the  Schlacht- 
hof  (to  the  S.W.  of  PI.  A,  4);  green  lamps.  —  3.  From  the  LaufeHhor 
(PI.  F,  1)  to  St.  Jobst  (p.  109) ;  yellow  lamps.  —  4.  From  the  Bahnhof-Platz 
to  iSieinbuhl  (p.  109;  to  the  S.  of  PL  C,  4).  —  5.  From  the  Bahnhof-Platz  to 
the  Hauptdepot  (New  Barracks;  to  the  N.W.  of  PI.  A,  3);  blue  lamps.  — 
6.  From  the  Plarrer  (PI.  B,3)  to  the  Lorenzer-Platz  (PI.  D,  3)  and  Dutzend- 
teich  (p.  118;  20  min.;  20  pf.). 

Post  Offices,  Bahnhof-Platz  1  (PI.  E,  4;  poste  restante).  Several  branch- 
offices.  —  Telegraph  Offices.  Bahnhof-Platz  7,  Hauptmarkt  12  (next  the 
Frauenkirche ;  PI.  D,  2),  and  at  most  of  the  post-offices. 

Theatres.  Stadt- Theater  (PI.  D,  8),  by  the  Lorenzkirche  (closed  in  sum- 
mer). —  Summer  Theatre  at  theWittelsbacher  Hof,  Pfannenschmiedsgasse22. 

—  Music  Halls.  Wolfsschlucht  (see  p.  95),  Johannesgasse  4  (closed  in  summer) ; 
Eeichshallen- Theater,  Konig-Str.  50.  —  Bands  in  the  Stadtpark  (p.  109),  on 
Tues.,  Thurs.,  and  Sun.  (afternoon  and  evening);  at  the  Rosenau  (p.  95),  etc. 

Shops.  Nuremberg  Waees:  Wahnschaffe,  Josephs -Platz  18,  carved 
wood,  etc.;  C.  Quehl,  Kaiser-Str.  5,  at  the  corner  of  the  Fleischbriicke,  etc.  — 
Imitations  of  Ancient  Woeks  of  Art,  in  terracotta  (stoves,  vases,  etc.), 
metal,  papier-mache,  and  wood  (furniture):  i''Ze?5c^?7«an«,  Hirschelgasse  28 ; 
Et/sser,  in  Peller's  house,  Aegidien-Platz  23  (p.  105).  —  Fancy  Articles  in 
wood,  in  the  Renaissance  style  (caskets,  frames,  etc.):  Schmid-Daler  &  Co.., 
Panier-Platz  9.  —  Wood  Mosaics:  Adelhard,  Flaschenhof-Str.  18.  —  Ivory 
Carving:  Behl,  Kaiser-Str.  37.  —  Fancy  Goods:  /.  G.  Kuglei%  L.  Dohler, 
Konig-Str.  —  Artistic  Glass  and  Porcelain,  etc. :  Ostermai/r,  Lorenzer- 
Platz  ;  C.  Neumarck^  Adler-Str.  33.  —  Steel  Goods  :  Leykauf^  Konig-Str.  16. 

—  Antiquities:  Pickert,  Diirer-Platz  10;  Helhing,  Karl-Str.  6;  Wohlhold, 
Augustiner-Str.  11 ;  F.  Neumann,  Trodelmarkt  31-33.  —  Booksellers  and 
Art-dealers  :  /.  L.  Schrag,  Soldan,  both  in  the  Konig-Strasse.  — Lebkuchen 
(a  kind  of  gingerbread).  Metzger,  Josepha-Platz  6,  Rathhausgasse  6,  and 
Hauptmarkt  23;  Hdberlein,  Konig-Sir.  6,  Winkler-Str.  35,  and  Ludwig-Str. 
34;  Piichler  d-  Co.,  Josephs-Platz  2  and  Bindergasse  11;  Zinn,  in  the  Frauen- 
thor,  etc.  —  All  the  shops  are  shut  on  Sundays  and  holidays, 

English  Church  Service  in  summer  at  the  Bayrischer  Hof. 
United  States  Consul,   William  J.  Black,  Esq. 
Collections  and  Objects  of  Interest. 

Albvecht  Diirer's  Home  (p.  102),  daily  8-1  and  2-6 ;  50  pf. 

^'Germanic  Museum  (p.  106),  daily  10-1  and  2-4.30  (in  winter  to  4),  1  Jl, 
4-5  pers.  '6Jl,  free  on  Sun.  (and  Wed.  in  winter). 

Indmlrial  Museum  (p.  105) :  Industrial  products,  week-days  9-12  and  2-5, 
Sun.  10-12  (closed  on  Sat.);  Collection  of  Models  and  Library,  week- 
days 8-12  and  2-6,  Sun.  10-12  (closed  on  Sat.);  adm.  free. 

Municipal  Library  (p.  102),  daily  9-12  and  3-6. 

Natural  History  Museum  (p.  106),  Sun.  10-12,  free;  other  times  50  pf. 

Panorama,  Kothenburger-Str.  (PI.  A,  3),  all  day,  \Jl;  Sun.  and  holidays  50pf. 

Permanent  Exhibition  of  the  Diirer  Association  (modern  paintings),  in  the 
building  of  the  Telegraph  Office  next  the  Frauenkirche  (PI.  7;  D,  2), 
week-days  11-3,   Sun.  and   holidays  10-2  (closed  on  Sat.) ;   adm.  80  pf. 

Permanent  Industrial  Exhibition  (p.  105),  week-days  9-12  and  2-5  (in  winter 
10-12  and  2-4),  Sun.  10-12;  free. 

Rathhaus  (p.  lOLl),  Sun.  10.30-12.30,  free;  at  other  times,  fee. 

School  of  Indtistrial  Art  (p.  lOB),  daily;  fee. 

Principal  Attractions:   St.  Lawrence  (p.  99),  Frauenkirche,   especially 

the  Portal   (p.  99),    Schone  Brunnen  (p.  100),  St.  Sebaldus  (p.  101),  Burg 

(p.  103),  Germanic  Museum  (p.  106). 

Nuremberg,  Germ.  Niirnberg  (1148  ft.),  pop.  142,500,  a  free 

city  of  the  Empire  down  to  1806,  has  since  belonged  to  Bavaria. 


G;  I  R;  m  A  N  \  S  C  H  E  S^    M  U;  S  E  U  M 


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Wagiipr  At  Dcbes ,  l.dipii  J 


ERSTER     STOCK 


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Geofir.  install  "von 


TTa^er  i.DeT)es ,  Xeipzig. 


History  of  Art.  NUREMBERG.  20.  Route.     97 

There  is  probably  no  town  in  Germany  still  so  mediaeval  in  appear- 
ance ,  or  so  suggestive  of  the  wealth ,  importance ,  and  artistic 
taste  of  a  'City  of  the  Empire'. 

Nuremberg  is  first  mentioned  in  history  in  1050.  The  establishment  of 
a  market,  the  miracles  wrought  by  the  relics  of  St.  Sebaldus,  and  the  fre- 
quent visits  of  the  emperors  rapidly  attracted  new  inhabitants,  who  at  first 
settled  between  the  castle  and  the  river.  The  city  thus  sprat  g  up  under 
the  Hohenstaufen  dynasty,  and  the  castle  was  frequently  occupied  by  Con- 
rad III.  and  Frederick  Barbarossa,  two  illustrious  members  ot  that  tamily. 
The  progre'8  of  the  city  was  greatly  promoted  by  the  high  privileges  ac- 
corded to  it  by  these  and  ottirr  emperors.  The  government  was  originally 
vested  in  the  patrician  families.  These  were  expelled  by  the  civic  guild.s 
in  1349,  but  only  to  return  and  obtain  a  firmer  grasp  of  power  the  same 
year.  The  office  of  Burggrave,  originally  a  deputy  governing  in  the 
name  of  the  emperor,  was  first  held  by  Frederick  I.  (d.  1218)  of  the  Zollern 
family  under  the  Emp.  Henry  VI.  These  governors  soon  acquired  in- 
dependent power,  and  in  1363  became  'Fiirsten',  or  princes ;  but  after, 
Frederick  VI.  was  invested  by  the  Emp.  Sigismund  with  the  Mark  of  Bran- 
denburg in  1411,  they  formally  ceded  to  the  town  (1427)  their  castle,  which 
was  situated  in  front  of  the  citadel.  The  constant  dissensions  and  bitter 
feuds  between  the  citizens  and  the  margraves  Albrecht  Achilles  (1449)  and 
Frederick  (1502)  did  not  interfere  with  the  continuous  growth  of  the  town, 
which  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century  had  become ,  like  Augs- 
burg, one  of  the  chief  depots  of  the  trade  between  Germany,  Venice,  and 
the  East.  At  this  period,  too,  it  attained  its  zenith  of  distinction  in  the 
sphere  of  art  as  well  as  of  politics. 

To  this  period  belongs  most  of  the  interesting  old  Domestic  Abchi- 
TECTCEE  which  renders  Nuremberg  so  quaint  and  picturesque.  The  general 
style  of  the  lofty  houses,  with  their  high-peaked  gables,  is  Gothic,  but  the 
ornamentation  of  the  facades  is  usually  in  the  Renaissance  style.  Specia 
care  has  also  been  bestowed  upon  the  court?  in  the  interior. 

The  zeal  with  which  the  art  of  Sculpture  was  cultivated  is  exem- 
plified by  the  numerous  interesting  signs  and  figures  of  saints,  of  the 
14-16th  cent.,  with  which  the  houses  are  embellished.  Some  of  the  finest 
are  in  the  Konig-Str.  ;  on  the  Glockengie?serhau.^ ;  at  the  corner  of  the 
Albreeht-Diirer-Platz;  opposite  the  Moritzkapelle;  in  the  Ob-tmarkt,  be- 
hind the  Frauenkirche;  at  the  corner  of  the  Weinmarkt  (.Rothes  Ross); 
in  the  Burgstrasse;  at  the  corner  of  the  Bindergasse;  and  in  the  Hirschel- 
gasse.  The  last-named  (original  now  in  Berlin),  a  statue  of  the  Virgin, 
has  often  been  ascribed  to  an  Italian  artist  on  account  of  its  beauty  and 
delicacy  of  form.  Another  similar  figure  of  Mary  at  the  foot  of  the  Cross, 
now  in  the  Germanic  3Iuseum  (p.  95),  ranks  among  the  finest  works  of  its 
time,  but  is  also  by  an  unknown  master. 

Foremost  among  the  Nuremberg  workers  in  stone  stands  Adam  Krafft 
who  flourished  here  after  1492,  and  died  at  Schwabach  in  1507.  His  prin- 
cipal works  are  the  Stations  on  the  way  to  St.  John's  Cemetery,  the  taste- 
ful tabernacle  in  St.  Lawrences,  and  the  reliefs  at  the  Frauenkirche,  St. 
Sebalduskirche,  and  Aegidienkirche.  Of  wood-carvers  the  chief  is  Veii  Stoss 
(d.  1532),  who  at  first  exercised  his  craft  atCiacow  and  is  therefore  some- 
times, though  erroneously,  described  as  a  Pole.  His  cAe/-d'ce«i;re  at  Nurem- 
berg is  in  the  church  of  St.  Lawrence  (p.  99).  Both  of  these  masters  are 
rooted  in  the  traditions  of  mediaeval  art,  and  of  conservative  tendencies.  The 
brass-founder  Peter  Vischer  (d.  1529),  on  the  other  hand,  breathes  the  spirit 
of  the  Renaissance,  and  is  endowed  with  versatile  imagination  and  a  deli- 
cate sense  of  form.  His  sons  and  Pancraz  Labenwolj\i.  1563)  also  produced 
much  meritorious  work.  Among  the  specialities  of  Nuremberg  art  in 
the  16th  cent,  were  the  casting  of  medals  and  goldsmiths'  work,  the  most 
celebrated  die-cutters  being  Ludwig  Krug  (at  the  beginning  of  the  16th  cent.), 
Peter  Flotner  (d,  1546),  aud  Hans  Lubsinger;  and  the  most  renowned  gold- 
smiths Wenzel  Jamnitzer  (1508-85),  and  his  son-in-law   Valentin  Maler, 

Painting  was  sedulously  cultivated  as  early  as  the  14th  cent.,  as  is 
proved  by  the  altar-pieces  in  the  Frauenkirche  and  Jakobskirche.     The 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  7 


98     Route  20.  NUREMBERG.  Fortifications. 

Imhofif  altar-piece  of  the  Coronation  of  the  Virgin  in  St.  Lawrence's -dates 
from  the  first  half  of  the  15th  cent.,  and  resembles  the  crude  productions 
of  the  Cologne  school.  In  the  latter  half  of  the  same  century  ^ans  Pleyden- 
wurff  and  Michael  Wohlgemui  (1434-1519)  was  the  most  prominent  of  Nurem- 
berg painters.  In  order  to  understand  the  wide-spread  fame  of  the  ISfurem- 
berg  school  we  must  keep  in  mind  that  printing  had  recently  been  invented, 
engendering  a  taste  for  illustrated  books,  engravings,  and  wood-cuts;  for 
the  importance  of  ^Nuremberg  art  lies  less  in  the  products  of  the  paint- 
brush than  in  the  humorous  and  thoughtful  creations  embodied  by  means 
of  the  burin  and  the  chisel.  The  characteristic  tendency  to  depth  of  mean-' 
ing  shows  itself  in  the  pictures  of  AlbrecM  DUrer  (1473-1528),  a  pupil  of 
Wohlgemut,  and  the  greatest  painter  whom  Nuremberg  has  produced. 
Nuremberg  itself,  however,  now  possesses  few  products  of  his  fertile 
genius*,  the  only  certified  examples  of  his  brush  in  his  native  town  are 
the  'Hercules'  (an  early  work),  portraits  of  Emp.  Charlemagne  and  Emp. 
Sigismund,  and  a  Pieta,  all  in  the  Germanic  Museum.  His  best  works  are 
to  be  seen  at  Vienna,  Munich,  and  Berlin.  None  of  Diirer's  pupils  developed 
their  activity  to  any  great  extent  in  Nuremberg  itself,  where ,  indeed, 
painting  rapidly  declined.  On  the  other  hand  the  artistic  handicrafts, 
such  as  the  engraving  of  medals  and  the  manufacture  of  artistic  cabinets, 
flourished  here  till  far  on  in  the  18th  century,  and  are  again  practised 
with  growing  success  at  the  present  day. 

The  principles  of  the  Reformation  found  favour  at  Nuremberg  as 
early  as  1525,  and  in  the  following  year  Melanchthon  founded  the  Gym- 
nasium. The  discovery  of  the  sea-route  to  India  somewhat  impaired  the 
prosperity  of  the  town ;  it  sufi'ered  still  more  severely  during  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  and  during  the  18th  cent,  its  decline  w'as  hastened  by  the 
feeble  rule  of  the  patrician  families.  Since  1806,  however,  when  Nurem- 
berg became  a  Bavarian  city,  it  has  prospered  greatly,  and  it  is  now  the 
most  important  commercial  and  manufacturing  town  in  Southern  Germany. 
Hops  form  one  of  the  most  important  staple  commodities. 

The  Fortifications,  dating  from  the  middle  ages,  form  the  most 
interesting  feature  of  the  town,  hut  have  unfortunately  been  re- 
moved at  places.  They  consist  of  a  rampart  encircling  the  inner  city, 
provided  at  intervals  with  round  and  square  towers ,  and  of  a  dry 
moat  35  yds.  wide  and  33  ft.  deep.  A  walk  round  the  walls  will 
reveal  the  variety  and  beauty  of  their  architectural  effects.  The  most 
picturesque  parts  are  between  the  Spittlerthor  and  Maxthor  (early 
morning  or  late  afternoon  best  light).  The  four  round  towers  at  the 
Neue,  Spittler,  Frauen,  andLaufer  gates  received  their  present  form 
from  Georg  linger  in  1555-68. 

T\iQ  Pegnitz  divides  the  old  town  into  two  nearly  equal  parts,  the 
Lawrence  and  the  Sebald  sides,  the  latter  being  the  older  and  more 
interesting.  It  is  crossed  by  several  Bridges.  The  single-arched 
Fleischbriicke  (PI.  D,  2),  built  in  1596-98,  is  an  imitation  of  the 
Ponte  Rialto  at  Venice.  Two  obelisks  on  the  Karlshriicke  (PI.  C,  2), 
one  with  a  dove  and  olive-branch,  the  other  with  the  imperial  eagle, 
are  memorials  of  a  visit  of  Emp.  Charles  VI.,  'the  peace-bringer', 
in  1728.  The  Suspension.  Bridge  (PL  C,  2)  was  one  of  the  first  of  its 
kind  in  Germany  (1824).  Picturesque  views  are  obtained  from  it  as 
well  as  from  theHef^ker  {i.e.  hangman's)  Foof-ftricZgre  (PI.  C,  2),  near 
which  are  a  few  relics  of  the  earlier  fortifications  of  the  13th  century. 

From  the  Railway  S'tation  (PI.  D,  E,  4)  we  enter  the  town  by 
the  Frauenthor  in  a  straig;ht  direction,  and  in  5  min.  reach  the  church 
of  St.  Lawrence ;   then  c  toss  the  Museums-P.riicke  to  the   Frauen- 


St.  Laurence.  NUREMBERG.  20.  Route.     99 

kirclie,  and  proceed  to  the  left,  past  the  Schone  Brunnen,  to  the 
Rathhaus,  St.  Sebald's,  Diirer's  statue,  Diirer's  house,  and  the  Burg. 
This  order  is  observed  in  the  following  description. 

The  Gothic  church  of  *St.  Lawrence  (PI.  D,  3  ;  Prot.),  the  finest 
in  Nuremberg,  was  erected  at  the  end  of  the  13th  and  the  beginning 
of  the  14th  cent,  on  the  site  of  a  small  Romanesque  church.  In 
1403-45  the  nave  was  widened,  and  in  1439-77  the  choir  was  rebuilt 
on  a  larger  scale  hy  Konrad  Roritzer  of  Ratisbon.  The  whole  edifice 
was  carefully  restored  in  1824  under  the  superintendence  of  Heide- 
loff.  Rich  W.  *Portal  with  numerous  sculptures  (1332);  above  it 
a  superb  rose  window,  30  ft.  in  diameter.  To  the  left  of  the  portal 
is  a  modern  Gothic  fountain  by  Wanderer.  The  N.  Tower^  with  its 
roof  of  gilded  copper,  was  burned  down  in  1865,  but  has  since  been 
re-erected  in  its  original  form.  The  sacristan,  who  lives  at  No.  7 
Lorenz-Platz,  is  generally  in  the  church  in  summer.  (Knock  loudly 
at  the  N.  door;  fee  40  pf.  ;  the  printed  description  obtained  in  the 
church  is  inaccurate.) 

Interior.  Seven  of  the  beautiful  stained-glass  "^Windows  in  the  choir 
date  from  the  15th  and  16th  cent.  ;  the  finest  are  the  6th  to  the  right 
('Volkamer  window"),  representing  the  genealogy  of  Christ  with  the  por- 
trait of  the  donor,  and  the  9th  or  'Tucher  window'.  The  four  Evangelists 
and  Apostles  (after  Diirer;  comp.  p.  162)  in  the  7th  window  are  modern, 
as  also  the  8th  ('Kaiserfenster'),  put  up  in  1831  in  memory  of  the  84th 
birthday  of  Emp.  William  I.  —  The  finest  work  of  art  in  the  church  is  the 
"CiBORiDM,  or  receptacle  for  the  host,  in  the  choir,  beautifully  and  elab- 
orately executed  in  stone,  in  the  form  of  a  tower,  65  ft.  in  height,  and 
enriched  with  many  sculptures  of  scenes  from  the  life  of  Christ.  The  apex 
of  the  tower  is  bent  like  a  bishop's  crozier.  It  rests  upon  the  three  kneel- 
ing -Figures  of  the  sculptor  Adam  Krafft  and  his  two  assistants,  who  were 
engaged  in  the  work  from  1493  to  1500.  In  front  of  the  altar,  suspended 
from  the  roof,  is  a  curious  "Work  in  carved  wood  with  numerous  figures,  by 
Veil  Stoss,  representing  the  Salutation.  The  Gothic  brass  candelabrum  in 
the  choir  is  also  noteworthy.  Handsome  modern  pulpit  and  high-altar  bj' 
Heideloff  and  Rotermundi  (1839).  The  Krell  Altar  (end  of  the  15th  century), 
behind  the  high-altar,  bears  the  earliest  known  representation  of  the  town. 
The  varioxis  carved  wooden  altars  and  altar-pieces  of  the  15th  cent,  in 
the  aisles  repay  inspection;  especially  the  Imhoff  Altar  (ca.  1420)  on  the 
gallery  over  the  N.  entrance. 

The  Tugendbrunnen,  a  fountain  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  church, 
with  numerous  figures  in  bronze,  was  executed  in  1589  by  Benedikt 
Wurzelbauer  (covered  in  winter).  To  the  left  of  it,  at  the  corner 
of  the  Karolinen-Str.,  is  the  so-called  Nassauer  Haus,  erected  in 
the  Gothic  style  in  the  14th  cent,  (wine -room,  see  p.  95).  —  In 
the  adjoining  A dler-Strasse  rises  the  Warriors^  Monument,  by  Wan- 
derer and  Rossner,  a  granite  column  surmounted  by  a  figure  of 
Victory  (1876).  —  On  the  Pegnitz  is  the  Museum  (PI.  4;  a  club; 
adm.  only  on  the  introduction  of  a  member). 

The  Gothic  *Frauenkirche  or  Marienkirche  (PI.  D,  2;  Rom. 
Cath.  since  1816),  in  the  market-place,  was  erected  in  1356-61  on 
the  site  of  a  synagogue  destroyed  in  1349  during  the  persecutions 
of  the  Jews.  The  church  was  restored  in  1878-81  by  Essenicein. 
Fine  facade.   Over  the  portal  of  the  W,  *Portico,  with  its  rich  sculptur- 

7* 


100   Route  20.  NUREMBERG.  Rathhaus. 

ing,  is  a  curious  old  clock,  known  as  the  'Mannleinlaufen',  constructed 
in  1506-9  by  G.  Heuss  and  Seb.  Lindenast,  with  moving  figures  of 
the  seven  German  electors  (best  seen  at  noon).  The  N.  aisle  (open 
7-10  a.m.;  sacristan,  Vordere  Spitalhof  9}  contains  an  *Epita- 
phium  of  the  Pergenstorfer  family  of  1498,  by  A.  Krafft,  with  a 
relief  of  the  Madonna  as  Mother  of  Mercy.  Adjacent  is  theTucher- 
sche  Altar,  with  a  winged  picture  on  a  gold  ground,  one  of  the  finest 
works  of  the  Nuremberg  school  in  the  first  half  of  the  15th  century. 
Old  stained  glass  in  the  choir,  with  the  armorial  bearings  of  many 
Nuremberg  families. 

In  the  Gansemarkt,  behind  the  Frauenkirche,  is  a  quaint  foun- 
tain-figure in  bronze,  by  Pancraz  Labenwolf ,  called  the  *Gdnse~ 
mdnnchen  ('little  goose-man';  PI.  2),  a  peasant  carrying  a  goose 
under  each  arm. 

The  *Scli6ne  Brunnen  (P1.D,2),  opposite  the  Frauenkirche, 
erected  in  1385-96,  hy  Meister  Heinrich,  the  'Balier\  and  restored 
in  1821-24,  is  a  Gothic  pyramid  63  ft.  in  height,  adorned  with  nu- 
merous figures  (originally  painted).  The  *Statues  below  represent 
seven  electors  and  the  nine  worthies  (viz.  Charlemagne,  Godfrey 
de  Bouillon,  Clovis,  the  Christian  worthies ;  Judas  Maccabaeus,  Joshua, 
David,  the  Jewish  worthies;  Caesar,  Alexander,  Hector,  the  pagan 
worthies);  those  above,  xMoses  and  the  seven  prophets.  In  the  iron 
railing  of  the  fountain,  on  the  N.W.  side,  is  a  small  movable  iron 
ring,  ingeniously  wrought,  which  the  travelling  apprentices  regard 
as  the  cognisance  of  the  city.  —  No.  19,  Hauptmarkt  (PI.  D,  2; 
tablet) ,  opposite  the  Schone  Brunnen,  was  the  residence  of  the 
celebrated  humanist  Pirkheimer  (born  at  Eichsfatt  in  1470 ;  died 
at  Nuremberg  in  1530).  No.  15,  adjacent,  adorned  with  frescoes 
designed  by  Wanderer  (1886),  is  the  house  in  which  Martin  Behaim, 
the  cosmographer  (1459-1507),  was  born.  Until  the  introduction  of 
the  Reformation  the  crown-jewels  were  exhibited  annually  in  front 
of  this  house  (comp.  p.  107). 

The  Rathhaus  (PI.  D,  1,  2;  adm.,  see  p.  96 ;  entrance  opposite 
the  guard -house;  bell  for  the  custodian  on  the  first  floor  to  the 
right),  290  ft.  in  length,  was  erected  by  Jakob  Wolf  in  1616-22  in 
the  Italian  Renaissance  style,  incorporating  an  earlier  building  of 
the  14- 15th  centuries.  The  late -Gothic  part  of  the  building  at 
the  back,  with  a  fine  facade  towards  the  Theresien-Str.  and  an 
interesting  court,  was  added  by  Essenwein  in  1885-89. 

The  great  hall,  with  its  timber  roof,  belongs  to  the  older  part  of  the 
building,  erected  in  1S40,  and  is  adorned  with  badly -preserved  frescoes 
designed  by  Durer.,  representing  the  triumphal  procession  of  the  Emp.  Max- 
imilian, Town  Musicians,  and  Calumny  (after  Apelles);  it  also  contains 
stained  glass  by  Veit  Birschvogel,  etc.  On  the  central  buttress  is  a  mural 
painting,  executed  in  1613  (restored  in  1824),  representing  an  execution  by 
the  guillotine,  proving  that  this  instrument  is  not  a  modern  invention. 
—  On  the  wall  of  the  staircase  to  the  second  floor  is  a  large  painting  by 
Paul  Ritter  (1883) :  The  representatives  of  Nuremberg  entering  the  town 
in  triumphal  procession  with  the  imperial  regalia  in  1424.  —  The  ceiling  of 
the   long   corridor   in   the  second  lloor   is  adorned  with  a  relief  in  stucco 


St.  Sebaldus.  NUREMBERG.  20.  Route.    101 

representing  a  tournament  held  at  Nuremberg  in  1446,  executed  by  Hunt 
and  Ileinrich  Kuhn  in  1621  (restored  in  1891).  On  the  3rd  floor  is  the 
Municipal  Picture  Gallery  (chiefly  modern  paintings).  Room  I.  /aj^er,  Emp. 
Maximilian  I.  visiting  A.  Diirer  in  1518;  Sc/iuch,  Funeral  of  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus;  Ans.  Feuerbach^  Battle  of  Amazons;  Bauer,  Body  of  Emp.  Otho  III. 
being  brought  across  the  Alps.  —  R.  II.  Joachim  von  Sandravt,  Banquet  in 
the  Rathhaus  in  1649;  Maai\  The  Schone  Brunnen,  1424;  Mayer,  Interior 
of  St.  Sebald's,  —  R.  III.  Kreling,  Magdeburgers  be.sieged  by  Tilly  receiv- 
ing the  Sacrament;  also  portraits  of  distinguished  Nurembergers. 

The  tasteful  Fountain  in  the  old  court  is  by  PancrazLabenwolf, 
1557.  The  gallery  in  the  S.E.  corner  of  the  court,  resting  upon 
curious  carved  brackets,  and  with  Gothic  balustrades,  is  by  Hans 
Behaim  (1425).  Under  the  Rathhaus  are  subterranean  passages, 
partly  fallen  in,  leading  from  the  old  dungeons  to  the  deep  well  at 
the  Burg  (p.  103)  and  in  other  directions;  these  may  be  inspected 
by  the  curious. 

The  church  of*St.  Sebaldus  [PL  D,  2;Prot.),  originally  a  Roman- 
esque structure  of  the  11th  cent.,  restored  in  the  Transition  style  at 
the  beginning  of  the  13th  cent.,  was  converted  into  a  Gothic  church 
in  1361-77.  The  W.  choir  with  the  Loffelholz  Chapel,  the  lower 
part  of  the  towers  (completed  in  the  15th  cent.],  and  the  nave,  date 
from  the  13th  cent,  while  the  present  E.  choir  in  the  pure  Gothic 
style  was  added  during  the  later  alterations.  The  church  is  now 
"undergoing  restoration  under  the  direction  of  Hauherrisser.  The 
sacristan  (Burg-Str.  6)  is  generally  in  the  church ;  visitors  knock 
at  theN.  side-door;  donations  go  to  the  building  fund.  The  printed 
description  obtained  at  the  church  is  worthless. 

Exterior.  The  visitor  should  inspect  the  N.  Portal,  or  '^Bride's  Door"; 
the  reliefs  on  the  buttresses  of  the  E.  choir,  representing  the  Passion;  the 
'Schreyer  Monument'  (opposite  the  Rathhaus),  with  numerous  lifesize  figures 
in  stone,  representing  the  Bearing  of  the  Cross,  the  Entombment,  and  the 
Resurrection,  executed  in  1492  by  Adam  Krafft,  and  the  richest  and  most 
important  of  his  works;  the  Last  Judgment  over  the  S.  entrance. 

Interior.  In  the  E.  ambulatory,  to  the  right,  three  reliefs  by  Veit 
Stoss  (1449):  Last  Supper,  Christ  on  the  Mt.  of  Olives,  and  the  Kiss 
of  Judas.  Above  these,  the 'Markgrafenfenster'',  a  fine  stained-glass  window 
executed  by  Veil  Hirschvogel  in  1515,  representing  the  Margrave  Frederick 
of  Ansbach  and  Bayreuth,  with  his  wife  and  eight  children ;  to  the  left, 
a  triple  fresco  (Christ  washing  the  Disciples'  feet,  Last  Supper,  Christ  on 
the  Mt.  of  Olives),  and  a  winged  picture  on  the  Tucher'sche  altar,  painted 
in  1513  by  Hans  von  Kulmbach,  from  drawings  by  Diirer,  probably  the 
master's  finest  work.  *Crucifix  and  wooden  figures  of  the  Virgin  and 
St.  John,  over  the  high -altar,  the  latest  work  of  Veil  Stoss.  High -altar 
in  wood  (1821)  by  Roteiinundt  and  Heideloff.  —  ""'St.  Sebald's  Monument 
(eight  tons  in  weight,  for  which  the  trustees  of  the  church  paid  3145  flor- 
ins), the  masterpiece  of  Peter  Vischer,  the  celebrated  artist  in  bronze,  was 
completed  by  him  with  the  aid  of  his  five  sons  in  1519,  after  thirteen  years' 
labour.  The  twelve  Apostles  in  niches  around  the  sarcophagus  containing 
the  relics  of  the  saint  are  admirable ;  above  are  twelve  smaller  figures 
of  church-fathers  and  prophets;  below,  about  seventy  allegorical  figures  of 
genii,  mermaids,  animals,  etc.  The  miracles  performed  by  the  saint  are 
pourtrayed  in  four  beautiful  reliefs  below  the  sarcophagus.  In  the  niche 
at  the  W.  end  is  St.  Sebaldus,  and  in  the  E.  niche  is  the  artist  himself 
with  apron  and  chisel,  a  beautiful  statuette.  Near  the  fine  modern  wooden 
pulpit  (by  Rolermundt;  1859)  is  a  copy  of  the  Pieta  by  Durer  now  in  the 
Germanic  Museum.  The  Loffelholz  Chapel,  W.  choir,  contains  a  Gothic  font 
in  bronze,  of  the  beginning,  and  an  altar  of  the  middle,  of  the  15th  century. 


102   Route  20,  NUREMBERG.  Town  Library. 

The  Parsonage  of  St.  Sebald,  on  tlie  N.  side,  with  its  line  Gothic 
*Oriel  -  window  ('Chorleiu'),  dating  from  1318,  was  once  occupied 
by  Melchior  Pflnzing  (d.  1535),  provost  of  St.  Sebald,  and  author  of 
the  'Teuerdank',  an  allegorical  narrative  of  the  wooing  of  Mary  of 
Burgundy  by  Emp.  Maximilian  I. 

Opposite  St.  Sebald's,  on  the  N.,  is  the  Gothic  Chapel  of  St.  Moritz 
(PL  I),  1),  transferred  hither  from  the  Hauptmarkt  in  1313,  and 
restored  in  1829.  Adjoining  is  the  Bratwurst  -  Glocklein  (p.  95), 
mentioned  as  early  as  1519.  At  No.  6  Halbwachsengasse,  behind, 
is  the  Rotermundt  Collection  of  antiquities,  casts  of  ancient  Nurem- 
berg sculptures,  etc. 

To  the  S.W.  of  St.  Sebald's,  Winkler-Str.  29,  is  Palm's  House 
(PI.  5 ;  C,  D,  2) ,  with  the  inscription  :  'Here  dwelt  John  Palm, 
bookseller,  who  fell  a  victim  to  the  tyranny  of  Napoleon  in  1806'. 
The  patriotic  Palm  had  published  a  pamphlet  on  the  'Degradation 
of  Germany',  written  in  a  tone  derogatory  to  France,  for  which  the 
Emperor  caused  him  to  be  condemned  by  a  court-martial  and  shot 
(p.  234).  —  At  the  corner  of  the  adjacent  Augustiner-Strasse,  on 
the  site  of  an  Augustinian  monastery,  stand  the  Courts  of  Law 
(PL  3;  C,  D,  2),  erected  by  Solger  in  1877.  In  the  hall  are  marble 
busts  of  the  jurists  Anselm  von  Feuerbach  and  Rud.  von  Holz- 
schuher ;  the  court  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  contains  a  large 
painting  by  A.  Feuerbach:  Emp.  Lewis  the  Bavarian  conferring 
privileges  on  the  merchants  of  Nuremberg. 

Opposite  Palm's  house,  over  the  gateway  of  the  Stadtwage^  is  a 
good  relief  by  Krofft  (1497).  Near  this  (Winkler-Strasse  20)  is  the 
house  in  which  DUrer  was  born,  with  inscription. 

*Diirer's  Statue  (PL  D,  1),  erected  in  1840  on  the  Albrecht- 
Diirer-Platz,  was  designed  by  the  eminent  Ranch,  after  Diirer^s 
portrait  of  himself  at  Vienna.  Some  hundred  paces  to  the  N.W., 
No.  39  Albrecht-Diirer-Strasse,  near  the  Thiergartner-Thor,  is  DU- 
rer s  House  (PL  1 ;  C,  1),  the  property  of  the  city,  and  marked  by  a 
medallion.  It  contains  a  collection  of  antique  furniture  and  uten- 
sils, and  also  copies  of  Diirer's  paintings.    Adm.,  see  p.  96. 

We  return  to  theRathhaus  (p.  100).  Opposite,  on  the  right  side 
of  the  Burgstrasse,  is  the  old  Dominican  monastery,  containing  the 
Municipal  Archives  on  the  groundfloor.  The  upper  floor  contains 
the  Town  Library  (PI.  D,  1 ;  adm.,  see  p.  96),  of  70,000  vols,  and 
2000 MSS.,  including  a  missal  with  fine  miniatures  by  the  brothers 
Glockendon,  miniature-painters  of  Nuremberg ;  also  early  specimens 
of  typography,  e.g.  the  Rationale  of  Durandus  (1459),  one  of  the 
first  books  printed  by  Gutenberg ;  autographs  of  Luther,  Melanch- 
thon,  Ulrich  von  Hutten,  Hans  Sachs,  etc. ;  and  various  curiosities. 

The  Burg-Strasse  ascends  the  Burg  Hill  (1164  ft.;  PL  C,  D,  1) 
to  the  N.,  a  sandstone  ro -k  on  the  N.W,  side  of  the  town.  At  the 
top  the  route  forks;  the  left  branch  leads  by  the  'Himmelsweg'  direct 
to  the  Kalserburg  (p.  103);   that  to  the  right  leads  past  a  Mt.  of 


Kumrhurg.  NUREMBERG.  W.  Route.    103 

Olives  (1499)  to  the  N.  Freiung  and  the  Pentagonal  Touer  ('Alt- 
Niiniberg'),  the  oldest  building  in  the  town. 

This  tower  and  the  Walpuvgis  or  St.  Ottmar''s  Chapel  frestored  in 
1892),  situated  opposite,  are  relics  of  the  old  Burg  of  the  Hohenzollern 
burggraves,  destroyed  in  the  war  of  1420.  The  tower  (adm.  20  pf.)  contains 
a  torture-chamber 'with  the  'Iron  Virgin',  a  hollow  figure  with  iron  spikes 
in  the  interior,  into  which  the  victim  was  thrust,  and  a  collection  of 
antiquities.  —  Next  this  tower,  on  the  right,  is  the  old  Granary  (now  a 
barrack),  built  by  Hans  Behaim  the  Elder  in  1494-96  and  named  ^Kaiter- 
stalhing''  ('imperial  stables').  To  the  E.  of  this  lies  the  Luginsland,  with 
turrets  at  its  four  corners  said  to  have  been  built  by  the  townsfolk  in  1367 
in  order  to  watch  the  Hohenzollem-Burg.  . —  We  return  to  the  N.  Freiung 
or  Landfreinng,  commanding  a  view  of  the  wide  moat  and  the  N.  suburbs. 
On  the  parapet  are  shown  two  hoof-shaped  impressions,  which  are  said  to 
have  been  left  by  the  horse  of  a  captive  robber-knight  (Eppelein  von 
Gailingen)  in  the  16th  cent. ,  who  escaped  by  leaping  over  the  moat. 
Tbis  incident  gave  rise  to  a  sarcastic  proverb:  "The  Nurembergei-s  hang  no 
man,  unless  they  have  caught  him'.  —  We  then  pass  through  a  gate  to 
the  S.W.  to  the  S.  Stadlfreiung,  with  a  view  of  the  city  and  of  the  'Nu- 
remberg Switzerland".  Another  gateway  brings  us  to  the  Vestnertfior-  Tfturm 
(view  from  the  top ;  10  pf.),  and  farther  on  is  the  Deep  Well,  the  depth  of 
which  is  shown  by  lowering  candles  into  it,  or  by  reflecting  the  daylight 
upon  the  surface  of  the  water  by  means  of  a  mirror  (10  pf.).  —  Straight 
(.m  is  the  — 

*Kaiserburg,  founded  in  the  11th  cent,  and  enlarged  by  Frederick 
Barbarossa  in  the  12th.  It  was  restored  in  the  Gothic  style  and 
fitted  up  as  a  royal  residence  in  1854  -  56 ,  and  since  1866  has 
belonged  in  common  to  the  Bavarian  and  Prussian  royal  families 
(ring  at  the  gate ;  fee  7-2-1  J/). 

The  venerable  Lime  Tree  in  the  court,  said  to  have  been  planted  by  the 
Empress  Kunigunde,  wife  of  Emp.  Henry  II.  (1002-24),  died  in  i89c3.  A 
niche  in  the  wall  contains  a  statue  of  the  Saxon  ambassador  Olansdorf, 
who  died  at  Nuremberg  during  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  The  Heidenihurm, 
by  the  castle-gate,  contains  two  Romanesque  chapels  of  the  12th  cent.,  one 
above  the  other :  the  lower,  St.  Margaret's  Chapel,  is  built  over  the  burial- 
vault  of  the  Burggraves ;  the  upper,  the  Kaiser  -  Capelle ,  with  groined 
vaulting  resting  on  slender  marble  columns  with  Romanesque  capitals, 
and  pictures  by  Wohlgemut,  Krafft,  and  Holbein  the  Elder,  was  used  for 
divine  service.  In  the  Audience  Chamber,  next  the  Kaiser- Capelle,  are 
several  pictures,  chiefly  copies  of  later  Italian  works.  Handsome  old  stoves 
and  panelled  ceilings  in  this  and  other  rooms.  3Iost  of  the  rooms  and 
particularly  the  new  balcony  on  the  W.  side  of  the  castle  aflford  splendid 
views  of  the  city  and  environs.  —  The  castle-enclosure  (.now  a  royal 
garden),  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  castle  hill,  is  open  to  the  public. 


On  the  S.W.  side  of  the  castle  is  the  Thiergdrtner  Thor  (PI.  C,  1), 
with  its  square  tower,  beyond  which,  in  the  Burgschmiet-Str.,  is  the 
Bronze  Foundry  of  Prof.  Lenz,  -with  a  collection  of  models  (formerly 
Burgschmiet;  PI.  C,  1).  The  road  leads  on  past  the -Sfafion^,  consist- 
ing of  seven  sandstone  pillars  with  reliefs  of  the  Passion,  and  the 
Kalvarienherg,  all  by  Kraffi  (now  mostly  replaced  by  copies ;  originals 
in  the  Germanic  Museum). 

The  Holzschuher  Chapel  in  St.  John's  Cemetery  (PI.  A,  1)  contains  a 
good  Entombment  with  fifteen  lifesize  figures  by  A.  Krafft  (1507)  and  an 
altar  by  Veit  Slcs^.  The  Gothic  Church  of  St.  John  (14th  cent.)  has  an 
altar-piece  by  Altdorfer.  —  The  graves  in  the  old  part  of  the  cemetery  are 
nearly  all  adorned  with  good  brass-plafes.  In  the  8tb  row  to  the  S.  of 
the  conspicuous  Miint/er  tomb  (I56O5    23  ft.  in  height)   i.s  the  grave  of  Al- 


^04   Route  20.  NUREMBERG.  St.  Jakob  shir  che. 

hrecht  Diirer  (d.  1528:  No.  649),  close  to  which  is  that  of  Wemel  Jamnitzer 
(d.  15S5',  Xo.  665).  with  a  fine  epitaph  bv  Jost  Amman.  Farther  to  the 
W.  lie  Veil  Stoss  (d.  1533;  Xo.  268)  and  the  poet  Gruhel  (p.  105:  Xo.  200). 
A  few  rows  farther  on,  near  St.  John's  church,  is  the  grave  of  Pawn' 
gartner  (d.  1679)  and  a  few  rows  still  farther,  that  of  Sandrart  the  painter 
(d.  16S8).  Pirkheimer's  tomb  (No.  1414)  is  nearer  the  entrance,  in  the  6th 
row  to  the  right  of  the  Holzschuher  chapel.  The  wife  of  the  chief  sexton 
(house  to  the  right  of  St.  John's)  affords  all  information  (50  pf.). 

The  new  Central  Cemetery^  also  in  the  Johannis  Suburb,  to  the  N.W., 
has  a  fine  portal  by  Hase  (1879). 

On  the  way  back  to  the  town  a  visit  may  be  paid  to  the  Gothic 
Heiligkreuz  Capelle  [PI.  B,  1 ;  entrance  Johannis- Str.  24;  fee  30  pf.), 
bnilt  in  1390,  which  contains  a  fine  altar  in  carved  wood,  with  an 
architectural  top  and  double  wings  painted  by  Wohlgemut. 

"We  now  proceed  past  the  Neuthor  and  Eallerthor  to  the  Spittler- 
ihor  (PI.  B,  3;  comp.  p.  98).  In  this  neighbourhood  is  the  Ludwig 
Station  (PI.  A,  B,  3 ;  for  Fiirth^  see  p.  70),  in  front  of  which,  on  the 
Plarrer,  a  Monumental  Fountain  was  erected  in  1890  in  memory  of 
the  opening  of  this,  the  first  railway  in  Germany  (p.  70).  —  In  the 
Rothenburger-Str,,  which  diverges  to  the  S.W.  from  the  Plarrer,  are 
the  Panorama  (p.  96),  and  the  Cemetery  of  St.  Rochus  (PI.  A,  3), 
with  the  grave  of  the  celebrated  Peter  Viseher  (d.  1529;  No.  90, 
ninth  stone  on  the  right).  The  Imhof  Chapel  (1519)  contains  an  in- 
teresting altar  and  stained-glass  windows  by  Eirschvogel.  At  the 
end  of  the  street  is  the  Harbour  of  the  Ludwigs-Canal  (p.  76), 
370  yds.  long. 

The  broad  Ludwigs-Str.  leads  from  the  Spittler  Thor  to  the  St. 
Jakobskirche  (PI,  B,  C,  3),  founded  in  1209,  restored  in  the  14- 
15th  cent.,  rebuilt  in  1692,  and  restored  by  Heideloff  in  1824. 

It  contains  a  Gothic  high-altar  with  winged  paintings  (14th  cent.)  and 
four  figures  of  Apostles  (six  others  of  the  series  being  now  in  the 
Germanic  Museum).  On  the  N.  and  E.  sides  of  the  choir  and  in  the 
windows  are  the  armorial  bearings  of  Teutonic  Knights.  Many  fine  sculp- 
tures in  wood  and  stone.  At  the  E.  end  of  the  X.  aisle  is  a'  triptych  by 
Veit  Stoss.  restored  by  Burgschmiet.  Stained-glass  windows  with  the  arms 
of  Xuremberg  families.  Escutcheons  of  Teutonic  Knights.  The  Dillherr 
Chapel  contains  a  Lamentation  for  Christ  by   Veit  Stoss. 

Opposite  are  the  old  Deutsche  Ham ,  or  Teutonic  Lodge,  now 
an  infantry-barrack,  and  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  St.  Elizabeth, 
built  in  1785  as  the  Deutschhaus-Kirche,  in  the  Italian  baroque 
style,  with  a  massive  dome.  —  The  Jakob-Str.  leads  to  the  E.  from 
the  Jakobs-Platz  to  the  Germanic  Museum  (p.  106).  To  the  N.E. 
we  may  pass  through  the  Weisse  Thurm  ('white  tower"),  a  relic  of 
the  13th  cent,  fortifications,  and  thence  cross  the  Hafner-Platz  and 
follow  the  Karolinen-Str.  to  the  church  of  St.  Lawrence  (p.  99). 


From  St.  Lawrence's  the  Lorenz-Strasse  leads  to  the  E.  to  the 
Marienthor  and  theMarien  suburb.  To  the  right  is  the  Stadt- Theater 
(PI.  D,  31.  In  the  Peter-Vischer-Gasse,  nearly  opposite,  are  Peter 
Vischer's  House  (PI.  10;  No.  23)  and  the  Gothic  Church  of  St.  Ca- 
tharine (PI.  E,  2),  long  used  by  the  Meistersingers  as  their  school. 


St.  ^gidius.  NUREMBERG.  20.  Route.    1  05 

In  the  Nonnengarten,  the  garden  of  the  former  Convent  of  St.  Ca- 
tharine, rises  the  — 

Bavarian  Industrial  Museum  (PI.  E,  2,  3),  a  handsome  build- 
ing erected  in  1893-95  for  the  collections  hitherto  exhibited  at 
Konig-Str.  3  (adm.,  see  p.  96).  The  museum,  founded  in  1872. 
is  to  be  transferred  to  its  new  quarters  in  1896.  —  Adjoining,  at 
No.  8  Marienthorgraben.  is  the  Permanent  Industrial  and  Commercial 
Exhibition  (PI.  E,  2;  adm.,  see  p.  96). 

To  the  N.W.,  beyond  the  island  of  Schiitt,  is  the  Spital-Platz 
(PI.  D,  2),  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  bronze  Statue  of  Hans  Sachs, 
by  Krauser  (1874).  Sachs's  House,  in  which  the  poet  was  born  in 
1494,  is  in  the  adjacent  Hans-Sachs-Gasse  (PI.  9;  No.  17;  tablet). 
—  On  the  E.  side  of  the  square  is  the  new  Synagogue  (PI.  D,  2), 
built  in  1869-74  in  the  Moorish  style,  by  Wolf.  The  Heiligegeist- 
Spital  (PI.  D,  2),  on  the  S.  side,  was  founded  by  Conrad  Gross  in 
1331 ;  in  the  court  are  the  old  Heinzel  Fountain  and  a  small  chapel 
built  in  1459  on  the  model  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  The  Gothic 
Spital-Kirche  ox  Heiligeyeist-Kirche,  built  in  1331-41  and  modernized 
in  the  17th  cent.,  was  from  1424  to  1796  the  depository  of  the  im- 
perial regalia  (now  in  Vienna;  casket  in  the  Germanic  Museum, 
p.  107). 

Not  far  off,  at  the  corner  of  the  Tucher-Str.  and  the  Neue  Gasse 
(Pl.E,  2),  is  a  tasteful  fountain  with  a  bronze  figure  (by  Wanderer) 
of  Konrad  Griibel  (1736-1809),  a  popular  poet  of  Nuremberg  ;  the 
charming  bronze  reliefs  on  the  pedestal  refer  to  Griibel's  poems.  — 
The  Rothschmiedsgasse  and  Judengasse  lead  hence  to  the  N.W.  to 
the  Thcresien-Platz  (PI.  D,  1,  2),  with  a  monument  to  the  navigator 
Martin  Behaim(ip.  100),  by  Rossner  (1890).  —  The  Bindergasse  (fine 
Madonna  by  Adam  Krafft  on  No.  1,  to  the  right)  and  the  Theresien- 
Strasse  run  to  the  W.  to  the  Rathhaus  (p.  100).  In  the  Theresien- 
Strasse  are  Paumgdrtner's  House  (No.  23),  with  a  relief  of  St.  George 
and  the  dragon  above  the  door,  by  Krafft;  then,  at  the  corner  of  the 
Tetzelgasse,  the  Post  and  Telegraph  Office  (1894)  of  the  Sebaldus 
quarter;  and  KraffVs  House  (No.  7;  on  the  right),  with  a  flue  court. 

To  the  N.E.,  above  the  Theresien-Platz,  is  the  /Egidien-Platz 
(PI.  D,  E,  1),  on  the  N.  side  of  which  rises  Peller's,  now  Eysser's, 
House  (No.  23 ;  PI.  6),  with  its  rich  Renaissance  facade  (1605)  and 
fine  court  in  the  interior.  It  contains  a  magnificent  old  timber  ceil- 
ing, and  has  been  handsomely  and  tastefully  fitted  up  and  furn- 
ished by  the  owner,  a  furniture-manufacturer  of  Bayreuth  (fee).  To 
the  right,  in  front  of  the  Oymnasium,  is  a  statue  of  Melanchthon 
by  Burgschmiet.  No.  13  Agidien-Platz  (tablet)  was  the  house  of  the 
famous  printer  Anton  Koberger  (1470-1513). 

St.  .Egidius  (PL  E,  1 ;  key  at  the  gymnasium),  originally  a  Ro- 
manesque basilica,  erected  in  1140,  and  burned  down  in  1696,  was 
rebuilt  in  1711-18  in  the  degraded  style  of  that  period.  It  contains 
a  Pietk  by  VanDyck,  and  at  the  back  of  the  altar  two  reliefs  in  bronze 


106   Route  20.  NUREMBERG.        Germanic  Museum. 

by  the  sons  of  P.  Vischer.  Adjacent  is  the  Romanesque  Eucharius 
Chapel  (end  of  the  12th  cent.),  with  two  altars  by  Veit  Stoss.  In  the 
Gothic  Tetzel-Kapelle  (1345)  a  Coronation  of  tlie  Virgin  in  stone, 
by  A.  Krafft. 

To  the  E.,  in  the  old  Landauer  Kloster,  is  the  Royal  School  of 
Industrial  Art  (PI.  E,  1;  adm.,  see  p.  96),  which,  however,  is  to 
be  transferred  in  1896  to  a  new  building  in  the  Reindel-Strasse 
(PI.  F,  3).  The  fine  vaulting  of  the  Chapel  is  borne  by  two  spiral 
columns  (1507).  For  this  chapel,  in  1511,  Diirer  painted  his  cele- 
brated All  Saints  altar-piece,  now  at  Vienna. 

We  next  cross  the  Weber-Platz  with  the  Sieben  Zeilen,  i.e.  seven 
rows  of  weavers'  houses,  to  the  Hirschelgasse  (PI.  E,  1),  where  the 
Tucher'sche  Landhaus  (No.  11 ;  1533-44)  and  RupprechV s  House 
(1534)  are  worth  seeing.  The  latter  contains  a  beautiful  early-Ital. 
Renaissance  hall  (called  'Hirschvogelsaal'  after  its  builder),  of  1534, 
recently  well  restored.  The  figure  of  the  Virgin  on  the  outside  is  a 
cast  of  the  original,  now  in  Berlin  (comp.  p.  97). 

Retracing  our  steps,  we  cross  the  Weber-Platz  to  the  Max-Thor, 
whence  the  Lange  Gasse  to  the  right  leads  to  the  Laufer  Thor.  — 
To  the  left  is  the  Paniers-Platz,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  which  is  Top- 
lers,  now  Petersen's,  House  (PI.  8;  D,  1),  built  in  1590. 

Near  this,  in  the  house  'Zur  Blume',  Schildgasse  12,  is  the 
Natural  History  Museum,  containing  zoological,  botanical,  ethno- 
graphical, and  anthropological  collections  (adm.,  see  p.  96).  At 
No.  23,  opposite,  the  House  uith  the  Golden  Shield,  decorated  with 
mural  paintings  in  1888,  the  first  twenty-three  articles  of  Charles  IV.'s 
Golden  Bull  were  composed  in  1356,  pro\iding  amongst  other  points, 
that  every  German  emperor  should  hold  his  first  diet  in  Nuremberg. 


The  *Germanic  National  Museum  (PL  C,  D,  3 ;  entrance,  Kar- 
thausergasse  7),  an  institution  for  the  illustration  of  German  histor- 
ical research,  founded  in  1852,  is  established  in  a  suppressed  Car- 
thusian Monastery,  a  Gothic  building  of  the  14th  cent.,  with  a  fine 
church  and  extensiAe  cloisters.  The  museum  was  enlarged  in 
1873-75  by  the  addition  of  the  Augustine  monastery  (founded  about 
1450),  formerly  occupying  the  site  of  the  Law  Courts  (p.  102),  but 
removed  thence  and  re-erected  here.  Since  1866,  owing  to  the 
energy  of  the  late  director  Dr.  von  Essenwein  (d.  1892)  and  the  mu- 
nificence of  private  donors,  the  museum  has  become  one  of  the  finest 
in  Germany.  The  objects  of  general  interest  are  exhibited  in  83 
rooms  (some  badly  lighted),  while  others  are  reserved  for  the  use  of 
artists  and  students.  Admission,  see  p.  96.  Catalogue  at  the  en- 
trance, 50  pf. ;  the  numbers  correspond  with  the  red  numbers  on 
the  exhibits.  (See  plans,  pp.  96,  97.)  Simple  refreshments  in 
R.  XLU,  on  the  groundfloor. 

The  long  Cloister  Wing  /X,  which  we  enter  first,  contains  casts  of 
Roman  tombstones  of  the  l-4th  cent,  and  of  mediaeval  monuments  down 
to  the  1-ith  century. 


Germanic  }fuseum.      NUREMBERG.  20.  Route.    107 

To  the  left.  Room  I.  Prehistoric  autiquities,  objects  from  lake-dwellings, 
stone  articles,  funereal  urns.  —  R.  II.  Prehistoric  bronze  antiquities,  iron 
weapons  and  tools,  etc.  —  ///,  IV.  Roman  antiquities;  beams  from  the 
Roman  bridge  at  Mainz.  —  V-VII.  Germanic  antiquities  of  the  4 -9th 
centuries:  ornaments,  weapons,  coffins,  etc.;  No.  264  (in  R.  V),  Greek 
epitaph  of  a  Germanic  Christian  of  Constantinople  (3rd  or  4th  cent.); 
No.  258  (in  R.  VII j,  Copy  of  the  'Treasure  of  Athanarich',  King  of  the 
"Visigoths  (d.  381),  found  at  Petreosa  in  Roumania  (original  at  Bucharest). 

—  VIII.  Recent  acciuisitions.  —  X-XIII.  Stoves  and  stove-tilea.  — 
X/F,  XV.  Locksmith's  work.  —  XVI  (corner-room),  called  the  '  TKi'Me/wis- 
halle\  from  a  window  presented  by  Emp.  William  I.  (when  King  of  Prussia) 
in  1861,  representing  the  foundation  of  the  Carthusian  monastery  in  1381 
by  Burggrave  Frederick  of  Nuremberg,  executed  at  Berlin  from  designs 
by  Kreling.    Original  model  of  Luther's  monument  at  Worms,  by  RietscheL 

—  Opposite,  at  the  angle  of  the  cloisters,  is  the  '■  Hohinzolkrnhalle'  (PI.  C), 
with  four  Gothic  windows  bearing  the  arms  of  the  provinces  of  Prussia, 
presented  by  Princes  Charles  and  Albert  of  Prussia,  and  Charles  Anthony 
and  Leopold  of  llohenzollern. 

Cloisler  Whic/  XVII  (Ludicigsgang).  Casts  of  tombstones  of  the  14th 
century.  —  Cloisters  XVIII-XX  and  XXV,  Courts  XXI  and  XXII,  and  Rooms 
XXIII  and  XXIV  (Victoria  and  Friedrich  Wil/ielm  Building):  Casts  of 
sculptures  of  the  l()-16th  centuries.  —  The  above-mentioned  cloisters  en- 
close the  Reichshof  (PI.  D),  containing  a  copy  in  stucco  of  the  Roland  Col- 
umn at  Bremen. 

Cloisters  XXVI  and  XX  VII-XXIX  (aLdioining  on  the  left):  Tombstones 
of  the  15-lGth  centuries.  Fine  old  and  modern  stained  glass  (PI.  E,  five 
windows  presented  by  the  Austrian  imperial  house).  —  Rooms  XXX-XXXII 
contain  armour  and  weapons,  from  the  10th  to  the  beginning  of  the 
16th  century. 

Cloisters  XXXIII-XXXV.  Casts  of  tombstones  from  the  16-18th  cent.; 
casts  of  ecclesiastical  implements;  book-bindings.  —  We  then  pass  through 
the  Chapel  (XXXVI II)  and  enter  (to  the  left)  — 

^A'X  r/,  formerly  the  Church,  which  contains  a  collection  of  'Sculpture, 
chiefly  of  the  15-16th  centuries.  On  the  N.  wall:  775.  Veit  Stoss,  Kneeling 
Madonna;  "^785.  Tilmann  Riemenschneider,  St.  Elisabeth;  792,  793.  School 
of  Michael  Fachu;  SS.  Leonard  and  Stephen;  770.  Top  of  an  altar.  On  the 
S.  wall:  771,  772.  Swahian  School  (early  16th  cent.),  SS.  Gereon  and  Catha- 
rine. In  the  centre:  745.  Veil  Stoss,  Madonna  and  Child.  Also,  852.  Silver- 
mounted  casket  in  which  the  imperial  jewels  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire 
were  formerly  kept  (from  the  Spital  -  Kirche,  p.  105).  Small  carvings 
in  ivory,  alabaster,  mother-of-pearl,  etc. ;  ecclesiastical  ve.'^sels  and  vest- 
ments. On  the  S.  side  is  a  -Mural  Painting  by  W.  von  Kaulhach  representing 
Emp.  Otho  III.  visiting  the  tomb  of  Charlemagne  in  1000,  symbolical  of 
the  object  of  the  institution  to  bring   to    light   the   treasures   of  the   past. 

The  Chapel  (XXXVII)  contains  (on  the  left)  the  Nukembero  Art 
Collection:  741.  Model  of  Labenwolfs  Gansemannchen  (p.  ICO);  738. 
Statue  of  St.  Wenzel,  the  model  of  P.  TtscAej-'s  bronze  statue  in  the  cathe- 
dral of  Prague;  *732.  Frame  of  the  All  Saints'  picture  from  the  Landauer 
Briiderkapelle,  executed  in  I5l2  from  a  design  by  Diirer,  who  here  shows 
his  genuine  Renaissance  tendency.  On  the  window-wall:  736.  Reliquary 
of  St.  .^'ebastian  (15th  cent.);  733,  73i.  Two  'Palmesel'  (asses  used  on  Palm 
Sunday).  Back-wall:  740.  Weeping  Virgin,  an  admirable  statue  in  wood 
from  a  group  of  theCrucifi.xion  (about  1500),  spoiled  by  a  coat  of  grey  paint 
and  badly  placed;  Veil  Stost,  742.  The  rosary,  a  circular  wood -carving, 
743.  Justice,  744.  Coronation  of  the  Virgin,  in  high  relief.  —  In  the  centre: 
'739.  Bronze  archer  (Apollo),  by  P.   Vischer  the  Younger  (1532). 

The  Collection  of   Domestic   Antiqlities   occupies  RR.  XXXIX-LI. 

—  Room  XXXIX.  German  and  Venetian  glass,  porcelain,  majolicas,  pottery, 
etc.  —  XL-XLI.  Domestic  life  of  16-18th  cent.,  illustrated  by  furniture 
and  utensils.  In  R.  XL:  1034.  Richly  carved  wardrobe  (ca.  liOO);  1040. 
Large  Gothic  bedstead  of  the  Furor  family  (ca.  15(.0).  In  K.  XLI:  1142. 
Bedstead  in  ebony  with  alabaster  ornamentation  (early  17th  cent.);  in  the 
centre,  ornamental  vessels,  goblets,  ewers;  also  1344.  Silver  travelling  service, 


n 


108  Route  W.  NUREMBERG. 

adorned  with  agate  (Augsburg;  17-18th  cent.).  —  XLII.  Antique  portal 
from  the  monastery  of  Heilsbrunn  (13th  cent.).  —  Above  this  are  Rooms 
XLIII-LI,  containing  Tyroleae,  Swiss,  and  Nuremberg  wainscoting  of  the 
16th  and  17th  cent. ;  also  a  mediaeval  kitchen.  Returning  to  the  ground- 
floor,  we  turn  to  the  left  at  the  end  of  Cloister  XXVI,  and  enter  — 

EallLII.  Instruments  of  torture.  —  HallLIII,  in  theS.W.  part  of  the 
building,  contains  a  collection  of  cannon.  —  We  next  ascend  the  open 
spiral  staircase  (PI.  H),  passing  the  Dantsic  'Beischlag'"  or  balcony  (PI.  G), 
to  the  — 

Second  Floor.  Room  LI V^  fitted  up  by  the  German  'imperial'  towns, 
contains  a  collection  of  costumes.  —  The  staircase  on  the  W.  side  de- 
scends to  R.  XF,  fitted  up  by  the  German  'Standesherren',  or  nobles  of 
the  highest  rank,  which  is  occupied  by  a  very  complete  historical  col- 
lection of  fire-arms  and  other  weapons  (16-19th  cent.),  including  some 
magnificent  specimens  acquired  with    the   Sulkowski   Collection  in  1889. 

—  We  now  descend  on  the  S.  side  by  the  'Reckenthiirmchen'  (LVI) 
to  the  — 

First  Floor.  L7II.  Ordnance  of  17-19th  cent.,  tents,  military  ap- 
paratus, etc.  —  Through  Oallery  LVIII  and  Cabinet  LIX^  containing 
pictures  of  costumes  (16-18th  cent.) ,  we  reach  the  Galleries  and  Rooms 
LX-LXVII,  containing  casts  of  sculptures  of  the  16-lSth  cent.  (R.  LXIII), 
coins  (LXV),  and  the  *PicTtiRE  Gallery  (Catalogue  IV2  JDi  unsurpassed 
for  its  works  of  the  upper  and  lower  German  Schools  of  the  15th  and  16th 
centuries.  R.  LXII  (to  the  right)  :  7.  (black  numeral)  In  the  style  of  Meister 
Wilhelm  of  Cologne,  Madonna  with  the  pea-blossom  ;  2078.  Stephan  Lochner, 
Crucifixion,  with  six  saints;  2080.  Early  Fhm'sh  School  (15th  cent.),  Coro- 
nation of  Emp.  Frederick  III.;  to  the  left,  2079.  Master  of  the  Lyversberg 
Passion,  Annunciation;  2086.  Victor  <&  Bein.  Diinwegge,  Pieta;  '2083.  Hugo 
van  der  Coea,  Cardinal  Bourbon;  to  the  right,  2090.  Master  of  the  Imhof  Altar- 
piece,  Pieta;  to  the  left,  2095.  A.  Diirer  {!),  Portrait;  2091.  Hans  Pleyden- 
wurff.  Crucifixion.  —  LXVI.  2107,  2108.  Hans  Baldung  Grien,  Two  nude 
allegorical  female  figures;  Alb.  Diirer,  2099.  Emp.  Maximilian  I.,  no  num- 
ber, Hercules  (1500);  2103.  H.  L.  Schcivfelein,  Crucifixion  with  John  the 
Baptist  and  King  David;  2100.  Copy  of  Diirer's  All  Saints  picture  (p.  106); 
2115.  Hans  Burgkmair,  Madonna;  2110,  2111.  Hans  Holbein  the  Elder,  Ma- 
donna enthroned;  2105.  A.  Altdorfer,  Crucifixion;  2119.  L.  Cranach  the 
Elder,  Luther.  —  LXV.  2109.  B.  Z'eitblom,  Pieta;  209^.  A.Diirer,  Emperors 
Charlemagne  and  Sigismund  (freely  retouched);  2092-2094.  M.  Wohlgemuth 
Four  wings  from  the  Peringsdorfer  altar-piece,  with  the  legend  of  St.  Vitus 
and  saints  (from  the  Augustine  church;  ca.  1490);  *2097.  A.  Dilrer,  Pieta; 
2101,  2102.  Hans  von  Kulmbach,  SS.  Cosmas  and  Damian;  2112.  Burgkmair, 
St.  Sebastian  and  Emp.  Maximilian.  —  LX  contains  chiefly  Netherlandish 
works  of  the  17th  century.  Exit-wall:  2123.  P.  Hooch,  Partv;  Rembrandt, 
2121.  Portrait  of  himself  (ca.  1629),  2125.  St.  Paul:  2l22.  Corn.  Begas, 
Tavern-scene.  In  the  middle  of  this  room  are  various  small  sculptures 
in  bronze  (2155.  Figure  of  a  boy,  2157.  Dog,  2158.  Genius,  all  ascribed  to 
Peter  Vischer),  lead  (goldsmiths'  models;  16-18th  cent.),  and  ivory.  At  the 
window  to  the  left :  2150.  A  number  of  exquisite  wood-carvings  attri- 
buted to  P.  Flotner,  but  really  by  various  hands. 

LXVIII-LXX.  Scientific  apparatus,  calendars,  and  maps.  —  LXXI- 
LXXIII.  Pharmaceutical  Collection  (LXXII.  Apothecary's  shop).  —  Chapel 
LXXIV.  Ecclesiastical  Art  of  the  16-18th  centuries.  —  Room  LX^  An- 
tiquities of  guilds.  —  LXXVI.  Models.  —  Church  Gallery  LXXVII  and 
R.  LXXVIII.  Commercial  Museum,  interesting  models  of  ships  and  wag- 
gons; weights  and  measures.  —  LXXIX,  LXXX.  Collection  of  documents 
illustrative  of  the  arts  of  writing  and  printing;  MSS.,  incunabula,  wood- 
cuts, engravings.  —  LXXXI  (Gallery).  Weaving  and  embroidery,  —  Hall 
LXXXII  (fitted  up  bv  the  nobility  of  MeckleTlburg)T~Tfusical  Instruments. 

—  LXXXIII.  Book-bindings. 


The  extensive  Manufactories  of  Nuremberg  chiefly  lie  outside 
the  old  town.  The  Nuremberg  Machine  Co's  (formerly  Cramer- Klett's ; 


HERSBRUCK.  Route  21.    109 

PL  F,  2)  works  are  outside  the  Wohrder  Thor.  On  the  S.  side, 
beyond  the  Farber-Thor ,  near  the  railway,  are  the  United  Vltra- 
marine  Factories  (formerly  Leverkus,  Zeltner,  &  Co. ;  PI.  B,  C,  4)  ; 
and  in  the  suburb  of  Steinbiihl  are  Schuckert  ^  Co.'s  dynamo- 
electric  machine  works.  Fabers  lead-pencil  factory  is  at  Stein 
(p.  26) ,  6  M.  from  Nuremberg.  The  largest  breweries  are  Hen- 
ninger's  in  the  Maxfeld  (now  in  the  hands  of  a  company),  Tucher's 
in  the  Waizen-Strasse  (PI.  C,  2),  and  Kurt's  (J.  G.  Reif),  Lorenz- 
Str.  6. 

The  most  popular  pleasure-grounds  at  Nuremberg  are  the  *Stadt- 
Park  or  Maxfeld,  on  the  N.  side  (*Restaurant ;  music  frequently 
tramway,  see  p.  96),  and  the  ••Rosenau  (PI.  A,  B,  2,  3 ;  restaurant 
music  frequently).  —  Pleasant  excursion  to  Dutzendteich  (p.  118 
tramway);  thence  a  beautiful  walk  through  wood,  by  Falznerweiher 
(restaurant)  and  Schmaussenbuck  (rustic  inn),  with  its  view-tower 
(20  pf.),  to  M og elder f  (std^tion  ;  see  p.  234).    —   Via  Furth  to  the 
Alte  Veste  (old  fortress)  and  Cadolzburg,  see  p.  70.    To  the  Nurem- 
berg Switzerland,  see  below. 

21.  From  Nuremberg  to  Eger  by  Schnabelwaid.j 

94  M.  Railway  in  51/4-672  lirs.   (fares  12  Ji  20,  8J(  10,  bjl  20  pf.). 

Nuremberg,  see  p.  95.  Soon  after  leaving  the  station  the  train 
diverges  to  the  left  from  the  lines  to  Ratisbon  and  Amberg,  and 
crosses  the  Pegnitz-Thal  by  means  of  a  long  embankment  and  several 
bridges  to  (21/2  M.)  St.  Jobst.  It  then  skirts  the  hills  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Pegnitz-Thal,  running  parallel  with  the  Amberg  railway 
(p.  234)  on  the  S.  side.  On  the  left,  SchLoss  Platnersberg,  restored 
by  Heideloff.  6  M.  Behringersdorf;  8  M.  Rilckersdorf  (3  M.  to  the 
N.  is  the  Ludwigshohe,  a  summer-resort  with  view-tower) ;  IOV2M. 
Lauf  (Rail.  Restaurant),  with  a  chateau,  on  the  Pegnitz  ('/o  M.  to 
the  S.  is  the  station  of  the  Amberg  line,  p.  234);  I2V2  M.  Schnaitt- 
ach,  which  lies  3  M.  to  the  N.  of  the  station,  with  the  ruin  of 
Rothenburg  rising  above  it  (a  flue  point  of  view);  15  M.  Reichen- 
schwandy  at  the  base  of  the  Hansgdrgl-Berg  (see  below),  with  a 
chateau  and  park. 

17M.Hersbrnck(1100ft.;  *Post;  *Traube,  in  the  market-place ; 
Bother  Hahn\  a  prosperous  little  town  (3800  inhab.)  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Pegnitz,  at  the  foot  of  the  Michelsberg,  surrounded 
by  hop-gardens.  The  station  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Pegnitz 
(*Heissmanns  Restaurant)  lies  on  the  N.  side  of  the  town,  1^2  ^' 
from  the  station  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Pegnitz  (p.  234). 

The  Michelsberg  (1428  ft.),  ascended  from  the  right  bank  station  in 
V4  br.,  affords  an  admirable  survey  of  the  town  and  district.  A  still 
finer  point  of  view  is  the  '-Hansgorgl-Berg  (1979  ft.),  1  hr.  from  Reichen- 
schwand,  or  IV2  br.  from  Ilersbruck  via  the  Oalgenbevg  and  the  Hagen- 
iniihle.     On  the  top  is  a  pavilion. 

At  (201/2  M.)  Hohenstadt  the  line  turns  to  the  N.  and  enters 
the  narrow  and  tortuous  Upper  Pegnitz-Thal ;  to  the  right,  prettily 


110    Route  ^1.  SCHNABELWAID. 

situated  at  tlie  mouth  of  the  Hirschbach-Thal,  lies  the  summer-resort 
of  Eschenhach,  with  a  Schloss  and  a  Curhaus.  We  cross  the  Pegnitz 
twice,  and  pass  Alf alter  and  Dmselhach  on  the  left.  25  M.  Vorra 
(*Krone).  Then  five  bridges  and  two  short  tunnels.  27  M.  Bup- 
prechtstegen  (1184  ft.;  Inn  ^Zur  Frdnkischen  Schweiz,  with  a  huge 
lime-tree),  the  centre  of  the  'Nuremberg  Switzerland'.  The  *Car- 
Hotel,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  slope  to  the  left,  is  a  favourite  re- 
sort in  summer. 

The  -Ankathal^  with  its  beautiful  woods  and  picturesque  groups  of 
rocks ,  affords  a  pleasant  walk.  The  path  then  crosses  a  lofty  plain  to 
(2  hrs.)  the  ruin  of  Hohenstein  (2080  ft.),  rising  above  the  villa'ge  of  that 
name  (Inn  zur  Felsburg;  beer  at  Maier's);  fine  view  from  the  wooden 
belvedere  (key  at  the  village).  —  Walk  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Pegnitz 
to  the  (1  hr.)  castle  of  Harienstein,  mentioned  in  the 'Parzival''  of  Wolfram 
von  Eschenbach. 

Ten  bridges  and  five  tunnels  (90  to  350  yds.  in  length)  in 
rapid  succession.  The  walk  through  the  Pegnitz-Thal  to  Velden  is 
interesting.  29  M.  Velden,  a  picturesquely-situated  town  (Krone), 
with  an  ancient  gate,  lies  1/3  M.  to  the  N.W.  of  the  station.  The 
valley  now  expands.  Sl^/o  M.  Neuhaus  (Rossbach's  Inn,  at  the 
station;  Wilder  Mann),  commanded  by  the  watch-tower  of  the  old 
castle  of  Veldenstein. 

Ifear  the  village  of  Krottensee  (Zur  Grotte),  IV2  M.  to  the  E.,  is  the 
'-Maximilianshohle,  or  Windloch,  a  large  stalactite  grotto,  made  accessible 
in  1878  (adm.  1  pers.  75  pf.,  2  pers.  1  Jl,  etc.  j  guide  necessary;  mag- 
nesium wire  75  pf.  extra). 

We  cross  and  recross  the  Pegnitz  several  times.  331/2  M .  Banna ; 
37  M.  Michelfeld;  41^/2  M.  Pegnitz  (Lamm;  Ross),  a  district-town 
on  the  Pegnitz,  which  rises  at  Lindenhart,  9  M.  to  the  N.  (dili- 
gence daily  in  2^/4  hrs.  by  Pottenstein  to  Gossweinstein,  p.  95). 
The  train  now  ascends  to  (461/9  M.)  Schnahelwaid. 

Beanch  Railway  to  Batkedth  (11  M.,  in  40  min.)  by  (4  M.)  Creussen, 
an  old  town  in  the  valley  of  the  Rothe  Main .  noted  for  its  earthenware, 
and  (7  M.)  Neuenreuth.    11  M.  Bayreuth  (see  p^  86). 

The  train  turns  to  the  E.,  and  near  (50  M.)  Engelmannsreuth 
passes  through  the  watershed  between  the  Pegnitz  and  the  Nab  by 
a  cutting  880  yds.  long.  Beyond  (531/2  M.)  Vorbach  the  Hard  is 
penetrated  by  a  tunnel  of  490  yds. 

58m.  Kirchenlaibach,  junction  for  theNeuenmarkt  and  Weiden 
line  (p.  89).  The  train  pursues  a  N.E.  direction.  Near  (631/2  M.) 
Immenreuth  it  crosses  the  Heidenab,  and  at  Oberwappenbst  it  passes 
under  the  watershed  between  the  Heidenab  and  the  Fichtelnab  by 
a  tunnel  of  935  yds.  The  valley  of  the  latter  stream  is  crossed 
near  Riglasreuth  by  a  lofty  iron  viaduct.  70  M.  Neusorg  (1827  ft.)  ; 
branch  hence  to  (91/0  M.)  Fichtelberg.  Near  Langentheilen  the 
watershed  between  the  Nab  and  the  Roslau  is  pierced  by  another 
long  tunnel.  75  M.  Waldershof  (1805  ft.) ;  2  hrs.  to  the  W.  is  the 
Kosseine  (p.  92).  —  77  M.  Markt-Eedwitz  (1742  ft.;  Anker,  at 
the  station;  Weisses  Ross  and  others,  poor),  a  busy  little  town  on 
the   Kossein,    with  a  Protestant  church  in  the  transition  style; 


NORDLINGEN.  22.  Route.    1 1  1 

junction  of  the  line  from  Hof  to  Wiesau  (p.  134).  The  line  now 
turns  to  the  N.E.  and  follows  the  Roslau,  which  it  crosses  twice. 
81 Y2  ^-  Seussen;  8872  Arzherg ;  86  M.  Schimding.  Before  reach- 
ing [8872  M.)  Miiklbach  we  enter  Austrian  territory.  The  train 
now  follows  the  Eger,  intersects  the  plateau  to  the  S.  of  Eger  at 
a  depth  of  56  ft.,  and,  curving  to  the  N.^  enters  the  station  of 
(94  M.)  Eger  (see  Baedeker's  Aiistria). 

22.  From  Nuremberg  to  Augsburg. 

105  M.  Railwat,  express  in  31/2-4  hrs.  (fares  IG'/zj  1^  cV/)}  ordinary  train 
in  6  hTs.  (13  Jl  60,  9  Jf,  5  Jf  80  pf.). 

The  train  crosses  the  Ludivigs- Canal  immediately  after  quit- 
ting Nuremberg,  and  beyond  (5  M.)  Reichelsdorf  the  Rednitz. 

9  M.  Schwabach  [Engel;  Rose;  Stern,  unpretending),  an  old 
town  with  8190  inhabitants.  The  late-Gothic  church  of  St.  John, 
erected  in  1469-95,  contains  a  grand  *Altar-piece  with  carving  by 
Veil  Stoss  and  paintings  by  Wohlgemut  (1506)  and  Dilrer  (?  En- 
tombment) ;  in  the  Rosenburg  chapel  are  other  paintings  by  Wohl- 
gemut, Martin  Schon  (Virgin  in  a  garland  of  roses),  Grunewald,  etc., 
and  a  Gothic  ciborium,  42  ft.  high,  by  A.  Krafft  (1505),  to  whom 
a  monument  was  erected  in  the  church  in  1889.  (The  sacristan 
lives  in  the  Kirch-Platz,  in  a  small  house  to  the  left  of  the  book- 
seller's.) The  Schone  Brunnen  in  the  market-place,  erected  in 
1716,  was  restored  in  1856.  'Schwabach  type'  is  an  old  German 
text  now  revived.  The  'Articles  of  Schwabach'  form  the  Protestant 
creed  adopted  in  1528-29. 

Near(1572M.)  Roth  is  the  old  chateau  of  .Batiftor  (1535).  A 
little  farther  on,  the  Swabian  and  Franconian  Rezat  unite  to  form 
the  Rednitz.  From  (21  M.)  Georgensgmiind  a  branch-line  leads  in 
25min.  to  Spalt,  a  small  town  prettily  situated  on  the  Swabian 
Rezat,  the  birthplace  of  G.  Spalatin  (d.  1545),  the  friend  of  Luther 
and  Melanchthon.  On  a  wooded  eminence  to  the  left  rises  Schloss 
Sandsee,  the  property  of  Prince  Wrede.  27  M.  Pleinfeld,  on  the 
Rezat,  junction  of  the  Nuremberg  and  Munich  railway  (vi^  Treucht- 
lingen,  p.  130).    33  M.  Langlau. 

37  M.  Gunzenhausen,  on  the  Altmiihl,  junction  of  the  Wiirz- 
bnrg  and  Munich  line  (see  p.  130).  Beyond  (42  M.)  Kronheim  the 
line  reaches  the  Wbrnitz.  To  the  right  of  (46  M.)  Wassertrxidingen 
rises  the  long  Hesselberg.  481/2  M.  Auhausen.  54  M.  Oettingen, 
a  small  town  with  3200  inhab.,  on  the  Wornitz,  residence  of  the 
Prince  of  Oettingen-Spielberg.  Beyond  (57  M.)  Diirrenzimmem, 
the  Ipf  (p.  29)  becomes  conspicuous  on  the  \V.  The  village  on  the 
right  nearNordlingen  is  Wallerstein  (-p.  112),  with  a  ruined  castle. 

62  M.  Nordlingen  (1410  ft.;  Hot.  Kielmeyer,  at  the  station-, 
*  Krone;  Deutsches  Haus ;  Weisses  Ross;  Beer  at  the  Sonne)  j 
formerly  an  imperial  town,  is  still  surrounded  with  walls  and  towers. 
Pop.  8000.  In  the  gardens  outside  the  station  is  a  bronze  bust  of  the 


112    Route  22.  DONAUWORTH.         From  Nuremberg 

poet  Melchior  Meyr  (d.  1871),  author  of  'Erzahlungen  aus  dem  Ries'. 
The  Gothic  *St.  George's  Church,  erected  1428-1505,  contains  a  fine 
late-Gothic  ciborium  (1511-25),  a  good  stone  pulpit  of  the  same 
period ,  a  curious  winding  staircase  to  the  organ-loft,  paintings  by 
Schdufelein  [Mourning  for  Christ,  in  the  Baptistery)  and  Herlen, 
and  good  stained  glass.  Fine  prospect  from  the  tower  (290  ft.  in 
height),  extending  over  the  Ries  with  its  numerous  villages,  of 
which  99  are  said  to  be  visible.  The  late-Gothic  Rathhaus  contains 
a  large  mural  painting  by  Schdufelein  (1515),  of  the  history  of  Ju- 
dith and  Holofernes;  on  the  upper  floor  a  collection  of  old  German 
pictures  (chiefly  by  Schdufelein  and  Herlen),  autographs,  coins,  local 
antiquities,  etc.   (Apply  to  custodian  on  first  floor.) 

During  the  Thirty  Years'  War  the  Imperial  Generals  Ferdinand  of  Hungary 
and  the  Cardinal  Infanta  Don  Fernando  gained  a  signal  victory  here  over 
the  Swedes  under  Bernhard  of  Weimar  and  Horn,  27th  Aug.,  1634. 

A  diligence  plies  daily  from  Nordlingen  via  Fessenheim  to  (12  M.) 
Wemding  (Kreuz;  Sonne)^  on  the  Bosbach^  near  which  is  the  small  bath 
of  Wemding,  with  a  sulphurous  spring. 

Remsihal  Railway  from  Nordlingen  to  Stuttgart,  see  R.  7. 

Feom  Noedlingen  toDombdhl,33V2M.  (railway  in  2V2-3V4hrs.).  2'/2M. 
Wallerstein,  with  a  picturesque  ruined  castle.  Marktoffingen^  1  M.  to  the  E. 
of  which  lies  Maihingen,  formerly  a  convent,  with  the  valuable  library, 
armoury,  and  other  collections  of  Prince  Oettingen-Wallerstein.  Then 
Fremdingen,  Wilbur gs tetten.  —  18 V2  M.  Dinkelsbiihl  CGoldne  Rose),  an  old 
imperial  town  on  the  Wornitz ,  still  sui-rounded  with  walls  and  tnwers 
(4484  inhab.),  was  the  birthplace  of  Chr.  von  Schmid  (d.  1854),  a  popular 
writer  for  the  voung,  to  whom  a  statue  has  been  erected  in  the  market- 
place. The  late-Gothic  Church  of  St.  George  (built  in  1444-99),  with  its 
handsome  ciborium  and  carved  altars,  and  the  Deutsche  Eaus  (15th  cent.) 
are  interesting.  —  2272  M.  Schopfloch;  27  M.  Feuchtwangen  (Post),  an  old  town 
with  a  Gothic  abbey-church;  BOM.  Dorfgiltingen.  33y>'il. Dombiihl,  see  p.  26. 

671/2  M.  Mottingen;  to  the  left,  the  Lierheimer  Schloss.  Beyond 
(70  M.)  Hoppingen  we  enter  the  Ries,  a  remarkably  fertile  tract, 
probably  once  the  bed  of  a  lake.  72  M.  Harhurg ,  a  little  town 
belonging  to  Prince  Wallerstein,  with  a  well-preserved  castle,  pic- 
turesquely perched  on  a  rock.  751/2  M.  Wbrnitzstein.  The  train  fol- 
lows the  fertile  valley  of  the  winding  Wornitz. 

79 1/2  M.  Donauworth  (1365  ft. ;  *.^rc6s,  unpretending,  R.,  L.  &  A. 
1  .^  20  pf.,  B.  60  pf. ;  Becher),  an  old  town  on  the  Danube,  with  3733 
inhabitants.  The  buildings  of  the  suppressed  Benedictine  Abbey  of 
the  Holy  Cross  are  now  the  property  of  Prince  Wallerstein.  A  chapel 
adjoining  the  abbey-church  contains  the  sarcophagus  of  the  ill-fated 
Mary  of  Brabant,  consort  of  Duke  Lewis  of  Bavaria,  by  whose  order 
she  was  beheaded  in  1256  on  a  groundless  suspicion  of  infidelity.  The 
fortress  of  Mangoldstein,  where  the  execution  took  place,  to  the  right 
near  the  station,  was  destroyed  by  Emp.  Albert  I.  in  1308,  and  the 
ruins  were  removed  in  1818.  A  tablet  in  the  rock,  bearing  the 
words  ^Castrum  Woerih' ,  now  marks  the  site  of  the  castle,  and  a 
cross  above  indicates  the  scene  of  the  execution.  The  Schellenberg , 
above  the  station,  was  stormed  with  severe  loss  by  Lewis  of  Baden 
in  1704.  Its  capture  formed  a  prelude  to  the  disastrous  battle  of 
Hochstadt  (see  next  page). 


to  Augsburg.  AUGSBURG.  22.  Route.    1 1  3 

From  Donadwoeth  to  Ned-Offingen,  27i/,i  M.,  railway  in  IV3  hr.  (to 
Ulm  in  3  hrs.).  The  line  skirts  the  N.  side  of  the  town ,  turns  to  the 
S.W.,  and  traverses  the  valley  of  the  tortuous  Danube.  5  M.  Tapfheim; 
9  M.  Blenheim,  or  Blindheim;  12  M.  Hochstadt.  Each  of  the  last  two  names 
recalls  more  than  one  fiercely  contested  battle.  Here  in  1083  Guelph  I.  of 
Bavaria  was  defeated  and  deprived  of  his  duchy  by  Emp.  Henry  IV.  In 
1703  Elector  Max  Emanuel  of  Bavaria  and  Marshal  Villars  gained  a  victory 
at  Hochstadt  over  the  Imperial  troops  under  Count  Styrum;  but  the 
Elector  and  Marshal  Tallard  were  signally  defeated,  at  Blenheim,  by  Prince 
Eugene  and  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  13th  Aug.,  1704.  Nearly  a  century 
later,  on  19th  June,  1800,  the  Austrians  under  Kray  engaged  the  French 
under  Moreau  at  Hochstadt.  —  IIV-.;  M.  Steinheim.  —  17  M.  Oillingen  {'Bay- 
vischer  Hof;  "Stern;  Deutscher  Kaiser ,  unpretending),  a  thriving  town  of 
6770  inhab.,  which  has  belonged  to  Bavaria  since  1802,  was  formerly  the 
seat  of  a  university,  suppressed  in  1804.  The  old  chateau  once  belonged 
to  the  bishops  of  Augsburg.  —  19  M.  Lauingen,  a  busy  town  of  3846 
inhab.,  the  residence  during  the  middle  ages  of  the  Bavarian  dukes  of 
Pfalz-Neuburg,  whose  burial-vault  is  below  the  Roman  Catholic  church. 
The  isolated  Hof-Thurm.,  180  ft.  high,  in  sixteen  stories,  was  erected  in 
1478.  A  bronze  statue  of  the  celebrated  scholar  Albertus  Magnus  (1193- 
1280) ,  a  native  of  Lauingen ,  was  erected  in  the  market-place  in  1881.  — 
22'/2  M.  Gundelfingen,  a  small  town  on  the  Brenz ,  with  the  ruins  of  the 
castle  oi  Hohen-Gundelfingen.^  destroyed  during  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  The 
line  turns  towards  the  S.,  crosses  the  Danube,  and  joins  the  Ulm  .and 
Augsburg  line  (p.  133)  at  (271/2  M.)  Neu-Offingen. 

From  Donauworth  to  Ingolstadt  and  Ratisbon,  see  E.  24. 

The  train  crosses  tlie  Danube,  and  then  the  Schmutter.  Stations 
Bdumenheim,  Mertingen,  Nordendorf  (right,  the  chateau  of  Count 
Fischler-Treuberg),  Meitingen  (right,  on  the  height,  the  castle  of 
Markt,  once  a  Roman  fort,  the  property  of  Prince  Fugger),  Lang- 
weid,  Gersthofen,  and  Oberhausen  (to  Vim,  see  p.  133}.  We  cross 
the  Wertach,  near  its  union  ^vith  the  Lech. 

105  M.  Augsburg.  —Hotels.  *Dhei  MoHKEN(Pl.a;  C,4),  Maximilian- 
Str.,  R.,  L.,  A:  A.  from  3,  B.  1,  D.  8  Jf,  omn.  70  pf.,  one  of  the  oldest 
hostelries  in  Germany,  but  lately  rebuilt.  ""Kaiserhof  (PI.  i;  B,  4),  Halder- 
Str.,  with  frequented  restaurant;  *Goldne  Teaube  (PI.  b;  C,  4),  Maximilian- 
Str.,  R.  IV2  J'/,  D.  2jf  20  pf.,  B.  70  pf. ;  ^Bayeiscuee  Hof  (PI.  d;  B,  4), 
Dbei  Keonen  (PI.  e;  B,  4),  with  garden,  both  in  the  Bahnhof-Str. ;  Weisses 
Lamm  (PI.  c  •,  B,  3),  Ludwig-Str.,  R.  2-3.7/,  B.  70  pf.,  good  cuisine;  Moheen- 
KOPF  (PI.  f;  C,  4),  Predigerberg;  Eisenhdt  (PI.  g;  C,  3),  Obstmarkt,  R. 
i-P/-2  Jl.  —  Restaurants  and  Cafes.  '^Railway  Restaurant;  "Kaiserhof.  see 
above;  "Kevnstock,  Steingasse,  D.  lui^20pf. ;  ^Restaurant  in  the  St  ad  f- 
Qarten ;  Augusta  and  Stotter,  in  the  Fugger- Str.;  Mussbeck.  Bavaria,  in 
the  Maximilian-Str.  —  Wise.  - Metzler-Hofmann  (Griines  Haus),  in  the 
St-Anna-Str. ;  Laniberger  zur  Weiberschule,  Bei  der  Metzg  (C,  182) ;  Eisenhut, 
see  above;  Rathskeller,  Eisenberg  (C,  323).  —  BEFji.  Hering,  at  the  Schmidt- 
berg;  Kohleis  (Reicbskrone),  Burgergasschen. 

Baths.  OiVsche  Badeanstalt  ^  Baumgartner-Str.  ,  outside  the  Rothe 
Thor  (PI.  C,  6;  cold,  warm,  and  vapour  baths);  Augmiusbad,  Kreuz-Str. ; 
Griintcald,  at  the  Katzenstadel  (F,  152).  Municipal  Swimming  Bath  (PI.  D,  6); 
Swimming  School  (PI.  A,  3). 

Post  &  Telegraph  Office  (PI.  B,  3,  4),  Grottenau,  at  the  corner  of  the 
Ludwig-Str. 

Cabs.  Drive  (1/4  hr.),  1-2  pers.  50  pf.,  3  pers.  60  pf. ;  from  the  station 
20  pf.  more.     At  night  (lO  to  6)  double  fares.     Each  box  of  56lbs.  20  pf. 

Tramways  (comp.  Plan):  from  the  Ludwigs-Platz  (Perlach;  PI.  C,  4) 
to  Oberhausen  10  pf.,  to  the  Ulrichs-Platz  10  pf.,  the  railway-station  10  pf., 
Pfersee  15  pf.,  Goggingen  (p.  118)  20  pf. ;  from  the  Metz-Platz  to  Lech- 
hausen  10  pf. 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.     8th  Edit.  g 


114    Route  22.  AUGSBURG.  Cathedral. 

Augsburg  (1340  ft.),  with  75,523  inhab.  (1/3  Prot.),  the  Roman 
Augusta  Vindelicorum ,  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Wertach 
and  the  Lech,  is  one  of  the  most  important  towns  in  S.  Germany. 
Its  abundant  water-power,  utilised  by  canals  traversing  the  town, 
has  given  rise  to  various  industries  (weaving,  cotton-spinning,  etc., 
chiefly  outside  the  town). 

In  the  middle  ages  (from  1268)  Augsburg  was  a  free  imperial  city,  and 
the  great  centre  of  the  traffic  between  N.  Europe,  Italy,  and  the  Levant. 
It  reached  the  height  of  its  prosperity  in  the  15th  and  16th  centuries, 
and  several  of  its  citizens  enjoyed  princely  veealth  and  power.  Three 
daughters  of  Augsburgers  were  married  to  princes :  Clara  von  Detten  to 
Elector  Frederick  the  Victorious  of  the  Palatinate;  Agnes  Bernauer.  the 
beautiful  daughter  of  a  barber,  to  Duke  Albert  III.  of  Bavaria  (p.  236)  ; 
and  Philippina  Welser  to  Archduke  Ferdinand  of  Austria.  Bartholomew 
Welser,  another  citizen,  fitted  out  a  squadron  to  take  possession 
of  Venezuela,  which  had  been  assigned  to  him  as  a  pledge  by  Emp. 
Charles  V.  The  Fugger  family  raised  themselves  within  a  century  from 
the  condition  of  poor  weavers  to  that  of  the  wealthiest  merchants  at 
Augsburg,  or  perhaps  in  Europe.  They  were  the  Rothschilds  of  their  age 
and  like  them  ennobled;  and  they  frequently  replenished  the  exhausted 
coffers  of  the  emperors  Maximilian  I.  and  Charles  V.  A  separate  quarter  of 
Augsburg,  founded  by  Job.  Jacob  Fugger  'the  Rich'  in  1519,  is  still  called 
the  Fuggerei  (p.  115),  closed  by  its  own  gates,  and  consisting  of  fifty- 
three  small  houses,  tenanted  at  a  merely  nominal  rent  by  indigent  Roman 
Catholic  citizens.  —  At  Augsburg  Charles  V.  held  his  famous  diets;  that  of 
1530,  at  which  the  Protestant  princes  presented  to  the  Emperor  and  the 
estates  the  '■Augsburg  Confession',  a  reformed  creed  framed  by  Melanchthon ; 
that  of  1548,  at  which  the  'Interim'  was  issued ;  and  that  of  1555,  by  which 
a  religious  peace  was  concluded.  The  delivery  of  the  Confession  took 
place   in  a  hall  of  the  episcopal  palace,  which  is  now   a  royal  residence. 

The  present  appearance  of  Augsburg  still  recalls  its  ancient 
importance.  Most  of  the  houses  are  in  the  Renaissance  style  of  the 
16th  and  17th  cent.,  and  several  are  still  adorned  with  well-pre- 
served frescoes.  Those  of  greatest  historical  interest  are  indicated 
by  tablets.  The  old  fortifications  have  been  removed,  and  handsome 
new  streets  erected  on  their  site  (comp.  p.  118). 

The  principal  street  is  the  handsome,  broad  Maximilians- Strasse 
(PI.  C,  4;  between  the  Maximilians-Platz  and  the  Ludwigs-Platz), 
with  its  continuation,  the  busy  Karolinen- Strasse  (PI.  C,  3).  At  the 
N.  end  of  the  latter  rises  the  Cathedral  (PI.  B,  C,  3),  an  irregular 
Gothic  pile,  originally  a  Romanesque  basilica,  begun  in  995,  con- 
secrated in  1006,  and  altered  1321-1431.  It  now  consists  of  a  nave 
with  low  vaulting,  borne  by  square  pillars,  and  double  aisles  separated 
by  slender  round  columns  with  foliage-capitals.  TheN.  and  S.  portals 
of  the  E.  choir,  with  sculptures  of  the  14th  cent.,  are  particularly  fine. 

The  W.  choir  contains  a  very  ancient  episcopal  throne  and  an  ancient 
Gothic  altar  in  bronze.  In  the  nave  hangs  a  fine  bronze  candelabrum  of 
the  14th  century.  The  richly  carved  Gothic  pulpit  and  the  high-altar  in 
the  E.  choir  are  modern.  The  bronze  doors  of  the  S.  aisle,  dating  from 
about  1050,  contain  representations  of  Adam  and  Eve,  the  Serpent,  Cen- 
taurs, etc.,  in  thirty-five  sections.  Fine  stained  glass,  ancient  and  modern; 
the  S.  Romanesque  windows  of  the  nave  (Uth  cent.)  are  among  the  oldest 
in  existence.  The  altar-pieces  of  the  first  four  side-altars  are  by  Holbein 
the  Elder  (1493);  the  other  altar-pieces  in  the  ambulatory  of  the  choir  are 
by  Zeiiblom,  Amberger,  Wohlgemut.  Burgkmair,  and  others.  On  the  back 
wall  of  the  N.  aisle  are  portraits  of  all  the  bishops  from  596  to  the  present 


Rathhaus.  AUGSBURG.  22.  Route.    115 

day.  The  choir-chapels,  containing  the  tombs  of  many  bishopa,  are  sep- 
arated from  the  choir  by  tasteful  iron  screens.  The  fine  cloisters  on  the 
N.  side  (late-Gothic,  1474-1510)  contain  tombstones,  some  of  them  very  old. 

To  the  W.  of  the  cathedral,  in  the  Frohnhof,  with  its  handsome 
War  Monument  by  Zumbusch,  is  the  Royal  Palace  (PI.  B,  3),  now 
government-offices  ;  to  the  E.,  in  the  Karolinen-Platz,  the  Episcopal 
Palace  (PI.  C,  3). 

On  the  right,  in  the  Karolinen-Str.,  is  the  Riedinger  House, 
the  handsome  court  of  which  is  fitted  up  as  a  winter  garden.  At  the 
S.  end  of  the  street  is  the  Ludwigs-Platz  (PI.  C,  4;  usually  called 
'Eiermarkt'  or  'Perlach'),  the  busiest  part  of  the  town,  in  the  centre 
of  which  rises  the  Fountain  of  Augustus,  the  founder  of  the  city, 
whose  statue  was  cast  by  the  Dutch  master  Gerhardt  in  1594.  On 
the  right  is  the  Exchange;  on  the  left  the  Perlach-Thurm,  a  clock- 
tower,  erected  in  1063  as  a  watch-tower,  heightened  in  1615,  with 
a  fine  view  from  the  top.  —  The  Barfusserkirche  (PI.  C,  4;  Prot.), 
to  the  E.  of  the  Perlach-Thurm,  contains  pictures  of  the  17th  and 
18th  cent,  and  an  excellent  organ.  —  The  Jacoher-Strasse,  the  E. 
continuation  of  the  Barfiissergasse,  is  still  one  of  the  most  med- 
iaeval streets  in  existence.  Near  it  is  the  Fuggerei  (p.  114).  —  In 
the  ' Vordere  Lech'  is  the  house,  in  which  Holbein  the  Elder  (p.  117) 
lived  and  Holbein  the  Younger  was  born. 

The  *Eathhaus  (PL  A,  4;  bell  in  the  vestibule  to  the  right,  in 
the  middle ;  in  summer  the  keeper  is  usually  in  the  hall  upstairs), 
a  handsome  Renaissance  edifice,  was  erected  in  1616-20  by  Elias 
Holl.  On  the  gable  in  front  is  a  large  pine-cone  in  bronze,  the 
heraldic  emblem  of  the  city.  The  lower  vestibule  contains  an  eagle, 
with  gilded  beak  and  claws  (1606),  and  busts  of  Roman  emperors 
from  Csesar  to  Otho ;  on  the  back-wall  is  a  bust  of  Emp.  Frederick  III., 
who  commanded  the  Bavarian  troops  in  the  war  of  1870-71.  An 
antechamber  on  the  first  floor,  borne  by  eight  columns  of  red  marble, 
has  a  fine  wooden  ceiling  and  a  statue  of  Chr.  von  Schmid  (d.  1854; 
see  p.  112),  the  educational  writer.  On  the  second  floor  is  the 
*' Golden  HalV,  118  by  62  ft.,  and  54  ft.  in  height,  one  of  the  finest 
halls  in  Germany,  with  rococo  decorations  in  the  Italian  style.  The 
adjoining  Fiirstenzimmer  also  have  fine  wooden  ceilings ,  wall- 
panelling,  artistic  stoves,  and  a  few  pictures,  casts,  flags,  etc. 

To  the  S.W.,  in  the  Ludwigs-Platz,  opens  the  Philippine- 
Welser-Strasse,  in  which  a  Statue  of  Joh.  Jac.  Fugger  (1516-1575) 
was  erected  in  1858.  To  the  E.  of  the  monument  is  the  handsome 
house  in  which  Philippina  Welser  lived  from  1530  to  1550.  To  the 
W.  is  the  Maximilians-Museum  (PI.  B,  C,  4),  a  Renaissance  edifice 
of  the  16th  cent.,  containing  the  collections  of  the  Historical  and 
Natural  History  Society  (daily,  except  Sat.  afternoon,  10-1  and  2-5; 
Oct.-March,  10-12  and  2-4;  tickets,  50  pf.  each).  On  the  ground- 
floor  are  Roman  antiquities  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Augsburg; 
on  the  first  floor  the  raediseval  collections,  including  sculptures, 


116   Route  22.  AUGSBURG.  St.  Ulrich, 

wood-carvings,  seals,  coins,  drawings,  etc.  The  pictnres  include 
portraits  by  Amherger,  and  an  Adoration  of  the  Magi  by  Oumpolt 
Giltlinger,  a  rare  contemporary  of  Holbein,  The  natural  history 
department  embraces  valuable  collections  of  zoological  botany, 
mineralogy,  palaeontology,  ethnography,  etc. 

In  the  neighbouring  St.  Anna-Strasse  is  the  church  of  St.  Anna 
(PI.  B,  4;  Prot.),  built  in  1472-1510  in  the  late-Gothic  style,  with 
a  central  part  altered  to  the  Renaissance  style. 

In  the  interior  are  an  altar-piece  (Jesus  receiving  little  children)  and 
portraits  of  Luther  and  Elector  John  Frederick  of  Saxony,  by  Cranach;  the 
Wise  and  Fooliah  Virgins,  by  Amberger;  Feeding  of  the  four  thousand,  by 
Rottenhammer ;  Portrait  of  the  Patrician  von  Oestreicher,  by  Van  ByckO); 
Christ  in  Hell,  by  Burglmair,  etc.  To  the  left  of  the  altar  is  a  fine  relief 
in  stone  of  the  Raising  of  Lazarus  (16th  cent.).  The  paintings  on  the 
wings  of  the  large  organ  are  by  Bnrgkmair.  those  on  the  smalf  altar  are 
attributed  to  Holbein  the  Younger.  At  the  W.  end  is  the  rich  Italian  Re- 
naissance burial-chapel  of  the  Fugger  family,  built  by  Jacob  Fugger  the 
Rich  (p.  114).     Numerous  tombstones  in  the 'cloisters. 

We  return  hence  to  the  Maximilians-Strasse,  where  there  are 
two  fountains,  the  Mercury  and  the  Hercules,  by  Adr.  de  Vries, 
erected  in  1599  and  1602.  —  On  the  right  is  the  long  Fuggerhaus 
(PI.  C,  4),  the  property  of  Prince  Fugger-Babenhausen,  adorned 
with  modern  frescoes  by  F.  Wagner,  illustrating  the  history  of  the 
town  and  the  Fugger  family. 

Subjects  of  these  scenes  (from  left  to  right):  1.  Emp.  Rudolph  of  Haps- 
burg  confirms  the  municipal  privileges  of  Augsburg  (1273)  j  2.  Emp.  Lewis 
the  Bavarian  takes  Augsburg  under  his  protection  (1315) ;  3.  Jacob  Fugger 
founds  the  Fuggerei  (1519) ;  4.  Emp.  Maximilian  I.  holding  his  court  at  Augsburg 
(15(X));  5.  Anthony  Fugger  interceding  for  the  town  with  Charles  V.  (1547). 
Friezes  with  allegorical  groups  of  children  form  a  kind  of  frame  to  these 
paintings.  Between  the  windows  of  the  first  floor  are  the  armorial  bearings 
of  distinguished  families  of  Augsburg.  Overthe  principal  portal  is  a  Madonna. 

The  office  of  the  Fugger  estates  ('Domanenkanzlei',  at  the  back 
of  the  Fuggerhaus,  in  the  Zeugplatz,  entered  from  the  Apotheker- 
gasschen)  contains  the  so-cMei* Fugger  Bath  Rooms,  two  sumptuous 
apartments  in  the  Italian  style  (1570-72),  now  used  for  the  meetings 
and  exhibitions  of  the  Augsburg  Art  Union  (open  Sun.,  Mon.,  Tues., 
10-4;  at  other  times  on  application  to  the  keeper).  Opposite  is  the 
Arsenal  (PI.  C,  4),  an  imposing  edifice  with  a  facade  by  Elias  Holl 
(p.  115  ;  1602).  Above  the  portal,  which  bears  the  inscription  ^pacis 
firmamento,  belli  instrumento\  is  a  bronze  group,  by  lleichel,  of 
St.  Michael  smiting  Satan  (1607). 

At  the  S.  end  of  the  Maximilians-Strasse  are  the  two  churches 
of  St.  TJlrich  (PI.  C,  5),  one  Protestant,  the  other,  the  *Church  of 
St.  Ulrich  and  St.  Afra,  Roman  Catholic.  The  lofty  nave  of  the 
latter  was  erected  in  1467-99,  and  in  1500  the  foundation  of  the 
choir  was  laid  by  Emp.  Maximilian  I.  The  tasteful  pentagonal  porch 
of  the  N.  portal  was  added  in  1881.  The  tower  (305  ft.),  completed 
in  1594,  commands  a  fine  view  (adm.  20  pf.). 

Inteeior  (always  open).  The  nave  and  aisles  are  shut  off  by  a  highly 
elaborate  iron  *Screen,  of  the  16th  cent.,  which  when  seen  from  the  choir 
produces   a   striking  effect  of  perspective.     The  Fugger  Chapel,  between 


Picture  Gallery.  AUGSBURG.  22.  Route,    117 

the  2nd  and  3rd  pillar  on  the  left,  with  its  fine  iron  railing  of  1568, 
contains  the  *Tomb  of  Hans  Fugger  (1589),  a  marble  sarcophagus  with 
recumbent  figure  by  A.  Colins  of  Malines ;  also  an  altar  with  fine  early- 
German  carvings  (14th  cent.),  recently  erected.  In  the  chapel  of  St.  Bar- 
tholomew (left  aisle)  is  a  Roman  sarcophagus,  said  to  be  that  of  St.  Afra. 
The  three  handsome  *Renaissance  altars  date  from  1604.  Below  that 
to  the  right  is  a  vault  with  the  marble  sarcophagus  of  Bishop  Ulrich 
(10th  cent.),  patron  of  the  see  of  Augsburg.  Finely  carved  confessionals  of 
the  beginning  of  the  17th  century.  In  the  nave  is  a  Crucifixion  in  bronze 
by  Reichel  and  Keidhardt,  cast  at  the  beginning  of  the  17th  century. 
The  16th  cent,  paintings  above  the  choir-stalls  represent  the  foundation 
of  the  choir  and  the  procession  of  the  emperor  and  estates. 

To  the  W.  of  the  Hercules  Fountain  opens  the  Katharinen- 
Strasse,  in  which  is  situated  the  ^Picture  Gallery,  in  the  old 
monastery  of  St.  Catharine  [PI.  C,  4;  open  daily  from  9  to  1,  and  for 
strangers  at  other  times ;  fee  1/2"!  '^^i  catalogue  i^j-iJl^  out  of  date). 
The  collection,  founded  in  1836,  consists  of  over  700  paintings 
from  the  suppressed  churches  and  convents  of  Augsburg,  the  con- 
vents of  Kaisheim  and  Schonfeld,  the  Boisser^e  and  Wallersteiu 
cabinets,  and  the  old  galleries  of  Diisseldorf,  Mannheim,  and  Zwei- 
briicken.  It  is  chiefly  interesting  for  its  early  German  masters,  in 
particular  the  works  of  Hans  Holbein  the  Elder  and  H.  Burgkmair, 
whose  names  mark  the  zenith  of  art  in  Augsburg  (beginning  of 
16th  cent.).  Good  photographs  sold  by  the  attendant.  Director, 
Herr  von  Huber. 

Vestibule.  Four  paintings  representing  the  legend  of  St.  Nicholas 
of  Cusa  and  SS.  Jerome  and  Ambrose,  by  a  Tyrolese  Master  of  about  liSO 
(Michael  Hans  Facher  ?).  —  Room  I.  In  the  centre,  marble  bust  of  the 
younger  Holbein  after  his  portrait  of  himself  at  Bale,  executed  by  Lossow. 
16-27.  Cycle  of  paintings  belonging  to  the  old  convent  of  St.  Catharine, 
relating  to  an  indulgence  granted  to  its  inmates ;  the  seven  principal  churches 
of  Rome  are  represented  5  above.  Scenes  from  the  Passion.  16-18.  Holbein 
the  Elder,  Basilica  of  S.  Maria  Maggiore  (1499);  Burgkmair,  19.  Basilica 
of  St.  Peter  (1501),  20-22.  S.  Giovanni  in  Laterano  (1502);  23.  L.  F.  (?), 
SS.  Lorenzo  and  Sebastian  (1502);  24.  Burgkmair,  S.  Croce  (1504);  25-27. 
Holbein  the  Elder,  S.  Paolo  fuori  (ca.  1501);  42,  43.  Wohlgemut,  Ascension 
and  Crucifixion;  Ulrich  Apt,  47-49.  Christ  on  the  Cross  and  the  two  malefac- 
tors, 50,51.  (grisaille)  Annunciation;  52,53.  Burgkmair,  Emperor  Henry  II. 
and  St.  George  (1519);  59.  Qiltlinger  (comp.  p.  116),  Adoration  of  the  Magi; 
*79-82.  Zeitblom,  Legend  of  St.  Valentine;  84-86.  Holbein  the  Elder,  Triptych, 
Transfiguration,  Feeding  of  the  four  thousand,  Healing  of  the  demoniac 
(1502);  87.  The  Same,  Passion.  —  Room  II.  Netherlands  schools.  99.  Aart 
de  Gelder,  Garland;  109.  Schellincks,  Sea-piece;  113.  M.  Stceeris,  Concert; 
103.  G.  Schalcken,  Mocking  of  Christ;  118.  Van  Dijck  (?),  Portrait  of  a  marine 
painter;  97.  Snyders,  Bear-hunt;  121.  Ctiyp,  Pastoral  scene;  143.  Fieter 
Eastman  (teacher  of  Rembrandt),  Ulysses  and  Nausicaa  (1619);  205,  206. 
Van  Dyck,  Sketches  (grisaille)  for  engravings;  169.  Kneller  (after  Van  Dyck), 
Queen  Henrietta  Maria;  164.  Rubens,  Arabs  fighting  with  crocodiles  (studio- 
piece).  —  Room  III.,  chiefly  Italian  artists.  426.  Rosalba  CarHera,  Head 
of  a  child;  424.  S.  Bourdon,  Idyl;  372.  Ribera,  St.  Sebastian;  266.  Millet, 
Classical  landscape.  Second  division:  265.  Tintoretto,  Christ  at  the  house 
of  Mary  and  Martha;  293.  Fr.  Zurbaran,  St.  Francis.  Third  division:  382. 
Jacopo  de"  Barbari,  Still -life  (1504);  =388.  Parmigianino,  Madonna  and 
Child,  with  a  monk  ;  383.  Imitator  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Head  of  a  girl ; 
287.  Gian  Fielrino,  3Iary  Magdalen.  Fourth  division:  304.  J.  A.  Koch,  St. 
George  and  the  dragon,  in  a  heroic  landscape.  Last  wall :  271.  Fr.  Torbido, 
Transfiguration.  —  In  the  five  Cabinets  are  many  excellent  small  pictures. 
I.  538.  Adr.  van  Ostade,  Portrait  of  himself;  631.  Jan  van  0«,  Flowers.  — 


118   Route  23.  NEUMARKT. 

II.  548.  /.  van  Ostade,  Peasant's  hut;  *120.  Jan  Steen,  Merry  party;  635. 
B.  Cuyp,  Circumcision  of  Christ.  —  III.  601.  Hobbema,  Sylvan  path;  623. 
Philip  Wouwerman,  Hawking:  100,  569,  584,  *586.  Van  Goyen^  Landscapes; 
b^b.  Pynacker  ^  A  wanderer;  628.  Poelenburg,  Waterfall.  —  IV.  13.  Cranach 
the  Elder,  Pharaoh  and  his  host  overwhelmed  in  the  Red  Sea;  *44-46. 
Burffkmair,  Christ  on  the  Cross  and  the  two  malefactors  (1619)-,  no  number, 
B.  Strigel,  Isaiah  and  Zachariah ;  "^2.  Altdovfer,  Angel-choirs  in  a  church, 
with  the  Holy  Family  in  front.  —  V.  Holbein  the  Elder,  674.  Legend  of 
St.  Ulrich;  676.  Beheading  of  St.  Catharine  (1512);  638-6S5,  Crucifixion, 
Descent  from  the  Cross,  Entombment;  6-8.  Burgkmair,  Christ  and  Mary 
enthroned,  with  saints  (1507) ;  673,675.  Holbein  the  Elder,  Madonna,  St.  Anna, 
and  the  Infant  Christ,  Crucifixion  of  St.  Peter;  Dilrer,  668,  Virgin  with  the 
pink  (1516),  669.  The  Virgin  as  mediatrix  (1497);  -696.  Barthel  Beham, 
Portrait  (1535) ;  672.  North  German  Master  of  about  1520,  Portrait  of  a  woman. 

The  new  W.  quarters  near  the  railway-station  (comp.  p.  114) 
contain  several  handsome  buildings:  in  the  Fugger-Strasse  the 
Courts  of  Law  (PI.  B,  4;  built  1871-75)  and  the  Theatre  [PI.  B,  3  ; 
built  1876-77);  in  the  Schazler-Strasse  the  Municipal  Library 
(PI.  B,  3,  4;  built  1893),  with  upwards  of  150,000  toIs.  ;  and  in 
the  Halder-Strasse  the  Gymnastic  Hall  and  the  Corn  Market  (PL  B,  4). 

On  the  E.  side  of  the  town  extends  the  public  Parfc ,  at  the 
upper  end  of  which  are  the  large  water-works  in  the  Lech  called 
the  'Ablass',  for  conveying  water  to  the  town  (*  Restaurant).  Ad- 
jacent are  the  Water  Works  for  supplying  the  town  with  drinking- 
water.  —  In  the  Wertach-Thal,  2\'2  ^-  to  t^6  S.W.  (tramway,  see 
p.  113),  is  Goggingen  (Dr.  Hessing's  Curanstalt),  with  a  palm- 
house,  summer- theatre,  concerts,  etc. 

From  Augsburg  to  Munich,  see  R.  26. 

23.  From  Nuremberg  to  Eatisbon. 

62  M.  Railway  in  2V4-53/4  hrs.  (fares  9  Ji  30,  6  M  60,  or  8  Jl  10,  5  Jl  40, 
3  Jif  50  pf.).  —  From  Nuremberg  to  Ratisbon  by  Schwandorf,  see  R.  41  and 
p.  134 ;  from  Ratisbon  to  Linz,  see  R.  42. 

Nuremberg,  see  p.  95.  The  line  at  first  runs  through  wood.  2  M. 
Dutzendteich  (*Restaurant  Dutzendteich ;  *Waldlust),  a  favourite 
resort  of  the  Nurembergers  (tramway  to  Nuremberg,  see  p.  96).  At 
(71/2  M.)  Feucht  branch -lines  diverge  E.  to  Altdorf,  and  W.  to 
Wendelstein.  From  (10  M.)  Ochenbruck,  a  pleasant  walk  into  the 
romantic  Schwarzach-Thal,  IV2  M.  to  the  W.,  by  Schwarzenbruck. 
I6Y2  M.   Postbauer,    The  line  crosses  the  Ludwigs-Canal. 

221/2  M.  Neumarkt  in  der  Oberpfalz  (1385  ft.;  Cans;  Egner, 
near  the  station),  a  prettily-situated  town  of  5080  inhab.,  on  the 
Sulz,  with  chalybeate  and  sulphureous  springs.  Observe  the  Gothic 
Church  and  the  15th  cent.  Rathhaus.  The  Schloss  contains  the  law- 
courts.  Fine  views  from  the  (1  M.)  Mariahilfberg  (1918  ft.)  and 
the  (3  M.)  ruins  of  Wolfstein  (1905  ft.).  —  Branch-lines  to  Frey- 
stadt  and  Beilngries. 

The  line  traverses  the  broad  Sulzthal  and  enters  a  wooded  and 
hilly  region.  Beyond  (29  M.)  Deining  it  crosses  the  Laber  near 
its  source.    35  M.  Seubersdorf;  391/2  M.   Parsberg,  picturesquely 


"^   Schwandin-f  \ 


I 


RATISBON.  23.  Route.    119 

situated  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  which  is  crowned  by  an  old  chateau, 
now  the  district  tribunal.  The  church  contains  a  late-Gothic  font 
of  the  15th  century.    43  M.  Mausheim. 

Near  (46  M.)  Beratzhausen  the  train  enters  the  valley  of  the 
Schwarze  Later ^  wild  and  romantic  at  places,  passes  Laber^  Deuerling, 
di.nd  Eichho  fen,  describes  a  wide  circuit  towards  the  E.,  and  enters  the 
pleasant  A"a6f/iai.  Near  (SGMjEtierz/iawsen,  much  visited  fromRatis- 
bon,  is  the  ^Robbers'  Cave\  a  lofty  dome-shaped  cavern  in  the  rock. 

The  line  follows  the  slope  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nab, 
crosses  the  Danube  near  (60  M.)  Priifening,  above  the  influx  of 
the  Nab,  and  reaches  — 

62  M.  Batiajbon.  —  Hotels.  Goldenes  Kkedz  (PI.  a;  B,  2),  Haidplatz, 
R.,  L.,  &  A,  2-3,  B,  1,  D.  3^;  *Gkunek  Kkanz  (PI.  d;  C,  8),  Obermiinster- 
Str.,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  IV2-2V2,  D-  21/2^,-  'Maximiliax  (PL  C5  D,  4),  near  the 
station,  with  restaurant  and  garden;  'National  (PI.  e;  D,  4),  'Weidem- 
HOF  (R.  1  Jif  20  pf. -2  J(),  AcHNEi:,  *Kabmelitenbrad,  all  in  the  Maximilian- 
Str. ;  Weissek  Hahn  (PI.  d;  D,  2),  near  the  bridge. 

Restaurants.  "Rail.  Restaurant ;  *Ma.Timilian.,  near  the  station,  with 
concert -garden;  Neues  Bans,  Bismarck  -  Platz  ;  Cafd  -  Restaurant  Central, 
Pfauengasse ;  Weisse  Lilie,  near  the  station ;  Guldengarten,  outside  the 
Jakobsthor;  Wurstkuche,  quaint,  below  the  bridge  (open  6-11  a.m.).  — 
Schillfisch  and  Scheidfisch,  or  Waller,  are  good  kinds  of  fish. 

Wine.  Diem,  Ludwig-Str.;  Monii,  Plauengasse,  beside  the  cathedral.  — 
Beer.  At  the  Bischofshof,  Domplatz;  Obermilnsterbrauerei.  Obermiinster- 
Str.;  Weisses  Brduhaus,  Schwarze  Baren-Str. ;  Jesuitenbrau,  Obermiinster- 
gasse;  Karmelitenbrdu  and  Hochsteller,  Maximilian-Str. ;  Pfaller,  Ludwigs- 
Str. ;    at  the  Kathavinenspital,   in  Stadt-am-Hof,   to  the  left  of  the  bridge. 

Post  Office  at  the  station  and  in  the  Dom-Platz.  —  Telegraph  Office, 
Neupfarr-Platz. 

Cabs.  To  or  from  the  station,  one-horse  cab  (1-2  pers.)  60.  two- 
horse  80  pf.  (3-4  pers.  1  J()\  in  the  town,  one-horse  cab,  »/•»  ^r.  60  pf., 
1/2  hr.  1  Jf,  two-horse  i  J(  or  2  Ji.  To  the  Walhalla,  one-horse,  1-2  pers. 
5  Jt,  3  pers.  5^/2  JI-,  two-horse,  1-2  pers.  b^/z  Ji  3-4  pers.  6'/2.  b  -perB.!  J(. 
(The  hirer  should  insist  on  being  driven  up  to  the  Walhalla,  as  the 
drivers  are  apt  to  stop  at  the  foot  of  the  hill.) 

Steam  Tramway  from  Stadt  am  Hof  (p.  124)  to  Donaustavf,  b^/->  J(.  in 
35  min. ;  fare  75  or  45  pf.,  return  i  J(  iO  pf.  or  75  pf. ;  it  starts  close  to 
the  bridge  on  the  left  bank,  10  min.  from  the  railway-station. 

Steamboat  to  Donaustauf  (Walhalla)  from  the  Untere  Wohrd  by  the 
lower  bridge  (PI.  D,  2),  in  July  and  Aug.  thrice;  in  June.  Sept.,  and 
Oct.  twice  daily  in  1/2  hr.  (back  in  l-iV*  hr.);  return-fare  1st  cl.  1  uJf  20  pL, 
2nd  cl.  80  pf. 

Baths.  Otto-Bad,  Keppler-Str.  and  Fischmarkt.  —  River-baths  (20  pf.) 
at  the  Obere  and  the  Untere  Wohrd. 

Ratisbon,  Germ.  Regensburg  (1115  ft.),  situated  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Danube  and  Regen,  with  37,936  inhab.  (6000  Prot.), 
the  Castra  Regina  of  the  Romans,  the  Celtic  Ratisbona,  and  since 
the  8th  cent,  the  seat  of  an  episcopal  see  founded  by  St.  Boniface, 
was  from  the  11th  to  the  15th  cent,  one  of  the  most  flourishing 
and  populous  cities  of  S.  Germany.  At  an  early  period  it  was  a  free 
town  of  the  Empire,  and  from  1663  to  1806  the  permanent  seat  of 
the  Imperial  Diet.  By  the  Peace  of  Luneville  it  was  adjudged  to 
the  Primate  Dalberg ;  and  in  1810  it  became  Bavarian,  after  the 
disastrous  defeat  of  the  Austrians  beneath  its  walls  the  preceding 
year,  when  part  of  the  town  had  been  reduced  to  ashes. 


120   Route  23.  RATISBON.  Cathedral. 

Some  of  the  numerous  mediaeval  houses  still  retain  the  armorial 
bearings  of  their  ancient  owners,  and  several  still  possess  their 
towers  of  defence,  a  reminiscence  of  early  German  civic  life  now 
preserved  at  Ratisbon  alone.  Of  these  the  Goldene  Thurm  in  the 
Wahlen-Strasse  is  the  most  conspicuous,  near  which,  in  the  Wat- 
markt,  is  a  tower  with  a  relief  said  to  be  a  portrait  of  Emp.  Henry  I. 
Observe  also  the  Ooliath,  the  ancestral  seat  of  the  powerful  Thun- 
dorffer  family,  opposite  the  bridge,  restored  in  1883  ;  the  so-called 
Rdmerthurm,  adjoining  the  ancient  'Herzogsburg'  in  the  Kornmarkt; 
and  the  tower  of  the  'Golden  Cross'  hotel.  Ratisbon  is  one  of  the 
earliest  homes  of  art  in  Germany,  and  so  far  back  as  the  late  Carlo- 
vingian  period  possessed  many  interesting  buildings. 

Of  Roman  Buildings  there  are  still  a  few  relics.  Thus  the  remains 
of  the  Porta  Praetoria  in  the  street  'Unter  den  Schwihbogen",  opposite 
No.  F,  112,  on  the  K.  side  of  the  Bischofshof  (PI.  D,  2).  Parts  of  the  old 
Roman  vsralls  were  foxmd  during  building  operations,  but  have  been  covered 
in  again.  The  foundations  of  a  Roman  building  to  the  S.  of  the  railway- 
station  v?ere  excavated  in  1885.  During  the  construction  of  the  railway- 
station  in  1870-74  a  large  Roman  and  Merovingian  burial-ground  was 
discovered 5  the  objects  found  there  are  now  in  the  Roman  museum  in 
St.  Ulrich's  (p.  121). 

The  *Cathedral  (PI.  D,  2)  of  St.  Peter  was  begun  by  Bishop  Leo 
Thundorffer  on  the  site  of  an  earlier  edifice  in  1275,  and  completed 
during  the  following  centuries  (down  to  1534),  with  the  exception 
of  the  towers.  The  symmetrical  proportions  of  the  interior  recall 
Strassburg  Cathedral.  Peculiarities  of  construction  are  that  the 
transept  does  not  project  beyond  the  sides  of  the  aisles  ,  and  that 
the  choir  is  destitute  of  the  ambulatory  and  chapels  usual  in  Gothic 
churches.  The  "W.  facade,  with  the  chief  portal  and  a  curious 
triangular  *Porch,  is  of  the  15th  century,  A  gallery,  with  open  stone 
balustrade,  is  carried  round  the  roof,  and  affords  a  good  survey  of 
the  town.  On  the  N.  side  of  the  transept  rises  the  Eselsthurm,  or 
Asses'  Tower,  containing  a  winding  inclined  plane.  The  elegant  open 
*Towers  were  completed  in  1859-69  by  Denzinger ;  and  a  slender 
wooden  spire,  coated  with  zinc,  has  been  raised  above  the  centre 
of  the  transept.  Length  of  interior  306  ft.,  breadth  125  ft. ;  nave 
132  ft.  high.  (Admission  5-10  a.m.;  the  sacristan's  house  is  Dom- 
garten,  F,  125,  at  the  back  of  the  choir;  enter  by  the  gate  on  the 
S.  side.) 

Interior.  The  nave  contains  a  monument  in  bronze  erected  in  1598 
to  Bishop  Philip  William,  Duke  of  Bavaria.  In  a  niche  in  the  N.  aisle, 
partly  concealed  from  view,  is  the  monument  of  the  Primate  Prince  Dal- 
berg  (d,  1817),  designed  by  Canova,  and  executed  in  white  marble.  On 
the  N.  side  of  the  choir  the  ^Monument  of  Margaretha  Tucher  in  bronze, 
by  P.  Vischer  (1521),  representing  Christ  with  the  sisters  of  Lazarus.  On 
the  opposite  wall  of  the  choir  is  a  marble  relief  in  memory  of  Bishop 
Herberstein  (d.  1663),  representing  Christ  feeding  the  five  thousand.  Ad- 
jacent, the  altar- tomb  of  Bishop  Wittmann  (d.  1833).  The  high -altar, 
presented  in  1785  by  the  Prince-Bishop  Count  Fugger,  is  entirely  of  silver ; 
adjoining  it  is  the  elegant  *Ciborium,  56  ft,  in  height,  with  numerous 
statuettes,  partly  executed  by  Roritzer  in  1493.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  choir 
are  two  other  modern  monuments  to  bishops,  by  Eberhard  \  near  them  a 
well  66  ft.  in  depth,  with  an  elegant  covering  sculptured  in  stone,  executed 


Rathhaus,  RATISBON.  23.  Route.   121 

in  1501  by  the  cathedral-architect  Wolfgang  Roritzer,  who  was  beheaded 
in  1514,  for  'rebellion  against  the  imperial  authority'.  The  aisles  contain 
five  altars  with  handsome  Gothic  canopies  and  modern  pictures.  The  finest 
of  these  is  in  the  N.  aisle,  with  statues  of  Emp.  Frederick  II.  and  the 
Empress  Cunigunde.  Late-Gothic  pulpit  of  1482.  An  elegant  open  gallery 
runs  round  the  interior  of  the  church  below  the  windows.  The  treasury 
contains  old  and  costly  crucifixes,  reliquaries,  and  other  valuables. 

The  "Cloisters  on  the  N.  side  of  the  cathedral  are  shown  by  the  sacris- 
tan. The  central  hall  contains  beautifully  -  sculptured  windows  of  the 
16th  cent.  \  the  pavement  is  formed  by  the  tombstones  of  canons  and  patri- 
cians of  Ratisbon.  Adjoining  this  hall  on  the  E.  is  the  Romanesque  All 
Saints''  Chapel,  erected  in  1164,  with  the  remains  of  early  frescoes  and  an 
interesting  antique  altar.  On  the  N.  side  of  the  cloisters  is  the  Old  Cathedral 
{St.  Stephen''s),  a  very  early  building  in  the  circular  style,  with  four  re- 
cesses in  the  sides.  The  altar  in  the  apse,  a  block  of  stone  partly  hol- 
lowed out,  with  elegant  little  round-arched  windows,  in  which  relics  are 
said  once  to  have  been  kept,  is  evidently  of  great  antiquity. 

Just  beyond  the  cathedral  is  St.  TJlrich,  or  the  Alte  Pfarre,  a 
curious  but  elegant  church  in  the  transition-style  of  the  first  half 
of  the  13th  century.  It  now  contains  the  older  collections  of  the 
Historical  Society  (see  below),  prehistoric  and  Roman ,  including 
several  sarcophagi  and  over  thirty  inscriptions.  The  gallery  contains 
the  bronzes  and  other  smaller  antiquities  [adm.  daily  8-6,  50  pf. , 
Sun.  9-12,  20  pf.;  catalogue  30  pf.).  —  To  the  N.E.,  beyond  the 
cathedral-garden,  lies  the  church  of  Niedermiinster,  of  early  found- 
ation but  entirely  rebuilt  in  the  baroque  style.  Adjoining  is  the 
Bishops'  Palace^  occupying  part  of  the  old  convent  of  St.  Erhard. 
The  interesting  little  Crypt  of  St.  Erhard,  in  the  Niedermiinstergasse, 
behind  the  church,  dates  from  the  11th  century.  In  the  Kall- 
miinzergasse  is  the  handsome  new  Roman  Catholic  Vereinshaus 
St.  Erhard,  with  a  fine  Gothic  hall  ('Dollinger- Saaf)  On  the 
upper  floor  are  the  archives,  library,  coins,  drawings,  seals,  weapons, 
pictures,  etc.,  belonging  to  the  HiHorical  Society  (adm.  on  appli- 
cation to  the  custodian  in  St.  Ulrich's  church). 

In  the  Old  Kobnmarkt  (now  the  Moltke-Platz ;  PI.  D,  3),  to  the 
S.E.  of  the  cathedral,  are  the  Herzogshof  (now  the  Forestry  bureau) 
and  the  Romerthurm  or  Heidenthurm  (p.  118).  On  the  S.  side  is  the 
Alte  Kapelle,  originally  a  Romanesque  church  with  a  Gothic  choir, 
restored  in  the  18th  cent,  in  the  baroque  style.  Opposite,  to  the  K., 
is  the  little  Karmelitenkirche  (1641-60),  in  the  Ital.  baroque  style. 
On  the  Minoriten-Platz  rises  the  Gothic  Minor itenkirche,  built  early 
in  the  14th  cent.,  with  a  fine  lofty  choir.  Part  of  it  is  now  a  military 
gymnasium,  and  the  adjacent  monastery  is  now  a  barrack. 

From  the  cathedral  we  pass  through  the  Kramgasse  to  the  W. 
to  the  Kathhaus  (PL  C,  2),  a  gloomy,  irregular  pile,  partly  erected 
in  the  14th  cent,  and  partly  after  1660.  The  Imperial  Diet  met  here 
from  1663  to  1806.  Observe  the  facade  towards  the  Rathhaus-Platz, 
with  an  elegant  bow-window  and  a  fine  portal.  Cards  of  admission 
at  the  police  guard-room  (50  pf.  each). 

The  great  Imperial  Hall  contains  what  is  groundlessly  called  the  im- 
perial throne,  covered   with   leather  and   studded   with    brass  nails.     The 


122   Route  23.  RATISBON.  St.  Emmeram. 

walls  are  hung  with  tapestry.  The  stained-glass  windows  exhibit  the  ar- 
morial bearings  of  Emperors  Charles  V.  and  Matthias.  In  the  Fiirsten- 
kollegium  is  preserved  tapestry  of  the  14-15th  cent. :  .^neas  and  Dido, 
Coronation  of  Esther,  Contest  of  the  virtues  and  the  vices;  also  embroidery 
of  the  same  period  ('the  heart's  joys  and  sorrows');  tapestry  of  the  15-17th 
cent,  (mythological  and  hunting  scenes).  The  Nebenzimmer  (entrance  under 
the  gallery  of  the  Imperial  Hall)  contains  old  flags,  portraits,  views  of  Ra- 
tisbon  (1725)  and  Nuremberg  (1637),  etc.  In  the  Model  Room  are  eighty- 
eight  models  of  buildings  in  Ratisbon,  antiquities,  etc.  Subterranean  dun- 
geons aud  a  torture-chamber  are  also  shown. 

Farther  to  the  W.  is  the  Haibplatz  (PI.  C,  2),  in  which  is  the  hotel 
^Zum  Goldnen  Kreuz'  (PL  a).  The  massive  tower  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
hotel  bears  a  medallion-portrait  of  Don  John  of  Austria  (modern). 

This  celebrated  general,  a  natural  son  of  the  Emp.  Charles  V.  and 
the  beautiful  Barbara  Blumberger,  was  born  at  Ratisbon  on  25th  Feb., 
1547.  The  Emperor  lodged,  during  the  Diet  of  1546,  at  the  'Golden  Cross', 
then  the  house  of  Bernard  Kraft  auf  der  Haid,  but  that  Don  John  was 
born  here  is  a  fiction. 

Going  hence  through  the  Ludwig-Str.  to  the  Arnulf-Platz,  and 
turning  to  the  left,  past  the  Neue  Haus  with  the  Theatre  (PI.  B,  2), 
we  reach  the  church  of  the  old  Benedictine  Abbey  of  St.  Jakob,  usually 
called  the  Schottenkirche  (PI.  B,  3),  the  abbey  having  originally 
belonged  to  Scottish  or  Irish  monks.  The  famous  Romanesque  portal 
is  adorned  with  curious  sculptured  figures  of  men  and  animals,  per- 
haps symbolical  of  the  victory  of  Christianity  over  paganism.  The 
church,  a  Romanesque  basilica  of  the  latter  half  of  the  12th  cent., 
containing  columns  with  interesting  old  capitals,  has  lately  been 
restored.  The  old  monastery  is  now  a  seminary  for  priests.  —  In 
the  vicinity,  outside  the  Jakobsthor,  is  a  Gothic  Column  of  1459 
with  scriptural  scenes  and  statues  of  saints,  restored  in  1855. 

To  the  E.  of  the  Jakobskirche  is  the  Bismakck-Platz  (PI.  B,  3), 
with  pleasure-grounds,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  which  rises  the  large 
Gothic  Dominikanerkirche.  The  Gesandten-Str.  (PI.  B,  C,  3),  with 
its  handsome  houses,  leads  straight  on  to  the  E.  to  the  Neupfarr- 
Platz,  passing  the  Prot.  Dreieinigkeitskirche.  In  the  adjoining  court 
a  number  of  interesting  tombstones  are  built  into  the  wall.  Farther 
on  the  house  of  Herr  Schwarz  (C,  93)  contains  the  Collections  of 
the  Natural  History  Society  (adm.  on  the  1st  and  3rd  Sun.  of  each 
month,  10-12). 

The  Bereiterweg  leads  to  the  S.  from  the  Bismarck-Platz,  passing 
the  Prdsidialgebdude  (PI.  4),  on  the  right,  and  the  Old  Gymnasium 
(PI.  3),  on  the  left,  to  the  iEaiDiBN-PLATZ  (PI.  B,  3),  where  are 
situated  the  Rom.  Cath.  Krankenhaus  and  the  Gothic  Aegidienkirche 
(13th  cent.),  recently  restored.  The  Marschall-Str.  to  the  left  leads 
thence  past  the  Regierungsgebdude  to  the  Emmeeams-Platz  (PI.  C,  3), 
embellished  with  a  statue  of  Bishop  Joh.  Mich.  Sailer  (d.  1832),  in 
bronze,  by  Widnmann,  erected  by  Ludwig  I.  in  1868. 

The  old  Benedictine  Abbey  of  St.  Emmeram  (PI.  C,  3,  4),  one  of 
the  oldest  in  Germany,  was  founded  in  the  7th  cent.,  and  suppressed 
in  1803.  The  Romanesque  church,  with  two  choirs  and  a  crypt, 
dates  from  the  11th  cent.,  and  was  restored  early  in  last  century  in 


Obermumter.  RATISBON.  23.  Route.    123 

a  degraded  style.    (The  sacristan's  house  is  to  the  right  of  the 
church,  C,  152.) 

The  entrance  is  from  the  Emmerams-Platz ,  through  a  double  door, 
above  which  are  faded  frescoes.  Between  the  doors  is  a  relief  of  Christ 
bearing  the  Cross  (1511).  On  the  wall  to  the  right  are  blind  arches  resting 
upon  columns;  to  the  left  in  the  garden  is  the  isolated  church-tower, 
adorned  with  statues  (16th  cent.).  The  porch  adjoining  the  church-door  con- 
tains an  ancient  stone  seat ,  known  as  the  BeimHchs  Stuhl,  because  the 
Emp.  Henry  II.  is  supposed  to  have  sat  upon  it.  On  the  wall  to  the  right 
is  the  tombstone  of  the  historian  Aventin  (d.  1534).  The  principal  altar- 
piece  is  a  painting  by  Sandrart  (1666),  the  martyrdom  of  St.  Emmeram; 
in  the  pavement  in  front  of  the  altar  a  slab  bearing  the  imperial  crown 
denotes  the  tombs  of  Emp.  Arnulph  (d.  899)  and  Emp.  Lewis  the  Child 
(d.  911).  The  aisles  contain  some  interesting  ancient  sculptures;  in  the 
left  aisle:  monuments  of  Empress  Uta,  wife  of  Arnulph  (13th  cent.);  Count 
Warmund  von  Wasserburg  (d.  1010);  Dukes  Arnulph  (d.  937)  and  Henry 
(d.  995)  of  Bavaria;  and  St.  Aurelia  (d.  1027),  daughter  of  Hugh  Capet, 
erected  in  1335.  This  aisle  also  contains  the  altar  of  the  martyred  Maxi- 
mianus,  with  his  relics ;  and  a  cabinet  (opened  by  the  sacristan)  with  relics 
of  SS.  Emmeram  and  Wolfgang,  reliquaries,  ecclesiastical  antiquities,  etc. 
In  the  right  aisle:  monuments  of  St.  Wolfgang  (d.  994;  beneath  an  iron 
grating),  Bishop  Tuto,  chancellor  under  Arnulph,  and  St.  Emmeram;  also 
the  altar  of  St.  Calcedonius  with  his  relics.  In  the  vaulted  treasury  are 
a  handsome  sarcophagus,  hewn  at  Ratisbon  in  1423  and  containing  the 
relics  of  St.  Emmeram,  and  other  curiosities.  Below  the  W.  choir  is  a 
crypt  of  the  year  1052,  restored  in  1878. 

The  fine  old  Cloisters  on  the  S.  side  of  the  church  (13th  and 
14th  cent.)  are  enclosed  by  the  extensive  abbey-buildings,  which 
have  been  the  residence  of  the  Princes  of  Thurn  and  Taxis  since 
1812.  The  way  to  the  cloisters  (open  daily,  11-12)  is  to  the  right 
of  the  church,  past  the  Reitbahn,  or  riding-school  (with  sculptures 
by  Schwanthaler);  then  through  a  portal  to  the  left  into  the  large 
court  with  the  old  Kaiserbrunnen  (with  figure  said  to  represent 
Emp.  Arnulph);  and  again  to  the  left  to  a  door  with  a  glass  roof, 
where  we  find  the  porter  (fee).  In  the  centre  of  the  cloisters  is  the 
modern  Chapel,  adorned  with  stained 'glass ;  in  the  choir  is  a  statue 
of  Christ  by  Dannecker  (p.  11);  the  crypt  contains  the  family  burial- 
vault.  At  the  end  of  the  E.  wing  of  the  cloisters  is  a  fine  iron  gate, 
said  to  date  from  the  11th  century. 

The  adjacent  abbey-church  of  Obermunster  (PI.  C,  3),  an  11th 
cent,  basilica  resembling  St.  Emmeram's,  contains  some  old  frescoes 
and  tombs.  The  convent  is  now  an  episcopal  school  for  boys.  — 
We  may  return  hence  to  the  cathedral  via  the  Neupfarr-Platz, 
to  the  N.,  in  which  is  the  Prot.  Neupfarrkirche. 

Outside  the  Petersthor  (PI.  D,  4;  now  pulled  down),  in  the  An- 
lagen,  or  pleasure-grounds,  laid  out  on  the  site  of  the  old  ramparts, 
is  the  Prediger-Sdule,  or  'preacher's  column',  with  reliefs  of  the  13tli 
or  14th  cent,  (restored  in  1858).  In  the  vicinity  is  a  small  circular 
temple,  erected  in  1808,  with  a  bust  of  Kepler,  the  astronomer, 
who  died  here  in  1630  whilst  on  a  journey.  The  Anlagen  contain 
several  other  monuments.  The  Royal  Villa  in  the  Gothic  style,  on 
an  old  bastion  at  the  lower  end  of  the  town,  near  the  Ostenthor 
(PI.  E,  2),  commands  an  extensive  view. 


124    Route  23.  RATISBON. 

A  stone  bridge  over  the  Danube,  380  yds.  in  length,  built  in 
the  12th  cent.,  connects  Ratisbon  with  Stadt  am  Hof,  a  suburb  on 
the  opposite  bank,  which  was  almost  entirely  burned  down  by  the 
Austrians  in  1809.  Below  Stadt  am  Hof  the  Regen  empties  its  tur- 
bid water  into  the  Danube. 

Pleasant  walk  through  Stadt  am  Hof  to  the  Dreifaltigkeitsberg  and  the 
(3/4  hr.)  Seidenplanfage  (Restaurant;  fine  view,  best  by  evening  light). 

To  THE  Walhalla,  a  most  attractive  excursion :  there  and  back 
in  aboutShrs.  [steam-tramway,  steamboat,  or  carriage,  seep.  119). 
The  Walhalla-Bahx  traverses  Stadt  am  Hof,  crosses  the  Regen, 
and  intersects  the  railway  (p.  134;  passenger-station)  at  the  station 
of  Walhalla-Strasse.  Thence  it  crosses  the  plain  of  the  Danube, 
via  Schwabelweis  and  Tegernheim,  to  (62/4  M.)  Donaustauf  or  Stauf 
(1068  ft. ;  Restaurant  zur  Walhalla,  at  the  upper  end).  On  a  lime- 
stone rock  above  the  long  village  rise  the  ruins  of  the  castle  of  Stauf 
(1385  ft.),  destroyed  by  the  Swedes  in  1634,  'svith  pleasure-grounds 
(view  finer  than  from  the  Walhalla). 

Two  routes  ascend  from  the  upper  end  of  Donaustauf  to  the  (20-25  min.) 
Walhalla;  one  immediately  to  the  left  (at  first  a  carriage-road,  then  as- 
cending steps  and  by  a  footpath  to  the  right,  past  the  house  of  the  custo- 
dian), approaching  the  Walhalla  from  the  back,  and  preferable  for  the 
view  suddenly  disclosed.  The  other,  a  footpath,  ascends  direct  to  the 
grand  flight  of  250  steps  by  which  the  edifice  is  approached  from  the 
Danube.  The  sculptures  in  the  S.  tympanum  are  only  seen  to  advantage 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  flight.  The  best  general  view  is  obtained 
from  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Danube.  —  Travellers  arriving  by  steamer 
do  not  enter  the  village,  but  follow  the  first  road  to  the  right,  and  then 
either  ascend  to  the  left  through  the  grounds  to  the  route  first  described, 
or  go  on  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  to  the  flight  of  steps. 

The  *Walhalla  {i.e.  'Hall  of  the  Chosen',  the  Paradise  of  the  an- 
cient Germanic  tribes),  a  German  'Temple  of  Fame',  stands  very  con- 
spicuously on  a  hill  planted  with  oaks  and  laid  out  with  walks, 
280  ft.  above  the  Danube  (1348  ft.  above  the  sea-level).  This 
magnificent  edifice,  founded  by  King  Lewis  I.  in  1830,  and  designed 
hy  Klenze,  was  completed  in  1842.  Admission  daily  from  April  1st 
to  Sept.  1st,  8-12  and  1-7;  in  March  and  Sept.  8-12  and  1-6,  in 
Oct.  8-12  and  1-5;  other  months  9-12  and  1-4  (free). 

The  Exterior  (246  ft.  long,  115  ft.  broad),  surrounded  by  fifty-two 
fluted  columns,  a  fine  example  of  the  purest  Doric  order, 'closely  re- 
sembling the  Parthenon  at  Athens,  is  massively  constructed  of  unpolished 
grey  marble  (most  of  it  quarried  at  the  Untersberg;  some  of  the  blocks 
about  fifteen  tons  in  weight).  The  Pediments  both  in  front  and  at  the 
back  contain  groups  in  marble:  S.,  towards  the  Danube,  Germania,  re- 
gaining her  liberty  after  the  battle  of  Leipsic;  N.  the  'Hermannschlacht', 
or  Battle  of  Arminius,  both  by  Schwanthaler  (d.  1848).  The  roof  is  of  iron, 
covered  with  plates  of  copper. 

The  Interior  ,  of  the  Ionic  order,  consists  of  a  superb  hall  180  ft.  long, 
50  ft.  broad,  and  56  ft.  high,  with  richly  decorated  and  gilded  ceiling,  and 
lighted  from  above.  The  pavement  is  of  marble-mosaic.  The  lateral  walls 
are  divided  into  six  sections  by  means  of  projecting  buttresses,  two  on  each 
side,  and  are  lined  with  marble.  The  beams  of  the  ceiling  are  supported 
by  14  painted  Walkyries  (warrior-virgins  of  the  ancient  German  Paradise), 
by  Schwanthaler.  Around  the  entire  hall  runs  a  frieze,  executed  by  Wagner .^ 
representing  in  8  sections  the  history  and  life  of  the  Germanic  race  down 
to    the   introduction    of   Christianitv.'     Above    the    cornice    are    64   marble 


KELHEIM.  24.  Route.    125 

tablets  bearing  the  names  of  famous  Germans  of  whom  no  portrait  could 
be  obtained.  The  busts  are  arranged  chronologically  (beginning  on  the 
left  side  by  the  entrance)  in  groups,  separated  by  six  admirable  "'Victokies 
by  Ranch  (the  finest  of  which  is  that  in  the  middle  of  the  left  side).  At 
the  farther  extremity  is  the  'opisthodomos',  separated  from  the  principal 
hall  by  two  Ionic  columns;  in  front  of  it  is  a  seated  marble  statue  of 
King  Lewis  I.,  by  F.  von  Wilier  (1890).  The  general  efl'ect  of  the  interior 
is  grand  and  impressive,  although  the  association  of  classical  Greek  arch- 
itecture with  an  ancient  barbarian  Paradise  and  modern  German  celeb- 
rities may  appear  somewhat  incongruous.  —  The  *Bcsts,  101  in  number, 
represent  celebrated  Germans  who  were  deemed  worthy  by  the  illustrious 
founder  to  grace  his  temple  of  fame.  Among  them  are  the  emperors  Henry 
the  Fowler,  Fred.  Barbarossa,  and  Rudolph  of  Hapsburg;  also  Gutenberg, 
Diirer,  Luther,  Wallenstein,  Fred,  the  Great,  Bliicher,  Schwarzenberg,  and 
Radetzky;  Lessing,  Mozart,  Beethoven,  Kant,  Schiller,  Goethe,  etc. 

*Viewofthe  dark  slopes  of  the  Bavarian  Forest ;  below  flows 
the  Danube ;  beyond  it  the  fertile  plain  of  Straubing;  right,  Donau- 
stauf  and  Ratisbon ;   left,   in  clear  weather,  the  snow-capped  Alps. 

From  Eatisbon  to  the  *'Befreiung$halle^  at  Kelheim,  see  below. 

24.    From  Ratisbon  to  Donauworth  (and  Augsburg). 

Railway  to  (18'/2  M.)  Kelheim,  I-IV2  hr.  (fares  2  .Jf  30,  1  Ji  70,  1  Jl 
5  pf.)-,  to  (46  M.)  Ingolstadt,  2V2-3  hrs.  (fares  6  Jl,  4  Jl,  2  Ji  60  pf.);  to 
(781/2  M.)  Doncmworth,  4-6  hrs.  (fares  10  JI  30,  6  U(f  90,  4  Ji  50  pf.) ;  to 
(87V2  M.)  Augsburg,  5  hrs.  (fares  11  Ji-  30,  7  Ji  50,  4  ^  80  pf.). 

The  line  passes  under  the  Nuremberg  and  Ratisbon  railway 
at  (2M.')Prufening  (p.  119)  and  crosses  the  Danube,  which  is  here 
flanked  by  the  spurs  of  the  Franconian  Jura.  4  M.  Sinzing,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Schwarze  Laber  (branch-line  to  Ailing,  with  large 
paper-mills).  Then  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube;  pretty  scen- 
ery.' Opposite  (9  M.)  Gundelshausen  lies  Oberndorf,  where  Count 
Palatine  Otho  of  Wittelsbach,  the  murderer  of  the  German  Emperor 
Philip  (p.  78),  was  overtaken  and  slain  in  1208.  Farther  on  is 
Abbach  (*Curhaus),  the  birthplace  of  Emp.  Henry  the  Saint  (972), 
with  sulphur-baths,  a  new  church,  and  a  ruined  castle.  We  then 
cross  the  Danube  to  (12  M.)  Abbach;  the  station  is  2  M,  from  the 
village.  The  train  skirts  the  Teufelsfelsen ,  where  many  Roman 
coins  were  found  during  the  construction  of  the  railway  in  1873. 
The  Befreiungshalle  is  visible  to  the  left.  On  the  Ringberg  are 
well-defined  traces  of  an  extensive  Roman  camp.  —  1572^^-  Saal. 

To  Kelheim  (3  M.),  branch-railway  in  14  minutes.  The  terminus  lies  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  which  is  crossed  by  a  fine  new  bridge.  On 
the  left  bank  are  the  government-offices,  in  an  old  Schloss  of  the  Dukes 
of  Bavaria;  in  the  garden  are  the  remains  of  a  Roman  watch-lower. 

Kelheim  (1150ft.:  "Ehrenthaller,  at  the  Donauthor;  Riehl's  Inn,  Haberl, 
Lang,  restaurants  with  gardens  and  view ;  carr.  with  one  horae  to  the 
Befreiungshalle  and  back  to  the  station,  IV2  hr.,  S  Ji)  is  a.  busy  little 
town  (34U0  inhab.)  with  partly  preserved  walls  and  gates,  at  the  influx  of 
the  AUmiihl,  and  through  it  of  the  Ludwigs-Canal  (p.  75)  into  the  Danube. 
The  market  is  adorned  with  statues  of  Lewis  I.  and  Maximilian  II.  by 
Halhig.  The  late-Gothic  Chvrch  (1468),  lately  restored  and  adorned  with 
polychrome  painting,  contains  altars  of  white  kelheim  limestone.  The  tine 
group  (Coronation  of  the  Virgin)  on  the  high-altar  is  by  Obermeyer;  on 
the  altar  to  the  left  is  a  Pieta  by  Veit  Stoss,  on  that  to  the  right  a  St.  Anna 
by  Knabl.    The  choir-frescoes  are  from  drawings  by  Prof.  Klein  of  Vienna. 


1  26   Route  24.  ALTMTJHL-THAL.  From  Ratisbon 

The  "Befreiungshalle  ('Hall  of  Liberation'-,  1480  ft.),  on  the  Michaels- 
berg,  to  the  W,  of  the  town,  a  magnificent  classical  edifice,  designed  by 
Gartner  and  Klenze,  was  founded  by  Lewis  I.  in  1842,  and  inaugurated  on 
18th  Oct.,  1863,  the  50th  anniversary  of  the  Battle  of  Leipsic.  A  rotunda, 
191  ft.  in  height,  is  borne  by  a  substruction  23  ft.  high,  and  is  reached  by 
a  flight  of  84  steps.  On  the  exterior  are  18  colossal  female  figures,  emble- 
matical of  different  German  provinces ;  in  front  of,  and  below  these, 
18  candelabra  •,  on  the  coping  above  the  external  arcade,  18  trophies.  The 
interior,  which  is  entirely  lined  with  coloured  marble,  contains  *34  Vic- 
tories in  Carrara  marble  by  Schwanthaler ;  between  these  are  17  bronze 
shields  made  of  the  metal  of  captured  French  guns,  bearing  names  of  vic- 
tories. Above  the  arcades  are  the  names  of  16  German  generals  on  white 
marble  tablets;  higher  up,  the  names  of  18  captured  fortresses.  Below 
these  is  a  gallery  borne  by  72  granite  columns,  20  ft.  in  height,  with  bases 
and  capitals  of  white  marble.  The  richly-fretted  dome ,  70  ft.  in  height 
and  105  ft.  in  width,  is  lighted  by  a  cupola  19  ft.  in  diameter.  Opposite 
the  portal  is  a  staircase  (opened  by  the  custodian;  fee)  ascending  to  the 
inner  gallery,  which  affords  a  good  survey  of  the  interior  (fine  echo).  A 
narrow  staircase  leads  thence  to  the  outer  gallery,  where  a  view  of  the 
valleys  of  the  Danube  and  Altmvihl  is  enjoyed.  —  Admission  daily  8-10 
and  2-6  o'clock  (in  winter  10-12  and  2-4).  The  custodian  lives  in  a  house 
a  short  distance  to  the  left. 

Pleasant  excursion  from  Kelheim  up  the  Altmiihl-Thal  to  (IO1/2  M.) 
Riedetiburg  (carr.,  in  1^/4  hr.,  6  Jl^  with  two  horses  9  Jl).  The  road  follows 
the  left  bank  of  the  Altmiihl,  skirting  a  bare  slope,  with  Neu-Kelheim 
and  the  extensive  Kelheim  Quarries,  and  passes  Oronsdorf  and  (2V2  M.) 
Oberau.  To  the  right,  halfway  up  the  hill,  is  the  Schullerloch,  a  large  cavern 
affording  a  fine  view  of  the  valleys  of  the  Altmiihl  and  the  Danube  (Re- 
staurant). [Pedestrians  should  follow  the  road  to  the  Befreiungshalle  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Altmiihl,  as  far  as  the  first  kilometre-stone,  and  take 
the  path  to  the  right,  skirting  the  wood,  to  the  Schottenhof,  above  which,  at 
the  Hesselberger  in  the  An,  is  a  ferry  to  the  Schullerloch.  Or  they  may  follow 
the  right  bank  to  Schellneck,  Alt-Essing  and  Xeu-Essing.]  4^/2  M.  Neu-Essing 
(Graf's  Brewery),  commanded  by  the  ruin  of  Randeck.  l^j-z  M.  Nusshausen 
(Brewery);  to  the  right,  on  a  precipitous  and  isolated  rock,  the  chateau  of 
Prunn.  To  the  left  diverges  a  footpath  to  the  Klamm,  a  mass  of  rock  towering 
amid  the  woods  on  the  hillside  to  the  right,  and  affording  a  good  survey 
of  the  Altmiihl-Thal  (direct  and  shady  footpath  hence  to  Riedenburg).  — 
IOV2  M.  Riedenburg  (Post;  Riemhofer)  possesses  three  castles  (Rosenburg, 
Rabenstein,  and  Tachenstein),  situated  on  rocky  spurs,  which  appear  to  close 
up  the  valley.     To  the  left  opens  the  pretty  Schambach-Thal. 

The  Valley  of  the  Danube  between  Kelheim  and  (3M.)  Weltenburg  is  very 
picturesque.  The  barren  and  rugged  rocks ,  the  gorges  and  summits  of 
which  are  wooded,  rise  abruptly  from  the  river  to  a  height  of  300-400  ft. 
Each  of  the  more  conspicuous  rocks  is  named  from  some  fanciful  resem- 
blance or  from  some  legend,  such  as  the  Three  Brothers,  Maiden,  Peter 
and  Paul,  Pulpit,  Napoleon,  etc.  The  Benedictine  Abbey  of  Weltenburg, 
founded  by  Duke  Thassilo  of  Bavaria  in  775  and  rebuilt  in  the  18th  cent., 
lies  at  the  foot  of  a  strongly-fortified  Roman  station.  The  present  church 
is  a  neat  rococo  structure.  The  best  plan  is  to  take  the  train  to  stat. 
Thaldorf,  walk  thence  to  the  (8  M.)  village  and  (V2  M.)  abbey  of  Wel- 
tenburg ('Restaurant),  or  direct  to  the  latter  (3  M.);  then  descend  the 
river  in  a  small  boat  (1-6  pers.  to  Traunthal  2,  to  Kelheim  3  Jl)  to  the 
monastery  {^KlosterV)  of  Traunthal,  romantically  situated  on  the  left  bank 
(pleasant  garden  -  restaurant) ,  whence  a  walk  of  20  min.  through  wood 
brings  us  to  the  Befreiungshalle.  A  good  forest-path  (red  marks)  leads  in 
1  hr.  from  the  Befreiungshalle  to  the  bank  of  the  Danube  opposite  Welten- 
burg (ferry).  Three  so-called  'Roman  Walls',  probably  of  pre-Roman  origin, 
cross  the  ridge  between  the  valleys  of  the  Danube  and  the  Altmiihl;  one 
of  them  is  upwards  of  2  M.  long. 

The  line  quits  the  Danube  and  runs  to  the  S.W.  through  a 
wooded  and  hilly  district  to  the  valley  of  the  Hopfenbach.    20  M. 


to  Donauworth.  ABENSBERG.  24.  Route.    127 

Thaldorf.  Then  throngh  the  N.  part  of  the  Holledau,  a  hop-growing 
district.  —  25  M.  Abensberg  (1213  ft. ;  Kuchelhauer),  a  small  town 
on  the  Abensfluss,  with  an  old  castle  (now  containing  the  local  court 
of  justice)  and  an  interesting  Carmelite  church  in  the  Gothic  style, 
was  the  birthplace  of  the  Bavarian  historian  Johann  Thunnayer, 
snrnamed  Aventinus,  to  whom  a  monument  has  been  erected  in 
front  of  the  Schloss.  Napoleon  defeated  Archduke  Charles  here  in 
1809.  To  the  S.  are  the  pilgrimage -church  of  Allersdorf  and  the 
Romanesque  abbey-church  of  Biburg  (1125-50). 

From  Abensberg  a  road  leads  to  the  N.W.  to  (41/2  M.)  Eining^  on  the 
Danube,  near  which  are  the  interesting  remains  of  the  Roman  frontier- 
station  of  Abusina ,  the  chief  Roman  military  post  in  Bavaria.  [Eining  ia 
6  M.  from  Neustadt  (see  below),  from  which  it  may  be  reached  by  a  foot- 
path via  Ooggiijg^  a  village  with  a  strong  sulphur  spring  and  an  old  Roman- 
esque church-portal.]  The  Romans  recognised  the  importance  of  this  spot 
as  the  junction  of  the  military  roads  connecting  the  Danube  territories  with 
the  Rhine  and  with  Gaul,  and  as  soon  as  they  had  conquered  the  district 
(B.  C.  15)  they  established  a  station  here,  which  they  maintained,  with 
three  interruptions,  down  to  the  end  of  their  sway  (5th  cent.).  The  re- 
mains, excavated  since  1879,  include  a  great  part  of  the  S.  castrum,  a  bath, 
with  a  hypocaust  in  still  usable  condition  under  the  floor,  and  the  bath- 
keepers  house.  A  guide  may  be  obtained  at  the  parsonage,  where  some 
of  the  objects  found  here  are  preserved;  but  most  of  them  are  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  Historical  Society  at  Landshut. 

From  Eining  (Inn;  better,  Stipberger's  Brewery,  in  Hienheim.,  opposite) 
we  may  ascend  the  Danube  by  boat  to  (5  M.)  Weltenburg  (1-6  pers.  5  Jl^ 
each  addit.  pers.  60  pf.)  and  Kelheim.  Haderfleck  ('Locus  Hadriani'),  on  the 
left  bank,  marks  the  end  of  ihQ  Limes  Romanus  (Teu/elsmauer.,  Pfahlrain)^ 
a  frontier-rampart  with  towers,  constructed  about  llXJ  A.  D.  to  protect  the 
Roman  Empire  against  the  incursions  of  the  Germans,  and  extending  from 
the  Danube,  past  Weissenburg  am  Sand  (p.  131),  to  Wiesbaden,  on  the 
Rhine  (comp.  p.  27).  —  Pleasant  walk  from  Hienheim  across  the  Teufels- 
mauer,  through  the  Bienheimer  Forest,  with  its  huge  oaks,  and  past  Schlott 
to  the  Klamm  and  (S'/z  hrs.)  Riedenhwg  or  (3  hrs.)  Neu-Essing  in  the  Alt- 
miihl-Thal  (p.  126). 

About  81/2  M.  to  the  S.E.  of  Abensberg  (diligence  daily  in  1^/4  hr.)  lies 
Kohr  C/n«),  with  an  interesting  abbey-church  in  an  elaborate  baroque  style. 

Beyond  (281/2  M.)  Neustadt  an  der  Donau  (1165  ft.)  the  country 
becomes  flatter.  The  train  skirts  the  extensive  forest  of  Diimhuch. 
331/2  M.  Munchsmiinster ,  on  the  Ilm,  formerly  a  Benedictine  abbey. 
371/2  M.  Vohburg  (village  on  the  Danube,  3  M.  to  the  N.E.) ;  41  M. 
Manching.  —  46  M.  Ingolstadt  (p.  132). 

From  Ingolstadt  to  Augsburg,  41  M.,  railway  in  2  hrs.  The  scenery 
is  monotonous,  the  line  running  at  first  along  the  E.  margin  of  the  Donau- 
moos  (see  below).  S'/z  M.  Zuchering ;  15V2  M.  Schrobenhausen.,  a  town  on 
the  Paar,  with  a  late-Gothic  brick  church  of  the  15th  cent. ;  22  M.  Raders- 
dorf.  Near  (25V2  M.)  Aichach,  to  the  N.E.,  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Wittels- 
bach,  the  ancestral  seat  of  the  reigning  house  of  Bavaria,  destroved  in 
1209,  with  an  obelisk  erected  in  1832.  32  M.  Basing;  37  M.  Friedbe'rg,  an 
ancient  little  town  on  the  Ach,  with  a  modem  church,  decorated  with 
frescoes  by  F.  Wagner ;  38'/2  M.  Hochzoll  (p.  133).  The  train  then  crosses 
the  Lech  and  reaches  Augsburg  (p.  113). 

The  railway  to  Donauworth  traverses  the  Donaumoos ,  an 
extensive  marshy  district,  partly  drained  and  rendered  cultivable 
during  the  last  century.  52  M.  Weichering  ;  56  M.  Rohrenfeld,  with 
a  royal  stud. 


128   Route  25.  ROTHENBURG. 

58  M.  Neuburg  (1410  ft.  ;  Post'),  a  pleasant  town  with  7600 
inhal).,  on  the  slope  of  a  hill  rising  from  the  Danube.  The  older 
part  of  the  large  Schloss  of  the  Dukes  of  Pfalz-Neuburg  is  now  a  bar- 
rack. The  W.  wing,  in  the  Renaissance  style,  added  by  Elector  Otho 
Henry  in  1538,  contains  the  district  archives.  Fine  vaulted  gateway 
and  two  rooms  with  rich  timber  ceilings.  The  Historical  Society 
possesses  four  large  pieces  of  tapestry  of  the  16th  century.  The 
Hofkirche,  adjoining  the  chateau,  contains  a  valuable  collection  of 
ecclesiastical  vestments.  Herr  Grasegger  has  a  collection  of  antiq- 
uities found  in  the  duchy  of  Neuburg.  The  town-library  and  the 
old  throne-room  in  the  town-hall  are  also  interesting. 

The  line  now  traverses  a  uninteresting  district,  running  1-3  M. 
from  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube.  From  (62  M.)  Vnterhausen 
Count  Arco-Stepperg's  chateau  of  Stepperg  is  seen  in  the  distance 
to  the  right,  on  the  wooded  left  bank  of  the  river.  Farther  on  is 
Bertholdsheim,  the  large  Schloss  of  Count  Dumoulin.  66  M.  Burg- 
heim ;  71  M.  Rain,  where  Tilly,  at  the  age  of  73,  was  mortally 
wounded  in  1632  while  defending  the  passage  of  the  Lech  against 
Gustaphus  Adolphus,  The  line  crosses  the  Lech  to  stat.  Oender- 
kingen^  joins  the  Augsburg  Railway,  and  crosses  the  Danube  to  — 

781/2  M.  Donauworth  (p.  H'^). 

25 .    From  Frankfort  to  Munich  by  Ansbach  and 
Ingolstadt. 

263  M.  Railway  in  lO-lS'/a  hra.;  fares  31  Jl,  2LJi  80  pf.,  14  Jl,  ex- 
press mj/^QQJf  80,  18  Jf  90  pf. 

As  far  as  Wiirzburg,  see  R.  14.  The  Ansbach  line  here  turns  to 
the  S. ;  to  the  right  the  Marienberg.  83  M.  Sanderau,  on  the  S.E. 
side  of  the  town.  Near  (85  M.)  Heidingsfeld,  once  a  fortified  town, 
of  which  the  church-tower  alone  is  visible  (interesting  relief  in  the 
church  by  T.  Riemenschneider :  Mourning  for  Christ),  we  cross  the 
Main.  (The  Heidelberg  line  diverges  to  the  right,  see  p.  70.)  — 
89  M.  Winterhausen ;  91  M.  Gossmannsdorf.  —  94  M.  Ochsenfurt 
(545  ft. ;  *Schnecke),  with  a  Gothic  church  surmounted  by  a  Roman- 
esque tower;  opposite,  the  late-Gothic  chapel  of  St.  Michael  (1440), 
with  a  fine  portal.  The  old  fortifications,  with  their  numerous  towers, 
are  well  preserved.  —  At  (97  M.)  Marktbreit,  with  its  old  watch- 
towers,  we  quit  the  Main  and  approach  the  W.  slopes  of  the  Steiger 
Wald.  i{)4:M..  Herrnbergtheim;  lOSi/oM.  Uffenheim;  112M.  Ermetz- 
hofen.  —  1161/2  M.  Steinach  (*Goldenes  Kreuz,  unpretending). 

Beanch  Railwat  from  Steinach  via  Hartershofen  in  40  min.  to  (7  M.) 
Rothenburg  on  the  Taiiber  (1550  ft.;  *^i>scA,  Schmiedgasae,  R,  2,  D.2jlS(,  B. 
'oO  pf.,  charming  view  from  the  windows  overlooking  the  Taubergrund ; 
jBdr,  A.ijf;  Lamm;  beer  sX  DickhauVs^  HachteVs,  SlU^  Beck's;  wine  at  the 
Eisenhut),  a  charming  mediseval  town  (7000  inhah.),  with  red-tiled,  gabled 
houses  and  well-preserved  fortifications.  As  in  Nuremberg  the  churches 
are  Gothic ,  the  secular  buildings  Renaissance.  Rothenburg  is  already- 
spoken  of  as  a  town  in  a  document  of  942.  and  from  1274  to  1803  it  was 
a  free  city  of  the  Empire.  In  the  14th  and  15th  cent,  it  was  an  energetic 


to  Munich.  ROTHENBUKG.  25.  Route.    129 

member  of  the  Franconian  League,  in  1526  it  joined  the  insnrgent  peas- 
antry, and  in  1543  embraced  the  Reformation,  Daring  the  Thirty  Years' 
War  the  town  was  repeatedly  besieged  and  taken, 

A  visit  of  4-5  hrs.  suffices  for  a  visit  to  the  chief  points  of  interest. 
From  the  railway- station  we  walk  to  (5  min.)  the  Rdder-Thor,  the  E. 
entrance  of  the  town,  and  thence  to  (5  min.)  the  Market.  In  front  of 
us  is  the  broad  Herrengasse;  to  the  left  diverges  the  Obere  Schmied- 
gasse,  containing  the  so-called  Havs  des  Bavmeisters  (T^o.M3),  of  1596,  with 
its  handsome  facade  adorned  with  Caryatides  and  its  interesting  court. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  Herrengasse  (see  below),  to  the  left,  is  the  Foun- 
tain of  St.  George.^  erected  in  16uG,  beyond  which  is  the  Gewerbehalle.  with 
a  small  collection  of  antiquities  (ring).  To  the  right  rises  the  handsome 
'^Rathhaus.i  the  older  part  of  which  is  in  the  Gothic  style,  with  a  tower 
230  ft,  high,  while  the  later  is  a  beautiful  Renaissance  structure  of  1578, 
with  a  projecting  rustica  portico  and  balcony  (of  1681),  an  oriel,  and  an 
elaborate  spiral  staircase.  The  staircase  in  the  interior  of  the  older  build- 
ing ascends  to  a  vestibule  with  a  fine  timber-roof  supported  by  Ionic  col- 
umns. Beyond  this  is  the  spacious  Court  Room  (now  'KaisersaaF),  in  which 
an  annual  festival  commemorates  the  capture  of  the  town  by  Tilly  in  1631. 
(A  picture  by  Schuch  in  the  Council  Room,  on  the  upper  floor  of  the  new 
Rathhaus,  refers  to  the  same  event.)  In  the  cellars  are  torture-chambers 
and  dungeons,  where,  among  others,  the  burgomaster  Toppler,  accused  of 
treason ,  perished  in  1408.  The  court  contains  an  antique  Renaissance 
portal.  The  tower  (193  steps)  commands  a  splendid  \-iew  of  the  town  and 
the  Tauber-Thal. 

The  neighbouring  church  oi  ^ St.  James  (Jakohskirche).,  with  its  two  tow- 
ers and  a  choir  at  each  end,  built  in  1373-1471,  is  remarkable  for  its  fine 
proportions  and  the  purity  of  its  style  (restored  in  1851).  It  contains  three 
fine  carved  wooden  altars:  the  *Altar  of  the  Holy  Blood,  dating  from  1478 
(an  early  work  of  T.  Riemenschneider');  the  Virgin's  Altar,  of  1495;  and 
the  *High  Altar  of  'the  twelve  messengers',  with  wings  painted  by  Fritz 
Herlen  (1466).  The  beautiful  stained-glass  windows  of  the  choir  date  from 
the  end  of  the  14th  cent,  and  were  restored  in  1856,  The  sacristan  lives 
opposite  the  E.  choir  (fee  50  pf.).  The  Toppler  Chapel.,  to  the  S.  of  the 
church,  contains  the  tomb  of  the  above-mentioned  burgomaster.  Adjoin- 
ing the  W.  choir  is  a  handsome  Renaissance  house  with  an  oriel,  now 
the  parsonage.  In  the  street  passing  below  the  W.  choir  is  the  entrance 
to  the  Chapel  of  the  Holy  Blood,  with  old  sculptures  and  paintings  by  Her- 
len, Wohlgemut,  and  others.  The  Gymnasium,  in  the  Kirchplatz,  was  built 
in  1589-91. 

From  the  passage  under  the  W.  choir  of  the  Jakobskirche  we  proceed 
straight  towards  the  N.  to  the  KUngen-Thor  and  the  small  Gothic  Church  of 
St.  Wolfgang.,  of  1473-83,  the  N.  side  of  which  forms  part  of  the  town-wall. 
—  A  pleasant  promenade  outside  the  wall  leads  to  the  left  to  (6-8  min.) 
the  gate  of  the  grounds  laid  out  on  a  hill  once  occupied  by  a  Castle  of  the 
Hohenstaufen  (fine  view  of  the  town  and  of  the  deep  Tauber-Thal).  Below 
it  is  the  Topplersc/dossclien,  which  once  belonged  to  the  unfortunate  Bur- 
gomaster Toppler  (see  above).  We  now  return  through  the  Burgtbor  to 
the  Herren-Strasse,  which  leads  to  the  market  (see  above),  and  contains 
the  early-Gothic  Franciscan  Church  (keys  kept  by  the  sacristan)  and  sev- 
eral houses  of  patricians  of  Rothenburg,  including  the  StaudVsche  Haus 
(No.  16,  on  the  left),  with  a  curious  old  court.  The  house  No.  48  also  has 
a  fine  court. 

The  Schmiedgasse  (see  above)  and  its  prolongation  the  Spitalgasse  lead 
past  the  Leper  Hospital  (now  a  pawnbroker's),  the  Gothic  C/iwrcTi  of  St.  John 
(R. C),  with  the  Johanniterhof  (now  district  offices),  and  iheSpital  (1570-76), 
with  its  quaint  court,  to  the  Spitalt/tor.,  a  fortified  gateway  with  a  circular 
bastion  (1542).  —  The  following:  walk  (ca.  1  hr.)  affords  charmins;  views 
of  the  town.  Turning  to  the  right  outside  the  gate,  and  after  2l>0  paces 
following  the  narrow  path  which  leads  straight  from  the  tower  by  the 
edge  of  the  fields,  we  reach  the  Ecsigkrug,  a  hill  commanding  a  good  view 
of  the  town  from  the  S,  side.  We  then  descend  into  the  Tauber-Thal, 
where    we   reach   in    succession   the   Wildbad  (Hotel;   garden -restaurant), 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany,     8th  Edit.  9 


130    Route -25.  ANSBACH.  From  Frankfort 

with  a  cold  sulphur-spring,  the  late-Gothic  Cobolzeller  Kirche  (R.  C. ;  shut), 
and  the  old  bridge  over  the  Tauber  (1330),  with  its  double  row  of  arches 
(beyond  the  bridge  two  forest-inns).  We  continue  to  follow  the  Tauber- 
Thal  to  the  Topplerschlosschen  (see  above)  and  the  old  village  oi  Dettwang 
(Inn,  wine),  with  a  very  fine  carved  *Altar,  and  return  to  the  Klingenthor 
by  a  bridge  across  the  Tauber. 

Diligence  daily  in  2V2  hrs.  from  Rothenburg  to  (11  M.)  Creglingen 
('Lamm).  The  adjacent  HergoUskapelle  (V4hr.)  contains  a  celebrated  carved 
'"Altar  (uncoloured)  by  Tilman  Eiemenschneider.  (The  old  road  to  Creg- 
lingen commands ,  near  Schwarzenhronn ,  a  charming  survey  of  Rothen- 
burg.) From  Creglingen  diligence  thrice  daily  in  21/2  hrs.  to  (11  M.)  Wei- 
kersheim  (p.  26).  —  A  diligence  also  runs  from  Rothenburg  daily  in  3  hrs. 
to  (13  M.)  Roth  am  See  (p.  26),  and  in  3  hrs.  via  Schillingsfurst  (Bremer) 
to  (121/2  M.)  Dombiihl  (p.  26).  —  Carriage  from  Rothenburg  to  (10  M.) 
Schrozberg  (p.  26)  in  2  hrs. 

1181/4  M.  Burgbernheim;  li/o  M.  to  the  S.W.  lies  Wildbad  (an 
unpretending  little  watering-place).  At  (124 M.)  Oberdachstetten  we 
enter  the  valley  of  the  Franconian  Rezat.  The  Petersberg  (1660  ft.), 
visible  to  the  left,  may  be  ascended  hence  in  1-1 1/4 hr.  (view).  — 
128  M.  Rosenbach;  131  M.  Lehrberg. 

136  M.  Ansbach  (1825  ft. ;  Stern,  with  restaurant  and  garden; 
Zirkel,  unpretending;  Joh.  Wedel;  Krone;  Benkhers,  S.  WedeVs, 
and  Konig's  Wine  Rooms),  with  14,267  inhab.  (2000  Rom.  Cath.), 
on  the  Rezat ,  is  the  capital  of  Central  Franconia.  It  is  surrounded 
by  park-like  w^oods.  The  Schloss,  built  in  the  Italian  Renaissance 
style  in  1713-32  and  once  the  seat  of  the  Margraves  ofBrandenburg- 
Ansbach,  is  a  veritable  treasure-house  of  baroque  and  rococo  art, 
both  of  which  are  seen  at  their  best  in  the  elegant  equipment  of 
the  22  state  apartments.  The  picture-gallery  is  also  interesting, 
especially  that  section  of  it  w  hich  illustrates  the  history  of  the  Hohen- 
zollerns.  In  front  of  the  Schloss  stands  Halbig's  bronze  statue  of 
the  poet  Aug.  von  Platen  (d.  1 835) .  The  house  in  which  he  was  born, 
in  the  Platen-Strasse,  is  indicated  by  a  tablet  with  an  inscription, 
above  which  is  an  old  coat-of-arms  (1696),  an  eagle  gazing  at  the 
sun,  with  the  motto,  '■Phoebo  auspice  surgif.  The  Hofgarten  near 
the  Palace,  a  well-kept  park  with  a  double  avenue  of  lime-trees, 
contains  a  pavilion  with  modern  frescoes,  an  orangery  (Restaurant, 
plain),  a  monument  to  the  poet  Uz(d.  1796),  and  another  marking  the 
spot  where  Caspar  Hauser  was  assassinated  ,  with  the  inscription  : 
'^Hic  occultus  occulto  occisus  14.  Dec.  1833\  Caspar  Hauser's 
tombstone  in  the  churchyard  is  inscribed ,  ^Hic  jacet  Casparus 
Hauser  aenigm.a  sui  temporis,  ignota  nativitas,  occulta  mors  1833.^ 
It  is  believed  that  this  ill-fated  youth  was  a  victim,  throughout  his 
life  and  in  his  death,  to  the  unscrupulous  ambition  of  some  noble 
family  to  whose  dignities  he  was  the  lawful  heir. 

The  finest  church  is  the  Protestant  *(zMw6crtMsfc/rc/i6,  with  three 
Gothic  W.  towers  (1483-93  and  1597)  and  a  late-Gothic  choir  (1523), 

The  choir,  known  as  the  'Schwanritterkapelle',  contains  stone  monu- 
ments of  knights  of  the  Order  of  the  Swan,  transferred  in  1825  from  a 
now  partly  walled-up  chapel  of  St.  George,  which  the  Elector  Albert 
Achilles  meant  to  make  the  central  point  of  the  order  in  S.  Germany. 
The  chief  of  these  is  the  High  Altar,  erected  by  Albert  Achilles   in   1485 


to  Munich.  PAPPENHEIM.  25.  Route.    131 

and  restored  at  the  instance  of  Emp,  Frederick  III.,  with  carvings  and 
paintings  of  the  school  of  Wohlgemut.  On  the  walls  are  scutcheons  of 
Knights  of  the  Swan  and  the  old  banners  used  at  the  funerals  of  the 
Margraves.     The  stained  glass  dates  from  the  15-16th  centuries. 

On  the  N.  side  of  tlie  church  is  the  Hofkanzlei,  now  law-courts, 
a  handsome  gabled  edifice  of  1563.  —  In  the  Obere  Markt  is  the 
Protestant  *St.  Johanniskirche,  a  Gothic  structure  of  the  15th  cent., 
with  two  towers  of  unequal  height.  Below  the  choir  is  the  burial- 
vault  of  the  Margraves,  originally  constructed  in  1660.  —  Between 
the  two  churches  is  the  old  Landhaus  (now  a  druggist's),  a  Renais- 
sance edifice  of  1531.  Adjacent  is  a  fountain  with  a  statue  of  Mar- 
grave George  the  Pious  (d.  1543),  who  introduced  the  Reformation 
into  Franconia.  —  The  collections  of  the  Historical  Society  (in  a 
wing  of  the  chateau),  the  new  Municipal  Museum,  and  the  china 
and  glass  collections  of  Herr  Hirsch  (on  the  Promenade)  are  all 
interesting.  Near  the  station  are  the  Slaughter  House  and  a  large 
factory  of  preserved  food  for  the  army.  —  Favourite  resorts  are 
Brechseis  Garten  (reached  in  20  min.  from  the  Schloss  by  crossing 
the  Schlossbriicke  and  ascending  the  Schlossgasse),  with  a  fine  view 
of  the  town  and  environs  (cafe-restaurant),  and  the  Tivoli  Restau- 
rant, with  a  garden.  Near  the  Rezat  is  a  large  Bathing  Establishment. 

From  Ansbach  to  Heilsbronn  and  Nuremberg,  see  p.  26;  to  Crailshe'im 
and  Stuttgart,  see  p.  26;  to  Rothenhurg  (via  Steinach),  see  p.  128. 

142  M.  Winter schneidbach.  — 146  M.  Triesdorf,  a  former  chateau 
of  the  Margraves,  with  a  fine  park.  About  3  M.  to  the  N.E.  is 
Eschenbach^  birthplace  of  the  poet  Wolfram  von  Eschenbach  (d.  1228), 
with  a  monument  to  him. —  I491/2M.  Altenmuhr,  on  the  Altmiihl.  — 
1521/2  M.  Gunzenhausen,  junction  for  Augsburg  and  Nuremberg 
(R.  22).  The  line  crosses  the  Altmuhl  and  follows  its  valley  toEich- 
statt.  —  158 M.  Windsfeld;  I62V2M.  Berolzheim;  165 M.  Wettels- 
heim.  — 1671/2  M.  Treuchtlingen,  junction  of  the  line  from  Munich 
to  Nuremberg,  which  runs  hence  via  Grdnhard^  Weissenburg  am 
Sand ,  and  EUingen  to  Pleinfeld,  and  there  joins  the  Augsburg 
and  Nuremberg  line  (p.  111). 

The  Altmuhl  is  crossed  twice.  —  171  M.  Pappenheim  (1330  ft. ; 
* Eisenbahn- Hotel ;  Deutsches  Haus ;  Krone),  charmingly  situated,  is 
commanded  by  the  extensive  ruins  of  a  castle  of  the  ancient  counts 
of  that  name.  The  massive  Roman  Tower,  100  ft.  in  height,  com- 
mands a  beautiful  view.  The  town  contains  two  chateaux  of  Count 
Pappenheim,  one  of  them  a  fine  modern  building  by  Klenze  (1820). 

Beyond  a  tunnel  the  line  crosses  and  recrosses  the  Altmiihl.  To 
the  S.  of  (175  M.)  Solnhofen  are  extensive  slate -quarries,  once 
worked  by  the  Romans,  where  upwards  of  3000  workmen  are  employed. 
The  slate,  used  for  lithographing  purposes,  table-slabs,  etc.,  is  largely 
exported.    Numerous  fossils. 

A  long  tunnel.  Then  (179  M.)  Dollnstein,  a  small  and  old  town, 
still  surrounded  by  walls.  Below  it,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Altmiihl, 
rises  the  conspicuous,  serrated  Burgstein.    Farther  on  is  the  pretty 

9* 


Id2   Route  25.  INGOLSTADT. 

village  of  Ober-Eichstdtt.  The  line  quits  the  valley  of  the  Altmiihl 
and  reaches  the  (ISSVo^O  station  of  Eichstdtt,  situated  in  a  cutting, 
whence  a. narrow-gauge  branch-line  runs  in  25  min.  to  (4  M.)  — 

Eichstatt  (1270  ft. ;  Schwarzer  Adler ;  Schwarzer  Bar),  an  old 
town  vdih.  7475  inhab.,  seat  of  an  ancient  episcopal  see  founded  in 
740  by  St.  Willibald,  a  companion  of  St.  Boniface.  In  the  Resi- 
denz-Platz  are  a  ^ Mariensdule  of  1777,  60  ft.  high,  with  a  gilded 
figure  of  the  Virgin,  and  the  handsome  Law  Courts,  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  archbishops.  The  Cathedral,  begun  in  1042, 
with  Romanesque  towers  and  the  choir  of  St.  "Willibald  in  the 
transition-style,  Gothic  nave  and  E.  choir  of  1365-96,  has  recently 
been  tastefully  painted.  It  contains  the  monument  of  St.  Willibald 
with  his  statue,  and  tombstones  of  bishops.  Good  relief  (1396)  on 
the  N.  Portal  (Death  of  Mary),  and  fine  stained  glass  in  the  choir. 
Beautiful  cloisters  with  Romanesque  columns.  The  fountain  in  the 
market-place  is  adorned  with  an  admirablebronzestatueof  St.  Willi- 
bald (1695).  The  Walpurgiskirche,  containing  the  tomb  of  St.  Wal- 
purgis,  from  which  a  'miraculous  oil'  exudes,  is  visited  by  numerous 
pilgrims  on  1st  May  (St.  Walpurgis'  Day).  The  barrel-vaulting  of 
the  Jesuits'  Church  (1640)  is  flue.  —  Above  the  town  rises  the  dilap- 
idated Willibaldsburg,  the  residence  of  the  bishops  down  to  1730; 
the  tower  commands  a  striking  view,  best  in  the  evening  (apply  to 
the  castellan).  The  well  is  295  ft.  deep.  On  the  Blunienberg,  to 
theN.W.,  numerous  rare  fossils  (pterodactyl,  archseopterix)  have 
been  found. 

The  line  traverses  a  hilly  and  wooded  tract  by  means  of  deep 
cuttings.  188'/2  M.  Adelschlag ;  II/2  ^^-  thence  is  Pfiinz,  above  the 
Altmiihl,  with  extensive  remains  of  the  Roman  fort  of  Vetonianis, 
recently  excavated.   193  M.  Tauberfeld ;  198  M.  Gaimersheim. 

200' M.  Local  Station  of  ln^o\stB^6.t  [*Wittelsbacher  Hof,  R.IV4- 
2jf,  B.  70  pf.;  Adler;  *Bdr.  moderate),  with  17,600  inhab.,'  a 
strongly  fortified  town  on  the  Danube,  once  the  seat  of  a  famous 
university,  founded  in  1472  by  Duke  Lewis  the  Rich,  and  transferred 
to  Landshut  in  1800  and  to  Munich  in  1826  (p.  151).  At  the  end 
of  the  16th  cent,  it  was  attended  by  4000  students.  The  Jesuits^ 
College,  founded  in  1555,  was  the  first  established  in  Germany.  The 
town  was  besieged  by  Gustavus  Adolphus  in  1632.  while  his  antag- 
onist Tilly  lay  mortally  wounded  within  its  walls  (see  p.  123).  The 
French  General  Moreau  took  the  place  in  1800  after  a  siege  of  three 
months,  and  dismantled  the  fortifications,  but  they  have  been  recon- 
structed since  1827.  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube  are  strong 
tetes-de-pont  with  round  towers  of  solid  masonry  and  the  Redoubt 
Tilly.  —  The  Gothic  Frauenkirche  of  1439,  with  two  massive  towers 
in  front,  contains  the  tomb  of  Dr.  Eck  (d.  1543),  the  opponent  of 
Luther,  and  monuments  to  Tilly,  who  was  buried  at  Alt -Getting 
(p.  233).  and  the  Bavarian  General  Mercy,  who  fell  at  Allersheim 
in  1645.' 


GUNZBURG.  26.  Route.    133 

The  line  skirts  the  glacis,  crosses  the  Danube  (to  the  right  is 
the  tete-de-pont),  and  reaches  the  (20272  M.)  Central  Station  of 
Ingolstadt  (*Dintler's  Inn,  plain),  2  M.  from  the  town,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  tramway  (20  pf.). 

Railway  to  Donauwdrth^  Augsburg^  and  Ratishon^  see  R.  24. 

Stations  Oberstimm ,  Reichertshofen,  WoLnzach,  and  (221  M.) 
Pfaffenhofen  (a  busy  place  with  3000  inhab.,  on  the Ilm).  The  line 
follows  the  Ilm  as  far  as  (225  M.)  Reichertshausen^  beyond  which  it 
reaches  the  Glon,  an  affluent  of  the  Amper.  230  M.  Petershausen  ; 
235^2  Ji^l^-  Rohrmoos.  Then  down  the  Amper-Thal,  crossing  the  river, 
to  (2411/2  M.)  Dachau  (1328  ft. ;  ZiegLerbrdu),  a  small  town  with 
4000  inhab.,  commanding  a  splendid  view  of  the  plain  and  the  Alps. 
The  railway  intersects  the  extensive  Dachauer  Moos,  crosses  the 
Wilrm  at  (246  M.)  AUach,  skirts  the  extensive  Park  of  Nymphen- 
hurg,  and  reaches  — 

253  M.  Munich  (p.  137). 

26.  From  Stuttgart  to  Munich. 

149  M.  Railway  in  5-9  hrs.  (fares  i^  Jl  30,  13^  30,  8  u^  60  pf. ;  ex- 
press 22  J?  10,  \bJi  TO,  9>Jl  30  pf.). 

From  Stuttgart  to  (581/2  M.)  Vim,  seeR.8.  The  line  here  crosses 
the  Danube,  and  enters  the  Bavarian  dominions,  to  which  Neu-lJlm 
belongs.  ^^r^/^Burlafingen.  Near  (67  M.)  Nersingen  the  town  and  ab- 
bey o(  ELchingen  are  seen  on  the  opposite  bank,  the  heights  of  which 
were  occupied  by  the  Austrians  under  Laudon,  14th  Oct.,  1805,  but 
were  stormed  by  the  French  under  Ney.  From  this  victory  the  marshal 
derived  his  title  of  Due  d'Elchingen  (comp.  p.  28).  iDd^/oM.  Leipheim. 

74  M.  Giinzburg  (Bar),  the  Rom.  Guntia,  a  town  with  numer- 
ous towers,  lies  picturesquely  on  a  hill,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Qiinz  and  Danube.  Pop.  4100.  The  Schlosswas  erected  by  Margrave 
Charles,  son  of  Archduke  Ferdinand  of  Tyrol  and  PhilippinaWelser 
(p.  114).  We  next  notice  a  range  of  wooded  hills  to  the  right, 
crowned  by  the  castles  of  Reisensburg  and  Landestrost  (the  latter 
almost  entirely  removed).  79  M.  Neu-Offingen  is  the  junction  for 
Donauworth  (p.  113)  and  Ratisbon  (p.  128). 

The  train  quits  the  Danube.  Near  Offingen  it  crosses  the  Mindel. 
83  M,  Burgau,  with  2200  inhab.  and  an  old  chateau.  85  M.  Jet- 
tingen;  89  M.  Gabelbach.  The  country  becomes  flatter.  On  a  hill  to 
the  left  is  the  small  chateau  of  Zusameck.  Stations  Dinkelscherben 
(where  we  cross  the  Zusarri),  Modishofen  (beyond  it  across  the  Srhmut- 
ter),  Gessertshausen,  Diedorf,  Westheim.  109  M.  Oberhausen  is  the 
junction  of  the  Nuremberg  line  (p.  113).  The  train  then  crosses 
the  Wertach  and  reaches  (llOV'2  M.)  Augsburg  (p.  113). 

Beyond  Augsburg  (to  the  right,  the  Protestant  Cemetery)  the  line 
crosses  the  Lech  and  traverses  a  sterile  plain.  113^/2  M.  Hochzoll, 
junction  for  Ingolstadt  (p.  127),  To  the  left  lies  the  small  town  of 
Friedberg  (p.  127).  The  Lech  is  now  quitted.   Stations  Mering,  Alt- 


1 34    Route  27.  WEIDEN.  From  Leipsic 

hegvienberg  (with  chateau),  Haspelmoor^  Nannhofen^  Maisach,  Olching 
(where  theAmper^  the  discharge  of  the  Ammersee,  is  crossed),  Loch- 
hausen.  The Dachauer  Moos  is  then  traversed.  At  (1447-2  M.)Pasiri5r 
the  train  crosses  the  Wurm,  by  which  the  Lake  of  Starnherg  is 
drained.  Near  Munich  the  park  and  palace  of  Nymphenhurg  (p.  194) 
are  seen  on  the  left;  then  the  Marsfeld,  or  military  drilling-ground, 
149  M.  Munich,  see  R.  28. 

27.  From  Leipsic  to  Munich  via  Hof  and  Ratisbon. 

296  31.  Railwax  in  93/4-16'/2  hrs.  (express  fares  44  Jl  20,  3iJl  70  pf., 
24  J?).  This  route  is  quicker  than  that  by  Eger  (conx^.  Bae(leker''s  Norther7i 
Germany). 

From  Leipsic  to  (103  M.)  Hof,  see  R.  16.  Beyond  Hof  the  line 
traverses  a  hilly  district,  running  near  the  winding  Saale.  108  M. 
Oberkotzau  ,  junction  for  Eger  (p.  73)  to  the  left ,  and  Nuremberg 
(p.  73)  to  the  right.  110^2  M.  Martinlamitz ;  115  M.  Kirchenlamitz 
(1834  ft. ;  11/4  hr.  to  the  W.  rises  the  Epprechtstein,  p.  91).  118  M. 
Marktleuthen,  where  the  train  crosses  the  Eger.  122^/2  M.  Roslau 
(1916  ft. ;  diligence  twice  daily  in  I1/4  hr.  to  Weissenstadt,  p.  91). 
At  (125  M.)  Holenbrunn  (1846  ft.)  a  branch-line  diverges  to  (2V2M.) 
Wunsiedel  (p.  91).  At  Unterthblau  we  cross  the  valley  of  the  Ros- 
lau by  a  viaduct  115  ft.  high.  —  130  M.  Markt  -  Redxvitz  (RaiL 
Restaurant),  a  busy  little  town  on  the  Kossein,  junction  of  the 
Nuremberg- Eger  line  (p.  111).   136  M.  Groschlattengrun. 

139  M.  Wiesau  (1736  ft.;  Rail.  Restaurant),  with  a  chalybeate 
sirring  (Konig  Otto-Bad),  junction  for  Eger  (t^.  73).  — 146  M.  Reuth. 
Then  through  the  valley  of  the  Fichtelnab  to  (1501/2^0  Windisch- 
Eschenbach  and  (1561/2  M.)  Neustadt  an  der  Waldnab  (branch-line 
to  Waldthurn  and  Vohenstrauss). 

160  M.  Weiden  (1300  ft.;  *Post),  a  pleasant  little  town  (5820 
inhab.),  junction  for  Bayreuth  (p.  89)  and  Neukirchen  (p.  235). 
—  163  M.  Rothenstadt.  At  (165  M.)  Luhe  (1270  ft.)  the  Heidenab 
and  Waldnab  unite  to  form  the  Nab.  ill  M.  Wernberg  (to  the  left 
the  village,  with  an  old  castle);  175  M.  Pfreimd ;  1781/2  M.  Nab- 
burg  ;  185  M.  Irrenlohe  (junction  for  Nuremberg,  see  p.  235).  The 
train  now  crosses  the  Nab  to  (188 M.)  Schwandorf  (1204ft. ;  Bar; 
Kloster;  Pfdlzerhof),  a  prettily  situated  little  town  (4840  inhab.), 
the  junction  for  Furth  and  Prague  (R.  41). 

192  M.  Klardorf.  From  (197  M.)  Eaidhof  a  branch-line  runs 
to  the  rail-factory  of  Maximilianshutte ,  1 1/4  M.  to  the  W. ;  2^2  M. 
to  the  W.  is  Burglengenfeld,  with  a  picturesque  ruined  castle.  —  To 
the  right  beyond  (198'/2  M.)  Ponholz  rises  Schloss  Birkensee.  Near 
(204  M.)  i?€^€nsto«/' the  Ee^m  is  crossed.  209  M.  Wutzlhofen.  On 
the  right  Ratisbon  with  its  cathedral ,  and  on  the  left  the  Walhalla 
come  in  sight.  Beyond  (211  M.)  Walhallastrasse  (p.  124)  the  train 
crosses  the  Danube  by  an  iron  bridge,  700  yds.  long. 

213  M.  Ratisbon,  see  p.  119. 


to  Munich.  LANDSHUT.  27.  Route.    1  35 

The  Munich  line  traverses  an  uninteresting  district.  Stations 
Obertraubling  (to  Passau ,  see  R.  42),  Kbfering,  Hagelstadt ,  and 
Eggmiihl,  where  the  French  under  Davoust  (Prince  d'Eckraiihl)  de- 
feated the  Austrians,  22nd  April ,  1809.  The  Grosse  Laber  is  now 
crossed.  Stations  Steinrain,  (238  M.)  Neufahrn,  on  the  Kleine 
La&er  (branch  by  Geiselhoring  to  Straubing,  see  p.  236),  Ergolds- 
bach^  and  Mirskofen. 

252  M.  Landshut  (1290  ft. ;  '^Kronprinz,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  11/4-2  J/, 
B.  70 pf.,  D.2J^;  Drdxlmeier^  R.  1-1 7-2,  B.  30-50 pf. ;  Bernlochner ; 
Drei  Mohren ;  *RaiL  Restaurant ;  omn.  from  the  station  to  the  town, 
1 Y2  M.,  20  pf.),  with  18,870  inhab.,  a  pleasant  town  with  wide  streets 
and  gabled  houses,  lies  picturesquely  on  the  Isar^  which  forms  an 
island  within  the  town.  The  quarter  on  this  island  is  called  ZwiscJien 
den  Brucken.  The  chief  attractions  are  in  the  broad  main  street, 
named  the  'Altstadt'.  The  three  principal  churches,  St.  Martins 
(about  1392-1495),  St.  Jodocus  (1338-68),  and  the  Holy  Ghost  or 
Hospital  Church  (1407-61)  are  fine  structures  in  brick,  adorned  with 
sculpturing  in  stone.  The  lofty  tower  of  St.  Martin's  is  462  ft.  in 
height.  Among  the  numerous  tombstones  on  the  outer  walls  of  this 
church  is  (on  the  S.  side,  protected  by  a  railing)  that  of  Stetthammer 
(Hans  der  Steinmetz,  d.  1432),  the  builder  of  this  church  and  the 
Hospital  Church,  with  his  bust  and  a  half-length  figure  of  the 
Saviour.  The  late-Gothic  pulpit,  of  limestone,  dates  from  1422. 
Beautiful  late-Gothic  high-altar  (1424),  the  back  of  which  is  also 
interesting.  The  lofty  choir-windows  contain  modern  stained  glass. 
—  The  Post  Office  (formerly  House  of  the  Estates')  is  decorated 
with  old  frescoes  of  the  sovereigns  of  Bavaria  from  Otho  I.  to  Maxi- 
milian I.  —  The  New  Palace  (1536-43),  begun  by  German,  and 
completed  by  Italian  architects ,  exhibits  features  both  of  the  Ger- 
man and  Italian  Renaissance.  Its  columned  court  and  fine  upper 
rooms,  with  beautiful  friezes,  are  among  the  best  Renaissance  works 
in  Germany.  (Custodian  in  the  portal,  to  the  right.)  Some  of  the 
rooms  contain  an  instructive  collection  of  industrial  models,  estab- 
lished by  Dr.  Gehring  (Sun.,  10-1 ;  at  other  times  a  fee).  —  The 
Rathhaiis,  originally  erected  in  14^56,  has  been  entirely  restored. 
New  facade,  1860-61.  The  late-Gothic  *Council  Chamber  (apply  at 
the  Registry  Office  on  the  first  floor),  with  its  fine  timber  ceiling 
and  chimney-pieces,  is  adorned  with  a  huge  mural  painting  in  tem- 
pera, by  Seitz,  Spiess,  and  other  artists,  of  the  marriage  of  George 
the  Rich.  In  front  of  the  Rathhaus  stands  a  bronze  Statue  of  Maxi- 
milian II.  y  by  Bernhard  (1868).  The  university  of  Ingolstadt  was 
transferred  to  Landshut  in  1800,  and  thence  to  Munich  in  1826.  A 
statue  of  the  founder,  Duke  Lewis  the  Rich  (d.  1479),  has  been 
erected  in  front  of  the  government-buildings. — In  the  suburb  of 
the  St.  Nicola,  to  the  N.W.,  is  a  War  Monument  for  1870-71. 

*Burg  Landshut  or  Trausnitz  (1530  ft.),  an  old  castle  rising  above  the 
town,  formerly  the  residence  of  the  Dukes  of  Lower  Bavaria,  heiiun  by  Duke 
Ludwig  of  Keihtim  in  1004,  was  frequently  altered,  and  ha.s  suftered  greatly 


136    Route  27.  FREISING. 

from  the  ravages  of  time.  The  pleaeantest  approach  to  it  is  through  the 
Hofgarten  with  its  pretty  promenades.  The  Chapel  (1304-31),  which  lately 
underwent  thorough  renovation,  is  the  only  part  remaining  of  the  original 
structure.  The  balustrades,  decorated  with  stone  figures,  the  large  relief 
of  the  Annunciation,  the  mural  paintings  of  the  altar-recess,  and  the  cibo- 
rium  (1471)  are  worthy  of  notice.  Some  of  the  apartments  are  finely  painted 
in  the  Renaissance  style  (1576-80),  and  others  contain  handsome  wooden 
ceilings  and  panelling.  The  mural  paintings  on  the  '■FooW  Staircase\  re- 
presenting scenes  from  Italian  comedies ,  deserve  inspection.  The  upper 
floor  has  been  sumptuously  fitted  up  for  the  reception  of  the  King  of  Ba- 
varia (adm.  on  application  to  the  Archivist,  Dr.  Jorg,  in  the  castle).  In 
the  court  is  a  well,  surmounted  by  a  fine  wrought-iron  framework  ;  the 
pails  in  bronze  (executed,  according  to  the  inscription,  in  1558)  are  now 
kept  inside  the  castle.  Conradin,  the  last  of  the  Hohenstaufen,  was  born 
at  the  neighbouring  castle  of  Wolfstein  (now  a  ruin)  in  1252  and  spent  a 
great  part  of  his  childhood  at  the  Trausnitz.  The  best  descent  is  aflorded 
by  the  flight  of  steps  leading  to  the  Heiglkeller  (upper  town).  —  Beyond 
the  Trausnitz  lies  the  village  of  Berg,  separated  from  (I1/4  M.)  Landshut  by 
the  Hofgarten.  —  From  the  garden-restaurant  on  the  (1' '4  M.)  Klausenbevg, 
a  fine  view  is  obtained  of  the  town,  the  castle,  and  the  valley. 

Fkom  Landshut  to  Landau,  28  M.,  railway  in  2  hrs.,  the  shortest 
route  from  Munich  to  Eisenstein,  Pilseu,  and  Prague.  The  train  follows 
the  left  bank  of  the  Isar.  Stations  Altheim,  Ahrein,  Worth,  Loiching,  (18  M.) 
Ding ol fin g ,  an  old  town  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Isar.  Then  across  a 
tract  of  moorland  to  Gottfvieding.  Schtcaigen,  Pilsting,  and  Landau  (p.  244). 

A  railwav  also  runs  from  Landshut,  via  (8  M.)  Geisenhausen.  (14M.)  Vils- 
biburg,  and  (20'/-.'  31.)  Egglko/en,  to  (24';2M.)  Neumarkt  an  derRott  (p.  244). 

The  railway  ascends  the  valley  of  the  Isar.  Ibl^j^  M.  Oundtkofen ; 
to  the  left,  Schloss  Kronwinkel.  259  M.  Bruckberg,  with  a  small 
chateau  to  the  right  of  the  line;  then  on  the  right  Schloss  Isareck. 
The  Amper  is  crossed.  264  M.  Moosburg,  a  very  ancient  town  on 
the  Isar ;  the  Romanesque  church  contains  a  fine  old  carved  altar. 
In  clear  weather  the  Alps  soon  become  visible.    268  M.  Langenbach. 

27 A^ '.2ISI.  "Fxeising  (*Ettenhofer;  Zur  Eisenbahn,  unpretending; 
omu.  into  the  town  20  pf.),  a  town  with  9485  inhab.,  on  the  Isar, 
and  partly  on  a  hill  (Domberg),  has  been  the  seat  of  an  episcopal 
see  (now  Munich -Freising)  from  the  8th  cent,  to  the  present  day. 
Otho  von  Freising,  the  historian,  grandson  of  Emp.  Henry  lY.,  was 
bishop  here  from  1137  to  1158  (statue  in  theDomhof).  The  Roman- 
esque Caf/iedrai (11 61-1205),  with  its  two  towers  and  double  aisles, 
was  marred  by  internal  alterations  in  the  17th  century.  Observe  the 
late-Romanesque  portal  (partly  disfigured)  and  the  curious  quad- 
ruple crypt,  the  vaulting  of  which  rests  on  short  round  and  polygonal 
columns,  with  rich  capitals.  In  the  raised  vestibule,  to  the  left  on 
entering,  are  statuettes  of  Frederick  Barbarossa  and  his  wife  Be- 
atrix (?),  of  1161.  Gothic  choir -stalls.  The  cloisters  contain 
some  fine  tombstones.  The  Church  of  St.  Benedict,  connected 
with  the  cathedral  by  cloisters,  contains  a  fine  old  and  two  modern 
stained-glass  windows.  The  Clerical  Seminary,  opposite  the  cathe- 
dral, contains  early  German  paintings ,  sculptures,  etc.  —  To  the 
W.  lies  (20  min.)  the  loftily-situated  Weihenstephan ,  formerly  an 
abbey,  now  an  agricultural  college  and  brewery. 

Next  stations  Neufahrn,  Lohhof,  (288  M.)  Schleissheim  (p.  194), 
Feldmoching,  (2931/2  ^L)  Schioimmschule,  and  (296  M.)  Munich. 


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28.    Munich. 


iir.  D;     -rsATKiscuEB   noF    (iiavarian  aoiei;    i'l.   d,    t^   4j, 
z    19,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  5-Gutr,  B.  ijf.  30  pf.,  D.  at  1  p.m.  31/2,      i^ 
■'Hotel  BfiiJ-EVDE  (PI.  e;C,  4),  Karls-Platz  25,  R.,  L.,  &  A.-'T^ 
1  ^/;  =^Rheinischer  Hop  (PI.  d;  C,  4,  5),  Bayer-Str.,  near       ' 


Railway  Stations.  1.  Central  Railway  Station  (PI.  C,  4;  *Re3taurant), 
a  large  building  erected  in  187G-84,  forming  a  terminus  for  most  of  the 
lines.  The  omnibuses  of  the  larger  hotels  meet  the  trains  here  (3  4-1  Jf). 
—  2.  Starnherg  Station  (PI.  B,  4),  to  the  N.  df  the  Central  Station,  for 
the  trains  to  Starnberg,  Murnau-Partenkirchen,  and  Penzber^.  —  3,  4. 
Southern  Station  (PI.  B,  9j  and  Eastern  Station  (PI.  I,  7,  8j,  supplementary- 
stations  of  the  Rosenheim  and  Simbach  lines,  without  importance  for  the 
ordinary  tourist.  —  5.  liarthal  Railway  Station  (PI.  B,  10,  11),  for  the  local 
line  to  Wolfratshausen  fp.  i94j.  —  Porter  from  the  station  to  a  cab,  20  pf. 
up  to  110  lbs.,  40  pf.  up  to  220  lbs. ;  into  the  town,  small  articles  20  pf., 
trunk  under  110  lbs.  40  pf.,  under  220  lbs.  80  pf.  —  Cab  from  the  station 
to  the  town  with  one  horse,  i-2  pers.  50, 3  pers.  60  pf.  •,  with  2  horses,  1-4  pers., 
ijf;  from  10  p.m.  to  6  a.m.  double  fare  and  20  pf.  extra  fur  waiting.  Small 
articles  of  luggage  free,  trunks  under  55  lbs.  20  pf.,  above  55  lbs.  40  pf. 

Hotels  (often  full  in  the  season).  *Vier  Jahbeszeiten  (Four  Seasons ; 
PI.  a;  F,  4,  5),  Maximilian -Strasse  4,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  4-7  »//,  B.  IJi  20,  D. 
at  1  p.m.  4,  at  5  p.m.  41/2,  omn.  1  Jl ;  -Grand  Hotel  Contxxental  (PI.  e; 
D,  3,  4),  Otto-Str.  6;  'Batrische'b  Hof  (Bavarian  Hotel;  PI.  b,  E  4j, 
Promenade -Platz 
at  5  p.m.  41/2  Jfi 
from  5,  D.  4,  B. 

the  Central  Station,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  from  4  Jl,  B.  1  'J('20pi.;'  'Dom-Hotel 
(Hdl.  Detzer;  PI.  e,  E  5),  Kaufinger-Str.  23,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  3V2,  B.  1,  D.  3, 
pens.  6-7  M,  omn.  70  pf.;  Englischeu  Hof  (PI.  f;  E,  5),  Diener-Str.  11, 
R.,L.,&A.  from  4u5f,  B.  1  ui^  20  pf.,  Ih'd^jiJl;  Hotel  Leinfelder  (PI.  g; 
D,  4),  Karls-Platz  1,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  2V2-3  Ji,  B.  80  pf.,  D.  '6  Jl ;  *Marienbad 
(PI.  h;  D,  3),  Barer-Str.  11  and  20,  with  a  large  garden  and  baths,  R.,  L., 
&  A.  31/2-5,  B.  11/4-  D.  3-4,  pens,  in  winter  IJl.  —  Second-class:  ^Hotel 
Maximilian  (PI.  i;  F,  5),  Maximilian-Str.  44,  R.  <fe  L.  3-31/2,  B.  1  ^;*3iAX 
Emandel  (PI.  k;E,4),  Promenade-Platz,  R.  &  L.  2-3  ./^,  B.  80  pf.  ^'Kaiser- 
HOF  (PI.  p ;  C,  4),  Schiitzen-Str.  12,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  ii  2-3,  D.  21/2  Jly  B.  SO  pf. ; 
Deutschee  Kaiser  (PI.  r;  C,  4),  *H6t.  National  (Simmen;  PI,  a,  B  4), 
'Bahnhof  Hot.  Stecuer,  all  three  in  the  Arnulf-Str.,  near  the  Central  Station 
(N.  exit,  to  the  leftj,  R.  from  1^2  J( ;  "Hot.  de  FEorope  (PI.  1;  C,  4,  5), 
*H6t.  Neusigl  (PI.  q;  C,5),  Frankischer  Hof,  all  three  in  the  Senefelder- 
Str.,  near  the  Central  Station  (S.  exit,  to  the  right);  *Grand  Hot.  GRtJN- 
WALD  (PI.  w;  C,  4),  Dachauer-Str.  3,  near  the  Central  Station,  R.  from 
11/2  Jf;  Hot.  Horl  (PI.  v;  C,  4),  moderate,  Bahnhofs-Platz;  Hot.  Stachus 
(PI.  m;  C,  5),  Karls-Platz  24,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  from  2  .//,  B.  80  pf. ;  Oberpol- 
linger  (PI.  n,  D  5;  p.  138),  Neuhauser-Str.  41,  commercial;  Bambergeb 
Hof  (PI.  0,  D  5;  p.  141),  Neuhauser-Str.  26;  Hot.  Achatz  (PI.  u,  D  4; 
p.  141),  with  garden,  Hot.  Schnoll  (formerly  Abenthum;  Pl...t,  D  4),  both 
in  the  Maximilians-Platz;  Trefler's  Hotel,  Sonnen-Str.  21;  Osterbeichi- 
scHER  HoF  (Pl.d;B,  5),  Wittelsbacher  Hof,  Post,  all  in  the  Bayer-Str. ; 
ScHWEiZEB  Hof  (PI.  x;  C,  4),  Louisen-Str.  IV2;  Hot.  Kronpbinz  (PI.  z  ;  C,  5), 
Zweig-Str.  10,  R.  2-2Vj  M,  B.  70  pf.,  all  near  the  Central  Station.  —  Hotels 
Garnis.  *  Wolff  (PI.  b;  C,  4),  Arnulf-Str.  3,  at  the  Central  Station  (N. 
side);  Gassner  (PI.  c;  C,  5),  Bayer-Str.  37,  at  the  station  (3.  side) ;  *Roth 
(PI.  s;  F,  5),  Neuthurm-Str.  5,  R.  &  L.  21/2  Jl;  Rotal,  Karls-Platz  21.  — 
Pensions.  Fuchs,  Bellevue,  both  at  Brienner-Str.  8  (6-8 ./<if  per  day)  ;  Finck/i, 
Brienner-Str.  46;  Walteitberg ,  Brienner-Str.  47;  Olocker,  Maximilian-Str.  5; 
Seiler,  Karl-Str.  10;  Frau  Rath  Stremel,  Jagcr-Str.  15;  Fontana,  rtlaximi- 
liana-Platz  2;  Kreitmayr,  Maximilians-Platz  12;  Reindel- Belleville,  Fursten- 
Str.  9;  Vincenti,  Kaulbach-Str.  40;  Cortin-Oehr,  Kaulbach-Str.  47;  Diiml^r- 
Haus,  Leopold-Str.  21;  Forluna,  Kanal-Str.  46a;  Bhihni- Piquet,  Max-Joseph- 
Str.  1;  Hoffmann,  Luisen-Str.  38;  Biirger,  Luisen-Str.  42f;  Sclteidemann, 
Adalbert-sir.  48;  Frau  Oeret,  Bluthen-Str.  8;  Pens.  Korth,  Schnorr-Str.  9; 
Frau  Dr.  3/.  f»«cAer,  Wittelsbacher-Platz  2;  Quisisana,  Washeim,  Theresien- 
Str.  30  and  34;  Bauer,  Theresien-Str.  100;  Ntumann,  Schelling-Str.  87; 
Hursach,  Schelling-Slr.  62;  Quistorp,  Schellinc;-Str.  78;  Spangenberg,  Schel- 
liag-Str.  85  (Fiir^tenhaus);  Mme.Borely  Schonteld-Str.  11. 


138     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Cafes. 

Kestaurants  at  the  Kaiserhof,  Deutscher  Kaiser,  Grtinwald,  OherpolUnger, 
Bamberger  Hof^  Achatz,  SchnoU,  Trefler,  Roth^  and  other  hotels  (see  p.  137) ; 
at  most  of  the  wine  and  beer  houses  (see  below);  at  the  cafes  Luitpold^ 
Maximilian^  de  POp^ra,  Victoria,  Beck,  Gisela,  and  Gasteig  (see  below). 
Also:  ffof-Theater,  Max-Josephs-Platz ;  i,'&er^&ra«  (handsome  rooms),  Karls- 
thor;  Isarlust  (p.  141),  on  the  Isar  island,  pleasant  on  warm  evenings-, 
Englisches  Gafi,  Otto-Str.  16;  Paul,  Gartner-Platz.  The  usual  hour  for 
dinner  is  12-1,  for  supper  6-8. 

Wine  Saloons  (also  restaurants)  :  ^Schleich,  Brienner-Str.  6,  D.  12-3  p.m. 
'i.Jl;  "Restaurant  Franqais,  Brienner-Str.  8,  D.  from  Z  Jl ;  'Rathskeller 
(p.  189);  "JSberspacher,  in  the  Kunstgewerbehaus  (p.  188),  Pfandhaus-Str.  7, 
and  Kaufinger-Str.  15;  ■Crodemangre,  Maximilian-Str.  23 ;  'Junemarm  ( Eckel), 
Burg-Str.  17;  ''Kurtz,  Augustiner-Str.  1;  Gillitzer,  Prielmayer-Str.  18;  El- 
sdsser  Weinstube,  in  the  Hot.  Schnoll  (see  above) ;  Riidesheimer  Weinstube, 
Karmeliter-Str.;  Dilrkheimer.  Frauen-Platz  (Palatinate  wines);  D''Orville, 
Marien-Platz  21 ;  Neuner,  Herzogspital-Str.  2U  ;  Michel,  Rosen-Str.  11,  Hun- 
garian wines;  Veltliner  Weinhalle ,  Luitpold-Str.  5;  Stadt  Fatrat  (Greek 
wines),  Maximilians-PIatz  14;  Continental  Bodega  (Spanish  wines;  cold 
dishes),  Neuhauser-Str.  12;  Italienische  Weinstube,  Kapellen-Str.  5. 

Beer.  The  Hofbrduhaus ,  in  the  Platzl  (PI.  F,  5),  famous  among  Ba- 
varian beer-houses,  and  one  of  the  sights  of  Munich,  is  always  crowded  by 
persons  of  all  classes.  In  the  vicinity  (with  Hof  brau  beer) :  Platzl,  Re- 
gensburger  Wurstkiiche,  NUrnberger  Wurstkiiche ,  all  in  the  Miinz-Str. ;  Or- 
lando di  Lasso,  Platzl  4;  Zur  Scholastica,  Lederergasse  25;  Franziskaner, 
Residenz-Str.  9i  Biirgerbrdu,  Kaufinger-Str.  6;  Pschorr,  Spatenbrdu,  and 
Augustiner,  in  the  Neuhauser-Str. ;  Deutsehes  Haus,  Sophien-Str.  la;  NUrn- 
berger Bratwurstglockl,  Frauen-Platz  9;  Lohengrin,  Tiirken-Str.  50;  Stern- 
ecker,  Metzgerbrdu,  in  the  Thai ;  Hackerhrdu,  Eberlbrdu,  Sendlinger-Str. ; 
Cafd  Bock,  outside  the  Isarthor,  etc.,  etc.  —  The  large  'Bierkeller'  outside 
the  gates  also  attract  numerous  visitors  in  summer ;  they  generally  possess 
gardens  and  fair  restaurants.  Hofbrdukeller  (PI.  H,  6),  Wiener-Str.,  near 
the  Maximilianeum ;  Lowenbrdukeller  (PI.  B,  2:  p.  141),  Stiglmayer- Platz, 
with  a  terraced  garden  and  a  large  concert-room,  often  crowded ;  Franzis- 
kanerkeller  (PL  G-,  H),  Hoch-Str.  7,  with  view-terrace;  Miinchner  Kindl- 
keller  (PI.  G,  7;  p.  141),  Rosenheimer-Str.  15,  with  large  concert-room; 
Biirgerliches  Brduhaus  (PI.  G,  H,7;  p.  141),  Rosenheimer-Str.  29  ;  Sternecker- 
keller  (PI.  G,  6,  7),  these  on  the  right  bank  of  thelsar  (p.  192);  Augnstiner- 
keller  (PI.  A,  B,  8),  Arnulf-Str.;  Spatenbrdukeller  (PI.  A,  5),  Bayer-Str.  109; 
Hackerkeller  (PI.  A, 4),  Bayer-Str.  34;  Bavariakeller {2\.  A,b),  Theresienhohe. 
—  In  the  cellars  and  breweries  the  beer  is  served  only  in  large  earthenware 
mugs  holding  a  litre  ('Mass'),  but  in  the  restaurants  the  glasses  or  mugs 
contain  1/2  litre  only  ('eine  Quarf  =  1/4  litre).  The  following  kinds  of  beer 
are  drunk  in  spring  only:  Salvator  (strong),  at  the  Zacher  I- Keller,  Au  suburb 
(p.  192),  for  about  a  week  from  the  Sun.  before  19th  March;  Bock  (first 
introduced  from  Eimbeck  in  the  16th  cent.),  usually  in  May,  and  at  the 
festival  of  Corpus  Christi  in  June,  at  the  Hofbrduhaus,  etc. 

Cafes  (most,  with  the  exception  of  those  already  mentioned  among 
the  restaurants,  closed  in  the  evening).  -'Luitpold,  Brienner-Str.  8,  with 
English  and  other  newspapers;  Maximilian,  de  VOpira,  Victoria  (with 
garden),  all  in  the  Maximilian-Str.  ;  Prinz-Regent,  Prinz-Regenten-Str. ; 
Putscher,  Lutz,  Beck  (Arkaden-Cafi),  in  the  arcades  of  the  Hof-Garten, 
seats  outside  in  summer;  Gisela,  Fiirsten- Str.  2;  Central,  Brienner-Str.; 
Borsen-Cafe,  Maflfei-Str.  ;  Wittelsbach,  Banner,  Probst,  and  Karlsthor,  near 
the  Karlsthor;  Royal.  Karls-Platz  21;  Impirial,  Schiitzen-Str.  la,  outside 
the  Karls-Thor;  Union,  Herzogspital-Str.  12;  Schelling,  Schelling-Str.  56, 
near  the  New  Pinakothek;  Mikado,  Miiller-Str.  3a;  Tiirkisch  - Arabisches 
Cafi,  Eumford-Str.2;  Neplun,  Steinsdorfer-Str,  31,  near  the  Ludwigs-Briicke 
(p.  192);   Gasteig,  Innere  Wiener-Str.  31,  etc. 

Confectioners.  Rotlenhofer,  Residenz-Str.  26;  Brienner  Bdckerei,  Odeons- 
Platz  1 ;  Eyerich ,  Theatiner-Str. ;  Hof,  Promenaden-PIatz  6 ;  Bernhardt, 
Thereaien-Str.  25. 


Key  to  the  Flan  of  Munich. 


Academy  of   Art.  .  F,  1 
„       of  Science  D,  5 

Alte  Hof E,  5 

Anatomic C,  6 

Archiepis.  Palace  .  E,  4 

Art  Union F,  3 

Bank,  Bav E,  4 

Bavaria K^l 

Blind  Asylum  .  .  .  F,  2 
Botan.  Garden.  .  C, 3,4 
Bronze  Foundry  .  .  B,  1 
Cadets,  Corps  of.  .  A,  2 
Cemetery, 

Southern    .C,D,7,8 

— ,  new C,  8 

— ,  Northern  ....  D,  1 
Chem.  Laboratory  C,  3,  4 

Churches. 
Allerheiligen 

(Court-)  Chapel  F,  4 

St.  Anna G,  4 

Auer  (Maria - 
hilf)  Kirche  .  .  F,  8 

Basilica C,  3 

Carmelites  ....  D,  4 
Frauenkirche  .  .  E,  5 
Heiliggeist  ....  E,  5 

St.  John D,  6 

Ludwigskirche  .  F,  2 
St.Luke\s(Prot.)G,5,6 
St.  Mark's  (Prot.)  E,  3 
St.  Matthew's 

(Prot.) C,  5 

St.  Michael's  .  .  .  D,  5 

St.  Peter's    ....  E,  5 

Theatine  Ch.    .  .  E,  4 

Civic  Arsenal    .  .  .  E,  6 

Clinical  Inst.    D,  5,  C,  6 

Colosseum D,  7 

Commandant's 

Residence   .  .  .  F,  3 
Corn  Hall  ...    D,  E,  6 
Crystal  Palace  .  .  ,  C, 
Deaconess  Institute  D.  1 

Exchange E, 

Exhibition  Building  C, 
Feldherrnhalle  .  .  E,  4 
General  Hospital  .  C,  6 
Georgianum  ....  F,  1 
Glyptothek  .  C,  D,  2,  3 
Government 

Buildings.  .  .  .  G,  5 
Herzog  Max  Burg  .  L),  4 
Hofbrauhaus  ....  F,  5 
Hospital  of  St. 

Elizabeth ....  C,  6 
Hygienic  Institute  .  B,  6 
Industrial    Art 

School C,  2 


IndustrialExhibitionD,  4 

Isarthor F,  6 

Karlsthor    .   ...  D,  4,  5 
Law  Courts  .  .  .  C,  D,  4 

Library F,  2 

Lot/.beck  Collection  D,  3 
Lunatic  Asylum  .  .  H,  8 
Mary  Column  .  .  .  E,  5 
Maximilianeum  .  .  H,  5 
Max -Joseph  Inst.  .  F,  1 
Military  Hospital  .  A,  1 
„  School  .  .  A,  2 

Ministry  of  Finances  F,  3 
„       of  For- 
eign Affairs  E,  4 
„        of  the  In- 
terior  .  .  .  E,  4 

Mint F,  4,  5 

Monuments. 
Deroy,    Schel- 
ling,  Rumford, 
Fraunhofer  .   F,  G,  5 
Elector  Maximi- 
lian I E,  3 

—  Max  Emanuel  E,  4 
Gabelsberger  .  .  D,  4 
Gaertner,  Klenze  E,6,7 

Goethe U,  4 

King  Lewis  I.  .   .  E,  3 

„      Max  I.  ...  E,  4 
„      Max  II.    .  .  G,  5 

Liebig D,  4 

Nussbaum  ....   C,  6 

Schiller E,  3 

Senefelder  ....  D,  6 
Westenrieder, 
Gluck,  Kreit- 
mayr,  Orlando  E,  4 
National  Museum  F,  G,  5 

Obelisk D,  3 

Odeon E,  3 

Palaces. 
Duke  Max  ....  E,  3 

—  Ludwig  .  .  G,  H,  6 
Prince  Luitpold  .  E,  3 
Prince   Ludwig 

Ferdinand  .  .  .  E,  3 

Wittelsbach  .  .  .  E,  3 

Panoramas.  .  A,  5,  D,  1, 

Pathological  Inst.  .  C,  6 

Pharmacological 

Inst C, 

Phvsiological  Inst.     C 
Pinakothek,  Old     .  D,  2 

— ,  New D,  2 

Police  Office  ....  E,  5 

Polytechnic  School  D,  2 

Post  Office  ....  E,  4,  5 

1  Priests'  Seminary  .  F,  2 


PropylsRa C,  3 

Railway  Station, 

Central C,  4 

Rathhaus,  Old  .  .  .  E,  5 

— ,  New E,  5 

Reichsbank  ....  F,  3 
Riding  School.  .  .  .  F,  4 
Royal  Palace     .    E,  F,  4 

—  Stables F,  4 

Schack's  Picture 

Gallery     ....  C,  3 
Schwanthaler 

Museum    ....  C,  5 
Schiissel,  Passage  .  E,  6 

Siegesthor F,  1 

Slaughter  House.  .  B,  8 

Standehaus E,  4 

Synagogue D,  4 

Telegraph  Office    .  C,  4 
Theatres. 

Hof-Theater  .  .  .  F,  4 

Residenz-Theat.  .  F,  4 

Gartner -Platz- 

Theater   ....  E,  7 

Volks-Theater  0,  D,  5 

Turnhalle B,  1 

University F,  1 

VeterinarySchoolF,G,  1 
War  Office.  ...  F,  2,  3 

Hotels, 
a    Four  Seasons  F,  4,  5 

b    Bavaria E.  4 

c    Bellevue C,  4 

d  RheinischerHof  C,4,5 
e  Continental  .  D.  3,  4 
f  Englischer  Hof.  E,  5 
g  Leinfelder  ....  D,  4 
h  Marienbad  .  .  .  D,  3 
i  Maximilian  .  .  .  F,  5 
k  Max-Emanuel  .  .  E,  4 
1     Hot.del'EuropeC,4^  5 

m  Stachus C,  5 

n  Oberpollinger  .  .  D,  5 
0  Bamberger  Hof  D,  5 
p   Kaiserhof  ....  C,  4 

q    Neusigl C,  5 

r    Deutscher  Kaiser  C,  4 

s    Roth F,  5 

t    SchnOn D,  4 

u    Achatz D,  4 

V    Horl C,  4 

w  Griinwald  ....  C,  4 
X  Schweizer  Hof  .  C,  4 
y  Dom-Hotel .  .  D,  E,  5 
z    Kronprinz  ....  C,  5 

a    National B,  4 

6    Wolff C,  4 

c    Gassner C,  5 

d   Oester.  Hof  .  .  .  B,  5 


140    Route  28.  MUNICH.  Cahs. 

Baths.  Maximiliansbad  (PI.  F,  o),_Kanal-Str.  19,  with  swimming-bath ; 
Kaiser -Wilhelm- Bad,  Lindwurm-Str.  70,  with  garden  and  restaurant-,  Ba- 
variabad,  Tiirken-Str.  68b;  Centralbad  (PI.  C,  4),  Lammer-Str.  3;  Marien- 
bad  (seep.  137);  Giselabad,  Miiller-Str.  29,  30;  Wostermayr,  Miiller-Str.  45, 
with  swimming-baths.  —  Baths  in  the  WUvm,  at  Schwabing  (p.  152),  to 
the  X.P:.  of  the  terminus  of  the  tramway-line  mentioned  below :  'Ungerer, 
with  garden,  etc.;  Ger mania-Bad.  Also  at  Oern,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Nymphenburg  steam-tramway. 

Cabs.  (Broschke,  a  one-horse  vehicle,  for  2-3  pers.  only;  Fiaker,  with 
two  horses.)  One-horse:  ^/thv.,  1-2 pers.  50,  3 pers.  60 pf.;  '/2  hr.  1  Jf  or  i  Ji 
20  pf. ;  3/4  hr.  1  ^/  50  or  IJ^  SO  pf. ;  1  hr.  2  Jif  or  2  u!f  40  pf. ;  IV4  hr.  21/2 
or  3  j;^ ;  11/2  hr.  3  Jf  OT  3  Jf  QO  pf. ;  2  hrs.  4  Jif  or  4  Uif  80  pf. ;  3  hrs.  5  J( 
60  or  6  J'/  80  pf. ;  each  additional  1/4  ^^-  40  or  50  pf.  —  Two-horse;  1/4  ^r-5 
1-4  pers.  1  J(,  5-6  pers.  1  ^  10  pf. ;  1/2  hr.  2  ^  or  2  Ji  20  pf. ;  3/4  hr.  2  Jf 
50  or  2  U'/  80  pf. ;  1  hr.  3  Ji?  or  3  US(  40  pf. ;  IV4  hr.  3  ^  70  or  4  J^f  20  pf. ; 
IV2  hr.  4  J^  40  pf.  or  5  ^,-  2  hrs.  5  UJf  80  or  6  Uif  80  pf. ;  3  hrs.  8  J^  60  or 

9  .^  SO  pf. ;  each  V4  hr.  additional  70  or  80  pf.  —  Tariff  for  drives 
to  the  following  places,  for  a  Droschke  with  1-2  pers.,  and  a  Fiaker 
with  1-4  pers.  respectively:  the  Bavaria  1  Uif  or  1  USf  80  pf. ;  Chinese 
Tower  70  pf.  or  IV2  Jl ;  Brunnthal  80  pf.  or  1  ^/  80;  Bogenhausen 
1  OT  2  Jl ;  Kleinhesselohe  i  Jl  or  2  Jl  20  pf. ;  Nymphenburg  2Jlov3jl 
60  pf.  If  the  carriage  is  used  in  returning,  the  return-drive  is  paid  for 
by  time.  —  The  fare  for  the  first  V4  ^^-  must  be  paid  in  full,  however 
short  the  drive;  for  less  than  5  min.  of  an  additional  1/4  hr.,  10  or  20  pf. 
only  is  paid.  From  dusk  till  10  p.m.,  10  pf.  per  V4  ^^-  is  charged  for 
the  lamps.  From  10  p.m.  to  6a.m.  double  fares,  also  from  the  stations 
after  9  p.m.  double  fares  and  20  pf.  extra  as  waiting-money.  Luggage  up  to 
55lbs.,  20  pf.,  above  551bs.,  40  pf. ;  small  articles  free. 

Steam  Tramway  from  the  Arnulf-Str.  (N.  side  of  the  Central  Railway 
Station;  PI.  B,  4),  vi&  Neuhausen  and  the  villas  of  Neu-Wittelsbach,  to 
Nymphenburg  (p.  194),  every  hour  in  the  morning,  every  V2  hr.  in  the  after- 
noon (on  Sun.  every  10  min.),  in  25  min.  (fare  20  pf.). 

Tramways   (with   system   of  correspondence -tickets;   1   or   2  sections 

10  pf.,  each  addit.  section  5  pf.).  The  first  cars  start  at  7  a.m.,  the  last 
at  10  and  11.30  p.m.  —  1.  Ring  Line:  From  the  Central  Station  (PI.  C,  4) 
by  the  SendJingerthor-Platz  (PI.  D,  6),  Isarthor-Platz  (PI.  F,  6),  Maxi- 
m'ilian  Monument  (PL  G,  5),  Gallerie-Str.  (PI.  F,  3),  Ludwig-Slr.,  There- 
sien-Str.,  and  Augusten-Str.  (PI.  C,  1-3),  back  to  the  Central  Station  (red 
lamps,  etc.).  —  2.  From  Schwabing  (p.  152)  by  the  Ludwigs-Str.,  Maximi- 
lians-Platz  (PI.  E,  D,  4),  Bayer-Str.,  and  Theresienhohe,  to  the  Lands- 
berger-Strasse  (PL  A,  4,  5;  green).  —  3.  From  Neuhausen.  (to  the  N.W.  of 
PL  A,  1,  2)  by  the  Nymphenburger-Str.,  Dachaner-Str.,  Central  Station, 
Bayer -Str.,  Promenad'en-PIatz  (PL  F,  4),  and  Barer-Str.  (Old  and  New 
Pinakothek)  to  the  Hermann-Strasse  (to  the  N.E.  of  PL  E,  1;  white;  yellow 
board  on  cars  going  towards  the  Pinakothek).  —  4.  From  the  Hof-Theater 
(PL  F,  4)  by  the  Maximilians-Str.,  Johannes-Platz  (PL  H,  I,  6),  the  East 
Railway  Station  (PL  I,  7,  8),  Orleans-Str.,  and  Rosenheimer-Str.,  to  the 
Ludwigs-BrUcke  (PL  G,  6,  7;  white).  —  5.  From  the  Arnulf-Strasse  (PL  B, 
4)  by  the  Bayer-Str.,  Karlsthor,  Marien-PIatz  (PL  E,  5),  and  Ludwigs- 
Briicke  to  the  Wiener- Str aise  (PL  H,  6;  yellow).  —  6.  From  the  Karls- 
Platz  (PL  C,  5)  by  the  Sendlingerthor-Platz  (PL  D,  6)  and  the  Lindwurm- 
Str.  to  the  Sendlingerberg  (to  the  S.W.  of  PL  A,  8;  blue).  —  7.  From  the 
Frauen-Slrasse  (PL  E,  6)  bv  the  Reichenbad-Briicke  (PL  E,  8)  to  the  Frei- 
bad-Strasse  (PL  E,  10;  green).  —  8.  From  the  Bahnhof  -  Platz  (PL  C,  4) 
by  the  Goethe-Str.,  Kapuziner-Str.  (PL  C,  8),  and  Wittelsbacher-Briicke 
to  Giesing  (PL  E,  10).  —  9.  Electric  tramway  from  the  Fdrbergraben  (PL 
E,5)  by  the  Seadlinger-Strasse,  the  Thalkirchner-Str.  (S.  cemeteries),  and 
South   Railway   Station  to  the  Isarthal  Railway  Station  (PL  B,  10,  11). 

Post  Office  in  the  Max-Joseph -Platz  (PL  E,  4,  5;  poste  reatante);  also 
at  the  Central  Railway  Station.  Branch -offices  at  Thekla-Str.  3,  Zwei- 
brucken-Str.  37,  Theresien-Str.  31  and  43,  Neuhauser-Str.  51  (Old  Academy), 
Adalbert-Str.  9,  Leopold-Str.  62  (Schwabing),  etc.  Offices  open  from  8  a.m. 
to  8  p.m.;    on  Sun.   and  holidays,   8-9,   11-12,   &  5-7.   —  Telegraph  Office 


Theatres.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.      141 

(PI.  C,  4)  at  Bahnhof-Platz  1^  also  at  the  General  Post  Office,  and  at  the 
three  first-mentioned  branch  post-offices.  —  Telephone  Offices  at  the  tele- 
graph office,  at  the  Central  Station,  and  at  the  post-ofTices. 

Tourist  Agents.  Schenker  <C-  Co.  (agent  fur  H.  Gaze  rf-  Son),  Prome- 
nade-Platz  5.  —  Private  Intelligence  Office,  Kaulbachstr.  47. 

Porters.  For  an  errand  of  V-'  M.  within  the  city  with  33  lbs.  of  luggage 
20  pf.,  each  addit.  1/2  M.  iO  pf. ;  for  a  message  without  luggage  10  pf.  per 
6  minutes.     The  porter  should  give  a  counter-check. 

Theatres.  "Jlof-  und  National-Theater  (PI.  F,  4 ;  p.  148),  performances  al- 
most daily  (closed  in  July).  Ordinary  charges  for  operas:  dress-circle  C6af- 
kon)  4-6  Jly  parquet  {i.e.  reserved  seats  in  the  parterre  or  pit)  k-b  M,  par- 
quet standing-place  3-4  Jl,  pit  1  Ji?  40  pf.- 1  ^  60  pf.  (charges  much  higher 
at  the  Wagner  Performances  in  Aug.  and  Sept. :  dress-circle  15-25  M,  Erster 
Rang  or  gallery  above  the  dress-circle  10-15,  Zweiter  Rang  6-10  Jl,  etc.). 
Charges  for  plays:  parquet  2-8'/2  Jl ;  dress-circle  8V:r4  Ji ;  pit  1  Ji.  Per- 
formances usually  begin  at  7  p.m.  Qong  operas  at  6  p.m.).  Performances 
at  rediiced  prices  are  given  occasidnally.  Box-office  open  9-1  and  5-5.30 
o'clock  ;  entrance  in  the  Maximilians-Str. ;  booking-fee  for  next  day  30  pf. ; 
tickets  also  sold  at  the  Kiosque  in  the  Maximilians-Platz,  adjoining  the 
Herzog- Max -Burg  (PI.  D,  4;  open  8-6;  fee  10  pf.).  —  -Residenz  -  Theater 
(PI.  F,  4;  p.  148),  where  plays  are  performed  on  Sundays,  Tuesdays,  and 
Saturdays:  parquet  and  pit-boxes  3V2-4  J5f  (prices  raised  in  Aug.  &  Sept.). 
Tickets  at  the  box-office  of  the  Hof-Theater  and  at  the  Kiosque  (see  above). 
Performances  begin  at  7  p.m.  —  Gdrtner-Platz  Theatre  (PI.  E,  7;  p.  192), 
for  comedies,  operettas,  and  ballet :  front-row  of  first  gallery  3'/2,  parquet 
2Jl.  Tickets  at  the  box-office  (see  above),  at  the  Kiosoue,  and  at  Haber's 
music-shop,  Marien- Platz  3.  Performances  begin  at  7.30  p.m.  —  Volks- 
Theater  (PI.  C,  D,  5;  p.  191),  Sonnen-Str.  5  (entr.  in  the  Josephspital-Str.), 
for  farces,  popular  pieces,  and  operettas;  reserved  seat  1  M.  Performances 
at  8  p.m.  —  Marionette  Theatre,  Mars-Str.  13,  on  Sun.  afternoons  in  winter. 
—  Variety  Theatres  (with  restaurants):  ''KiVs  Colosseum  (PI.  D,  7),  Colos- 
seum-Str.  2;  "Bhimensdle  (PL  D,  7),  Blumen-Str.  29;  Monachia,  Herzog- 
Wilhelm-Str.,  near  the  Karlsthor. 

Concerts.  Lowenbraukeller  (p.  138;  military  band  almost  every  evening 
in  summer);  Isarhist  (p.  156):  Miinchener  Kindl-  Keller  (p.  138);  Biirger- 
liehes  Brduhauf  (p.  138)  \  Achatz  (p.  187)-,  Oherpollinger,  Bamberger  Hof  (i^.  137; 
popular  songs;  for  men  only);  Volksgarten  at  Nymphenhurg  (p.  194).  — 
High-class  concerts  in  winter  at  the  Odeon  (PI.  E,  3;  p.  150)  and  in  the 
Museum,  Promenade-Str.  (PI.  E,  4). 

Military  Band  daily  at  12  at  the  guard-house,  Marien-Platz  (PI.  E,  5; 
p.  189),  and  on  Tues.,  Thurs.,  Sat.,  and  Sun.  in  front  of  the  Feldherrnhalle 
(PI.  E,  4;  p.  131)  at  the  same  hour.  In  summer  also  every  Wed.  evening, 
5-6,  in  the  Hofgarten,  and  on  Sat.  evenings  near  the  Chinese  tower  in  the 
English  Garden  at  the  same  hour  (p.  193). 

Church  Festivals.  Music  at  the  Court  Church  of  St.  Michael  (p.  190)  on 
Sun.  at  high  mass,  9  a.m. ;  on  the  Sundays  of  Advent  and  Lent,  and  during 
Passion  Week,  vocal  only;  on  Holy  Thursday  and  Good  Friday  at  7  p.m. 
a  grand  Miserere  (by  Allegri,  etc.),  when  the  church  is  illuminated  by 
a  cross  composed  of  800  flames  ;  military  mass  with  military  music  in  the 
same  church  at  11  (only  when  the  court  is  present).  —  Church-music  in  the 
Frauenkirche  (p.  189)  at  9,  in  the  Allevheiligenkirche  (p.  148;  only  when 
the  court  is  present)  at  11  a.m.  —  On  Corpus  Chrisli  Day  (2nd  Thurs.  after 
Pentecost)  a  great  procession,  shared  in  by  the  court  and  the  chief  officials, 
wends  from  the  Frauenkirche  through  the  chief  streets  of  the  city.  — 
On  the  days  of  All  Saints  and  All  Souls  (Nov.  1st  &  2nd)  the  Cemeteries 
are  decorated  with  flowers,  etc.,  and  the  Royal  Vaults  in  the  Hofkirche, 
Frauenkirche,  and  Theatinerkirchc  are  open  to  the  public. 

Popular  Festivals.  During  the  Carnival  large  public  masked  balls 
('Redouten')  are  held  in  Kil's  Colosseum  (see  above),  the  Blumenaale,  the  , 

Centralsale,  Neuturm  -  Str.,    the  Sliinchener  Kindl-Keller,    the  Lowenbrau-        •  '• 
keller  (p.  13S),  and  other  reports.    On  the  first  Sun.  of  May   and   the  third  | 

Sun.  of  Oct.  a  DnU.  or  fair,  is  held  at  the  suburb  of  Haidhausen  (p.  157).  \ 

On  Whitsunday  there  is  a    Church-Fair  ('Kirchweih')  at  Grosshesaelohe  | 


r 


142   Route  28.  MUNICH.  Collections. 

(p.  193).  The  so-called  Magdalen  Festival  takes  place  at  Kymphenburg 
(p.  194)  from  July  22nd  to  July  29th.  On  the  Sun.  after  July  25th  (Day  of 
St.  James)  there  is  a  Dull  at  Au  (p.  192).  The  October  Festival,  founded 
by  King  Lewis  I,  in  1810  and  celebrated  on  the  Theresienwiese  (p.  191) 
from  the  end  of  Sept,  to  the  middle  of  Oct.,  attracts  large  crowds  of 
peasants  from  Upper  Bavaria;  it  includes  an  agricultural  show,  horse- 
races, etc.  The  so-called  Metzgersprung  ('Butchers'  Festival')  takes  place 
in  the  Marien-Platz  (p.  189)  on  Carnival  Monday  every  third  year.  The 
Schdfflertanz  ('Coopers'  Dance')  is  celebrated  every  seven  years! 

Collections,  etc.  (adm.  free  unless  the  contrary  is  stated)  :  — 
Academy  of  Science  (p.  190),  palseontological,  mineralogical,   and  zoologi- 
cal collections,   Sun.  10-12,  Wed.   and  Sat.  2-4  (in  winter  Sun.  &  Sat. 
only) ;  at  other  times  for  a  fee. 
Anatomical  and  Pathological  Collections  (p.  191),  on  week-days,  12-2  (adm. 
by  ticket,  50  pf.,   obtained  in  the  Academv,  Neuhauser-Str.,    between 
10  &  12). 
Antiquarium  (in   the  New  Pinakothek,   p.  179),   Tues.  and  Sat.,   8-12;   in 

winter.  Tues.  only,  10-12. 
Arco-Zinneberg  Collection  of  Antlers  (p.  157),  daily  on  application  (fee). 
Arsenal  and  Military  Museum  (p.  187),   in   summer,  Tues.   and  Frid.   9-12 
and  3-5,   and  Sun.  9-12,   free ;    on  Mon.  and  Thurs.  9-12  and  3-5,  1  Jl. 
Art  Exhibition  of   the   MUnchener  Kiinstlergenossenschaft   at  the  Exhibition 
Building  (p.  184)  daily  9-5^  Nov.  to  Feb.  9-4,   adin.  50  pf.  —  'Annual 
Exhibition   of  the   same  society  in   the   Crystal  Palace   (p.  187),   from 
1st  June    to  31st  Oct.,    daily   9-6,    1  Jl-  —  "^ International  Exhibition  of 
the  Vtrein  Bildender  Kiinstler  (the  so-called  '■Secession^),  at  the  Exhibition 
building  in  the  Prinz-Regenten-Str.  (PI.  F,3;  p.  149),  daily  from  1st  June 
to  31st  Oct.,  9-6;  1  JL  —  Other  exhibitions :    Wimmer  tb  Co.,  Brienner- 
Str.  3;     Neumann,    Maximilians- Str.   33;     Fleischmann,    Maximilians- 
Str.  2,   etc. 
Art  Union  or  Kunstverein  (p.  149)  daily  (except  Sat.),  10-6.     Strangers  are 
admitted  gratis  once,   on  application   to   the  secretary  (first  floor),    or 
when  introduced  bv  a  member;  ticket  for  four  weeks  2  Jl. 
^Bavaria  and  Ruhmesh'alle  (p.  191),   9-12   and  2-7,  in  winter  10-12  and  2-4; 

adm.  40  pf. 
Botanical  Garden  (p.  187),  week-days.  8-6;  palm-house  on  Mon.  &  Thurs., 

2-5,   with  guide;  closed  on  Saturdays  and  Sundavs. 
Bronze  Foimdru  (p.  186),  week-days  1-6,  Sun.  12-2,  adm.  40  pf. 
Cabinet  of  Coins  (at  the  Academy,  p.  190),  by  special  permission. 
Cabinet  of  Drawings  (Old  Pinakothek,  p.  172),  Tues.,  Frid.,  9-1. 
Cabinet  of  Engravings  (Old  Pinakothek,  p.  172),  in  summer,  Mon.  &  Thurs. 

9-12,  Tues.  (fc  Frid.  9-1 ;  in  winter,  Tues.  &  Frid,  9-1. 
Cabinet  of  Natural  History  (p.  190),  see  Academy  of  Science. 
Cabinet  of  Vases  (p.  173),  in  the  Old  Pinakothek,  9-1,  daily  except  Wed.  & 

Sat.  (in  winter.  Sun.,  Tues.,  and  Thurs.). 
Collection  of  Fossils  (p.  190),  see  Academy  of  Science. 
*Feslsaalbau,  see  Palace. 
Frauen-Kirche,  N.   tower  (p.  189),  daily,   tickets  from  the  sacriatan  40  pf. 
Glass- Painting.,  Brienner-Str.  33  ;  show-room  dailv,  9-12  &,  3-5. 
"Glyptothek  (p.  180),  free  on  Mon.  and  Frid.  8-12  and  2-4,  Wed,  8-12  (in  winter 
Mon.  and  Frid,  9-2,  Wed.  9-1).    On  other  days  at  the  same  hours  iJl. 
Closed  during  the  'October  Festival'  (see  above), 
Hof-Theater  (p.  148),  arrangements  of  the  interior,  Mon.,  Wed.,  Sat.  at  2 

p.m.  precisely;  50  pf. 
Hofwagenburg  {Roval  Coach  Honses;   p.  148),  week-days  9-12  and  2-4,  Sun. 

and  holidays  9-12  (50  pf.);  Wed.,  2-4,  free. 
Kaulbach  Museum  (p.  150),  daily,  2-4. 

Kunstgewerbehaus  (p.  1S8),   Pfandhaus-Str.  7,    exhibition  and   sale  of  art- 
industrial  objects,  week-days  8-7,  Sun,  and  holidays  11-1,  free. 
Kunstverein.,  see  Art  Union. 
^Library  (p,   150),   for   readers  on  week-days,   9-1   (Sat.  8-12);   for   visitors 

(•Cimelien''),  in  summer,  daily,  9-12;  fee  1/2-I  Jif. 
Loizbeck's  Collection  (p.  158),  Tues.  and  Frid.  9-3;  fee  50  pf. 


Diary.  MUNICH.  '28.  Route.    143 

Maillinger  Collection  (p.  192),  Sun.,  Tues.,  &  Frid.,  9-1. 
Maximilianeum  (collection  of  modern  historical  paintings,  p.  156),  in  sum- 
mer,  Wed.    and  Sat.  lU-12. 
Mayer's.  Collection  of  Ecclesiastical  Ornaments^  Stiglmayer-Platz,  daily. 
-Minerals.,  Collection  of.,  see  Academy  of  Science.  A 

''Museum,  Bavarian  National  (p.  153),  daily,  May  to  Sept.  9-3,  Oct.  to  April     ^-O 

10-2;  closed  on  Mon.  ;  gratis  on  Sun.  and  Thurs. ;  on  other  days  i  Jl. 
Museum  of  the  City  of  Munich,  Historical  (p.  192),  Sun.,  Mon.,  &.  Thurs.,  9-1. 
Museum,  Ethnographical   (p.  149),   Wed.  and  Sun.,   9-12;   in  winter.   Sun. 

only,  10-12. 
Museum  of  Plaster  Casts   (p.  149),   Mon.,  Wed.,  Thurs.,  and  Sat.,  3-5,  in 

winter  2-4. 
* Nibelungen  Rooms  (p.  147),  in  the  Palace,  see  below. 
Observatory  (p.  193),  Taes.  &  Frid.,  8-11  &  2-5. 

Palace  (p.  145) :  Kaiserzimmer  (p.  146),    TiHerzimmtr  (p.  146),    Papslzinimer 
(p.  146),  ^ Festsaalbau  (p.  147),  and  -Nibelungen  Saloons  (p.  147)  daily  at 
11  a.m.  precisely,  except  Sun. ;  tickets  1  Jl  (obtained  at  the  approach    \  / 
liO^tlfd  broad  flight   of  steps,   to   the   left   in   the   passage,    by  Herzog      "i^ 
Christofs-Stein,    a  little  before   11  a.m.).      The  Odyssey  Saloons  are  at     / 
present  closed.     The  "Treasury  (p.  146;  June  to  Sept.,  Tues.  and  Frid., 
9-11  a.m.)  and  the  'Reiche  Capelle  (p.  146;    3Ion.  &  Thurs.,  9-11  a.m.) 
are  shown  by  tickets,   which   are  issued  between  9  and  1().30  a.m.  at 
the  Grottenhof,  adioining  the  Gensdarmes'  Guard-room  (2  Jt)- 
Panoramas.     In  the  Theresien-Str.  (PI.  D,  1 ;   p.    180) :    Emp.  Constantine 
entering   Rome   in  312,    bv  Biihlmann   and  Wagner;   daily  from  9  till 
dusk,  iJl.  —  On  the  Theresienhohe  (PI.  A,  5):  The  Battle  of  Orleans, 
by  Diemer  and  Nisle  (adm.  1  M). 
St.  Peter's  Church,  tower  (p.  189),   daily,  tickets  from  attendant,  40  pf. 
-" Pinakothek,  Old  (p.  158),  Sun.,  Tues.,  Wed.,  and  Frid.  9-3  (in  winter  9-2);     V, 
Mon.  and  Thurs.  9-5  (in  winter  9-4) ;  closed  on  Saturday.  /N 

*Pinakothek,  New  (p.  173),  Sun.,  Tues.,  Thurs.,  Sat.,  8-12  and  2-4  (in  winter 

10-2);  porcelain-paintings,  same  days  and  hours. 
"Porcelain  Paintings  (l^ew  Pinakothek,  p.  174),  see  above. 
Rathhaus,  New  (p.  1S9) :   admission  to  the  council-rooms  2-3  (Sun.  10-12), 

on  application  to  the  custodian  (fee). 
'Reiche  Capelle  (p.  146),  in  the  Palace  (see  above). 
*'Schack  Picture  Gallery  (p.  184),  daily  2-5,  in  winter  2-4. 
Schwanthaler  Museum  (p.  191),  3Ion.,  Wed.,  Frid.,  9-2;  at  other  times,  adm. 

35  pf. 
Slaughter  Houses  and    Cattle  Market  (p.  191),    week-days  8-5,    Sun.  10-2  5 

tickets  at  the  restaurant  (20  pf.). 
Synagogue  (p.  190),  daily,  except  Sat.,  9-12  and  2-4  (40  pf.). 
Treasury  (p.  146),  in  the  Festsaalbau,  see  Palace.  \ 

Churches.  The  Frauenkirche  (p.  189)  is  open  all  day  (best  seen  12-4),  \ 
the  Theatinerkirche  (p.  149)  and  Auerkirche  all  day  except  11-1,  the  Basilica 
(p.  187)  except  12-1,  and  the  Ludwigskirche  (p.  151)  except  12-2.  The  Court 
Church  of  St.  Michael  (p.  190)  is  closed  after  11  a.m.  The  Allerheili<jen- 
Hofkirche  (p.  148;  entr.  usually  from  the  Brunnenhof)  is  shown  by  tickets 
(20  pf.)  obtained  in  the  Sacristy  after  middav  (in  July,  Aug.,  &  Sept.  after 
10.30  a.m.). 

Diary  (summer).  Daily:  Botanical  Garden  8-6,  closed  on  Sun.;  Kunst- 
gewerbehaus  8-7,  Sun.  and  holidays  11-1;  Old  Pinakothek  9-3  (Mon.,  Thurs., 
9-5),  exc.  Sat.;  Library  9-12,  exc.  Sun.;  Pictures  of  the  Kunstverein  10-6, 
exc.'Sat.  ;  Bronze  Foundry  1-6,  Sun.  12-2;  Palace  at  11,  exc.  Sun.;  Ifational 
Museum  9-2,  exc.  Mon.;  New  Rathhaus  2-3,  Sun.  10-12;  Schack's  Gallery  2-5  ; 
Anatomical  collections  12-2;  Panoramas,  from  9  a.m.;  Exhibition  of  Art  in 
the  Kunstausstellungs-Gebaude  9-5  (Sun.  &  holidays  9-1),  in  the  Crystal 
Palace  9-6,  in  the  Prinz-Re;^enten-Str.  ('Secession'')  9-6;  Bavaria  and 
Ruhmeshalle  9-12  and  2-7  ;  Kaulbach  Museum  2-4,  exc.  Sun. ;  Hofwagenburg 
9-12  and  2-4,  Sun.  9-12. 

Sundays:  Military  and  Church  Music,  see  p.  141.  New  Pinakothek 
and  porcelain -paintings  8-12,  2-4.  Cabinet  of  Vases  9-1.  Ethnographical 
Museum   9-1.       Maillinger   Collection  9-1.      City    of    Munich   Museum   9-1. 


144   Route  28.  MUNICH.  History. 

Military  Museum  9-12.  Mineralogical  and  Palteonfological  Collections  10-12. 
—  Mondays  :  Glyptothek  8-12  and  2-4.  Reiclie  Capelle  9-11.  Cabinet  of 
Engravings  9-12.  Military  Museum  9-12  and  3-5.  Cabinet  of  Vases  9-1. 
Munich  Museum^  9-1.  Schwanthaler  Museum  9-2  (see  p.  191).  Hof-Theater 
(interior)  2.  Plaster  Casts  3-5.  —  Tuesdays:  New  Pinakothek  and  porcelain- 
paintings  8-12,  2-4.  Observatory  8-11  and  2-5.  Treasury  9-11.  Military 
Museum  9-12  and  3-5.  Cabinets  "of  Drawings  and  Engravings  9-1.  Cabinet 
of  Vases  9-1.  Antiquarium  8-12.  Maillinger  Collection  9-1.  Lotzbeck 
Collection  9-3.  —  Wednesdays  :  Glyptothek  8-12.  Maximilianeum  10-12. 
Museum  of  Casts  3-5.  Mineralog.  and  Palfeont.  Collections  2-4.  Hof- 
Theater  (interior)  2.  Schwanthaler  Museum  9-2.  Ethnograph.  Museum  9-1. 
Military  music  in  the  Hofgarten  5-6.  —  Thursdays  :  Xew  Pinakothek  and 
porcelain-paintings  8-12,  2-4.  Cabinet  of  Engravings  9-1.  Reiche  Capelle 
9-11.  Militarv  Museum  9-12  and  3-5.  Cab.  of  Vases  9-1.  Munich  Museum 
9-1.  Plaster  Casts  3-5.  —  Fridays:  Treasury  9-11.  Glyptothek  8-12,  2-4. 
Drawings  and  Engravings  9-1.  Schwanthaler"  Museum  9-2.  Maillinger  Col- 
lection 9-1.  Observatory  8-11  and  2-5.  Blilitary  Museum  9-12  and  3-5. 
Lotzbeck  Collection  9-3.  —  Saturdays  :  Old  Pinakothek  closed.  New 
Pinakothek  and  porcelain-paintings  8-12,  2-4.  Maximilianeum  10-12.  Museum 
of  Casts  3-5.  Mineralog.  and  Palaeont.  Collections  2-4.  Antiquarium  8-12. 
Hof-Theater  (interior)  2.  Military  music,  at  the  Chinese  Tower  in  the 
Engl.  Garden  5-6.  —  A  *Drive  (fiacres  see  p.  140)  in  the  English  Garden 
(p.  193)  or  in  the  Gasteig  Grounds  (p.  157),  is  recommended  after  a  morning 
of  sight-seeing;  also  excursions  by  the  Isarthal  railway  (p.  194)  or  on  the 
Stamberger  See  (p.  195). 

Greatest  Attractions:  Old  Pinakothek  (p.  158),  New  Pinakothek 
(p.  173),  National  Museum  (p.  153),  Basilica  (p.  187),  Palace  (p.  145),  Glypto- 
thek (p.  180),  Schack  Gallery  (p.  184). 

English  Church  Service  in  the  Odeon  (p.  150)  at  11  a.m.  and  3.30  p.m. 
(in  winter  3  p.m.). 

British  Minister  Eesident:  V.  A.  W.  Drummond,  Esq.,  Barer-Str.  15, 
11-2;  Consul,  John  S.  Smith,  Esq.,  Barer-Str.  14,  11-1.  —  American 
Consul:  Ealph  Steiner,  Esq. 

Municli  (1703  ft.),  the  capital  of  Bavaria,  with  350,600  inhab. 
(incl.  6100  Jews  and  a  garrison  of  9300  men),  lies  on  the  S.  side 
of  a  sterile  plain,  50  sq.  M.  in  area,  chiefly  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Isar,  which  emerges  from  a  narrow  gorge  (10  M.  long)  about  41/2  M. 
above  the  city.  The  lofty  situation  of  the  city  and  its  proximity  to 
the  Alps  render  it  liable  to  sudden  changes  of  temperature,  against 
which  visitors  should  guard,  especially  towards  evening.  The  high 
mountains,  about  25  M.  to  the  S.  of  the  city,  become  very  distinct 
after  a  thunder-storm  or  on  the  approach  of  bad  weather. 

History.  Munich  was  founded  by  Henry  the  Lion,  who  constructed  a 
bridge  over  the  Isar,  a  custom-house,  a  mint,  and  a  salt-depot  on  the  site  of 
the  present  city  in  1158.  The  land  is  said  to  have  belonged  to  the  monks 
of  Schaftlarn  or  Tegernsee,  whence  the  name  of  Forum  ad  Monachos,  Muniha, 
or  Munich.  Under  the  "Wittelsbach  princes  the  town  prospered.  Otho  the 
Illustrious  (d.  1253)  transferred  his  residence  to  Munich,  and  his  son  Lewis  the 
Severe  built  the  Alte  Hof  (p.  134).  Emp.  Lewis  the  Bavarian  almost  entirely 
re-erected  the  citv,  which  was  lovallv  attached  to  him,  after  a  fire  in  1327  <his 
tomb  in  the  Frauenkirche,  see  p."  163).  Duke  Albert  V.  (1550-73)  founded  the 
Library  and  the  Kunstkammer,  to  which  the  Antiquarium,  cabinet  of  coins, 
and  part  of  the  National  Museum  owe  their  origin.  Elector  Maximilian  I. 
(1597-1651)  erected  the  Arsenal,  the  Old  Palace,  and  the  Mariensaule  (p.  162). 
In  1631  Gustavus  Adolphus  pail  a  lengthened  visit  to  the  city.  Elector  3Iaxi- 
milian  III.  Joseph  founded  the  Academy  (p.  190)  in  1757,  and  his  successor 
Charles  Theodore  of  the  Palatinate  reinoved  the  old  fortifications.  King 
Maximilian  I.  Joseph  (d.  1825)  contributed  materially  to  the  improvement 
of  the  city  by  the  dissolution  of  the   religious  houses  and  the  erection    of 


Alte  Residenz.  MUNICH.  2S.  Route.    145 

new  buildiags,  but  for  its  modern  magnificence  Munich  is  chiefly  indebted  to 
his  son  Lewis  I.  (d.  1868).  That  monarch,  who  even  before  his  accession  had 
purchased  several  valuable  works  of  art  (e.g.  the  jEginaMarbles,  the  so-called 
llioneus)  and  attracted  Cornelius  and  other  artists  to  Munich,  raised  the  city 
during  his  reign  of  23  years  (ending  in  1848)  to  the  foremost  rank  as  a  school  of 
German  art.  Klenze  (d.  1864)  was  chiefly  instrumental  in  carrying  out  the 
architectural  plans  of  the  monarch,  and  he  was  ably  seconded  by  Gartner., 
Ohlmiiller,  &nd  Ziebland.  The  indeia.tiga,Y<le  Schwanthaler  (d.  1848)  provided 
the  plastic  embellishment,  and  Cornelius  (d.  1867)  and  his  pupils  enlivened 
the  walls  with  paintings  of  a  monumental  character.  The  harmony  of 
this  period,  however,  was  soon  disturbed  by  a  difference  between  Corne- 
lius and  Klenze,  and  when  the  king  showed  that  his  sympathies  were 
with  the  latter,  Cornelius  removed  to  Berlin.  As  Kaulhach  (d.  1874)  also 
for  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life  worked  chiefly  at  Berlin,  and  Schwind 
(d.  1871)  at  the  Wartburg ,  the  glory  of  Munich  as  an  art-centre  began 
to  pale.  The  decline,  however,  was  transient;  for  while  Munich  has  lately 
produced  nothing  of  the  first  rank  in  architecture  or  sculpture,  it  has 
maintained  its  position  as  a  leading  school  of  painting,  though  under 
completely  altered  conditions.  The  elder  Munich  artists  were  distinguished 
for  their  accuracy  of  drawing  and  composition,  and  prided  themselves  on 
having  revived  the  romantic  style  of  art;  the  latest  generation,  under  the 
lead  of  Karl  Piloty  (1826-1886),  on  the  contrary,  has  fixed  its  attention 
chiefly  on  the  study  of  colouring,  and  bestows  the  utmost  care  upon  tech- 
nical perfection  of  finish. 

The  Max-Joseph-Platz  (PI.  E,  4),  the  centre  of  the  city  and 
its  traffic,  situated  between  the  old  quarters  and  the  new,  is  adorned 
with  the  *Moiiument  of  King  Max  Joseph  (d.  1825),  erected  by  the 
city  on  the  25th  anniversary  of  that  monarch's  accession,  modelled  by 
Ranch  of  Berlin,  and  cast  in  hr onze  Ity  Stiglmayer.  The  colossal  statue 
in  a  sitting  posture  rests  on  a  pedestal  adorned  with  reliefs  emble- 
matical of  Agriculture,  Art,  Constitution,  and  Religious  Toleration. 

The  N.  side  of  the  Max-Joseph-Platz  is  bounded  by  the  royal 
Palace  (PL  E,  F,  4),  which  consists  of  three  parts :  on  the  S.  side 
towards  the  Platz  the  Konigsbau ,  N.  towards  the  Hofgarten  the 
Festsaalbau,  and  between  these  the  Alte  Residenz,  or  old  palace, 
facing  the  Residenz-Str. 

The  Alte  Eesidenz,  built  by  Hans  Reifenstuel  in  1596-1619, 
under  Elector  Maximilian  I.,  comprises  four  courts,  Kaiserhof, 
Kiichenhof,  Brunnenhof,  and  Kapellenhof  (i.  e.  courts  of  the  em- 
peror, kitchen,  fountain,  and  chapel).  The  simple  facade  is  embel- 
lished with  two  handsome  bronze  doors  and  a  bronze  statue  of  the 
Virgin  by  Hans  Krumper.  By  the  door  to  the  right  we  enter  the 
Kapellenhof.  The  passage  thence  to  the  Brunnenhof  contains  'Duke 
Christopher  s  Stone''  (an  inscription  on  the  wall).  A  staircase  to  the 
left  ascends  to  the  Hercules  Saloon ,  where  visitors  to  the  palace 
assemble  at  11  o'clock  sharp  (comp.  p.  143).  To  the  right  of  the 
Kapellenhof  is  the  Grottenhof,  with  a  small  garden  and  a  fantastic 
shell-grotto  ;  in  the  centre  a  bronze  Perseus,  after  B.  CeUini.  From 
the  S.E.  corner  a  passage  leads  to  a  larger  court,  with  fountain- 
figures  of  Neptune,  etc.,  from  which  the  Nibelungen  Saloons  in  the 
Konigsbau  are  entered  (p.  147).  The  Brunnenhof,  to  the  E.  of  the 
Kapellenhof,  is  embellished  with  a  statue  of  Otho  of  Wittelsbach 
and  other  figures  in  bronze  by  P.  Candid.    The  Allerheiligenkirche 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.   8th  Edit.  [() 


146    Route  28. 


MUNICH. 


Alte  Residenz. 


(p.  148)  adjoins  this  court  on  the  E. ;   to  the  S.  a  passage  leads  to 
the  Hof-Theater  (p.  148). 

The  apartments  of  the  Alte  Residenz  are  sumptuously  fitted  np 
in  17th  cent,  style.  Visitors  are  first  conducted  to  the  Kaiserzimmer 
or  Reichen  Zimmer,  which  include  the  Ante-Room,  with  a  portrait 
of  King  Lewis  II.  by  Piloty ;  the  Audience  Chamber,  with  twelve 
Roman  emperors  hy  an  unknown  Venetian  painter;  the  Throne 
Room,  occupied  in  1809  hy  Napoleon  I. ;  the  Green  Gallery,  con- 
taining Italian  and  Dutch  pictures  of  little  value;  the  Bed  Chamber, 


Denkma-l 
Platz 


idenzstr 


Hes 


with  a  richly-gilded  bed ;  the  Mirror  Cabinet,  with  valuable  crystal ; 
the  Miniature  Cabinet,  with  miniatures.  —  The  Trierzimmer  (for 
royal  guests)  and  the  Papstzimmer  ,  occupied  in  1782  by  Pope 
Pius  VI.,  with  furniture,  tapestry,  etc.,  of  the  17th  and  18th  cent., 
are  now  usually  shown  after  the  visit  to  the  Festsaalbau  (p.  147). 

The  *Treasury  (admission,  see  p.  143)  contains  jewels  and  precious 
trinkets,  including  the  Bavarian  'Hausdiamanf,  a  magnificent  blue  dia- 
mond, and  the  'pearl  of  the  Palatinate',  half  black;  goblets,  orders,  regalia, 
including  the  Bohemian  crown  of  Frederick  V.  of  the  Palatinate,  captured 
at  Prague  in  1620,  and  the  crowns  of  Emp.  Henry  II,  ('the  Saint')  and  his 
wife  Cunigunde,  of  the  year  1010;  group  of  St.  George  and  the  Dragon, 
with  the  knight  in  chased  gold,  the  dragon  of  jasper,  and  the  whole 
adorned  with  diamonds,  rubies,  emeralds,  and  pearls ;  model  of  Trajan's 
Column,  executed  by  the  goldsmith  Valadier  (1763-83) ;  violin  of  tortoise-shell. 

The  *Reiche  Capelle  (adm.,  see  p.  143)  contains  costly  objects  in  gold 
and  silver,   many  of  them  of  high  artistic  worth;  two  miniature  altars  by 


Festsaalbau,  MUNICH.  28.  Route.    147 

Benv.  Cellini  (?),  the  enamelled  pocket-altar  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  about 
6  in.  in  length,  and  a  Descent  from  the  Cross  in  wax  by  Michael  Angelo  (.?). 

The  *Festsaalbau  (facade  towards  theHofgarten,  256  yds.  long), 
a  'building  of  festive  halls',  erected  in  1832-42  by  Klenze  in  the 
later  Italian  Renaissance  style ,  possesses  a  handsome  porch  of  10 
Ionic  columns,  surmounted  by  two  lions,  between  which  are  8  alle- 
gorical figures  in  marble-limestone  by  Schwanthaler ,  representing 
the  different  provinces  of  the  kingdom.  The  unsightly  structure  on 
the  roof  was  the  winter-garden  of  King  Lewis  II.  The  six  saloons 
of  the  groundfloor  are  decorated  with  encaustic  Mural  Paintings 
FROM  THE  Odyssey,  by  Hiltensperger,  from  designs  by  Schwanthaler 
[closed  at  present). 

A  broad  marble  staircase  ascends  to  the  first  floor  from  the 
passage  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Kiichenhof.  Visitors,  however,  are 
usually  conducted  from  the  Hercules  Saloon  to  the  ante-chambers 
by  a  long  corridor. 

Staircase,  with  six  handsome  columns  of  marble  from  the  Untersberg. 
Ante-Chamber,  with  reliefs  by  Schwanthaler ;  2nd  ante-chamber  decorated 
in  the  Pompeian  style  by  Hiltensperger.  —  Magnificent  Ball  Koom,  tribunes 
supported  by  marble  columns  and  bearing  Caryatides  of  papier-mache, 
coloured  reliefs  (dancing  genii)  by  Schwanthaler.'  Two  Card  Rooms  with 
thirty-six  "Portraits  of  Beautiful  Women  by  Stieler.  —  Battle  Saloon: 
Fourteen  large  pictures  representing  scenes  from  the  wars  in  1805-15.  — 
*Hall  of  Charlemagne,  with  six  encaustic  paintings  (mural  paintings 
on  wax  ground)  designed  by  Schnorr.  Charlemagne  anointed  by  Pope 
Stephen  II.  as  Defender  of  the  Church  \  Charlemagne  entering  after  his 
victory  over  the  Lombard  king  Desiderius  ;  victory  over  the  Saxons,  felling 
of  the  sacred  oak,  and  erection  of  the  cross;  synod  at  Frankfurt;  coronation; 
also  twelve  smaller  scenes  from  the  emperor's  life.  Between  the  windows 
Alcuin,  Arno,  and  Eginhard.  —  *Barbarossa  Hall,  with  six  mural  paint- 
ings by  the  same  masters :  election  as  emperor,  entry  into  Milan,  reconcilia- 
tion with  Pope  Alexander  III.  at  Venice,  imperial  festival  at  Mayence, 
battle  at  Iconium,  death.  Reliefs  above  by  Schwanthaler.  —  *Hapsburo 
Saloon,  with  four  paintings,  mainly  by  Schnorr:  Rudolph's  meeting  with 
tbe  priest;  his  acceptance  of  the  imperial  sceptre;  victory  over  Ottocar  of 
Bohemia  on  the  Marchfeld;  Rhenish  robber-knights  summoned  before  his 
tribunal.  Frieze  by  Schwind,  representing  the  Triumph  of  the  Arts,  etc. 
- —  "^Throne  Saloon.  Twelve  magnificent  gilded  bronze  statues,  over  life- 
size,  by  Schwanthaler,  of  the  ancestors  of  the  House  of  Wittelsbach,  from 
Otbo  the  Illustrious  to  Charles  XII.  of  Sweden. 

The  Konigsbau  (facade  towards  the  Max-Joseph-Platz ,  136 
yds.  long),  erected  in  1826-33  by  Klenze  in  imitation  of  the  Pitti 
Palace  at  I'lorence ,  but  of  inferior  effect  owing  to  necessary  de- 
viations from  the  original  plan ,  is  adorned  in  the  interior  with 
sculptures,  frescoes,  and  other  works  of  art  (not  accessible). 

The  S.W.  apartments  on  the  groundfloor  (entered  from  the  Grotten- 
hof,  p.  145)  are  adorned  with  the  magnificent  *Nibrlungbn  Frescoes 
by  Schnorr,  begun  in  1861.  Five  saloons  with  large  paintings;  in 
the  lunettes,  numerous  smaller  paintings. 

Entrance  Hall  :  the  principal  persons  of  the  poem, right,  Siegfried  and 
Chriemhild;  then  Hagen,  Volker,  Dankwart;  above,  the  dwarf  Albericb, 
keeper  of  the  Nibelungen  treasure,  and  Eckewart,  Chriemhild's  messenger; 
left,  Gunther  and  Brunhild ;  Queen  Ute  (Gunther's  mother)  with  her  sons 
Gemot  and  Giselher;  Siegmund  and  Siegelinde,  Siegfried's  parents ;  next, 
King  Attila  and  Rudiger,  Dietrich  of  Bern  and  Meister  Hildebrand.  MarriauB 

10* 


\ AS   Route  28.  MUNICH.  Allerh.-Hofklrche. 

Hall  :  Siegfried's  return  from  the  war  against  the  Saxons ;  Brunhild's  arrival 
at  Worms ;  Siegfried  and  Chriemhild's  nuptials ;  opposite,  by  the  window, 
the  delivery  of  the  girdle.  Hall  of  Teeacheey  :  (by  the  window)  quarrel 
of  the  queens  Chriemhild  and  Brunhild  in  front  of  the  cathedral  at  Worms. 
Siegfried  murdered  by  Hagen  at  the  well;  Chriemhild  finds  Siegfried's  corpse 
at  the  door  of  the  cathedral:  Hagen  proved  to  be  the  murderer  by  the 
corpse  beginning  to  bleed  afresh.  Over  the  door:  Hagen  throwing  the 
Nibelungen  treasure  into  the  Rhine.  Hall  of  Revenge:  Fall  of  the 
heroes  (by  the  window) ;  Chriemhild  expostulates  with  Volker  and  Hagen ; 
combat  on  the  staircase  of  the  burning  palace;  Dietrich  conquers  Hagen; 
Chriemhilds  death.  Over  the  doors  :  the  last  combat  of  the  heroes  ;  Hagen 
brought  before  Chriemhild  by  Dietrich  ;  Attila's  lament.  Hall  of  Moukning  : 
Burial  of  the  fallen  heroes ;  the  sad  tidings  conveyed  to  Burgundy ;  Bishop 
Pilgram  of  Passau  causes  mass  to  be  sung  for  the  repose  of  the  dead  (by 
Schnorr's  pupils). 

The  Hof-  nnd  National-Theater  (PI.  F,  4;  performances,  see 
p.  141),  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Max-Joseph-Platz,  one  of  the  largest 
in  Germany,  accommodating  2200  spectators,  was  erected  by  Fischer 
(d.  1822}  in  1818,  but  was  burned  down  in  1823  and  re-erected  in 
its  original  form  by  Klenze  within  eleven  months.  Handsome  portico 
of  eight  Corinthian  columns.  The  pedimental  frescoes  designed  by 
Schwanthaler  (Pegasus  and  the  Horie,  Apollo  and  the  Muses)  were 
replaced  in  1894  by  glass  mosaics.  The  building  is  145  ft.  high, 
188  ft.  broad,  and  332  ft.  deep ;  the  stage  measures  95  ft.  in  breadth 
by  115  ft.  in  depth.  The  interior  deserves  a  visit  (which  takes  an 
hour;  adm.,  see  p.  142);  fine  view  of  the  Alps  from  the  roof.  —  Be- 
tween the  Hof-Theater  and  the  Allerheiligenkirche  is  the  Besidenz- 
Theater,  built  in  1752-60  and  restored  in  1857,  richly  decorated 
in  the  rococo  style  (room  for  800  spectators). 

The  *Allerlieiligen-Hofkirche  (All  Saints'  Church),  or  Court 
Chapel  {a.dm..^  see  p.  143  ;  music,  see  p.  141).  on  the  E.  side  of  the  pal- 
ace, erected  in  1837  by  Klenze  in  the  Byzantine-Romanesque  style, 
is  sumptuously  fitted  up.  The  arches  rest  on  columns  of  variegated 
marble,  the  walls  are  covered  with  different  coloured  marbles ;  and 
the  vaulting,  window-arches,  and  choir  are  adorned  with  frescoes  on 
a  gold  ground  by  Hess^  Schraudolph,  and  Koch.  The  concealment  of 
the  windows  causes  the  light  to  enter  in  a  very  effective  manner. 

At  the  back  of  the  Alte  Residenz ,  in  the  Marstall-Platz,  are 
the  Royal  Coacli  Houses  and  Harness  Rooms  {Hofwagenhurg ; 
adm.,  see  p.  142) ,  containing  an  extensive  collection  of  vehicles 
belonging  to  the  rulers  of  Bavaria  in  the  17-19th  centuries.  Among 
the  most  noteworthy  objects  are  the  *State  Coaches  and  Sleighs  of 
Elector  Max  Emmanuel  (1679),  the  Carriage  of  Elector  Charles  Albert 
(1726),  and  the  *State  Sledges  and  Carriages  of  King  Lewis  II. 

Adjoining  the  Festsaalbau  on  the  N.  is  the  Hofgarten  (PI.  E, 
F,  3,  4),  or  palace-garden,  laid  out  in  1614.  Originally  a  pleasant 
park,  with  fountains  and  a  pond,  it  is  now  simply  a  square  planted 
with  trees,  and  bounded  on  two  sides  by  open  Arcades,  which  are 
adorned  with  faded  frescoes  of  landscapes  and  historical  subjects, 
painted  in  1827-34. 


Feldherrnhalle.  MUNTCH.  28.  Route.      149 

By  the  entrances  next  to  the  Palace  are  three  frescoes  by  Kaulhacli., 
representing  Bavaria  and  the  rivers  Danube,  Rhine,  Isar,  and  Main.  The 
historical  frescoes  on  the  W.  side,  of  events  from  the  history  of  Bavaria, 
■were  executed  by  pupils  of  Cornelius  (most  of  them  restored);  beyond 
them  are  masterly  landscapes  from  Italy  and  Sicily  by  Karl  Rottmavn 
(d.  1850).  Each  scene  has  its  name  annexed.  The  distichs  above  the  pictures 
are  by  King  Lewis  I.  On  the  N.  side,  at  the  top,  are  thirty-nine  small 
encaustic  paintings  from  the  Greek  War  of  Independence,  from  sketches 
by  P.  Hess  (p.  177).  —  In  the  seven  niches  at  the  N.E.  end  are  the  labours 
of  Hercules  in  colossal  wooden  groups,  executed  by  R.  Boos  (1730-1810) 
and  restored  in  1852.  —  In  the  middle  of  the  Hofgarten  is  a  fountain- 
temple  with  a  good  bronze  figure  of  Bavaria  (16th  cent.). 

The  groundfloor  of  the  N.  wing  contains  the  Museum  of  Plaster 
Casts  of  classic  sculptures  (adm.,  see  p.  143),  affording  a  good  survey 
of  the  development  of  the  plastic  art  from  the  6th  cent,  before  Christ 
down  to  the  present  day.  Director,  Prof.  Furtwangler.  Catalogue 
30  pf.  —  The  extensive  Ethnographical  Museum  occupies  seven 
rooms  on  the  upper  floor  (adm.,  see  p.  148;  Conservator,  Dr.  Buchner; 
Catalogue  50  pf.).  —  Opposite,  to  the  right  of  the  exit,  is  the  Art 
Union,  or  Kunstverein  (PL  F,  3;  entrance  in  the  Arcades;  adm., 
see  p.  142),  containing  paintings  and  sculptures  by  living  artists, 
some  of  them  the  property  of  the  society,  others  for  sale.  —  The 
Barracks  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Hofgarten  are  to  be  torn  down. 

From  the  just -mentioned  exit  a  few  steps  bring  us  to  the 
Prinz-Regenten-Strasse  (pi.  F,  Q,  II,  3,4),  which  is  now  under- 
going a  thorough  reconstruction.  It  begins  opposite  the  Palace  of 
Prince  Charles  (now  the  Austrian  Embassy),  skirts  the  left  (S.) 
side  of  the  English  Garden  (p.  193),  passes  (right)  the  Exhibition, 
Building  of  the  ^Secession'  (p.  142),  and  leads  straight  to  the  Isar, 
which  it  crosses  by  the  Luitpold-Brilcke.  On  the  farther  bank,  below 
the  Luitpold  Terrace  (p. 157),  to  which  two  roads  ascend,  are  pleasure- 
grounds  and  a  large  fountain. 


Most  of  the  buildings  in  the  handsome  Lupwig-Strasse  (PI. 
F,  E,  4-1;  tramway-line  2,  p.  140),  originated  by  King  Lewis  I., 
40  yds.  in  width,  and  -^^  M.  in  length,  are  in  various  Renaissance 
forms,  constructed  of  brick  and  stone  skilfully  combined. 

The  Feldherrnhalle  (PL  E,  4),  or  Hall  of  the  Generals,  at  the 
S.  end,  a  copy  of  Orcagna's  Loggia  dei  Lanzi  at  Florence,  erected  in 
1844  by  Gartner,  contains  the  Bavarian  Military  Monument,  by 
F.  von  Miller  (unveiled  in  1892),  and  statues  of  the  Bavarian 
generals  Tilly  and  Wrede,  by  Schwanthaler. 

The  Church  of  the  Theatines  (PL  E,  4),  erected  by  Barelli  in 
1662-75  in  the  debased  Italian  style,  overladen  with  decoration, 
contains  the  Royal  Vaults.  Facade  of  1767.  Pictures  in  the  interior 
(restored  in  1850)  by  Tintoretto,  Zanchi,  Karl  Loth,  Cignani,  and 
others.  To  the  right  is  the  mortuary  chapel  of  King  Maximilian  II. 
(d.  1864)  and  Queen  Marie  (d.  1889).  In  the  sacristy,  on  tlie  left, 
an  Entombment  by  H.  Hess. 

In  the  Odeons-Platz  rises  the  equestrian  Statue  of  Lewis  I, 


150    Route  28.  MUNICH.  Royal  Library. 

(A.  1868),  by  Widnmann,  erected  in  1862.  —  To  the  left  is  the 
Odeon  (PL  E,  3),  erected  in  1828  by  Klenze,  and  destined  for  con- 
certs and  balls ;  one  of  the  apartments  is  fitted  up  as  an  English 
Chapel  (see  p.  144\  The  ceiling  of  the  concert-room  is  decorated 
with  frescoes  by  W.  von  Kaulbach  and  others,  the  orchestra  with 
busts  of  celebrated  composers  (partly  concealed  by  the  organ).  —  On 
the  N.  side  of  the  square,  on  the  left,  stands  the  Palace  of  Prince 
Regent  Luitp  old,  formerly  that  QZth.eDuke  of  Leuchtenberg  (Fl.E, 3), 
erected  by  Klenze  (unoccupied).  Opposite  (Fiirsten-Str.  1)  is  the 
Palace  of  Prince  Ludwig  Ferdinand. 

Then,  farther  to  the  N.,  in  the  Ludwig -Strasse  (left),  the 
Palace  of  Duke  Max  (PL  E,  3),  by  Klenze,  with  frescoes  by  Langer, 
Kaulbach,  and  Zimmermann ,  and  a  marble  frieze  representing  the 
myth  of  Bacchus  ,  by  Schwanthaler.  On  the  right,  the  War  Office 
(PL  F,  2,  3),  also  by  Klenze.  —  In  the  vicinity,  Kaulbach-Str.  12, 
is  the  Kaulbach  Museum,  an  interesting  selection  of  the  pictures 
and  sketches  left  by  the  eminent  painter  W.  von  Kaulbach  (d.  1874). 
Adm.,  see  p.  142. 

The  *Iloyal  Library  (PL  F,  2;  adm.,  see  p.  142),  an  imposing 
edifice,  was  built  in  1832-42  by  Gardner  in  the  Florentine  style. 
The  steps  are  adorned  with  colossal  seated  figures  of  Aristotle, 
Hippocrates,  Homer,  and  Thucydides.  *Staircase -^ith  broad  marble 
flight  of  steps  ;  above,  on  each  side,  is  a  gallery,  borne  by  16  marble 
columns;  on  the  walls  are  medallion -portraits  of  celebrated  poets 
and  scholars.  At  the  entrance  to  the  library  are  statues  of  Albert  V. , 
the  founder,  and  Lewis  I.,  the  builder  of  the  library,  both  by 
Schwanthaler.  The  library  (Director,  Dr.  Laubmann),  one  of  the 
most  extensive  in  Europe,  comprises  upwards  of  1,300,000  vols, 
and  30,000  MSS.  ,  and  is  especially  valuable  for  its  theological  and 
biblical  literature  and  German  MSS.  The  most  interesting  rarities 
('Cimelien',  from  the  Greek  v,ei|XYj>aov,  a  treasure)  are  exhibited  in 
the  FUrsten-Saal. 

FiEST  Section:  Specimens  of  substances  used  to  write  on;  bronze 
and  wax  tablets ,  papyrus ,  parchment ,  cotton  and  linen  paper ,  palm- 
leaves,  bark,  woven  materials.  Also  brazen  tabulae  honestae  missianis,  or 
certificates  of  honourable  discharge  of  Roman  soldiers;  wax  tablets  with 
inscriptions;  the  Codex  Purpureus,  a  Latin  Book  of  the  Gospels  of  the  9th 
cent.,  written  on  pxirple  vellum  with  gold  and  silver  letters.  —  Second 
Section  :  Precious  manuscripts  in  different  old  and  modern  languages. 
The  most  numerous  are  the  Latin  MSS.,  of  which,  for  showing  the  devel- 
opment of  writing,  specimens  of  every  century  from  the  6th  to  the  16th 
are  exhibited.  One  of  the  oldest  is  the  Breviarium  Alarici,  an  extract  from 
the  Code  of  Theodosius  the  Great,  made  in  Spain  by  order  of  Alaric,  King 
of  the  Visigoths,  484-506.  Earliest  German  MSS. :  The  Wessohvnnner  Gebet, 
a  fragment  of  an  alliterative  epic  with  a  prayer  in  prose ,  written  before 
814,  from  the  monastery  of  Wessobrunn  in  Upper  Bavaria;  Heliand,  a 
harmony  of  the  Gospels  in  early  Low  German  (the  Gospels  in  alliterative 
verse),  written  about  830  by  a  Saxon  ecclesiastic;  Ot/ried  of  Weissenhurg's 
Gospel  in  verse,  composed  between  863  and  871  and  copied  at  Freising 
about  900;  oldest  (13th  cent.)  MS.  of  the  Nihelungen  Lied,  from  the 
monastery  of  Hohenembs  near  Bregenz ;  Tristan  and  Isolde ,  poem  by 
Godfrey  of  Strassburg,  MS.  of  1240,  with  paintings ;    Parcival  and  Titurel, 


Ludwigskirche.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     151 

by  Wolfram  von  Escbenbach,  witb  paintings.  Among  the  Oriental  MSS. 
several  Arabic  specimens  are  remarkable  for  their  splendour  and  beautiful 
writing  ;  among  the  modern  MSS.  a  copy  of  Petrarch  witb  graceful  margin- 
al drawings  and  a  manuscript  of  Calderon  with  a  final  note  from  the 
author's  own  hand  may  be  mentioned.  Then  follow  several  musical 
compositions  witb  old  notes,  among  them  also  ancient  Greek  hymns  of 
Dionysius  and  Mesomedes.  —  Thiko  Section:  Sumptuous  old  bindings. 
'^ Codex  Aureus,  written  in  gold  uncial  letters  in  870  by  order  of  Emp. 
Charles  the  Bald ;  the  cover  consists  of  a  plate  of  embossed  gold,  with 
jewels  and  pearls.  *Four  Books  of  Gospels  and  a  Missal  of  Emp.  Henry  II. 
(1024),  presented  to  the  cathedral  of  Bamberg,  with  a  similar  cover.  Then 
a  collection  of  bindings  from  the  lltb  to  the  17th  cent,  and  a  series  of 
ivory  covers,  showing  the  development  of  ivory  carving  from  the  Roman 
period  to  the  end  of  the  16tb  century.  —  Foueth  Section:  Illuminated  MS. 
•Prayer-book  of  Emp.  Maximilian  I.,  with  marginal  drawings  by  Albert 
Durer  and  Cranacb.  Latin  prayer-book  with  miniatures  by  Memling  (?). 
The  Jewels  of  Anne  of  Austria,  consort  of  Duke  Albert  V.  of  Bavaria, 
miniature-paintings  by  Hans  Mielich.  Prayer-book  of  Duke  Albert  V. 
of  Bavaria,  by  Giulio  Clovio  (1574).  Calendarium  of  the  16th  cent,  by 
Brueghel  (?).  ^Livre  de  Jehan  Bocace  des  cas  des  nobles  Jiommes  et  femrnes^ 
translation  made  in  1458  for  Maitre  Etienne  Chevalier,  with  admirable 
miniatures  by  Foucquet  and  his  pupils.  Latin  prayer-book  with  illustrations 
by  Sinibaldi  of  Florence  (1485),  richly  bound  like  the  preceding.  Several 
books  of  arms  and  weapons,  among, them  the  tournament  book  of  Duke 
William  IV.  of  Bavaria,  painted  in  1541-44.  —  Fifth  Section:  Typo- 
graphical specimens  in  illustration  of  the  history  of  printing.  Block-books 
{i.e.  books  printed  from  carved  blocks  of  wood)  of  the  15th  century.  Then 
the  earliest  printed  books,  including  the  Mazarin  Bible,  printed  by  Guten- 
berg and  Fust  (Mayence,  1455);  stereotype  plate  of  1553.  Diirer's  Passion 
of  1511,  the  first  edition  of  Holbein's  Dance  of  Death,  Sandro  Botticelli's 
engravings  (Florence,  1481),  the  first  editions  of  Columbus'  and  Amerigo 
Vespucci's  letters  on  tbe  New  World;  broadsides  and  title-pages,  etc.  — 
Sixth,  Seventh,  and  Eighth  Sections:  Interesting  early  maps;  autograph 
writings  of  celebrated  men ;  book-plates  ('Exlibris')  from  the  16th  cent,  to 
the  present  day. 

The  i\^a^(ona7.4/Wi/i,'es  of  Bavaria,  in  the  vaults  of  the  groundfloor,  contain 
about  500,000  documents  and  include  an  interesting  collection  of  medals  and 
of  impressions  of  the  seals  of  German  emperors,  princes,  and  noblemen 
(shown  on  application).  Archivist,  Hofrath  von  Rockinger  (office-hours  9-2). 

The  *Ludwigskirche  (PI.  F,  2;  adm.,  see  p.  143),  erected  in 
1829-44  in  the  Italian  Romanesque  style  by  Gartner,^  is  a  hand- 
some cruciform  structure.  Facade  flanked  with  two  towers  210  ft. 
in  height.  Mosaic  roof  of  coloured  tiles.  Above  the  portal,  Cbrist 
and  the  four  Evangelists,  by  Schwanthaler. 

Interior  (dark ;  best  light  in  tbe  afternoon).  The  entire  wall  at  the 
back  of  the  high-altar  is  covered  with  the  *Last  Judgment,  the  largest  of 
the  frescoes  of  Cornelius  (1836-40),  60  ft.  high,  36  ft.  broad.  The  other 
frescoes,  designed  by  Cornelius,  were  executed  by  his  pupils  (God  the 
Father,  the  Nativity  and  Crucifixion,  Patriarchs,  Prophets,  Martyrs).  —  In 
the  adjacent  grounds  are  frescoes  by  Forstner  at  fourteen  different  shrines. 

Opposite  is  the  Blind  Asylum  (PI.  F,  2),  erected  by  Gartner  in 
1834-38  in  the  Florentine  style.  The  portals  are  embellished  with 
statues  of  the  four  patron-saints  of  the  blind,  by  Eberhard. 

The  University  (PI.  F,  1)  on  the  left,  the  Priests'  Seminary, 
or  Georgianum,  opposite ,  and  the  Max-Joseph  School  form  a  large 
square,  intersected  by  the  Ludwig-Strasse ,  and  adorned  with  two 
Fountains  copied  from  those  by  Bernini  in  the  piazza  of  8t.  Peter 
at  Rome.  The  university  (about  3500  students),  founded  in  1472  at 


1 52     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Siegesthor. 

Ingolstadt  (p.  132),  was  transferred  to  Landshut  (p.  135)  in  1800, 
and  thence  to  Munich  in  1826.  The  University  Library,  on  the 
second  floor,   contains  upwards  of  300,000  vols,  [open  daily,  9-12), 

The  *Siegesthor  (PI.  F,  1),  or  Gate  of  Victory,  erected  by  Lewis  I. 
'to  the  Bavarian  army',  begun  by  Gartner  in  1843  and  completed 
by  Metzger  in  1850,  is  an  imitation  of  the  triumphal  arch  of  Constan- 
tine  at  Rome.  It  is  crowned  with  'Bavaria'  in  a  quadriga  drawn  by 
lions,  in  bronze,  designed  by  Warner  (comp.  p.  174).  Over  the 
Corinthian  columns  at  the  sides  are  figures  of  Victory ;  on  the  walls 
reliefs,  representing  warlike  exploits  (below)  and  the  different  prov- 
inces of  the  kingdom  (above).  This  fine  arch  forms  an  appropriate 
termination  to  the  Ludwig-Strasse. 

Beyond  the  Siegesthor,  to  the  left,  is  the  imposing  *Academy 
of  Art,  in  the  Italian  Renaissance  style,  designed  by  Neureuther 
(1874-85).  The  central  portion  is  610  ft.  long,  while  the  wings  at 
the  ends  project  105  ft.  On  the  flight  of  steps  in  front  of  the  main 
entrance  are  mounted  figures  of  Castor  and  Pollux,  cast  in  bronze 
by  F.  von  Miller  from  the  designs  of  Widnmann. 

From  the  Siegesthor  the  Leopold-Strasse  leads  past  the  Palace 
of  Prince  Leopold  and  several  villas  to  the  suburb  of  Schwabing 
(Salvator  Brewery  ,•  Grosser  Wirt),  which,  with  its  large  bath-estab- 
lishments (p.  140),  was  incorporated  with  Munich  in  1861. 

On  the  S.  side  of  the  Max-Joseph-Platz  is  the  Post  Office  (PL 
E,  4,  5).  The  facade  towards  the  Platz  was  constructed  by  Klenze  in 
1836 .  The  open  arcade  contains  six  paintings  of  horse-tamers  on  a  red 
ground  in  the  Pompeian  style,  by  Hiltensperger.  The  original  facade 
towards  the  Residenz-Str.  is  in  the  Italian  palatial  style  (1740).  — 
To  the  right  a  short  street  leads  to  the  Alte  Hof,  the  oldest  palace 
of  the  Dukes  of  Bavaria,  erected  in  1253-56,  and  now  occupied  by 
public  offices.  A  passage  to  the  left  in  front  of  it  leads  to  the  Hof- 
hrduhaus,  or  'Court  Brewery'  (PL  F,  5;  p.  138). 

The  *Maximiliax-Stb.asse  (PL  F,  G,  H,  5;  tramway-line  4, 
p.  140),  1  M.  in  length  and  25  yds.  in  breadth ,  was  constructed 
by  desire  of  King  Max  II.  in  a  novel  style  of  domestic  architecture. 
First,  on  the  right,  is  the  Mint  (PL  F,  5),  a  building  of  the  16th 
cent.,  remodelled  by  Gartner  in  1809,  with  arcades  embellished 
with  statues.  The  old  court  is  in  the  Renaissance  style.  Farther 
on ,  the  street  expands  into  a  square ,  relieved  with  pleasure- 
grounds;  on  the  left  the  Government  Buildings  (PLG,  5;  1858-64), 
on  the  right  the  National  Museum  (p.  153).  In  the  centre  rise  four 
monuments:  to  the  left  a  Statue  of  General  Deroy  (PL  19;  killed 
at  Poloczk  in  1812),  by  Halbig  (1856);  adjoining  it,  that  of  Count 
Rumford  (d.  1814),  founder  of  the  English  Garden,  by  Zumbusch 
(1868).  Opposite  are  the  statues  of  Schelling,  the  philosopher 
(d.  1854),  designed  by  Brugger  (1861),  and  Fraunhofer,  the  op- 
tician (d.  1826),  by  Halbig  (1861). 


National  Museum.  xMUNICH.  2^-1.  Route.    153 

The  *Bavarian  National  Museum  (PI.  F,  G,  5  ;  adm.,  see  p,  143), 
founded  by  King  Max  II.  in  1855  and  originally  exhibited  in  the 
Herzog- Max- Burg  (p.  188),  contains  a  rich  collection  of  objects 
illustrating  the  progress  of  civilisation  and  art.  The  building  was 
erected  in  1858-66  by  Riedel.  On  the  central  portion  ,  95  ft.  in 
height,  is  enthroned  a  'Bavaria'  with  the  lion,  in  zinc.  The  facjade 
is  richly  adorned  witli  caryatides,  statues,  reliefs,  and  other  enrich- 
ments.   Director,  Prof.  Dr.  W.  N.  von  Riehl. 

The  Bavarian  National  Museum  contains  works  of  art  of  every  kind, 
dating  from  the  prehistoric  Roman  periods  down  to  the  present  day,  and 
representing  every  civilised  country,  but  with  special  reference  to  Bavaria. 
The  plans  hung  up  at  the  entrance  afford  a  general  outline  of  the  arrangement, 
The  collections  are  divided  into  two  principal  sections:  1.  General  Collection 
('Allgemeine  Sammlung')  of  the  products  of  human  industry,  from  hoar 
antiquity  to  the  present  day^  2.  Special  Collections  ('Fachsammlungen') 
illustrating  special  branches  of  art  or  industry,  and  too  extensive  to  be 
embraced  in  th  •  General  Collection.  The  General  Collection  begins  in  the 
arcades  and  in  the  two  prehistoric  rooms  on  the  E.  side  of  the  ground- 
floor,  is  continued  throughout  the  whole  of  the  rooms  on  the  W.  side, 
and  ends  with  the  modern  rooms  (i6-19th  cent.)  on  the  second  floor.  The 
Special  Collections  begin  in  the  third  room  on  the  E.  side  of  the  ground- 
floor  and  are  continued  in  the  thirty  rooms  on  the  first  floor.  These  last 
are  embellished  with  large  Mural  Paintings  of  the  history  of  Bavaria.  At 
the  back  of  the  building  is  a  Gaeden,  which  contains  monuments  and 
gravestones  extending  from  the  Roman  period  to  the  18th  cent,  (including 
the  tomb  of  Orlando  di  Lassr^,  the  composer;  see  p.  188);  also  a  colossal 
*Group  of  Mars  and  "Venus  in  bronze,  by  Hubert  Gerhard  (ca.  1590),  and  • 
the  so-called  'Miltcnberg  Column'.  —  The  Museum  further  includes  an 
extensive  Library  of  Technical  Works  and  a  copying -room,  the  use  of 
which  is  granted  to  artists  and  students  on  application.  The  larger  groups 
and  other  objects  of  importance  in  the  various  sections  are  labelled.  The 
briefest  visit  to  the  whole  museum  takes  two  hours.  Those  who  are  pressed 
for  time  should  confine  themselves  to  the  second  floor.  Printed  guide  50  pf.; 
also  several  special  catalogues. 

Gkocnd  Flooe.  In  the  Vestihule  are  cannon ,  a  relief  of  St.  George, 
and  in  the  centre  the  stone  monument  of  a  Count  of  Haag  (d.  1566),  with 
a  recumbent  figure.  In  the  Arcades  to  the  left  are  Roman  relics.  —  Room  I 
(left).  Cases  3-7.  Prehistoric  antiquities,  chiefly  from  tumuli  in  different 
parts  of  Franconia.  Works  of  the  bronze  period  (ca.  1400-900  B.C.  ?),  the 
early  iron  period  (ca.  900-450  B.C.  ?),  and  the  later  iron  period  (from  ca. 
450  B.C.  to  the  Roman  period;  Celtic  antiquities).  In  Case  2  is  the  Golden 
Hat  (shield-boss)  'of  Schifferstadt  (ca.  400  B.C.).  Cases  8,  11-14.  Roman 
antiquities,  including  (Case  13)  fine  glass  vessels  and  fragments  of  early- 
Christian  glass  from  the  Catacombs.  Cases  1,  2,  9,  10.  Germanic  anti- 
quities of  the  Merovingian  period  (5-8th  cent.  A.D.),  objects  from  tombs 
at  Wittislingen,  Nordendorf,  etc.  The  walls  are  hung  with  handsome 
Brussels  carpets  (continuution  of  this  collection  on  second  floor).  —  Room  II. 
Roman  antiquities;  mosaic  from  Westerhofen,  near  Ingolstadt ;  an  altar 
from  Rheinzabern;  and  stone  monuments.  —  Rooms  3-9  contain  the  follow- 
ing Special  Collections:  3-5.  Iron-work,  from  the  15th  cent,  onwards 
(fine  iron  screen  of  ca.  17.0  from  the  Dominican  chxirch  at  Ratisbon,  at 
the  entrance  of  R.  3;  painted  Gothic  screen  from  Kufstein);  6.  Utensils 
in  bronze,  copper,  brass,  and  tin;  modern  work  in  metal;  7-9.  Plaster 
casts  from  famous  originals.  —  To  the  left,  at  the  foot  of  the  staircase  to 
the  first  floor,  is  a  Torture  Chamber. 

We  return  to  the  entrance.  To  the  right  is  the  department  of  'Med- 
iaeval Art,  ranging  from  the  early  Christian  epoch  to  the  beginning  of 
the  16th  century.  The  Arcades  contain  architectural  fragments  of  the 
Romanesque  and  early-Gothic  periods.  —  Room  I  (Romanesque  period). 
Romanesque  architectural  members.     In  the  glass-cases  are  smaller  works 


K 


I 


1^4:   Route  28.  MUNICH.  National  Museum. 

of  art,  chiefly  ecclesiastical,  such  as  ciboria,  aquamaniles,  crucifixes, 
monstrances,  reliquaries,  censers,  and  candelabra.  Special  attention  is 
deserved  by  the  ivory  carvings  (reliefs  of  the  Resurrection  and  Ascension, 
6th  cent.;  jewel-casket  of  St.  Cunigunde  from  Bamberg  Cathedral)  and  the 
enamel-work  on  metal  (ll-14th  cent.).  On  the  walls  are  large  v>'Ooden 
crucifixes;  stone  sculptures  from  Wessobrunn  (ca.  1250);  mural  paintings 
from  the  monastery  of  Rebdorf  (13th  cent.) ;  stained  glass  from  Seligenthal 
(ca.  1300).  On  the  entrance-wall  are  early-Russian  and  modern  Greek 
paintings  and  small  objects  in  metal  and  wood.  —  Boom  II  (Gothic,  14th 
cent.).  The  cases  contain  miniatures  from  mass-books  and  antiphonies 
(r2-15th  cent.)  ;  crucifixes,  aquamaniles.  osculatories ;  small  sculptures, 
originals  and  casts.  On  the  walls  are  larger  sculptures,  chiefly  tombstones 
with  reliefs :  altar-piece  from  Rosenheim,  with  the  oldest  panel-paintings 
of  Bavaria  (beginning  of  the  14th  cent.);  small  reliquary-altar,  with  paintings 
in  tempera  in  the  Lower  Rhenish  style  (ca.  1350).  —  Room  III.  Panel- 
paintings  and  sculptures  of  the  14-15th  cent.,  including  a  *Winged  Altar 
from  Pahl  near  Weilheim  (^o.  9)  and  a  rich  Gothic  domestic  altar  from 
Nuremberg  (No.  15),  both  of  the  first  half  of  the  loth  century.  —  Room  IV. 
Large  triple  altar  from  the  old  Franciscan  church  at  Bamberg  (perhaps  by 
Meister  Berthold  of  Nuremberg;  1429);  stained  glass  from  the  Franciscan 
church  of  Ratisbon.  —  Room  V.  Ceiling  and  panelling  from  the  old  Weavers' 
Hall  at  Augsburg  (1457);  bridal  coQ'ers,  cabinets;  figures  of  the  twelve 
Apostles  in  wood  from  Liibeck  (15th  cent.).  —  Room  VI.  The  glass-cases 
contain  incunabula  (1440-1500)  ;  mediaeval  coins  and  dies ;  original  docu- 
ments, etc.  On  the  partition-wall,  wooden  figure  of  St.  Willibald :  large 
piece  of  Flemish  tapestry,  representing  the  Nativity  and  Adoration  of  the 
Magi  (ca.  1500).  —  Room  VII.  Rich  Gothic  ceiling  in  lime-wood  from  the 
castle  of  Oberhaus  near  Tassau.  The  cases  contain  sculptures  in  wood,  fine 
miniatures  (Flemish  prayer-books  of  the  16th  cent.,  etc.),  two  small  oil-paint- 
ings by  Memling,  late-Gothic  goldsmith's  work.  By  the  walls,  handsome 
carved  cabinets ;  bedsteads ;  panel  -  paintings  of  different  Vpper  German 
schools.  —  Room  VIII.  Staircase  and  gallery  from  Neu-Otting  (15th  cent.); 
altar  of  the  Virgin  from  Weissenburg  (15th  cent.) ;  wooden  figure  of 
St.  George  (14th  cent.);  so-called  'PalmeseF  (comp.  p.  107:  16th  cent.).  — 
Room  IX  ('Kirchensaar,  in  seven  sections).  Altar  from  Geroldshofen 
(ca.  1515),  figures  of  the  Virgin  and  the  Magdalen,  bust  of  St.  Afra,  wooden 
statuettes  of  the  Apostles,  and  other  works  by  Tilmann  Riemenschneider; 
Death  of  the  Virgin,  a  group  carved  in  wood,  from  Ingolstadt  (1490-1500); 
two  procession-poles  of  the  Fishermen's  Guild  of  Ingolstadt  (1509) ;  winged 
altar  with  gilded  carving  and  paintings,  of  the  school  of  Michael  Pacher 
(ca.  1500);  armorial  shield  of  Milan;  high-altar  from  the  former  Franciscan 
church  at  Munich  (1492).  The  cases  of  the  6th  and  7th  sections  contain 
church-vessels  in  metal.  Good  stained  glass  in  the  windows.  —  Room  X. 
Winged  altar  carved  in  oak,  from  Calcar  (ca.  1520) ;  fine  late-Gothic  gold- 
smith's work;  large  Flemish  tapestry  worked  in  gold  thread  with  alle- 
gorical scenes  (16th  cent.). 

We  now  ascend  the  staircase,  adorned  with  weapons  and  reliefs,  to  the 
First  Flooe,  which  contains  the  Histobical  Feescoes  and  the  continua- 
tion of  the  Special  Collections  (see  above).  To  the  right.  Rooms  I-XII. 
Weapons,  armour,  uniforms,  costumes,  ornaments,  etc.,  from  the  12th  cent, 
to  the  present  day.  —  Room  I  (12-16th  cent.).  Helmets,  chain-mail,  shields, 
targes,  etc.  —  .Roo/n  //  (1400-1520).  Pikes,  halberds,  etc;  two-handed 
swords.  —  /?oo7M ///( 1500-1570).  Caronnades.  cross-bows,  stone  projectiles  ; 
swords  of  knights  and  'Landsknechte'.  ornamented  swords  and  daggers;  fine 
wheel-lock  muskets.  —  Room  IV  (1570-1620).  Pikes,  halberds,  swords, 
battle-axes;  15.  Gilded  armour  of  Bishop  Dieter  von  Raitenau,  of  Salz- 
burg (1587-1612).  by  the  armourer  Piccinino  of  3Iilan.  —  RoomV  (1540- 
1650).  Light  armour;  armour  for  man  and  horse  (ca.  1540) i'  CTltffmented 
weapons;  9.  Wedding  cloak  of  Duke  William  V.  (1568);  11.  Women's  dress 
and  ornaments  of  the  16-17th  cent. ;  13,  14.  Jewels  and  clothes,  chiefly 
from  the  graves  of  the  Counts-Palatine  of  Neuburg,  at  Lauingen;  breech- 
loading  ^cannons.  —  Room  VI  (1600-1660).  Light  armour,  chiefly  of  the 
period  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War;   3.   Tilly's   coat;   4.  Official    robes   of  a 


National  Museum.  MUNICH.  2S.  Route.      155 

Nuremberg  councillor;  collection  of  shoes  from  the  Roman  period  to  the 
present  day.  —  Room  VII.  South-German  costumes  of  the  first  half  of  the 
19th  century.  —  Room  VIII  (1620-1780).  Collection  of  models  of  the  cannon 
used  in  the  Thirty  Years'  War;  Oriental  saddles  and  weapons,  captured 
at  Belgrade  by  Max  Emanuel  (1688);  8.  Handsome  rococo  sword;  9,  v^ 
Memorials  of  Frederick  the  Great.  —  Room  IX  (1640-1800).  Ladies'  costumes  A/ 
of  the  beginning  of  the  18th  cent.  ;  9.  Headdresses  and  coiffures  of  patri-  , 
cian  ladies  of  Nuremberg  and  Augsburg;  15.  Napoleon's  sword.  — 
Rooms  X-XII  (1740-1871).  Robes  and  garments  of  the  Bavarian  sovereigns 
Max  Joseph  I.,  Lewis  I.  and  his  consort  Theresa,  and  Max  XL,  of  Otho, 
King  of  Greece  and  his  wife,  of  Fieldmarshal  Wrede,  and  of  General  von 
derTann;  uniforms,  weapons,  and  trophies. — Room  XIII.  JIusical  instru- 
ments from  the  15th  to  the  19th  century.  —  Room  XIV.  Objects  used 
in  the  Jewish  divine  service;  examples  of  Nuremberg  bismuth-painting 
and  brazier's  work;  toys;  playing-cards;  book-covers.  —  Room  XV.  Col- 
lection of  seals  from  Charlemagne  to  the  present  day. 

The  Central  Saloon  (XVI)  contains  a  collection  of  old  ship-models, 
including  that  of  the  vessel  of  Charles  V.  in  his  attack  on  Algiers  in  1541; 
also  models  of  Bavarian  and  other  towns,  churches,  castles,  and  fortresses; 
compasses  and  sun-dials  of  the  15-19th  cent.  ;  Schiller's  writing-table.  — 
To  the  left  of  the  entrance,  in  Rooms  XVII-XXIV,  is  the  Textile  Collection^ 
consisting  of  lace,  embroidery,  and  materials  for  dress,  and  including 
Egyptian  and  late-Roman  costumes  (R.  XVII),  ecclesiastical  vestments 
(R.  XVIII),  Oriental  carpets  (R.  XIX),  and  the  'Bed  of  Lewis  II.,  from 
Linderhof  (R.  XXIII).  Next,  in  Rooms  XXV-XXVIII,  is  the  Ceramic  Col- 
lection, from  Roman  times  to  the  present,  including  specimens  of  the  chief 
manufactories  of  the  world,  amonir  the  finest  of  which  are  the  Italian 
majolicas  of  the  16-17th  cent.  (R.  XXVII),  the  Japanese  and  Chinese 
porcelain  of  the  15-18th  cent.,  and  the  Meissen  and  Nymphenburg  china 
of  the  18th  century.  In  Room  XXIX  is  the  Glass  Collection,  from  the 
Roman  period  down  to  our  own.     Room  XXX.  Ornaments  in  wood. 

The  Second  Floor  contains  works  of  art  of  the  'Renaissance^  and 
Modern  Times.  The  staircase  has  a  fine  wooden  ceiling  from  the  chateau 
at  Dachau,  and  three  pieces  of  Brussels  'Tapestry,  representing  the  battles 
of  Hannibal,  after  Giulio  Romano.  The  various  rooms  are  hung  with 
tapestry  after  difl'erent  masters  (from  Flanders,  Germany,  France),  and 
contain  ceilings  from  Dachau,  Neuburg,  Donauworth,  Nuremberg,  and 
the  Frauenkirche  and  the  Royal  Palace  at  Munich.  The  first  five  rooms 
are  devoted  to  the  16th  century.  Among  the  choicest  contents  are: 
Room  I.  MSS.,  miniatures,  and  rare  prints;  finely  ornamented  drinking- 
cups  and  utensils,  chiefly  from  Nuremberg  and  Augsburg;  reliefs  in 
wood  representing  the  ten  commandments  (1524);  draughtsmen  with 
portrait-medallions,  partly  by  Hagenauer.  —  Room  II.  Cast  of  the  monu- 
ment of  St.  Sebald  by  Peter  Vischer  at  Nuremberg,  and  (No.  4)  two 
bronze  statues  by  Vischer.  Bridal  casket  of  Duchess  Jacobeea  of  Bavaria 
(No.  7),  with  beautiful  Italian  intarsia.  —  Room  III.  Vessels  in  Limoges 
enamel,  including  eight  by  P.  Reymond.  'Silver -gilt  hammer,  designed 
for  the  use  of  Pope  Julius' III.  at  the  opening  of  the  great  Jubilee  Festival 
in  1550;  5.  Winged  altar  of  the  Nuremberg  school  from  Artelshofen  (1514).— 
Room  IV.  Gold  goblet  of  the  Augsburg  butchers'  guild;  3.  Domestic  altar, 
with  carvings  by  G.  Bockschiitz  (1561);  5.  Two  tables,  of  Spanish  work- 
manship; bed  of  Countess  Palatine  Susanna.  —  Room  V.  In  the  centre  the 
complete  boudoir  of  a  Countess  Fugger  from  the  chateau  at  Donauworth 
(1546).  —  Room  VI  (1500-1650).  Table  utensil''  in  ivory  and  enamel ;  3. 
Ivory  caskets  with  portraits  of  Elector  Maximilian  I.  and  his  sister.  — 
Room  VII.  (This  and  the  next  four  rooms  illustrate  the  period  of  Elector 
Maximilian  I.,  1597-1G51.)  Table  of  Kelheim  stone,  elaborately  engraved 
with  portraits,  arms,  perpetual  calendar,  etc.;  two  tables  in  scagliola-work 
(imitation  of  mosaic);  carved  furniture.  —  Room  VIII.  Nos.  1,2.  Cabinets 
inlaid  with  tortoise-shell  and  mother-of  pearl ;  5.  Cabinet  in  Florentine 
mosaic;  18,  17.  Cabinets  of  ivory,  silver,  enamel,  and  lapis  lazuli,  by 
Chr.  Angermaier  of  Weilheim;  vessels  of  rock  crystal  set  in  gold  and 
enamel.  —  Rooms  IX-XI.    Works  in   amber  and  silver  filigree,   the  latter 


156     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Maxbnilianeum. 

chiefly  from  Augsburg;  fine  groups  in  bronze,  efc.  —  Booms  JII-XIII 
(time  of  Elector  Ferdinand  Maria,  1651-79).  Gilded  ceiling  from  the  palace 
at  Munich;  large  silver  watches  from  Augsburg;  Buhl  furniture;  cabinet 
with  paintings  bv  W.  van  Bemmel ;  portrait  of  Electress  Adelheid  (d.  1676), 
Ascribed  to  Kneller.  —  Room  XIV  (time  of  Max  Emmanuel,  1679-1726). 
Miniatures  and  medallions  of  Bavarian  and  other  royal  personages.  — 
Room  XV.  *Ivory  carvings,  several  by  Elhafen  (ca.  1720)  and  Simon  Troger 
(d.  1769).  'Cabinet  for  coins  by  Angermaier  ofWeilheim  (1624).  —  Rooms 
XVI-XVIII.  Tapestry  from  the  Munich  manufactory;  wood-carA-ings  in 
the  rococo  style;  miniatures  and  medals;  fans.  —  Room  XIX  (modern 
period).  First  attempts  at  reviving  the  art  of  staining  glass.  Memorials 
of  Max  I.  Joseph,  Lewis  I.,  and  Max  II. 

At  the  end  of  the  Platz  rises  the  *Moniiment  of  King  Maxi- 
milian II.  (d.  1864),  erected  by  his  'faithful  people'  in  1875.  The 
colossal  figure  of  the  king  in  his  coronation  robes,  I6Y2  ft-  liigli) 
stands  upon  a  lofty  granite  pedestal.  In  his  right  hand  he  holds  the 
roll  of  the  constitution ;  his  left  rests  on  a  sword.  At  the  base  of  the 
pedestal  sit  allegorical  figures  of  Peace,  Enlightenment,  Strength , 
and  Justice;  at  the  upper  angles  are  four  figures  of  children  bearing 
the  Bavarian  coat-of-arms  and  laurel-wreaths.  All  the  figures  are 
in  bronze,  cast  by  Miller  from  models  by  Zumbusch. 

The  Thiersch-Str.  and  the  Pfarr-Str.  lead  hence  to  the  N.  to  the  St. 
Anna-Plat7,  with  the  St.  Annakirche  (PI.  G,  4),  a  Bomanesque  edifice 
built  in   1892-94  from  the  designs  of  Gabriel  Seidl. 

Just  beyond  the  monument  the  Maximilians- Str.  reaches  the 
Isar.  The  handsome  Steinsdorfcr-Strasse  (PI.  G,  5,6),  a  wide,  new 
quay,  ascends  hence  to  the  S.W.,  along  the  left  bank,  to  the  new 
Protestant  Lxikaskirche,  in  the  transition  style,  and  on  to  the  Lud- 
wigs-Briicke  (p.  192).  Opposite,  in  the  river,  are  two  islands  united 
by  the  ^Mvffatwehr;  the  lower  or  Prater-Insel  is  prettily  laid  out 
and  contains  the  Isarlust  Restaurant  (p.  138). 

The  Maximilian-Str.  crosses  the  river  and  the  Prater-Insel  by 
the  Maximilians  -  Brilcke ,  540ft.  long,  which  was  constructed  by 
Zenetti  in  1859-64  and  has  recently  been  embellished  with  a 
monument  to  Burgomaster  von  Ehrhardt  (d.  1888).  In  the  grounds 
below  the  bridge  is  a  monument  to  M.vonSchwind,  the  painter,  with 
figures  of  Legend  and  Fantasy  by  Hahnel.  On  the  right  bank  the 
street  ascends  the  Gasteighohe  in  two  branches.  On  the  slope,  form- 
ing a  suitable  termination  to  the  grand  street,  rises  the  — 

Maximilianeum  (PL  H,  5),  founded  by  King  Max  II.  for  the 
higher  instruction  of  students  who  have  shown  special  aptitude  for 
the  civil  service.  The  architect  was  Biirklein.  Admission,  see  p.  143. 

A  broad  circular  approach  ascends  to  the  facade,  which  rises  in  two 
series  of  arches  on  a  lofty  terrace.  The  slightly  curved  central  part  of 
the  structure  is  adjoined  by  open  arcades  on  each  side,  flanked  with  corner- 
towers.     Beautiful  view  of  the  river,  the  city,  and  the  mountains. 

At  the  top  of  the  handsome  staircase  are  the  sketches  in  oil  for  the 
paintings  by  K.  von  Pilottj  on  the  facade  (now  destroyed):  in  the  middle, 
Emp.  Lewis  the  Bavarian  founding  the  monastery  of  Ettal  (1330);  to  the 
right,  Wolfram  of  Eschenbach  at  the  'Sangerkrieg'  in  the  Wartburg;  to 
the  left,  Duke  Lewis  the  Rich  founding  the  University  of  Ingolstadt.  — 
Three  rooms  on  the  upper  floor  contain  thirty  large  oil-paintings,  illus- 
trative of  momentous  events  in  the  world's  history;  adjoining  these  on 
the  right  and  left  are  two  saloons  adorned  with  frescoes. 


Wittelsbach  Palace.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     157 

Entkanck  Hall:  left,  1.  Cabanel,  Fall  of  man ;  right,  2.  A.  Miiller, 
Mahomet's  entry  into  Mecca.  —  Room  to  the  left.  Wall  of  the  entrance : 
*3.  G.  Richter,  Construction  of  the  Pyramids.  To  the  right:  4.  Otto,  Bel- 
shazzar's  banquet  at  Susa;  "^5.  Kaulbach,  Battle  of  Salamis ;  6.  Foltz,  Age  of 
Pericles i  7.  Eiltensperger,  Olympian  Games;  8.  A.  Miiller,  Wedding  of 
Alexander  the  Great  at  Susa;  9.  Conrdder ,  Fall  of  Carthage;  10.  Joh. 
Schraudolphy  Nativity;  11.  Gunkel,  Battle  of  Arminius  ;  12.  Hiltensperger, 
Age  of  Augustus  ;  13.  Hauschild,  Crucifixion ;  14.  Deger,  Resurrection.  — 
Room  to  the  right.  Entrance-wall:  15.  Kockert,  Haroun  al-Raschid.  On 
the  left:  16.  F.  Kaulbach,  Coronation  of  Charlemagne;  17.  Echter,  Battle 
on  the  Lechfeld ;  18.  Schwoiser,  Henry  IV.  at  Canossa ;  19.  Piloty,  Godfrey 
de  Bouillon  ;  20.  FoKz,  Frederick  Barbarossa  and  Henry  the  Lion ;  21.  Ram- 
berg,  Emp.  Frederick  II.  at  Palermo ;  22.  Kreling,  Coronation  of  Lewis  the 
Bavarian ;  23.  Schnorr ,  Luther  at  Worms  ;  24.  Piloty ,  Queen  Elizabeth 
of  England;  25.  Piloty,  Elector  Maximilian  I.  founding  the  Catholic  League; 
26.  Kotzebue,  Peter  the  Great  founding  St.  Peter.>burg;  27.  A.  Adam, 
Battle  of  Zorndorf;  28.  Pauwels ,  Louis  XIV.  receiving  a  Genovese  em- 
bassy;   29.  E.  Hess,  Washington;  30.  P.  Hess,  Battle  of  Leipsic. 

The  'loggie'  and  side-rooms  contain  busts  and  portraits  of  great  men. 

On  both  sides  of  the  Maximilianeum  lie  the  *Gasteig  Pro- 
menades, laid  out  under  King  Max  II.  from  the  designs  of  Effner, 
and  commanding  beautiful  views.  They  extend  up  the  Isar  ('Am 
Gasteig)  to  the  Ludwigs-Briicke  (p.  192),  and  down  ('Maiimilians- 
Anlagen)  to  Bninnthal  and  Bogenhausen  [p.  193).  In  the  Maxi- 
milians-Anlagen,  opposite  the  Prinz-Regenten-Str.  (p.  149),  is  the 
Luitpold  Terrace  (Pi.  H,  4),  constructed  in  1894  and  affording  a  fine 
view  of  the  city.  —  To  the  E.  of  the  Maximilianeum  is  the  suburb 
oi  Haidhausen,  with  the  Gothic  Church  of  St.  John  [PI.  H.  6),  erect- 
ed in  1852-74 ;  central  tower,  286  ft.  high.  The  interior,  without 
aisles,  has  groined  vaulting,  marble  altars,  and  stained-glass  win- 
dows in  the  choir. 

The  handsome  Brienner-Strasse,  ^/^  M.  long,  leads  to  the  W, 
from  the  Odeons-Platz  to  the  Propylsa  and  the  Glyptothek.  The 
Wittelsbacher-Platz,  on  the  right,  is  adorned  with  the  equestrian 
*Statue  of  Elector  Maximilian  I.  (PI.  E,  3  ;  d.  1651),  founder  and 
chief  of  the  Roman  Catholic  League,  and  victor  at  the  Weisse  Berg 
near  Prague,  designed  by  Thorwaldsenin  1839,  and  cast  by /Sf/^^mayer 
with  the  metal  of  captured  Turkish  cannon.  —  Count  Arco-Zinne- 
berg's  Palace,  Wittelsbacher-Platz  1,'contains  a  rare  and  interesting 
^Collection  of  Antlers  (adm.,  see  p.  142). 

At  the  E.  end  of  the  Maximilians-Platz  (p.  164)  is  a  Statue  of 
Schiller  by  Widnmann  (1863).  To  the  right,  farther  on,  is  the  red 
Wittelsbach  Palace  (PI.  E,  3),  in  the  medieval  English  pointed 
style ,  built  in  1843-50  from  plans  by  Gartner,  the  residence  of 
Lewis  I.  in  1848-68,  now  that  of  Prince  Ludwig,  the  present  heir 
to  the  throne,  and  Prince  Arnulf .  Part  of  it  is  shown  on  application 
to  the  castellan  (to  the  right  in  the  court).  Fine  court  and  staircase. 

In  the  Gabelsberger-Str.,  a  little  to  the  N.E.,  is  the  Protestant  Church 
0/  St.  Mark  (PI.  E,  3),  erected  by  Gottgetreu  in  the  Gothic  style  in  1873-77. 

In  the  Carolinen-Platz  (PI.  D,  3)  rises  an  Obelisk,  105  ft.  in 
height,  cast  almost  entirely  of  the  metal  of  captured  guns,   31  tons 


158     Route  28,  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

in  weight,  and  erected  by  Lewis  I.  in  1833  to  the  memory  of  30,000 
Bavarians  who  had  perished  in  the  Russian  war. 

At  No.  3,  Carolinen-Platz,  in  the  garden-building,  to  the  right, 
is  the  Lotzbeck  Collection  of  Sculptures  and  Paintings,  transferred 
in  1890  from  the  Chateau  of  Weyhern  to  Munich  (adm.,  see  p.  143; 
catalogue  30  pf.). 

Central  Saloon.  Sculptures:  1.  Halbig ^  King  Lewis  I.-,  -'2.  Thor- 
waldsen,  Venus;  3.  Hoyer,  Psyche;  Troschel,  1.  Adonis,  8.  Zethus  and  Am- 
pMon,  9.  Perseus  and  Andromeda,  10.  Bellerophon  and  Pegasus  (four 
reliefs).  Paintings:  *11.  Riedel,  Sakuntala;  Consoni^  14.  The  Muses,  15, 
Dante  and  Virgil  in  the  Inferno;  Ary  Schefer,  16.  Faust  and  Gretchen, 
17.  Walpurgisnacht;  B.  and  F.  Adam,  20.  Stable,  21.  Hunt;  24.  Schiavoni, 
Melancholy;  25.  Gail,  Storming  of  a  Spanish  cloister;  26.  Catel,  Burial 
of  a  Crusader.  —  Left  Wing.  Sculptures :  28.  Troschel,  Sleeping  maiden ; 
29.  Holbeck,  Rape  of  Proserpine  (relief).  Modern  pictures:  30.  Manuel,  Baron 
C.  L.  von  Lotzbeck;  Rottmann,  37.  Untersberg,  38.  Perugia;  39.  Kimer, 
Raphael  visiting  Michael  Angelo ;  40.  Simonsen,  Fight  with  pirates;  Biirkel, 
41.  Village-smithy,  49.  Mountain-pasture;  45-48.  Kunz,  Cattle;  51.  Marko^ 
Death  of  Adonis.  Old  pictures  :  97.  Antonello  da  Messina,  Portrait  of  a  man; 
102.  Italian  School  (ca.  1630),  Portrait  of  a  woman;  98.  Lor.  Lotto  CO,  Rest 
on  the  Flight  into  Egypt;  99.  Angr.  Bronzino{l),  Same  subject;  100.  Torbido, 
Portrait  of  a  man;  101.  Jac.  Bassano,  Portrait  of  a  woman.  —  Right  Wing. 
Sculptures:  55.  Tenerani,  Flora.  Modern  pictures:  *60.  Riedel,  Medea;  61. 
Morgenstern,  Rorschach;  64.  A.  Adam,  Arabian  horses;  65.  Bayer,  Hora; 
Catel,  66.  Illumination,  67.  In  a  gondola;  *68.  Diaz,  Girl  in  a  landscape; 
71,  72.  Carl  Werner,  Venetian  scene;  76.  Maes-Canini,  Italian  peasant  family; 
77.  Bayer,  Erwin  Column  in  Strassburg  Cathedral ;  P.  Best,  78.  Engage- 
ment between  French  and  Cossacks,  79.  Scene  on  the  Loire;  83.  Pollack, 
Girl  reading.  Old  pictures  :  89.  Cologne  School  (ca.  1530),  Portrait  of  a  man; 
94.  Livens,  Portrait  of  a  boy;  95.  Teniers  the  Younger,  Peasant  with  a  hare; 
91.  Upper  German  School,  Princess  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Emp.  Ferdinand  I. 
(1534);  96.  School  of  Giotto  (ca.  1360),  St.  Peter. 

The  Barer-Strasse  on  the  right  leads  to  the  — 

**01d  Pinakothek  ('Repository  of  Pictures',  from  the  Greek; 
PL  D,  2;  adm.,  see  p.  143;  reached  by  tramway  -  lines  1  &  3, 
p.  140),  erected  in  1826-36  by  Klenze  in  the  Renaissance  style. 
The  building  is  500  ft.  long,  90  ft.  wide,  and  90  ft.  high.  On  the 
S.  side,  on  the  attic  story  above,  are  twenty-four  statues  of  celebrated 
painters  from  sketches  by  Schwanthaler.  It  contains  upwards  of  1400 
pictures,  arranged  in  periods  and  schools,  in  twelve  saloons  and 
twenty-three  cabinets.  Each  picture  is  labelled.  Catalogue  i^/oJ/, 
or  with  120  photographs  15  ^  (comp.  Hirth  and  Muther's  '  Cicerone', 
with  188  illustrations,  and  the  section  in  Morelli's  ^ Italian  Painters', 
devoted  to  the  galleries  of  Munich  and  Dresden).  The  cabinets 
should  be  visited  immediately  after  the  rooms  to  which  they  be- 
long, in  order  to  preserve  the  historical  sequence.  Director,  Prof. 
Dr.  von  Reber. 

Origin  of  the  Collection.  This  fine  picture  gallery  has  been  form- 
ed by  the  union  of  three  different  collections.  As  early  as  the  16th 
and  17th  centuries  the  Bavarian  princes  were  noted  for  their  love  of  art. 
Elector  Maximilian  I.  in  particular  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer  of  Diirer, 
and  secured  at  Nuremberg  several  of  that  master's  finest  works.  In  1805 
this  collection  was  enriched  by  the  removal  to  Munich  of  the  celebrated 
Diisseldorf  Gallery,  founded  by  the  Electors  of  the  Palatinate.  This  was 
done  to  save  the  collection  from  being  carried  otf  to  Paris,  and  it  was 
afterwards  regarded   as   part   of  the  inheritance   of  the  Palatinate   which 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     159 

fell  to  Bavaria.  The  numerous  examples  of  Netherlandish  masters  of  the 
17th  cent.,  including  the  fine  Rubens  collection,  formed  part  of  the  Diissel- 
dorf  Gallery.  The  third  constituent  part  of  the  Pinakothek  is  the  Boisserie 
Collection^  being  works  of  the  Lower  Rhenish  School  rescued  by  the  brothers 
Sulpice  and  Melchior  Boisseree  and  their  friend  Bertram  from  churches 
and  monasteries  suppressed  at  Cologne  in  1805-1810.  The  addition  of  this 
valuable  collection  to  the  Pinakothek  in  1827  placed  it  in  the  foremost 
rank  as  a  gallery  for  the  study  of  northern  art.  Under  King  Lewis  I.  the 
gallery  was  further  extended  by  the  addition  of  the  Wallerstein  collection 
in  1828,  and  of  several  valuable  works  purchased  at  different  times  in  Italy. 

The  Pre-Raphaelite  Italian  schools  are  scantily  represented  in 
the  Munich  Gallery ;  probably  the  most  important  examples  are  the 
Madonna  by  Francesco  Francia  (Room  VIII,  No.  1039)  and  Perugino's 
Vision  of  St.  Bernard  (R.  VIII,  No.  1034).  The  finest  of  the  works  by 
Raphael  is  undoubtedly  the  Madonna  of  the  Tempi  family  (Cab.  XIX, 
1050),  painted  in  his  Florentine  period  ;  the  contemporary  Madonna 
of  the  Canigiani  family  (R.  VIII,  1049)  has  suffered  greatly  from 
cleaning,  the  angels  at  the  top  having  entirely  vanished.  There  exist 
several  replicas  of  the  Madonna  della  Tenda  (Cab.  XIX,  1051 ;  Roman 
period)  at  Turin  and  elsewhere,  but  the  Munich  example  is  con- 
sidered the  best.  The  portrait  of  Bindo  Altoviti  (R.  VIII,  1052), 
freely  retouched,  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  portrait  of  Raphael 
himself.  Not  one  of  the  five  works  ascribed  to  Correggio  is  indisput- 
ably authenticated.  The  best  example  of  the  Venetian  school  is  the 
Christ  crowned  with  thorns,  by  Titian  (R.IX,  1114).  Miirillo'sB^ggSiT 
Boys  (R.  XI),  perhaps  the  most  popular  work  in  the  gallery,  is  sure 
of  attention.  Early  Flemish  painting  is  seen  to  the  greatest  advantage 
in  Rogier  van  der  Weyden's  Triptych  (R.  II,  101-103)  and  St.  Luke 
(R.  II,  100),  Memling's  Seven  Joys  of  Mary  (Cab.  Ill,  116),  the 
winged  altar-pieces  and  the  triptych  by  Dierick  Bouts  (Cab.  Ill, 
107-111),  and  the  Adoration  of  the  Magi  ascribed  to  Gerard  David 
(R.  II,  118).  The  Cologne  works  of  the  15th  and  16th  centuries  will 
chiefly  attract  the  professional  eye,  while  several  works  of  the 
Swabian  and  Franconian  schools  are  of  general  interest  and  high 
artistic  importance.  Prominent  among  these  German  masters  stands 
Holbein  the  Elder,  to  whom  the  altar-piece  with  St.  Sebastian  (R.  Ill, 
209-211)  is  now  rightly  ascribed.  Dilrers  Four  Apostles,  or  the 
'Four  Temperaments'  (R.  Ill,  247,  248),  deserve  the  closest  study, 
especially  the  magnificent  St.  Paul  in  the  famous  white  robe,  unri- 
valled in  its  plastic  modelling.  The  Battle  of  Arbela  (Cab.  IV,  290) 
by  Albrecht  Altdorfer  (ca.  1480-1538),  remarkable  for  its  almost 
fantastic  excess  of  realism,  the  Finding  of  the  Cross  (R.  Ill,  267)  by 
the  rare  master  Barthel  Beham  (d.  1540),  and  the  Portrait  (Cab.  V, 
286)  by  Hans  Baldung  Grien  are  also  worthy  of  notice.  Of  the  altar- 
piece  formerly  attributed  to  Gruneivald  (R.  Ill,  281  et  seq.)  No.  281 
alone  is  by  this  artist,  while  the  wings  are  in  the  style  of  Cranach. 

Next  to  Antwerp  and  Vienna,  Munich  best  shows  the  versatility 
of  Rubens.  Among  the  eighty-nine  pictures  formerly  catalogued 
here  under  his  name  are  many  school-pieces  and  mediocre  works , 


160     Route  28. 


MUNICH. 


Old  Pinakothek. 


"but  they  also  include  several  of  Ms  finest  creations.  The  vast  range 
of  his  genius  may  he  estimated  hy  glancing  from  the  stupendous 
Last  Judgment  to  the  Lion  Hunt,  from  the  Battle  of  the  Amazons 
to  the  Children  with  garlands  of  fruit,  from  the  sketches  for  the 
Medici  pictures  in  the  Louvre  to  the  Bacchanalian  scenes.  Ruhens's 
best  pupil.  Van  Dyck,  is  also  well  represented  hy  several  portraits 
(R.  VII,  844,  845).  The  Descent  from  the  Cross  (Cah.  VIII,  326) 
is  the  finest  of  the  numerous  examples  of  Rembrandt.  The  can- 
vases of  Adrian  Brouwer  [Cab.  XVI,  879,  883,  885,  893),  notable 
partly  for  their  rarity,  the  genre-pieces  of  Terburg  and  Metsu,  and 
the  humorous  subjects  of  Jan  Steen  also  deserve  attention.  The 
works  of  the  Italian  painters  of  the  17th  cent,  generally  meet  with 


XII. 
French 
School. 


X. 

Italian 
Scliool. 


IX. 

Venet. 


jIlsIlT 


Italian 


;  1 15 1 14 


FlemisI 


P 1 


North. 


VII.  U      VL^        V. 


Rubens 


Flemish 


IV.  III. 

Dutch    I  Upper 


ILLower 
Rhenish 
School. 


Cologne 
School. 

Hall 


School. ,  School. ,  School. ,  Saloon.  ,  School.  ,  School.     Germ. .  of  the 


Loggia. 


Ves- 
tibule. 


XI. 
Neap.  « 
Sp.  Sch 


South. 


scant  notice,  but  the  Ascensions  of  Guido  Rent  and  Cignani,  at 
least,  do  not  merit  this  fate.  The  Mourning  over  the  body  of  Christ, 
by  N.  Poussin  (R.  XII,  1321),  is  a  work  of  great  beauty. 

Vestibule.  Portraits  of  the  founders  and  enrichers  of  the  gallery 
from  Elector  John  William  (d.  1719)  to  King  Lewis  I.  (d.  1868). 
—  "We  pass  to  the  right  into  Room  I. 

Low^ER  Rhenish  and  Eably  Netherlandish  Schools  (Rooms  I, 
II;  Cab.  I-III).  —  I.  Room.  To  the  left:  *1.  Meister  Wilhelm  of 
Cologne  (?),  St.  Veronica  with  the  napkin ;  3,  4.  In  the  style  of 
Stephan  Lochner,  Saints ;  31-33.  Master  of  the  Lyversberg  Passion 
or  of  the  Life  of  Mary,  The  Twelve  Apostles ;  9-18.  School  of 
Stephan  Lochner,  Wings  of  a  shrine  from  Heisterbach,  with  scenes 
from  the  Annunciation  to  the  Gift  of  Tongues  and  Death  of  the 
Virgin,  and  figures  of  saints. 

II.  Room.  To  the  right  (S.  wall):  *55,  56,  57.  Master  of  the 
Death  of  the  Virgin,  Triptych,  in  the  centre  Death  of  the  Virgin, 
on  the  wings  the  donors  with  their  patron-saints.  —  E.  wall:  *118. 
Gerard  David  (y),  Adoration  of  the  Magi ;  97,98.  Coxie,  The  Virgin 
Mary,  John  the  Baptist  (copies  of  figures  in  the  Ghent  altar-piece 
by  Hubert  van  Eyck);  *134.  Quentin  Matsys  (?),  Pietk.  —  N.  wall 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     161 

169,  170.  J.  van  Hemessen,  Call  of  Matthew,  Isaac  blessing  Jacob. 
—  W.  wall :  *101,  102,  103.  Rogier  van  der  Weyden  the  Elder, 
Triptych,  in  the  centre  Adoration  of  the  Magi,  on  the  wings 
Annunciation  and  Presentation. 

'No  picture  of  the  master  is  more  imbued  with  religious  feeling; 
none  is  more  happily  arranged  and  carried  out.''  —  ^The  Early  Flei/tish 
Painters''  by  Crowe  and  Cavalcaselle. 

Above,  102,  163,  164.  Flemish  Master  (ca.  1530),  Adoration  of 
the  Magi;  *100.  Rogier  van  der  Weyden,  St.  Luke  painting  a  portrait 
of  the  Virgin;  above,  139.  Marinus  van  Roymerswale,  Koom  of  a 
lawyer  (1642).  —  S.  wall :  *48,  49,  50.  The  so-called  Master  of  the 
Boisseree  St.  Bartholomew  or  of  the  Altar  of  the  Holy  Cross  (in  the 
Cologne  Museum),  Triptych:  in  the  centre  SS.  Bartholomew,  Agnes, 
and  Cecilia;  on  the  wings  SS.  Christina,  James,  John,  and  Margaret. 

Cabinet  I.  To  the  right  (W.J:  5.  School  of  Stephan  Lochner, 
Madonna  in  a  bower  of  pinks;  Master  of  the  Lyversberg  Passion, 
28.  Assumption,  27.  Visitation.  —  S.  wall:  29.  Cologne  Master, 
Coronation  of  the  Virgin ;  Master  of  the  Lyversberg  Passion,  23. 
Nativity  of  the  Virgin,  22.  Meeting  of  Joachim  and  Anna,  34.  Cruci- 
fixion. —  E.  wall:  Master  of  the  Lyversberg  Passion,  24.  Purifi- 
cation in  the  Temple,  26.  Annunciation,  25.  Marriage  of  the  Virgin  ; 
2.  School  of  Meister  Wilhelm,  Virgin  enthroned. 

Cabinet  II.  To  the  left  (E.) :  Flemish  School  (ca.  1510),  126. 
St.  George,  125.  Madonna;  89,  80-83,  88.  Barth.Bruyn,  Saints;  140. 
Patinir,  Crucifixion;  161.  Flemish  Master  [ca.  1530),  Nativity.  — 
S.  wall :  143.  Patinir{?),  St.Rochus;  122.  Netherlands  /Sc/iooi  (about 
1500),  Madonna.  —  W.  wall:  Portraits,  chiefly  by  unknown  masters; 
68-72.  B.  Bruyn,  Altar-piece ;  133.  Quentin  Matsys,  Portrait  of 
Jehan  Carandolet. 

Cabinet  III.  To  the  left  (E.):  110,  HI.  Dierick  Bouts,  Two 
wings  belonging  to  the  Last  Supper  in  the  church  of  St.  Peter  at 
Louvain :  Abraham  and  Melchisedech ,  and  Gathering  manna ; 
*107-109.  Dierick  Bouts,  Triptych,  in  the  centre  Adoration  of  the 
Magi,  at  the  sides  SS.  John  the  Baptist  and  Christopher;  *115. 
Memling,  John  the  Baptist;  155.  Gossaert,  surnamed  Mabuse,  Ma- 
donna and  Child.  —  8.  wall:  151.  J.  Mostaert  (?),  Repose  on  the 
Flight  into  Egypt;  146,  147.  Herri  met  de  Bles,  Adoration  of  the 
Magi ;  Lucas  van  Leyden,  *148.  Virgin  with  Mary  Magdalen  and 
St.  John,  149.  Annunciation.  —  W.  wall:  117.  Gerard  David, 
Marriage  of  St.  Catharine;  114.  Hugo  van  der  Goes  (?),  Annun- 
ciation. —  *il6.  Memling,  The  seven  Joys  of  Mary  (1480). 

'We  feel  at  once,  in  looking  at  this  picture,  the  absence  of  linear  per- 
spective and  atmosphere;  yet  the  episodes  are  so  complete  in  themselves, 
and  so  cleverly  arranged  and  executed,  that  they  produce  a  deep  im- 
pression; and  the  colours  are  so  bright,  so  clear,  and  so  admirably  con- 
trasted,^ that  we  necessarily  yield  to  a  grateful  sense  of  rest\  —  C.  d-  C. 

145.  Herri  met  de  Bles,  Annunciation;  138.  M.  van  Roymers- 
tcale  (after  Matsys),  Money-changer  and  his  wife  (1538). 

Upper  German  ScnooLs  (R.  Ill;  Cab.  IV,  VJ.  —  III.  Room. 

Bakdekku's  S.Germany.    8th  Edit,  \[ 


162   Routers.  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

To  the  left  (E.) :  *240,  *241,  *242.  Diirer,  The  Paumgartner  altar- 
piece,  a  triptych,  in  the  centre  the  Nativity,  on  each  side  the  donors 
in  armour ;  ahove ,  278.  Lucas  Cranach  the  Elder,  The  Woman 
taken  in  adultery  (half  of  it  a  later  enlargement)  5  197,  198,  199, 
200.  Holbein  the  Elder,  Crown  of  Thorns,  Ecce  Homo,  Bearing  of 
the  Cross,  Resurrection.  —  S.  wall :  M.  Schaffner,  214.  Annunciation, 
215.  Presentation  in  the  Temple;  231.  M.  Wohlgemut,  Crucifixion; 
258.  Style  of  Hans  von  Kulmbach,  Adoration  of  the  Magi  and  De- 
scent of  the  Holy  Ghost;  M.  Schaffner,  216.  Pouring  out  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  217.  Death  of  the  Virgin  ;  229.  M.  Wohlgemut,  Resurrection ; 
above,  259.  Style  of  H.  von  Kulmbach,  Resurrection  of  Christ  and 
Coronation  of  the  Virgin.  —  W.  wall :  209,  *2iO,  *211.  H.  Holbein 
the  Elder,  Triptych :  centre.  Martyrdom  of  St.  Sebastian ;  at  the  sides, 
SS.  Barbara  and  Elizabeth. 

This  work  may  be  styled  the  artisfs  master-piece,  and  far  transcends 
any  of  his  previous  efforts.  Without  excessive  or  violent  motion,  the 
picture  is  full  of  dramatic  power.  The  head  of  the  saint  is  well  in- 
dividualised and  expressive  of  a  high  degree  of  patient  suffering,  while 
the  nude  body  shows  careful  observation  of  nature.  See  '•Holbein  und  seine 
ZeiV,  bv  Professor  Alfred   Woltmann. 

175,  176.  Zeitblom,  SS.  Margaret  and  Ursula;  225.  H  Burgk- 
mair,  Esther  before  Ahasuerus ;  Holbein  the  Elder,  201.  Purification 
in  the  Temple,  204.  Nativity,  202.  Annunciation,  203.  Visitation ; 
254-257.  H.  von  Kulmbach,  Saints;  238.  DUrer,  Pieta  (1500); 
above,  267.  Barthel  Beham^  Invention  of  the  Cross ;  205,  206,  207, 
208.  Works  by  Holbein  the  Elder.  — ^.  wall:  DUrer,  **247.  SS.  Peter 
and  John,  **248.  SS.  Paul  and  Mark  (completed  in  1526). 

The  four  Apostles  are  at  the  same  time  prototypes  of  the  four  'Com- 
plexions'', St.  John  representing  the  melancholic,  St.  Peter  the  phlegmatic, 
St.  Paul  the  choleric,  and  St.  Mark  the  sanguine  temperament.  The  panel 
with  SS.  Paul  and  Mark  is  the  finer  of  the  two.  St.  Paul  is  one  of  the 
most  majestic  figures  ever  conceived  by  the  master,  and  appears  as  if 
just  on  the  point  of  battling  for  his  faith  with  word  or  blow.  A  great 
deal  more  labour  in  the  details  has  been  bestowed  upon  St.  Paul  than 
upon  the  other  figures,  and  it  is  also  the  best -preserved.  The  white 
mantle  is  a  marvel  of  plastic  painting,  and  is  admirably  shaded.  —  '■Dilrer\ 
by  Prof.  Moriz  Thausing. 

233.  Hans Pleydenwurff,  Crucifixion;  297a,  297b.  Tyrolese Master 
of  about  1480  (M.  Pacher?),  SS.  Gregory  and  Augustine;  188, 
189.  B.  Strigel,  Portraits  of  the  Rehlingen  family,  patricians  of 
Augsburg;  *281.  Matthias  Griinew aid,  Conversion  of  St. Mauritius  ; 
282-285.  Four  altar-wings  belonging  to  the  last,  vnth  SS.  Mary  Mag- 
dalen, Lazarus,  Chrysostom,  and  Martha,  by  an  unknown  master; 
Hans  Pleydenwurff,  234.  Marriage  of  St.  Catharine,  234a.  Adoration 
of  the  Holy  Child.  —  E.  wall :  271.  L.  Cranach  the  Elder,  Death 
of  Lucretia;  244.  DUrer,  Same  subject  (1518);  212.  Burgkmair, 
St.  John  in  Patmos;  above,  193-196.  Works  by  Holbein  the  Elder, 

Cabinet  IV.  To  the  left(E.):  295.  M.  Feselen,  Siege  of  Alesia 
(Burgundy)  by  Julius Cffisar;  292.  VlrichApt,  Pieta;  221.  H.Burgk- 
mair,  SS.  Liborius  and  Eustace.  —  270.  Cranach,  Madonna;  A. 
DUrer,  250.  Mater  dolorosa  (1515),  *249.  Jacob  Fugger  the  Rich; 


i 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     163 

177.  Zeitblom^  St.  Bridget.  —  W.  wall :  228.  Jbrg  Breu,  Scipio's  victory 
at  Zama;  183.  B.  Strigel,  David  with  the  head  of  Goliath;  A.  Alt- 
dorfer,  *289.  The  chaste  Susanna,  290.  Alexander's  victory  at  Arbela. 

Cabinet  V.  To  the  left(E.):  245.  A.  Diirer,  SS.  Joachim  and 
Joseph  (from  the  so-called  Jabach  altar-piece)  ;  *213.  H.  Holbein  the 
Younger,  Portrait  of  Sir  Bryan  Tuke,  treasurer  of  King  Henry  Vlll. ; 
A.  Diirer,  **239.  Portrait  of  himself  (dated  1500,  but  shown  by  the 
style  of  execution  to  be  of  later  date),  *236.  Portrait  of  Oswolt  Krell 
(1499);  191.  B.  Strigel,  Emp.  Maximilian  I.;  246.  A.  Diirer,  SS. 
Simeon  and  Lazarus  (from  the  Jabach  altar-piece).  —  S.  wall :  286. 
fl^,Baidwnj/ Gricn,  Pfalzgrave  Philip  the  Warlike.  292a.  VlrichApt, 
Triptych  :  in  the  centre,  SS.  Narcissus  and  Matthew  in  a  landscape ; 
at  the  sides,  Virgin  and  Child  and  St.  John.  220.  M.  Schongauer, 
Portrait  of  himself  (1483;  a  later  copy  by  H.  Burgkmair)  ;  287.  H. 
Baldung  Orien,  Margrave  BernhardUI.  of  Baden.  —  W.  wall:  223, 
224.  School  of  Ratisbon,  William  IV.,  Duke  of  Bavaria,  and  his 
consort  Maria  Jacoba  (1526);  293.  A.  AUdorfer,  Mountain-land- 
scape ;  L.  Cranaeh  the  Elder ^  275.  Moses  with  Aaron  and  two  Pro- 
phets, 272.  Madonna;  *243.  A.  Diirer,  Portrait  of  his  teacher  Wohl- 
gemut  (1516);  291.  A.  AUdorfer,  Virgin  and  Child,  with  angels 
playing  on  musical  instruments;  294.  M.  Feselen,  Siege  of  Rome  by 
Porsenna;  *212.  H.Holbein  theYounger,  Half-length  of  DerichBorn »  j 
(1530);  *237.  A.  Diirer,  Portrait  of  a  young  man  (Hans  Diirer?);  )i 
174.  In  the  style  of  M.  Schongauer,  Nativity;  288.  A.  AUdorfer,  St. 
George  fighting  the  dragon. 

Dutch  School  (R.  IV;  Cab.  VI-XI).  —  IV.  Room.  To  the  left 
(E.):  640,  641.  Weenix,  Still-life;  317,  Nic.  Eliasz  Pickenoy,  Ad- 
miral Tromp.  —  S.  wall:  315,  316.  B.  van  der  Heist,  Portraits; 
*579.  Jan  Wynants,  Landscape  by  morning-light,  accessories  by  A.  van 
de  Velde;  *359.  Frans  Hals  (more  likely  of  the  Flemish  School?), 
Family-portraits;  645.  Weenix,  Poultry;  313.  M.J.  Mierevelt,  Por- 
trait; 319,320.  J.  van Ravesteyn,  Portraits;  *580.  Wynants,  Land- 
scape by  evening-light,  accessories  by  A.  van  de  Velde;  307.  Bloe- 
maert.  Raising  of  Lazarus;  322.  De  Vries,  Portrait.  —  W.  wall: 
338,  339.  F.  Bol,  So-called  portrait  of  Govert  Flinck  and  his  wife; 
554.  J.  van  der  Meer  of  Haarlem  ( ?),  Forest-scene;  343.  G.  Flinck, 
Soldiers  gaming;  Honthorst,  312.  Cimon  and  Pera,  310.  St.  Peter 
liberated  from  prison ;  646.  Weenix,  Boar-hunt ;  Rembrandt,  *333  (?). 
Portrait  of  himself,  325.  Portrait  of  a  man  in  Turkish  costume 
(1633);  335,  336.  Lievens,  Portraits  of  old  men  ;  487.  A.  van  de 
Velde,  Landscape  with  cattle  by  evening-light;  350.  O.  van  den 
Eeckhout,  Isaac  blessing  Jacob.  —  N.  wall ;  647.  M.  de  Hondecoeter, 
Cock-fight;  451.  A.  van  der  Werff,  Mary  Magdalen ;  332.  Rem- 
brandt, Abraham's  sacrifice  (studio-copy);  594.  N. Berchem,  Land- 
scape with  ruins;  *324.  Rembrandt,  Holy  Family  (1631);  644. 
Weenix,  Game;  588.  J.  Both,  Autumnal  scene  in  Italy  ;  648.  Honde- 
coeter, Cock-fight;  609.  Beerstraien,  Storm  at  sea.  —  E.  wall:  566. 

11* 


164     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

A.  van  Eoerdingen ^  Norwegian  lanJscape  with  waterfall;  592. 
A^.  Berchem,  Laban  and  Jacob. 

Cabinet  VI.  To  the  left  (E.l :  A.  Cuyp,  476.  Landscape,  474. 
Officer  with  a  grey  horse;  530.  Es.van  de  Velde,  Skaters.  —  S.wall : 
491.  A.  van  de  Velde,  Cattle;  471.  P.  Potter,  Cows  and  goats;  490. 
A.  van  de  Velde,  Shepherd  at  a  well.— W.  wall:  *472.  Paul  Potter, 
Cattle;  541,  540.  S.  van  Ruysdael ,  Landscapes;  Isaac  van  Ostade, 
*378.  Winter- scene,  381.  Village-fair;  321.  J.  van  Ravesteyn, 
Portrait;  314.  M.  J.  Mierevelt,  Portrait  of  himself;  J.  van  Ooyen, 
535.  Landscape,  537.  View  of  Leyden. 

Cabinet  VII.  To  the  left  (E.):  551.  Jac.  van  Ruysdael,  Group 
of  oaks  and  a  torrent;  *424.  Gahr.  Metsu,  Twelfth  Night;  *542.  Sal. 
van  Ruysdael,  River-scene;  624.  J.  de  Heem,  Flowers;  629.  A.  van 
Beyeren,  Still -life.  —  S.  wall:  597.  N.  Berchem ,  587.  J.  Both, 
Landscapes.  —  W.  wall:  *548.  Jac.  van  Ruysdael,  Marshy  forest; 
*478.  K.  duJardin,  The  sick  goat;  *544.  Jac.  van  Ruysdael,  The 
sandy  road  (1667);  610.  L.  Bakhuysen,  Antwerp  harbour;  351, 
352.  J.  Backer,  Portraits. 

Cabinet  VIII.  To  the  left  (E.):  Rembrandt,  *331.  Adoration 
of  the  Shepherds  (1646),  *326.  Descent  from  the  Cross,  *827.  Cru- 
cifixion (1633);  348.  G.  van  den  Eeckhout,  Jesus  teaching  in  the 
Temple.  —  S.  wall:  *583,  584.  J.  Both,  Landscapes  with  Mercury 
and  Juno ;  *623.  J.  deHeem,  Fruit;  401.  G.Dou,  Old  woman  cut- 
ting bread;  *369.  A.  van  Ostade,  Peasants  drinking  and  smoking. 
—  W.  wall :  Rembrandt,  *328.  Ascension  (1636),  *329.  Resurrec- 
tion, *330.  Entombment  (1639). 

This  remarkable  series  of  scenes  from  the  history  of  Christ  (Nos.  326- 
331)  was  executed  in  1633-39  for  Prince  Frederick  Henry,  Stadtholder  of 
the  Netherlands.  The  finest  of  the  series  is  the  Entombment,  which  is 
painted  with  a  broad  and  vigorous  touch,  and  is  of  ample,  dry,  and  gran- 
ulated impasto.  The  colouring  in  general  is  sombre,  and  in  the  back- 
ground and  the  figures  in  the  foreground  there  are  shades  of  brown  which 
recall  the  Spanish  colourists.  A  powerful  effect  is  produced  by  the  group 
on  which  the  high  light  falls,  where  the  colours  have  been  laid  on  with 
great  freedom.  —  '■Remhrandl;  sa  Vie  et  ses  (Euvres\  by  C.   Vosmaer. 

Cabinet  IX.  To  the  left  (E.)  :  372.  A.  van  Ostade,  Merry  peas- 
ants :  *545.  Jac.  van  Ruysdael,  Forest-scene ;  577.  J.  Wynants, 
Landscape;  *409.  F.  van  Mieris  the  Elder,  Oyster-breakfast;  371. 
A.  van  Ostade,  Boors  brawling  ;  392.  J.Steen,  Physician  feeling  the 
pulse  of  a  patient ;  G.Dou,  403.  Old  woman  eating,  396.  Girl  with 
a  light  at  a  window,  402.  Old  woman  at  a  window;  370.  A.  van 
Ostade,  Merry  peasants;  546.  J.  van  Ruysdael,  Forest-scene;  373. 
A.  van  Ostade,  Peasants  drinking.  —  S.  wall:  Isaac  van  Ostade, 
377.  Scene  on  the  ice,  376.  Interior  of  a  cottage ;  353.  8.  de  Ko- 
ninck,  Jesus  in  the  Temple ;  510.  Ph.  Wouwerman,  Grey  horse.  — 
W.  wall:  419.  F.  van  Mieris,  Trumpeter;  477.  K.  duJardin,  Sheep 
and  goats;  425.  G.  Metsu,  Cook  in  the  larder;  *388.  G.  Terburg, 
Trumpeter  bringing  a  lover-letter ;  539.  J.  van  Ruysdael,  Landscape ; 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     165 

G.  Dou,  398.  Woman  selling  herrings,  *397.  Portrait  of  himself; 
*389.  G.  Terburg,  Boy  with  a  dog. 

Cabinet  X.  To  the  left  (E.) :  *423.  F.  van  Mieris,  Lady  at  her 
mirror;  407,  G.  Dou,  Lady  at  her  toilet;  391.  J.  Steen,  Card- 
players  quarrelling;  F.  van  Mieris,  *415.  Lady  playing  the  lute, 
*417.  Lady  in  a  swoon,  *414.  Lady  with  a  parrot;  614.  J.  van  der 
Heyden,  Street-scene;  G.  Dou,  393.  Old  painter  at  an  easel,  399. 
Hermit.  —  S.  wall :  G.  Dou,  395.  Old  market-woman,  408,  400. 
Hermits  ;  *550.  J.vanRuysdael,  Waterfall;  *361.  Th.  deKeyser,  Man 
and  wife  ;  *628.  A.  van  Beyeren,  Still-life  ;  374.  A.  van  Ostade,  Man 
drinking.  —  W.wall :  404.  G.Dou,  Old  woman  combing  a  boy's  hair ; 
553.  J.  van  der  Meer  van  Haarlem,  Margin  of  a  forest;  427.  Slinge- 
land,  Cradle;  G.  Dou,  *394.  Quack,  *405.  Girl  emptying  a  can; 
627,  622.  J.  de  Heem,  Flowers  and  fruit ;  F.  van  Mieris,  *420.  Of- 
ficer asleep,  422.  Boor  cutting  tobacco;  549.  J.vanRuysdael,  Thaw 
in  the  village. 

Cabinet  XI.  To  the  left  (E.):  Ph.  Wouwerman,  503.  Watering 
horses,  501.  Stable;  488.  A.  van  de  Velde,  Ferry;  652,  653.  J. 
van  Huysum ,  Fruit  and  flowers ;  *582.  J.  Wynants,  Landscape ; 
Ph.  Womverman,  *496.  Deer- hunt,  499.  Leaving  the  stable,  513, 
Draught  of  fishes.  —  S.  wall :  506.  Ph.  Womoerman,  Battle  of  Nord- 
lingen;  613.  Willem  van  de  Velde  the  Younger,  Calm  sea;  436. 
Eglon  van  der  Neer,  Lady  in  a  faint ;  567.  A.  van  Everdingen,  Storm 
at  sea;  507.  Ph.  Wouwerman,  Plundering  of  a  village.  — W.  wall : 
468.  W.  van  Mieris  the  Younger,  Fishmonger;  505.  Ph.  Wouwerman, 
Scene  on  the  ice;  *651.  J.  van  Huysum,  Fruit;  *426.  Pieter  de 
Hooch,  Interior  with  woman  reading ;  Ph.  Wouwerman,  500.  Wag- 
goners at  a  ferry,  508.  Sportsmen  resting,  502.  Watering  horses; 
625.  J.  de  Heem,  Fruit;  406.  Dou,  Woman  baking  cakes. 

Flemish  School  (RR.  V-VII.  ;  Cab.  XII-XVI).  —  V.  Room.  To 
the  left  (E.)  :  786.  Rubens  ,  Portrait  of  a  young  man  (after  Joost 
van  Cleve)',  *813.  J.  Jordaens,  The  satyr  and  the  peasant;  871. 
G.  de  Crayer,  Portrait.  —  S.  wall:  *663.  Neufchatel,  Neudorfer, 
the  mathematician,  and  his  son;  934.  K.  E.  Biset,  Picture-gallery 
(the  pictures  on  the  walls  by  various  Antwerp  artists);  869.  G.  de 
Crayer,  Madonna  enthroned  with  saints;  664,  665.  Neufchatel, 
Portraits;  944.  F.  Millet,  Landscape;  961.  P.  de  Vos,  Bear-hunt. — 
W.  wall :  Frans  Snyders,  957.  Two  young  lions  pursuing  a  roc-decr, 
956.  Lioness  killing  a  wild  boar;  969.  P.Boel,  Still-life. —  N.  wall : 
812.  C.  de  Vos,  Family  von  Hutten;  *814.  J.  Jordaens,  As  the  old 
cockcrows,  the  young  one  learns;  925.  D.  Teniers  the  Younger,  Fair 
at  Florence  (after  Callot") ;  *955.  Snyders,  Kitohen-piece.  —  E.  wall : 
*729.  Rubens  and  J.  Brueghel,  Madonna  in  a  garland  of  flowers; 
954.  Snyders,  Poultry-dealer. 

VI.  Room,   with  the  adjoining  Cabinet  XII.   (see  p.  166),  con 
tains  exclusively  works  by  Rubens  or  from  his  studio.    To  the  left 
(E.):  **734.  Lion-hunt.  —  S.  wall:  **737.  Perdition  of  lost  soul 


n-  ^ 
jft    \ 

-  K 


166     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

724.  Seneca;  *752.Meleager  and  Atalanta;  **782.  Portraits  of  Rubens 
and  his  first  wife,  Isabella  Brant;  726.  Martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence; 
*735.  The  Last  Judgment  (the  large  picture) ;  *794.  Portrait  of  his 
second  wife,  Helena  Fourment ;  750.  SS.  Peter  and  Paul;  **757. 
Massacre  of  the  Innocents;  *784.  Earl  and  Countess  of  Arundel; 
*728.  Seven  children  with  festoons  of  fruit ;  *754.  Drunken  Silenus. 

—  W.  wall :  787.  Philip  IV.  of  Spain ;  *798.  Kubens  and  Helena 
Fourment  in  a  garden ;  *799.  Portrait  of  a  scholar ;  749.  The  Trinity ; 
*800.  Portrait  of  Dr.  van  Thulden;  *744.  Samson  betrayed  by  De- 
lilah ;  788.  Elizabeth  of  Bourbon,  first  wife  of  Philip  IV.  of  Spain.  — 
N.wall:  *797.  Helena  Fourment  and  her  son  ;  731.  Diana;  *795.  Por- 
trait of  Helena  Fourment;  730.  Nymphs  surprised  by  satyrs ;  739.  The 
woman  of  the  Apocalypse ;  *746.  Christ  and  the  penitents ;  **759. 
Pastoral  scene;  *791.  Franciscan;  *748.  Crucifixion;  790.  Cardinal 
Don  Ferdinand  of  Spain ;  736.  Fall  of  the  Angels ;  **727.  Rape  of 
the  daughters  of  Leucippus  by  Castor  and  Pollux  ;  725.  Drunken- 
ness and  Wantonness  overcome  by  Virtue  and  Temperance.  —  E. 
wall:  755.  War  and  Peace;  753.  Reconciliation  of  the  Romans  and 
the  Sabines. 

Cabinet  XII.  Contains  exclusively  pictures  by,  or  attributed 
to,  Rubens  (comp.  R.  VI,  p.  165).  To  the  left  (E.)  :  762.  St.  Chri- 
stopher. —  838.  The  Last  Judgment  (the  small  picture). 

'Very  happily  and  with  a  proper  feeling  of  his  own  powers,  Rubens 
has  here  given  only  a  corner  in  the  background  to  the  Blessed,  whose 
heavenly  calm  and  ethereal  existence  he  was  incapable  of  expressing ;  and 
he  has  devoted  the  whole  of  the  remaining  space  to  the  fall  of  the 
Damned,  his  true  sphere.  .  .  .  The  whole  produces  an  admirable  effect 
by  the  broad  manner  in  which  the  light  is  managed.  The  colouring  is 
powerful,  but  not  extravagant;  the  treatment  particularly  easy  and  clever\ 

—  '2/t/e  of  Rubens\  bv  Prof.    Waagen. 

758.  Pieta.  —  S.  wall:  743.  Satyrs;  *745.  The  chaste  Susanna; 
733.  Conversion  of  Paul;  *761.  Landscape,  with  rainbow;  760. 
Browsing  cattle;  732.  Destruction  of  Sennacherib's  army.  — W. 
wall :  *793.  Portrait  of  a  girl.  —  **742.  Battle  of  the  Amazons. 

'The  admirable  effect  of  the  whole  is  increased  by  a  decided  and 
masterly  arrangement  of  the  light ;  the  colouring  is  forcible  without  being 
overcharged,  and  the  execution  of  the  principal  parts  must  be  called 
careful  for  Rubens.  In  the  whole  range  of  modern  art  there  exists  no 
other  historical  battle-piece  worthy  of  being  compared  with  Raphael's 
Battle  of  Constantine;  and  in  fact  it  has  the  advantage  over  the  latter  in 
the  well-planned  concentration  of  interest,  and  in  the  contrast  afforded 
by  the  male  and  female  figures,  which  is  admirably  employed.'  —  Waagen. 

792.  Old  woman;  *780.  Mourning  for  Decius  (sketch  for  a 
picture  in  the  Liechtenstein  Gallery,  Vienna);  *764-779.  Sketches 
of  events  in  the  life  of  Maria  de'  Medici,  for  the  pictures  painted 
in  1621-26  for  the  Luxembourg  in  Paris,  now  in  the  Louvre. 

VII.  Room.  To  the  left  (E.)  :  A.  van  Dyck,  848.  The  organist 
Liberti  of  Antwerp,  827.  Rest  on  the  Flight  into  Egypt,  836.  Portrait 
of  MarcheseSpinola (unfinished);  939.  J. van  Ar</to«s, Landscape.  — 
S.  wall :  Van  Dyck,  828.  SS.  Mary  and  John  with  the  body  of  Christ, 
834.  Petel,  the  sculptor,  823,  Martyrdom  of  St.  Sebastian;  781. 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     167 

Snyders,  Boar-hunt,  the  figures  by  Rubens i  832.  A.  van  Dyck  and 
P.  Snayers,  Henry  IV.  of  France  defeating  the  Catholic  League; 
A.  van  Dyck,  *822.  Susanna  at  the  bath,  *833.  Portrait  of  himself, 
866.  Portrait  of  Queen  Henrietta  Maria  of  England  (studio-piece). 

—  W.  wall :  868.  G.  Kneller  (after  Van  Dyck),  Queen  Henrietta 
Maria  of  England;  A.  van  Dyck,  *846.  The  painter  Jan  de  Wael 
and  his  wife,  849.  Portrait  of  Mary  Ruthven,  Van  Dyck's  wife  ;  964. 
J.  Fyt,  Bear -hunt.  Van  Dyck,  847.  Malery  the  engraver,  *830. 
Pieta,  835.  Portrait  of  Marchese  Mirabella;  965.  J.  Fyt,  Boar-hunt. 

—  N.  wall:  A.  van  Dyck,  842.  Duchess  of  Croy,  *843.  Portrait, 
*841.  Duke  of  Croy,  *824.  St.  Sebastian ;  968.  P.  Boel,  Dog  watch- 
ing dead  game ;  Van  Dyck,  *839,  840.  So-called  Burgomaster  of 
Antwerp  and  his  wife,  *837.  Duke  Wolfgang  Wilhelm  of  the  Palati- 
nate ;  J.  Fyt,  963.  Roe  pursued  by  dogs,  *966.  Still-life.  —  E.  wall: 
A.  van  Dyck,  *844,  *845.  The  sculptor  Colyn  de  Nole  and  his  wife, 
*826.  Holy  Family;  940.  Arthois,  Landscape. 

Cabinet  XIII.  To  the  left  (E.):  Van  Dyck  (sketches),  856. 
General  Tilly,  851.  Maria  de'  Medici,  859.  Palamedesz,  the  painter, 
860.  Van  Uden,  the  painter,  857.  John,  Count  of  Nassau;  708,  709. 
H.  van  Balen  and  J.  Brueghel,  Spring,  Summer.  —  S.  wall:  921. 
D.  Teniers  the  Younger,  Apes  carousing;  831.  Van  Dyck,  Pietk; 
719.  Vinkboons,  Bearing  of  the  Cross;  922,  Teniers,  Monkeys.  — 
W.  wall:  A.  van  Dyck,  854.  Gustavus  Adolphus,  844.  Wallen- 
stein,  853.  Margaret  of  Lorraine,  852.  Prince  Thomas  of  Carignan, 
858.  Caesar  Alexander  Scaglia;  710,  711.  Van  Balen  and  Brueghel, 
Autumn,  "Winter. 

Cabinet  XIV.  To  the  left  (E.):  697,  682,  689.  J.  Brueghel  the 
Elder,  Landscapes;  *909.  Teniers  the  Fowngrer,  Violin-player;  850. 
Van  Dyck,  Snayers,  the  painter;  675.  Bril,  Landscape;  919.  Teniers, 
Witchcraft.  —  S.  wall:  713,  712.  Balen  and  Brueghel,  Nymphs 
fishing,  Nymphs  and  game;  705.  Brueghel  and  Rubens,  Flora.  — 
W.  wall :  Teniers,  917.  Lot  and  his  daughters,  912.  Village-concert; 
J.  Brueghel,  704.  Madonna  with  a  garland  of  flowers,  683.  Land- 
scape;  715.  Van  Balen  and  Brueghel,  Feast  of  the  Gods. 

Cabinet  XV.  To  the  left  (E.):  Teniers,  902,  903.  Tavern- 
scenes,  926-929.  Old  picture-gallery  at  Brussels ;  894.  A.  Brouwer, 
Peasants  singing.  —  W.  wall:  916.  Teniers,  Municipal  guard- 
room; *880.  Browifcr,  Village-surgeon ;  Teniers,  911.  Peasant  couple, 
905.  Peasant  wedding. 

Cabinet  XVI.  To  the  left  (E.) :  *S7 9.  Brouwer,  Card-players 
quarrelling;  *907.  Teniers,  Boors  drinking;  887,  889,  890,  895, 
896.  Brouwer,  Tavern-scenes;  945.  Millet,  Italian  coast-scene.  — 
S.  wall:  Brouwer,  882,  883,  884,  891,  892.  Scenes  of  peasant- 
life,  *885.  Village -surgeon.  —  W.  wall:  904.  Teniers,  Village- 
tavern;  SSS.  Brouwer,  Card-players;  825.  A.  van  Dyck,  Crucifixion; 
*910.  Teniers,  Cottage -interior;  946.  Millet,  Italian  landscape; 
*893.  Brouwer,  Soldiers  gaming. 


X 


1  68     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

Italian  School  (RR.  VHI-X;  Cat.  XVU-XX).  —  VIII.  Room. 

To  the  left  (E.):  984a,  b.  Agnolo  Oaddi,  SS.  Nicholas  and  Julian; 
*1033.  Cima  da  Conegliano,  Madonna  with  Mary  Magdalen  and 
St,  Jerome;  1044.  School  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Madonna;  1016a. 
Lorenzo  di  Credi,  Virgin  and  Child,  with  an  angel,  an  early  work ; 
*1083.  Lor.  Lotto^  Marriage  of  St.  Catharine;  1008.  Filippino  Lippi^ 
Christ  appearing  to  the  Virgin.  —  S.  wall :  *1011,  1012,  1013.  Dom. 
Ghirlandajo^  Madonna  with  SS.  Catharine  and  Lawrence;  1057. 
Mariotto  Albertinelli,  Annunciation;  1010.  Sandro  Botticelli,  Pieta: 
*1080.  Garofalo,  Piet?i;  1026.  Marco  Palmezzano,  Madonna  and 
Saints.  —  W.  wall :  no  number,  Luca  Signcrelli,  Madonna  (studio- 
piece};  1022a.  Liberale  da  Verona,  Pieta;  1017.  Lorenzo  di  Credi^ 
Holy  Family;  1085.  Eocco  Marconi,  St.  Nicholas  with  John  the 
Baptist  and  St.  Philip;  1066.  A.  del  Sarto,  Holy  Family  (injured); 
1095.  Correggio,  Madonna  with  SS.  Ildefons  and  Jerome  (retouched). 

—  N.  wall:  **1034.  Perugino,  The  Virgin  appearing  to  St.  Bernard; 
1035.  Perugino,  Virgin  adoring  the  Holy  Child ;  *1052,  Raphael, 
Portrait  of  Bindo  Altoviti,  probably  painted  in  Rome  about  1512 
(injured);  1045.  Bern.  Luini.  St.  Catharine;  ^{Oi%.  Raphael,  Holy 
Family,  oftheCanigiani  family;  1087.  Seh.  rfeZPiom5o  (?),  Portrait  of 
a  priest;  1073.  Sodoma,  Madonna;  1060.  Innocenzo  da  7mo?a,  Virgin 
and  saints.  —  *1039.  Franc.  Francia,  Madonna  in  a  bower  of  roses. 

This  panel  'affords  a  rare  example  of  dignity  in  Francia's  works;  it 
is  also  distin^ished  by  a  more  tender  blending  and  harmony  of  silvery 
tone  than  any  we  have  hitherto  met  with'.  —  '■History  of  Painting  in 
Xorth  Italy',  hj  Crowe  and  Cavalcaselle. 

1009.  Filippino  Lippi  (?),  Pieta.  —  E.  wall:  1086.  Bissolo  (?), 
The  relatives  of  Christ;  1006.  Fra  Filippo  Lippi,  Madonna;  1040. 
F.  Francia,  Madonna  and  Child  with  two  angels;  1005.  Fra  Filippo 
Lippi,  Annunciation;  *1031.  M.  Basaiti,  Madonna  withSS.  Sebastian 
and  Jerome;  987,  988.  Spinello  Aretino,  Two  altar-pieces  with  five 
saints  in  each. 

IX.  Room.  To  the  left  (E.)  :  1127.  Jac.  Tintoretto  {?),  Vesalius, 
the  anatomist;  *1112.  Titian,  Charles  V.  (1548);  1147.  Jac.Bassano, 
Entombment.  —  S.  wall :  Paolo  Veronese  (?),  1134.  Cupid  with  two 
tiger-hounds,  1135.  Portrait  of  a  lady  in  brown  silk;  1117.  Franc. 
Vecellio,  Madonna  and  saints;  1116.  Titian,  Venus  initiating  a  girl 
in  the  service  of  Bacchus  (studio-piece);  1128.  Jac.  Tintoretto  (?), 
Nobleman  introducing  his  son  to  the  Doge.  —  "W.  wall:  1152. 
Leandro  Bassano,  Christ  with  Mary  and  Martha;  1113.  Titian, 
Madonna  (injured);   1149.  Jac.  Bassano,  Moses  smiting  the  rock. 

—  *1109.  Titian,  Madonna  with  Jesus  and  John  the  Baptist. 

'The  head  and  foot  of  St.  John,  and  the  head  of  the  Virgin  are  damaged 
by  abrasion  and  retouching;  yet  the  picture  is  still  a  lovely  one  of  Titian, 
and  the  landscape  to  the  right,  with  blue  mountains  and  nearer  ranges 
dotted  w'th  church  and  campanile,  is  beautifully  painted'.  —  '^  Titian",  by 
Crowe  and  Cavalcaselle. 

1124.  Moroni,  Portrait;  1115.  Titian(?^,  Venetian  noble,  — 
1108.  Palma  Vecchio,  Holy  Family. 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     169 

'The  flesh  tints  are  flayed,  and  there  is  some  retouching  in  this  little 
picture,  but  the  figures  and  action  are  still  attractive  by  their  grace;  and 
the  colours  almost  equal  those  of  Titian  in  richness  and  power'.    C.  <fr  C. 

N.  wall:   *1123.  Moretto  (more  likely  Moroni?),  Priest;   1275, 
1274.  Rotari,  Genre-scenes;  School  of  Jac.  Tintoretto,  1132.  Portrait      , 
of  Grimani,  Venetian  admiral,  1129.  Annunciation;  *1110.  Titian,       I 
Vanity  of  earthly  things  (an  early  work,  damaged);  1239.  B.  Strozzi, 
The  Tribute  xMoney;  1111.  Titian,  Portrait  of  a  man;  1156.  Palma 
Giovane ,  Adoration  of  the  Shepherds.  —  *1114.   Titian,  Christ       '; 
crowned  with  thorns  (of  his  latest  period). 

'It  is  impossible  to  conceive  better  arrangement,  greater  harmony  oi 
lines,  or  more  boldness  of  movement.  Truth  in  the  reproduction  of  na- 
ture in  momentary  action  is  combined  with  fine  contrasts  of  light  and 
shade,  and  an  inimitable  richness  of  tone,  in  pigment  kneaded,  grained, 
and  varied  in  surface  beyond  anything  that  we  know  of  this  time'.     C.  <£•  C. 

1136.  P.  Veronese,  The  Centurion  of  Capernaum ;  1121.  Paris 
Bordone  (?),  Man  offering  jewels  to  a  woman ;  1155.  Palma  Giovane, 
Entombment.  —  E.  wall:  1120.  P.  J5ordone(?),  Portrait.  —  *1107. 
Palma  Vecchio  (more  likely  Cariani?),  Portrait  of  a  man. 

'A  noble  portrait  by  Palma  Vecchio',  probably  of  the  painter  himself. 
'Whoever  he  may  be,  the  man  is  of  strong  and  energetic  mould;  the  ' 
glance  of  his  eye  is  so  rapid,  open ,  and  expressive  as  to  convey  the  best 
impression  of  nature's  instant  action;  there  is  a  breadth  of  modelling  and 
a  variety  of  toning  beyond  measure  telling  and  truthful ;  and  the  play  of 
the  features  is  admirable'.    C.  d:  G. 

P.  Veronese,  1137.  Holy  Family  (copy  ?),  1140.  Cleopatra  (studio- 
piece);   1271.  Giov.  Bait.  Tiepolo,  Adoration  of  the  Magi  (1753).  (■ 

X.  Room.  To  the  left  (E.l:  1174.  GuidoReni,  St.  Jerome;  1176.  ^ 
Domenichino,  Susanna  at  the  bath ;  1182.  Guercino,  Dido  on  the 
funeral  pyre;  *1211.  Camillo  Procaccini,  Holy  Family;  1215. 
Cavaliere  d'Arpino,  Madonna.  —  S.  wall:  1194.  Canlassi,  Mary 
Magdalen  borne  to  Heaven  by  angels;  1171.  G.  Reni,  Apollo  flaying 
Marsyas.  —  W.  wall:  1259.  Cignani,  Assumption.  —  N.  wall: 
1054.  After  Raphael,  St.  Cecilia  (original  at  Bologna^;  1105.  Fed. 
Baroccio,  Mary  Magdalen  receiving  the  Eucharist;  1197.  A.  Turchi, 
Hercules  and  Omphale ;  *1170.  G.  Reni,  Assumption;  1165.  Lod. 
Carracci,  Angel  appearing  to  the  sleeping  St.  Francis.  —  E.  wall:  \ 
1164.  Lod.  Carracci,  Entombment;  1185.  Tiarini,  Rinaldo  in  the 
enchanted  forest  (from  Tasso);  1104.  Baroccio,  Christ  appearing 
to  Mary  Magdalen. 

Cabinet  XVII.  To  the  left  (E.):  1023.  Ferrarese  School  (about 
1480),  Madonna  enthroned;  *989-991.  Fra  Angelico,  Legend  of 
SS.  Cosmas  and  Damianus  ;  992.  Fra  Angelico,  The  dead  Christ; 
1040a.  Leonardo  da  Vinci  (more  likely  School  of  Verrocchio  ?),  Ma- 
donna and  Child ;  1000.  Florentine  School  (about  1400),  St.  Jerome  ; 
983.  Giotto,  Last  Supper.  —  S.  wall:  1022.  Francesco  di  Giorgio, 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua;  Florentine  School,  1001.  The  Magi,  999. 
St.  Francis;  1007.  Fra  Filippo  Lippi,  Annunciation;  993,  994. 
School  of  Fra  Angelico,  Annunciation.  —  W.  wall:  Giotto,  982. 
Christ  in  Hades,  981.  Crucifixion;  986.  Lippo  Memmi(?')^  Assump- 


170     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

tion;  996,  997.  Florentine  School,  Portraits;  1030.  School  of  Gentile 
Bellini,  Portrait. 

Cabinet  XVIII.  To  the  left  (E.)  :  995.  School  of  Fra  Angelico, 
Head  of  a  monk  (in  fresco);  1053.  Raphael^?),  Head  of  St.  John 
on  a  tile.  —  S.  wall:  1081.  Garofalo ,  Madonna  with  St.  Michael 
and  John  the  Baptist.  — W.  wall:  1032.  M.  Basaiti,  Descent  from 
the  Cross. 

Cabinet  XIX.  To  the  left  (E.):  1078.  Umbro-Bolognese  School 
(about  1510],  Portrait  of  a  young  man  (forged  inscription) ;  1242. 
Salvator  Rosa,  Soldiers  drinking;  1059.  Girol.  del  Pacchia,  St. 
Bernardino.  —  **1050.  Raphael,  Madonna  Tempi  (so  named  from 
the  Casa  Tempi  at  Florence,  where  it  was  purchased  by  Lewis  I.  in 
1829 ;  much  damaged). 

Both  in  tone  and  execution  this  beautiful  work  is  closely  allied  to 
the  celebrated  Madonna  of  the  House  of  Orleans.  The  colours  are  laid  on 
thinly,  with  a  somewhat  fuller  impasto  in  the  whitish  light.  It  is  a  true 
touch  of  nature  which  makes  the  mother  accompany  the  close  embrace 
with  a  look  of  tender  affection ,  while  the  child  receives  the  caress  more 
mechanically  and  gazes  straight  out  of  the  picture.  —  '■Raffael  und 
Michelangelo",  by  Prof.  Anton  Springer. 

1223.  Sassoferrato ,  Madonna;  1058.  Pacchia,  Madonna  and 
angels;  1186.  Franc.  Albani,  Venus  and  Adonis.  —  S.  wall :  1038, 
1037.  Raphael  (more  probably  Pcrupmo.'),  Baptism  and  Resur- 
rection of  Christ;  *i094.  Correggio,  Faun  playing  the  flute,  early 
work;    1074.  Sodoma(?),  Archangel  Michael.  —  W.  wall:   1184. 

B.  Gennari,  Salvator  Mundi;  *1051.  Raphael,  Madonna  della  Tenda 
(so  named  from  the  green  curtain ;  purchased  in  England  by  Lewis  I. 
in  1814);    1227.    C.  Dolci,  Mary  Magdalen.   —  N.  wall:    1224. 

C.  Dolci,  Madonna. 

Cabinet  XX.  To  the  left(E.):  Bern.  Belotto  (Canaletto),  1268. 
The  Piazzetta,  1270.  Vegetable-market  at  Venice;  *1133.  Paolo 
Veronese{J\  Jupiter  and  Antiope;  1145.  Paolo  Veronese,  Adoration 
of  the  Magi  (studio-piece).  —  S.  wall:  1168.  Ann.  Carracci,  Pietk; 
1192.  Lanfranco,  Christ  on  the  Mt.  of  Olives;  1200.  Cigoli ,  St. 
Francis.  —  W.  wall :  1267.  Belotto  (Canaletto),  Canal  Grande  at 
Venice ;  1233.  Carlo  Maratta  (?),  Portrait  of  a  cardinal. 

Spanish  Masters  (chiefly).  —  XI.  Room.  To  the  left  (N.) :  1291 . 
Zurbaran,  St.  Francis  of  Assisi;  1254.  L.  Giordano,  The  father 
of  the  artist;  *1308.  Murillo,  Old  woman  cleansing  a  boy's  head; 
1253.  L.  Giordano,  Portrait  of  himself.  —  E.  wall:  1309.  Clodio 
Coello,  St.  Peter  of  Alcantara  walking  on  the  sea;  1280.  Ribera, 
Body  of  St.  Andrew  removed  from  the  cross ;  1298.  Ant.  Pereda, 
Portrait;  i2Sl.  Ribera,  Death  of  Seneca.  —  S.wall:  1310.  Jose 
Antolinez,  The  Conception;  Murillo,  *1306.  Beggar-boys  gambling, 
1303.  St.  Thomas  of  Villanuova  healing  a  paralytic,  *1307.  Girls 
selling  fruit;  1279.  Franc.  Ribalta,  The  Virgin  and  St.  John 
returning  from  the  Sepulchre.  —  W.  wall :  Ribera,  1285.  St.  Onu- 
phrius  praying,  1282.  Egg-dealer;  1300.  Pedro  de  Moya,  Conver- 
sation-piece; *1305.  Murillo,  Two  beggar -boys  with  a  puppy; 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     171 

1284.  Ribera,  St.  Bartholomew;  1293.  Velazquez,  Portrait;  1299. 
P.  de  Moya,  Fortune-teller;  1302.  Careno,  Donna  Maria  Anna  de 
Austria.  —  N.  wall:  1292.  Velazquez  (?),  Portrait  of  himself  (in- 
jured); i2SS.  Rib  era,  Peter's  repentance;  **1304.  Murillo ,  Two 
beggar-boys  eating  grapes  and  melons;  1301.  Alonso  Cano,  Vision 
of  St.  Anthony  of  Padua. 

XII.  Room.  French  and  Later  German  Masters.  To  the  left 
(N.):  *1326,  1327.  Claude Lorrain,  Landscapes.  —  W.  wall:  1322. 
N,  Poussin,  Midas  and  Bacchus ;  1374.  J.  Vernet,  Storm  at  sea  ;  1340. 
Ph.  de  Champaigne,  Turenne ;  *1324,  *1325.  Claude  Lorrain,  Land- 
scapes ;  *1321.  iV.  Poussin,  Entombment.  — S.  wall:  1330.  Le 
Sueur,  Christ  in  the  house  of  Lazarus.  —  E.  wall:  1433.  Ant.  Graff, 
Portrait  of  himself;  1425.  J.  Kup€tzky(?),  Portrait  of  a  woman ; 
Chr.  Schwarz,  1380-82.  Madonna  in  clouds,  at  the  sides  SS.  Jerome 
and  Catharine,  1379.  Family  of  the  artist;  1431.  R.  Mengs,  Portrait 
of  himself;   1432.  Ang.  Kauffmann,  Portrait  of  herself. 

Cabinet  XXI.  To  the  left  (E.) :  1316.  A.  Crabeth  (?),  Portrait 
of  a  young  lady;  1331.  Le  Sueur,  Mass  of  St.  Louis;  1368.  C.  J. 
Vernet,  Morning  by  the  sea  ;  1366.  Ant.  Pesne,  Girl  with  straw-hat ; 
1376.  Chardin,  Cook  paring  turnips ;  1369.  Vernet,  Evening  near 
Rome.  —  W.  wall :  1377.  Oreuze,  Head  of  a  girl;  1314.  J.  Clouet, 
Portrait  of  a  young  man ;  1315.  Francois  Clouet,  Claude,  daughter 
of  Henry  IL  of  France.  —  N.  wall  :  1320.  S.  Vouet,  Madonna. 

Cabinet  XXII.  German  Masters,  chiefly  17th  century.  —  To 
the  left  (E.):  Casp.  Netscher,  1398.  Musical  entertainment,  1399. 
Lady  with  parrot;  Rottenhammer,  1383.  Judgment  of  Paris,  1384. 
Last  Judgment,  1385.  Diana  and  Actseon;  1426,  1427.  Denner,  Old 
man  and  old  woman  ;  1416.  J.  H.  Roos,  Before  the  battle  ;  Netscher, 
1400.  Bathsheba  at  the  bath,  1402.  Pastoral  scene.  —  S.  wall: 
*iddi. Elsheimer,  Moon-light  scene,  with  the  Flight  to  Egypt  as  ac- 
cessory ;  1401.  Netscher,  Boy  playing  the  flute;  1404, 1405.  Mignon, 
Fruit  and  flowers ;  Rottenhammer ,  1386.  Madonna  in  a  landscape, 
1387.  Boys  dancing.  —  "VV.  wall :  1388.  Rottenhammer,  Marriage  at 
Cana ;  1403.  Lingelbach,  Hay-harvest;  1415.  Roos,  Landscape  with 
cattle;  1390.  Elsheimer,  Destruction  of  Troy. 

Cabinet  XXIII  contains  a  series  of  religious  pictures  painted 
for  Elector  Palatine  Johann  "Wilhelm  by  Adrian  van  der  Werff,  and 
a  few  other  works  by  the  same  hand  [440-61,  464,  438,  446). 

On  the  S.  side  are  the  *Loggie  (entrance  from  the  Platz,  to  the 
left),  an  arcade  in  twenty-five  sections ,  with  frescoes  designed  by 
Cornelius,  illustrating  the  history  of  painting  in  the  middle  ages, 
the  first  thirteen  relating  to  Italian  art,  the  remaining  twelve  to 
art  in  Germany,  the  Netherlands,  and  France. 

E.  Series:  1.  Dome:  Religion  in  union  with  the  Arts.  Arabesques; 
King  David  (lyric  poetry),  Solomon  (architecture),  St.  Luke  (painting), 
St.  Cecilia  (music).  King  Lewis  conducted  by  bis  genius  into  the  grove 
of  poets  and  artists;  the  three  heads  to  the  right  on  the  outer  arch  are 
Klenze,   Cornelius,   and    Zimmermann.    —  2.    The   Crusades   awaien  Art. 


172     Routers.  MUNICH.  Old  Pinakothek. 

Bernard  of  Clairvaux  preaches  the  Crusade.  Battle  of  Iconium.  Giov. 
Pisano  shows  the  magistrates  of  Pisa  his  design  for  the  Campo  Santo.  — 
3.  Cimabue(^d.  1300).  He  is  taught  by  Byzantine  painters  ;  his  Madonna  brought 
into  the  church.  —  4.  Giotto  (d.  1337),  when  a  shepherd-boy,  becomes  Cimabue's 
pupil ;  shows  his  pictures  to  Pope  Benedict  XI. ;  King  Robert  of  Naples 
visits  Giotto;  the  painter  accompanies  Pope  Clement  V.  to  Avignon.  — 
5.  Fra  Angelico  da  Fiesole  (d.  1455).  Ordination  as  Dominican  \  he  paints 
in  the  cells  of  the  monastery  \  receives  the  blessing  of  Pope  Martin  V. 
after  having  painted  a  chapel  in  the  Vatican  •,  shows  Duke  Cosimo  de' 
Medici  at  Florence  the  plan  of  the  monastery  of  St.  Mark ;  he  declines 
an  archiepiscopal  see.  —  6.  Masaccio  (d.  1443)  shows  his  designs  to  a  car- 
dinal \  paints  in  the  church  del  Carmine  at  Florence.  —  7.  Perugino  (d. 
1524),  RaphaeFs  teacher.  —  8.  Predecessors  and  Conteinporaries  of  Raphael. 
Signorelli's  Vision  of  the  Last  Judgment.  —  9.  Leon,  da  VincVs  birth  (d. 
1519) ;  Leonardo  as  a  teacher  and  a  portrait-painter ;  his  death  in  the 
presence  of  Francis  I.  of  France.  —  10.  Correggio  (d.  1534)  among  his 
pupils;  allegories.  —  11.  Venetian  School.  Diirer  visits  Bellini-,  Bellini  at 
Constantinople  paints  the  Sultan  and  his  mistress;  Titian  paints  Emp. 
Charles  V.  ;  the  heads  of  the  School  visit  Titian.  —  12.  Michael  Angelo  (d. 
1563).  Allegory  in  allusion  to  his  threefold  capacity  as  painter,  sculptor, 
and  architect;  he  paints  the  ceiling  of  the  Sistine  Chapel;  works  as  a 
sculptor  at  night;  designs  the  dome  of  St.  Peter's.  —  13.  Raphael  (d.  1520) 
when  a  boy  in  his  father's  studio ;  enters  the  school  of  Perugino ;  is 
introduced  to  Pope  Julius  II. ;  paints  in  the  Stanze  of  the  Vatican. 

"W.  Seeies  (beginning  at  the  end)  :  1.  Allegories  similar  to  those  in  the 
first  loggia  on  the  E.  —  2.  Charles  MarteFs  victory  over  the  Saracens  at  Tours 
(732).  Boniface  preaches  Christianity.  Charlemagne  surrounded  by  scholars, 
bards,  and  poets.  —  3.  Emp.  Henry,  the  'founder  of  cities'.  The  architect 
Meister  Gerhardt  delivers  the  mode!  of  Cologne  cathedral  to  Bishop  Conrad  ; 
relics  of  the  Magi ;  death  of  St.  Gereon  and  St.  Ursula.  —  4.  Meister  Wilhelm 
of  Cologne  (d.  1380).  Vision  of  the  Virgin  ;  his  death.  Influence  on  the  pic- 
tures of  Holbein  and  other  masters.  —  5.  John  (d.  1442)  and  Hubert  (d. 
1426)  van  Eyck:  the  latter  invents  oil-painting;  teaches  his  brother  and 
sister ;  shows  Philip  the  Good  of  Burgundy  his  pictures ;  instructs  Anto- 
nello  of  Messina  in  the  art  of  oil-painting.  Allusions  to  their  celebrated 
'Immaculate  Lamb\  —  John  Memling  (d.  1499)  paints  in  St.  John's  Hos- 
pital at  Bruges ;  his  death ;  vision  of  the  Last  Judgment.  —  7.  Lucas  van 
Leyden  (d.  1533)  :  drawing  on  his  death-bed.  —  8.  Hans  Holbein  (d.  1543)  : 
the  Virgin  appears  to  him  (allusions  to  his  Dresden  Madonna) ;  he  receives 
letters  of  introduction  from  Erasmus  for  England;  paints  Sir  Thomas  More 
and  his  family ;  introduction  to  Henry  VIII. ;  he  draws  the  Dance  of 
Death.  —  9.  Albert  Diirer  (d.  1528),  pupil  of  Wohlgemut ;  his  friend  Pirk- 
heimer  reads  to  him;  Emp.  Maximilian  holds  the  ladder  for  him;  his 
flattering  reception  among  the  painters  of  Antwerp.  —  10.  Rembrandt  (d. 
1669) ;  on  the  dome  Claude  Lorrain  (d.  1682).  —  11.  Le  Sueur  (d.  1655) 
working  at  night,  among  the  Carmelites;  Nic.  Poussin  and  his  School  at 
Rome;  protection  from  envy.  —  12.  Rubens  (d.  1640)  at  his  easel,  sprinkled 
with  flowers  by  the  goddess  of  fortune ;  at  his  feet  Cupid  and  Bacchantes  ; 
allusions  to  the  tendency  of  his  pictures ;  the  master  in  the  presence  of 
Marie  de'  Medici ;  ambassador  in  England. 

Ground  Flook  of  the  Pinakothek.  On  the  N.  side  are  the  Cabi- 
net of  Engravings  (adm.,  seep.  142),  upwards  of  300, 000  in  number 
(Dutch  and  German  well  represented),  and  the  Cabinet  of  Drawings 
(adm.,  see  p.  142),  containing  22,000  by  old  and  modern  masters 
(four  by  Raphael,  ten  by  Fra  Bartolommeo,  seal  of  the  academy  of 
Florence  by  Benvenuto  Cellini.,  with  explanation  in  his  own  hand- 
writing, sketches  by  Rembrandt  and  ZJurer,  portraits  by  Holbein,  etc.). 

Good  reproductions  (photographs,  photo-lithographs,  etc.)  of  rare  en- 
gravings, etchings,  and  drawings  are  sold  by  the  attendants  in  the  Cabi- 
net of  Engravings.     Prices  25  pf.  to  3  Jl. 


Old  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     173 

The  Cabinet  of  Vases  (adm.,  see  p.  142;  catalogue  1  jjT),  occu- 
pying five  rooms  in  the  W.  wing  of  the  groundfloor  of  the  Old 
Pinakothek,  comprises  about  1500  specimens,  obtained  by  King 
Lewis  I.  from  the  Candelori  (from  Vu lei),  Canino  (Etruscan),  Dod- 
well  (Greek),  Panitteri  and  Politi  (Sicilian),  and  Lipona  (Lower 
Italian)  collections. 

I.  Room.  Centre-table:  2.  Woman  playing  the  lyre;  3.  Hercules  wrest- 
ling with  Antaeu3;  7.  Theseus  carrying  oft'  Antiope;  10-41.  Drinking  cups, 
mostly  inscribed  with  toasts.  Table  to  the  left :  54.  The  Gorgon  pursuing 
Perseus  (archaic)  ;  68,  60.  Hercules  stealing  the  Delphic  tripod;  65.  Achilles 
killing  Troilus  at  the  altar  (on  the  battlements  of  Troy  are  Priam,  He- 
cuba, and  other  figures);  89.  Achilles  lying  in  wait  for  Polyxena  and 
Troilus  behind  a  fountain;  114.  Hercules  and  Antseus ;  120,  122.  Women 
with  pitchers  on  their  heads  at  a  fountain;  123.  Zeus,  Hermes,  Hera,  and 
Aphrodite  caricatured;  124.  Achilles  attacked  by  Hector,  .tineas,  and 
Deiphobus  after  the  death  of  Troilus  (very  early) ;  125.  Atalanta  and  Pe- 
leus  struggling;  134.  Hercules  vanquishing  the  Triton ;  170.  Fight  between 
Theseus  and  the  Minotaur. 

II.  Room.  Near  the  door,  fragments  of  old  mural  paintings.  Table 
to  the  right  (behind  a  grating):  *211.  Dodwell  Vase,  found  at  Corinth  (on 
the  lid,  boar-hunt  with  names  inscribed ;  on  the  vase,  figures  of  animals). 
Table  to  the  left:  299.  Triptolemus  in  the  winged  chariot.  On  the  small 
table  near,  329.  Theseus  and  Ariadne. 

III.  Room  (r.).  First  table  to  the  right:  331.  Peleus  overcoming  Thetis; 
334.  Cups  with  pleasing  inscriptions  in  dialogue;  *336.  Triptolemus  in 
the  winged  chariot  (patera) ;  337.  Youth  on  horseback  (Castor?):  342.  Com- 
bat between  Hercules  and  Busiris ;  343.  Medea  with  the  ram'  practising 
magic;  345.  Gsea  delivering  Erichthonius  to  Athena.  Second  table:  *370. 
Large  cup  with  raised  and  gilded  ornamentation,  Achilles  slaying  Pen- 
thesilea;  376.  Boreas  carrying  off"  Orithyia;  378.  Hector  arming  himself; 
383.  Orpheus  pursued  by  a  Thracian  woman.  —  Third  table :  404.  Seated 
youth  with  a  wreath ;  418.  Chariot-races. 

IV.  Room  (left  from  II.  Room).  The  nine  tables  round  the  walls  bear 
nothing  of  importance.  Near  the  pillars  stand  Athenian  prize  amphoree, 
the  pattern  of  which  was  imported  into  Italy  in  oil-jars,  e.g.  449,  498, 
544,  with  representations  of  Athena  and  warlike  sports.  On  the  windows 
wire-cages  with  specimens  of  small  vessels ,  some  of  them  of  very  hand- 
some shape.  On  the  table  (No.  10)  nearest  the  entrance :  *745.  The  contest 
between  Idas  and  Apollo  for  Marpessa ;  748.  Boreas  pursuing  Orithyia ; 
*753.  (flower-pot  or  wine-cooler?),  Alcseus  and  Sappho.  Eleventh  table 
(towards  the  window) :  776.  Hephaestus  intoxicated ,  surrounded  by  Bac- 
chantes ;  781.  Large  cooler  or  mixing-cup,  with  five  sailing-ships  on  the 
brim,  inside.  Twelfth  table  (in  a  line  with  No.  10):  *805.  Scenes  from  the 
Argonautic  expedition ;  807.  Peleus  pursuing  Thetis ;  '810.  Large  coloured 
amphora  from  Canosa  in  Apulia:  Vengeance  of  Medea,  death  of  Creusa  in 
the  poisoned  garment,  Medea  slays  her  children  and  departs  in  the  chariot 
drawn  by  dragons.  —  Thirteenth  table:  '*849.  Large  amphora,  Orpheus  in 
Hades,  companion  vase  to  the  beautiful  No.  810  and  like  it  found  at  Ca- 
nosa; 853.  Lycurgus  and  Dionysus,  beautifully  ornamented,  Apulian,  from 
the  same  tomb  as  Nos.  810  and  849.  Then,  drinking  utensils  representing 
heads  of  a  woman,  griffin,  sheep,  ram,  horse,  and  deer. 

V.  Room.  On  Table  I,  left:  Old  Etrurian  utensils  in  black  clay  with 
stamped  figures;  on  Table  II  some  very  ancient  yellow  ones  with  animals. 
Table  IV,  right:  Plain  Cyprian  vessels.  On  Table  III:  1035.  Large  vase  with 
combats  between  war-chariots.  On  the  floor  a  large  antique  'Mosaic,  Gsea, 
goddess  of  the  earth,  surrounded  by  the  seasons,  also  Helius  in  the  zo- 
diac, found  in  the  Romagna  on  the  property  of  the  Duke  of  Leuchtenberg. 

The  *New  Pinakothek  (PI.  D,  2;  tramway-lines  1  &  3,  p.  140; 
adm.,  see  p.  148;  catalogue,  incl.  the  porcelain  collection,  i^O  pf,), 


174     Route  28. 


MUNICH. 


New  Pinakothek. 


erected  by  Voit  in  1846-53 ,  contains  exclusively  Modern  Pictures, 
mainly  by  Munich  masters  (650  works,  in  eleven  rooms  and  four- 
teen cabinets).  The  frescoes  on  the  exterior,  which  have  suffered 
from  exposure  on  the  W.  and  S.  sides,  were  executed  by  Nilson 
from  Kaulbach's  designs  (see  5th  small  saloon,  p.  176).  In  the 
entrance-hall  is  the  model  of  Wagner's  Quadriga  on  the  Siegesthor 
(p.  152).  Near  it,  to  the  left,  is  the  entrance  to  two  rooms  con- 
taining Pamimgrs  on  Porcelain  (adm.,  see  p.  143;  catalogue,  see 
above),  copies  of  the  best  pictures  in  the  Old  Pinakothek,  and  of 
the  gallery  of  beauties  in  the  Palace.  The  groundfloor  also  now 
contains  the  Antiquarium  (p.  179),  in  five  rooms. 


Ground  Plan  of  the 
North. 

Vpjper  Floor. 

1 

1 

iVii 
1        i 

14|13 

12 

11 

10 

9 

8      7 

6     6     4 

3 

2      1 

Stair- 
case. 

1 

V         IV          m           n     '     I 

I 

n 

III 

IV 

V 

South. 

I.  Room  :  *  W.  von  Kaulbach,  Portrait  of  King  Lewis  I. ;  (r.)  Kaul- 
bach,  Portrait  of  King  Maximilian  II.;  (1.)  Holmberg^  Prince  Regent 
Luitpold.  Malachite  vase  presented  by  Emp.  Nicholas ;  porphyry 
vases  from  King  Charles  John  of  Sweden.  Tables  of  green  granite 
(erbetto  antico)  and  Egyptian  granite;  vases  of  serpentine,  porphyry- 
breccia,  and  antique  alabaster. 

II.  Room.  *i.  C.  von  Piloty,  Seni  before  the  corpse  of  Wal- 
lenstein;  24.  Jacobs^  Wreck;  *2.  C,  von  Piloty^  Thusnelda  in  the 
triumphal  procession  of  Germanicus;  *230.  Andr.  Achenbach,  Storm 
at  sea ;  *3.  Anselm  Feuerbach^  Medea;  7.  Piglhein,  Christ  bearing  the 
Cross ;  8.  Fiiger,  Mary  Magdalen ;  9.  Albert  Becker,  Raising  of  the 
daughter  of  Jairus;  10.  Winkler^  Mountain-scene  by  moonlight;  11. 
Stange,  Venice  burying  its  doge;  15.  Schorn,  Deluge  (unfinished); 
17.  J.  A.  Koch,  20.  Chr.  Reinhart,  Historical  landscapes.  This  and 
the  following  three  rooms  also  contain  (above)  cartoons  for  windows 
in  the  cathedral  of  Cologne  and  the  Auer-Kirche  at  Munich,  by  J.  A. 
Fischer. 

III.  Room.  Wenglein,  *27,  Collecting  lime  in  the  bed  of  the 
Isar  at  l?blz,  28.  Moorland  in  Upper  Bavaria;  524.  Ed.Schleich^  Moon- 
light; *32.  Heffner,  Isola  Sacra  near  Rome;  33.  A.  Zimmermann^ 
Mountain-scene ;  *36,  37.  Makart,  Gifts  of  the  water  and  the  earth 
(Abundantia) ;  38.  Coroenne,  The  Dauphin  taking  leave  of  his  mother 
Marie  Antoinette  in  1793;  *40.    W.  von  Kaulbach,  Destruction  of 


New  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28,  Route.     175 

Jerusalem  (which  suggested  the  cycle  of  frescoes  in  the  New  Mu- 
seum at  Berlin);  39.  Fliiggen^  Ante-chamber  of  a  prince. 

IV.  Room.  618.  W.  Rduber,  The  conversion  of  St.  Hubert; 
636.  Fr.  Roubaud,  In  the  Caucasus;  588.  L.  Herterich,  St.  George; 
609.  W.  Lindenschmit  the  Younger,  Venus  and  Adonis;  55.  H.  von 
Hess,  Last  Supper  (unfinished);  607.  William  Stott,  Bathing-place; 
623.  W.  B.  Tholen,  Sand-pits  among  the  Dunes;  34.  A.  Zimmer' 
mann,  Historical  landscape ;  504.  Luigi  Nono  (Venice),  Vegetable- 
seller;  Zwengauer,  77,  Moor,  78.  The  Benediktenwand  (evening- 
scenes');  139.  P.  Hocker,  Dutch  girl;  589.  G.  Kuhl,  Sunday  after- 
noon in  Holland;  615.  P.  Paid  MUller,  By  the  pond;  5S7.  Herm. 
Baisch,  Dutch  pasture;  590.  A.  Laupheimer,  Cardinal;  79,  80.  Mill- 
ner,  Kampenwand;  606.  O.  Striltzel,  Environs  of  Munich;  *516. 
Ed.  Schleich,  Scene  on  the  Isar;  54.  Fr.  Navez,  Women  of  Fondi 
spinning;  606.  Anderson-Lundby.  Winter-day;  *123.  A.  Bocklin, 
Among  the  waves ;  83.  Joh.  Schraudolph,  Christ  healing  the  sick ; 
591.  Fr.  Skarbina,  Farm-house  in  Picardy;  597.  P.  J.  Clays,  Open 
sea;  53.  Heimlein,  Waterfall  near  Salzburg. 

V.  Room.  119.  Fr.  August  von  Kaulbach,  Entombment;  58.  fl, 
von  Hess,  Apollo  and  the  Muses;  109.  Fischer,  Entombment;  85.  JoK 
Schraudolph,  The  Virgin,  Mary  Magdalen,  and  St.  John  on  Mt.  Cal- 
vary ;  108.  L.  Brills,  The  Saviour ;  Schraudolph,Si.  Miraculous  draught 
of  fishes,  81.  Mary  with  Jesus  and  John  the  Baptist,  88a.  Ascension; 
116.  Fr.  Overbeck,  Italy  and  Germany;  82.  Schraudolph,  St.  Agnes; 
62,  63.  P.  von  Hess,  King  Otho  entering  Naupliain  1833  and  Athens 
in  1835;  107.  W.  von  Schadow,  Holy  Family;  97.  Angelica  Kauff- 
mann,  Christ  and  the  Samaritan  Woman  ;  613.  Ed.  Gebhardt,  Cruci- 
fixion; 91.  Wichmann,  Venetian  woman  distributing  fruit ;  57.  H. 
von  Hess,  Virgin  enthroned;  *115.  Overbeck,  Mary  and  Elizabeth, 
Jesus  and  John  the  Baptist  (1825). 

VI.  Room.  *Rottmann,  Twenty-three  Greek  landscapes  (1845-50), 
encaustic  paintings  admirably  lighted  from  above. 

Smaller  Rooms  (beginning  from  the  large  Room  V). 

I.  On  the  right:  633.  L.  K.  Midler,  Study  of  a  head  (Coptic 
girl);  156.  H.  Lang,  Storming  of  Froschweiler;  602.  Raffet,  Soldiers 
of  the  First  Republic;  157.  H.  Lang,  Bavarians  crossing  the  Marne 
at  Corbeil;  A.  Adam,  159.  Battle  of  Custozza  (1848),  160.  Battle  of 
Novara  (1849);  *140.  Putz,  Bavarian  riflemen  at  Bazeilles;  5.  Ans. 
Feuerbach,  Portrait  of  himself;  141.  Fr.  BodenmidUr,  Battle  of 
Worth;  *122.  Fr.  von  Lenbach,  Portrait  of  Dr.  Dollinger;  593.  R. 
Hirth  du  Frenes,  The  artist  Schueh;  142.  Bodenmidler,  Incident  in 
the  Battle  of  Sedan;  158.  A.  Adam,  Storming  the  lines  of  Diippel 
(1849) ;  642.  H.  W.  Jansen.  Dutch  harbour ;  652.  V.  Midler,  Romeo 
and  Juliet;  *578.  Or.  Bisschop  (The  Hague),  Sunshine  in  house  and 
heart;  12i.  A.  Bocklin,  Pan  among- the  reeds;  563.  Jan  Blommers, 
Fresh  fish  ;  *121.  Lenbach,  Prince  Bismarck  ;  126.  F.  Adam,  Battle  of 
Orle'ans;  581.  Frenzel,  The  favourite;  *120.  Lenhach,  Pope  Leo XIII. 


176     Route  2_8.  MUNICH.  New  Plnakothek. 

II.  To  the  right:  G3i. [George  Innes,  Sunrise;  572.  V.  Oeza,  Ducks  ; 
570.  A.  von  Pettenkofen^  Hut  in  Slavonia:  565.  Fr.  von  Uhde,  A 
painful  walk;  61.  P.  von  Hess,  Battle  of  Austerlitz;  622.  F.  Briitt, 
The  decisive  moment ;  *643.  Franz  Stuck^  Sin  ;  127.  F.  Adam^  At- 
tack at  Mars-la-Tour;  *584.  A.  Kampf,  Emp.  William  I.  lying  in 
state;  640.  0.  Jernherg,  In  the  fields;  51.  W.  von  Kobell,  Battle  of 
Hanau  (1813);  594.  A.  Langhammer,  Supper;  625.  H.  Herkomcr^ 
Cares  (water-colour) ;  604.  Ad.  Menzel^  The  levy  (gouache) ;  568. 
John  Lavery^  Tennis-court ;  567.  A.  Kunz^  Still-life ;  562.  Fr.  Cour- 
tens,  A  field  of  hyacinths;  638.  G.  Hackly  The  first  quarters;  616. 
ISic.  Gysis,  Carnival  in  Greece;  47.  B.  Adam,  Cattle;  no  number, 
*Munkacsy,  \isit  to  a  sick  woman;  17 L  Ste/fan,  Mountain-scene; 
no  number,  J.  Benlliure  (Valencia),  St.  Francis;  182.  Ad.  Echtler, 
Fallen;  169.  Chr.  Morgenstern,  Landscape  in  Alsace;  149.  Van  der 
Meer,  Winter-scene  in  the  Netherlands ;  626.  L.  Brunin,  The  sculptor; 
644.  Aless.  Milesi,  Twilight;  577.  H.  Bartels,  At  full  steam. 

III.  To  the  right:  186.  G.  von  Canal,  Old  palace-garden;  184. 
Diday,  The  Wetterhorn;  187.  E.  Zimmermann,  Adoration  of  the 
ghepherds;  191.  Willroider,  The  Deluge;  i%%  H.  Kaulbach,  At  a 
friend's  grave;  *193.  A.  Gabl,  Yaccination  in  Tyrol;  194.  M,  Zim- 
mermann,  Oak-forest;  ,519.  Ed.  Schleich,  Coming  storm;  198.  Joh. 
Fischbach^  Convent-park;  201.  L.  von  Hagn,  Concert  in  a  garden ; 
*202.  Kurzbauer,  Festival  in  the  country  ;  203.  Stademann,  Winter- 
scene  ;  189.  Loe/ftz,  Body  of  Christ;  185.  G.  von  Maffei,  Turn-spits 
(Dachshunde) ;  183.  Winterhalter,  Portrait. 

IV.  To  the  right:  *2i5.  Wilkie,  Opening  the  wHl ;  216.  J.  Ver- 
meersch,  Harbour- scene;  229.  Chr.  Mali,  Mountain-pasture;  165. 
W.  Lichtenheld,  Moonlight-scene;  242.  Jos.  von  Brandt,  Cossack 
horses  in  a  snow-storm ;  236.  B.  Fries,  Scene  on  the  Tiber,  near  Rome ; 
210.  A.  Riedel,  Girl  of  Albano  ;  635.  Fr.  Eoubaud,  Wounded;  *243. 
J.  von  Brandt^  Defence;  235.  Voltz,  Herd  returning  home;  231.  Andr. 
Achenbach,  Autumn  morning  in  the  Pontine  Marshes ;  239.  L.  Gallait, 
Monk  feeding  the  poor;  178.  B.  Zimmermann,  Mountain-scene  in 
winter;  241.  Verboeckhoven,  Sheep-pen;  537.  Griitzner,  Convent- 
scene;  oQi.  Le May eur,  High-tide;  228.  Mali,  Scene  inYerona;  *227. 
Wopfner,  Fishing  in  the  Chiemsee ;  224.  Schindler,  March ;  206. 
A.  Riedel,  Judith;  223.  Ad.  Lier,  The  Theresienwiese  at  Munich; 
221.  Ramberg,  After  dinner;  205.  A.  Riedel,  Neapolitan  fisher-family. 

V.  Above  :  W.  von  Kaulbach,  Sketches  for  the  frescoes  outside 
the  building  (p.  174) ,  representing  the  artistic  activity  of  King 
Lewis  I.  at  Rome  and  Munich,  with  numerous  portraits.  To  the 
right:  244.  Marc6,  Landscape  with  the  Flight  into  Egypt;  250.  A. 
von  Bayer,  Franciscan  Church  in  Salzburg;  254.  J.  Lange,  The 
Gosau-See  by  morning  light;  *257.  J.  Geyer,  Concilium  medicum; 
271.  Jos.  Stieler,  Portrait  of  Goethe  (1828) ;  *260.  Defregger,  Storming 
the  Red  Tower  at  Munich  in  1705 ;  258.  J.  Geyer,  Return  from  the 
masked  ball:   59.   H.  von  Hess,  Portrait  of  Thorwaldsen  :  255.   J. 


New  Pinakothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     177 

Lange,  The  Gosau-See  by  evening-light;  QGl-^GO,  274-279.  Stieler^ 
Schrotzberg,  etc.,  Portraits  of  the  Bavarian  royal  family;  AinmuUer, 
246,  247.  Interior  and  Choir  of  Westminster  Abbey ;  249.  Steinle, 
The  Parzival  cycle  (water-colours). 

We  now  pass  through  Room  I  to  the  Cabinets  (chronologically 
arranged). 

i.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  281.  Graff,  Portrait  of  Chodowiecky; 
98.  Angelica  Kauffmann,  King  Lewis  I.  when  crown-prince ;  18. 
Jos.  A.  Koch,  Italian  vintage-festival ;  opposite,  298.  Catel,  Crown- 
prince  Lewis  in  the  Spanish  artists'  tavern  on  the  Ripa  Grande  at 
Rome;  19.  J.  A.  Koch,  Schmadri  Fall  in  Switzerland. 

2.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  307.  A.  Schelfhout,  By  the  shore ;  Rott- 
mann,  *319.  Monte  Pellegrino  near  Palermo,  320.  Acropolis  of 
Sicyon;  Fr.  Catel,  302.  Near  Castel  Gandolfo,  303.  Bay  of  Palermo; 
321.  Rottmann,  Isl&nd  of  Ischia,  ]  opposite,  316.  Fr.  Granet,  Savo- 
narola; 317.  A'oefcfcocfc,  Sea-piece;  337.  Regemorter,  Dutch  room; 
44.  W.  von  Kaulbach,  King  Lewis  I.;  back-wall,  Quaglio,  341.  St. 
Sebald's  at  Nuremberg,  342.  Cathedral  of  Orvieto';  355.  Dillis,  Tegeru- 
see;  358.  Neher,  Trausnitz  Chapel,  near  Landshut;  372.  Heydeck, 
Lion-gate  at  Mycenae. 

3.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  309.  J.  W.  Preyer,  Still-life;  P.  von 
Hess,  64.  Italian  tavern,  67.  Greek  peasants  on  the  shore,  66.  Marino, 
in  the  Alban  Mountains ;  B.  Stange,  12.  Shipping  in  the  Lagoons  of 
Venice,  13.  Italian  villa;  374.  K.  W.  von  Heydeck,  Bridge  of  Cuenca 
in  Spain;  324.  Rottmann,  Eibsee ;  opposite,  297.  Jos.  Rebell,  Near 
Capri ;  68.  P.  von  Hess,  Capturing  horses  in  Wallachia ;  Rottmann, 
325.  The  Hohe  GoU,  326a.  Corfu ;  313.  J.  Schnorr,  Scenes  from  the 
Nibelungen ;  rear-wall,  305.  Catel,  Garden  of  the  Capuchins  at  Sy- 
racuse. 

4.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  no  number,  P.  von  Hess,  Departure  of 
King  Otho  for  Greece  ;  162,  163.  A.  Adam,  Horses  ;  308.  Schelfhout, 
Winter-scene ;  272,  273.  Jos.  Stieler,  Emp.  Francis  I.  of  Austria  and 
his  wife ;  377.  Heydeck,  Approach  to  the  Acropolis ;  opposite,  Rott- 
mann, *322.  Taormina  with  Mt.  Etna,  323.  Tomb  of  Archimedes  at 
Syracuse ;  384.  Schendel,  Market-place  at  Antwerp ;  385.  Monten, 
Napoleon  I. ;  rear-wall,  128.  F.  Adam,  French  cuirassiers  at  the 
burning  of  Moscow;  340.  Ferd.  Braekeleer,  Street-musician;  70-74. 
P.  von  Hess,  Sketches  for  the  scenes  from  the  Greek  War  of  In- 
dependence in  the  Arcades  (p.  149). 

5.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  392,  393.  H.  Adam,  Views  of  Munich; 
*394.  M.  von  Schwind,  A  symphony ;  opposite,  344.  D.  Quaglio, 
Villa  Malta,  at  Rome ;  166.  W.  Lichtenheld,  Castle-yard  with  trea- 
sure-diggers by  moonlight;  25.  J.  Jacobs,  Harbour  of  Constantinople; 
402.  L.  van  Kuyck,  Stable  ;  rear-wall,  412.  J.  Kirner,  Fortune-teller; 
415.  Aixrasowsky,  Near  St.  Petersburg;  172.  Gerhardt,  Interior  of 
St.  Mark's  at  Venice ;  414.  W.  Schon,  Girl  listening. 

6.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  *420.  L.  Robert,  Woman  of  Procida ;  421. 
Baedeker's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit,  12 


178    Route  28.  MUNICH.  New  Pinakothek. 

N.  de  Keyser,  Monk  at  an  alms-box :  '200.  Fischbach,  The  Tennen- 
?ebirge;  424.  J.  H.  van  de  Laar,  Genre-scene;  14,  B.  Stange,  The 
tower-window ;  opposite,  386.  W.  Lindenschmit  the  Elder,  Death  of 
Duke  Luitpold  at  the  battle  of  Pressbnrg  (sketch);  429.  H.  Biirkel, 
Winter  -  scene  ;  406.  Enftufter,  Grandfather  and  grandson;  433.  Le- 
poittevin,  Adrian  Brouwer  painting  a  sign  in  a  tavern;  Hasenclever, 
*438.  Jobs  undergoing  examination,  439.  Sulking  couple  ;  rear-wall, 
419.  A.  Loffler,  Twenty-two  sketches  from  the  East. 

7 .  Cabinet.  To  the  right.  111.  Bamberg,  The  morning-prayer ; 
443,  L.  Faustner,  Frauenkirche  at  Munich;  251.  Bayer,  Convent- 
hall;  448.  Frey,  Memnon  columns  at  Thebes:  opposite,  430.  H. 
Biirkel,  Aqueduct  in  the  Roman  Campagna;  413.  Kirner,  Baden  free- 
lances in  1849;  rear-wall,  345-348.  D.  Quaglio,  Views  of  Munich ; 
460.  Foltz,  The  singer's  curse. 

8.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  462.  Scholz,  Officer's  widow  in  church  ; 
464.  Spitzweg,  The  poor  poet;  213.  Riedel,  Karl  Rottmann;  434. 
Camphausen,  Scene  from  Cromwell's  time  ;  467.  R.Eberle,  Shepherd; 
opposite,  *431.  H.  Biirkel,  Rain  in  a  mountain-village;  248.  M. 
Ainmuller,  Rheims  Cathedral;  86.  87.  J.  Schraudolph,  Angels;  56. 
H.  von  Hess^  Portrait;  359.  M.  Neher,  St.  Martin's  at  Brunswick; 
432.  BUrkel,  Roman  Campagna;  rear-wall,  349-352.  Quaglio,  Views 
of  Munich;  219,  Vermeersch,  Canal  Grande  at  Venice. 

9.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  232.  And.  Achenba^h,  On  the  North  Sea; 
481.  Bamberger,  Gorge  at  Cuenca  in  Spain;  505.  A.  Fink,  Winter 
morning  among  the  mountains ;  Spitziceg.  465.  In  the  attic,  466. 
Hermits;  252.  Bayer.,  Convent-yard;  233.  A.  Achenbach,  Sea-piece; 
49.  B.  Adam,  Stable ;  482.  Bamberger,  San  Geronimo  in  Castile ; 
485.  Hendrik  Schmidt,  Dutch  school-room ;  486.  Bosboom,  Interior 
of  a  cbuTch  at  Amsterdam;  35.  A.  Zimmermann,  Mountain-torrent. 

10.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  224a.  E.  J.  Schindler,  Saw-mill  in 
Upper  Austria;  510.  Bisehof,  The  first  snow ;  600.  W.  Triibner.  Herren- 
insel,  in  the  Chiemsee ;  512.'^.  Hoff,  At  the  palace  of  Wiirzburg  ; 
MS.  Willroider,  Near  Fiirstenfeld-Bruck ;  55Sa.  Rob.  Schleich, 
Hay-harvest  in  Upper  Bavaria ;  H.  Rhomberg,  436.  The  first  cigars, 
437.  Sledge-carver;  Neher.  365.  Prague  Cathedral,  367.  Lichten- 
thal,  near  Baden-Baden;  649.  E.  Meissonier,  The  bravoes. 

11.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  574.  Weishaupt,  CMle;  2Q^  J.  Jacobs, 
Sunrise  in  the  Archipelago;  *583.  Rob.  Havg,  Parting;  585.  Froh- 
licher,  Landscape;  opposite,  *534.  A.  Holmberg,  Scholar;  *564,  Ed. 
Dantan  (of  St.  Cloud),  Potter's  work-room;  150.  G.  Schonleber, 
Dutch  village. 

12.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  540.  GeUer,  Reynard's  end;  497. 
Gabriel  Max,  Ape-critics;  571.  J.  R.  Reid,  Unwelcome  news;  608. 
Jose  Villegas,  Doge  Foscari  after  his  deposition  fwater-colour)  ;  566. 
J.  H.  de  Haas,  Cattle  at  pasture  ;  opposite,  536.  Griltzner,  The  devil 
and  the  Silesian  roysterer;  538.  Fr.  Amerling,  Study  of  a  head; 
637.  Favretto,  Venetian  art-dealer;  *569.  W.[Leibl,  Peasant  interior; 


New  PinaJeothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.     1 79 

543.  A.  Seitz,  Vagabonds;  rear-wall,  SS.  J.  Schraudolph,  Madonna; 
592.  Hans  Thorna,  Scene  in  the  Taunus. 

13.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  494,  495.  Olga  Wiesinger-Florian. 
Flower-pieces ;  *496.  Gab.  Max^  Catharine  Emmerich  in  a  state  of 
ecstasy;  opposite,  542.  A.  D.  Bouveret  (Paris),  Madonna;  610.  O. 
Sinding^  Boys  bathing ;  516-528.  Ed.  Schleich,  Landscapes. 

14.  Cabinet.  To  the  right,  550.  Al.  Gierymski,  Wittelsbacher- 
Platz  at  Munich  ;  *547.  Benlliure,  Month  of  Mary  at  Valencia;  552. 
Max  Liebermann.  Old  woman  with  goats ;  498.  Bauernfeind,  Ruined 
temple  at  Baalbek;  opposite,  503.  Nono  (Venice),  Garden-scene; 
500.  Mauve,  Cows  pasturing;  *551.  Squindo,  The  royal  family 
brought  back  to  Paris  in  1789;  560.  A.  Neichuys,  Spring. 

The  Antiquarium,  on  the  groundfloor  of  the  New  Pinakothek, 
contains  the  smaller  Greek  and  Roman  and  a  few  Egyptian  antiquities, 
including  some  line  terracottas  and  bronzes  (adm.,  see  p.  142;  good 
catalogue,  60  pf.). 

I.  Room.  Cork  models  of  the  Pantheon  and  the  so-called  temples  of 
Vesta  at  Rome  and  Tivoli.  Ancient  terracottas  of  Italian  and  Greek  origin, 
some  of  them  reproductions  of  celebrated  works  in  bronze  or  marble. 
4th  Cabinet,  *258.  Winged  Victory,  a  Roman  work  after  the  Nike  of  Paio- 
nios  at  Olympia.  Case  to  the  left  of  the  entrance:  *653.  Satyr  carrying  off 
a  girl,  from  Tanagra;  "659.  Greek  funeral  feast 5  662.  Diomede;  667.  Eu- 
ropa  and  the  bull;  671.  Nereid.  Over  the  Case  by  the  E.  wall:  894.  Dancing 
mime  with  a  wreath;  above,  926-929.  Reliefs  of  vintage-scenes  and  w^ine- 
making.  Case  to  the  right  of  the  entrance:  761.  Winged  sphinx;  762.  Nike, 
vfith  traces  of  painting;  770.  Eros;  774.  Flask;  775.  Painted  beaker  iu  the 
form  of  a  barbarian's  head ;  •777.  Perforated  glass  goblet,  from  a  Roman 
sarcophagus  at  Cologne;  790.  Votive  tablet  with  Aphrodite  and  Hermes, 
from  Rosarno  in  Calabria;  791.  Young  Bacchant  with  ivy-wreath;  803. 
Fortnna  and  Cupid ;  806.  Sphinx;  806.  Victory,  gilded  terracotta  from  Attica. 
Case  by  the  W.  wall:  "846.  Draped  female  figures  from  an  Attic  grave  with 
well-preserved  painting;  848.  Triton  and  Eros;  849.  Head  of  the  so-called 
'Dying  Alexander' ;  908.  Leda.  By  the  Windotc-Wall:  923.  Marble  frag- 
ment with  three  old  men;  923.  Arimaspe  and  a  griffin.  —  II.  Room. 
Models  in  cork  of  the  Arch  of  Constantine,  the  Temple  of  Neptune  at 
Paestum,  etc.  The  Wall-Cases  contain  small  antiquities  of  the  most  diverse 
nature.  —  III.  Rooii.  Cork  and  plaster  models  (Colosseum,  House  of  Sal- 
lust  at  Pompeii,  etc.).  The  Round  Case  in  the  centre  contains  gold  and  silver 
ornaments  and  works  in  ivory  (shelves  1,  2,  &  6,  Trinkets  from  Etruria; 
shelf  3,  *Gold  wreath  from  a  Greek  tomb  at  Armento,  S.Italy;  shelf  4,  Gold 
ornaments  from  Greece  and  Cyprus;  shelf  8,  Egyptian  gold  ornaments  from 
the  great  Pyramid  of  Meroe).  In  the  Wall-Cases  are  Roman  lamps,  bronze 
ornaments  and  utensils,  etc.  —  IV.  Room.  5th  Wall- Case,  Ancient  weapons 
and  armour,  including  a  handsome  suit  of  bronze  armour  from  the  tomb 
of  a  Greek  warrior  in  S.  Italy.  Among  the  small  bronze  figures  in  the 
Cate  to  the  left  of  the  entrance  are:  349,  3^.  Mercury;  352.  Jupiter  Pluvius; 
357.  Youthful  Mars;  *361.  Venus  loosening  her  sandal;  "363.  Discobolus, 
after  Myron;  369.  Pallas  Athena;  372.  Hercules,  probably  after  Lysippus; 
373.  Zeus.  Case  to  the  right  of  the  entrance:  647.  Silver  goblet  with 
representations  of  the  destriiction  of  Troy,  by  a  Greek  master;  652.  One- 
handled  silver  pitcher  with  reliefs  of  Lapithse  and  Centaurs ;  666.  Marble  disk 
with  representations  of  Hercules;  671.  Early-Greek  standing  mirror  from 
Hermione.  in  Argolis  (5th  cent.  B.C.).  The  early-Etruscan  bronze  reliefs  by 
the  J?.  Wall  belong  to  the  same  series  as  Nos.  32-38  in  theGlyptothek.  By  the 
middle  window  of  the  iV.  Wall :  920.  Cist  from  Praeneste.  —  Egyptian  Room  (to 
the  left  of  Room  I).   Egyptian  collection:  sarcophagi,  mummies,  cippi,  etc. 

At  No.  78  Theresien-Strasse,  behind  the  New  Pinakothek,   is 

12* 


180     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Olyptothek. 

a  *Panorama  representing  the  Erap.  Constantine  entering  Rome  in 
312,  by  Buhlmann  and  Wagner  (adm.,  see  p.  143). 

In  the  Schelling-Strasse  (Nos.  83-93),  near  the  New  Pinakothek, 
are  the  so-called  Fiirstenhduser^  a  row  of  private  residences  elab- 
orately adorned  with  frescoes  by  Ferd.  Wagner ;  in  the  court  of  No. 
87  is  the  kiosqiie  from  the  old  winter-garden  of  Lewis  11.  A  little 
to  the  N.,  in  the  Arcis-Str.,  lies  the  new  Northern  Cemetery  (PI.  D, 
1;  p.  193).  Opposite  the  W.  side  of  the  Old  Pinakothek  rises  the 
Polytechnic  School  (PI.  D,  2) ,  a  handsome  brick  edifice  in  the 
Italian  Renaissance  style,  with  ornamentation  in  granite  and  sand- 
stone, by  Neureuther  (d.  1887).  The  cornice  is  adorned  with  seventy- 
two  medallion-portraits  of  celebrated  architects,  mathematicians,  and 
naturalists.  *Staircase  worthy  of  inspection.  The  valuable  technical 
collections  are  shown  during  the  vacations  only,  and  occasionally  on 
Sundays  (apply  to  the  custodian,  groundfloor).  —  In  the  neigh- 
bouring Luisen-Strasse  is  the  Art- Industrial  School. 

The  *Glyptothek  (PI.  C,  D,  2,  3;  adm.,  see  p.  142),  or  'Repo- 
sitory of  Sculptures',  in  the  Konigs-Platz,  contains  ancient  sculp- 
tures collected  chiefly  by  Lewis  I.  when  crown-prince,  in  1805-16. 
The  building,  erected  by  Klenze  in  1816-30,  is  externally  in  the 
Ionic  style,  with  a  porch  of  eight  columns;  the  interior  is  vaulted, 
and  tends  to  the  Roman  style.  The  group  in  the  tympanum, 
designed  by  Wagner,  and  executed  by  Schwanthaler  and  others  in 
marble  ,  represents  Minerva  as  protectress  of  the  plastic  art.  The 
thirteen  halls  are  lighted  from  the  quadrangle  in  the  centre.  The 
niches  in  front  and  on  the  sides  contain  marble  statues  of  famous 
sculptors.    Excellent  catalogue  by  Prof.  Dr.  Brunn  (d.  1894),  2  ^U. 

I.  Assyrian  Hall.  At  the  entrance,  two  colossal  lions  with  human 
heads,  casts  of  the  originals  from  the  palace  of  Sardanapalus  III.  at 
Kalah  (Larissa ;  884  -  859  B.C.) ,  now  in  the  Louvre.  In  the  haU, 
seven  reliefs  in  alabaster,  originally  coloured,  with  winged  genii,  etc., 
and  cuneiform  inscriptions. 

II.  Egyptian  Hall.  5,  6.  Statues  of  priests  in  black  marble,  of 
the  time  of  Hadrian;  7,  8.  Recumbent  sphinxes,  in  basalt,  of  Ro- 
man workmanship;  *13.  Statue  of  Ra,  the  god  of  the  sun,  with  the 
head  of  a  hawk,  in  black  granite,  early  Egyptian;  14.  Portrait- statue 
of  a  man  (not  Egyptian);  15.  Antinous  as  Osiris,  in  rosso  antico,  of 
Hadrian's  time;  16.  and  24,  Groups  of  husband  and  wife  in  a  sitting 
posture,  in  sandstone,  the  former  with  traces  of  painting;  17.  Isis, 
and  23.  Horus,  of  a  late  period;  25.  Quadruple  head  of  Brahma; 
29.  Head  of  Buddha  (specimens  of  Indian  art  from  Java);  *30.  Sitting 
status  of  a  high  priest,  in  limestone,  early  Egyptian,  the  most  valu- 
able object  in  this  part  of  the  collection;  31.  (in  the  centre)  Obelisk 
in  syenite,  of  Koman  origin. 

III.  Hall  of  the  Incunabula  (Greek  and  Etruscan  art,  'in  cuna- 
bulis',  i.e.  'in  its  cradle',  and  copies).  *41.  So-called  Apollo  of 
Tenea,  probably  a  portrait-figure,  archaic  (middle  of  the  6th  cent. 


Olyptothek. 


MUNICH. 


28.  Route.      181 


North. 


B.C. ;  found  at  the  foot  of  the  Acro-Corinth) ;  43.  Roman  lady  as  For- 
tuna,  in  imitation  of  the  archaic  style,  of  Hadrian's  time;  45.  Spes, 
Roman,  a  similar  work ;  44.  Triangular  base  of  a  candelabrum  from 
Perugia,  a  very  ancient  Etruscan  work,  embossed  and  riveted;  47, 
48.  Etruscan  cinerary  urns;  *49.  Head  of  a  youth,  a  copy  in  marble 
of  a  bronze  original  (?) ;  50.  Bearded  Bacchus,  archaistic ;  32-38.Early- 
Etruscan  reliefs  in  bronze  found  at  Perugia,  some  of  them  probably 
from  a  chariot. 

IV.  **^ginetan  Hall.  Sculptures  in  marble  from  a  Temple  of 
Minerva  in  the  island  of  ^gina,  found  in  1811,  purchased  by  Crown- 
Prince  Lewis  in  1812,  and  restored  with  the  aid  of  Thorwaldsen. 
They  are  of  great  im- 
portance in  the  history 
of  art.  They  consist  of 
two  pediment  groups 
from  the  temple  erect- 
ed by  the  ^Eginetans 
after  the  Persian  wars, 
and  commemorate  the 
exploits  of  their  he- 
roes, (1)  Telamon  and 
(2)  Ajax  and  Teucer, 
his  sons,  in  the  war 
against  the  Trojans. 
The  first  group  (E.ped- 
iraent)  consists  now 
of  five  figures  only ;  the 
other  (W.  pediment) 
has  ten.  The  figures 
are  somewhat  thickset, 
with  mask-like  heads  J— ....— 

and  open  mouths.    A 

small  model  of  the  temple  on  the  wall  above  affords  a  convenient 
survey  of  the  left  group.  Group  on  the  right:  Telamon  and  Hercules 
fighting  over  the  body  of  Oicles  against  Laomedon,  the  perjured  king 
of  Troy.  54.  Hercules,  55.  Dying  Trojan,  56.  Champion  of  the  Tro- 
jans, 57.  Fallen  warrior,  58.  Youth  stooping  forwards.  Group  on  the 
left:  Greeks  fighting  against  the  Trojans  around  the  body  of  Achilles. 
59.  Minerva,  60.  Achilles,  61.  Ajax  Telamonius,  62.  Teucer,  63. 
Greek  combatant  (son  of  Ajax  Oileus?),  64.  Wounded  Greek,  65. 
^neas,  66.  Paris,  67.  Trojan  kneeling,  68.  Wounded  Trojan.  By 
the  walls  are  smaller  fragments. 

V.  Hall  of  Apollo.  79.  Ceres;  80.  Bearded  Bacchus;  81.  Jupiter 
Ammon ;  82.  Rhodian  vase ;  83.  Head  of  an  athlete,  a  Roman  copy 
of  Lysippus;  85a.  Relief  of  a  family  sacrificing  to  -^Csculapius  and 
Hygieia,  from  Corinth ;  87.  Draped  female  statue  (Roman  portrait- 
figure;  head  ancient,  but  not  belonging  to  this  statue);  88.  Attic 


VII. 
Hall  of 
Niobe. 

VIII.    1   Small  1     IX. 
Hall  of      Ves-       Trojan 
Gods,  j  tibule.  1    Hall. 

X. 

Hall  of 
Heroes. 

VI. 

Hall  of 
Bacchus 

V. 

Hall  of 
Apollo. 

IV. 

iEginet. 
Hall. 

COURT. 

XI. 

Roman 
Hall. 

1  I.  Assyr. 
1    Hall. 

III. 
Hall  of 
Incunab. 

II.      •     Ves- 
Egyptian.  tibule. 
1    Hall     1 

XIII. 
Modern 
-Works. 

XII. 
Colored 
Sculp- 
tures. 

182     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Glyptothek. 

finerary  urn,  with  relief;  *89.  Girl's  head  (Muse?),  an  admirable 
original  of  the  Attic  School  (ca.  400  B.C.);  90.  Colossal  statue  of 
Apollo  Citharoedus;  91.  Head  of  Mars ;  *92.  Pallas,  Roman  copy  of 
a  bronze  original;  93.  Statue  of  Diana,  Roman. 

VI.  Hall  of  Bacchus.  In  the  centre :  **95.  Sleeping  satyr,  the 
'Barberini  Faun',  a  Greek  original  (ca.  300  B.  C. ;  partly  restored) ; 
*96.Eirene  and  Plutus,  a  copy  of  the  bronze  original  by  Cephisodotus 
the  Elder,  father  of  Praxiteles  (beginning  of  the  4th  cent.  B.C.); 
97.  Apollo;  98.  Silenus,  copy  from  a  Greek  original  in  bronze;  *99. 
Head  of  a  laughing  satyr,  after  a  bronze  original;  100.  Bacchanalian 
sarcophagus;  upon  it,  101.  Sitting  satyr,  Roman  copy  of  a  Greek 
work  in  marble;  *102.  Young  Pan  Avith  horns,  known  as  'Winckel- 
mann's  Faun';  103.  Bacchus  anointing  himself;  *105,  106.  Satyrs, 
probably  after  Praxiteles;  108.  Bacchus,  late-Roman;  109.  Satyr 
with  a  wine-skin,  Roman  copy  of  a  Hellenistic  bronze ;  112.  Ariadne; 
*113.  Diana,  restored  by  Thorwaldsen  as  Ceres;  *114.  Silenus  with 
the  young  Bacchus,  freely  restored.  By  the  wall  to  the  left,  115. 
Nuptials  of  Neptune  and  Amphitrite,  a  Greek  relief  from  the  work- 
shop of  Scopas  (4th  cent.  B.  C). 

YII.  Hall  of  the  Children  of  Niobe.  123.  Hermes,  resembling  the 
Hermes  of  Praxiteles;  124,  129.  Busts  of  Roma  and  Minerva  with 
bronze  helmet  (modern);  125.  Female  figure  in  relief  (Roman); 
127.  Rustic  scene,  a  Hellenistic  relief;  *128.  Head  of  Medusa  ('Me- 
dusa Rondanini'),  alto-relief;  130.  Venus;  *131.  Venus  of  Cnidos, 
after  Praxiteles;  136.  Decoration  of  a  herma,  relief;  135.  Head  of 
Paris;  138.  Draped  figure,  restored  by  Thorwaldsen  as  Clio.  In  the 
centre,  140.  Boy  struggling  with  a  goose,  a  Roman  copy  of  the  bronze 
original  of  Boethus;  141.  Dying  child  of  Niobe;  *142.  Torso  of  a 
youth,  an  admirable  Greek  original  of  the  4th  cent.  B.C.,  formerly 
mistaken  for  Ilioneus  (son  of  Niobe). 

VIII.  Hall  of  the  Gods.  This  and  the  next  two  rooms  are  adorned 
with  beautiful  *Frescoes  by  Cornelius,  executed  in  1820-30.  The 
principal  scenes  are:  1.  The  infernal  regions,  Orpheus  entreating 
Pluto  and  Proserpine  to  restore  him  his  wife  Eurydice ;  2.  Marriage 
of  Neptune  and  Amphitrite ;  Arion;  Thetis;  3.  Olympus;  Jupiter 
and  Juno;  Hercules  receives  the  cup  of  nectar  from  Hebe ;  Gany- 
mede and  the  eagle.  On  the  vaults  are  the  four  Elements,  the  Seasons, 
and  the  Quarters  of  the  Day.  Over  the  doors  reliefs  by  Schwan- 
thaler,  —  Small  Vestibule.  Minerva  imparts  a  soul  to  the  man  formed 
by  Prometheus;  Prometheus  released  by  Hercules;  Pandora  opens 
her  casket.  In  the  niches  are  Roman  busts  ;  to  the  left,  *147.  Marcus 
Aurelius,  in  peperino. 

IX.  Hall  of  the  Trojans.  Frescoes :  1.  Quarrel  of  Achilles  and 
Agamemnon  over  the  abduction  of  Brise'is ;  2.  Contest  for  the  body 
of  Patroclus ;  3.  Destruction  of  Troy,  with  Priam,  Hecuba,  Cassandra, 
iEneas,  and  Anchises.  The  nine  smaller  paintings  on  the  ceiling 
represent  episodes  before  and  during  the  Trojan  war. 


Olyptothek.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.    183 

;  X.  Hall  of  the  Heroes.  On  the  left :  152.  ^Esculapius  ;  153.  Alex- 
ander the  Great  (much  restored,  arm  wrongly)';  155.  Hippocrates  (?); 
•156.  Hunter;  157.  Pericles;  158.  Domitian;  159.  Themistocles  (?); 
160.  Statue  of  a  Greek  king,  after  an  early-Attic  original;  162.  Dio- 
medes  carrying  off  the  Palladium,  after  a  Greek  original  in  bronze 
(the  Victory  not  part  of  the  original);  163.  Philosopher  (^Zeno?); 
*165.  Athlete,  probably  a  copy  of  an  early-Attic  original  in  the  style 
of  Myron;  166.  Socrates;  149.  Demosthenes;  *151.  (in  the  centre), 
Mercury,  after  a  bronze  original  of  the  school  of  Lysippus  (head  not 
belonging  to  the  statue). 

XI.  Hull  of  the  Romans  (in  three  sections),  with  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  busts,  chiefly  of  the  Roman  Empire.  Section  1:  to  the 
left,  *172.  Unknown;  236.  Tiberius;  VIIIB.  Messalina;  *219,  183. 
Augustus;  *216.  Cicero  (?);  181,  202.  Nero;  261.  Corbulo  (?);  211. 
Maicenas  (?) ;  187.  Unknown;  to  the  right,  272.  Seneca  (?);  271. 
Otho;  238.  VitelUus  (?  modern).  —  Sec.  2:  to  the  left,  211.  Julia, 
daughter  of  Titus;  186.  Vespasian;  *268,  196.  Trajan ;  *198.  Anto-  , 
uinus  Pius ;  199.  Titus ;  217.  Hadrian  (?) ;  180.  Lucius  Verus ;  242.  / 
Marciana,  sister  of  Trajan;  276.  Plotina,  wife  of  Trajan;  193.  Mar-  / 
cus  Aurelius;  to  the  right,  237.  Sabina  (?),  wife  of  Hadrian;  195.  ' 
^lius  Csesar  (?) ;  256.  Autinous.  —  Sec.  3:  to  the  left,  245.  Per- 
tinax;  220.  Plautilla,  wife  of  Caracalla;  194.  Tranquillina,  wife  of 
Gordianus  Pius ;  240.  Otacilia  Severa,  wife  of  Philippus  Arabs;  200. 
Septimius  Severus;  255.  Commodus;  EHB.  Junius  Brutus  (?);  to 
the  right,  201.  Geta  (?);  182.  Unknown;  231.  Lucius  Verus.  —  By 
the  doors :  167-170.  Four  Caryatides,  Roman.  By  the  left  wall : 
175.  Statue  of  Agrippina  the  Elder,  wife  of  Germanicus;  188.  Sar- 
cophagus with  the  Muses,  Athena,  and  Apollo;  192.  Statue  of  Sep- 
timius Severus ;  205.  Sarcophagus  with  the  children  of  Niobe ;  206. 
Reliefs  from  a  frieze,  Victories  sacrificing;  209.  Augustus,  226. 
Livia  Drusilla,  wife  of  Augustus,  statues.  Wall  to  the  right:  280. 
Statue  of  Lucilla  (?),  wife  of  Lucius  Verus ;  264.  Statue  of  a  member 
of  the  Claudian  family  ;  246,  262,  277.  Pulvinaria  (seats  of  the  gods), 
with  appropriate  attributes;  233.  Statuette  of  Matidia,  niece  of 
Trajan,  as  Ceres.  In  the  centre:  285.  Boy  with  a  goose,  on  a  stand; 
286,  287.  Candelabra;  288.  Ornamental  vase,  with  head  of  Medusa; 
no  number,  Intoxicated  Roman  woman. 

XII.  Hall  of  the  Coloured  Sculptures.  In  the  centre,  293.  An- 
tique mosaic;  upon  it,  294.  Tripod,  bearing  (295.)  a  modern  (?) 
statuette  of  Silenus  in  bronze.  (1.)  298.  Ceres  (?),  in  black  and 
white  marble,  freely  restored ;  *299.  Head  of  a  satyr,  in  bronze  ; 
300.  River-god,  in  black  marble ;  302.  Head  of  an  athlete,  a  flue 
bronze ;  304.  Girl  loosening  her  robe,  statuette  in  black  and  white 
marble,  a  good  Roman  work;  306.  Alexander  the  Great  (?),  bronze; 
309.  Young  ^atyr,  in  marble;  313.  Claudius  (?),  bust;  314.  Draped 
female  statue,  in  bronze,  a  good  Roman  portrait-figure. 

XIII.  Hall  of  Modern  Masters.     To  the  left,    *318.  Paris,  by 


184     Route  '28.  MUNICH.  Schack  Gallery. 

Canova;  319.  Sandal-binder,  R.  Schadow;  320.  Napoleon,  bust  by 
Spalla  (i80Sy,  321.  Lewis  I.  when  crown-prince  (1821),  bust  by 
Thorwaldsen;  322.  Paris,  Canova,-  323.  Cupid  and  Muse,  Eherhard ; 
324.  The  Russian  Marshal  Miinnich,  Eherhard;  325.  Infant  Christ 
kneeling,  Algardi;  *326.  Admiral  Tromp,  bust  by  Ranch;  327.  Bar- 
barossa,  bust  by  Tieck;  328.  Bust  of  a  young  man  (not  Raphael),  a 
good  Florentine  (?)  terracotta  of  the  close  of  the  loth  cent. ;  329. 
Iffland,  bust  by  0.  Schadow;  *336.  Statue  of  Adonis,  Thorwaldsen ; 

330.  Elector  Palatine  Frederick  the  Victorious,  bust  by  Dannecker ; 

331.  General  von  Hey  deck,  bust  by  Wolf;  332.  Count  Stolberg,  bust 
by  Freund;  333.  Yittoria  Caldoni,  'the  beauty  of  Albano',  bust  by 
R.  Schadow;  334.  Catharine  II.  of  Russia,  bust  by  Busch;  no  num- 
ber, Abel,  bronze  figure  by  Carles;  335.  Vesta,  marble  statue  by 
Tenerani.  In  the  centre :  Ludovica,  Duchess  of  Bavaria,  monumental 
figure  by  Rumann;  Motherhood,  marble  group  by  Flossmann. 

The  Exhibition  Building  (PI.  C,  3),  opposite  the  Glyptothek,  in 
the  Corinthian  style,  was  completed  by  Ziebland  in  1845.  In  the 
tympanum  is  Bavaria,  besto-sving  wreaths  on  artists,  by  Schwanthaler. 
It  contains  a  permanent  exhibition  of  works  by  Munich  artists 
(p.  142),  most  of  which  are  for  sale. 

The  handsome  Konigs-Platz  is  appropriately  terminated  by  the 
*Propyl9ea  (PI.  C,  3),  a  magnificent  gateway ,  with  Doric  columns 
outside,  and  Ionic  inside,  designed  by  Klenze ,  and  completed  in 
1862.  The  reliefs  by  Schefzky  (after  Hiltensperger')  represent  scenes 
from  the  Greek  War  of  Independence  and  the  regime  of  King  Otho. 
On  the  inner  walls  are  inscribed  the  names  of  the  heroes  of  the  war 
and  of  famous  philhellenists.  —  On  the  day  after  its  inauguration 
(30th  Oct.,  1862)  the  ex-monarch  of  Greece  (d.  1867)  returned  to 
his  native  city.  —  From  the  Propylaea  to  the  Basilica  and  to  the 
Crystal  Palace,  see  p.  187. 

The  *  Schack  Picture  Gallery,  Aeussere  Brienner-Str.  19  (PI. 
C,  3;  adm.,  see  p.  143;  catalogue  50  pf.,  bound  1  J^),  bequeathed 
by  Count  Adolf  von  Schack  (d.  1894),  the  poet,  to  the  German 
Emperor,  consists  of  choice  modern  works  of  German  masters,  sueh 
as  Genelli,  Schwind,  Feuerbach,  and  Bocklin,  and  of  copies  (often 
admirable)  of  the  great  Italian  and  Spanish  masters  by  Lenbach  and 
others.    It  forms  a  valuable  complement  to  the  New  Pinakothek. 

Ground  Floor.  Opposite  the  entrance:  Seeboeck,  Bust  of  Count 
Schack.  —  Room  I.  To  the  left:  Bocklin^  12.  Ideal  landscape;  25. 
Autumn-landscape,  with  Death  on  horseback;  26.  Italian  villa  in 
spring;  *17.  The  shepherd's  complaint;  *18.  Murderer  pursued 
by  the  Furies;  23.  Sacred  grove;  14.  Pan  frightening  a  shepherd; 
*15,  16.  Villa  on  the  sea;  21.  Ideal  landscape  in  spring.  *71.  Len- 
hach^  Shepherd-boy;  60.  L.  von  Hagn.,  Italian  garden-scene ;  *1.  Bam- 
berger, Gibraltar :  95.  Neubert^  Olevano,  in  the  Sabine  Mountains ; 
112.  Ross,  Grotto  of  Egeria;  93.  Feuerbach^  Laura  at  mass  at  Avig- 
non, watched  by  Petrarch ;  *3.  Bamberger,  The  bridge  of  St.  Miguel, 


Schack  Oallery.  MUNICH.  2S,  Route.    185 

near  Toledo;  164.  Spitzioeg^  Hypochondriac;  6.  Bamberger,  Scene 
near  Granada;  172.  Steinle,  The  watchman;  122.  Schleich^  Night 
scene  at  Venice  ;  77.  Lenbach,  Portrait  of  a  Franciscan ;  7.  Bamberger, 
Lake  of  Albufera  near  Valencia;  118,  119.  Rottmann,  Roman  scenes; 
'*3i.  Dreber,  Sappho.  —  End-wall:  Preller,  104.  Ulysses  and  Leuco- 
thea,  lu6.  Calypso  bidding  farewell  to  Ulysses;  Morgenstern,  91.  Coast 
of  Capri,  90.  Tasso's  house  at  Sorrento.  Above  the  door:  *78.  Len- 
bach,  Portrait  of  Count  Schack.  —  Right  wall:  42.  Feuerbach,  ld>l 
from  Tivoli;  72.  Lenbach,  Portrait  of  a  lady;  38.  Feuerbach,  Madonna 
and  Child  with  angels;  28.  Boheim,  Two  satyrs  pursuing  a  hare; 
177.  Rottmann,  Greek  coast  -with  rising  storm;  186.  Zimmermann, 
Lake  of  Como;  *40.  Feuerbach,  Hatiz  at  the  fountain;  68.  Kobel, 
Egeria's  grotto,  near  Rome;  121.  Schleich,  The  Lake  of  Starnberg; 
*61.  Henneberg,  The  Wild  Huntsman;  87.  Millner,  The  Obersee,  near 
Berchtesgaden;  35.  Feuerbach,  Francesca  da  Rimini  and  Paolo,  37. 
Children  bathing,  *34.  Pietk,  33.  Roman  woman,  32.  The  garden  of 
Ariosto,  36.  Nymph  listening  to  children  performing  music;  Bocklin, 
19.  The  dragon's  cave,  24.  Old  Roman  tavern  in  spring,  *22.  Ideal 
landscape  with  the  journey  to  Emmaus,  27.  Nereid  and  Triton,  13. 
The  anchorite,  20.  Shepherdess  with  her  flock ;  41.  Feuerbach,  Mother 
and  children  at  a  well.  —  Room  II.  Copies  of  Giov.  Bellini,  Titian, 
Palma  Vecchio,  Veronese,  etc.,  by  A.  Wolf. 

First  Floor.  Room  I.  M.  von  Schwind  (to  the  left),  137.  TheErl- 
king;  143.  Forest-chapel;  146.  Morning-prayer;  (to  the  right)  158. 
The  captive's  dream;  135.  Nymphs  watering  a  stag;  *139.  The  wed- 
ding-trip; 151.  Number  Nip.  —  To  the  right,  Room  II.  (right), 
M.  von  Schwind,  147.  Duel  by  night;  160.  Hero  and  Leander ;  *129. 
Count  Gleichen  returning  from  the  Crusades;  153.  Father  Rhine; 
154.  The  Danube.  174.  Steinie,  Lorelei  (first  sketch  of  No.  175,  see 
below);  48.  GenelU,  Ezekiel's  vision.  —  To  the  left,  Room  III.  M.  von 
Schwind,  130-133.  Morning,  Noon,  Evening,  Night;  150.  AVieland 
the  Smith;  161.  Hermit  in  a  rock  grotto.  —  Room  IV.  *Copies  from 
Titian,  Giorgione,  Murillo,  Velazqnez,  Rubens,  etc.,  by  Lenbach; 
to  the  left  of  the  door,  73.  Lenbach,  Portrait  of  himself.  —  Room  V. 
175.  Stdnle,  Lorelei;  123.  Schleich.  Alp  in  the  Zillerthal ;  76.  Len- 
bach, The  Tocador  de  la  Reina  at  the  Alhambra  ;  106.  Rahl,  Portrait 
of  Willers,  thejlandscape-painter ;  173.  Steinie,  Tartini  playing  the 
violin  on  a  tower  of  Padua;  84.  H.  von  Marees,  Watering  horses  ;  109. 
Rahl,  Portrait  of  a  woman;  185.  Zimmermann,  Brocken  Scene  from 
Goethe's  Faust;  64.  Kirchner,  Verona;  GenelU,  *49.  Rape  of  Europa, 
*52.  Lycurgus  fighting  with  Bacchus  and  Bacchantes  ;  179.  Willers, 
Athens;  *103.  K.  von  Piloty,  Columbus  discovering  the  New  World  ; 
107.  Rahl,  Portrait  of  an  old  man;  59.  Hagn,  Garden  of  the  Villa 
Colonna,  at  Rome;  55.  Bamberger,  The  Generalifeh,  near  Granada; 
182.  A.  Wolf,  Lovers  in  a  garden  at  Venice;  115.  Rottmann,  Greek 
landscape;  85.  Marshall,  Tartini's  dream ;  171.  Stange,  Piazza  at 
Venice  in  moonlight.  —  End-wall:  *62.  Hess,  Thorwaldsen;  163. 


186    Route  Z8,  :^UNICH.  Bronze  Foundry. 

Spitzweg,  Serenade;  51.  Genelli,  Abraham  receiving  the  news  of 
Isaac's  birth;  88.  B.  Morgenstern,  Heligoland;  187.  R.  Zimmermann, 
Winter-scene  by  night ;  5.  Bamberger,  Evening-glow  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada;  *50.  OenelLi,  Hercules  andOmphale;  2.  Bamberger,  To- 
ledo ;  74.  Lenbach,  View  of  the  Yega,  from  the  Torre  de  las  Infan- 
tas at  Granada;  29.  Catel,  The  theatre  of  Taormina  ;  113.  Rottmann, 
The  Kochelsee;  *81.  W.  Lindenschmit,  The  fisherman  (Goethe); 
53.  Genelli,  Bacchus  and  the  Muses;  176.  Steinle,  Adam  and  Eve; 
75.  Lenbach,  The  Alhambra;  *53a.  Genelli,  Composition  for  the 
curtain  of  a  theatre;  69.  A.  Kraus,  The  Troubadour;  167.  Spitzweg, 
Hermit;  114.  Rottmann,  The  Hintersee,  near  Berchtesgaden ;  54. 
Gerhard,  Lion  Court  at  the  Alhambra  by  moonlight;  166.  Spitzweg, 
Turkish  coffee-house;  116.  Rottmann,T\ie  spring  of  Calirrhoe,  near 
Athens;  128.  Schiveinfurth,  Landscape  from  the  environs  of  Cervetri, 
near  Rome ;  92.  Muhr,  Gipsies ;  66.  L.  von  Klenze,  Interior  of  a  Sara- 
cenic chateau  near  Amalfl;  il'o.  Schnorr  von  KaroUfeld,  The  Erl- 
king;  *168.  Spitzweg,  Herd-girls  on  an  alp;  79.  Lenbach,  Portrait  of 
Count  Schack;  *30.  P.  von  Cornelius,  Flight  into  Egypt  [of  his  early 
Eoman  period ;  the  landscape  in  the  background  is  painted  by  J.  A. 
Koch);  67  J.  A.  Koch,  Lime-kiln  near  Olevano.  — Room  VI  [lighted 
from  above).  Copies  of  Bellini,  Titian,  Michael  Angelo,  Velazquez, 
etc.,  by  Linhart,  Marees,  Schwarzer,  Wolf,  and  others. 

We  now  return  to  Room  IV  and  descend  the  stairs  to  the  right. 
Room  I.  (to  the  left)  94.  Naue,  Return  of  Kallias  and  Arete  from 
the  battle  of  Salamis  (after  Count  Schack's  poem  'The  Pleiades'); 
Neureuther,  97.  The  nun  (from  Uhland),  99.  Madonna,  101.  Dream 
of  Rezia  (from  Wieland"s  Oberon);  46.  Fiihrich,  Introduction  of 
Christianity  into  ancient  Germany;  180.  Wislicenus,  Fancy  borne  by 
the  Dreams;  11,  Bode,  Legend  of  Charlemagne's  birth;  47.  Fiihrich, 
Death  of  St.  John  Nepomuk;  Copies  of  Titian,  P.  Veronese,  Cor- 
reggio,  and  Seb.  del  Piombo,  by  Wolf.  —  Room  II.  (to  the  left),  184. 
A.  Zimmermann,  Golgotha  at  the  time  of  the  Crucifixion;  ilO.Stange, 
Tlie  evening-bell;  162.  Sidorowicz,  Evening-scene;  Neureuther,  *98. 
Reminiscences  of  the  Villa  Mills  at  Rome,  96.  Festival  in  honour  of 
Cornelius,  102.  Reminiscence  of  Villa  Malta  at  Rome;  181.  Wolf, 
Venetian  banquet ;  8.  M.  von  Beckerath,  Burial  of  Alaric,  King  of 
the  Goths,  in  the  river  Busento;  198.  Zwengauer,  The  Kochelsee; 
93. iVauc, The  Swan  Maiden;  169.  Stademann,  Winter-scene.  Copies 
from  Venetian  masters,  by  Wolf  and  others. 

The  Bronze  Foundry  (PI.  B,  1 ;  adm.,  see  p.  142;  tramway-line 
3,  p.  140),  in  the  Erzgiesserei-Str.,  enjoys  a  high  reputation.  Found- 
ed in  1825  by  Stiglmayer  (d.  1844J,  it  was  afterwards  managed  by  his 
nephew  Ferd.  von  Miller,  and  now  belongs  to  the  sons  of  the  latter. 
The  Museum  contains  the  original  models  of  most  of  the  statues  cast 
here,  including  the  head  of  the  Germania  on  the  Niederwald  Mon- 
ument. —  A  few  paces  to  the  N.W.,  in  the  Ferdinand-Miller-Platz 
(PI.  B,  1),  is  the  new  Church  of  St.  Benno,  in  the  Romanesque  style. 


Rdyal  Arienal.  MUNICH.  25.  Route.     187 

Farther  to  the  N.W.,  on  the  road  to  Dachau,  I/2  M.  beyouii  the 
terminus  of  tramway- line  3  in  the  Stiglmayer-Platz,  is  the  Zeug- 
haus  or  Boyal  Arsenal,  with  the  Military  Museum,  (arms,  banners, 
uniforms,  etc.  ;  15-19thcent. ;  adm.,  see  p.  142;  catalogue  80  pf.). 

In  front  of  the  building  are  22  cannons  and  4  mortars,  several  of 
them  with  elaborate  ornamentation.  In  the  court  are  French  field-pieces, 
naval  guns,  and  mitrailleuses.  —  Room  I.  Head-pieces,  helmets,  and  other 
objects  from  the  time  of  Charles  Theodore  to  the  present  day.  The  glass- 
cases  contain  early  implements  for  artillery  and  models.  In  the  middle, 
Bavarian,  Franconian,  and  Swabian  banners.  —  Room  II.  Flags,  weapons, 
and  armour  of  the  i6-17th  centuries.  Rich  collection  of  pikes,  halberds, 
pole-axes,  etc.  —  Room  III.  Objects  of  the  end  of  the  17th  and  the  IBth 
century.  Trophies  of  the  Turkish  wars,  including  the  tent  of  Grand-Vizier 
Suleyman,  captured  in  1687  at  Mohacs  by  the  Elector  Max  Emmanuel. 
Bavarian  military  types  of  the  18th  century.  —  Room  IV  (19th  cent.). 
Trophies  of  the  Napoleonic  wars  and  of  1870-71.  Models  of  muskets, 
rifles,  and  cannon,  collection  of  gun-locks  and  pistols ;  orders,  medals, 
presentation  swords,  uniforms  of  Bavarian  rulers  and  generals.  —  Room  V. 
Collection  of  the  modern  weapons  of  different  countries,  either  in  use  or 
projected;  collection  of  munitions  of  war,  bullets,  cartridges,  and  cannon- 
balls.  Portfolios  and  albums  with  over  3C00  portraits  of  distinguished 
military  men,  pictures  of  uniforms,  etc.  —  On  the  staircase  and  throughout 
the  different  rooms  'are  the  original  plaster  models  of  statues  of  Bavarian 
rulers,  executed  in  the  reign  of  King  Maximilian  11. 

Beyond  the  Arsenal  lie  the  Military  Hospital,,  the  Maximilian  Bar- 
racks^ and  the  Artillery  Work-Shops.  —  Other  large  military  struc- 
tures have  recently  been  erected  in  the  Marsfeld  (PI.  A,  2,  3),  to 
the  W.  of  the  Stiglmayer-Platz  (see  above).  Among  these  are  the 
buildings  of  the  Corps  of  Cadets  (facade  735  ft.  long),  in  the  Mars- 
Platz;  the  Military  School,  in  the  Blutenburger-Str. ;  and  the  Military 
Academy,  in  the  Pappenheimer-Str.,  the  last  with  a  collection  of 
weapons  and  models  on  the  first  floor. 


The*Basilicaof  <Sf.  Boniface  (Fl  C,3;  adm.,  see  p.  143),  an  ad- 
mirable imitation  of  an  early- Christian  Italian  basilica  of  the  5th  or 
6th cent.,  designed  by  Ziebland,  was  completed  in  1850.  Nave  75  ft., 
four  aisles  41ft.  in  height.  The  sixty-six  columns  are  monoliths  of 
grey  Tyrolese  marble  with  bases  and  capitals  of  white  marble.  Open 
timber  roof,  richly  gilded. 

On  the  right  of  the  entrance  is  a  sarcophagus  of  gray  marble,  the 
burial-place  of  Lewis  I.  (d.  I868)  and  his  queen  Theresa  (d.  1854).  The 
choir,  the  side-altars,  the  spaces  between  the  windows,  and  the  walls  of  the 
nave  are  decorated  with  fine  frescoes  by  H.  von  Hess  and  his  pupils  Schrau- 
dolph  and  Koch:  scenes  from  the  life  of  St.  Boniface  and  Bavarian  saints. 
Madonna  enthroned,  Stoning  of  St.  Stephen,  etc.  Above  the  columns  in 
the  nave,  between  the  arches,  are  thirty-four  medallion-portraits  of  the 
popes  from  Julius  III.  to  Gregory  XVI.  —  Adjoining  the  choir  of  the  church 
is  a  Benedictine  monastery,  with  a  fresco  of  the  "Holy  Eucharist,  by  n. 
von  Hess,  in  the  refectory. 

The  Botanic  Garden(Pl.  C,  3,  4;  adm.,  see  p.  142),  opposite  the 
Basilica,  contains  a  large  fresh-water  aquarium  (Victoria  Regia,  etc.), 
a  palm-house,  botanical  museum,  etc.  —  In  the  Sophien-Str.  is 
the  Crystal  Palace  (PI.  C,  4;  256  yds.  long;  central  part  76  ft. 
high),  erected  in  1854,  used  for  exhibitions  and  festivities.  (^Annual 
Exhibition  of  Art,  see  p.  142.)  —  A  little  to  the  8.  are  the  Courts 


188     Route  28.  MUNICH.  Marim-Hatz. 

of  Law  and  the  Karls-Platz  (p.  190).  To  tlie  E.,  at  the  corner  of  the 
Arco-Str.  and  the  Barer-Str.,  is  the  bronze  ^Monument  of  F.  X.  Ga- 
helsberger  (d.  1849),  inventor  of  a  well-known  system  of  stenography, 
by  Eberle  (1890).    From  this  point  we  proceed  to  the  E.  to  the  — 

Maximilians-Platz  (pi.  D,  4),  the  pleasure-grounds  of  which 
were  laid  out  by  K.  von  Effner.  In  the  middle  stands  the  *Liebig 
Monument,  by  Wagmiiller  and  Rilmann^  erected  in  1683.  The 
seated  marble  figure  of  the  great  chemist  (1805-73)  rests  upon  a 
pedestal  of  grey  granite  with  laurel-wreaths  and  marble  reliefs. 
Adjacent  are  a  marble  bench  with  a  Bust  of  Effner  (1886)  and  the 
Herma  of  a  Satyr  by  Gasteiger  (1894). 

At  the  S.W.  end  of  the  grounds  rises  the  handsome  *Wittelsbach 
Fountain  by  Hildebrandt  (1895),  with  groups  emblematical  of  the 
destructive  and  fertilizing  powers  of  water  and  masks  symbolizing 
its  different  'temperaments'.  —  To  the  W.,  opposite  the  fountain, 
is  the  Bemheimer  Haus^  a  fine  baroque  edifice  by  Thiersch  (1890). 
To  the  S.,  at  the  comer  of  the  Pfandhaus-Str.,  is  the  Herzog-Max- 
Burg^l  built  about  1580,  now  occupied  by  the  military  authorities 
and  the  commission  for  extinguishing  the  national  debt. 

To  the  E.  of  the  Liebig  Monument  (Pranner-Str.  20)  is  the  Land- 
tagsgehdude  (PI.  E,  4),  or  house  of  the  Diet,  remodelled  in  1885  in 
the  German  Renaissance  style.  —  In  the  Pfandhaus-Str.  (see  above; 
No.  7)  is  the  Kunstgewerbehaus  (PI.  D,  4;  adm.,  see  p.  142), 
built  in  1877  in  the  Renaissance  style,  with  a  facade  by  Knah  and 
Voit  and  a  fine  exhibition-hall.  The  handsome  banquet-hall,  design- 
ed by  B.  Gedon^  is  adorned  with  paintings  by  P.  A.  Kaulbach. 

The  Pfandhaus-Strasse  ends  at  the  Promenade-Platz  (PI.  D,  E,  4), 
in  which  are  five  bronze  statues.  In  the  middle  is  Elector  Max 
Emmanuel  (1679-1726),  conqueror  of  Belgrade,  by  Brugger  (1861). 
To  the  right  are  Westenrieder  (1748-1829),  the  historian,  by  Widn- 
mann  (1854),  and  Qluek  (1714-87),  the  composer,  by  Brugger;  to 
the  left  are  Kreittmayr  (1705-90),  the  statesman,  by  Schwanthaler 
(1845),  and  Orlando  di  Lasso  (1520-94),  the  composer  (properly 
Roland  de  Lattres,  of  the  Netherlands),  byWidnmann.  —  The  Hart- 
mann-Strasse  leads  to  the  S.  from  the  Promenade-Platz  to  the 
Frauenkirche  (p.  190).  The  Maffei-Str.  leads  to  the  E.  to  the  busy 
Theatiner-Str.,  whence  we  may  follow  either  the  Perusa-Str.  to  the 
N.E.  to  the  Max-Joseph-Platz  (p.  145),  or  the  Wein-Str.  to  the  S. 
to  the  Marien-Platz. 

The  Marien-PIatz  (PI.  E,  5),  the  centre  of  old  Munich,  is  adorned 
with  a  Column  of  the  Madonna,  erected  in  1638  by  Elector  Maxi- 
milian I.  from  a  design  by  Peter  Candid,  to  commemorate  the  victory 
on  the  Weisse  Berg  near  Prague.  Enthroned  on  the  column  is  the 
Virgin ,  the  tutelary  saint  of  Bavaria ;  four  genii  at  the  corners 
contend  against  a  viper,  a  basilisk,  a  lion,  and  a  dragon  (plague, 
war,  famine,  and  heresy). 


Rathhaus, 


MUNICH.  28.  Route.    189 


The  Old  Rathhaus  (PI.  E,  b'),  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Platz,  dates 
from  the  14th  cent,  and  was  restored  in  1865.  The  tower,  under 
which  runs  the  road  to  the  Thai  (p.  165),  is  adorned  with  stereo- 
t^hromatic  paintings  by  Seitz.  The  gables  in  front  bear  zinc  statues  of 
Henry  the  Lion  and  Lewis  the  Bavarian.  The  great  hall,  recently  re- 
stored, contains  old  standards  and  ensigns  of. the  Munich  guilds.  — 
On  the  N.  side  of  the  Platz  is  the  *New  Rathhaus  (PI.  85),  a  Gothic 
edifice  by  Hauberrisser  (1867-74).  The  facade  towards  the  Marien- 
Platz  is  156  ft.,  that  towards  the  Diener-Strasse  230  ft.  long.  The 
central  part  of  the  former,  in  sandstone,  57  ft.  wide,  has  a  balcony 
in  three  sections  on  the  second  story,  terminating  in  a  lofty  gable, 
and  embellished  with  statues  of  the  four  Civic  Virtues  by  A.  Hess. 

Below  the  portal,  to  the  left,  are  two  tablets,  with  handsome  bronze 
trophies,  in  memory  of  citizens  who  fell  in  the  war  of  1870-71.  On  the 
second  floor  are  the  Council  Chambers.,  on  the- left  that  of  the  town-council, 
on  the  right  that  of  the  magistrates  (adm.,  see  p.  143).  In  the  former, 
filling  the  whole  wall,  is  a  large  allegorical  painting  of  'Munichia'  by 
K.  von  Piloty,  illustrating  the  history  of  Munich  (explanation  of  the  por- 
traits on  the  table) ;  also  portraits  of  Lewis  II.  by  F.  Piloty  and  Prince 
Regent  Luitpold  by  Kaulbach.  The  '^ Magistrates'  Room  is  adorned  with  a 
mural  painting  by  W.  Lindenschmit  (progress  of  Blunich  under  Lewis  I.) 
and  admirable  stained-glass  windows  by  R.  Seitz  (nine  departments  of  civic 
administration).  Portraits  of  Prince  Regent  Luitpold  by  Holmberg  and 
Lewis  II.  by  Lenbach.  Bust  of  Burgomaster  von  Ehrhardt  (d.  1888),  by 
F.  von  Miller.  Splendid  carved  timber  ceiling;  fine  mantel-piece  and  chan- 
delier. 

To  the  left  of  the  portal  is  the  Hauptwache  or  guard-house.  In  the 
sunk-floor  (entrance  in  the  Diener-Str.)  is  the  Rathskeller  (p.  138). 

In  front  of  the  Rathhaus  rises  the  *Fischhrunnen,  in  bronze, 
by  Knoll  (1865).  The  figures  allude  to  an  old  Munich  custom  called 
the  'Metzgersprung'  (p.  142). 

A  few  yards  to  the  S.E.  of  the  Marien-Platz  is  the  Church  of 
St.  Peter  (PI.  E,  5),  of  1170,  the  oldest  in  Munich,  but  repeatedly 
restored  and  modernized.  To  the  original  building  belongs  the 
Romanesque  tower  (p.  126 ;  fine  view  from  the  gallery).  Altar- 
pieces  by  Sandrart,  Loth,  etc. ;  fine  organ  by  Abt  Vogler. 

The  Thai  leads  from  the  Marien-Platz  to  the  S.E.  to  the  Lud- 
wigs-Briicke  and  the  suburbs  of  Ilaidhausen  and  Au  (pp.  157, 192), 
while  the  Kaufinger-Str.  andNeuhauser-Str.  lead  to  the  N.AV.  to  the 
Karlsthor  and  the  Central  Railway  Station  (tramway-line  5,  p.  140). 
To  the  right  is  the  Frauen- Platz,  with  the  — 

*Frauenkirche  (PL  E,  5),  or  Church  of  Our  Lady,  cathedral  of 
the  Archbishopric  of  Munich  and  Freising,  a  brick  edifice  (320  ft. 
long,  117  ft.  broad;  vaulting  108  ft.  high)  in  the  late-Gothic  style, 
erected  hy  JorgGangkofer  in  1468-88  and  restored  in  1858-68.  The 
two  uncompleted  towers,  318  ft.  high,  were  covered  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  16th  cent,  with  clumsy  helmet-shaped  roofs  (ascent,  see 
p.  142).  On  the  outside  walls  of  the  church  are  many  ancient  tomb- 
stones. 

Interior  (adm.,  see  p.  143;  music,  see  p.  143).  The  nave  and  aisles 
are  of  equal  height,  borne  by  twenty-two  slender^octagonal  pillars ;  rich 


190     Boxde^S.  MUNICH.  Acad,  of  Science. 

groined  vaulting.  The  windows,  each  65  ft.  high,  are  filled  with  fine  stained 
glass,  including  the  remains  (sometimes  wrongly  arranged)  of  the  old  glaz- 
ing of  the  15- 16th  centuries.  The  high-altar-piece  shows  the  Coronation  of 
Mary,  in  carved  wood,  by  Knabl,  and  paintings  on  the  wings  by  Schwind. 
The  archiepiscopal  throne  and  pulpit,  a  modern  continuation  of  the  an- 
cient choir-stalls,  are  by  Knabl.  Most  of  the  modern  side-altars  are  by 
SicMnger,  the  statues  by  L.  Foltz.  Above  the  choir-stalls  are  carved  wooden 
figures  of  the  15th  cent.  (Apostles  and  Prophets).  —  The  large  Turkish 
flag  on  a  pillar  of  the  nave  (1.)  was  captured  by  Elector  Max  Emmanuel  at 
Belgrade  in  1688.  —  At  the  W.  end  of  the  nave,  under  the  organ-loft,  is 
the  <■  Monument  of  Emp.  Lewis  the  Bavarian  (d.  1347),  erected  in  1622  by 
Elector  Maximilian  I.  (designed  by  P.  Candid,  cast  by  ff.  Krumper),  a  cata- 
falque in  dark  marble,  with  figures  and  decorations  in  bronze;  four  knights 
at  the  corners  guard  the  tomb;  at  the  side  are  statues  of  the  Wittelsbach 
princes  Albert  V.  and  William  V. ;  an  admirable  brass  of  the  15th  cent,  is 
inserted  in  the  pedestal,  which  is  open  at  the  sides.  Behind  this  mon- 
Timent,  opposite  a  relief-monument  of  Bishop  Gebsattel  (d.  1846)  by  Schwan- 
thaler,  is  a  spot  from  which  none  of  the  thirty  windows  of  the  church  are 
visible  except  the  great  window  behind  the  altar. 

At  the  corner  of  the  Neuhauser-Str.  and  the  Ett-Str.  rises  the 
Church  of  St.  Mic)ia.el  (^Hofkirche ^  PI.  D,  5;  adm.,  see  p.  143), 
formerly  a  church  of  the  Jesuits,  erected  in  1583-97  in  the  Roman 
baroque  style,  with  grand  barrel-vaulting.  The  front  is  adorned 
with  a  St.  Michael  in  bronze,  by  Hul.  Gerhard.  The  transept  con- 
tains the  *Monument  of  Eugene  Beauharnais  (d.  1824),  Duke  of 
Leuchtenberg,  and  once  vice-king  of  Italy,  by  Thorwaldsen.  In  the 
royal  burial-vault  under  the  choir  reposes  Lewis  IT.  (d.  1886). 
Church-music,  see  p.  141. 

The  old  Jesuits'  College,  adjoining  St.  Michael's,  contains  the 
Academy  of  Science  (PI.  D,  5),  with  its  valuable  collections  (adm., 
see  p.  142). 

£'>-  The  * Palaeontological  Collection,  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Dr.  Zittel, 
is  probably  the  most  complete  in  Europe  (nine  rooms);  the  specimens 
from  the  animal  kingdom  are  arranged  zoologically,  those  of  plants  geo- 
logically. The  Prehistoric  Collection  contains  many  objects  of  the  stone 
period  and  interesting  relics  of  lake-dwellings  from  the  Stamberger-See  and 
Robenhausen.  The  "Collection  of  Minerals  also  deserves  inspection.  The 
Zoological- Zootomical  Collection  includes  animals  both  stuffed  and  preserved 
in  spirits.  The  Collection  of  Physical  and  Optical  Instrtimenfs  is  interesting, 
BBpecially  to  the  scientific  visitor.  Of  ancient  Greek  coins  alone  the  Cabinet 
of  Coins  contains  20,000. 

The  Academy  also  contains  an  Exhibition  of  Bavarian  Exports 
(free). 

The  narrow  Herzog-Max-Strasse,  at  the  end  of  the  Neuhauser- 
Strasse,  leads  to  the  right  to  the  Synagogue  (PL  D,  4;  adm.,  see 
p.  143),  built  in  the  Romanesque  style  by  Alb.  Schmidt,  in  1884-87. 
—  The  Neuhauser-Str.  ends  in  the  KarUthor  (PL  D,  5).  Outside 
the  gate  is  the  Karls-Platz,  on  the  right  side  of  which  is  the  Hotel 
Bellevue  (p.  137),  embellished  with  frescoes  by  C.  Schraudolph. 
Adjacent,  to  the  N.,  at  the  corner  of  the  Prielmaier-Str.  and  the 
Elisen-Str.,  are  the  new  Courts  of  Justice  (PI.  C,  D,  4),  by  Thiersch. 
Nearly  opposite,  at  the  corner  of  the  Maximilians-Platz,  is  a  Statue 
of  Goethe,  by  Widnmann  (1869).  —  Botanic  Garden,  see  p.  187. 

From  the  Karls-Platz   the  broad  Sonnen-Strasse ,   planted  with 


Bavaria.  MUNICH.  2<S.  Route.    191 

trees,  runs  to  the  S.  to  the  Sendlinger-Thor-PIatz.  At  the  beginning 
of  it  is  the  Protestant  Church  of  St.  Matthew  (PI.  C,  51 ,  an  un- 
attractive circular  building  (1827-32),  open  only  on  Sundays  during 
service  (at  8,  10,  and  3).  The  ceiling  is  adorned  with  an  Ascension 
by  Hermann  of  Dresden.  —  To  the  E.,  Herzogspital-Str.  18,  is  the 
University  Ophthalmic  Institute. 

The  Schwanthaler  Museum  (PLC, 5  ;  adm.,  see  p.  143),  Schwan- 
thaler-Str.  90,  contains  models  of  almost  all  the  works  of  the  talented 
and  prolific  scnli^tor:  Ludwig  von  Schwanthaler  {i.  1848),  bequeathed 
by  him  to  the  Academy  of  Art.    Catalogue  30  pf. 

In  the  Sonnen-Strasse  are  the  new  Vo Iks- Theater  (PI.  C,  D,  5 ; 
p.  141  ;  No.  5,  to  the  left),  the  Reisingerianum  (University  Clinical 
Institute ;  No.  17,  to  the  right),  and  the  Frauenklinik  or  Gynaeco- 
logical Institute  (PI.  C,  6;  No.  16). 

In  the  Sendlinger-Thor-Platz  (PI.  C,  6)  are  the  old  Send- 
linger  Thor  (14th  cent.)  and  a  colossal  bust  of  Alois  Senefelder 
(d.  1834),  the  inventor  of  lithography,  by  Zumbusch  (1877).  — 
The  biisy  Sendlinger- Strasse  leads  hence  to  the  N.,  passing  the 
St.  Johanniskirche  (PI.  D,  6  ;  1733-46),  to  the  Marien-Platz  (p.  188), 
while  the  Thalkirchner-Strasse  (electric  tramway,  p.  140)  runs  to  the 
S.  to  the  Southern  Cemetery  (p.  192)  and  to  the  large  municipal 
Slaughter  House  and  Cattle  Market  (PL  B,  C,  8;  adm.,  p.  143), 
erected  by  Zenetti  in  1876-78.  Beyond  these  are  the  South  Raihoay 
Station  (PL  B,  9)  and  the  Isar  Railway  Station  (PL  B,  10,  11 ;  p.  194). 

To  the  S.W.  of  the  Sendlinger-Thor-Platz  are  the  large  General 
Hospital  (1813)  and  the  Institute  of  Clinical  Medicine.  In  the 
grounds  in  front  is  a  marble  bust  of  T.  N.  von  Nv^sbaum,  the 
surgeon  (1829-90).  —  Adjacent,  in  the  Nussbaum-Str.,  are  the  new 
Clinical  Institute  of  Surgery  (PL  C,  6)  and  the  Pathological  and 
Pharmacological  Institutes.  —  To  the  N,  (Schiller-Str.  25)  is  the 
Anatomical  Institute^  with  important  anatomical  and  pathological 
collections  (adm.,  see  p.  142).  In  the  Findling-Str.  (Nos.  12  &  34) 
are  the  Physiological  and  Hygienic  Institutes. 

The  Findling-Str.  ends  at  the  Theresienwiesb  (PL  A,  6,  7), 
the  scene  of  the  October  Festival  (p.  142),  which  has  recently  been 
much  diminished  by  the  construction  of  new  streets.  On  the  N.E, 
side  are  the  new  Church  of  St.  Paul  (PL  A,  B,  5)  and  a  Panorama 
(PL  A,  5;  p.  143). 

The  *Bavaria  and  Hall  of  Fame  (Ruhmeshalle ;  PL  A,  7)  lie  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Theresienwiese,  I1/4  M.  to  the  S.W.  of  the  Karls- 
thor  (tramway-line  2,  p.  140;  adm.,  see  p.  142).  The  colossal  statue 
oi Bavaria,  in  bronze,  designed  by  Schwanthaler,  measures  62  ft.  to 
the  top  of  the  wreath  which  the  figure  holds  aloft.  The  ascent,  by 
an  iron  spiral  staircase  of  sixty  steps,  is  most  comfortably  made 
early  in  the  morning,  before  the  metal  has  been  heated  by  the  sun. 
*View  in  clear  weather  through  apertures  in  the  head  (room  for  5 
persons).  —  The  Hall  of  Fame,  a  Doric  colonnade  with  projecting 


192   Route  28,  MUNICH.  Mariahilfkirche. 

wings,  designed  byKlenze,  and  completed  in  1853,  contains  busts  of 
eighty  Bavarian  notabilities,  among  them  Francis  von  Sickingen, 
Jean  Paul  Richter,  Schwanthaler,  the  philosopher  Schelling,Kleuze, 
Cornelius,  etc.  (custodian's  fee  for  the  statue  and  the  hall,  40  pf.). 
Adjoining  the  Ruhmeshalle  is  a  public  Park. 


Towards  the  E.  from  the  Marien-Platz  (p.  1881  we  pass  through 
an  archway  under  the  tower  of  the  OldRathhaus  (p.  189),  and  enter 
the  broad  street  called  the  Thai.  On  the  right,  at  the  beginning  of  it, 
rises  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Ghost ,  rebuilt  in  1885-87 ,  beyond 
which  lies  the  Provision  Market  (PL  E,  5,  6).  Beyond  the  latter  is 
the  spacious  Corn  Hall  {Schranne ;  PI.  D,  E,  6),  built  in  1853.  In 
the  St-Jakobs-Platz  (PI.  D,  E,  6),  between  the  Corn  Hall  and  the 
Sendlinger-Str.,  is  the  Landwehr  Arsenal,  containing  the  Municipal 
Historical  Museum  and  the  Maillinger  Art -Historical  Collection, 
illustrative  of  the  history  of  Munich  (adm.,  see  p.  143). 

At  the  E.  end  of  the  Thai  is  the  *Isarthor  (PI.  F,  6),  erected  at 
the  beginning  of  the  14th  cent,  and  restored  by  Lewis  I.  in  1835. 
The  pediment  is  adorned  with  a  fresco  by  Neher,  representing  the 
Entry  ofEmp.  Lewis  the  Bavarian  after  the  Battle  of  Ampflng  (1831 ; 
spoiled  in  1881  by  an  attempt  at  restoration).  In  the  Zweibriicken- 
Str.,  beyond  the  gate,  on  the  right,  are  the  Heavy  Cavalry  Barracks, 
on  the  bank  of  the  Isar.  Opposite  is  the  new  Steinsdorf-Strasse  (see 
p.  156).  The  Ludwigs-Briicke  (PL  G-,  6,  7),  farther  on,  affords  a 
good  survey  of  the  Maximilians-Briicke  and  the  Maximilianeum. 
The  bridge  was  remodelled  in  1891-94  and  furnished  with  allegorical 
figures  of  industry  and  trade  (by  Eberle),  fishing  (by  Hahn),  and 
art  (by  Kaufmann). 

In  the  suburb  of  Au  (PL  F,  G,  7,  8)  are  numerous  beer-gardens 
(comp.  p.  138).  The  *MariaMlfkirche  (PI.  F,  8),  or  Auer-Kirche, 
was  erected  in  1830-39  by  Ohlmiiller  and  Ziehland  in  the  earliest 
Gothic  style.  Tower  260  ft.  high.  *Stained  glass  designed  by  Schrau- 
dolph,  Fischer,  and  others.  —  Farther  to  the  S.,  in  the  suburb  of 
Giesing,  is  the  *Giesiiiger  Kirche,  a  Gothic  building  erected  by 
Dollmann  in  1866-84,  with  a  tower  315  ft.  high  and  an  elaborately 
decorated  interior.  A  little  to  the  E.  is  the  new  Eastern  or  Central 
Cemetery. 

From  the  Auer  Kirche  we  return  into  the  town  by  the  Beichen- 
bach  Bridge  (PL  E,  8;  tramway-line  7,  p.  140).  In  the  Gartner- 
Platz  (PL  E,  6,  7),  with  statues  of  Gartner  (d.  1847)  and  Klenze 
(d.  1864),  the  chief  architects  of  modern  Munich  (see  p.  145),  is 
the  Gdrtner-Platz  Theatre  (p.  141).  —  With  a  visit  to  Giesing  may 
be  combined  an  excursion  to  the  Isarauen  (p.  193),  or  we  may  drive 
hence  to  the  Southern  Cemetery  (p.  192;  tramway-line  8,  p.  140). 

The  *Southern  Cemetery  (PL  C,  D,  7,  8)  of  Munich ,  outside 
the  Sendlinger-Thor  (p.  191),  contains  the  finest  and  most  artistic 
tombstones  in  Germany. 


English  Garden.  MUNICH.  28.  Route.    193 

Among  the  illustrious  dead  may  be  mentioned  Fraunhofer^  the  astro- 
nomer (d  1826;  arcade,  W.  side),  Senef elder,  inventor  of  lithography  (d. 
1834;  E.  side,  by  the  wall),  Neumann,  the  historian  (d.  1870;  central 
walk),  and  P.  von  Bess,  the  painter  (d.  1871;  central  walk). 

On  the  S.  side,  from  the  arcades,  we  enter  the  New  Cemetery 
(PI.  C,  8),  inclosed  with  arcades  in  red  brick.  The  first  graves  on 
the  right  and  left  are  those  of  Ludwig  von  Schwanthaler  (d.  1848) 
and  Fr.  von  Gartner  (d.  1847),  the  two  greatest  contributors  to  the 
splendour  of  modern  Munich.  Many  other  eminent  men  are  also 
interred  here.    The  centre  *Crucifix  is  by  Halbig. 

The  Northern  Cemetery,  in  the  Arcis-Strasse  (p.  180;  PI.  D,  1), 
not  far  from  the  New  Pinakothek,  laid  out  by  Zenetti  in  1866-69,  con- 
tains a  monument  erected  by  the  city  to  the  German  soldiers  who 
died  of  their  wounds  at  Munich  in  1870-71,  and  also  a  monument 
to  French  prisoners  buried  here  during  the  same  period.  In  the 
centre  is  another  marble  *Cruciflx  by  Halbig. 


Environs.  The  *Englisli  Garden  (PI.  F,  G,  H,  1,  2,  3),  a  park 
of  600  acres,  originally  laid  out  by  Count  Rumford,  with  fine  old 
trees,  and  watered  by  two  arms  of  the  Isar,  affords  delightful  walks 
in  summer.  At  the  entrance  between  the  Hofgarten  and  the  Prinz- 
Regenten-Str.  (p.  149)  is  a  marble  statue  known  as  the  'Harmlos', 
from  the  first  word  of  the  inscription,  by  Xaver  Schwanthaler  (re- 
newed in  1890).  Farther  on,  by  the  Brunnhaus,  is  an  artificial  cas- 
cade. Then,  on  the  right,  the  Dianabad.  To  the  left,  on  a  height, 
rises  the  Monopteros,  a  small  temple  designed  by  Klenze ;  then  the 
Chinese  Tower  (cafe  ;  music,  see  p.  125)  and  the  little  lake  of  Klein- 
hesselohe  (restaurant),  used  for  boating.  The  Milchhdusl  and  the 
Tivoli,  farther  on,  are  both  cafes.  At  the  N.  end  is  the  Aumeisterj 
a  forester's  house  with  a  restaurant. 

To  the  E.  of  the  park  is  the  Max-Joseph-Brucke,  leading  across 
the  Isar  Canal  and  the  Isar  to  Bogenhausen  (PI.  I,  2;  Inn),  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Isar,  near  which  is  the  Observatory  (adm.,  see 
p.  143).  From  the  Brunnthal,  a  health  institute  with  a  shady  coffee- 
garden,  to  the  right  of  the  bridge,  the  charming  Gasteig-Anlagen 
extend  to  the  Ludwigs-Briicke  (p.  192). 

On  the  left  bank  of  the  Isar,  above  the  Reichenbach  bridge  (PI.  E,  8; 
p.  192),  begin  the  "Isarauen,  through  which  a  road  leads,  crossing  the 
Gherfalle  or  weirs,  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Isar  (fine  view  of  Thalkirchen, 
see  below).  Then,  to  the  right,  we  enter  the  Marienklriiise,  ascend  the  steps, 
and  follow  the  bank  through  fine  wood  to  the  (1^/2  hr.)  Menierschwaige 
and  to   Grosshesselohe. 

Grosshesselohe,  7  M.  from  Munich,  is  reached  by  railway  in  12-20  min. ;  it 
is  also  a  station  of  the  Isarthal  Railway  (see  p.  194).  From  the  Main  Railway 
Station  (p.  137)  we  cross  the  handsome  bridge  over  the  Isar  to  (1  M.)  the 
Menierschwaige  (Restaurant).  The  bridge  affords  a  good  view  of  Munich, 
with  the  deep  and  broad  valley  of  the  Isar  below.  —  Pleasant  walk  to  the 
Grosshesselohe  Restaurant,  ascending  from  the  station  by  a  path  to  the 
left  on  the  left  bank  (10  min.);  thence  through  wood  to  the  ('/<  hr.)  little 
chateau  of  Schwanegg ,  erected  by  Schwanthaler  (private  property,  not 
accessible);  V4  hr.  farther  on  is  Pullach  (p.  194).  We  now  descend  to  (V2  hr.) 
HoUriegelskreut  (Inn),  on  the  Isar,  and  return  by  the  romantic  lower  path 

Baedekbb's  S.  Germany.    8th  Edit.  13 


194    Route  28.  NYMPHENBURG. 

along  the  river  (not  advisable  in  wet  weather),  traversing  fine  beech-woods 
and  ascending  to  the  station  near  the  Grosshesselohe  bridge.  Or  from  H611- 
riegelskreut  we  may  cross  the  river  by  a  wire-rope  ferry  to  the  old  ducal 
hunting-lodge  of  Grunicald  (Inn,  with  view),  and  follow  the  right  bank  to 
(1  hr.)  the  bridge. 

Nymphenburg,  founded  in  1663 ,  and  once  a  favourite  chateau  of 
Mas  Joseph  I.,  3  M.  to  the  W.  of  Munich  (cab,  see  p.  140;  steam-tramway, 
see  p.  140),  has  well-kept  grounds,  two  fountains  1()0  ft.  high,  and  fine  hot- 
houses (numerous  Brazilian  plants).  In  the  central  part  of  the  chateau 
tickets  are  issued  (9-11  and  1-5)  for  the  Nymphenburg  itself  (uninteresting), 
and  for  the  Pagodenburg,  Amalienburg.  and  Badenburg  (50  pf.  •,  park  free). 
In  the  nearer  part  of  the  park  are  the  Magdalen  Chapel^  built  to  imitate  a 
ruin,  and  the  Pagodenburg,  farther  to  the  W.,  on  a  small  pond.  In  the 
farther  part  of  the  park  are  the  Amalienburg,  a  pretty  Renaissance  struc- 
ture by  Cuvillier  (1737),  the  Badenburg  (1718),  on  a  large  pond,  and  a  cir- 
cular Corinthian  temple.  —  At  the  terminus  of  the  tramway  is  the  *  Volks- 
garten,  with  a  restaurant,  a  small  zoological  garden,  concerts,  etc.  Kear 
the  chateau,  on  the  left,  is  the  Restaurant  zum  Controlor.  On  the  N.E. 
side  of  the  chateau  is  a  Porcelain  Manvfactory,  formerly  belonging  to  the 
king,  now  itx  private  hands.  In  the  ('/a  M.)  Deer  Park  (Restaurant)  are 
kept  tame  stags  and  white  deer. 

The  chateau  of  Schleissheim  {Schlostwirth ;  Blauer  Earpfen ;  TraveUer''s 
Home;  Restaurant  zum  Bergl,  i'/a  M.  from  the  Schloss).  a  station  on  the 
Ratisbon  railway  (p.  136,  reached  in  20-30  min.),  erected  by  Elector  Max 
Emmanuel  at  the  end  of  the  17th  cent.,  possesses  a  pleasant  garden,  a 
picture-gallery,  etc.  (in  the  lower  rooms,  early  German  and  Italian  masters, 
open  11-12.30;  in  the  upper.  Dutch,  etc.,  open  3-5). 

FromMcnich  to  Wolfeatshausen,  17M.,  Isarthal  Railway  in  Ihr.  7min. 
(best  views  to  the  left).  The  trains  start  from  the  Isarthal  Station  (PI.  B, 
10,  11;  p.  137),  reached  from  the  Farbergraben  in  1/4  hr.  by  electric  tram- 
way (p.  140:  10  pf.).  —  The  train  passes  Thalkirchen  (Deutsche  Eiche),  with 
a  hydropathic,  and  beyond  >S(- Maria- Einsiedel  ascends  through  wood  to  the 
top  of  the  plateau,  crossing  the  state  -  railway  near  the  Grosshesselohe 
station  (p.  137).  —  41/2  M.  Grosshesselohe  (p.  193)-,  footpath  to  the  state- 
railway-station  and  to  the  Isar  bridge.  8-10  min. ;  past  the  brewery  to  the 
restaurant  in  the  wood,  ^/i  hr.  —  Farther  on  we  traverse  wood  and  pass 
the  chateau  of  Schwanegg  (see  above).  —  51/2  M.  Pullach  (1910  ft. :  *Raben- 
wirt,  with  view-terrace;  Hydropathic,  on  the  Isar),  charmingly  situated 
on  the  high  left  bank  of  the" Isar.  The  church  contains  two  early-Bavarian 
altar-pieces  (1489)  and  a  figure  of  the  Salvator  Mundi  of  the  beginning  of 
the  15th  century.  —  7  M.  Eollriegelskreut-Qrunwald  (1955  ft.;  Restaurant 
zum  Forsthaus, "near  the  rail,  station).  About  1/2  M.  to  the  E.  (left)  is  the 
Hollriegelskreut  Inn^  whence  a  ferry  crosses  to  Grilnicald  (see  above).  — 
91/2  M.  Baierlrunn;  IIV2  M.  Hohenschdf(lai-n  (2150  ft.;  Hafele's  Rail.  Re- 
staurant; Kapuziner),  a  high -lying  village  with  a  fine  view.  —  From 
(12'/2  M.)  Ebenhausen  (Post)  we'  may  descend  to  (V2  M.)  the  convent  of 
Schdftlarn,  with  an  interesling  church  (1733-64)  and  a  frequented  brewery. 
Fine  view  from  the  Eoschenauer  Eiihe  (2130  ft.:  Inn),  V2  M.  to  the  >\W. 
of  the  rail,  station.  From  Ebenhausen  a  marked  path  leads,  via  Irschen- 
hausen,  Merlbach,  and  Aufkirchen.  to  (2hrs.)  Leoni,  on  the  Lake  of  Slam- 
berg  (p.  196),  —  Farther  on  we  enjoy  a  fine  view  of  the  Isar  valley  and 
the  mountains.  Beyond  (14^/2  M.)  Jcking  the  line  descends  through  deep 
cuttings  and  along  the  hillside  (gradient  1:33),  afl'ording  a  good  survey 
of  the  wide  valley  of  the  Isar,  with  its  grey  sandy  and  gravelly  islets,  and 
the  confluence  of  the  Loisach  and  the  Isar.'  We  then  cross  the  Loisach 
and  reach  — 

17  M.  Wolfratshausen  (Restaurant),  the  station  for  which  is  1/2  M. 
from  the  prettily-situated  town  (1890  ft.  :  1750inhab.  ;  Hot. -Pens.  Kronmuhle, 
with  garden:  '-' Haderbrau ;  Humplbrdu;  Botengarten).  Above,  on  the  Cal- 
varienberg,  are  shady  walks  affording  delightful  views.  The  Lake  of  Starn- 
berg  may  be  reached  hence  by  pleasant  routes  via  Munsing  (Inn)  to  (2  hrs.) 
Ammerland  (p.  196),  via  Dorfen,  Hohenhain,  Aufhausen,  and  Aufkirchen  to 
(2  hrs.)  Leoni,   or   direct   from   the  Calvarienberg  to  (IV4  br.)  Rottmanns- 


LAKE  OF  STARNBERG.       29.  Route.    195 

hohe  (p.  196).  A  road  (diligence  in  2  hrs.)  leads  to  the  S.  from  Wolfrats- 
bausen  through  the  valley  of  the  Loisach  to  (5V4  M.)  Eurasburg  and 
(31/4  M.)  Beuerherg ;  another  leads  to  the  S.E.  through  the  Isar  vallev  to 
(9  M.)  KiJnigsdorf  (2053  ft.  5  Post)  and  thence  via  Unterbuchen  to  (10"M.) 
Tdlz  (p.  215j. 

Pasing,  the  first  station  on  the  Starnbcrg,  Lindau,  and  Augsburg  lines 
(see  below  and  pp.  198,  184;  5  M.,  in  about  1/4  hr.),  is  the  starting-point 
for  a  visit  to  the  churches  of  Pipping  and  Blutenburg,  which  possess  con- 
siderable artistic  interest.  The  church  of  Pipping,  1/2  M.  to  the  N.  of 
Pasing,  was  built  in  1478-79.  The  interior  has  remained  unchanged,  and, 
with  its  old  stained  glass,  altars,  choir-stalls,  and  frescoes,  aflbrds  a  charm- 
ing picture  of  a  late-Gothic  country-church  of  the  Loth  century.  —  A  few 
hundred  yards  to  the  K.  of  this  lies  Blutenburg,  now  a  school  of  English 
nuns.  The  church  (fee  50  pf.),  built  in  1490,  contains  a  high-altar  and  two 
side-altars  of  1491,  with  paintings  of  the  Munich  school;  fine  wooden 
figures  of  the  Apostles,  the  Virgin,  and  the  E.isen  Christ,  of  the  same 
period;  and  stained-gla'ts  windows  of  1497. 

Excursion  to  Dachau^  see  p.  133. 

29.  The  Starnberger  See  and  Ammersee. 
The  Hohe  Peissenberg. 

Railway  from  Munich  {Slarnberg  Station,  p.  137)  to  Starnberg  (I71/2  M.) 
in  34-65  min.  -,  to  Peissenberg  (3872  31)  in  2-2V4  hrs.  —  Steamboat  from 
Starnberg  to  Seeshaupt  and  back  (round  the  whole  lake,  2  Jl  80,  1  ..(( 
80  pf.),  10  times  daily  in  summer  (oftener  on  Sundays)  in  3  hrs.  Steamboat- 
tickets  may  be  purchased  at  the  railway-station  in  Munich  as  well  as  on 
board  the  steamers.  A  circular  ticket  entitles  the  holder  to  break  the 
journey  twice,  but  a  fee  of  60  pf.    must  be  paid  for  each  additional  halt. 

The  train  quits  the  Lindau  line  (p.  198)  at  (41/2  M.)  Pasing.  9  M. 
Plnnegg ;  12  M.  Gauting^  with  a  sulphur-spring.  Near  (141/2  M.)Afu/ii- 
thal  we  have  a  glimpse  of  the  pretty,  wooded  Wiirmthal  to  the  left. 

772  M.  Starnberg  (*Bayrischer  Hof;  '^Bellevue;  '*Zum  Deut- 
schen  Kaiser,  all  on  the  lake;  *Zur  Eisenbahn;  '^Pellet;  Tutzinger 
Hof)^  a  considerahle  place  at  the  N,  end  of  the  lake,  is  generally 
crowded  in  summer.  Swimming  and  other  baths  next  the  steam- 
boat-quay.   Rowing  boat  80  pf.  per  hour. 

The  *Lake  of  Starnberg,  or  Wiirmsee  (1920  ft.),  12^2  M.  long 
and  2-3  M.  in  width,  is  enclosed  by  banks  of  moderate  height, 
which  are  covered  with  villas  and  parks,  especially  at  the  N.  end. 
The  principal  charm  of  the  scenery  is  the  view  of  the  distant  moun- 
tains in  clear  weather.  The  following  are  the  conspicuous  peaks, 
from  E.  to  W. :  Wendelstein,  Brecherspitze,  Kirchstein,  Benedikten- 
wand ,  Karwendel-Gebirge,  Jochberg,  Herzogstand,  Heimgarten, 
Krottenkopf,  Wetterstein  range  with  the  Zugspitze,  and  Ettaler 
Mandl. 

Steamboat  Jourxey.  On  the  hill  to  the  right,  immediately 
beyond  Starnberg,  rises  the  chateau  of  Count  Almeida.  On  the  bank, 
farther  on,  are  a  number  of  other  villas.  Stat.  Niederpocking.  Pos- 
senhofen  (Jnn)  lies  about  V2  M.  from  the  railway-station  of  that 
name  (p.  196).  Duke  Carl  Theodor  of  Bavaria  has  a  chateau  here. 
The  garden,  enclosed  by  a  high  wall,  is  not  shown:  but  the  park, 
about  2  M.  in  length,  is  open  to  the  public.   Pleasant  walk  through 

13* 


196   Route  29.  TUTZING. 

wood,  ascending  to  the  right  (way-posts),  to  (1  M.)  Feldafing  (see 
below).  In  the  lake  below  lies  the  Roseninsel  (shown  by  order 
obtained  at  the  'Oberst-Hofmarschallamt'  at  Munich,  or  from  the 
'Rentamt'  at  Starnberg). 

The  first  station  on  the  E.  bank  is  ScMoss  Berg  (^Wiesmayers 
Inn^  ^4  M.  from  the  lake,  with  garden). 

About  1/4  M.  from  the  pier  is  Schloss  Berg  (adm.  50  pf.),  a  royal  chateau 
with  a  large  park,  where  King  Lewis  II.  of  Bavaria  perished  in  the  lake 
on  June  13th,  18S6.  The  chateau  is  plainly  fitted  up,  and  contains  paint- 
ings and  statuettes,  for  the  most  part  of  scenes  and  characters  from  Wag- 
ner's operas.  —  A  road  leads  through  the  park  to  (1  M.)  Leoni  (see  below), 
passing  the  spot  where  the  bodies  of  King  Lewis  II.  and  Dr.  von  Gudden 
were  found  (indicated  by  a  stone  column  with  a  cross). 

Farther  on,  opposite  Possenhofen  (boat  in  ^j^^r.^  1  Jf)^  lies  the 
neat  little  village  of  Leoni  (^-'Hotel  Leoni,  pens.  5  t£).  On  the  hill 
above  it  rises  the  church  of  Aufkirchen. 

*Ilottmannsh6he  (2195  ft. ;  20  min.).  The  path  ascends  opposite  the 
landing-place,  and  at  the  top  of  the  hill  turns  to  the  right  to  the  Hotel, 
the  roof  of  which  commands  a  beautiful  survey  of  the  lake  and  Alps  (fee 
10  pf.)-  On  a  platform  in  front  of  the  hotel-veranda  stands  a  simple  mon- 
ument erected  by  the  artists  of  Munich  to  Karl  Rottmann  (d.  1850),  the 
famous  landscape-painter. 

On  the  W.  bank  a  number  of  parks  and  gardens  extend  from 
Possenhofen  to  (2^/4  M.)  Garatshausen^  with  a  chateau  of  Prince 
Thurn  and  Taxis.  Next  stat.  Tutzing  (^Hotel  am  See,  with  a 
garden ;  ^Simson's  Bahnhotel,  at  the  rail,  station,  1/2  ^-  from  the  lake, 
with  *View  from  the  terrace ;  Bierkeller,  a  restaurant  with  groups  of 
fine  trees,  1/4  ^^-  *o  the  S.  of  the  station),  with  Hr.  von  Hallberger's 
chateau,  the  pleasant  grounds  of  which  are  open  from  12  to  3  p.m. 
Below  the  landing-stage  are  a  bathing-place  and  swimming-baths. 
—  The  Johannesierg^  ^/^  M.  to  the  S.  of  the  railway-station,  com- 
mands a  charming  view  (still  finer  from  the  *Ilkah6he,  near  Ober- 
zeismering^  1  hr.).  The  lake,  which  forms  a  bay  here  towards  the 
W. ,  called  the  Karpfenwinkel,  has  now  attained  its  greatest  width 
(3  M.). 

Stat.  Bernried  (Altwirth;  Neuwirth),  with  a  chateau  of  Hr.  von 
Wendland  and  a  fine  park,  open  to  the  public  (good  beer  at  the 
brewery).  The  banks  become  flatter,  and  the  mountains  more  con- 
spicuous. Stat.  Seeshaupt  (Post)  lies  at  the  S.  end  of  the  lake.  The 
steamer  now  steers  along  the  wooded  E.  bank,  passing  Ambach, 
Ammerland,  with  a  chateau  of  Count  Pocci,  and  Allmannshausen^  to 
Leoni  and  Starnberg. 

Railway  Journey.  —  17V-2  M.  Starnberg,  see  p.  195.  2OV2  M. 
Possenhofen  (p.  195;  Hot. -Restaur ant  Pocking,  1/4  M-  to  the  right 
of  the  station ;  Bellevue,  in  the  village  of  Pocking,  1/4  M.  farther  on, 
both  with  fine  views).  — 22  M.  Feldafing  (2160  ft. ;  '^Strauch's  Hotel, 
1/2  M.  from  the  station,  with  terrace;  *H6t.-Pens.  Neuschwanstein ; 
fine  view  from  both),  1  M.  from  the  lake  (see  above).  At  (25  M.) 
Tutzing  passengers  for  Penzberg  (p.  213)  change  carriages.  The  Weil- 
heim  line  turns  towards  the  W.  (view  of  the  Zugspitze,  etc.,  to  the  left). 


AMMERSEE.  29.  Route.    197 

271/2  M.  Diemendorf ;  3OI/2  M.  Wihhofen  (to  the  Ammersee,  see 
below).  —  At  (331/2  M.)  Weilheim  (1845  ft.;  *Post;  *Traube; 
*Brduwastl,  with  garden),  a  small  town  on  the  Ammer,  we  change 
carriages  for  Peissenberg.  (Route  to  Murnau  and  Partenkirchen,  see 
p. 207.)  Passing  Unter-Peissenberg (Fosi)^  the  train  stops  at  (881/2 M.) 
Peissenberg  (1930  ft.),  where  the  railway  ends.  About  1/4  M.  from 
the  station  is  Bad  Sulz  (2020  ft. ;  *Hotel,  pens.  4  .//),  with  mineral 
springs  and  shady  walks. 

The  best  Route  to  the  Hohe  Peissenberg  (mountain-railway  pro- 
jected), indicated  by  red  and  white  marks,  leads  via  Bad  Sulz,  the  Sulz- 
bach  Waterfall,  the  Quellenhati^^  and  the  Schune  Aussicht  (to  the  top  V-Ji  hr. ; 
donkeys  at  Bad  Sulz).  The  descent  (blue  marks)  may  be  made  to  the 
S.E.,  across  the  ridge  (line  views)  to  the  Weinbauei'  (Inn,  good  wine),  and 
thence  in  windings  to  (1  hr.)  the  railway-station  of  Peissenberg. 

The  *Hohe  Peissenberg  (3190  ft.)",  the  Rigi  of  Bavaria,  affords  a 
remarkably  extensive  panorama  owing  to  its  isolated  position  oppo- 
site the  centre  of  the  Bavarian  Alps.  On  the  summit  are  a  pil- 
grimage-church, a  school  (with  an  observatory  on  the  roof;  adm. 
20  pf.),  and  an  Inn  (35  beds). 

View.  The  principal  mountains  visible  are,  from  E.  fo  W.,  the  Wen- 
delstein,  Benediktenwand,  Jochberg  (beyond  which  in  the  extreme  distance 
peeps  the  snowy  Venediger),  Herzogstand,  Heimgarten  (in  front  of  which 
lies  the  Staffelsee),  Karwendelgebirge,  Kistenkopf,  Krottenkopf,  Dreithor- 
spitze,  Wetterstein  range  (with  the  Zugspitze),  Daniel.  Hochplatte,  Hohe 
Bleiche,  Gabelschroffen,  Sauling,  Griinten,  and  Stuiben.  To  the  N.  an 
extensive  survey  of  the  plain,  embracing  the  Ammersee,  Starnberger  See, 
and  innumerable  towns  and  villages  as  far  as  Munich  and  Augsburg. 

From  Peissenberg  to  Ober-Ammeegau.  A  carriage-road  (diligence 
daily  to  Eayersoyen)  leads  round  the  E.  flank  of  the  Hohe  Peissenberg  to 
Bobing  (Hydropathic)  and  (9  M.)  RoUenbuch  ('Post),  with  its  ancient  con- 
vent, picturesquely  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  deep  Ammerthal. 
Thence  past  (41/2  M.)  Bayersoyen  (Inn),  near  the  little  Soyen  Lake,  and 
(3  M.)  Saulgrub  (p.  212),  to  (41/2  M.)  Unter-Ammergau  and  (3  M.)  Ober-Am- 
mergau  (p.  211). 

The  Ammersee  (1750  ft.),  10  M.  long  and  88/4  M.  broad,  is  in- 
ferior to  the  Starnberger  See  in  landscape  beauty.  The  banks  are 
flat  and  wooded.  It  commands  a  view  of  the  distant  Alps  to  the  8., 
while  the  Hohe  Peissenberg  rises  in  the  foreground.  A  small  steam- 
boat plies  on  the  lake  (3-4  times  a  day  between  Diessen  and  Stegen 
in  11/2  hr.;  fares  IV2  or  1  Ji). 

From  Stat.  Wikhofen  (see  above)  a  diligence  runs  thrice  daily  in 
2  hrs.  via  Pdhl,  a  pleasant  village  commanded  by  the  Gothic  *Hoch- 
schloss  (fine  view  from  the  adjoining  Sonnenhiigel) ,  and  Fischen  to 
(71/2  M.)  Diessen,  or  Bayerdiessen  C^Posl;  *Galtinger;  Pens.  See- 
richterhaus) ,  a  straggling  market-town  and  summer-resort  at  the 
S.W.  end  of  the  lake,  with  the  extensive  buildings  of  an  old  mon- 
astery (now  a  chateau  of  Count  Pestalozza).  Baths  in  the  lake  at  the 
N.  end  of  the  town  (20  pf.),  and  at  St.  Alban,  1/0  M.  farther  on. 

The  Steamboat  crosses  the  lake  fo  Fischen  (see  above),  and  then  skirts 
the  E.  bank  to  Miihlfeld  and  Herschvtg  ("Post,  moderate),  the  station  for 
(3  M.)  Andechs  (2385  ft.),  once  the  seat  of  the  powerful  counts  of  that 
name,  and  now  a  Benedictine  monastery,  with  a  favourite  pilgrimage- 
church.  The  next  stations  are  Ried  on  the  E.  bank,  with  a  line  chateau 
and  park  (Inn),    Ulting  (Inn)   on  the  W.   bank,    and  Breitenbrunn  (*Be]le), 


198     Route  30.  BRUCK. 

on  the  E.  bank.  Then,  on  the  W.  bank,  Schondorf  (Inn),  ahove  which, 
to  the  left,  are  the  village  and  chateau  of  Greifenberg  (1920ft.;  Post);  at 
the  foot  of  the  hill  are  the  chalybeate  baths  of  that  name.  The  Amper 
emerges  from  the  lake  near  stat.  Utegen  (Inn),  at  the  N.  end.  A  small 
steamboat  plies  on  the  Amper  (1/2  hr. ;  fares,  90,  60  pf.)  to  Gvafrath  (Inn), 
1  M.  from  the  railway-station  of  the  same  name  (see  below;  omnibus  from 
the  landing-place  to  the  station,  or  vice  versa,  25  pf.). 

30.  From  Munich  to  Lindau. 

137  M.  Railway  (Bayrische  Staatshahn)  in  51/4-8  hrs.  (fares  i.lJl  70,  liJl 
80,  7  JC  60  pf.).     Views  to  the  left. 

Munich,  see  p.  137.  Soon  after  leaving  the  station  we  see  on  the 
right  the  park  and  chateau  of  Nymphenburg  (p.  194).  4^/2  M.  Pasing 
is  the  junction  for  Augsburg  (R.  26)  and  Starnberg  (R.  29).  After 
crossing  the  Wiirm  and  passing  (7  M.)  Aubing,  the  train  enters  the 
boggy  Dachauer  Moos.  —  141/2  M.  Bruck  (Marthabrdu;  Post;  Lud- 
wigshohej,  or  Fiirstenfeldbruck,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Amper ,  is 
visited  for  its  river-baths.  Near  it  is  the  old  Cistercian  abbey  of 
Fiirstenfeld,  now  a  barrack,  with  an  interesting  church  of  1673- 
1732.  —  Then  across  the  Amper  to  (20  M.)  Grafrath,  station  for  the 
Ammersee,  which  is  visible  to  the  left  (see  above).  241/2  M.  Tilrken- 
feld;  281/2  M.  Schwabhausen;  3IV2  M.  Epfenhausen.  The  train 
crosses  the  Lech  to  (35  U.')  Kaufering  (1939  ft.). 

Bhanoh  Railwat  to  Schongau  (21  M.,  in  1^/4  hr.).  —  3  M.  Landsberg 
CGoggl;  ^Zederirdu),  a  quaint  old  town  on  the  Lech  (5300  inhab.),  with 
the  late-Gothic  lAehfrauenkirche.,  founded  in  1498.  The  Rathhaus,  recently 
restored,  contains  frescoes  by  Piloty  and  Schwoiser  and  an  excellent  paint- 
ing,  by  Hubert  Herkomer,  of  a '-'Sitting  of  the  Landsberg  Magistrates.  Her- 
komer,  who  is  a  native  of  Waal,  6  M.  from  Landsberg,  has  built  the  so- 
called  *■  Mutter thurm\  in  the  English  castellated  style,  adjoining  the  house 
at  Landsberg  in  which  his  mother  died  (fine  views  of  the  town  and  valley). 
On  the  hill  is  i\\e' Bayer thoi\  a  picturesque  Gothic  gate-tower,  with  carv- 
ings in  wood.  Several  small  stations.  —  21  M.  Schongau  (^Post;  Stern)., 
an  interesting  and  ancient  little  town,  lies  picturesquely  on  a  hill  on  the 
Lech.     The  "Johannisbad  here  is  well  fitted  up. 

Fkom  Kaufeeing  to  Bobingen,  14  M.,  branch-railway  in  1  hr.,  cross- 
ing the  Lechfeld.    14  M.  Bobingen,  see  below. 

Near  (38  M.)  Igling  is  the  chateau  of  that  name  on  the  left.  — 
421/2  M-  Btichloe(^aii.  Restaurant;  Hotel  Ensslin,  near  the  station), 
the  junction  of  the  lines  to  Augsburg  and  Memmingen. 

Feom  Augsburg  to  Buchloe  ,  25  M. ,  railway  in  50-70  min.  (from 
Augsburg  to  Lindau  in  5-8  hrs.).  The  line  traverses  the  Lech/eld,  the  plain 
between  the  Wertach  and  Lech,  where  Otho  I.  defeated  the  Hungarians 
in  955.  Near  stat.  Inningen,  to  the  right,  beyond  the  Wertach,  rises  the  Wellen- 
burg,  a  chateau  of  Prince  Fugger.  Stations  Bobingen  (branch-line  to  Kaufer- 
ing,  see  above),  Grossaitingen ,  Schwahmunchen  (a  manufacturing  place), 
Wester ering en.     The  line  then  crosses  the  Gennadi^  and  reaches  Buchloe. 

Fkom  Buchloe  to  Memmingen  (29  M. ,  railway  in  IV2  hr.).  Beyond 
(2V2  M.)  Wiedergeltingen  the  train  crosses  the  Wertach.  5  M.  Tiirkheim. 
12  M.  Mindelheim,  an  old  town  with  3400  inhab.  ;  in  the  church  is  the  tomb 
of  Georg  von  Frundsberg  (d.  1528) ,  a  distinguished  general.  Stations 
Sletten,  Sontheini,   Ungerhausen,  Memmingen,  see  p.  33. 

The  train  enters  the  broad  valley  of  the  "Wertach.  461/2  M.  Beck- 
stetten;  50  M.  Pforzen.  Beyond  the  river  is  the  monastery  of  Irrsee, 


KEMPTEN.  30.  Route.    1  99 

now  a  lunatic  asylum.  The  background  of  the  landscape  is  here 
formed  by  the  Zugspitze  (9761  ft.),  the  Hochplatte  (9837  ft.),  the 
Sauling  (6683  ft.),  and  other  imposing  mountains. 

Near  the  old  town  of  (541/2  M.)  Kaufbeuren  (2241  ft. ;  Sonne; 
HirscK)  the  line  crosses  the  Wertach,  and  then  winds  between  dense- 
ly wooded  hills.  58  M.  Biessenhofen  (Post;  branch-line  to  Fiissen, 
see  p.  202);  61  M.  Ruderatshofen ;  691/2  M-  Aitrang.  A  deep  cutting 
penetrates  the  watershed  between  the  Wertach  and  the  lUer.  691/2  M- 
Giinzach^  with  an  old  monastery,  now  a  brewery,  is  the  highest  point 
(2628  ft.)  of  the  line  ;  fine  view  of  the  Giinzthal ;  to  the  right  Ober- 
gunzhurg.   The  Mittelberg^  I/4  hr.  to  the  S.W.,  is  a  fine  point  of  view. 

The  line  descends,  at  first  among  wooded  hills,  and  then  through 
a  broad  grassy  valley  with  large  beds  of  peat,  76  M.  Wildpoldsried  ; 
771/2  M.  Betzigau.    The  Iller  is  crossed. 

8 11/2  M.  Kemp  ten  (2287  ft. ;  *Algduer  Eof,  Kronprinz,  at  the 
station;  *  Krone,  Post,  in  the  new  town;  Deutscher  Kaiser,  *Haase, 
in  the  old  town;  Frommlet's  old-German  wine-room,  near  the  sta- 
tion ;  Rail.  Restaurant),  the  capital  of  the  Algdu,  with  15,700  inhab., 
picturesquely  situated  on  the  Iller,  which  here  becomes  navigable  for 
rafts,  was  a  free  town  of  the  empire  down  to  1803.  It  consists  of 
two  parts,  the  Neustadt,  on  the  high  ground  near  the  station,  and 
the  Altstadt  on  the  Iller.  In  the  Residenz-Platz  in  the  Neustadt 
stands  the  old  Palace  of  the  once  powerful  Prince-Abbots  of  Kemp- 
ten,  built  in  the  18th  cent.;  adjacent  is  the  handsome  Abbey  Church, 
with  a  dome  in  the  Italian  style  (1652).  In  the  Altstadt  are  the 
Rathhaus,  lately  restored,  and  the  Protestant  Church  in  the  St-Mang- 
Platz.    In  front  of  the  Real-Schule  is  a  War  Monument  of  1870-71. 

To  the  S.  of  the  town,  10  min.  from  the  station,  rises  the  *Burghalde, 
a  hill  with  new  promenades  and  remains  of  old  walls  and  towers.  Splendid 
view  of  the  Algau  Alps.  Still  finer  from  the  "Marienherg  (3035  ft.),  1  hr. 
to  the  W.,  best  reached  by  Feilberg  and  Eggen. 

Fkom  Kemften  to  Ulji,  railway  via  Memmingen  in  4  hrs.,  the  direct 
route  from  Stuttgart  to  the  Algau,  Hohenschwangau,  etc.,  see  p.  33.  —  From 
Kempten  to  Fiissen  and  Reutte,  see  p.  202. 

Beyond  Kempten,  from  which  the  train  backs  out,  the  line  fol- 
lows the  left  bank  of  the  Iller.  Finest  views  to  the  left.  Beyond 
(85  M.)  Waltenhofen  (2362  ft.)  the  Niedersonthofer  See  (2240  ft.) 
is  seen  on  the  right,  at  the  foot  of  the  Stoffelsberg  (3900  ft.).  88  M. 
Oberdorf.  The  line  approaches  the  Iller.  To  the  left  is  the  green 
and  sharp-edged  Orimten  (p.  200). 

95  M.  Immenstadt  (2395  ft. ;  *Kreuz  or  Post;  *Hirsch;  Engel; 
Traube,  with  beer-garden),  a  busy  town  of  3000  inhab.,  lies  pictur- 
esquely on  both  banks  of  the  Steigbach ,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Konstanzer  Ach  and  the  Iller,  at  the  foot  of  the  Immenstadter  Horn 
(5050  ft.)  and  the  Mittag  (4688  ft.). 

Fine  views  from  the  Calvarienberg  (1/4  hr.  to  the  N.)  and  from  the 
Rothenfels  (I/2  hr.  to  the  N.W.,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Alpsee,  see 
below).  —  The  ascent  of  the  ""Stuiben  (5790  ft. ;  3-3V2hrs.,  guide  unneces- 
sary) is  recommended.  Cart-road  up  the  Steigbach  valley  to  the  (13/4  hr.) 
Almagmach  Inn  (3385  ft.) ,    and   footpath    thence  to   the   (IV4  hr.)   Sluiben- 


200    Route  30,  OBERSTDORF.  From  Munich 

Hulie  (Inn  in  summer),  about  20min.  below  the  summit,  which  commands 
a  splendid  view. 

From  Immenstadt  to  Oberstdoef,  13  M.,  railway  in  li/i  hr.  —  3  M. 
Blaichach;  o'^/^  M.  Sonthofen  (Deutsches  Hans,  at  the  rail,  station^  Engel), 
whence  the  *Grunten  (5710  ft.),  another  excellent  point  of  view,  may  be 
easily  ascended  via  (2V2  M.)  Burgherg  in  2i/2-3  hrs.  (Inn  near  the  top).  — 
9  M.  Fischen.  —  14  M.  Oberstdorf  (2665  ft.;  Mohr;  Hirsch;  Sonne,  etc.),  a 
favourite  summer-resort,  beautifully  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  Algau 
Alps,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Trettach^  ,Stillach,  and  Breitach,  the  val- 
leys of  which  with  their  ramifications  afford  a  great  variety  of  excursions: 
To  the  Falterhach  Waterfall,  25  minutes.  —  Hofmannsruhe  (2885  ft.),  1/2  hr., 
via  St.  Loretto  (fine  view  from  the  hill;  on  the  S.  side  is  the  Alpenrose 
Inn).  —  ■'  Wasach,  1  hr.  We  follow  the  Fischen  road  and  beyond  the 
Breitach  bridge  ascend  to  the  left  by  a  shady  path  to  the  Inn,  where  we 
enjoy  a  beautiful  view  of  the  Algau  Alps  (best  by  eveniDg- light).  We 
may  return  via  Tiefenbach  (I72  hr.).  —  '^ Freiberg-See  (3085  ft. ;  V/t  hr.) ; 
beyond  (1/4  hr.)  St.  Loretto  (see  above)  a  footpath  diverges  to  the  right  from 
the  Birgsau  road,  crosses  (10  min.)  the  Stillach,  and  ascends  through  wood 
to  the  charming,  dark-green  lake  (Restaurant  and  bathing-house).  —  '^Spiel- 
mannsau  (Trettach-Thal),  2  hrs.,  carriage-road  via  St.  Loretto  (see  above) 
and  the  Burgstall ,  skirting  the  N.  foot  of  the  Himmelschroffen ,  to  the 
hamlet  of  Spielinannsau  (3510  ft. ;  *Inn),  amid  grand  scenery.  —  *HoUtobel, 
11/2  hr,,  attractive.  Beyond  the  Burgstall  (see  above)  we  diverge  to  the 
left  from  the  Spielmannsau  road,  cross  the  Trettach,  and  ascend  (right)  to 
the  picturesque  ravine  in  which  the  Dietersbach  forms  three  beautiful 
waterfalls.  —  Oythal  (to  the  Stuiben  Fall  3  hrs.),  repaying;  carriage-road 
half  the  way.  —  Zwingsteg  and  Walser  Schdmle,  IV2  hr.  A  carriage-road 
crosses  the  Stillach  to  the  W.  of  Oberstdorf  and  ascends  along  the  hill- 
side to  the  Walser  Schanzle  (Inn,  good  wine),  just  beyond  the  Austrian 
frontier,  in  the  valley  of  the  Breitach  or  Kleine  Walser-Thal.  About  8  min. 
before  it  is  reached,  a  path  descends  to  the  right  to  the  Zwingsteg^  a 
bridge  over  the  deep  and  narrow  gorge  of  the  Breitach.  Crossing  the 
bridge,  we  may  descend  along  the  left  bank  and  return  to  (1  hr.)  Tiefen- 
bach, or  (11/4  hr.)  Oberstdorf.  —  Birgsau  (Stillach-Thal),  by  road  6  M. ; 
footpath  thence  to  the  left  along  the  wild  gorge  of  the  Stillach  to  (1/2  hr.) 
Einodsbach  (3745  ft. ;  Schraudolph's  Inn),  grandly  situated  at  the  mouth  of 
the  huge  Backer  Tobel^  near  the  foot  of  the  Madelegabel.  —  For  details, 
mountain-ascents  {Nehelhorn,  Madelegabel^  Hohe  Licht,  etc.)  and  the  passes 
to  Hinterstein,  the  Lech  Valley,  and  the  Bregenzer-Wald,  see  Baedeker's 
Eastern  Alps. 

The  train  now  turns  to  the  W.  into  the  valley  of  the  Ach, 
reaches  the  village  oiBilhl,  on  iheAljpsee  (2355ft. ;  2M.  long),  and 
runs  through  the  pleasant  Konstanzer-Thal,  flanked  with  green  hills, 
to  (102  M.)  Thalkirchdorf.  It  then  ascends  to  (IO572  M.)  Ober- 
staufen  (2598  ft. ;  *Buttner') ,  the  watershed  between  the  Danube 
and  the  Rhine.  At  the  end  of  a  short  tunnel ,  just  before  Ober- 
staufen  is  reached,  and  at  several  points  beyond  it,  we  obtain  strik- 
ing views  of  the  deep  Weissach-Thal,  the  wooded  mountains  of  Bre- 
genz,  and  the  snow-clad  peaks  of  Appenzell  beyond.  From  Ober- 
staufen  to  the  Lake  of  Constance  the  line  descends  1280  ft. 

Beyond  (110  M.)  Harbatzhofen  the  valley  is  crossed  by  the 
Renter shofener  Damm,  an  embankment  577  yds.  in  length  and 
174  ft.  in  height.  114  M.  Rothenbach  (2319  ft.).  Farther  on  we 
obtain  another  view  of  the  Appenzell  mountains.  123  M.  Hergatz 
(1815  ft. ;  branch-line  vikWangen  to  Kisslegg^  p.  54)  ;  128 M.  Sehlach- 
ters ;  132  M.  Oberreitnau.  The  line  skirts  the  Hoierberg  (p.201)  and 
then  turns  to  the  S.E.  Beautiful  view  of  the  Lake  of  Constancej  on 


to  Lindau.  LINDAU.  SO.  Route.    201 

the  left  Bregenz,  in  the  foreground  Lindau,  and  beyond  it  the 
mountains  of  St.  Gallen  and  Appenzell.  An  embankment  605  yds. 
long  crosses  an  arm  of  the  lake  to  the  station  of  — 

137  M.  Lindau.  —  ^Baybischer  Hof,  on  the  lake,  near  the  station, 
R.,  L.,  (fe  A.  3-4,  I).  3  M;  'Krone,  '-Hotel  Reotemann,  "Lindauer  Hof,  R. 
IV2-2V2,  D.  21/2  Jl,  Helvetia,  R.  I'/i-lVz  -^/,  all  on  the  lake;  Sonne,  in  the 
Reichsplatz  •,  Pension  Gartchen  auf  der  Macer,  on  the  mainland.  —  Beer 
at  the  Krone,  and  in  the  Seegarien,  next  the  Bayrischer  Hof;  Schiitzengarten, 
with  view  ;  adjacent,  /Ju/j^w's  wine-saloon ;  Rail.  Restaurant.  —  Lake  Baths 
on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  town  (30  pf.).  —  English  Church  Service  in  summer. 

Lindau  (1306  ft.;  pop.  5400),  formerly  a  free  imperial  town 
and  fortress,  and  in  the  middle  ages  a  busy  trading  place,  lies  on 
an  island  in  the  Lake  of  Constance^  240  yds.  from  the  mainland, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  railway-embankment  and  a 
wooden  bridge.  It  is  now  a  favourite  summer-resort  and  bathing- 
place.  The  Komans  under  Tiberius  defeated  the  Celtic  Vindelici 
in  a  naval  battle  on  the  lake,  and  founded  on  the  island  a  fort,  of 
which  the  ancient  tower  by  the  bridge  (the  so-called  Heidenmauer) 
is  a  relic.  On  the  quay  is  a  Statue  of  King  Max  IL  (d.  1864)  in 
bronze,  erected  in  1856.  At  the  end  of  the  S.  pier  is  a  large  lion  in 
marble,  and  on  the  opposite  pier  a  lighthouse.  The  harbour  is  ad- 
joined to  the  S.  by  the  Alte  Schanz,  which  commands  a  *View  of  the 
Alps  from  the  Scesaplana  to  the  Sentis  (mountain  indicator).  In  the 
neighbouring  Reichs-Platz  is  the  Reichsbrunnen,  erected  in  1884 
from  a  design  by  Thiersch  and  Riimann,  with  a  bronze  statue  of 
'Lindauia'  and  other  allegorical  figures.  The  handsome  Ratlihaus 
in  the  Renaissance  style,  erected  in  1422-36,  restored  and  adorned 
with  frescoes  in  1885-87,  contains  an  interesting  collection  of  anti- 
quities (open  11-12,  Sun.  2-5).  Pleasant  grounds  by  the  Landthor, 
with  a  monument  for  1870-71. 

Excursions.  Pleasant  walk  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  lake  (crossing  the 
railway -embankment,  and  turning  to  the  left),  to  the  (2  M.)  charmingly 
situated  Schachenbad  {^'Restaurant  <&  Pension  Freihof,  22-30  Jl  per  week),  with 
mineral  and  lake-baths.  Near  it  Q/t  M.)  is  the  Lindenhof,  or  Villa  Gruber, 
with  a  beautiful  park,  hot-houses,  etc.  (adm.  Frid.  free,  on  other  days  1  Jf  ; 
closed  on  Sundays).  Thence  along  the  bank  of  the  lake,  by  Tegelstein  (.to  the 
right  the  finely  situated  Schloss  Alicind)  and  Mitten,  to  (2  M.)  Wasserburg 
CHGt.Pens.  Springer,  with  terrace),  with  a  chateau  and  church,  situated  on 
a  peninsula.  Back  by  steamer.  —  Beautiful  view  from  the  (2/4  hr.)  *Hoier- 
berg  (1496  ft.),  reached  either  by  the  path  parallel  with  the  railway,  or  by 
the  road  from  the  Landthor  through  Aeschach  (Schlatter)  to  the  hamlet  of 
Hoiren  at  the  foot  of  the  vine-clad  hill.  Two  inns  and  a  belvedere  at  the  top. 
Keturn  via  Emisweiler  ('Schmid's  Restaurant)  and  Schachen  (Schlossle). 

To  Bregenz  (the  Gebhardsherg,  P/dnder,  etc.),  see  Baedeker's  Eastern  Alps. 

The  Lake  of  Constance  (1300  ft.)  is  about  40  M.  in  length,  71/2  M.  in 
width,  and  at  the  deepest  place  (between  Friedrichshafen  and  Utweil)  837 
ft.  in  depth.  Its  principal  feeder  is  the  Rhine,  the  deposits  of  which  have 
formed  a  broad  delta  at  its  influx  between  Bregenz  and  Rorschach.  The 
river  emerges  from  the  lake  at  Constance.  This  vast  sheet  of  water,  with 
its  picturesque  and  well-peopled  banks,  its  green  and  wooded  hills  on  the 
S.  side,  and  the  view  it  commands  of  the  distant  snow-mountains,  presents 
a  very  striking  scene  to  the  traveller  approaching  the  Alps  for  the  first  time. 

The  principal  places  on  the  lake  are  Friedrichshafen,  Lindau,  Bregenz, 
Rorschach,  Romanshorn ,  Constance,  Meersburg,  Ueherlingen,  and  Ludicigs- 
hafen,  between  which  steamboats  ply  at  least  once  a  day.     On  the  more 


202     liouteSl.  OEERDORF. 

important  routes,  Lindau-Rorschach  (li/ilir.),  Lindau-Eomansliorn  (li/'ilir.), 
Friedrichshafen-Rorschach  (I1/4  hr.),  Friedrichsliafen-Romansliorn  (1  lir.), 
Friedriclisliafen-Constance  (iVa  hr.),  there  are  3-4  trips  daily.  The  lake 
being  neutral,  passengers'  luggage  is  liable  to  examination  at  the  custom- 
house wherever  they  land;  but  those  proceeding  from  one  German  port 
to  another  obtain  exemption  by  procuring  a  ticket  for  their  luggage  on 
atarting.  The  banks  of  the  lake  belong  to  five  different  states:  Bavaria, 
Wurtemberg,  Baden,  Switzerland,  and  Aiistria.  (See  Baedeker's  Switzer- 
land^ and  comp.  p.  57.) 

31.  From  Munich  to  Fiissen  (Hohenschwangau) 
and  Reutte. 

SOV'2  M.  Railway  to  Biessenhofen,  58  M.,  in  13/4-3V4  hrs.  (fares  IJl 
60,  bJi^  3Jl  20  pf.);  from  Biessenhofen  to  Fiissen,  23  31.,  local  railway 
in  i3/4  hr.  (iJl,  2jl  90,  IJl  SO  pf.).  —  Diligence  from  Fiissen  to  Reutte 
(91/2  M.)  twice  daily  in  2  hrs.  (fare  iJl  50  pf.).  —  Carriage  from  Fussen 
to  Hohenschwangau  with  one  horse  3,  with  two  horses  5  Jl ;  to  Xeu- 
Schwansteia  7  or  10  Jli;  to  Reutte  6  or  10  Jt ;  to  Linderhof  18  or  30  Jl ; 
to  Oberau  36  or  50  Jl.  Return-journey  in  each  case  one-half  more;  but 
an  arrangement  must  be  made  as  to  the  length  of  the  halt.  Driver's  fee 
10  per  cent  of  the  fare. 

From  Kempten  (p.  199)  to  Fcssen  (25  M.),  carriage-road  (railway  to 
Pfronten  under  construction);  carr.  to  Hohenschwangau,  with  one  horse 
20,  with  two  horses  36  Jl.  We  cross  the  railway-bridge  (fine  view)  and 
in  12  min.  reach  the  road  to  (3  M.)  Durach  (3  M.  to  the  S.  of  which,  near 
Sulzberg,  lie  the  small  but  well-equipped  iodine  baths  of  Sulzbrunn). 
Thence  we  ascend  through  wood,  pass  Zoll/iaus,  and  reach  (V/2  M.)  Oy,  a 
lofty  village  with  a  fine  view,  beyond  which  we  descend  to  cross  the 
Werfach,  remounting  again  to  (3^/4  M.)  Ness elwang  (2845  ft. ;  *Pos<;  *A>o7i€; 
*Bdr),  with  1200  inhab.,  71/2  M.  from  stat.  Weizern-Hopferau  (diligence 
twice  daily  in  2  hrs.,  via  Weissbach;  see  below).  The  ascent  of  the 
"Edelsberg  (5330  ft.),  which  commands  a  splendid  view  extending  to  the 
Sentis  and  the  Lake  of  Constance,  may  be  made  hence  by  an  easy  mark- 
ed path  in  2  hrs.  (10  min.  from  the  top  is  the  open  Edelsherg  Pavilion;  at 
the  top  an  'orientation'  table).  Descent  to  Pfronten  (see  below).  —  The 
road  now  leads  through  Kappel  and  (3^/4  M.)  TFej5s6oc7i  ('Haf)  and  past  the 
Weissensee  to  (71/2  M.)  Fiissen.  —  To  Reutte,  a  direct  road  diverges  to 
the  right  at  Weissbach  (see  above),  which  with  the  following  villages  of 
KircMorf  and  Steinach  belongs  to  the  parish  of  Pfronten  (Frons  Raetiae)^ 
consisting  of  thirteen  villages.  From.  F/ronten-Halden  (IV2M.  from  Weiss- 
bach) we  may  ascend  the  Edelsberg  (see  above)  in  3  hrs.  Pfronten- Steinach^ 
2V4  M.  from  Weis.'^bach,  is  a  good  starting-point  for  the  attractive  ascent 
of  the  Aggenstein  (6505  ft.;  4  hrs.,  with  guide).  From  Pfronten- Meitlingen., 
11/2  M.  from  Weissbach,  a  road,  constructed  by  King  Lewis  II.  along  with 
an  aqueduct  450  yds.  long,  ascends  the  *Falkenstein  (4190  ft.),  at  the  top 
of  which,  commanding  a  splendid  view,  is  a  ruined  castle  (restaurant). 
The  descent  may  be  made  to  (1  hr.)  Schonbichl  (see  below).  —  A  pleasant 
path  leais  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ach  from  Pfronten-Dorf  to  the  (1  hr.) 
Fallmiilde  (3260  ft.;  Inn,  with  pretty  grounds),  whence  we  may  go  on  to 
the  Kothbach  Fall.  —  Beyond  (2  M.)  Steinach  the  road  follows  the  broad 
valley  of  the  Vils.,  crosses  the  Austrian  frontier  to  the  (2  M.)  'Schonbichl 
Tavern,  and  leads  via  (3  M.)  the  small  town  of  Vils  (2735  ft. ;  Huter)  to 
the  (IV2  M.)   Ulrichs-Briicke  (p.  206). 

From  Munich  to  (58  M.)  Biessenhofen.,  see  p.  199.  The  Branch 
Railway  to  Fussen  diverges  here  to  the  left. — 11/2  M.  Ehenhofen ; 
4  M.  Oberdorf  (2395  ft. ;  AltePost;  NeuePost),  a  market-town  with 
a  loftily  situated  church  and  an  old  chateau.  —  7  M.  Leuterschach ; 
9  M.  Balteratsried ;  11  M.  Lengenivang ;  I41/4  M.  Seeg,  a  well-built 


(J 


TT^mf^tt^^^^^^t: 


m 


FUSSEN.  31.  Route.      203 

village  on  the  hill  to  the  right.  Beyond  (16  M.)  Enzenstetten  the 
ruin  of  Falkensteln  (p.  202)  appears  to  the  right.  1772  ^1-  Weizem- 
Hopferau;  in  the  distance,  to  the  left,  the  chateau  of  Neu-Sch wan- 
stein  is  visible.  20  M.  Relnertshof^  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hopfensee, 

23  M.  FiiSSen.  —  The  Railway  Station  (omn.  of  the  Hohenschwangau 
Inns,  see  below ;  carr.,  p.  202)  lies  a  short  distance  from  the  town,  at 
the  entrance  to  which  we  follow  the  main  street,  reaching  the  bridge 
over  the  Lech  in  6-8  minutes.  —  Hotels.  Post,  Mohren,  both  in  the  main 
street,  R.  IV2  Jl ;  Nece  Post;  Kuone;  Lowe;  Sonne,  etc. 

Fiissen  (2615  ft.),  a  small  town  (3000  inhab.)  on  the  I-ec/t,  with 
a  castle  erected  by  the  bishops  of  Augsburg  in  1322,  restored  by 
King MaxIL,  and  the  remains  of  its  old  walls,  presents  an  attractive 
picture  of  a  mediaeval  fortified  town.  Below  the  castle  are  the  sup- 
pressed Benedictine  abbey  of  St.  Mang^  founded  in  6"29  (present 
building,  18th  cent.),  and  the  Church  of  St.  Magnus,  erected  in 
1701  on  older  foundations.  The  gate  in  the  town-wall  between  the 
castle  and  the  church  commands  a  fine  view.  — About  V2^1-  to  the 
W.  is  the  small  sulphur  bath  of  Faulenbach. 

On  the  right  bank  of  the  Lech,  a  few  hundred  paces  above  the  bridge, 
a  path  (guide-post)  with  pilgrimage-stations  ascends  from  the  church  to 
the  Calvarienberg  (2/4  hr.),  surmounted  by  three  crosses,  and  command- 
ing a  beautiful  view  :  N.  the  valley  of  the  Lech  and  Fiissen,  S.W.  the 
Schwansee,  Hohen-Schwangau,  and  Neu-Schwanstein.  A  footpath  leads 
hence,  skirting  the  Schwansee,  direct  to  (1  hr.)  Hohenschwangau. 

The  Road  fromFussen  to  Hohenschwangau  (3M.)  crosses  the 
Lech,  turns  to  the  left,  and  ascends  the  right  bank  of  the  Lech,  pass- 
ing the  Alterschroffen  Inn.  It  then  turns  to  the  right,  skirts  the 
Schlossberg,  and  leads  through  the  park  to  Hohenschwangau.  — 
Pedestrians  follow  the  road  to  Reutte  (p.  206),  to  the  right  beyond 
the  bridge,  for  5  min.,  then  ascend  the  path  to  the  left  on  the  slope 
of  the  Calvarienberg,  which  leads  past  the  (7  min.)  view-point 
known  as  the  'Kanzel',  crosses  a  cart-track,  and  passes  through  wood 
to  (25  min.)  the  saddle  between  the  Calvarienberg  and  the  Schwar- 
zenberg.  Here  we  reach  the  so-called  Konigliche  Reitu-eg,  which 
begins  at  the  Schwarzbriicke  (p.  206).  We  descend  this  path,  with 
a  view  of  Neu-Schwanstein  and  (farther  on)  of  Hohenschwangau  (to 
the  right),  and  before  reaching  the  Schwansee  take  the  footpath  to 
the  right  across  the  ridge,  where  the  'Alpenrosen-Weg'  (see  below) 
joins  our  route,  to  (1  hr.)  the  village  of  Hohensi^hwangau.  —  A 
longer  route  (2  hrs.)  is  offered  by  the  Alpenrosen-Weg,  which  begins 
at  the  Weisshaus  (p.  206)  and  winds  along  the  slope  of  the  Schwar- 
ienberg,  commanding  beautiful  views.  This  route  may  be  joined 
from  the  Schwarzbriicke  or  from  the  saddle  between  the  Calvarien- 
berg and  the  Schwarzenberg  (see  above). 

Hohenschwangau.  —  Hotels.  Schwegerle  zcr  Alpenbose,  beauti- 
fully situated  on  the  Alpsee,  R.  from  3,  B.  1  Jf  20,  pens,  from  6  J/  ; 
^ScuwANSEE,  V*  ^I-  from  the  Alpsee,  quieter,  R.,  L.,  &  B.  li/a-S,  D.  3, 
pens.  6-8  J^  (in  May  and  June  5  ,S) ;  *Liesl  Inn,  plainer.  —  All  these 
have  omnibuses  at  the  station  of  Fiissen  (1  J/). 

The  castles  of  Hohenschwangau  and  Neu-Schwanstein  are  ope     from 


204     Route  31.         HOHENSCHWANGAU.  From  Munich 

May  1st  to  Oct.  15th,  week-days  9-12  and  2-5,  Snn.  10-12  and  2-5;  closed 
on  June  I3tli,  the  anniversary  of  King  Lewis  II/s  death. 

Hohenschwangau  (2735  ft.),  a  small  village  at  the  foot  of  a  Mil 
crowned  by  the  castle  of  the  same  name,  is  a  pleasant  summer-resort 
with  numerous  attractive  walks  in  the  vicinity.  It  lies  near  the 
beautiful  blue  *Alpsee,  which  is  girdled  with  fine  woods,  while  the 
steep  crags  of  the  Pilgerschroffen  rise  above  its  S.  end.  Opposite 
the  Alpenrose  Hotel  begins  the  'Fiirsten-Strasse'  (open  to  pedes- 
trians only),  from  which  (3  min.)  a  road  to  the  right  to  Schloss 
Hohenschwangau  and  (8  min.)  the  above-mentioned  footpath  to 
Fiissen  diverge.  About  40  paces  farther  on  a  footpath  leads  to  the 
left  to  the  Tindar-Platz',  a  rocky  projection  with  a  fine  view  of  the 
lake  (p.  206).  Well-made  paths  make  the  entire  circuit  of  the  lake 
(11/4  lir.).  —  The  footpath  to  the  old  Schloss  ascends  opposite  the 
Liesl  Inn.  Tickets  (50  pf.)  to  the  right  of  the  vestibule. 

*Schloss  Hohenschwaiigau  (2930  ft.),  formerly  called  Schwan- 
stein,  originally  belonged  to  the  house  of  Guelph,  but  in  1191  came 
into  the  possession  of  the  Hohenstaufen  dukes  of  Swabia  and  in 
1567  passed  to  the  dukes  of  Bavaria.  In  the  17th  and  18th  cent,  it 
was  several  times  besieged  and  captured.  It  was  destroyed  by  the 
Tyrolese  in  1809,  sold  for  a  trifling  sum  in  1820,  and  in  1832  pur- 
chased by  King  Max  II.  of  Bavaria  (d.  1864),  then  crown -prince, 
who  caused  the  ruin  to  be  entirely  re-constructed  by  Quagllo,  Ohl- 
muller,  and  Ziebland^  and  decorated  v\4th  frescoes  from  German  le- 
gend and  history  by  Schwind,  Lindenschmit,  Ruhen^  Monten,  and 
other  Munich  artists.  The  castle  commands  charming  views  of  the 
plain,  the  Alpsee,  and  Neu-Schwanstein.  It  was  the  favourite  re- 
sidence of  King  Max  II.  and  Lewis  II.,  the  latter  of  whom  spent  his 
later  years  almost  exclusively  here.  The  little  garden,  to  the  left  of 
the  entrance  to  the  castle,  contains  a  Marble  Bath,  cut  oat  of  the 
rock,  with  two  nymphs,  by  Schwanthaler,  and  an  imitation  of  the 
Lion  Fountain  of  the  Alhambra,  by  the  same  artist. 

Opposite  the  ascent  to  Hohenschwangau,  near  the  Liesl  Inn, 
begins  the  road  to  (35  min.)  Neu-Schwanstein,  from  which  (5  min.) 
the  road  to  the  Blockenau  (p.  205)  diverges  to  the  right;  6  min. 
farther  on  (opposite  the  footpath  from  the  Hotel  Schwansee)  a  steep 
footpath  ascends  on  the  right  to  the  Jugend;  and  12  min.  farther 
on  a  bridle-path  diverges  to  the  right,  near  a  workmen's  barrack  on 
the  left  side  of  the  road,  to  the  Marienbrucke  and  the  Jugend.  The 
road  next  passes  a  restaurant  (open  in  summer  only)  and  in  8  min. 
reaches  the  castle  of  — 

*Neu-Schwanstein  (3300  ft.),  begun  by  King  Lewis  II.  in  1869 
on  the  site  of  the  old  castle  of  Vorder-Hohenschwangaii,  and  beauti- 
fully situated  on  a  precipitous  rock  above  the  profound  ravine  of 
the  Pbllat.  The  castle,  built  in  the  Romanesque  style  by  Von  Doll- 
mann^  Riedel,  and  Hofmann^  is  planned  somewhat  after  the  style 
and  arrangement   of  the  AVartburg,   but  on  a   much  larger  scale. 


to  Reutte.  NEU-SCHWANSTEIN.        31.  Route.     205 

Through  the  Thorbau  or  Gatehouse  on  the  N.E.  (where  tickets  are 
obtained ;  Sj^;  adm.,  see  p.  204)  we  enter  the  first  court,  in  which 
to  the  right  (N.W.)  is  the  Palas  or  main  building,  to  the  left  (S.E.) 
the  Kemenate  or  women's  apartments,  and  in  the  middle  the  Ritter- 
bau.  The  visit  takes  3/4-I  hr.  The  castle  is  splendidly  fitted  up,  and 
its  windows  command  beautiful  views,  especially  of  Hohenschwan- 
gau  and  the  Alpsee  to  the  S.,  and  of  the  profound  gorge  of  the  Pollat 
and  its  waterfall,  spanned  by  the  Marienbrucke,  to  the  E. 

The  imposing  Palas  has  four  stories  :  the  groundfloor  contains  the 
offices,  the  first  floor  is  occupied  by  the  attendants,  the  second  is  un- 
finished, and  the  royal  apartments  are  on  the  third.  Visitors  ascend  to 
the  third  floor  by  a  staircase  of  96  steps  in  the  massive  N.  tower,  195  ft. 
high.  The  landing  at  the  top  of  the  staircase  is  adorned  with  frescoes 
by  Hauschild,  illustrating  the  legend  of  Sigurd.  To  the  left  we  pass  through 
ihe  Adjutant's  Room  to  the  Ki7ig's  Study,  with  scenes  from  the  story  of  Tann- 
hauser  by  Aigner;  and  thence  through  the  Stalactite  Grotto  to  the  former 
Winter  Garden,  a  balcony  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  plain.  Next 
follow  the  Sitting  Room,  with  pictures  from  the  Lohengrin  legend  by  Hau- 
schild ^  the  Dressing  Room,  with  scenes  from  the  lives  of  Walter  von  der 
Vogelweide  and  Hans  Sachs  by  Hie;  the  Gothic  Bedchamber,  with  illustra- 
tions of  the  story  of  Tristan  and  Isolde  bySpiess;  the  Orafory,  with  scenes 
from  the  life  of  Lewis  IX.  by  Hauschild  (fine  view  of  the  valley  of  the 
Pollat  from  the  balcony).  The  Dining  Hall  is  embellished  with  scenes 
from  the  Wartburg  under  the  Landgrave  Hermann,  by  F.  Piloty.  The 
ante-chamber  leads  back  to  the  landing,  whence  we  enter  the  (unfinished) 
Throne  Room,  fitted  up  in  the  Byzantine  taste,  with  pictures  by  Hauschild, 
representing  the  relations  of  monarchy  to  religion.  It  has  a  mosaic  floor 
and  an  open  loggia.  —  Aigner  has  also  adorned  the  landing  at  the  top  of 
the  staircase  on  the  fourth  floor  with  a  series  of  12  pictures  from  the 
story  of  Gndrun.  On  this  floor  is  the  'Festsaal  or  Sdngersaal  (Minstrels' 
Hall),  90  ft.  long,  with  pictures  from  Wolfram  von  Eschenbach's  'ParzivaP 
by  Spiess,  Munsch,  and  Piloty. 

A  footpath,  leaving  the  road  at  the  N.  angle  of  the  castle  and  run- 
ning under  the  N.W.  facade,  brings  us  to  the  S.W.  side,  near  which  the 
above-mentioned  bridle-path  ascends.  [Before  the  latter  is  reached,  a 
poor  footpath  descends  to  the  left  to  the  Gorge  of  the  Pollat,  where  we 
have  a  view  of  the  castle  and  of  the  Pollat  Waterfall  from  below.]  We 
ascend  by  the  bridle-path  and  in  5  min.  reach  a  point  whence  two  foot- 
paths diverge  :  one,  to  the  right,  leading  down  to  the  *Jugend,  a  clearing 
in  the  wood  commanding  a  view  of  Hohenschwangau  and  the  Alpsee,  like 
that  from  Neu-Schwanstein  (the  path  descends  still  farther  to  the  road, 
see  below) ;  the  other,  to  the  left,  ascends  to  the  *Marienbriicke,  a  hand- 
some iron  bridge  138  ft.  long,  which  boldly  spans  the  rocky  gorge  of  the 
Pollr  t  at  a  height  of  295  ft.  above  the  waterfall  and  afi"ords  the  best  view 
of  the  castle  of  Neu-Schwanstein.  —  Returning  from  the  bridge,  we  take 
the  path  to  the  left,  which  brings  us  in  4  min.  to  the  Blockenau  road, 
at  which  also  the  bridle  -  path  ends  (to  Hohenschwangau  by  this 
road  1/2  hr.). 

From  Neu-Schwanstein  a  direct  footpath  leads  to  Linderhof  (p.  212) 
in  6  hrs.  (to  the  Ammerwald  Inn,  31/2  hrs.),  through  the  Blockenau  and 
across  the  Schiitzensteig  or  Jagersteig  (4660  ft.  \  guide  unnecessary). 

To  the  Tegelberg  Alp,  3  hrs.,  a  pleasant  excursion.  We  ascend  the 
road  to  (3  M.)  the  Blockenau  (see  above),  diverging  to  the  left  at  the  'Ver- 
botener  Weg'  placard  (permission  obtained  from  the  forester)  and  ascend- 
ing in  windings  to  the  (2  hrs.)  royal  hunting-lodge  on  the  Tegelberg  Alp, 
which  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  mountain  and  plain.  Hence  to  the 
top  of  the  Tegelberg  {Br  andschrofen,b^2b  a.),  marked  by  a  cross,  in20-30min. 
more  (guide  convenient  for  the  inexperienced). 

Other  excursions  {Sdiili/ig,  Schlicke,  etc.),  see  Baedeker's  Eastern  Alps. 


206     Route  31.  REUTTE. 

PEDESTRiA>fS  proceeding  from  HoJieiiseluvangau  to  Reiitte  (8M,) 
need  not  return  to  Fiissen,  but  may  either  follow  the  'Fiirsten- 
Strasse'  (p.  204)  high  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Alpsee,  or  the  good 
path  past  the  'Pindar-Platz'  (p.  204),  to  the  end  of  the  lake,  and 
then  return  to  the  road.  We  pass  the  (i^/^  M.)  Austrian  frontier- 
station  and  descend  in  windings,  turning  to  the  left  at  the  (V4hr.) 
Schluxenwirth  (good  wine)  and  following  the  Pinswang  road  to  (3  M.) 
Pflach  (see  below). 

The  Road  from  Fiissen  to  (91/4  M.)  Reutte  leads  up  the  right 
bank  of  the  Lech  to  (7  min.)  a  narrow  ravine  (on  the  left  bank  a 
bust  of  KingMaxII, ;  on  the  right  bank  a  war-monument).  We  then 
cross  the  (5  min.)  Schwarzbrilcke  (p.  203)  and  reacb  the  Austrian 
frontier  at  the  (10  min.)  Weisshaus  (good  wine).  The  main  road  then 
crosses  the  Lech  by  the  (l^  4M.)  JJlrichs-Brucke^  passes  Musau  and 
the  RossschUig Pass,  and  at  ZJnterldtzen,  shortly  before  reaching  (5M.) 
Pflach  (2745  ft. ;  Schwan),  recrosses  to  the  right  bank.  Pedestrians 
will  find  it  shorter  and  pleasanter  to  diverge  to  the  left  before  reach- 
ing the  Uliichs-Briicke,  and  proceed  by  Pinswang  and  the  Kniepass 
(3030  ft.),  a  rocky  barrier  narrowly  confining  the  Lech,  to  (4Y2M.) 
Pflacli.  P>eyond  Pflach  the  Arch-Bach,  issuing  from  the  Plansee,  is 
crossed  (see  below).  Then  (2^/4  M.)  — 

321/2  M.  Eeutte  (2795  ft.;  Post,  R.  70  kr.-l  fi.  20  kr.,  D.  Ifl.; 
Hirschj  Krone;  ^Aclier,  plain;  Glocke;  Mohren,  well  spoken  of),  a 
small  town  in  the  bed  of  an  ancient  lake,  intersected  by  the  Lech, 
and  surrounded  by  lofty  mountains:  N.  the  Sduling  and  Diirreberg, 
E.  the  Zwieselberg  and  Tauern,  S.  the  Axljoch,  Thaneller,  and 
Schlossherg,  S.W.  the  Schwarzhanskarkopf,  W.  the  Gachtspitz,  Gem- 
spitz,  and  Gimpel. 

At  the  church  of  Breitenwang,  1/2  M.  to  the  E.  of  Reutte,  is  a  mon- 
ument to  the  Emp.  Lothaire,  who  died  here  in  1137,  on  his  return  from 
Italy.  The  mortuary  chapel  contains  a  Dance  of  Death  in  relief.  About 
3/4  M.  farther  on,  at  the  foot  of  the  Tauern,  is  Bad  Erekelmoos,  with 
mineral  springs. 

To  the  -'Stuihen  Falls,  a  pleasant  walk  of  2-2V2  hrs.,  there  and  back. 
We  follow  the  field-path,  crossing  the  Arch  above  Miihl  and  recrossing  to 
the  left  bank  at  the  (V2  hr.)  paper-factory,  and  then  follow  the  'Hermann- 
steig'  along  the  river  (numerous  rhododendrons)  to  the  (1/2  hr.)  "Lower 
Stuiben  Fall,  a  cascade  100  ft.  in  height,  finely  framed  with  trees.  A  foot- 
path (finger-post)  ascends  hence  to  the  right  to  the  road  to  Reutte,  which 
is  3  M.  distant.  Those  who  are  bound  for  the  Plansee  ascend  the  left 
bank  of  the  Arch  to  the  (Vi  hr.)  smaller  Upper  Fall,  and  turning  to  the 
right  regain  the  (4  min.)  road  near  a  small  chapel  (p.  213),  10  min.  from 
the  Little  Plansee. 

From  Reutte  to  Linderhof  and  Partenkiixhen,  see  R.  83.  Upper  Lech- 
(hal,FassGacht,  and  vmTannheim.  to  Immenstadt,  see  Baedeker'' s  Eastern  Alps. 

Fkom  Reutte  to  Imst  (35  M.),  diligence  twice  daily  in  10  hrs.  The 
road  passes  the  (2  M.)  Ehrenherger  Klause,  a  defile  formerly  defended  by 
a  castle  (now  in  ruins),  and  leads  via  (3  M.)  Eeiterwang  and  (3  M.)  Bichel- 
hach  to  (5V2  M.)  Lermoos  (3245  ft.;  "Drei  Mohren;'Post),  a  village  situated 
in  a  wide  green  valley,  from  which  on  the  E.  rise  the  barren  rocky  walls 
of  the  imposing  Welterstein  Chain,  culminating  in  the  Zugspttze  (9725  ft.) 
to  the  N.  (To  Partenkirchen  via  Griesen,  see  p.  210.)  The  road  to  Nasse- 
leit,   the  finest   mountain-pass  between  Bavaria  and  Tyrol,  should  be  tra- 


MUUNAU.  :iJ.  Route.     207 

versed  on  foot  (4  hrs.)  or  in  an  open  carriage  (from  Lermoo3  to  Nassereit 
4V-/)  vvitli  two  horses  T'/z  fl.).  Beyond  (I1/2  M.)  Bihevwier  it  ascends,  pass- 
ing the  Weissensee  (leftj  and  the  beautiful  Blindsee  (right),  to  the  (5  M.) 
Fern  Pass  (3970  ft. ;  poor  Inn),  and  descends  in  wide  curves,  which  pedes- 
trians may  avoid  by  short-cuts.  In  the  bottom  of  the  valley  we  pass  the 
picturesque  castle  of  Fernstein,  on  the  right;  at  its  base  is  the  Fernsldn 
Inn^  containing  two  rococo  rooms  fitted  up  by  King  Lewis  II.  (ndni.  1^//). 
To  the  left,  the  ruins  of  the  Sif/mundshnvg  rise  from  the  small,  wood-girt 
Fenislein  Lake,  the  outlet  of  which  we  cross  by  a  stone  bridge.  At(5V4M.) 
Nassereit  (27G5ft. ;  -Post)  the  road  divides,  the  right  branch  leading  through 
the  Owgler-Thal  to  {^^jz^l.)  Imst^  while  the  left  branch  (preferable)  crosses 
the  saddle  of  Obsteig  to  the  E.  and  leads  via  06er- J//e?/wn^  (2840  ft. ;  *Post) 
to  (13V-J  M.)  Telfs.     For  details,  see  BaecM-er's  Eastern  Alps. 

32.  From  Munich  to  Partenkirchen  and  Mittenwald. 

Comp.  Maps,  pp.  194,  202,  208. 

72  M.  From  ^lunich  to  Partenkirchen,  62  M.,  Eailway  in  3-4  hrs.  (fares 
6  Ji,  3  Ji  ^b  pf.);  from  Partenkirchen  to  Mittenwald,  iO  M.,  Diligknce 
twice  daily  in  2i/-2  hrs. ;  carriage  with  one  horse  10,  with  two  horses  14  JL 

Beyond  (331/2  M.)  Weilheim  (p.  197)  the  train  diverges  to  the 
left  from  the  Peissenherg  line,  and  traverses  the  wide  valley  of  the 
Ammer.  36  M.  Polling;  39  M.  Huglfing ;  431/2  M.  L'ffing.  The  line 
runs  at  some  distance  from  the  E.  bank  of  the  Staffelsee  ('2160  ft.), 
with  its  islands,  passing  the  villages  of  Rieden  and  Seehausen^  to  — 

47  M.  Murnau  (2265  ft. ;  Restaurant),  at  the  S.E.  end  of  the 
Staffelsee,  and  105  ft.  above  it.  {^'Curhaus  Staffelsee,  with  chalybeate 
springs,  on  the  lake,  1/2  M.  from  the  railway-station ;  '''Fuchs,  mod- 
erate; good  baths  in  the  lake.)  About  2/4  M.  from  the  station  and 
the  lake  is  the  prettily-situated  village  of  Murnau  ('-^'Post;  '-^Pantl- 
hrdu;  '■''Griesbrdu;  Zacherlbrdu ;  Angerhrdu).  The  Vier  Linden  (lime- 
trees),  to  the  W,,  and  the  Asamshbhe  (with  tower  60  ft.  high),  com- 
mand a  *View  of  the  mountains  (left  the  Ueimgarten,  Kistenkopf, 
and  Krottenkopf;  right  the  Ammergau  Mts.;  in  the  background  of 
the  Loisach-Thal  the  Wetterstein  range). 

To  the  W.  of  Murnau  a  road  (diligence  dailv)  crosses  the  hills  between 
the  Staffelsee  and  the  Mumauer  Moos  to  (9  M.)  Kohlgrub  (2690  ft. ;  Adler) ; 
V2  M.  to  the  S.W.  is  the  chalybeate  bath  and  health-resort  of  the  same 
name  (2850ft;  "Citrhaus,  pens,  ^-i'^j-z  Jl ;  '-Hdt.-Pens.  Lindensc/ilusschen, 
with  shady  grounds;  "Hot. -Pens.  Hinterlinderhof),  at  the  N.  base  of  the 
Hornle  (5135  ft.).  The  road  goes  on  via  Saulgrub  to  (15  M.)  Ohcr- Ammergau 
(p.  212).  "Walkers  to  Ammergau  save  1/2  hr.  by  following  from  the  baths 
the  direct  path,  which  strikes  the  Ammergau  road  at  Wuvmesau. 

The  railway  descends  in  a  wide  curve  to  (491/2  M.)  Hecliendorf 
(2040  ft.),  crosses  the  Ramsau  and  the  Loisach  and  proceeds  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  broad  and  marshy  Loisach  valley  to  (52  M.)  Ohlstadt, 
situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Heimgarten  (5870  ft.).  The  Loisach  is 
crossed  before  (54  M.)  Eschenlohe  (Altwirth),  where  the  valley  con- 
tracts ;  to  the  left  rise  the  roof-shaped  Kistenkopf  and  the  Hochriess- 
kopf ;  in  the  background  the  imposing  Wetterstein  range  with  the 
Zugspitze ;  on  the  right  the  Ettaler  Mandl.  —  57  M.  Oberau  (2180  ft. ; 
*Post)  is  the  station  for  Ob er- Ammergau,  Linderhof^  the  Plansee, 
etc.  (comp.  R.  33). 


208   Route  3-2.  PARTENKIRCHEN.  From  Munich 

Beyond  (60  M.)  Farchant  the  broad  basin  of  Partenkirchen  opens 
to  the  S.  On  the  left  is  the  Kuhflucht.  a  gorge  with  waterfalls,  descend- 
ing from  the  Hohe  Fricken.  Fine  view  of  the  Wetterstein  range  from 
the  Dreithorspitze  to  the  Zugspitze.  The  train  again  crosses  the 
Loisach.  62  M.  Garmisch- Partenkirchen  (2295  ft.),  1/2  M.  from  the 
villages  of  those  names  (*Bayerischer  Hof;  Hot,  &  CafeBaner,  with 
baths;  Zum  Werdenfelser  Michl,  second-class,  all  at  the  station). 

Partenkirclien.  —  Hotels.  Post,  R.  2-4  Jl,  B.  70,  omn.  50  pf.; 
Stern,  R.  from  2,  B.  1,  pens.  G  Jl ;  Bellevue,  in  an  open  situation  above 
the  village,  E.  2,  B.  1,  D.  2,  pens.  6  J( ;  *Kaixzenbad,  see  p.  210-,  Baum- 
GABTNEK,  moderate-,  Zuii  Rassen  ;  Melbee,  well  spoken  of;  Weeden- 
FELSEE  Hof,  Pischl,  unpretending.  —  Pensions.  Schweizerhatis,  5-6  Jl ; 
Panorama,  above  St.  Anton,  with  cafe  and  attractive  view,  etc.  —  Private 
Apartments  numerous;  apply  at  Th.  RiedFs  book-shop.  —  Engl.  Church 
Service  in  summer, 

Partenkirchen  (2350  ft.),  a  favourite  summer-resort,  is  beautifully 
situated  at  the  base  of  the  Eckenberg,  a  spur  of  the  Krottenkopf. 
Handsome  modern  Gothic  church  (1865-71) ;  new  Protestant  church, 
near  the  station.  A  visit  may  be  paid  to  the  school  of  carving  and 
design,  on  the  way  to  Garmisch.  Good  photographs  sold  by  Johannes. 

Garmisch.  —  Hotels.  *Westeemeiek  zum  Husarex,  R.  1V2-3,  pens. 
G-SJl;  Post;  *Lamm,  pens.  4  Ji^,-  *Reisee  zue  Zugspitze;  *Deei  Moheek; 
Colosseum,  with  theatre  and  concert  room,  R.  1-1 V2,  pens,  from  B^lzJl; 
Kainzenfeanz.  —  *H6t.  Riesseebauee (see  below).  —  Pensions.  FiWa  Sophia ; 
Malerheim;  Hohenleitner,  etc. 

Garmisch  (2290  ft.),  a  thriving  village  1  M.  to  the  W.  of  Parten- 
kirchen, with  picturesque  old  houses,  the  seat  of  the  district-court, 
is  another  favourite  resort.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  village  is  the 
Wittelsbach  Park,  with  a  bust  of  Prince-Regent  Luitpold. 

Carriages  are  to  be  obtained  at  both  Garmisch  and  Partenkirchen  and 
at  the  railway-station.  One-horse  carr.  to  the  Badersee  6,  two-horse  10  Jf, 
two-horse  carr.  to  Walchensee  (33/4  hrs.)  20,  Ober-Ammergau  20,  Lermoos 
20,  Reutte  30,  Imat  via  Lermoos  55  Jf.  (The  driver  expects  a  fee  of  10  pf. 
for  each  mark  of  the  fare.) 

ExcuEsioxs  (for  details,  see  Baedeker's  Eastern  Alps).  Finest  *View 
from  the  pilgrimage-church  of  St.  Anton  (2400  ft.),  to  which  a  shady  path 
ascends  in  10  min.  from  Partenkirchen.  The  peaks,  from  left  to  right, 
are  the  Wetterwand,  Dreithorspitze,  Alpspitze,  Waxenstein  (behind  it  the 
Zugspitze),  the  pointed  Upsberg  (in  the  distance,  beyond  the  Eibsee-Thorlen) ; 
to  the  right  the  Kramer,  in  the  foreground  Garmisch. 

Faukenschlucht.  Beyond  Partenkirchen  a  path  ascends  to  the  E,  to 
the  ravine,  and  then  leads  on  ita  right  side  to  the  (20  min.)  waterfall  of 
the  Faiikenbach.  Through  the  Faukenschlucht  to  the  (3/4  hr.)  Lukas  Terrasse 
(fine  view  of  the  villages  and  mountains)  and  thence  back  in  1/2  hr,  via 
the  Schalmei-Schlucht. 

The  *Riesserbauer  (25S5  ft.)  is  a  good  point  of  view,  1/2  hr.  from  Garmisch, 
From  the  post-office  we  croas  the  meadows  towards  the  S.W.,  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Riesserkopf  (3690  ft.),  a  wooded  height  immediately  below  the 
Alpspitze.  The  charming  little  'Eiesser-See  (boating ;  baths)  lies  in  a  hollow 
behind  the  *Inn  (also  Pension),  in  the  direction  of  the  mountain. 

'Partnachklamm  and  *Vorder-Graseck  (I1/4  hr. ;  guide  unnecessary). 
After  following  the  Kainzenbad  road  (p.  210)  to  the  S.  of  Partenkirchen 
(see  below)  for  about  60  paces,  we  turn  to  the  right  at  a  finger-post,  and  in 
1/2  hr.  reach  the  first  bridge,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Partnach  Valley.  (From 
the  station  of  Garmisch-Partenkirchen  a  good,  and  in  part  shady  footpath, 
turning  to  the  left  at  the  Hotel  Bauer,  leads  along  the  bank  of  the  Part- 
nach,   joining   the  route  from  Partenkirchen  about   10  min.   before   the 


tit 


'A 


^  _^^J.    u   .,    T- 


to  Mittenu-ald.  EIBSEE.  32.  Route.   209 

above-mentioned  bridge  is  reached.)  Beyond  the  bridge  a  finger-poet  in- 
dicates our  path  to  the  left  ('nach  Graseck');  after  1/4  hr.  we  cross  the 
stream  by  a  second  bridge,  beyond  which  the  road  to  Graseck  ascends 
abruptly  to  the  left,  while  the  path  to  the  'Klamm\  or  gorge,  leads  to  the 
right;  6  min.,  third  bridge.  The  (10  min.)  fourth  (iron)  bridge  (Klamm- 
hriicke),  50  ft.  long  and  220  ft.  above  the  Partnach,  is  the  finest  point. 
Beyond  the  bridge  the  path  ascends  in  10  min.  to  the  forester's  house 
of  Vordev-Oruseck  (2920  ft.  5  "Restaurant),  where  a  fine  view  is  enjoyed.  — 
A  narrow  path  (Trifticeg)^  constructed  for  the  use  of  the  'lumberers'  and 
diverging  to  the  left  before  the  third  bridge,  leads  along  the  bottom  of 
the  gorge,  close  to  the  water,  revealing  the  grandeur  of  the  ravine  to 
great  advantage.  It  is  provided  at  places  with  wire-ropes  and  is  quite 
safe  for  those  reasonably  free  from  giddiness.  The  best  plan  to  see  the 
ravine  is  to  follow  the  upper  path  to  Graseck,  descend  thence  into  the 
Partnach  valley,  and  return  by  the  path  at  the  bottom  of  the  gorge  (in 
all  3  hrs.  from  Partenkircben).  —  From  Graseck  to  Mittenwald  via 
Elmau,  31/2-0  hrs.,  a  much  better  route  for  pedestrians  than  the  high-road 
(p.  210).  From  the  forester's  house  we  ascend  the  pastures  for  a  short 
distance,  and  then  turn  to  the  right.  After  20  min.  we  go  straight  on  fnot 
to  the  right  to  Mittel- Graseck)  to  (10  min.)  Hinter-Graseck ;  3/4  hr.,  bridge 
over  the  Ferchenbach;  then  for  !/<  ^^-  straight  on  through  the  wood,  and 
down  to  (7  min.)  Elmau  (3345  ft. ;  Inn).  From  this  point  a  road  ascends 
slowly,  at  first  through  wood  but  afterwards  shadeless,  to  (4V2  M.)  the 
Ferchen-^ee,  and  theu  descends,  past  the  Lauter-See,  to  (3  M.)  Mittenicald 
(p.  210).  —  From  Elmau  to  the  Schachen  (31/2  hrs.),  see  p.  210. 

The  "Eckbauer  (4062  ft.).  We  may  either  follow  a  steep  marked  path 
from  the  Kainzenbad  in  li  2-2  hrs.,  or  take  another  steep  path  (also  marked, 
usually  shady  in  the  afternoon)  from  Graseck  (see  above),  which  turns  to 
the  left  at  a  (V4  hr.)  finger-post,  ascends  the  grassy  slopes  in  windings, 
passes  through  wood,  and  reaches  the  Eckbauer  in  ^/i  hr.  {Inn  ,  with 
6  rooms).  The  top  of  the  hill,  2  min.  beyond  the  house,  commands  an 
admirable  panorama  of  the  mountains  :  Karwendelgebirge,  Wettersteinwand, 
Dreithorspitze  with  the  Schachenalp  and  Frauenalple,  Alpspitze,  Zugspitze, 
Kramer,  and  Krottenkopf;  below  lies  the  deep,  wooded  valley  of  the 
Ferchenbach. 

Schlattan  and  Gschwandner  Bauer  (2^/4  hrs.).  From  Partenkircben 
we  ascend  to  the  right  through  the  Bremstall-Wald  (finger-post)  to  (13/*  hr.) 
the  Schlattan  Reataiirant,  and  thence  via  Hofle  to  the  (V-'  hr.)  Gschwandner 
Bauer  (3345  ft.;  *Inn,  rustic),  which  aiTords  a  fine  view  of  the  Wetterstein 
and  Karwendel  ranges.  We  may  return  by  the  Mittenwald  road  (shady 
in  the  evening). 

*Badersee  (2720  ft.;  41/2  M.  from  Garmisch ;  omnibus  twice  daily  from 
Partenkircben  in  IV2  hr.,  starting  at  7.30  a.m.  and  2  p.m.,  returning  at 
noon  and  6  p.m.;  fare  1  Jl,  return  1  J/  80  pf.).  The  road  diverges  to  the 
left  from  that  to  Lermoos,  a  few  hundred  yards  beyond  the  (2V2  31.)  Schmeh 
(Inn),  and  leads  via  Vnter-Grainan  ('Inn)  to  the  small,  emerald-green  lake, 
1  M.  round  and  60  ft.  deep.  The  'Hdtel- Pension  Schd/ter  (pens.  61/2  J/),  on 
its  bank,  is  pleasant  for  a  prolonged  stay.  —  Road  hence  to  the  (3  M.) 
Eibsee  (see  below). 

The  *Eibsee  (3145  ft.),  7  M.  from  Garmisch,  is  reached  by  the  road 
via  Unter-Grainau  (omnibus  from  the  Post  at  Partenkircben  twice  daily 
in  21/2  hrs.,  returning  in  2  hrs. ;  fare  each  way  IV2  M)  ;  or,  from  Garmisch, 
by  the  path  to  the  left  at  the  W.  end  of  the  village,  which  leads  across 
meadows  to  (l''4hr.)  Oher-Oramau  (2480  ft.;  Wackerl's  Inn),  and  thence 
to  (11/4  hr.)  the  lake.  The  Eibsee,  3  M.  long,  2  M.  wide,  and  90  ft.  deep, 
has  seven  small  islands  and  is  enclosed  by  dark,  wooded  hills,  above  which 
tower  the  enormous  rocky  walls  of  the  Zugspitze  {-Terne^s  Inn,  with 
veranda,  boats,  and  baths,  R.  1V2-2,  pens.  5-6  J/).  Travellers  are  rowed 
(.50  pf.  each)  to  the  Ludicigs-Insel  in  the  middle  of  the  lake,  where  the 
echoes  are  awakened  by  a  shot  (50  pf.).  The  huge  Zugspitze  is  seen  to  great 
advantage  from  the  lake,  but  on  summer  afternoons  is  usually  shrouded 
in  clouds. 

The  »Krottenkopf  (6880  ft.;  5  hrs.;  guide  41/2,  if  a  night  is  spent,  7  J[)- 

Baedeker''s  S.  Germany.     8th  Edit.  14 


210    Route  32.  MITTENWALD. 

A  marked  bridle-path  leads  from  Partenkirchen  via  St.  Anton,  passing  the 
parsonage,  to  the  (2  hrs.)  Esterberg-See  (generally  dry  in  summer)  and  the 
(10  min.)  Esterberg-Bauer  (1335  ft. ;  poor  inn).  Bridle-path  thence,  steep  and 
stony  at  places,  through  the  hollow  between  the  Bischof  and  the  Krotten- 
kopf  to  the  (21/4  hrs.)  Krottenkopf  Club-Hut  (6450  ft.;  Inn  in  summer),  on 
the  saddle  between  the  Krottenkopf  and  the  Oberrisskopf,  and  to  (25  min.) 
the  top  (pavilion;  fine  -View). 

■Konigshaus  am  Schachen  (6125  ft.;  5V'2-6hrs.;  guide,  41/2  ^/,  unneces- 
sary). We  follow  the  Triftweg  (p.  209)  through  the  Partnachklamm  in  I1/4  hr. 
to  the  bridge  over  the  Fevchenbach ,  the  left  bank  of  which  we  skirt  to 
(3/4  hr.)  the  Steilenfdlle  (sometimes  dry).  The  path  then  ascends  rapidly 
to  the  right  through  the  Wetfersteinwald  to  a  small  shrine,  turns  to  the 
left,  and  crosses  a  clearing  after  a  few  minutes,  from  which  a  broad  path 
through  the  wood  leads  past  the  Wetterstein-Alp  (4820  ft.;  rfmts.),  to  the 
{^6  hrs.)  Schachen- Alp.  with  the  small  Schachen-, See,  and  (3  +  hr.)  the  Konigs- 
haus, built  by  King  Lewis  II.  and  containing  a  sumptuous  room  in  the 
Oriental  style  (adm.  1  Jl ;  Restaurant,  with  14  beds).  The  Belvedere,  a  few 
hundred  paces  to  the  W.,  on  the  brink  of  the  abyss,  commands  a  magni- 
ficent *View  of  the  Reinthal  below  us,  with  the  Plattach-Ferner,  Schnee- 
fernerkopf,  and  Wetterspitzen,  the  Hochblassen  to  the  right,  and  (to  the  S.) 
the  Dreithorspitze  and  Wettersteiu.  To  the  N.  stretches  the  vast  Bavarian 
plain.  —  From  Elmau  (p.  209)  a  good  bridle-path  (driving  practicable,  but 
not  agreeable;  carr.  and  pair  for  2  pers.  15,  for  8  pers.  18  Jl)  ascends  to 
the  Schachen-Alp  in  31/2  hrs. 

Longer  Excdksioxs  {Hollenthal-Klamm,  Rainthal  and  Blaue  Gumpen^ 
Alpspitze,  Zugspitze,  etc.),  see  Baedelcer''s  Eastern  Alps. 

To  Lermoos  (p.  206),  18M.,  by  a  good  road  through  the  wooded  Loisach- 
Thal  (omn.  daily  in  33/4  hrs.;  carr.  10-12  Jl).  At  (10  M.)  the  frontier-inn 
at  Griesen  (p.  212)  we  turn  to  the  left  (to  the  right  the  road  to  the  Plansee, 
p.  212),  cross  the  Austrian  frontier,  and  proceed  via  the  (31/2  M.)  old  Ehr- 
walder  Schanze  (2950  ft. ;  Neuner's  Inn)  to  (41/4  M.)  Lermoos  (p.  206).  —  A 
shorter,  but  unattractive  path  leads  from  the  Eib.*ee  over  the  Thorlen 
(5230  ft.)  to  Ehrwald  and  (31/2  hrs.)  Lermoos. 

The  road  to  Mittenwald  (diligences,  etc.,  see  p.  207)  begins  to 
ascend  at  once.  To  the  right  in  the  valley,  1  M.  from  Partenkirchen, 
lies  the  Kainzen-Bad  (*Inn,  pens.  6  Ji),  ^vith  a  spring  containing 
iodine,  natron,  and  sulphur,  used  as  a  remedy  for  gout  and  cu- 
taneous diseases.  On  the  top  of  the  hill,  the  road  traverses  undu- 
lating pastures ;  on  the  right  rises  the  Wetterstein,  and  in  front  are 
the  bold  peaks  of  the  Karwendel  range.  SVo  M.  Kaltenbrunn ;  2  M. 
Gerold  (on  the  left  the  small  Wagenbrech-See)  i  l^/o  M.  KLais. 

To  the  left,  a  road  diverges  here  to  the  (IV2  M.)  Barmsee  (3070  ft.), 
a  pretty  little  lake  embosomed  in  wood  (fine  view  from  the  -Inn).  The 
lake  affords  boating  and  bathing,  and  there  are  pleasant  walks  on  its 
banks.     Remains  of  lake-dwellings  have  been  discovered  here. 

The  road  passes  the  small  and  marshy  Schmalsee,  and  winds 
down  into  the  Isar-Thal,  where  it  unites  with  the  road  from  Benedikt- 
beuern  and  Walchensee  (p.  214).    Then  (4  M.)  — 

10  M.  Mittenwald  (3020  ft.;  Post,  with  clever  animal-paintings 
by  Paul  Meyerheim  in  the  veranda;  Zum  Karwendel;  Zum  Wetter- 
stein. plain;  Pension  Villa  Neuner),  the  last  Bavarian  village 
(1750  inhab.),  overshadowed  by  the  precipitous  Karwendel-Gebirge 
(7825  ft.).  The  manufacture  of  violins  and  guitars,  which  are  chiefly 
exported  to  England  and  America,  forms  the  main  occupation  of  the 
inhabitants.  A  bronze  statue  of  Michael  Klotz  (d.l743),  who  intro- 
duced the  violin-industry,  has  been  erected  in  front  of  the  church. 


ORER-AMMERGAU.  33.  Route.    211 

ExcCRsioNs.  To  the  "Lauler-See  (3365  ft.),  3^  hr.,  and  the  Ferchen-See 
(3400  ft.),  V2  hr-  farther  up  (see  p.  209);  to  the  V/o//e  Kramberg  (4525  ft.), 
IV'2  hr.  (splendid  view);  to  the  ~Leuiasch-Klamin,  near  the  Scharnitz  road 
(see  below;  IV2  hr.  there  and  back);  Barmsee  (p.  210),  I'/'^hr. ;  Leutasch 
Valley^  Vereins-Alpe^   Karwendel-Spitze,  etc.,   see   Baedeker^s  Eastern  Alps. 

From  Mittexwald  to  Zikl,  16  M.,  diligence  daily  in  31/2  hrs.  (carriage 
with  one  horse  17,  with  two  horses  22  Jl).  The  road  crosses  the  Isar 
(before  the  bridge,  to  the  right,  the  path  to  the  Leutasch -Klamm^  see 
above)  and  traverses  the  level  bottom  of  the  valley  as  far  as  the  (3  M.) 
Defile  of  Scharnitz,  the  boundary  between  Bavaria  and  Tyrol,  formerly 
protected  by  a  strong  fortress  which  was  completely  destroyed  by  the 
French  in  1805.  Beyond  the  adjacent  village  of  Scharnitz  (3160  ft.;  Adler) 
the  road  quits  the  Isar  and  ascends  to  the  left  to  (9V2  M.)  Seefeld  (3860  ft. ; 
'Fost),  a  summer- resort  beautifully  situated  on  the  watershed  between 
the  Isar  and  Inn.  It  then  leads  past  the  small  Wildsee  to  (I2V2  M.)  Keith, 
beyond  which  it  descends  via  Leiten  in  wide  curves,  affording  magnificent 
views  of  the  Inn  valley  and  the  Tyrolese  Alps,  to  (16  M.)  Zirl  (see  Baedeker^s 
Eastern  Alps). 

33.  From  Munich  to  Ober-Ammergau  and  via  Linderhof 
to  Reutte-Hohenschwangau. 

Comp.  Map,  p.  202. 
Railway  to  (57  M.)  Oberau  in  3-3'/.;  hrs. ;  from  Oberau  to  Ober-Ammergau, 
6y2  M.  (on  foot  2-2i/''i  hrs.),  to  Linderhof  direct  8V2  M.,  via  Ober-Ammergau 
I3V2  M.  (on  foot  4  hrs.).  —  Omnibus  from  Oberau  via  Linderhof  to  Hohen- 
schwangau  daily  in  12'  '2  hrs.,  starting  at  7.30  a.m. ;  returning  from  Hohen- 
schwangau  at  1  p.m.  (night  spent  at  Linderhof)  and  reaching  Oberau  at 
2.30  p.m. ;  fare  7  Jl.  —  Carriage  from  Oberau  to  Uber-Ammergau  with  one 
horse  10,  with  two  horses  \b  Jl ;  to  Linderhof  IS  and  30,  to  Reutte  30  and 
40,  to  Fussen-Hohenschwangau  36  and  50  Jl.  —  Railway  Circular  Tickets 
may  be  obtained  from  Munich  to  Oberau  and  from  Fiissen  back  to  Munich 
via  Oberdorf  (2nd  cl.  12  Jl,  3rd  cl.  7  .//  50  pf.). 

From  Municli  to  (57  M.)  Oberau,  see  p.  207.  The  road  to  C^ber- 
Ammergau  leads  to  the  W..  passing  the  Untermberg  Inn  (V2  ^I-  from 
the  station),  crosses  the  Giessenbach,  and  ascends,  at  first  in  a  wide 
sweep  to  the  right,  along  the  N.  side  of  a  wooded  gorge.  At  the 
bottom  of  the  valley  runs  the  steep  old  road,  which  is  shorter  for 
walkers.  The  upper  end  of  the  gorge  is  closed  by  the  Ettaler  Berg, 
which  the  new  road  skirts,  while  the  old  road  climbs  over  it.  3  M. 
Ettal  (2880  ft.;  Landes,  moderate),  a  convent  founded  by  Emp. 
Lewis  the  Bavarian  in  1330,  dissolved  in  1803.  rebuilt  after  a  fire 
in  1844,  and  now  the  property  of  Count  Pappenheim.  The  church, 
with  a  massive  dome,  was  built  in  the  Gothic  style  by  Emp.  Lewis, 
but  was  remodelled  in  the  baroque  style  in  the  ISth  cent. ;  it  contains 
frescoes  by  Knoller  and  a  famous  organ.  On  the  N.  side  is  a  brewery 
of  local  repute.  The  village  lies  at  the  base  of  the  Ettaler  Mandl 
(5385  ft.),  a  rocky  peak,  the  ascent  of  which  is  difficult  (21/.2-3  hrs., 
with  guide). 

About  3/4  M.  farther  on  the  road  forks,  the  left  branch  leading 
direct  to  (41/.)  M.)  Linderhof,  the  right  to  (2V4  M.)  Ober-Ammergau 
(2760  ft.;  "-'AltePost  ovSchivabenwirth;WUtelsbach€r  Hof;  Stern,  and 
others),  celebrated  for  the  passion  plays  performed  here  every  ten 
years  (1890,  1900,  etc.).    Wood  and  ivory  carving  is  the  chief  occu- 

14* 


212    Rouie  33.  LINDERHOF. 

pation  of  the  inhabitants.  —  About  1/4  hr.  to  the  W.,  on  the  Oster- 
biihl^  at  the  base  of  the  Kofel  (3545  ft.),  stands  the  ^Crucifixion,  a 
colossal  group  in  Kelheim  sandstone,  executed  by  Halbig,  and  pre- 
sented by  King  LeA%-is  II.  in  1875. 

From  Ober-Ammergau  a  road  runs  to  the  N.,  througli  the  monotonous 
and  at  places  marshy  Ammer-Thal,  via  (3  31.)  Unter-Ammergau  (2655  ft. ; 
Schuhwirth;  Rabe)  and  Wurmesau^  to  (4'/2  31.)  Sanlgruh.  Thence  either 
to  the  X.  via  Rottenhuch  to  (15  31)  Peissenberg  (p.  197),  or  to  the  E.  via 
Kohlgrul  (p.  207)  to  (10  31.)  Murnau  (p.  207). 

The  Road  from  Obbr-Ammergau  to  (9  M.)  Lindbrhof  diver- 
ges to  the  right  at  the  S,  end  of  the  village  from  the  road  to  Ettal 
(p.  2113,  and  unites  21/4  M.  farther  on  with  the  direct  Oberau  and 
Ettal  road  (p.  211).  21/4  M.  Graswang  (2885  ft.:  Inn),  a  village 
■with  the  Bavarian  custom-house,  beyond  which  we  ascend  through 
the  pleasant  Graswang-Thal,  or  upper  valley  of  the  Ammer;  to  the 
left  opens  the  wide  Elmauer  Gries,  above  which  peeps  the  Zugspitze. 
Just  beyond  the  (33/4  M.)  forester's  house  of  hinder  (rfmts.  and 
beds)  we  cross  the  Ammer  to  the  right  to  (1/2  M.)  the  royal  *Schloss 
Linderhof  (3080  ft.),  erected  and  splendidly  decorated  in  the  rococo 
style  by  King  Lewis  II.  in  1870-78  (adm.  from  May  1st  to  Oct.  15th 
daily,  9-5;  fee  3  Jl^  including  grotto  and  Mosque;  closed  on  June 
13th).  To  the  left  of  the  entrance  are  the  office  and  the  ^Sehloss 
Restaurant,  with  50  beds  (2-3  ^'). 

The  Vestibule  of  the  chateau  (adm.  in  parties  of  at  least  12  pers.)  contains 
an  equestrian  statue  of  Louis  XIV.,  after  Bosio.  On  the  First  Floor  is  a 
series  of  finely  fitted  up  rooms  with  paintings  of  French  celebrities  and 
events  in  the  time  of  Louis  XIV.  and  Louis  XV.  —  The  extensive  Gardens 
are  embellished  with  fountains,  statuary,  etc.,  and  contain  the  Mo7wpteros, 
a  small  temple  with  a  figure  of  Venus  (good  view),  and  the  Blue  Grotto^ 
with  a  subterranean  lake,  which  can  be  illuminated  with  electric  light. 
Near  the  grotto  is  the  Moorish  Kiosqne,  richly  gilded  and  decorated,  with 
stalactite  vaulting,  enamelled  peacocks,  etc.  Behind  the  palace  are  the 
Cascades,  where  the  fountains  play  at  noon  and  at  6  p.m.  —  A  visit  to  the 
palace  and  gardens,  including  the  grotto  and  the  kiosque,  takes  about  2  hrs. 

We  continue  to  ascend  the  finely-wooded  Ammerthal  to  the 
(41/2  M.)  Grenz-Briicke,  or  frontier  bridge,  about  V2  M.  to  the  left 
of  which  (guide-post)  is  the  Hunding-Hiitte  (3600  ft.),  a  blockhouse 
in  the  old  German  style  (comp.  Wagner's  opera  of  the  'Walkyrie'; 
adm.  daily  9-12  and  2-6,  50  pf. ;  rfmts.;  adiacent  a  hermit's  hut). 
We  then  skirt  the  N.  base  of  the  Geyerkopf  (7095  ft.),  traversing  the 
thickly  wooded  Ammerw aid- Thai,  and  reach  (3  M.)  the  Ammerwald 
Inn  (3575  ft.;  rustic),  whence  the  'Schiitzensteig'  leads  to  the  right 
to  (4  hrs.)  Hohenschwangau  (p.  205).  About  3  M.  farther  on  the 
road  emerges  from  the  wood  and  reaches  the  Great  Plansee  (3190  ft.), 
a  fine  sheet  of  water,  28/4  M.  long  by  1/4- V2  M.  broad  and  250  ft. 
deep,  enclosed  by  wooded  mountains.  On  its  bank  is  the  Austrian 
Custom-House,  near  which  is  a  monument  to  King  Max  II.  of  Bavaria 
(Forelle,  boats  for  hire,  lake-baths;  Alpenrose). 

Feom  the  Plansee  to  Partenkirchen  (15  31.)  a  narrow  road  descends 
the  wooded.  Naideracfi- Thai  to  the  (5^/2  31.)  Austrian  and  Bavarian  custom- 
house of  Oriesen  (Inn),  where  it  joins  the  road  from  Lermoos  to  Parten- 
kirchen through  the  Loisach-  Thai  (p.  210). 


BENEDIKTBEUEKN.  34.  Route.    213 

The  road  to  Reutte,  shadeless  in  the  morning,  skirts  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Plansee,  passing  the  Kaiserbrunnen.  At  the  (B^/g  M.)  W.  end 
of  the  lake,  in  the  Gschwdnd^  is  the  *Seespitz  Inn  (R.  from  60  kr.). 
Farther  on  we  pass  the  Little  Plansee,  cross  the  Arch,  which  flows 
out  of  it,  and  reach  (1  M.)  a  chapel,  near  a  good  spring. 

A  footpath  descends  hence  to  the  right,  through  wood,  to  the  Upper 
and  (20  min.)  *Lower  Siuiben  Fall,  whence  we  may  either  ascend  to  the 
left  to  (10  min.)  the  road,  or  follow  the  Hermannsteig  along  the  Arch  to 
Miihl  and  (1  hr.)  Reuite  (comp.  p.  206). 

The  road  crosses  the  Rossrucken,  affording  a  fine  view  of  the 
Lechthal,  with  the  Glimmspitze  and  Hochvogel  in  the  background. 
We  then  descend  the  slope  of  the  Tauern  (6044  ft.),  where  the  path 
from  the  lower  Stuiben  Fall  (see  above)  joins  the  road  at  a  stone 
with  an  inscription.  The  road  afterwards  proceeds  past  the  small 
bath  of  Krekelrnoos  and  via  Breitenwang  to  (41/2  M.)  Reutte  (see 
p.  206).    From  Reutte  to  Fiissen  and  Hohenschwanyau,  see  R.  31. 

34.  From  Munich  to  Mittenwald  via  Benediktbeuern. 

Kochelsee  and  Walcheusee. 

Comp.    Maps,    pp.  1^6,   214,   202. 

66V2  M.  Railway  to  Pe-mbei'g  (881/2  M.)  in  23/4  hrs.  Post  Omnibus 
twice  daily  from  Penzberg  to  (5  M.)  Benediktbeuern  in  IV4  hr.  (90  pf.)^ 
thence  to  (11  M.)  Walchensee  in  3  hrs.  (1  Jl  80  pf.);  and  thence  to  (12  M.) 
Mittenwald  in  3  hrs.  (I  ..//  80  pf.).  —  Carkiage  and  pair  from  Benedikt- 
beuern to  Walchensee,  20  Jl. 

From  Munich  to  (25  M.)  Tutzing,  see  p.  196.  —  28V2  M-  ^^ern- 
ried;  81 1/0  M.  Seeshaupt  (p.  196),  both  3/4  M.  from  the  railway.  Farther 
on,  the  country  is  uninteresting.  On  the  right  lies  the  little  Oder- 
see.  —  3oi/.2  M.  Staltach.  —  38V2  M.  Penzberg  (1980  ft. ;  Bemrieder 
Hof;  Zur  Eisenbahn).  the  terminus  of  the  railway. 

The  road  to  Kochel  crosses  the  Loisach  and  traverses  a  flat  dis- 
trict to  (41/2  ^1-)  Bichl  (*Lowe ;  Griiner  Hut),  where  it  joins  the  road 
from  Heilbrunn  (p.  216).    Then  (3/^  M.l  — 

431/2  M.  Benediktbeuern  (2025  ft.;  Post;  *Zur  Benedikten- 
icand'),  with  a  once  wealthy  and  celebrated  monastery,  founded  in 
740,  and  consecrated  by  St.  Boniface,  now  containing  a  home  for 
veteran  soldiers  and  a  stud.  To  the  E.  rises  the  Benediktenwand 
(5910  ft.;  fatiguing  ascent  of  41/2-0  hrs.,  with  guide),  to  the  S.  the 
Jochberg,  Herzogstand,  and  Heimgarten. 

Beyond  Benediktbeuern  the  road  skirts  the  E.  side  of  an  exten- 
sive marsh,  and  leads  via  Ried  and  Besenbach  along  the  Rohrsee  (N. 
end  of  the  Kochelsee)  to  (48  M.)  Kochel  (Abenthum,  moderate), 
which  is  separated  by  a  hill  from  (3/4  M.)  the  lake  (*Bad  Kochel, 
with  a  chalybeate  spring  and  grounds  on  the  lake,  R.  IV/2  «//;  Pens. 
Natalie,  also  on  the  lake).  The  Kochelsee  (1970  ft.),  33/4  M.  long 
and  21/2  M.  broad,  is  fed  by  the  Loisach,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Jochberg,  Herzogstand,  and  Heimgarten.  The  pavilion  near 
Bad  Kochel  affords  a  good  view. 


214    Route  34.  WALCHENSEE. 

On  the  opposite  bank  of  the  lake  lies  Schlehdorf  (Inn  ztim  Herzogen- 
stand),  31/2  tr,?.  from  stat.  Murnau  (p.  207)  and  3  hrs.  from  stat.  Penzberg 
(omnibuses  from  both  stations).  The  "Herzogstand  (see  below)  may  be 
ascended  hence  in  4  hrs.  by  an  attractive  route.  We  follow  the  marked 
path  along  the  lake  for  i/i  lir.,  then  ascend  (guide-post)  via  the  Jochplatte 
to  the  (1  hr.)  Untermter  Alp  (about  2S50  ft.),  whence  the  Flonier-Weg, 
constructed  in  1892  by  the  1st  Battalion  of  Pioneers,  gradually  ascends 
through  wood,  crossing  several  streams,  and  commanding  beautiful  views 
of  the  Kochelsee  and  the  plain.  At  (IV4  hr.)  the  Schlehdorfer  Alpl  we  join 
the  bridle-path  ascending  from  Urfeld;  thence  to  the  top,  see  below.  — 
From  Schlehdorf  ferry  in  Vsl"'-,  passing  the  Nase.,  which  rises  perpendic- 
ularly from  the  lake,  to  the  Miiller  am  Joch  (Inn),  at  the  foot  of  the  Kessel- 
herg.    Footpath  thence  to  the  (20  min.)  Kesselberg  Inn. 

About  1  M.  "beyond  Kochel,  at  the  *Kneipp-Bad  Kochelsee,  the 
new  road  approaches  the  lake,  and  skirts  it,  passing  the  Inn  zum 
Grauen  Bclren,  to  the  (20  min.)  Kesselberg  Inn  (ferry  to  Bad  Kochel 
80  pf. ;  good  echo  on  the  lake).  It  then  ascends  in  easy  windings  to 
the  pass  of  the  Kesselberg  (2825  ft.).  To  the  right  of  the  road  are 
the  pretty  falls  of  the  Kesselbach.,  along  which  a  path  cutting  off  an 
angle  of  the  road  ascends.  From  the  culminating  point,  where  the 
bridle-path  to  the  Herzogstand  diverges  to  the  right  (see  below),  we 
obtain  a  view  of  the  Karwendel  and  Wetterstein  ranges  in  the  dis- 
tance, and,  below  us,  of  the  beautiful,  deep -blue  *Walcliensee 
(2635  ft.),  4^4  M.  long  and  3  M.  broad,  surrounded  by  forests  and 
mountains.  At  the  N.  end  are  the  houses  of  (IV2  ^^•)  ^"rfeld  (Zum 
Jager  am  See,  R.  II/2  --//;  In^i  at  the  fisherman's). 

The  '-Herzogstand  (5695  ft.),  a  remarkably  fine  point  of  view,  is  ascended 
hence  in  2i/2-3  hrs.  (guide  unnecessary).  A  bridle-path  (see  above)  diverges 
to  the  left  (W.)  from  the  road  coming  from  the  Kesselberg,  about  8  min. 
from  Urfeld  (or  a  steep  path  leading  from  Urfeld  direct  to  this  bridle- 
track  in  1/4  l^r-  i^a-y  be  taken).  On  the  saddle,  1/2  hr.  below  the  top,  are 
the  Herzogstand-Hauser  (5100 ft.),  belonging  to  the  German  Alpine  Club 
(Inn  with  50  beds  at  2V2  Jl).  On  the  summit  is  a  closed  pavilion,  and  a 
little  lower  is  an  open  hut.  Admirable  view  of  the  mountains  as  far  as 
the  Oezthal  glaciers,  and  of  the  plain  with  its  numerous  lakes.  —  A  nar- 
row arete,  protected  by  a  wire-rope,  but  advisable  for  experts  only,  con- 
nects the  Herzogstand  with  the  (1  hr.)  Heimgarten  (5870  ft.),  to  the  W. 
—  From  the  Herzogsfand-Hauser  a  narrow  path  to  the  right,  affording  at 
first  a  fine  view  of  the  Walchensee,  and  then  leading  through  wood, 
descends  to  the  hamlet  of  Walchensee  in  IV2  hr. 

From  Urfeld  to  Jachenau  and  Tolz.,  see  p.  216.  —  Boat  across  the  lake: 
to  Walchensee  (for  1,  2,  3,  or  4  pers.)  1  Ji  20,  1  Ji  80,  2  Ji  10,  2  Jl 
40  pf. ;  to  Altlach  2,  3,  4,  41/2  .M;  Obernach  2V2  jU,  31/2  Ji,  4  Ji  80,  5  M 
30  pf.  —  Carriage  from  Walchensee  to  Wallgau  5,  with  two  horses  8  Ji ; 
to  Kochel,  Kriin,  and  Jachenau  6  and  9,  to  Barmsee  7  and  11,  to  Benedikt- 
beuern  and  Mittenwald  10  and  15,  to  Vorder-Kiss  12  and  18,  to  Parten- 
kirchen  14  and  21,  to  Lenggries  and  Penzberg  17  and  22,  to  Murnau  15 
and  23,  to  Tolz  19  and  31,  to  Tegernsee  30  and  50,  to  Achensee  33  and  50  Ji. 

From  Urfeld  the  road  skirts  the  W.  bank  of  the  lake  to  (2  M.)  — 
541/2  M.  Walchensee  (Post).,  a  hamlet  charmingly  situated  on  a 
bay  of  the  lake,  and  surrounded  with  beautiful  woods.  On  the  oppo- 
site bank  are  the  church  and  parsonage  of  Klosterl. 

It  is  preferable  to  proceed  from  Urfeld  to  Walchensee  by  boat  in  3/4  hr. 
From  the  middle  of  the  lake  (the  'Weitsee')  a  fine  view  is  enjoyed.  On 
the  S.  bank  are  the  houses  of  Altlach,  whence  a  good  bridle-path  ascends 
the  Hochkopf  (4010  ft.;  IV2  hr. ;  descent  to  Vorder-Eiss,  see  p.  216).     Near 


TOLZ.  35.  Route.     215 

the  S.  bank  lies  the  wooded?  islet  of  ^'a.«»ffw  (private  ;  no  adm.).  Travellers 
bound  for  3Iittenwald  row  from  Urfeld  (without  going  to  Walchensee)  in 
l'/2  hr.  to  the  mouth  of  the  Obernach  (see  below). 

Beyond  the  hamlet  of  Walchensee  the  road  is  carried  over  the 
steep  Katzmkopf  (2176  ft.)  to  the  (3/^  hr.)  forester's  house  of  Ober- 
nach,  at  the  S.  end  of  the  lake.  We  iiow  gradually  ascend  a  lonely 
pine-clad  valley.  At  (l^^hr.)  Wallgau  (Altwirth),  the  broad  valley 
of  the  Tsar  is  reached  [road  to  Vorder-Riss  and  Tolz,  see  p.  216).  — 
From  (IV2  M.)  Kriln  (2895  ft. ;  Inn)  a  road  leads  to  the  right,  past 
the  picturesquely  situated  Barmsee  (p.  210),  to  (3  M.)  Klais,  on  the 
high-road  from  Mittenwald  to  Partenkirchen.  On  the  S.  the  pre- 
cipitous Karwendel-Gebirge  is  conspicuous ;  to  the  W.  rises  the 
Wettersteiu-Gebirge.  —  6  M.  — 

661/2  M.  Mittenwald  (p.  210). 

35.  From  Munich  to  Tolz  and  Mittenwald. 

74  M.  Railway  to  (36  M.)  Tolz  in  l»/2-2V4  hrs.  Diligence  from  Tolz 
to  (6V2  M.)  Lenggries  twice  daily,  in  IV*  hr. ;  to  (10  M.)  Benediktbeuern  via 
Heilhrunn  and  Bichl  daily,  in  2^/4  hrs.  Diligence  from  Lentrgries  to  Vor- 
der-Riss thrice  weekly  (Tuea..  Thurs.,  (fe  Sat.)  in  4  hrs.  One-horse  carriage 
from  Tolz  to  the  Wa'lchensee  10  .//,  to  Mittenwald  20  J{. 

The  train  soon  turns  towards  the  S.;  to  the  left  are  seen  the  Ba- 
varia and  Ruhmeshalle,  to  the  right  the  distant  Alps.  The  line  to 
Simbach  (R.  40)  and  the  direct  line  to  Rosenheim  diverge  to  the  left 
(R.  38).  —  31/2  M.  Mittersendling.  At  (e'/o  M.)  Grosshesselohe  the 
Jsar  is  crossed;  to  the  left  we  obtain  a  view  of  the  deep  and  gravelly 
bed  of  the  river,  with  Munich  in  the  distance.  Then  through  wood. 
To  the  left,  near  (11  M.)  Deisenhofen^  is  the  large  reservoir  of  the 
Munich  water-works,  with  a  capacity  of  8,250,000  gallons.  16  M. 
Sauerlach.  The  Teufelsgraben  ('devil's  dyke'),  a  deep,  dry  hollow, 
is  crossed,  and  the  train  reaches  (23  M.)  Holzkirchen  (2245  ft.; 
Post;  Oberbrau;  Rail.  Restaurant),  the  junction  of  the  lines  to  Ro- 
senheim (p.  222)  and  Schliersee  (p.  220). 

The  line  skirts  the  E.  side  of  the  town,  and  diverges  to  the  right 
from  the  line  to  Schliersee.  26  M.  Ober-Warngau;  30  M.  Schaft- 
lach  (2480  ft.;  Rail.  Restaurant;  to  Tegernsee,  see  p.  217).  The 
mountains  become  grander;  on  the  left  rises  the  Benediktenwand. 
32  M.  Reichersbeuem^  with  a  handsome  chateau.  The  (36  M.)  Tolz 
station  (2255  ft.;  Rail.  Restaurant;  ^Bellevue,  with  fine  view,  adja- 
cent) lies  to  the  Ts\  of  the  town,  1/2  M.  from  the  Isar  bridge  (omni- 
bus 20  pf.). 

Tolz  (2160  ft.  ;  Post;  '^Burgerbrdu,  ^BrucUrdu,  both  with  gar- 
dens; *Kolberbrdu ;  Lechner,  etc.),  a  small  town  (4092  inhab.).  with 
breweries  and  a  trade  in  timber,  is  prettily  situated  on  a  hill  on  the 
Jsar.  Many  of  the  houses  are  frescoed  with  Biblical  subjects.  The 
garden  of  the  Biirgerbrau  and  the  *Calvarienberg  (2320  ft. ;  1/4  ^r.) 
command  a  fine  survey  of  the  Isarthal,  stretching  far  into  the  dis- 
tance;  in  the  background,  to  the  S,W.,  the  long  Benediktenwand 


2 \Q   Route  35.  KRANKENHEIL. 

(p.  213)  and  the  cone  of  the  Kirchstein.  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Isar, 
1/2  hr.  from  the  station,  are  the  baths  of  Krankenheil  (*  Cur-Hotel, 
with  baths;  *Sedlmair,  with  baths,  R.  2,  D.  21/4  Jl ;  '^Artmann,  D. 
2V2  t//;  Actienbad;  Pension  Spenger^  5-7  J^;  Pens.  Emilia,  5  J^ ; 
Pens.  Villa  Meister;  furnished  rooms  at  the  Villa  Bcllevue,  JDaxen- 
lerger,  etc.),  with  a  Conversations- Saal,  Trinkhalle,  and  Bath  House 
(bath  2  ^//).  The  water  is  conducted  in  leaden  pipes  from  the  springs, 
4  M,  distant,  and  contains  natron  and  iodine.  About  IV2  -^I-  to  the 
W.  is  the  Zollhaus  (*Inn,  with  baths),  on  a  hill  near  which  is  the 
Alpenhaus  Kogel  (Restaurant,  D.  I1/2  Ji^.  The  left  bank  of  the  Isar, 
close  to  the  town,  is  laid  out  with  extensive  woods  and  promenades. 

From  Tolz  to  the  Walchexsee  there  are  two  roads  :  by  Kochel  (21  M.), 
or  through  the  Jachenau  (25  M.)-  The  Kochel  Road  (one-horse  carr.  12, 
two-horse  18  Jl)  leads  to  the  W.,  past  the  Zollhaus  (see  above),  Stallau, 
and  (6  M.)  the  baths  of  Heilbrunn  (2235  ft.),  with  the  Adelheidsquelle, 
containing  bromine  and  iodine.  We  then  -pdiSs  Enzenau  a.nd  Steinbach,  and 
reach  (3  M.)  BicM  (p.  213). 

The  Lesggeies  and  Jachenau  Eoad  (one-horse  carr.  to  Urfeld  18, 
two-horse  28  Jl)  crosses  the  Isar  beyond  (61/2  M.)  Lenggries  (see  below;  on 
the  opposite  laank  is  the  chateau  of  Hohenburg ,  see  below),  and  reaches 
(2V2  M.)  Wegscheid  (Zum  Pfaffensteft'l,  rustic).  The  road  now  quits  the 
valley  of  the  Isar,  skirts  the  wooded  flanks  of  the  Langenberg,  and  enters 
the  Jachenau,  a  secluded  valley  watered  by  the  Jachen,  10  M.  in  length. 
8  M.  Zum  Back  Inn.  About  2  M.  farther  on  is  the  village  of  Jachenau 
('2590  ft.;  Xeuwirth;  Pfund).  The  road  to  Urfeld  continues  to  ascend  over 
the  Fieberberg  and  then  descends  through  wood  to  (4  M.)  Sachenbach,  at 
the  E.  end  of  the  Walchensee,  whence  it  follows  the  N.  bank  to  (2  M.) 
Urfeld  (p.  214). 

From  Tolz  to  Mittenwald  (38  M. ;  carr.  to  Vorder-Rlss  18, 
with  two  horses  30  J/).  The  road  follows  the  right  bank  of  the  Isar 
to  (6V2  ^1-)  Lenggries  (_2230  ft.;  Altwirth;  Post),  beyond  which,  on 
the  left,  is  the  Grand-Duke  of  Luxembourg's  chateau  of  Hohenburg 
(with  brewery  and  inn),  and  leads  via  Anger  to  (3  M.)  Fleck  (2275  ft. ; 
*lnn),  with  large  saw-mills.  Beyond  (1  M.)  Winkel  the  valley  con- 
tracts and  turns  to  the  S.W.  —  The  road  crosses  the  Walchen  or 
Achen,  on  the  right  bank  of  which  a  narrow  road  leads  to  (9  M.) 
Achemcald  on  the  Kreuth  post-road  (p.  219),  and  reaches  (6  M.)FaU 
(2435  ft. ;  *lnn). 

The  valley  expands.  6  M.  Vorder-Riss  (2645  ft. ;  Weiss,  by  the 
saw-mill),  a  royal  shooting-lodge  in  a  pine-clad  dale,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Rissbach  with  the  Isar, 

Theough  the  Riss  to  the  Achensee  by  road  (30  M.)-  The  road  ascends 
the  wooded  valley  past  (8i'2M.)  the  Oswald- Hiitie,  and  crosses  the  Tyrolese 
frontier  to  (5  M.)  Hinter-Riss  (3055  ft.),  a  shooting-lodge  of  the  Duke  of 
Coburg,  in  finely-wooded  environs.  At  the  foot  of  the  small  Gothic  cha- 
teau are  the  low  buildings  of  a  Franciscan  monastery  (Inn,  adjoining  the 
monastery;  'Alpenhof.  2U  min.  farther  on).  —  From  Hinter-Riss  the  road 
ascends  gently  to  the  (2  hrs.)  Hagel-Hiitte  (3575  ft.),  where  the  Rissthal 
turns  towards  the  S.  We  then  ascend  in  windings  through  wood  to  the 
(21/2  hrs.)  Plumser  Joch  (5410  ft.),  which  commands  a  limited  but  fine  view, 
and  descend  through  the  wooded  Gernthal  to  (2  hrs.)  Pertisau  (p.  219). 

The  road  to  Mittenwald  crosses  the  Isar,  and  follows  the  left  side 
of  the  secluded  valley  to  (8  M.)  Wallgau  (p.  215),  on  the  high-road 
from  the  Walchensee  to  (71/2  M.)  Mittenwald  (p.  210). 


217 

36.  From  Munich  to  Tegernsee,  Wildbad  Kreuth,  and 
the  Achensee. 

Coinp.  Maps,  pp.  2li,  218. 
94  M.  Railway  to  (34  31.)  Gmund  in  2i/j  hrs.  Diligence  from  Gmund 
thrice  daily  to  (3  M.)  Tegernsee  (1/2  hr.)  and  (U  M.)  Kreuth  (2V2hrs.-,  fare 
1  Jl  80  pf.j.  Post-Omnibus  from  Tegerusee  (Guggemos)  to  Wildbad  Kreuth 
twice  daily  in  I3/4  hr.,  and  from  Kreuth  to  the  Achensee  (Scholastika)  daily 
in  31/2  hrs.  —  Carriage  from  Gmund  to  Tegernsee  with  one  horse  4  Ji., 
with  two  horses  1  Jl ;  from  Tegernsee  to  Kreuth  one-horse  9,  two-horse 
12  Jl^  to  the  Scholastika  16  or  24,  to  Jenbach  20  or  42  Ji  ;  from  the  Scho- 
lastika to  Kreuth  6  or  IO1/2,    to  Tegernsee  9   or  15,   to  Gmund   11  or  18  fl. 

—  Steamboat  on  the  Achensee  from  the  Scholastika  to  the  Seespitz  (and 
back)  eight  times  daily  in  summer  in  50  min.  (90,  60  kr).  —  Railwat 
from  the  Seespitz  to  Jenbach  (G  ti-ains  daily  in  ^/a  hr.)  in  connection  with 
the  steamboat  (see  p.  219). 

Railway  to  (30  M.)  Schafllach  (change  carriages),  see  p.  215.  The 
branch-line  to  Tegernsee  diverges  to  the  left  from  the  line  to  Tolz 
(on  the  right,  the  Benediktenwand)  and  reaches  the  Tegernsee 
(33/4  M.  long,  11/4  M.  broad)  at  (34  M.)  Gmund  ('2430  ft.;  Ilerzog 
Max;  Bellevue;  *Obermayer's  Restaurant,  at  the  station,  ^v•ith  view), 
where  the  Mangfall  emerges  from  the  lake. 

Kaltenbrunn  (Inn),  a  farm  of  Duke  Charles  Theodore,  at  the  N.W.  end 
of  the  lake,  1  M.  from  Gmund  and  41/2  M.  from  Tegernsee  by  land,  or  reached 
by  boat  in  1  hr.  (1  Jl  40  pf.),  commands  the  best  survey  of  the  lake. 

From  Gmund  a  road  leads  along  the  E.  bank,  via  St.  Quirin^  to  — 

37  M.  Tegernsee.  —  Hotels  (omn.  from  Gmund  station,  60  pf.). 
*PosT,  R.  2-3  Jl,  B.  80  pf.;  *GuGGEMos,  R.  2,  D.  2  Jl ;  Tegerxseek  Hof; 
*Steinmetz,  R.,L.,&:A.  3  Jl,  B.  80pf.,  pens.  5-8  Ji?,-  Schandl,  unpretend- 
ing ;  Pension  Villa  Helens,  on  the  Lehber^.  Lodgings  may  also  be 
procured.  —  At  Rottach:  Scheurer,  R.  from  IV2  Jl-  —  At  Egerii,  at  the 
S.E.  end  of  the  lake,  on  the  road  to  Kreuth:  Bachmaik,  moderate-,  Gast- 
HOF  zuR  Ueberfahrt;  *Villa  Korn.  —  Beer  at  the  Brdustiihl,  in  the 
brewery  of  the  ducal  chateau  -,  Sommerkeller,  with  veranda,  a  little  to  the 
N.  of  the  chateau  (open  on  Sun.,  Wed.,  Frid.,  <fe  Sat.  afternoons).  Cafi 
am  See,  with  view-terrace;    Maier,  on  the  Albach,  cafe  and  confectioner. 

—  Boat,  with  rower,  for  1-2  pers.  1  Jl  per  hr.,  3-4  pers.  1  Jl  20,  5-6  pers. 
1  Jl  40  pf. 

Tegernsee  (2400  ft.),  a  large  and  charmingly  situated  village, 
attracts  numerous  visitors  in  summer.  Beautiful  walks  in  the 
environs.  The  imposing  Schloss,  formerly  a  Benedictine  abbey,  said 
to  have  been  founded  in  719,  and  suppressed  in  1804,  now  belongs 
to  Duke  Charles  Theodore  of  Bavaria;  the  N.  wing  contains  a  brew- 
ery (see  above).  Above  the  portal  of  the  Church  is  an  ancient  relief 
in  marble  representing  the  princely  founders  of  the  abbey.  Beautiful 
grounds. 

■Environs  (numerous  guide-posts).  A  favourite  point  is  the  Grosse 
Parapluie,  an  open  'rondel',  20  min.  to  the  S.E.  The  path  ascends  the  right 
bank  of  the  Albach,  and  in  3  minutes  crosses  a  bridge  (to  the  right)  at  the 
edge  of  the  wood.  Or  the  steps  ascending  to  the  left,  about  V2  M.  to  the  S. 
of  the  S.E.  angle  of  the  Schloss,  passing  a  memorial  to  the  poet  Carl 
Stieler  (d.  1888),  may  be  followed  to  the  rondel  (2630  ft.),  which  atlbrds 
an  admirable  view  of  the  lake  and  the  encircling  mountains.  A  path  leads 
hence   to  the  Lehberger  ('Restaurant);  fine  view  of  the  head  of  the  lake. 

—  The  Pflieglhof  (2755  ft, ;  rfmts.),  10  min.  to  the  E.  of  the  Parapluie, 
and  the  Westerhof  (2920ft.;  rfmts.),  35  min.  above  Tegernsee  on  the  N.E., 
also  command  fine  views. 


218    Route  36.  WILDBAD  KREUTH.  From  Munkh 

The  Falls  of  the  Rottach  are  situated  in  a  picturesque  ravine,  51/2  M. 
from  Tegernsee.  The  road  leads  from  the  Schicaighof  (see  below)  on  the  left 
liank  of  the  Eottach  (or  footpath  on  the  right  bank  via  the  Duften-Miihlc), 
passing  Elmau,  to  CIV2  hr.)  Enter-Rotlach  (2565  ft  ;  Inn);  1/2  M.  farther  on 
(finger-post)  the  path  to  the  falls  descends  to  the  right  and  rejoins  the  road 
higher  up.  The  road  ascends  hence  to  the  Wechsel-Alp  (3390  ft.),  and 
descends  through  the  picturesque  wooded  valley  of  the  Weisse  Falepp  to 
(3  hrs.)  the  forester's  house  of  Falepp  (p.  220).  Thence  by  the  Sintzing- 
See  to  Schliersee  12  M.,  and  from  Schliersee  to  Tegernsee  10  M.  The  whole 
round  forms  a  pleasant  drive  of  10  hrs.  (carriage  20^/,  with  two  horses  80  Jif). 

The  *Neureut  (4115  ft. ;  shelter-hut  at  the  top),  to  the  N.E.,  is  ascended 
from  Tegernsee  in  2  hrs.  by  a  marked  path.  Splendid  view  (to  the  S.  the 
Venediger).  We  may  then  keep  along  the  ridge  to  the  E.  to  the  (1  hr.) 
Gindelalmsclmeid  (4350  ft.),  with  fine  views  of  the  Schliersee,  the  Kaiser- 
gebirge,  etc.,  and  descend  by  the  (10  min.)  Gindel-Alp  to  (2  hrs.)  Schliersee 
(see  p.  220). 

The  'Hirschberg  (54S0ft. ;  41/2  hrs.)  is  an  admirable  and  easily  reached 
point  of  view.  The  ascent  is  best  made  from  Scharling^  on  the  Kreuth 
road,  8  M.  from  the  ferry  at  Egern  (see  below).  Here,  or  1/2  M.  before,  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Lohbach  Fall,  we  diverge  to  the  right  from  the  road, 
pass  a  marble-quarry,  and  follow  a  marked  path  through  wood  via  the 
Holzpoint  -  Alp  (8705  ft.)  to  the  (2  hrs.)  Ringlerg-Sattel  and  the  (8/4  hr.) 
Hirschberg-Hai/s  (4950  ft. ;  *Inn),  25  min.  below  the  summit.  Splendid  view 
at  the  top  (panorama  by  Waltenberger,  50  pf.). 

Other  excursions  (Riederstein,  Risserkogl,  Walmberg^  etc.),  see  Baedeker''s 
Eastern  Alps. 

The  high-road  from  Tegernsee  to  Kretith  passes  the  baths  of 
/Sc/m-at^/io/"  (sulphur-spring),  crosses  the  Rottach,  and  leads  through 
(I3/4M.)  Eottach  (Scheurer),  wdth  its  pretty  country-houses.  About 
IM.  farther  on  (to  the  right  is  Egern,  p.  217)  it  crosses  the  Wehsach 
(*Bachmair's  Inn). 

Pedestrians  save  1  M.  by  taking  the  ferry  (5  pf.)  across  the  S.E.  arm 
of  the  lake  from  the  (V4  M.)  Kleine  Parapluie  to  Egern  (5  min.;  Gasthof 
zur  Ueberfahrt,  with  lake-baths);  the  road  on  the  other  side  reaches  the 
high-road  at  (3/4  M.)  the  Weissach  bridge. 

The  road  follows  the  pretty  valley  of  the  "Weissach  via  (IV2  M.) 
Scharling  (*Hoegg;  ascent  of  the  Hirschberg^  see  above).  The  valley 
contracts  near  the  village  of  (IV2  M.)  Kreuth  (Obermayer),  to  the 
right  of  -which  rises  the  conical  Leonhardstein  (4760  ft.).  On  the 
left  is  (^4  M.)  the  prettily-situated  *Inn  zur  Rainer  Alpe,  about 
3/4  M.  beyond  which  a  road  to  the  left  diverges  to  the  ('/o  M.)  — 

441/9  M.  Wildbad  Kreuth  (2720  ft.),  a  large  bath-house  and 
hotel  (R.  21/2-3  J^  per  day,  6-36  .,//  per  week,  D.  3  ^//),  the  prop- 
erty of  Duke  Charles  Theodore  of  Bavaria,  situated  in  a  broad  green 
basin.  The  springs,  containing  salt  and  sulphur,  have  been  known 
since  1500.  Good  bathing  arrangements;  whey-cure,  etc.  Shady 
walks  in  the  grounds  of  the  Curhaus. 

ExcuEsioxs  {Gaisalpe,  Konigs-AIpe,  Eocltalpe,  Schildenstein,  Schinder, 
etc.),  see  Baedeker's' Eastern  Alps. 

The  road  from  Bad  Kreuth  to  the  W.  crosses  the  Weissach  and 
joins  the  main  road.  The  latter  gradually  ascends  the  wooded  Weiss- 
ach-Thal,  passing  the  (2  hrs.)  hamlet  of  Glashilite  (2930  ft. ;  *Inn), 
with  the  Bavarian  custom-house  of  Stuben.  Beyond  the  Stuben-Alp 
(3090  ft.),  about  1  M.  farther  on,  the  road  descends  rapidly  through 


'"3 


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r 


to  the  Achensee.  Ar"FIENSP:K.  :i6.  Routf.     219 

profound  ravines,  and  at  the  Kaiserwacht^  in  the  once  strongly  fortified 
defile  of  Achen  (2S60  ft.),  crosses  the  Tyrolese  frontier.  The  Austrian 
custom-house  is  near  the  village  of  (lV4hr.)  Achenwald  (2(){)o  it.- 
*Inn  'Zuni  Hageninwald').  The  road  then  gradually  ascends  along 
the  Achen^  or  Walchen^  the  outlet  of  the  Achensee,  v?hich  rushes 
noisily  in  its  deep  bed.  At  (1  hr.)  Leiten  (Hinterer's  Inn)  the  Am- 
pelsbach-Thal  opens  on  the  left ;  in  the  background  rise  the  grotesque 
rocky  horn  of  the  Guffert  and  the  long  ridge  of  the  Unniitz. 

59  M.  Achenkirch  [3085  ft. ;  =-=A'er7i,-  '^'Post,  with  baths,  3/^  M. 
farther  on;  '■^Adler,  good  wine),  a  village  21/2  M.  long,  the  scattered 
houses  of  which  extend  almost  to  the  Achensee.  At  the  N.  end  of 
the  lake  is  ^Maters  Inn,  a  little  beyond  which  is  the  '^- Hotel  Schola- 
stika  (R.  80  kr.,  I).  1  fl.  10  kr.),  with  a  veranda,  a  bath-house,  and 
the  church.  About  3/^  M.  farther  on,  on  a  green  promontory,  is  the 
■^Hutel  Seehof  (R.,  L.,  &  A,  1  fl.  20,  D.  1  fl.  30  kr.),  with  a  cafe'  on 
the  lake. 

The  *Unnutz  (G815  ft.;  3  hrs. ;  guide,  unnecessary  except  for  novices, 
3  fl.)  affords  an  easy  and  attractive  expedition.  Good  paths  (marked  with 
red)  ascend  from  the  inns  on  the  lake  to  the  (IV4  hr.)  Kdgel-Alp  (4G95  tt.; 
rfmts.),  whence  the  summit  (Vorder-Unniilz)  is  reached  in  1^/4  hr.  Extensive 
and  magnificent  -View. 

The  *Acliensee  (3050  ft.),  51/2  M.  long,  about  1/2  M.  broad,  and 
430  ft.  deep,  a  dark-blue  lake,  the  finest  in  N.  Tyrol,  lies  1300  ft. 
above  the  valley  of  the  Inn.  The  road,  hewn  in  the  rock  at  some 
places,  leads  on  the  E.  bank  to  (6  M.)  Buchau  (*Prantl),  at  the  S.E. 
end  of  the  lake  (a  drive  of  1  hr.).  Preferable  is  the  Steamer,  which 
plies  eight  times  daily  from  Scholastika  to  Seespitz  (and  back)  in 
50  min.,  calling  at  Seehof,  Pertisau,  and  Buchau  (circular  tour  1  fl. 
30  kr.).  Rowing-boat  from  the  Scholastika  to  Pertisau  in  l^/o  br. 
(1  pers.  70,  2  pers.  80  kr.);  to  the  Seespitz  in  2  hrs.  (1  fl.  and  1  fl. 
20  kr.).  On  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  lake  is  the  Pertisau,  a  green  pas- 
ture enclosed  by  precipitous  mountains  and  frequented  as  a  summer- 
resort  (*FUrstenhau3,  on  the  lake,  the  property  of  the  Benedictine 
abbey  of  Viecht,  R.  90,  D.  1  fl.  10,  S.  45  kr.;  "^Hotel  Stephanie,  D. 
1  fl.  20  kr.,  pens.  3  fl. ;  rooms  at  the  Villa  Womdle;  Pfandler  an<l 
Karl,  in  the  village,  '/2  M-  from  the  lake,  unpretending;  Lake  Baths). 
Charming  view  of  the  lake;  to  the  S.  the  mountains  of  the  Innthal 
and  of  the  lower  Zillerthal.  A  road  leads  from  Pertisau  along  the 
W.  bank  to  the  (IY2  M.)  Seespitz  (Brunner's  Inn),  at  the  S.  end  of 
the  lake. 

Fkom  the  Achensee  to  the  Inn  Valley  we  may  from  the  Seespitz  either 
follow  the  rapidly  descending  road  Ihrouprh  the  Kashach-Thal  (3'  2  M.)  or 
proceed  by  railway  (p.  217)  via  (1  M.)  Maurach  and  Eben  \u^l\  hr.  to  (4  31., 
71  M.  from  Munich)  Jenbach,  on  the  railway  to  (94  M.)  Innsbruck  (see 
Baedeker's  Eastern  Alps  or  Baedeker''s  Austria). 


220 

37.  From  Munich  to  Kufstein  via  Schliersee 
and  Bairisch-Zell. 

Comp.  Map,  p.  217. 

68  M.  Railway  to  (38  M.)  Schliersee  in  Q'/j  hrs.  From  Schliersee  to 
(10  M.)  Bairisch-Zell  Pust-Omnibus  twice  daily  in  2  hrs.;  thence  to  (20  M.) 
Kufstein  carriage-road,  but  no  public  conveyance.  Carriage  and  pair  from 
Schliersee  to  Kufstein  in  6-7  hrs.,  45  Jl. 

Railway  to  (23  M.)  Holzkirchen  (change  carriages),  see  p.  215. 
The  line  diverges  to  the  left  from  the  Tolz  line,  and  at  (27  M.) 
B  arching  it  enters  the  picturesque  Many  fall- Thai.  Opposite  is 
Weyam.,  formerly  a  monastery,  now  a  school.  —  30  V2  ^-  Thalham 
(2005  ft.);  on  the  right  rises  the  Taubenberg  (3015  ft.),  a  fine  point 
of  view  (IV4  hr. ;  Inn,  10  min.  from  the  top).  The  train  crosses  the 
Mangfall,  and  traverses  the  wooded  Schlierach-  Thai.  —  331/2  M. 
Miesbach  (2245  ft.;  *Waizinger;  *Post;  Kreiterer;  Alpenrose;  Wen- 
delstein),  a  thriving  village  and  summer-resort,  prettily  situated.  In 
the  vicinity  are  several  coal-mines.  The  train  crosses  the  Schlier- 
ach twice,  passes  Agatharied  and  Hausham  (with  coal-mines),  and 
reaches  — 

38  M.  Schliersee  (2575  ft.;  Seehaus;  Post;  Seerose,  at  the  sta- 
tion; Wagner;  Messner,  plain),  prettily  situated  on  the  ^Schliersee., 
and  much  frequented  in  summer.  Peasants'  theatre  on  Sun.  and 
holidays  in  summer  at  7  p.m.  The  (5  min.)  Weinberg-Kapelle  affords 
the  best  view  of  the  environs  (fromE.  toW.,  the  Schliersberg,  Rohn- 
berg,  Eipelspitz,  Jagerkamp,  Brecherspitze,  Baumgartenberg,  and 
Kreuzberg),  Baths  at  5ee/jad  5p/is  (*Restaurant,  with  rooms),  V2  M. 
from  the  station,  to  the  S. 

The  road  skirts  the  E.  side  of  the  lake.  2  M.  Fischhausen  (Kel- 
lerer)  lies  at  the  S.  end  of  the  lake ;  high  up  to  the  left  the  ruin  of 
Hohenxcaldeck.  At  (8/4  M.)  Neuhaus  (2655  ft. ;  Eham\  a  summer- 
resort,  the  road  divides,  the  right  branch  leading  to  Falepp,  the 
left  to  Bairisch-Zell.  To  the  E.  rises  the  finely-shaped  Wendelstein  ; 
to  the  S.  the  Brecherspitze  and  Jagerkamp. 

The  Road  tu  Falepp  leads  through  the  Josephs-Thai.,  past  (1/2  hr.)  a 
paper-mill  (Inn),  and  ascends  in  numerous  windings,  which  the  pedestrian 
may  cut  off,  between  the  Brecherspitze,  on  the  right,  and  the  Jagerkamp, 
on  the  left.  Beyond  the  (3/4  hr.)  pass  (3740  ft.),  the  road  descends  to  the 
(1/4  hr.)  lonely  Spitzing-See  (3495  ft.),  and  follows  the  Eoihe  Falepp,  past 
the  (2  BI.)  Waizinger  Alp  (beer),  to  (2  M.)  the  forester's  house  of  Falepp 
(2840  ft. ;  Jjin  at  the  forester's),  prettily  situated  in  the  midst  of  wood, 
below  the  union  of  the  Rothe  and  Weisse  Falepp.  In  the  vicinity  is  the 
disused  Kaiserklause.  A  marked  path  leads  from  Falepp  by  the  Erzherzog- 
Johann-Klause  and  through  the  Brandenherger-Thal  to  (9-10  hrs.)  Brixlegg 
in  the  Inn  valley.  For  details,  and  other  excursions  from  Schliersee  and  Neu- 
haus {Brechersintze,  Bodenschneid,  Bothwand,  etc.),  see  Baedekei-'s  Eastern  Alps. 

The  road  to  Bairisch-Zell  next  passes  (2M.)  Aurach,  enters  the 
wide  Leitzach-Thal  beyond  (21/4  M.)  Geitau,  and  leads  via  (I1/4  M.) 
OsUrhofen  to  (2  M.)  Bairisch-Zell  (2630  ft. ;  Wendelstein  or  Neu- 
u-irth;  Post  or  Altwirth),  a  village  prettily  situated  in  a  basin  en- 
closed by  the  Wendelstein,  Seeberg,  and  Traithen. 


GRAFING.  38.  Route.     221 

'-Wendelstein  (6035  ft.;  3  Lrs.;  guide  unnecessary;  horse  to  the  Wendel- 
stein-Haus  8  Jl,  if  kept  overnight  12  J(),  a  much  frequented  and  very 
fine  point  of  view.  We  ascend  through  meadows  by  a  path  (marked  with 
white  and  red)  past  the  Tanner-Miihle  and  several  alps  to  the  (2  hrs.) 
Upper  Wendelstein  Alp  (5215  ft.)  and  the  (^4  hr.)  Wendelstein- Tlaus  (5655  ft.; 
*Inn,  with  90  beds),  whence  a  safe  path  protected  by  railin'j:3  leads  to  the 
(20  min.)  summit,  a  plateau  6-12  yds.  broad  and  about  25  yds.  in  length, 
on  which  stand  a  new  chapel  and  a  cross.  The  "View  (panorama  to  be 
obtained  in  the  house)  embraces  (left  to  right)  the  Untersberg,  Watzmann, 
Kaisergebirge,  Tauern  Mts.  (with  the  Venediger  and  Gross-Glockner),  and 
the  Karwendel  and  Wetterstein  ranges  (with  the  Zugspitze) ;  to  the  N.  the 
extensive  Bavarian  plain  with  the  Chiemsee,  Simmsee,  and  Starnberger  See. 

FEOir  Baibisch-Zell  to  Oberaudorf,  4V.'-5  hrs.  A  rather  rough  road 
leads  bv  the  Tanner-Alp  and  the  Graf enherherg- Alp  to  the  Auer-Briicke, 
and  through  the  Auerbach-Tftal  to  the  (2V2-3  hrs.)  Tatzelwurm  (2510  ft. ; 
Inn),  near  a  fine  fall  of  the  Auerbach  (best  viewed  from  the  lower  bridge). 
Then  by  the  deep  Anerbach-Thal  past  Rechenau  to  (2  hrs.)  Oberaudorf  (see 
Baedeker's  Eastern  Alps). 

The  road  to  Kufstein  (rough  at  places)  follows  the  flnely--wooded 
Urspring-Thal  and  crosses  the  Austrian  frontier  at  the  (2  M.)  Bdcker- 
Alp  (2770  ft.).  V2  M.  farther  on  is  the  Inn  Zur  Urspring  (good  wine) ; 
21/2 M.  Landl  (2195  ft.;  Inn),  a  pleasant  village  in  the  Thier see- Thai. 
The  road  forks  here.  The  branch  to  the  left  leads  through  the 
valley  of  the  Thierseer  Ache  (Kieferihal)  to  (41/2  M.)  tlie  Thiersee  or 
/Sf /irecfesee  (2040  ft.;  *See\virth).  Thence  it  crosses,  the  Marh linger 
Hohe  (fine  view  of  the  Kaisergebirge),  and  descends  through  wood, 
passing  the  dark  Langsee  and  the  Ed,  to  (5  M.)  Kufstein.  —  The 
more  attractive  road  to  the  right  from  Landl  ascends  via  (2^/4  M.) 
Inner-Thiersee  (Grasshammer)  and (2^/^M.')Vorder-Thiersee  (2200  ft.; 
Kirchcnjackl),  where  the  peasants  perform  passion-plays  every  tenth 
year,  to  the  (2/4  M.)  Thiersee.  —  Kufstein,  and  thence  to  Innsbruck. 
see  Baedeker  s  Eastern  Alps. 

38.  From  Munich  to  Salzburg  and  Reichenhall. 

Comp.  Maps,  pp.  214,  222,  224. 

To  Salzhurg,  95  M.,  express  in  3-31/2  hrs.;  onlinarv  trains  in  5' '2  hrs. 
(fares  14  Ji  10,  9  Jl  90.  or  12  Jl  40.  8  ^/  20,  5  Jl  30  pf.) ;  to  Reichenhall, 
1031/2  M.,  express  in  S^A,  ordinary  trains  in  53/4  hrs.  (fares  14^/  60,  10  Jl  30, 
or  13  Jl,  8  Jl  40,  5  JZ  30  pf.).  Travellers  from  Salzburg  to  Reichenhall 
or  Munich  should  be  provided  with  German  money. 

Munich,  see  p.  137.  The  railway  skirts  the  town.  Beyond  the 
(3  M.)  Munich  S.  Station  ( Thalkirchen )  the  train  crosses  the  Tsar. 
At  (6  M.)  Munich  E.  Station  (Haidhamen)  the  Simbach-Braunau 
line  diverges  to  the  left  (see  p.  233).  Stations  Trader ing,  Haar, 
Zorneding,  Kirchseeon.  —  23^/2  M.  Grafing  (Eailii'ay  Inn;  Kaspers- 
brdu),  a  considerable  place,  I72  M.  from  the  railway. 

From  Grafing  to  Glonx,  railway  in  36  min.  through  the  smiling 
Olonnthal,  via  Taglaching,  Moosach,  and  Adling.  From  Glonn  (Inns)  pleasant 
excursions  may  be  made  to  the  (1/2  hr.)  chateau  of  Zinneberg  (fine  view), 
to  the  Olonnquelle,  to  the  Sleinsee,  etc. 

Between  Assling  and  Oster-Miinchen  the  broad  dale  of  the  Attel 
is  traversed.  To  the  right,  opposite  the  traveller,  rises  the  AVendel- 
stein,  to  the  left  the  Kaisergebirge,  in  the  background  the  Gross- 
Venediger.  —  36 1/2  M.  Oross-Carolinenfeld, 


222    Eoute  38.  CHIEMSEE.  From  Munich 

40  M.  Kosenheim  (1470  ft. ;  '^BayrischerHof;  *Kdnig  Otto  ;  Alte 
Post;  ^Deutsches  Haus,  R.  i^/o-'^  J/ ;  Zum  M^endelstein ,  Thaller, 
both  near  the  station  and  moderate  ;  Rail.  Restaurant},  the  junction 
of  the  Inusbrnck,  Holzkircheu,  aildMiihldorf  lines,  a  town  of  10,000 
Inhab.,  with  salt-works,  lies  at  the  influx  of  the  Mangfall  into  the 
Inn.  The  salt-water  is  conveyed  hither  from  Eeichenhall,  upwards 
of  50  M.  distant.  About  ^/^  M.  from  the  station  are  the  '"^Kaiser- 
bad,  with  a  large  park,  the  ^Marienbad,  and  the  Dianabad,  all  with 
salt  and  other  baths.  Pretty  view  of  the  Inn  thai  and  the  Alps  from 
the  (Y2  ^r.)  Schlossberg  (Restaurant),  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Inn. 

Fkum  Munich  to  Rosenheim  via  Holzkiechex,  46  M.,  in  3  hrs.  To 
(23  M.)  Holzkirchen,  see  p.  215.  We  here  diverge  from  the  line  to  Schlier- 
see  and  enter  the  Tetifelsgi'aben  (p.  215),  which  ends  at  the  valley  of  the 
Mangfall.  Stations  Westerham.,  Brnckmilhl,  Henfeld,  and  (40  M.)  Aibling 
(1575  ft.;  "^'Ludicigsbad;  "Hdtel  Duschl;  'Schnhbran  ;  ^Witlelsbach,  with  garien 
and  park;  'Jofiannisbad),  a  small  town  on  the  Glonn,  with  salt  and  mud 
baths.  The  Kaisergebirge,  and  beyond  (43V2  M.)  Kolbermoor,  with  a  large 
cotton-factory,  the  Gross-Venediger,  become  visible  on  the  right.  —  46  M. 
Rosenheim,  see  above. 

The  train  crosses  the  Inn,  passes  (44  M.)  Stephanskirchen,  the 
Simmsee  (33/4  M.  long),  and  (50  M.)  Endorf  (Post;  Wieser),  and 
runs  to  the  S.  through  a  hilly  district  to  (56  M.)  Prien  (1745  ft. ; 
*Zur  Kampenwand,  near  the  station  and  also  a  halting-place  on 
the  Chiemsee  line,  with  view,  R.  2  J/;  Hotel  Chiemsee ,  at  the 
station;  Kronprinz ;  Bayrischer  Hof;  Railway  Restaurant},  a  fa- 
vourite summer-resort,  in  the  smiling  Prienthal. 

From  Prien  a  Steam  Tramway  runs  in  8  min.  to  (1  M.)  Slock  (Hotel 
Dampfschift",  with  lake-baths),  the  landing-place  of  the  steamer  on  the 
Chiemsee,  which  plies  nine  times  daily  in  1/4  hr.  to  the  Herreninsel  and 
six  times  daily  in  1/2  br.  to  the  Fraiieninsel  (return-ticket  to  the  Herreninsel, 
2nd  class  in  the  steam-tramway,  1st  class  on  the  steamer,  1  Jl  80  pf.;  to  the 
Fraueninsel  2  Jl  60  pf. ;  rowing-boat  there  and  back  1  Jl,  with  a  stay  of 
some  time  V/2JI).  —  The  Chiemsee  (1700  ft.),  81/2  M.  long  and  61/2  M.  broad, 
contains  three  islands:  the  large  Herreninsel,  with  a  monastery  (now  the 
old  castle)  and  the  new  palace;  the  Fraueninsel,  with  a  nunnery  (now  a 
girls'  school)  and  an  interesting  church;  and  the  Krautinsel  ('vegetable 
island"),  formerly  a  kitchen-garden  for  the  monks  and  nuns.  The  Fraueninsel 
(20  acres  in  area)  is  also  the  site  of  a  fishing-village  and  an  "Inn,  a  favourite 
resort  of  artists,  as  an  album  kept  in  the  house  will  testify.  On  the  extensive 
Herreninsel  (9M.  in  circumference)  rises  the  large  *Schloss  Herrenchiemsee, 
built  in  the  style  of  Louis  XIV.  by  King  Lewis  II.  after  the  model  of 
Versailles,  but  not  completed  (adm.  daily  from  1st  May  to  15th  Oct.,  9-5; 
fee  3  Jl,  Sun.  and  holidays  I1/2  Jl;  closed  on  13th  June).  A  few  min. 
walk  from  the  pier,  where  tickets  for  the  palace  are  obtained  (to  the 
right),  is  the  Hotel-Restaurant  Arlmann,  with  a  veranda  and  garden.  Thence 
we  proceed  through  the  grounds  of  the  Old  Castle  and  then  through  wood 
to  (10  min.)  the  New  Palace,  built  on  three  sides  of  a  square  (open  on  the 
E.),  adjoined  on  the  X.  by  a  wing  (unfinished)  480  ft.  long.  In  front  of 
the  W.  faeade  are  ornamental  Water-  Works  (without  water  at  present), 
with  the  basins  of  Fortune,  Fame,  Latona,  etc.  The  pillared  Vestihtile, 
adorned  with  an  enamelled  group  of  peacocks,  opens  on  a  Court,  paved 
with  black  and  white  marble,  on  the  right  side  of  which  is  the  magni- 
ficent 'Staircase,  richly  adorned  with  imitation  marble  and  painting.  On 
the  first  floor,  turning  to  the  right,  we  enter  successively  the  Salle  des 
Gardes  du  Roi  (blue  and  gold),  the  Premiere  Antichambre  (lilac),  the  Salon 
de  V Oeil  de  Boeuf  (green;  with  an  equestrian  statue  of  Louis  XIV.,  by 
Perron),  and  the  magnificent  '  Chambre  de  Parade.     This  last  apartment, 


to  Eeichenhall.  TRAUNSTEIN.  .^9.  Route.    223 

an  imitation  of  Louis  XIV/s  Bed  Chamber  at  Versailles,  adorned  iu 
purple  and  gold,  with  a  lavishly  gilded  bed,  is  said  to  have  cost  alone 
over  125,000/.  Of  the  remaining  rooms  the  chief  are  the  "Galerie  des  Glaces 
or  Spiegelgallerie,  245  ft.  long  and  illuminated  with  35  lustres  and  2500 
candles,  the  t'iaton  de  la  Guerre  and  the  Salon  de  la  Paix,  openiug  on  the 
right  and  left  of  the  Galerie,  the  royal  Bed  Chamber  and  Siudy^  the  Dining 
Room  (with  the  table  descending  and  ascending  through  the  lloor),  the 
Small  Gallery y  the  Oval  Saloon,  and  the  Balh  Room.  In  all  the  rooms  are 
costly  furniture,  clocks,  etc.  —  The  woods  clothing  the  S.  part  of  the 
island  atVord  pleasant  promenades.  The  long  chain  of  the  Bavarian  and 
fcialzburg  Alps  forms  the  S.  background  of  the  landscape. 

From  Seebrnck  (  Inn),  at  the  X.  end  ot  the  lake  (steamer  fi'om  Stock  to 
Seebruck  and  Chieming  in  summer  twice  daily,  except  Frid.),  a  road  lea-ls 
to  (3  M.)  Seeon,  an  old  monastery  on  an  island  in  the  small  Seeoner  See. 
About  4V2  M.  to  the  E.  is  the  railway-station  of  Stein  an  d'^r  Traun  (p.  221). 

A  BK.4NCH  Kailw.w  ruus  from  Prien  to  the  S.  through  the  richly-wooded 
Prienfhal.,  in  32  min.,  past  the  station  of  L'mratshausen.,  to  the  charmingly- 
situated  village  of  (6  M.)  Niederaschau  (2020  ft.;  -Rest  and  other  innsj, 
another  summer-resort.  About  1  M.  to  the  S.,  in  the  middle  of  the  valley, 
is  the  chateau  of  Hohenaschau,  picturesquely  situated  on  a  rock,  100  ft.  in 
height  (at  the  foot  a  brewery  and  the  Inn  zur  Burg,  R.  3  Ji).  Pleasant 
excursions  to  the  Hofalpe  (3350  ft.;  IV2  hr.),  the  Bochriss  (5115  ft.;  31/2  hrs.j, 
the  Kampenwand  (513(j  ft.-,  3V2  hrs.),  etc.:    see  Baedeker''s  Eastern  Alps. 

The  line  skirts  the  S.  bank  of  the  Chiemsee.  59 '/2  M.  Bernau. 
From  (64  M.)  Uebersee  (Heindl)  a  branch-railway  runs  to  Marquart- 
stein.  The  train  crosses  the  Grosse  Ache.  —  69  M.  Bergen;  the  vil- 
lage (*Huber)  is  prettily  situated  1V2^^'  to  t^6  S. 

Carriage-road  from  the  railway-.^tation  (diligence  twice  daily  in  V2  hr.) 
via  Bernhaupteii  to  the  baths  of  Adelholzen  (2035  ft.),  charmingly  situated 
IV2M.  to  the  S.E.,  well  litted  up,  and  possessing  three  dillerent  springs  (salt- 
petre, sulphur,  and  alum).  The  hilly  neighbourhood  affords  many  pleasant 
walks.  About  2  M.  to  the  S.W.  are  the  foundries  and  blast-furnaces  of 
the  Maximilians- EUtte  (2000  ft.;  *Zum  Eisenhammer;  Hiitten-Schenke).  — 
The  easy  and  attractive  ascent  of  the  'Hochfelln  (54S0  ft.)  may  be  made 
from  the  Maximilians-Hiitte  in  3  hrs.  (guide  unnecessary;  horse  10,  there 
and  back  lb,  overnight  20  Jl) .,  via  the  Briinnling-Alpe  (3800  ft.;  Inn). 
About  65  ft.  below  the  summit  is  th.&  Hochfelln- Haus  ("Inn;  post  and  tele- 
graph oflice  and  telephone  to  Bergen).  On  the  S.  summit  is  the  Tabor- 
Kapelle.  The  splendid  'View  commands  the  entire  chain  of  the  Salzburg, 
Bavarian,  and  Tyrolese  Alps,  the  Chiemsee  with  four  other  lakes,  and  to 
the  N.  the  plain  as  far  as  the  Bavarian  Forest. 

73  M.  Traunstein  (1935  ft.;  '■"'Traunsteiner  Hof;  *Krone,  at  the 
station ;  *  Wispauer;  *Post ;  Schelcher;  Sailer;  Weisses  Brduhaus,  etc.; 
'■'"Bad  Traunstein,  with  mineral,  saline,  and  mud  baths,  a  hydro- 
pathic establishment,  and  large  garden,  pens.  S^/o-1  Jf^,  a  thriving 
place  with  5400  inhab.,  on  a  slope  of  the  Traun,  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  summer-resort.  The  extensive  salt-works  are  situated 
iu  the  suburb  of  Am,  on  the  Traun ;  the  brine  evaporated  here  is 
conducted  iu  pipes  from  Reichenhall  (p.  '224),  a  distance  of  2'2'/2  M. 

From  Tkauxstein  to  Reichenhall  via  Inzell,  221,2  M.  (post-omnibus 
to  Inzell,  11  M.,  daily  in  3  hrs.;  carr.  and  pair  to  Reichenhall  22  JO.  The 
road,  which  beyond  Inzell  will  also  repay  the  pedestrian,  leads  via  {i^'-:  M.) 
Ober-Siegsdorf  through  the  valley  of  the  Rothe  Traun  to  (4  M.)  Inzell 
(2275  ft.;  '^Posi),  a  village  iu  the  bed  of  an  ancient  lake.  It  then  passes 
between  the  Falkmstein  on  the  left  and  the  Kienberg  on  the  right,  and 
traverses  the  deep  ^Veissbach-Thal  to  the  village  of  Wcissbach  (1995  ft.). 
Farther  on,  the  road  ("Neuweg")  is  carried  along  the  rocky  slope  on  the 
left,  adjoining  the  salt-water  conduit,  to  the  (6  M.)  ' Maulhhdusl  (p.  22oJ. 
Thence  lo  (SM.)  Reichenhall^  see  p.  225. 


224    Route  38.      '  REICHENHALL. 

Feom  Tkadnstein  to  Teostberg,  13M.,  local  railway  in  i^jshr..  through 
the  pretty  Traunthal,  via  Bad  Empfing^  Stein  an  der  Traun  (Inn),  and  (11 M.) 
Altenmarkt.     The  two  last-named  are  both  I1/2  hr.  from  Seeon  (p.  223). 

The  Salzburg  train  crosses  the  Traun  by  a  bridge  75  ft.  in  height. 
To  the  S.,  above  the  lower  heights,  towers  the  Stauffen,  and  farther 
on,  the  Untersberg.  77  M.  Lauter ;  83  M.  Teisendorf,  with  the 
ruined  castle  of  Raschenberg ;  891/2  M.  Freilassing  (1380  ft.; 
^Fockerer;  ^Maffei,  ^UM.  from  the  station),  the  junction  of  the 
lines  to  the  S.  to  Reichenhall  (see  below)  and  on  the  N.  to  Titt- 
moning  (23  M.  in  2  hrs.).  The  train  crosses  the  Saalach  (the 
Austrian  frontier);  to  the  right  is  Schloss  Klesheini;  to  the  left,  the 
church  of  Maria-Plain.  The  Salzach  is  then  crossed ;  to  the  right  a 
view  of  Hohen-Salzburg  is  suddenly  disclosed. 

95  M.  Salzburg,  see  Baedekefs  Eastern  Alps  or  Baedekers  Austria. 


The  Reichexhall  Line  diverges  to  the  left  at  Freilassing 
(see  above)  and  ascends  the  left  bank  of  the  Saalach.  On  the  right 
is  the  wooded  Hogelherg;  on  the  left  the  Gaisberg  and  Untersberg. 
93  M.  Hammerau.  On  the  right,  near  (95  M.)  Piding^  at  the  base 
of  the  abrupt  Hochstauffen  (p.  225),  stands  the  ruin  of  Staiiffeneck. 
The  train  then  crosses  the  Saalach  to  — 

1031/2  M.  Beichenhall.  —  Hotels:  ^Cvkhaus  Achselmaxnstein,  with 
garden,  R.  &  L.  4  (before  the  season  3).  D.  S  J/ ;  *Cue-Hotel  Buekeet, 
adjoining  the  Ciir-Park,  R.  &  A.  from  3,  B.  1,  D.  3  J( ;  *Deutschee  Kaiseb, 
with  garden-restaurant.  R.  l^/s-i,  pens.  7-10^///,-  *Louisenbad;  *Maximilians- 
bad  ;  ==Maeiexbad  (Br.  Hess)  :  'Bad  Kiechbeeg  (p.  225),  all  suitable  for  a  pro- 
longed stay.  Apartments  with  pension:  Villa  Hessisg,  Schader,  Mann, 
WiTTELSBACH,  etc.  —  *H6tel  Bavaeia,  at  the  Reichenhall-Kirchherg  station, 
R.  2-3,  D.  2V2,  pens,  from  6  Jl ;  Villa  Thalfeied  (hot.  garni),  with  cafe- 
restaurant;  "'RussiscHEE  HoF,  R.  11/2-21/2,  D.  2^12  Jl ;  *Post  (or  Keone), 
R.  2..//;  *Munchnee  Hof;  Hotel  Bahnhof,  with  garden-restaurant;  Gold- 
nee  HiESCH,  R.  1-3,  B.  1/2  Jl.,  unpretending. 

Cafes,  etc.:  Cafe  Mayr,  also  a  restaurant  and  lodging-house  (R.  &  A. 
11/2  «^0i  with  garden ;  siaimer,  by  the  Cur-Garten ;  ''Niedermaier''s  Cafi- 
Meierei,  prettily  situated  3/4  M.  to  the  N.  of  the  Cur-Park,  in  the  di- 
rection of  the  Saalach ;  Fischerbrdukeller,  with  garden ;  Railway  Restaurant. 
—  Schiffmann^  confectioner. 

Visitors'  Tax  (for  a  stay  of  more  than  a  week)  ibjl  (less  in  proportion 
for  members  of  a  family). 

Baths  at  the  Dianabad  (with  inhalation  and  pneumatic  cabinets),  at 
the  Curhaus  Achselmannstein,  Louisenbad,  Bad  Kirchberg,  etc. 

Post  and  Telegraph  Office  in  the  market-place  and  at  the  station 
(poste  restante). 

English  Church  Service  in  summer. 

Reichenhall  (1555  ft.),  a  favourite  watering-place  on  the  Saale 
or  Saalach  (3800  inhab.),  is  picturesquely  bounded  on  three  sides  by 
an  amphitheatre  of  mountains,  the  L'ntersberg  (6480  ft.),  Latten- 
gebirge  (5700  ft.),  Reitalpgebirge  (6460  ft.),  Miillnerhom  (4500  ft.), 
Ristfeichtkogl  (5315  ft.),  Sonntagshom  (6430  ft.),  and  Hochstauffen 
(5815  ft.).  This  is  the  central  point  of  union  of  the  four  principal 
Bavarian  salt-works,  which  are  connected  by  conduits  of  an  aggregate 
length  of  50  M.  The  large  Salinengebdude,  or  salt-work  buUdings.  in 
the  market-place,  contain  the  offices  on  the  right,  and  four  Sudhiiuser 


^ 


1 


-^. 


REICHENHALL.  38.  Route.     225 

('boiling-houses',  from  'siedeii';  comp.  Engl,  seethe,  suds)  on  the 
left,  opposite  which  is  the  handsome  Hauptbrunnhaus,  or  pump- 
house.  In  the  latter  (second  door  to  the  left)  tickets  of  admission 
(1  J^)  to  the  springs  and  the  salt-pans  are  obtained. 

The  sources  of  the  saline  springs  of  Reichenhall,  fifteen  in  number, 
are  about  50  ft.  below  the  surface  of  the  soil,  and  are  reached  by  a 
flight  of  72  steps.  Five  of  them  are  so  strongly  impregnated  (Edelquelle, 
25V2  per  cent)  that  they  are  at  once  conducted  to  the  Gradirhaus  (see 
below),  and  also  supply  the  fountain  in  the  Gradir-Park.  The  fresh-water 
springs  are  conveyed  to  the  Saalach  by  means  of  a  shaft  I1/2  M.  in  length 
and  8  ft.  in  height.  The  pump-house  contains  the  two  huge  wheels  by 
which  the  pumps  are  worked.  On  the  second  floor  is  a  chapel  in  the  By- 
zantine style,  with  stained-glass  windows.  In  the  court  are  two  fresh-water 
fountains  adorned  with  statues  of  SS.  Virgilius  and  Rupert. 

The  Churchy  in  the  Romanesque  style,  is  adorned  with  small 
frescoes  by  Schwind.  A  new  Protestant  Church  adjoins  the  Cur- 
Garten,    Above  the  town  rises  the  old  castle  of  Gruttenstein  (1680  ft.). 

Reichenhall  is  resorted  to  by  patients  suffering  from  general 
debility,  chronic  rheumatism,  pulmonary  affections,  asthma,  etc., 
who  find  relief  in  the  mild  and  hijihly  ozonized  air,  as  well  as  from 
the  salt-baths,  saline  and  pine-needle  inhalation,  etc.  The  chief 
rallying-point  of  visitors  is  the  Cur-Garten.,  beside  the  Gradirhajis 
(behind  the  Hotel  Burkert),  with  a  covered  promenade,  a  cafe,  etc., 
where  a  band  plays  from  6.30  to  8  a.m.  and  from  5  to  7  p.m.  (on 
Tues.  and  Frid.  afternoons  at  Bad  Kirchberg,  see  below).  The  Cur- 
Anlagen  contain  the  Soolsprudel,  a  salt-water  fountain  20  ft.  in  height. 
The  Gradirwerk  (evaporating-house),  180  yds,  long,  is  exclusively 
devoted  to  the  purposes  of  the  inhalation  cure. 

Near  the  station  of  Reichenhall-Kirchberg  (p.  2'27),  a  handsome 
new  bridge  crosses  the  Saalach  to  the  *Kkchherg  Bath-House,  with 
salt  and  mineral  baths  and  whey-cure  (board  5  J/  per  day;  R.  10- 
36  Ji^  per  week,  L.  &  A.  extra). 

Enviroks.  One  of  the  chief  attractions  of  Reichenhall  for  invalids  con- 
sists in  the  numerous  shady  woodland  walks  in  the  immediate  neighbour- 
hood of  the  town,  some  level  and  some  gently  ascending,  e.g.  in  the  Nonner 
Wald.,  Forstplantage,  Kirchholz ,  etc.  These  are  all  marked  by  guide- 
boards  and  distance-posts.  —  On  the  Salzburg  road,  V2  31.  to  the  X.E.  of 
the  Curhaus  ,  lies  St.  Zeno  (Hofwirth;  Schwahenbrdu).,  once  an  Augustine 
monastery,  of  very  ancient  origin,  but  suppressed  in  1803,  and  fitted  up  in 
1853  as  a  nunnery  and  school.  —  The  Konigsweg,  a  winding  path  among 
the  fine  pines  of  the  Kirchholz,  begins  behind  the  monastery  and  ascends 
gradually  to  ('/_>  hr.)  the  ^os^erfto/ (1770  ft. ;  Cafe).  Hence  across  the  hill  to 
Gross-Gmain.  20  minutes. 

To  Gross-Gmain,  a  pleasant  walk  of  40  minutes.  The  route  (footpath 
past  Staimer''3  cafe,  or  road  past  the  Villas  Hessing  and  Langenfeld)  crosses 
the  hill,  turns  to  the  left  by  an  old  lime-tree,  and  descends  gradually. 
Fine  view  of  the  Untersberg  and  Lattengebirge  all  the  way.  The  pleasant 
little  village  (1710  ft.-,  Untevsberg ;  Kaiser  Karl)  lies  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Weissbach,  just  beyond  the  Austrian  frontier.  The  picturesque  ruined 
castle  of  Plain  (popularly  called  Salzbuchsel ;  with  belvedere)  lies  H/i  M. 
to  the  E.,  at  the  base  of  the  Vntersberg. 

To  theW.  of  the  Gradir-Park,  beyond  the  (V2  M,)  Konner  Steg  (bridge 
across  the  Saalach),  extends  the  Nanner  Wald,  which  is  intersected  by 
numerous  paths.     The  most  frequented  leads  straight  on    (where  it  forks, 

Baedkker's  S.  Germany.     8th  Edit.  15 


226    Route  38.  UNKEN. 

we  pass  through  the  fence  to  the  right)  to  (V4  M.)  Non  (1590  ft.;  Fuchs- 
hauer^s  Restaurant),  a  village  at  the  foot  of  the  Hochstanffen,  with  an  old 
church  containing  a  Gothic  "Altar  of  the  15th  century.  —  The  "Padinger 
Alpe  (2170  ft. ;  cafe')  may  be  reached  from  Non  in  50  min. ;  splendid  view 
of  the  Reichenhall  valley.  —  Other  pleasant  promenades:  to  the  Molken- 
lauer  (20  min.),  Alpgarten  (^/^  hr.),  Listsee  (1  hr.),  etc.  ;  see  Baedeker''s 
Eastern  Alps. 

Among  the  nearer  mountain-excursions,  the  ascent  of  the  "^Zwiesel 
(5850  ft.),  the  W.  and  highest  peak  of  the  Stauffengebirge ,  is  particularly 
recommended  (4  hrs. ;  guide  unnecessary).  Road  to  the  (3  M.)  farm  of 
Langackev  (rfmts.),  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain ;  bridle-path  thence,  for 
the  most  part  through  beautiful  beech  and  pine  woods,  to  the  (2  hrs.) 
Zwiesel-Alp  (4790  ft. ;  Inn)  and  the  (1  hr.)  summit,  which  commands  a 
magnificent  mountain-panorama.  —  The  ascent  of  the  Hochstanffen  (5815  ft.), 
the  E.  peak  of  the  Stauflengebirge,  is  laborious  (21/2  hrs.  from  the  Zwiesel- 
Alp;  the  ascent  from  Fiding,  on  the  N.  side,  is  preferable,  see  p.  224). 

*To  THE  BIacjthhausl  ,  21/2  hrs.,  a  very  attractive  excursion  (carr. 
with  one  horse  6,  carr.  and  pair  IOV2  Jh  omnibus  daily  in  summer  at 
2.30  p.m.  from  the  Hotel  Achselmannstein,  returning  at  6  p.m.,  return- 
fare  11/2  J().  The  road  leads  to  the  W.,  passing  Bad  Eirchberg  (p.  226),  and 
ascends  a  wooded  ravine.  About  21/2  M.  from  Eeichenhall,  on  two  rocky 
eminences,  are  the  Chapel  of  St.  Pancras  (1800  ft.)  and  the  ruin  of  Karl- 
stein,  two  good  points  of  view.  About  ^l\  M.  farther  on  we  reach  the 
pretty  Thumsee  (1730  ft.),  1/2  ^I-  loi^g  ^"^^  V*  M.  broad  (Restaurant  on  the 
opposite  bank).  The  road  ascends  from  the  W.  end  of  the  lake  through 
the  picturesque  Nesselgrahen  to  the  (IY2M.)  pump-house  of  Obernesselgraben, 
at  the  summit  of  the  pass  (2120  ft.),  and  1/4  31.  farther  on  divides.  The 
left  branch  descends  to  Schnaizlreut  and  Lofer  (see  below);  while  the  right 
branch,  known  as  the  Neuiceg,  maintains  its  high  level  above  the  valley  of 
the  Weissbach  (opposite  rises  the  huge  Rist/eichtkogel,  5315  ft. ;  to  the  S.E. 
the  Watzmann),  and  reaches  the  (1/2  hr.)  *Mauthhausl  (2075  ft. ;  Inn),  in 
a  most  picturesque  situation  above  the  profound  gorge  of  the  "Weissbach. 
A  path  leads  down  to  the  Gorges  of  the  Weissbach  and  the  Schrainbach 
Fall  in  the  ravine  beneath.  —  Beyond  the  Mauthhausl  the  road  goes  on, 
past  Weissbach  and  Inzell,  to   Traunstein  (p.  223). 

Feom  Reichexhali,  to  Lofek,  171/2  M.,  diligence  twice  daily  in  41/2  hrs. ; 
carr.  with  one  horse  17,  with  two  horses  27  Jl.  From  (5  M.)  Obernessel- 
graben  (see  above)  the  road  descends  abruptly  to  (2  M.)  Schnaizlreut  (1670  ft. ; 
Inn),  a  hamlet  in  the  Saalach  valley,  beyond  which  it  crosses  the  Boden- 
biihl  to  (2V4  M.)  TJnken  (1810  ft.;  'Post;  Lamm),  a  favourite  health-resort. 
About  2  M.  to  the  S.  are  the  small  baths  of  Oberrain  (*Inn).  A  visit 
should  be  paid  to  the  imposing  gorge  of  the  "Schwarzberg-Klamm,  21/2  hrs. 
to  the  W.,  and  to  the  Staubfall  (3  hrs.).  The  *Sonntagshorn  (6436  ft.), 
easily  ascended  in  41/2  hrs.  (guide  not  indispensable),  commands  a  magni- 
ficent view.  —  From  Unken  the  road  traverses  the  Kniepass  to  (6  M.)  Lofer 
(2096  ft.;  ''-Post;  'Brdu;  "Schweizer),  a  straggling  village,  much  visited  as 
a  summer-resort,  and  beautifully  situated  between  the  Loferer  Steinberge 
to  the  W.  and  the  Reitalp- Gebirge  to  the  E.  Pleasant  excursions  to  the 
Loferer  Hochthal,  the  Loferer  Alpe,  etc.  About  6  M.  to  the  S.,  on  the  Ober- 
weissbach  road,  is  the  interesting  *Yorderkaser-Elamm.  For  details,  see 
Baedeker''s  Eastern  Alps. 

39.  From  Eeichenhall  to  Berchtesgaden.  Konigs-See. 

Comp.  Map,  p.  224:. 

12  M.  Railway  in  IV*  hr.  (2nd  class  1  Jl  60  pf.,  3rd  class  1  Jl).  The 
tickets  are  sold  by  the  conductor  on  the  train.  The  view-carriages,  for 
which  2nd  class  passengers  have  to  take  an  additional  3rd  class  ticket, 
are  scarcely  recommended.  —  Carriage  from  Reichenhall  via  Hallthurm 
to  Berchtesgaden  (preferable  in  fine  weather)  in  3  hrs.,  with  one  horse 
11  JJ  20  pf.,  with  two  horses  17  Jl  (fee  included);  via  Hintersee  and 
Ramsau   (much  better  than  via  Hallthurm),    15  or  27  Jl ;    see  p.  232.  — 


BERCHTESGADEN.  3'J.  Route.     227 

Omnibus  (1  ^^)  and  Carriages  for  the  Konigs-See  (tariff,  see  p.  228)  meet 
the  trains  at  Berchtesgaden. 

From  Salzbikg  to  BKRCHTESGAobN  :  Steam  Tramway  to  (8  M.)  St.  Leon- 
havd-Drachenloch  in  53  min. ;  omnibus  thence  to  Berchtesgaden  seven  times 
daily  in  V/t  hr.,  and  to  Konigs-See  four  times  daily  in  2  hrs.  Through- 
ticket  from  Salzburg  to  Berchtesgaden,  2nd  cl.  1  fl.  20  kr.,  3rd  cl.  1  fl.; 
to  Konigs-See  1  fl.  70,  1  fl.  50  kr.,  return-ticket  2  fl.  60,  2  fl.  10  kr.  Cir- 
cular ticket  from  Salzburg  to  Berchtesgaden  and  back  via  Reichenhall, 
2fl.  90,  2  fl.  10  kr.  —  Carriage  from  Salzburg  to  Berchtesgaden  5  or  8  fl., 
there  and  back  6  or  10  fl. ;  to  the  Konigs-See  and  back  8  or  12  fl.  (visit  to 
the  salt-mines  included  in  each  case;  the  drive  from  Salzburg  and  back, 
with  a  visit  to  the  salt-works,  occupies  8  hrs.). 

Rekhenhall  (1555  ft.),  see  p.  224.  The  train  skirts  tlieW.  side 
of  the  town  to  (1  M.)  Reichenhall-Kirchherg  (*H6tel  Bavaria,  at  the 
station;  Bad  Kirchberg,  to  the  right,  beyond  the  Saalach,  p.  225) 
and  then  ascends  to  the  left  through  the  valley  of  the  Waidbach 
(4  :  100).  To  the  left  is  the  chateau  of  Gruttenstein  (p.  225).  At 
(2M.)  Gma'm  (1765  ft.;  Restaurant)  we  obtain  a  A-iew  of  theUnters- 
berg  (left)  and  the  Lattengebirge  (right).  To  the  left  lie  the  village 
of  Gross-(3^main  and  the  ruin  of  Plain  (p.  225).  The  train  then  stead- 
ily ascends  along  the  base  of  the  Lattengebirge,  crosses  the  WeUs- 
bach  and  the  old  moraine  of  the  Fuchsenstein,  and  proceeds  throujrh 
line  wood  to  (41/0  M.)  Hallthurm  (2270  ft. ;  ^Pension  HalUhurm), 
picturesquely  situated  on  the  saddle  between  the  Untersberg  and  the 
Lattengebirge,  with  an  old  tower.  We  then  descend.  (2  :  100)  through 
a  wide  green  valley  (in  front,  to  the  right,  the  Hochkalter,  with  the 
Blaueis  glacier,  to  the  left  the  Watzmann)  and  skirt  the  Bischofs- 
wieser  Ache,  which  descends  from  the  right.  In  front  rises  the  Hohe 
Goll,  to  the  right  the  Hagengebirge.  Below  (8V2  M.)  Bischofswiesen 
(2015  ft.;  Brennerbascht  Inn,  Neuwirth,  p.  229)  the  train  crosses 
to  the  left  bank  of  the  Ache.  The  next  part  of  the  line  lies  through 
the  wild.  Tristram  Ravine  (short  tunnel)  to  (lOi/o  M.)  Gmundbrilcke 
(1805  ft.),  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bischofswieser  Ache  with  the 
Ramsaxier  Ache.  The  train  runs  along  the  bank  of  the  latter  to 
(12  M.)  Berchtesgaden  (1770  ft. ;  Hotel  Bahnhof) ;  the  station  lies  to 
the  S.  of  the  town,  near  the  salt-works  (omnibuses  for  the  principal 
hotels  and  the  Konigs-See  in  waiting). 

Berchtesgaden.  —  Hotels.  *Bellevue,  with  baths,  R.,  L.,  &  A. 
2-4,  B.  1,  D.  3,  pension  7-S  Jl,  omn.  60  pf.;  'Leuthaus  or  Post,  R.  2-3. <^, 
B.  80  pf.,  pension  6-7,  omn.  ^j^Jl;  Vier  Jahreszeiten,  at  the  upper  end 
of  the  village,  with  garden  and  view,  R.  21/2,  D-  3,  B.  1,  pens.  6-8.//; 
Hotel-Pension  <fe  Restaurant  Deitsches  Hals,  R.  IVs-S,  pens.  5-7  .//  ,• 
*H6t.-Restaurant  Bahnhof,  at  the  station,  pens.  b^IzM;  Watzmann,  R. 
2  jU;  Krone;  Salzburgek  Hop,  pens.  bJ(-;  Neuhaus;  Xonntu.nxer  Wirths- 
HAUS;  Bar;  Lowe;  Triembacher,  R.  1  ..//;  Zur  Konigs-Allee,  on  the 
Salzburg  road.  —  Pensions:  Geiger,  b-1  Jl  per  day;  Gisel.\-Bad  ;  Berg- 
HOF;  Villa  Minerva,  with  park  and  view;  Luitpolu;  Villa  Holzner 
(Cafi  Waldluft),  in  a  cool  situation;  Waulheim;  Schwabenwirth;  GOhl- 
stein;  Furstenstein;  Wenig;  Zechmeister.  —  Pens.  Gregory,  with  cafe- 
garden,  6-8  J(;  Malterlehen,  Hofreit,  Villa  Koppeleck,  etc..  in  Schonau 
(p.  229);  *Moritz,  Steiner,  and  Regina,  on  the  Upper  Salzberg  (p.  229; 
IV4-IV2  hr.). 

Cafes.  *Fors(ner.,  near  the  Post,  with  rooms ;  Deutsches  Haus  (see  above), 

15 -^^ 


228   Route  39.  BERCHTESGADEN. 

beer;  Cafi-Restaurant  Gohlstein,  near  the  Slalerhiigel.  —  Reading  Room 
in  the  Rathhaus  (1st  floor),  adm.  free. 

Baths.  Fresh  and  salt  water  baths  at  the  Bellevne,  the  Leuthaus,  and 
most  of  the  pensions;  Eule)\  Bahnhof-Str. ;  Wilhelmshad^  Maximilian-Str. 
River  Baths  in  the  Gernbach^  3/^  M.  from  the  town,  to  the  left  of  the  Salzburg 
road,  and  at  the  Aschauer  Weiher.  2  M.  to  the  W.  of  the  town  (p.  229). 

Carved  Wares  in  wood,  bone,  and  ivory,  for  which  Berchtesgaden 
has  been  famous  for  centuries,  are  kept  in  great  variety  by  S.  and  P.  Zech- 
meisier^  Kaserer^  Walch,  Wen'g^  Enter,  Grassl,  and  others'. 

Carriages.  To  the  Konigs- See  and  back,  with  stay  ofShrs.,  one-horse 
carriage  8  ^4f,  two-horse  11  Jf  70  pf.  (for  each  additional  hour  1  Jf  more); 
to  Ramsau  8  Ji  10  or  11  Jl  70,  there  and  back  (1/2  a  day)  11  Jl  10  or 
15  Jl  70  pf. ;  Eintersee  11  Jl  40  pf.  or  17  Jl,  there  and  back  13  Jl  40  or 
20  Jf  40  pf.;  to  the  Almhach-Klamm  8  Jl  10  and  11  Jl  70  pf. ;  to  Vordereck 
(Pens.  Moritz),  with  two  horses  11  Jl  70  pf. ;  to  Ilsank  5  Jl  70  pf. ;  to 
ReicTienhall  via  Schwarzbachwacht,  returning  via  Hallthurm,  il  Jl  50  or 
26  Ji?  50  pf.  Fees  included,  but  tolls  extra.  —  Omnibus  from  the  station 
to  Konigs-See  in  connection  with  the  trains  (1  Jl)\  to  the  Wimbach-Klamm 
Hotel  (Ramsau),  twice  daily  in  summer  from  the  station  (2V2  Jl)  ;  to  the 
Eintersee  once  daily  in  July  and  August  (81/2  Jl). 

English  Church  Service  in  summer. 

Berchtesgaden  (1885  ft.),  a  small  Bavarian  town  witli  2300inhab., 
was  down  to  1803  the  seat  of  an  independent  provostry,  or  ecclesias- 
tical principality,  the  dominions  of  which  were  so  mountainous  and 
so  limited  in  extent  (165  sq.  M.),  that  it  was  jestingly  said  to  be 
as  high  as  it  was  broad  (interesting  relief-map  in  the  above-men- 
tioned reading-room).  One-sixth  part  only  was  cultivated,  the 
remainder  consisting  of  rock,  forest,  and  water.  The  handsome  old 
abbey  is  now  a  royal  chateau.  The  Abbey  Church  possesses  Roman- 
esque cloisters,  carved  stalls,  marble  tombs  of  the  Abbots  of  Berch- 
tesgaden, and  an  interesting  crypt.  The  Luitpold  Park^  in  front  of 
the  royal  villa  to  the  S.  of  the  town,  was  embellished  in  1893  with 
a  bronze  *Statue  of  Prince  Luitpold,  regent  of  Bavaria,  by  F.  von  Mil- 
ler. This  point  commands  a  fine  view :  to  the  left  the  Schwarzort, 
Hohe  Goll,  and  Hochbrett,  in  the  background  the  Stuhlgebirge  and 
Schonfeldspitze,  to  the  right  the  Kleine  and  Grosse  Watzmann.  In 
the  valley,  on  the  Ache,  are  situated  extensive  Salt  Works  and  the 
Station  of  the  Reichenhall  Railway  (p.  227).  Berchtesgaden  is  a 
very  favourite  summer-resort,  and  the  environs  afford  an  almost  in- 
exhaustible variety  of  beautiful  walks  and  excursions. 

Walks  (comp.  the  guide-book  issued  by  the  local  Alpine  Club). 
About  3/4  M.  to  the  E.,  on  the  Salzburg  road,  is  the  Salt  Mine,  a  visit  to 
which  requires  about  1  hr.  Ticket  for  the  regular  trips  at  11  a.m.  and 
5  p.m.,  IV2  Jl'  each;  at  other  hours,  from  6  a.m.  to  7  p.m.,  admission  for 
one  person  3'/2  Jl,  for  each  additional  person  I1/2  Jl.  Visitors  of  ea«h 
sex  are  provided  with  a,ppropriate  miners'  costumes  and  with  lanterns. 
The  mine  is  entered  on  foot,  numerous  flights  of  steps  ascended,  and  an 
occasional  descent  accomplished  by  means  of  wooden  slides  inclined  at 
an  angle  of  45'  or  more.  The  'Salz-See',  illuminated  somewhat  feebly  by 
miners'  lamps,  is  traversed  in  a  boat.  The  party  then  passes  through 
several  other  chambers  and  galleries,  the  most  interesting  of  which  is  the 
huge  Kaiser-Franz  chamber,  iiow  deserted,  and  reaches  the  tramway  by 
which  the  mine  is  quitted. 

The  ~Lockstein  (2235  ft. ;  1/2  hr.)  commands  an  admirable  view  of  the 
valley  of  Berchtesgaden,  particularly  by  evening-light.  We  turn  to  the 
right  by  the  abbey-church  and  ascend  the  Doctorberg  by  the  old  Reichen- 


BERCHTESGADEN.  39.  Route.    229 

hall  road;  at  the  hospital  we  turn  to  the  right,  again  kaeping  to  the  right 
where  the  path  divides,  and  proceeding  through  the  wouil  to  the  restau- 
rant. —  A  few  hundred  paces  before  the  hospital,  a  charming  path  to  the 
left  skirts  the  precipitous  Kalherstein  (see  below)  by  the  'Soolenleitung'', 
or  salt-water  conduit,  to  the  ('A  hr.)  Calvavienherg  (flne  view),  and  pro- 
ceeds thence,  passing  above  the  royal  villa,  to  the  new  Reichenhall  road. 
—  Another  pleasant  excursion  may  be  made  by  following  the  old  Reichen- 
hall road  past  the  hospital  (see  above)  as  far  as  the  ('/a  hr.)  Rosthdusl 
(2185  ft.),  and  then  proceeding  to  the  right  through  the  Rosticald  to  (1/4  hr.) 
the  Aschauer  Weiher  (2135  ft.),  with  swimming  and  other  baths  (I/4  M.  to 
the  N.E.  the  'Kestmira/it  Lietfeldkaser,  picturesquely  situated). — A  pleas- 
ant return-route  from  the  ILosthiiusl  to  Berchtesgaden  is  offered  by  the 
Konigsweg,  extending  for  IV2  M.  along  the  wooded  slopes  of  the  Kalher- 
stein, and  joining  the  old  Reichenhall  road  at  the  hospital  (see  above).  — 
A  very  pleasant  walk  may  be  takea  to  Bischofswiesen  (p.  227)  by  follow- 
ing the  old  Reichenhall  road  to  the  (3  M.)  yeuwirih  (3/4  M.  farther  (jn,  near 
the  station,  the  Brennerbascht  Inn),  returning  by  the  new  Reichenhall  road. 
A  fine  return-route  is  also  afforded  by  the  beautiful  Maximilians-Reitweg, 
which  is  reached  through  meadows  (marked  path)  in  about  10  min.  from 
the  railway-station  of  Bischofswiesen.  This  bridle-path  traverses  the 
Roslwald,  on  the  slope  of  the  Untersberg,  and  ends  at  the  Dietfeldkaser 
near  the  Aschauer  Weiher  (see  above).  —  Another  excursion  leads  to  the 
(1  hr.)  Bockl  Weiher  in  the  Slrub  (1985  ft.;  Restaurant;  baths),  via  the 
new  Reichenhall  road  as  far  as  Reito/en,  then  to  the  left  via  Vrhanlehen 
to  the  Bischofswieser  Ache,  the  right  bank  of  which  we  ascend  (from  the 
pond  to  the  Neuwirth,  25  min.)- 

The  Schlosslbichl  (1/2  hr. ;  2075  ft.),  an  inn  with  a  pretty  view,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Oemer-Thal,  is  reached  from  Nonnthal  by  the  Hilgerherg; 
in  the  vicinity  are  the  Etzerschlossl,  a  villa  belonging  to  Prince  Urusotl, 
and  the  Eizer-Miihle,  with  a  waterfall.  A  new  road  leads  hence  to  (20  min.) 
the  village  of  Gem  (2390  ft.;  Inn),  with  the  pilgrimage-church  of  Maria- 
Oern  (good  ceiling-paintings  and  old  votive  tablets).  A  new  path  (red 
marks)  ascends  to  the  right  between  the  school  and  the  inn  to  the  (23 min.) 
*Marxen-Hohe  (2566  ft.),  affording  a  splendid  view, 

Schonau  is  a  scattered  village  on  the  plateau  between  the  Konigsseer 
Ache  and  the  Ramsauer  Ache  (pensions,  see  p.  227).  A  picturesque  walk 
leads  from  the  station  past  the  chateau  of  lAistheim,  to  the  (1  hr.)  Vienna 
Cafi-Garden  at  the  Pens.  Gregory  and  (1/4  M.)  the  Kohlhiesl  (Cafii),  re- 
turning by  the  Unterstein  road  (IV*  hr.)  passing  the  Sulzberglehen,  or  via 
Ilsank  (p.  231;  2  hrs.).  Charming  views  of  the  Hohe  Goll,  Brett,  Kahlers- 
berg,  etc. 

The  Upper  Salzberg  (to  Vordereck  or  Pens.  Moritz,  l'/^  hr. ;  omn. 
from  the  station  to  Pens.  Moritz  daily  at  3.30  p.m.,  3  Jl,  carr.  and  pair 
11  Jl  70  pf.)  may  be  reached  by  crossing  the  Ache  at  the  ritle-range.  and 
proceeding  by  a  road,  shaded  the  greater  part  of  the  way,  past  (1.1/4  hr.) 
the  Pension  Sleiner.  Beyond  this  point  the  road  divides,  the  left  branch 
leading  to  (1/4  hr.)  the  forester's  lodge  at  Vordereck  (3180  ft.;  Cafe;  adjoin- 
ing the  "Pension  Villa  Regina),  the  right  to  (1/4  hr.)  the  "Pension  dc  Restau- 
rant Moritz  (3135  ft.),  in  a  sheltered  situation  (pens.  8  Jl).  The  pensions 
on  the  Upper  Salzberg  (besides  those  already  mentioned:  Bergler;  Holzl; 
Kurz,  etc.)  are  steadily  growing  in  reputation  as  health-resorts. 

The  'Almbach-Klamm,  a  picturesque  gorge  throut;h  which  the  Alm- 
hach  descends  in  cascades  from  the  Untersberg,  is  an  interesting  object 
for  an  excursion  (IV2  hr. ;  carr.  to  the  hotel  in  ^[i  hr.).  We  follow  the 
Salzburg  road  to  (S'/i  M.)  the  *Almbach-Klamm  Hotel,  turn  to  the  left  to 
(5  min.)  a  bridge  over  the  Ache,  descend  the  left  bank  for  5  min.,  and 
near  the  Almhach-Miihle  ascend  on  the  left  side  of  the  gorge,  which  has 
recently  been  made  accessible  by  a  well-constructed  path  CPionierweg") 
as  far  as  the  (3/4  hr.)  Theresienklause  (23SS  ft.).  The  finest  point  is  the 
Oumpe,  a  rocky  basin  with  a  cascade  33  ft.  high  falling  into  a  dark-green 
pool,  about  8  min.  from  the  entrance  of  the  gorge. 

*Vorderbrand  (1V2-2  hrs.;  carr.  and  pair  there  and  back  13  »^  70  pf. ; 
donkey  with  attendant  10  .//).     At  the  (Vi  hr.)  Wemholz,  on  the  old  Konigs- 


230   Route  39.  KONIGS-SEE. 

See  road,  we  diverge  to  the  left  to  (i^/2  Lr.)  Vorderhrand  (3485  ft.  5  *Inn). 
Thence  in  20  min.  to  the  Vordere  and  Eintere  Brandkopf  (3795  ft.),  which 
afford  magnificent  views. 

*Scharitzkehl-Alp  (3360  ft.  \  1V2-2  hrs. ;  guide,  unnecessary,  3,  donkey 
and  attendant  10  Jl).  From  the  rifle-range  we  ascend  the  Herzogberg  to 
the  right,  passing  the  Kalte  Keller  (a  deep  rocky  cleft),  or  diverge  to  the 
left  from  the  Konigs-See  road  opposite  the  station,  and  pass  the  Wald- 
hdusl.  Both  routes  unite  near  the  Schiedlehen.  The  Alp  (rfmts.)  lies  in 
an  extensive  meadow,  surrounded  by  trees,  between  the  Gohlstein  and  the 
Diirreckkopf.  About  8/4  hr.  farther  "up  is  the  Endsthal^  a  desolate  valley 
at  the  W.  base  of  the  Hohe  Goll,  containing  rocky  debris  and  patches  of 
snow.  From  the  Scharitzkehl-Alp  to  Vorderhrand  ^/i  hr.,  to  Vordereck 
11/2  hr.  (p.  229). 

Mountain  ascents  {Kndufelspilze^  Todte  Mann,  Jenner,  Brett.  Gohlstein, 
Hohe  Goll,  etc.),  see  Baedeker''s  Eastern  Alps. 

The  gem  of  this  district  is  the  clear,  dark-green  **K6iiig8-See 
(1975  ft),  or  Lake  of  St.  Bartholomew,  6  M.  long  and  11/4  M.  broad, 
the  most  beautiful  lake  in  Germany,  vying  in  grandeur  with  those 
of  Switzerland  and  Italy,  Some  of  the  surrounding  mountains,  which 
rise  almost  perpendicularly  from  the  water,  are  6500  ft.  in  height 
above  the  lake.  The  new  road,  opened  in  1894,  crosses  the  Ache 
near  the  station  by  an  iron  bridge,  and  gradually  ascends  along  the 
right  bank  of  the  stream  to  (1^4  hr.)  the  village  of  Konigssee  (Zum 
Kbnigssee,  Schiffmeister,  both  on  the  lake),  on  the  bank  of  the  lake, 
with  a  small  bath-house. 

The  'SchitYmeister'  Moderegger  presides  over  the  rowing-boats  and 
their  crews,  and  regulates  their  trips.  The  fares  are  paid  to  him  on  return- 
ing; the  rowers  usually  receive  a  small  gratuity.  The  latter  are  sometimes 
stalwart  peasant-girls,  the  sinews  of  whose  arms  might  well  be  coveted  by 
heroes  of  the  Isis  or  the  Cam.  From  the  middle  of  June  to  1st  Oct.  there 
are  four  regular  trips  daily  round  the  lake,  starting  at  8.30  a.m.,  11.30 
a.m.,  1.30  p.m.,  and  2.30  p.m.,  and  occupying  about  43/4  hrs.,  including 
3/4  hr.  at  the  Sallet-Alp  and  1  hr.  at  St.  Bartholoma  (fare  for  each  pers. 
IV2  -^t).  Small  boat  (2  pers.),  with  one  rower,  to  St.  Bartholoma  3  Ji; 
with  two  rowers  (1-4  pers.)  to  St.  Bartholoma  41/2,  to  the  Saliet-Alp  6V2  ^1^; 
with  three  rowers  (7  pers.)  71/2  and  11  Ji ;  for  parties  of  10  or  upwards 
1  Jf'  and  11/2  Jl  each.  The  best  plan  is  to  row  direct  to  the  Sallet-Alp 
(IY2  hr.),  and  call  at  St.  Bartholoma  in  returning.  The  most  favourable 
light  is  in  the  early  morning  or  late  in  the  afternoon. 

Lake  Yoyage.  To  the  left,  on  a  promontory,  is  iheVilla  Beust; 
in  the  lake  lies  the  islet  of  Christlieger,  with  a  statue  of  St.  John 
Nepomuk.  The  boat  passes  the  Falkensteln.  a  rock  with  a  cross  com- 
memorating the  wreck  of  a  boat  with  a  party  of  pilgrims  about  150 
years  ago.  The  lake  now  becomes  visible  in  its  entire  extent;  iu 
the  background  rise  the  Sagereckwand,  the  Grunsee-Tauern,  and  the 
Funtensee-Tauern,  and  adjoining  them  on  the  right  the  SchlJnfeld- 
spitze  (8700  ft.).  On  the  E.  bank  the  Konlgshach  falls  over  a  red 
cliff  (about  2525  ft.)  into  the  lake.  A  little  farther  on,  at  the  deepest 
part  of  the  lake  (616  ft.),  a  long,  reverberating  echo  is  awakened 
by  a  pistol  fired  in  the  direction  of  the  W.  cliffs  (Brentenwand).  In 
the  vicinity,  on  the  E.  bank,  not  far  from  the  Kessel  Fall,  is  a  cavern 
on  a  level  with  the  water,  called  the  Kuchler  Loch,  from  which  a 
streamlet  enters  the  lake.  The  boat  touches  at  the  Kessel,  a  wooded 
promontory  on  the  E,  bank,  whence  a  good  path,   leading  through 


OBERSEE.  39.  Route.    231 

the  Kesselgraben,   ascends  to  the  (10  min.)  pretty  ■waterfall  of  the 
Kesselbach  (bridle-path  to  the  Gotzen-ALp,  see  below). 

The  boat  now  proceeds  to  the  S.W.  to  St.  Bartholoma,  a  green 
promontory,  with  a  chapel  and  a  former  royal  hunting  chateau.  At 
the  restaurant  kept  by  the  forester  good  salmon-trout  (Salmo  scUve- 
linus,  Ger.  Saibling)  may  be  obtained  (dear).  In  the  cellar  is  a  large 
tank  for  keeping  the  fish. 

On  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  lake  the  Schrainbach  is  precipitated 
into  it  from  a  rocky  gorge.  The  Sallet-Alp^  a  poor  pasture  V2  M.  in 
breadth  and  strewn  with  moss-grown  rocks,  with  a  villa  of  the  Duke 
of  Meiningen,  separates  the  Ki5nigs-See  from  the  beautiful  *Obersee 
(2000  ft.),  a  lake  1  M.  long,  enclosed  on  three  sides  by  lofty  pre- 
cipices of  limestone.  To  the  left  rises  the  sheer  Zauneru'and;  beyond 
it  tower  the  Teufelshorner  (7855  ft,),  from  which  a  brook  descends 
over  the  Rothswand  in  several  arms  from  a  height  of  1800  ft.  On  the 
E.  bank  is  the  Fischunkel-Alp,  to  which  a  narrow  path  (not  recom- 
mended) leads  on  the  S.  bank  in  1/2  ^^- 

From  the  Kessel  (p.  230)  a  good  path  in  lono  windings  ascends  to  the 
(31/2-4  hrs.  j  guide,  unnecessarjs  5  Jf)  *Gotzen-Alp  (5530  ft.),  opposite  St. 
Bartholoma  (rustic  quarters,  with  5  beds,  in  the  Springel- Kaser).  Magni- 
ficent view  of  the  Uebergossene  Aim,  Steinerne  Meer,  Watzmann,  Hohe 
Goll,  Untersberg,  etc.  The  view  towards  the  N.  is  imperfect  until  we 
reach  the  (1/4  hr.)  Feuerpalfen  (5640  ft.)  on  the  N.W.  margin  of  the  Alp. 
Somewhat  beyond  that  point,  from  the  brink  of  the  rock  lower  down,  the 
lake  and  St.  Bartholoma  are  visible  3300  ft.  below  us.  Descent  to  the 
(2  hrs.)  KesseL  where  a  boat  (previously  ordered)  should  be  in  waiting. 
To  THE  Ramsau  a  road  leads  direct  from  the  Konigs-See  via  Schonau 
(p.  229)  to  (41/2  M.)  Ilsank  (see  below). 

From  Berchtbsgaden  to  Rbichexhall  (12  M.),  railway  via 
Haltthurm  in  IV4  hr.  ;  see  p.  227.  A  far  preferable  route,  however, 
is  the  Road  by  the  Ramsau  and  the  Schwarzbacuwacht  (20  M. ; 
omn.  daily  to  the  Hintersee,  see  p.  228).  The  road  passes  the  Luit- 
pold  Park  and  beyond  the  Theresien-AUe'e  joins  the  new  Reichen- 
hall  road.  After  3/^  M.  (direction- post)  it  descends  to  the  left, 
crossing  the  (1/3  M.)  Gmundbrilcke  over  the  Bischofswieser  Ache. 
At  (21/4  M.)  Ilsank  (1910  ft. ;  Inn,  pens.  4-5  J^)  a  brook  descend- 
ing about  400  ft.  works  a  pump  by  which  the  salt-water  from  the 
mines  is  forced  up  to  the  Soldenkijpfl,  1200  ft.  higher,  and  over  the 
Schwarzbachwacht  to  Reichenhall,  a  distance  of  20  M. 

A  (light  of  steps  ascends  thence  to  the  Stildenkopfl  (3110  ft.;  simple  re- 
freshments in  the  pump-house)  whence  a  good  path  with  fine  views  leads 
along  the  brine  conduit  to  the  (IV4  hr.)  Zipfelhdusl  (rfmts.)  and  the  {\},i  hr.) 
Schwarzbachwncht  (p.  232). 

The  fine  new  road  now  runs  along  the  left  bank  of  the  foaming 
Ache ;  to  the  left  a  grand  view  of  the  Watzmann ;  before  us  rises  the 
broad  Steinberg.  The  *Ramsau  is  remarkably  picturesque  omng  to 
.  the  contrast  of  the  luxuriant  vegetation  of  the  valley  with  the  impos- 
ing and  picturesquely-shaped  grey  mountains.  —  On  the  left  (1V2^^-) 
a  finger-post  indicates  the  path  to  the  'Jagdschloss  Wimbach'. 

A  path  crossing  the  bridge  (2050  ft.;  *Restaurant)  to  the  left,  and 
ascending  to  the  right  by  the  'Trinkhalle',  leads  to  the  ('/*  hr.)  'Wimbach- 


232   Route  39.  HINTERSEE. 

Elamm.  The  clear  blue  water  of  the  brook  here  forms  beautiful  falls  in 
its  rocky  ravine,  into  which  the  sun  shines  about  noon. 

The"  ascent  of  the  *Watzmann  (6-7  hrs. ;  guide  10  J(,  to  the  middle 
peak  12  J(;  to  the  Watzmann-Haiis,  6  Jt),  is  not  ditficult  for  experts. 
We  ascend  from  (11/4  hr.)  Ilsank  by  Schappach  (rfmts.)  to  the  (2V4  hrs.) 
Mitterkaser-Alpe  (4570  ft.)  and  the  (IV2  hr.)  Watzmann-ffaus  on  the  Falz- 
kijpfl  (6330  ft.-,  *Inn  in  summer).  Thence  we  ascend  the  arete  to  the  E. 
of  the  Watzmann-Gi"uhe  and  over  the  Watzmann- Anger  to  the  (2-2V2  hrs.) 
Watzmann-Hocheck  (8700  ft.),  on  which  are  a  trigonometrical  bench-mark 
and  two  crosses.  The  *View  embraces  the  Gross-Glockner,  Gross -Vene- 
diger,  Krimmler  Tauern.  the  vast  Bavarian  plain,  the  entire  Salzkammer- 
gut  and  district  of  Berchtesgaden,  with  the  Wimbach-Thal  below,  and  the 
KiJnigs-See  and  Obersee  to  the  S. 

On  the  road,  ^jo  M.  above  the  finger-post  (see  p.  231),  is  the  ^Inn 
zur  Wimbachklamm  (pens.  4-5  t///),  and  a  little  beyond  it  the  *Jnn 
zum  Hochkalter.  Then  (3/^  M.)  Ramsau  (2190  ft.;  Olerwirth,  ^vell 
spoken  of).  About  ^/^  M.  farther  on  the  road  divides,  the  branch  to 
the  Hintersee  and  the  Hirschbichel  (see  below)  leading  to  the  left. 
The  Road  to  Reichenhall  ascends  straight  on  (right),  past  the 
small  Taubensee  (2845  ft.)  and  through  beautiful  pine-woods,  to  the 
(2^/4  M.)  Schwarzbachwacht  (2910  ft.),  a  pump-house  on  the  sum- 
mit of  the  pass,  beyond  which  the  Brine  Conduit  (p.  231 )  runs  par- 
allel with  the  road  (I/4  M.  farther  on  is  the  small  Inn  zur  Schu-arz- 
hachwacht).  The  road  then  descends  into  the  deep  wooded  valley 
between  the  Reiter-Alpe  on  the  left  and  the  Lattengehirge  on  the 
right,  and  (3  M.)  crosses  the  Schivarzbach.  At  the  (1  M.)  Jettenberg 
pump-house  (1795  ft.;  rfmts.),  at  the  end  of  the  valley,  another 
bridge  crosses  the  Schwarzbach,  which  forms  a  fine  cascade  (Staub- 
fall)  here  and  falls  into  the  Saalach  immediately  below.  The  road 
skirts  the  right  bank  of  the  Saalach,  passing  opposite  Fronau.^  to 
(41/2  M.)  Reichenhall  (p.  224). 

The  Ober-Weissbach  Road  crosses  the  Ache  and  again  forks. 
The  new  road  leads  to  the  left,  partly  through  wood,  with  fine  views 
of  the  Reiter-Alpe,  etc.,  and  skirting  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Hinter- 
see, to  the  (1  hr.)  Auzinger  Inn  (see  below),  where  it  rejoins  the 
old  road.  The  latter,  to  the  right  at  the  fork,  recrosses  the  Ache,  and 
ascends  to  the  (I72  M.)  Hintersee  (2580  ft.),  the  W.  bank  of  which 
it  follows.  Not  far  from  the  N.W.  end  of  the  lake,  near  the  small 
St.  Antoni  Chapel^  is  the  Wartstein  Inn  (pens.  4-5  ^//),  affording  a 
picturesque  view  of  the  Hochkalter  with  the  Blaueis,  the  Hohe  GoU, 
etc.  About  3/4  M.  farther  on.  ^4  M.  from  the  upper  end  of  the  lake, 
are  the  forester's  house  of  Hintersee  (2605  ft.)  and  the  Bavarian 
custom-house.    Opposite  is  *Auzinger's  Inn. 

ExcDRSioNs  from  the  Hintersee  (Blaueis,  Edelweisslahneriopf,  Stadel- 
hoiti,  Hochkalter,  etc.),  see  Baedeker^s  Eastern  Alps. 

Those  who  desire  to  proceed  to  Reichenhall  from  the  Hintersee  take 
the  road  to  the  left  at  the  N.  end  of  the  lake,  skirting  the  W.  side  of  the 
Wartstein  (ascended  in  26  min. ;  pretty  view),  turn  to  the  left  again  10  min. 
farther  on,  and  in  1/2  hr.  reach  the  Reichenhall  road  below  the  Taubensee 
(see  above). 

The  beautiful  vaUey  between  the  Hochkalter  (left)  and  the  Beftcr- 
Aif)€  (Grundiibelhorner,  Miihlsturzhorn;  right)  is  now  ascended  to 


MUHLDORF.  40.  Route.    233 

the  (6  M. )  Hirschbichel  (3780  ft. ;  Inn)^  with  tlie  Austrian  custom- 
house of  Moonoacht. 

The  Kammerlinghorn  (8045  ft.),  ascended  from  the  Hirschbichel  in  S'/z- 
4  hrs.  (somewhat  fatiguing ;  guide,  de>irable,  5  M,  from  Ramsau  11  Jt), 
is  an  admirable  point  of  view  (Stcinerne  Meer,  Tantrn,  etc.). 

The  road  ascends  a  few  hundred  paces  farther  to  its  highest 
point  (3870  ft.),  and  then  descends  into  the  Saalach-Thal  (the  marked 
footpath  saves  1/4  hr.).  Before  us  rise  the  imposing  Leogang  Stein- 
berge.  About  21/4  M.  from  the  Hirschbichel,  near  a  saw-mill,  a 
finger-post  indicates  the  way  to  the  *Seisenberg-Klamm,  a  profound 
and  very  picturesque  gorge,  hollowed  out  by  the  action  of  the  Wem- 
bach,  which  dashes  over  huge  blocks  of  rock  below.  At  the  (25  min.) 
Binder- Mi'ihle,  at  the  lower  end  of  the  ravine,  we  reach  the  Saalach- 
Thal;  a  road  leads  hence  to  (V2  M.)  Ober -Weissbach  (2150  ft.; 
*Auvogl^  near  the  church),  where  we  rejoin  the  road  from  the  Hirsch- 
bichel (to  the  left).    The  *Jnn  zur  Frohnwies  lies  V2  M.  to  the  S. 

The  road  to  Saalfelden  (one-horse  carr.  from  Frohnwies  4,  two- 
horse  6-7  fl. :  omnibus  twice  daily  in  summer,  1  fl.)  traverses  a  defile 
(HoUwege),  6  M.  long,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saalach,  Near  the 
deserted  mill  of  Diesbach^  the  stream  of  that  name  forms  a  pretty 
waterfall  (8  min.  to  the  left  of  the  road).  The  valley  then  expands, 
and  the  Tauern  chain  is  seen  towards  the  S. 

91/2  M.  Saalfelden,  on  the  Salzburg  and  Tyrol  Kailway,  see  Bae- 
deker's Eastern  Alps. 

40.  From  Munich  to  Linz  by  Simbach 

148  M.  Railway  in  4V4-IIV2  lirs.  (fares  IG  Jl  80,  10  Jl  90,  G  Ulf  50  pf. ; 
by  'Orient  Express',  first  class  only,  2i  Jl  60  pf.). 

From  the  Munich  Central  Station  to  the  (6  M.)  East  Station, 
where  the  Rosenheim  line  branches  off  to  the  right,  see  p.  221.  To 
the  right,  in  the  distance,  are  the  Alps,  with  the  Wendelstein. 

Several  unimportant  stations.  19  M.  Schtvaben,  a  thriving  village 
(branch-line  to  Erding).  Near  (47  M.)  Ampfing  Emp.  Lewis  the 
Bavarian  defeated  and  took  prisoner  his  rival  Frederick  of  Austria 
in  1322.  To  commemorate  the  victory  he  erected  the  small  church 
to  the  left  on  the  railway.  —  52  M.  Miilildorf  (1260ft.;  Post;  '^Eberl, 
by  the  rail,  station,  plain),  a  little  town  on  the  Inn,  with  2925 
inhab.,  lies  below  the  level  of  the  line,  from  which  its  towers  only 
are  visible.    To  Rosenheim  and  Plattling,  see  R.  43. 

Near  (60  M.)  Neu-Oetting  (Post)  the  line  crosses  the  Isen  above 
its  confluence  with  the  Inn. 

Alt-Oetting  (Post;  Cafi  Wasmr).,  3V<  M.  to  the  E.  (diligence  in  s/^  hr.), 
is  a  famous  pilgrimage-resort,  with  a  miraculous  image  of  the  Viriiin  (in 
the  small  church  in  the  market),  said  to  have  been  bnmght  from  the  East 
in  the  7th  century.  The  abbey-church  contains  the  tomb  of  Tilly  (p.  132); 
in  the  treasury  are  preciona  relics  dating  from  the  8th  cent,  downwards. 

The  line  approai^hes  the  Inn;  broad  willow-clad  valley;  to  the 
left,  wooded  hills.  64  M.  Perach,  prettily  situated  on  the  hill  to 
the  left.  A  long  embankment  on  the  river-side  is  next  traversed.  — 


234      Roide  40.  BRAUNAU. 

Near  (68  M.)  Marktl  the  mountains  recede,  and  the  train  quits  the 
Inn,  into  which  the  Salzach  falls  3  M.  to  the  S.  An  omnibus  plies 
thrice  daily  in  1^/4  hr.  from  Marktl  to  Burghausen,  on  the  Salzach, 
with  an  interesting  old  ducal  castle.  —  73  V2  M.  Buck.  —  76  M. 
Simbacli  (Alte  Post ;  Rail.  Restaurant),  the  last  Bavarian  station ; 
luggage  is  examined  here  by  Austrian  custom-house  officers.  The 
Inn  is  then  crossed. 

78  M.  Braunau  (Ente;  PostJ^  an  old-fashioned  town  with  3100 
inhabitants.  The  late-Gothic  Church  of  the  15th  cent.,  has  a  fine 
tower  (interior  modernized  in  bad  taste).  In  the  Promenaden-Platz 
by  the  Spitalkirche  rises  the  *Palm  Monument,  in  bronze,  designed 
by  KnoU,  in  memory  of  John  Palm,  the  patriotic  bookseller  of  Nurem- 
berg, who  was  shot  at  Braunau  by  Napoleon's  order  (comp.  p.  102). 
—  Branch-line  to  Steindorf,  see  Baedeker  s  Austria. 

Beyond  this  the  country  is  pretty  and  wooded.  84  M.  Minning ; 
88  m.  Obernberg-Altheim.  The  line  ascends;  to  the  left,  farther  on, 
we  have  a  fine  survey  of  the  Innthal.  90  M.  Geinberg ;  921/2  M. 
Garten.  —  lOOM.Eied  (Lowe),  a  thriving  town  (4500inhab.)  on  the 
Oberach  and  Breitach,  and  junction  of  the  Salzkammergut  Railway 
(see  Baedeker's  Eastern  Alps').  The  Schwanthaler-Str.  contains  the 
ancestral  home  of  the  famous  sculptor  of  that  name. 

The  line  again  ascends,  affording  views  to  the  right  and  left. 
104  M.  Peterskirch;  108  M.  Pram-Haag ;  116  M.  Neumarkt.  Thence 
to  Wels  and  (148  M.)  Linz,  see  p.  240  and  Baedeker's  Austria. 

41.  From  Nuremberg  to  Furth  [and  Prague). 

100  M.  Railway  to  Furth  in  3V2-6V2  hrs.  (fares  12  J(  90,  8  Ji  60,  5  J( 
50  pf.),  to  Prague  in  SVs-HVz  hrs. ;  custom-house  examination  at  Furth. 

Nuremberg,  see  p.  95.  The  line  ascends  the  left  bank  of  the 
Pegnitz  (on  the  right  bank  runs  the  line  to  Eger  via  Schnabelwaid, 
p.  109).  — 21/2  M.  M og eldorf  (RestaxLX&nt  zur  Ostbahn)  ;  3/^  M.  from 
the  station  the  Schmaussenbuck,  a  favourite  resort  from  Nuremberg 
(p.  109).  —  4  M.  Laufamholz.  On  the  right  near  (7  M.)  Rothenbach 
rises  the  Moritzberg  (shady  path  to  the  top  in  1^/4  hr.,  via  Rocken- 
brunn),  which  commands  the  plain  of  Nuremberg  and  the  valley  of 
the  Pegnitz.  IQi/o  M.  Lauf,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Pegnitz  (p.  109  ; 
Oertel's  Restaurant,  at  the  station);  13  M.  Ottensoos  ;  15  M.  Henfen- 
f eld,  with  a  small  chateau.  — 171/2^.  Hersbruck(p.  109);  the  station 
lies  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Pegnitz,  1/2  M.  from  the  town,  and 
11/4  M.  from  the  other  station  (p.  109)  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Peg- 
nitz, on  the  N.  side  of  the  town. 

Near  (20 M.)  Pommeis&runn  (Birner,  at  the  station;  *Paulus, 
Vogel,  in  the  village),  a  summer-resort,  prettily  situated  at  the  base 
of  the  Houbirg,  the  line  quits  the  Pegnitz-Thal,  which  here  turns  to 
the  N.  Scenery  picturesque.  23  M.  Hartmannshof ;  26  M.  Etzelwang 
(N.E.,   the  ruined  Rupprechtstein  and  the  well-preserved  Schloss 


•    AMBERG.  47.  Route.     235 

Neidstein).  —  28  M.   Neukirehen ,   on  the  watershed  between   the 
Main  and  the  Danube. 

From  Nedkibchek  to  Weiden  (31V2  M. ,  railway  in  2  hrs.).  Stations 
Grossalbershof.,  Sc?wnli»d,  and  (1272  M.)  Vilseck,  an  old  town  on  the  Vils, 
with  a  late-Gothic  church.  Then  Laiujeiibruck,  Freii/ng,  llothtnbac/i,  Weiher- 
hammer^  where  the  Heidenab  is  crossed,  and  (31'/2  M.)   Weideii  (p.  134). 

34  M.  Sulzbach  (1394  ft. ;  Krone ;  pop.  4668),  with  an  old  Schioss 
of  the  Dukes  of  Pfalz-Neuburg-Sulzbach,  now  a  house  of  correction 
for  women.  36  M.  Rosenberg,  with  the  blast-furnaces  of  the  Max- 
hiitte  (p.  134);  391/2  M-  Altmannshof.  To  the  right  rises  the  Erz- 
herg.  with  its  iron-mines, 

411/.2  M.  Amberg(1235  ft. ;  PfdlzerHof;  Mayerhofers  Restau- 
rant, both  near  the  station),  a  town  on  the  Vils,  with  i9,100inhab., 
has  a  well-preserved  wall  and  moat ,  and  is  encircled  by  a  fine 
avenue.  The  large  Jesuits'  College  is  now  occupied  by  the  gymna- 
sium, a  seminary  ,  and  a  brewery.  The  late-Gothic  C/mrc/t  o/" -Sf. 
^arfin  (15th  cent.),  with  a  tower  295  ft.  high,  contains  a  tombstone 
of  Count  Palatine  Rupert  (d.  1393).  The  Rathhaus ,  with  its  two 
fine  halls  ,  contains  the  valuable  archives  of  the  town.  The  large 
Prison  has  room  for  1300  convicts.  Guns  for  the  Bavarian  army 
are  made  at  the  Gewehrfabrik  here.  Outside  the  Vilsthor  is  a  mon- 
ument to  Max  Joseph  I.  The  Mariahilfberg  (1630  ft.),  with  a 
pilgrimage-church,  affords  an  extensive  prospect  (Inn). 

45  M.  Hiltersdorf;  50  M.  Freihbls;  55  M.  Irrenlohe.  We  then 
cross  the  Nab.  58  M.  Schwandorf  (p .  134),  junction  of  the  Eger 
and  Ratisbon  line  (R.  27).  Our  line  turns  to  the  E.,  traversing 
wood  and  passing  several  large  ponds.  66  M.  Altenschicand;  70  M. 
Bodemudhr;'lldU.  Neubau; 80^2^-  -Rorfm(7(1164ft.;  Kleber,  Post), 
a  thriving  village  on  the  Regen,  Vj^  M.  to  the  S. ;  82  M.  Posing. 

88  M.  Cliain  (1263ft.;  Post;  Vogel),  &n  old  town  with  3600 
inhab, ,  on  the  N.  margin  of  the  Bavarian  Forest  (p.  245),  is  the 
old  capital  of  the  Chamberich.  Gothic  Rathhaus  of  the  15th  cent.  ; 
adjoining  it  the  late-Gothic  church  of  St.  James  (1514). 

The  old  Chammiinsier,  IV2  M.  to  the  E.  of  the  town,  is  a  late-Gothic 
churcli  on  Romanesque  foundations.    Near  it  is  the  lofty  ruin  of  Chamereck. 

From  Chaji  to  Lam,  25  M.,  railway  in  21/3  hrs.,  through  the  winding 
valley  of  the  Regen.  —  From  (3  M.)  Runding  (Simeth's  Brewery),  with  a 
ruined  castle,  a  pleasant  excursion  may  be  made  to  the  (2  hrs.)  Haidstexn 
(2450  ft.),  a  fine  point  of  view,  with  a  chapel  and  some  scanty  ruins.  The 
descent  may  be  made  via  iJted,  with  its  gigantic  lime-tree,  to  (IV2  hr.) 
Kotziing  (see  below).  —  51/2  ^I-  Chamerau;  0  M.  Miltach.  Above  (11  M.) 
Blaihach  the  Schicarze  Regen  unites  with  the  Weisse  Regen.  —  We  follow 
the  valley  of  the  latter  via  Fulling  to  (131/2  M.)  Kotzting  (1345  ft.;  Decker ; 
"Post;  *Zrrtt«),  a  small  industrial  town  at  the  foot  of  the  steep  Kaitersberg 
(3300  ft.).  The  Bnrgstall  {Hohe  Bogeii;  see  p.  23G)  is  ascended  hence  via 
Rimmbach  in  31/2  hrs.  Over  the  Haidstein  to  iJwHdmr;  31/2  hrs.  (see  above). 
A  road  leads  to  the  S.E.  to  Viechtach  (see  p.  246).  —  17  31.  Orafeniciesen; 
20  M.  Eohenwayth,  at  the  base  of  the  Hohe  Bogen  (p.  236)  ^  22V2  31.  Ar- 
rach.  —  25  M.  Lam,  see  p.  247. 

We  now  traverse  the  deep  Chambthal.  92  M.  Koihmaissling ; 
96  M.  AhrnschxoanQy  with  an  old  castle  and  church. 


236     Route  42.  STRAUBING. 

To  the  S.W.  rises  the  finely-shaped  Hohe  Bogen  (highest  point,  the 
Eckstein,  3523  ft.),  ascended  from  Ahrnschwang  or  Furth  in  2-21/2  hrs.  The 
Burgstall  (3210 ft.),  the  W.  peak,  commands  a  fine  survey  of  the  valley 
of  the  Regen,  and  of  a  great  part  of  Bohemia  and  the  Upper  Palatinate. 
Amongst  the  M^oods  on  the  W.  spur  lies  the  ruin  of  Lichteneck  (243S  ft.). 
From  the  Burgstall  to  Kotzting ,  see  p.  285.  —  We  may  penetrate  farther 
into  the  Bavarian  Forest  by  descending  from  the  Eckstein  on  the  S.E.  side 
to  the  (25  min.)  Diensthiltte  (refreshments),  whence  we  may  either  descend 
to  (3/4  hr.)  Hohenwarth  (p.  235),  or  follow  the  top  of  the  hill  to  the  (3/4  hr.) 
belvedere  on  the  Hohenstein  (path  marked  in  red),  and  go  thence  via  Eager 
to  (IV2  hr.)  the  high-road,  which  leads  to  (41/2  M.)  Lam  (p.  247). 

100 M.  Furth  (1345  ft.;  *Post;  ZumHohenbogen,  at  the  station; 
Waschinger ;  breweries  of  Utz  and  Altmann;  Rail.  Restaurant),  a 
small  town  with  an  ancient  tower  and  a  ruined  castle,  the  junction 
of  the  Bohemian  W.  Railway  (luggage  examined). 

In  the  Chambthal,  about  1/2  M.  to  the  E.,  lies  the  Wutzmilhle  (*H6tel- 
Pension).  Fine  points  of  view  are  the  Aepflet-Kuppe,  25  min.  from  Furth, 
and  the   Voitenberg-Oed,  35  min.  farther  on  (path  marked  in  white). 

Omnibus  twice  daily  in  41/4  hrs.  to  (15  M.)  Lam  (p.  247;  fare  2  Ji 
50  pf.).  The  road  leads  by  (4  M.)  Eschlkam  (1543  ft. ;  *Neumaier),  a  prettily 
situated  summer-resort,  and  (4V4  M.)  Nenkirchen  (*Moreth;  Koepl),  at  the 
N.E.  base  of  the  Hohe  Bogen  (see  above),  with  a  pilgrimage-church. 

From  Furth  to  Prague,  see  Baedekers  Austria. 

42.  From  Eatisbon  to  Passau  and  Linz. 

The  Danube  from  Fassau  to  Linz. 

140  M.  Railway  to  (74  M.)  Passau  in  2-4  hrs.,  to  (140  M.)  Linz  in  5-8  hrs. 
—  Steamboat  from  Passau  to  Linz  daily  in  summer  in  3  hrs.  (fares  2  fl. 
60,  1  fl.  55  kr.);  up  from  Linz  to  Passau,  8  hrs.  (fares  1  fl.  60,  1  fl.  20  kr.). 
The  custom-house  examination  takes  place  on  the  purchase  of  tickets  in 
the  Rathhaus.     The  check  received  is  given  up  on  embarking. 

To  (5  M.)  Obertraubling,  see  p.  135.  Our  line  diverges  to  the 
left  from  the  Munich  railway  (R.  27).  Stations  Mangolding ,  Moos- 
ham,  Taimering,  Silnching  (branch-line  to  Geiselhoring ,  p.  135), 
Radldorf. 

251/2  M.  Straubing  (1090  ft.;  Sehwarzer  Adler ;  Post,  R.  IV4- 
2  J^,  B.  60  pf.,  D.  2  J^;  Kraus),  a  very  ancient  town  (pop.  13,850) 
on  the  Danube,  lies  in  an  extensive  and  fertile  plain,  the  granary 
of  Bavaria.  The  late-Gothie  church  of  *St.  James  (1429-1512)  con- 
tains paintings  attributed  to  Wohlgemuth  a  fine  altar  with  statues  of 
the  year  1500,  and  good  stained  glass  (1442  and  1503).  The  Ro- 
manesque church  of  St.  Peter,  in  the  cemetery  on  the  lofty  bank  of 
the  Danube,  passes  for  the  oldest  building  in  the  town  and  is  sup- 
posed to  occupy  the  site  of  the  Roman  Serviodurum.  The  Gothic 
Oymnasialkirche  (of  1430),  formerly  the  church  of  the  Carmelites, 
contains  the  fine  monument  of  Duke  Albert  II.  (d.  1397).  The 
Schloss  (now  barracks)  was  once  occupied  by  Duke  Albert  III.  with 
his  wife  Agnes  Bernauer  (p.  114),  the  beautiful  daughter  of  a  barber 
of  Augsburg.  Her  father-in-law  Duke  Ernest,  exasperated  by  his 
son's  mesalliance,  cruelly  and  unjustly  caused  her  to  be  condemned 
to  death  and  thrown  into  the  Danube  from  the  bridge  (1435).  Her 
remains  were  interred  in  the  churchvard  of  St.  Peter,   as  recorded 


PASSAU.  42.  Route.     237 

by  an  inscription  on  a  marble  slab  in  the  Agnes  Rernauer  Chapel 
(of  1436).  The  square  Stadt-Thurm  (223  ft.),  with  its  five  turrets, 
was  erected  by  Duke  Lewis  I,  in  1208. 

30  M.  Amselfing;  331/2  M.  Strasskirchen,  4  M.  to  the  S.W.  of 
which  are  the  mineral -baths  of  Milnchshbfen ;  37  M.  Stephans- 
posching.  On  the  left  the  Natternberg  (1260  ft.),  with  a  ruined  castle 
and  a  modern  chateau.  —  41  M.  Plattling  (1040  ft.),  where  the  line 
crosses  the  Isar,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Danube,  junction  for 
Miihldorf  and  Eisenstein.  (Excursion  in  the  Bavarian  Forest,  see 
p.  245.) 

461/2  M.  Langenisarhofeth ;  50  M.  Osterhofen;  54  M.  Girching ; 
56I/2  M.  Pleinting.  The  line  nears  the  Danube,  and  follows  it  to  Passau. 
On  the  opposite  bank  rises  the  well-preserved  ruin  of  Hiltgersberg. 

60  M.  Vilshofen  (1007  ft. ;  Ochs;  Bayrischer  Hof),  the  Roman 
Villa  Quintanica,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Vils  and  Danube,  has  a 
Gothic  church  of  1376.  —  64  M.  Sandbach.  On  a  rock  to  the  left, 
farther  on,  we  observe  a  recumbent  lion,  erected  to  the  memory  of 
Maximilian  I.,  the  projector  of  the  high-road,  which  between  this 
point  and  Passau  is  in  many  places  hewn  through  the  rock. 

69  M.  Schalding ;  71  M.  Reining.  The  towers  of  Passau,  the 
fortress  of  Oberhaus,  and  the  charming  environs  of  the  town  now 
come  into  view.  Luggage  is  examined  at  the  station. 

74  M.  Passau.  —  Hotels.  *Batrischer  Hof  (PL  a;  C,  3),  R.,  L.,  &  A. 
from  21/2,  D.  21/2  Jl,  'MoHR,  R.,  L.,  &  A.  from  IV2,  D.  2  Jl,  B.  55  pf., 
both  in  the  Ludwig-Str. ;  "^^Wenzel  zdk  Sonne  (PI.  c;  C,  3),  corner  of  Thc- 
resiengasse  and  Untere  Sand,  near  the  bridge  over  the  Inn;  Zcr  Eiskn- 
BAHN,  near  the  rail,  station,  moderate.  —  Wine  Saloons:  ' Zum  Wilden 
Afann,  Schrottgasse;  ^'Rat/thauskeller,  in  the  Rathhaus  (p.  239);  Miihlbaner ; 
Cottel;  Heilige-Geist-Stiftsscfienke  (see  p.  238;  good  Austrian  wine).  —  Beer 
at  the  -Stadl  Wien  (Pl.B,  3),  Ludwigs-Platz ;  Stockbauer -Garten  (PI.  E,  2,  3), 
with  view  of  the  Danube;  Krenibauer,  at  Anger  (PI.  C,  2;  p.  239);  Pesc/il- 
leller  (PI.  A,  3),  near  the  station,  with  terrace  towards  the  Danube;  IStock- 
bauerkeller  (PI.  B,  4),  Schmeroldkellev ,  Hellkeller  (PI.  A,  4),  beyond  the 
drill-ground;  Innstadt  Brewery  (PI.  E,  4).  —  Post  d-  Telegraph  Offices,  at 
the  rail,  station  (PI.  A,  3)  and  in  the  old  Canonical  Court  in  the  Domplatz 
(PI.  C,  3;  p.  238).  —  Baths  in  the  Danube,  left  bank;  also  in  the  Ilz, 
right  bank,  warmer. 

Passau  (960  ft.),  the  Castra  Batava  of  the  Romans,  the  capital 
of  an  episcopal  see  from  739  to  1803,  with  16,600  inhab.,  lies  on 
a  rocky  tongue  of  land  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Inn  (319  yds. 
in  breadth)  with  the  Danube  (only  264  yds.  wide).  Numerous 
houses,  chiefly  of  the  17th  and  18th  cent.,  on  the  banks  of  the 
rivers,  especially  on  the  Inn,  give  the  town  an  imposing  appearance. 
The  peculiar  and  picturesque  situation  of  the  town  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Danube,  Inn,  and  Ilz,  and  the  variety  of  views  commanded  by 
the  neighbouring  heights,  will  amply  repay  a  short  visit  to  Passau, 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  places  on  the  Danube. 

From  the  station  (PI.  A,  3)  the  Bahnhof-Str.  leads  to  the  E.  to 
the  Ludwigs-lMatz  (PI.  B,  3),  and  thence,  somewhat  to  the  left,  to 
the  Neumarkt  or  Ludwig-Str.,  which,  with  its  E.  continuation  the 


238     Route  42.  PASSAU.  From  Ratisbon 

Rindermarkt,  is  the  busiest  part  of  the  town.  To  the  right,  at  the 
corner  of  the  Heilige-Geist-Str.,  is  the  Votivkirche  in  the  Roman- 
esque style,  erected  in  1564  and  remodelled  in  1864.  On  the  facade 
are  statues  of  Christ  and  the  Apostles.  The  interior,  which  has  no 
aisles,  is  tastefully  decorated.  Above  the  high-altar  is  a  group  of  the 
Coronation  of  the  Virgin  by  Knabl.  —  Adjacent,  on  the  right,  is  the 
Heilige  Geistspital,  with  a  church  and  the  tavern  mentioned  at  p.  237. 

Farther  on,  on  the  left  side  of  the  Rindermarkt,  is  the  St.  Jo- 
hannes-Spitalkirche  {Fl.  C,  2),  with  numerous  wood-carvings,  an- 
cient and  modern,  ranged  along  the  walls,  and  tombstones  in  red 
marble.  To  the  right,  higher  up,  is  the  Parish  Church  of  St.  Paul 
(PI.  C,  2),  built  in  1678  and  skilfully  painted  iu  the  interior  in  1851. 

Passing  through  the  Paulusbogen  adjoining  the  church,  we 
ascend  to  the  right  through  the  Postgasse  to  the  Parade-Platz  or 
Domplatz  (PL  C,D,  3),  On  the  E.  side,  on  a  height  overlooking  the 
town,  rises  the  Cathedral  of  St,  Stephen,  founded  perhaps  as 
early  as  the  5th  cent.,  restored  in  the  Gothic  style  in  the  15th  cent., 
and  rebuilt  in  a  florid  rococo  style  by  C.  Lorago  after  a  lire  in  1662 
(nave  completed  in  1684,  towers  in  1695).  This  is  one  of  the  finest 
German  churches  of  the  17th  century.  The  outside  of  the  choir, 
transept,  and  dome  date  from  the  15th  cent,  restoration,  but  the 
interior  has  been  modernized.  The  fine  organ,  by  Hechenberger 
(1889),  is  the  largest  in  Bavaria.  On  the  N.  side  is  the  Domhof, 
with  interesting  restored  chapels;  on  the  wall  of  the  cathedral  here 
are  numerous  old  gravestones.  The  chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity  (1572), 
with  a  large  modern  carved  altar  and  the  names  of  all  the  bishops  of 
Passau,  contains  the  monument  of  the  founder,  Prince-Bishop  Tren- 
bach  (d.  1598).  The  Heinrirhs-Kapelle,  with  modern  stained-glass 
windows  and  gilded  carving,  dates  from  1710.  The  Via  Dolorosa 
or  Kreuzweg  Chapel  (1414)  has  four  slender  octagonal  pillars,  and 
old  tombstones  of  red  marble  on  the  walls.  The  adjacent  Mt.  of 
Olives  or  Oelberg  Chapel,  founded  in  1288,  contains  a  marble  tomb 
of  Count  Heinrich  III.,  erected  in  1360. 

The  Parade-Platz  in  front  of  the  cathedral  is  adorned  with  a 
Statue  of  Maximilian  I.  in  bronze.  Opposite  to  it,  on  the  W.  side,  is 
the  Post  Office,  formerly  the  Canons'  Residence,  historically  inter- 
esting as  the  place  where  the  Treaty  of  Passau  (1552),  establishing 
religious  toleration,  was  concluded  between  Emp.  Charles  V.  and 
Elector  Maurice  of  Saxony.  See  the  inscriptions  above  and  adjoin- 
ing the  entrance.    The  present  building  dates  from  1724. 

The  choir  of  the  cathedral  adjoins  the  Residenz-Platz  (Pl.D,  3), 
in  which  rise  the  Old  Bishop  s  Palace  (now  containing  the  Amts- 
gericht  and  the  Landgericht)  and  the  New  Bishop's  Palace  (1771), 
both  with  rich  rococo  portals. 

A  street  descends  hence  to  the  right  to  the  Inn  Bridge  (see 
p.  239).  To  the  left  the  Schrottgasse  leads  to  the  pier  of  the  Danube 
steamers,  passing  the  Rathhaus  (PI.  E,  3),   rebuilt  after  a  fire  in 


to  Linz.  PASSAU.  42,  Route,    239 

1662,  and  considerably  enlarged  and  provided  with  a  tower  in  1888- 
93.  The  walls  and  ceiling  of  the  Council  Chambers  are  t'nibellished 
with  paintings  from  the  history  of  Passaii,  by  F.  Wagner.  Below 
is  the  tastefully  decorated  Rathhauskeller  (p.  237).  Going  farther 
¥j.,  we  then  follow  the  Braugasse  to  the  right  to  the  Church  of  the 
Holy  Cross  (PI.  E,  3),  belonging  to  the  dissolved  nunnery  of  Nie- 
dernburg,  a  Romanesque  basilica  of  the  beginning  of  tlie  13th  cent., 
with  low  vaulting,  lately  restored.  It  is  now  a  school  kept  by  Eng- 
lish nuns.  The  Maria-Parz  Chapel  on  the  S.  side  contains  the  tomb 
of  the  Abbess  Gisela,  Queen  of  Hungary,  and  sister  of  Emp.  Henry  II. 
(shown  on  application). 

The  Braugasse  leads  on  to  tlie  promontory  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
town,  with  a  few  relics  of  the  old  castle  of  Ori,  where  we  obtain  a 
fine  view  of  the  broad  expanse  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  rivers, 
whose  different-coloured  waters  seem  to  strive  for  the  mastery. 

An  iron  bridge  crosses  the  Inn  to  the  Innstadt  (PI.  C-E,  4),  the 
ancient  Bojodurum,  rebuilt  since  its  destruction  by  fire  in  the  war 
of  1809.  The  church  of  St.  Severinus  (PI.  C,4),  who  was  a  mission- 
ary here  in  the  5th  cent.,  dates  from  the  Romanesque  period  but 
was  remodelled  in  the  Gothic  style  in  1476.  The  Parish  Church  of 
St.  Gertraud  (PI.  1),  4)  was  restored  in  1888.  Following  the  Maria- 
hilfgasse  from  the  bridge  and  then  ascending  to  the  right,  outside 
the  town-gate,  by  the  road  leading  to  the  Waldschloss  (see  below), 
we  reach  (I/4  hr.)  the  pilgrimage-church  of  *Marialiilf  (1256  ft.; 
PI.  E,  4).  Both  on  the  way  to  the  church  and  above  it  we  obtain 
charming  surveys  of  the  tow^n,  the  confluence  of  the  Inn  and  Danube, 
and  the  fortress  of  Oberhaus.  The  church,  with  its  richly  gOt  altar, 
attracts  numerous  worshippers.  The  court  contains  tasteful  modern 
Stations  of  the  Cross,  with  coloured  reliefs.  From  the  vestibule  of 
the  church,  garnished  with  votive  tablets,  a  flight  of  164  steps  de- 
scends to  Innstadt.  —  In  Austrian  territory,  1/2  ^^-  from  Mariahilf ,  is 
the  Waldschloss,  a  restaurant  prettily  situated  on  the  margin  of 
a  wood. 

The  Town  Park  (PI.  A,  2),  on  the  slopes  of  the  left  bank  of  the 
Danube,  ^/o  M,  to  the  W.  of  the  Maximilians-Briicke  (see  below), 
aff'ords  a  number  of  shady  wood-walks.  A  little  higher  up  is  the 
Plantage  (beer-saloon),  whence  roads  and  paths  lead  back  to  the 
Danube  via  the  episcopal  chateau  of  Freudenhain  (PI.  A,  1;  1790- 
92),  now  a  school. 

The  fortress  of  *Oberhaus  (1378  ft.  •,  PI.  E,  2),  built  by  Bishop 
Ulric  II.  in  1219  ,  crowns  the  precipitous ,  wooded  height  of  the 
Georgsberg,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  Passau.  It  is 
connected  by  a  rampart  and  walls  with  the  old  fortress  of  Nieder- 
haus  (PI.  F,  2),  on  the  tongue  between  the  Ilz  and  the  Danube.  The 
road  leaves  the  town  at  the  upper  end,  crosses  the  Danube  by  the 
Maximilians-Brucke,  240  yds.  long,  and  descends  on  the  left  bank 
through  the  small  suburb  of  Anger,   and  through  a  tunnel  in  the 


240    Route  4-2.  PASSAU.  From  Ratisbon 

rock,  to  the  llz.  The  shortest  route  for  pedestrians  is  by  the  new 
Chain  Bridge  at  the  lower  end  of  the  town  (3  pf.).  On  the  left,  be- 
yond the  tunnel,  is  the  Gothic  Salvator-Kirche(VL  E,2),  a  curious 
three-storied  edifice,  with  groined  vaulting  and  a  series  of  chapels, 
erected  in  1479-84  on  the  site  of  a  synagogue  and  restored  in  1861. 
Modern  carved  altar,  gilded  and  painted,  with  good  imitations  of 
Adam  Krafft's  Stations  of  the  Cross  at  Nuremberg  (p.  103). 

From  the  llz  Bridge  (see  below)  the  road  ascends  to  the  left  to 
the  lower  gate  of  the  fortress  in  1/4  hr.  The  ^Belvedere  on  the  Katz 
battery  (adm.  50  pf. ,  on  Sun.  20  pf.  ;  adjacent  the  Lusenhiitte 
Restaurant)  affords  a  beautiful  survey  (best  in  the  evening)  of  the 
town,  of  the  valleys  of  the  llz,  the  Danube,  and  the  Inn,  and  of 
the  hills  of  the  Bohemian  and  Bavarian  Forests  (see  the  excellent 
indicator).  A  red  flag  on  the  fortress  indicates  that  the  weather  is 
clear  enough  for  a  view  of  the  Berchtesgaden  and  Salzburg  Alps  to 
the  S.  The  tower  contains  a  small  collection  of  objects  from  the 
Bavarian  Forest.  The  well  which  supplies  the  fortress  is  426  ft. 
deep,  and  extends  down  to  the  level  of  the  Danube.  In  the  middle 
ages  the  Oberhaus,  now  a  state-prison,  frequently  afforded  the  bish- 
ops a  refuge  from  civic  broils.  In  1809  it  was  occupied  by  the 
French,  and  the  Austrians  prepared  to  besiege  it;  but  they  aban- 
doned their  intention  after  their  defeat  at  Ratisbon  (p.  119), 

Those  whose  time  is  limited  may  take  the  footpath  from  Oberhaus 
to  the  right,  by  a  small  house  before  the  old  powder-magazine  is  reached, 
and  descend  direct  to  the  llz  and  Danube,  or  they  may  follow  the  tele- 
graph-posts to  the  left  and  then  descend  the  steps  to  the  bridge  over  the 
Danube.  But  the  traveller  who  has  2  hrs.  to  spare  should  follow  the  top 
of  the  hill  from  the  upper  gate  of  the  fortress,  passing  the  old  powder- 
magazine,  to  (25  min.)  Ries  (*Inn),  and  descend  thence  to  (1/4  hr.)  *Hals 
(960  ft.  ;  Hydropathic  Establishments),  a  village  charmingly  situated  in  the 
valley  of  the  llz,  and  commanded  by  the  ruined  castle  of  the  same  name. 
There  is  an  old  pillory  by  a  corner-house  in  the  market-place.  Above 
the  village  (finger-post),  by  the  Hofbauer,  we  cross  the  llz  (3pf.),  and  descend 
the  promenade  on  the  left  bank  to  the  (V4hr.)  Burchbruch,  a  tunnel,  143  yds. 
in  length,  hewn  in  the  rock  in  1831,  through  which  an  arm  of  the  llz  flows. 
On  the  wooded  hill  above  the  tunnel  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Reschenstein.  In 
clefts  of  the  rocks  here  is  found  a  beautiful  luminous  moss.  A  footway, 
protected  by  a  balustrade ,  leads  through  the  tunnel.  At  the  farther  end 
there  is  a  long  barrier  to  intercept  the  floating  timber  as  it  descends  from 
the  Bavarian  Forest  (p.  245).  A  foot-bridge  crosses  from  the  upper  end  of 
the  tunnel  to  the  Trifthduschen  (rfmts.)  on  the  right  bank.  We  return 
through  the  Durchbruch,  follow  the  left  bank  for  8  min.,  and  cross  to  the 
steam  saw-mill;  then  follow  the  right  bank  to  the  (1/4  hr.)  bridge  of  Hals. 
We  return  by  the  road  on  the  right  bank  of  the  llz  to  (I'/z  M.)  the  suspen- 
sion-bridge of  Passau  (see  above). 

At  the  mouth  of  the  llz  (see  above)  ,  an  important  channel  for 
the  timber-traffic,  a  bridge  crosses  to  the  Ilzstadt  (PI.  E,  1,  2),  at 
the  base  of  the  Nonnberg,  inhabited  by  boatmen  and  raftsmen. 
Above  it  rises  the  (20  min.)  *Klosterberg,  or  Nonnengiitl  (PI.  E,  2 ; 
visitors  generally  admitted),  a  charming  point  of  view,  which  af- 
fords the  best  survey  of  the  union  of  the  light-gray  Inn,  the  yellow- 
ish-green Danube,  and  the  inky  llz.  After  having  received  the 
waters  of  the  Inn,  the  Danube  becomes  a  noble  stream. 


to  Linz.  FREYUNG.  42.  Route.     241 

The  belvedere  on  the  *Schardenberg  (1785  ft.)  is  another  of  the  nu- 
merous fine  points  near  Passau.  We  cross  the  bridge  over  the  Inn,  and 
ascend  the  Linz  road  to  (3  M.)  Gattern^  IV2  M.  beyond  which  a  road,  slightly 
descending  to  the  right  from  the  high-road,  leads  to  the  tower  (adm. 
10  pf.)  in  a  few  minutes.  Restaurant  adjacent.  A  most  extensive  view  is 
here  enjoyed  of  the  Bavarian  Mts.  and  the  Alps  of  the  Salzkammergut  and 
Styria,  with  a  picturesque  foreground.  We  may  now  descend  in  V«  ^^' 
to  Wernstein  (p.  242). 

From  Passau  to  Neumarkt  (RoU-Thal  Railway)^  see  p.  244. 


From  Passau  a  pleasant  excursion  may  be  taken  to  the  S.E.  part  of 
the  Bavarian  Forest  (comp.  p.  245). 

Fkom  Passau  to  Fkeydng,  30  M.,  railway  in  3  hrs.  The  train  crosses 
the  Danube  above  Passau,  ascends  through  wood  to  (6  M.)  Tiefenbach 
(1207  ft.),  and  then  winds  down  to  the  pretty  valley  of  the  Ilz.  Stations : 
Fischhaus  ;  Kalteneck;  ISV'i  M.  Fiiraleneck  (1397  ft.),  a  prettily  situated  chateau, 
now  an  inn.  We  then  follow  the  vallev  of  the  Ostevbach.  19V2  M.  Rohm- 
hach  (1692  ft.;  ^Pfreimter);  24  M.  Waldkirchen  C^Post;  Abel;  Meindl) ;  27  M. 
Karlshach.  —  30  M.  Freyung  (2170  ft.;  "Probstl;  Post),  a  busy  little  town. 
About  V*  lir.  to  the  N.,  on  a  rock  towering  above  the  brawling  Sautbacfi, 
is  the  imposing  chateau  of  Wol/stein^  now  occupied  by  the  district-authori- 
ties; and  Va  hr.  to  the  S.W.  rises  the  Oeiersberg  (2592  ft.),  a  splendid  point 
of  view.  From  Freyung  we  may  proceed  to  the  1^.,  via  the  Bierhiitte  and 
Haslach,  to  (2  hrs.)  Hohenau  (2638  ft.;  'Moosbauer).  Or  we  may  choose 
the  longer  but  pleasanter  route,  which  descends  by  the  church  of  Freyung, 
crosses  the  Sausbach,  and  descends  on  the  right  bank,  through  the  *£uch- 
berger  Leiie,  a  romantic  rocky  gorge,  to  (4^2  M.)  the  miU  of  Buchb erg  \  we 
then  ascend  to  the  right  by  Saulohrn  and  Haslach  to  (IV2  hr.)  Hohenau. 
From  Hohenau  roads  lead  to  the  S.W.  to  (41/2  M.)  Orafmau  (p.  246),  and 
to  the  N.W.  to  (6  M.)  St.  Oswald  (p.  247;  route  to  the  Rachelsee  and  over 
the  Rachel  to  Klingenbrtmn,  5  hrs.,  see  p.  247).  Ascent  of  the  Lusen 
(p.  247)  direct,  xiii  the  Schonauer  Glashiitte,  31/2  hrs.  (guide  3U?);  descent 
by   Waldhduser  to  St.  Oswald,  21/2  hrs.  (comp.  p.  247). 

ExcuEsioN  TO  THE  Dkeisesselsteik,  very  attractive  (2  days;  diligence 
from  Passau  to  Breitenberg  daily  in  5V2  hrs. ;  from  Waldkirchen  in  3  hrs.). 
We  cross  the  Ilz  and  descend  by  the  Danube  to  the  (3  M.)  Kernmiihle.  Here 
we  ascend  to  the  left  to  (1  hr.)  the  baths  of  Kellberg  (1443  ft.;  'Pension, 
moderate;  omnibus  to  and  from  Passau  on  Wed.  and  Sat.),  prettily  sit- 
uated on  the  hill  and  commanding  a  charming  view.  Thence  to  the  N.W., 
through  the  finely  situated  little  town  of  Tyrnau  (1660  ft. ;  Zum  Edelfurt- 
ner;  Enzinger),  and  by  the  old  road  to  (2V2  hrs.)  Hauzenberg  (1800  ft.; 
Post;  J.  Stemplinger;  A.  Stemplinger) ,  near  which  rises  the  Staffelberg 
(2600  ft.),  with  a  belvedere-tower.  The  road  then  leads  via  Freudensee, 
with  its  ruin  and  small  lake,  Passreut,  and  Krinning,  to  C2'/2  lirs.)  Sonnen 
(2676  ft.;  *Post;  Metzger),  a  high  and  prettily  situated  village,  and  thence 
(picturesque)  to  (13  4  hr.)  Breitenberg  (see  below).  Or  we  may  go  from  the 
Kernmuhle  (see  above)  along  the  bank  of  the  Danube  to  Erlau  and  (2',  2  hrs.) 
Obernzell  (see  p.  242);  then  ascend  the  valley  to  the  left  to  (3  M.)  Gries- 
bach  (1828  ft.;  'Oetzinger),  where  the  road  forks.  The  branch  to  the  left 
leads  to  Hduzenberg  (see  above).  We  take  the  branch  to  the  right,  by 
(1  hr.)  Wildenranna  and  (I1/4  hr.)  Wegscheid  0-360  ft. ;  Fenzl ;  Haydn) ,  a 
small  town  with  linen  factories,  to  (3  hrs.)  Breitenberg  C2316  ft.  ;  'Post,  with 
fine  view  from  the  veranda).  The  road  now  descends  towards  the  N.  to 
(3/4  hr.)  Klafferstrass,  and  ascends  slightly  to  (3/4  hr.)  Lackenhdusev  (266S  ft. ; 
Rosenberger).  A  good  path  ascends  thence  in  IV2  hr.  to  the  top  of  the 
Dreisesselstein  (4300  ft. ;  inn).  The  summit  consists  of  huge  piled-np  blocks 
of  granite;  admirable  view  of  the  Bohemian  Forest  and  the  Alps.  Still 
finer  from  the  Mohenstein  (4305  ft.),  1/4  31.  distant.  From  the  Dreisessel- 
stein a  path  on  the  crest  of  the  hill  leads  past  the  Dreieckmarkstein  (4330  ft,), 
where  the  boundaries  of  Bavaria  ,  Bohemia,  and  Austria  meet,  to  (!'/«- 
lV2hr.)  the  Blockenstein  (4523  ft.),  mirrored  in  the  dark  waters  of  the  soli- 
tary, forest-girt  Blockenstein-See  (evening  light  best).     On  the  bank  of  the 

Baedeker's  S.  Germany.  8th  Edit.  KJ 


242    Route  4'2.  SCHARDING.  From  Passau 

lake  is  a  monument  to  Adalbert  Stifter  (d.  1868),  who  has  celebrated  this 
spot  in  his  poems.  Back  to  Lackenhauser  in  2  hrs.  —  From  the  Drei- 
sesselstein  to  HirscJibergen  and  Salznau  (Budweiss)^  see  Baedeker's  Aiistria. 
A  visit  to  the  Bohemian  Forest  on  the  Kuhani  is  best  accomplished 
by  taking  the  diligence  (once  daily  in  3  hrs.)  from  Freyung  (see  p.  241) 
to  (12  31.)  Kuschwarda  (2735  ft.;  *R^if;  Paullik),  a  village  and  summer- 
resort  prettily  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Schlosslherg.  Hence  we  proceed 
to  the  (IV2  hr.)  glass-works  of  Eleonorenhain  ('Tourists'  Inn),  whence  a 
visit  to  the  highly  interesting  primaeval  forest  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Ku- 
hani  (4468  ft.)  may  be  made  in  3  hrs.  (there  and  back).  —  From  Kusch- 
warda  via, Bdhmisch-Rohren  and  Netithal  to  the  Dreisessehtein  (p.  241),  5  hrs.; 
guide  advisable.  —  A  very  attractive  trip  crosses  the  Lusen  to  St.  Oswald 
in  7  hrs.  (guide).  The  route  leads  via  the  (2  hrs.)  Aim  (3743  ft.;  rfmts.), 
with  a  splendid  view,  to  (IV4  hr.)  Mauth  (*Strunz) ,  and  then  follows  a 
marked  path  via  the  Tummelplatz  (rfmts.)  to  the  (2  hrs.)  Lusen-Spitze  (p.  247)  ; 
descent  to  St.  Oswald  (p.  247),  IV2  hr. 

The  Railway  to  Linz  passes  througli  a  long  tunnel ,  crosses  the 
Inn,  and  ascends  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river.  80  M.  Wernstein^ 
with  an  old  chateau,  on  a  height  opposite.  — 83  M.  Scharding('*fl'di. 
Altmann;  Rail.  Restaurant),  an  ancient  town  with  3600inhab., 
picturesquely  situated  on  the  Inn,  junction  of  the  Salzkammergut 
Railway  (see  Baedeker's  Austriay  Near  it  is  the  village  of  Brunnen- 
thal,  with  a  chalybeate  spring.  —  The  line  now  ascends  the  Pram- 
thai.  89  M.  Taufkirchen;  92  M.  Andorf ;  98  M.  Riedau;  106  M. 
Neumarkt  (*Reiss),  junction  of  the  Simbach-Munich  line  (R.  40)  \ 
113  M.  Grieskir chert.  We  now  descend  (to  the  right  a  view  of  the 
Alps  with  the  Traunstein)  by  Wallern  to  (I241/2  M.)  Wels,  a  station 
on  the  Linz  and  Salzburg  railway.  Thence  to  (140  M.)  Linzy  see 
Baedekers  Austria. 

Steamboat  Jouenet.  The  steamer,  far  preferable  to  the  railway,  gen- 
erally leaves  Passau  at  3  p.m.,  and  reaches  Linz  in  4  hrs.  Luggage  examined 
before  embarkation  (comp.  p.  236). 

The  scenery  of  the  Danube  is  grander,  but  less  smiling  than  that  of 
the  Rhine,  while  the  finest  points  are  often  rather  far  apart.  The  moun- 
tains are  higher,  and  the  banks  are  generally  fringed  with  forest,  or  clothed 
with  luxuriant  pasture  ;  but  the  population  is  poor  and  sparse,  and  there  is 
an  almost  total  absence  of  the  busy  traffic  which  characterises  the  sister-river. 

A  beautiful  retrospect  of  the  town  and  environs  is  enjoyed  immedi- 
ately after  starting.  Below  Passau  the  right  bank  belongs  to  Austria,  and 
the  left  bank  as  far  as  Engelhartszell  to  Bavaria. 

L.  Erlati. 

R.  Schloss  Krempelsiein,  on  an  abrupt  cliff. 

L.  (3.  30p.m.)  Obernzell  or  Hafnerzell  (964  ft.;  'Post;  Saxinger),  the 
last  Bavarian  ^^llage,  with  large  quarries  of  graphite  and  manufactories  of 
lead-pencils  and  fire-proof  crucibles.  Excursion  to  the  Bavarian  Forest, 
see  p.  241. 

R.  Viechtenstein,  an  old  Schloss  on  the  hill,  formerly  the  property  of 
the  bishops  of  Passau  and  now  of  Count  Pachta.  Farther  on ,  below 
Griinau,  the  Jochenstein^  jutting  far  into  the  river  on  the  left,  was  the 
ancient  boundary  between  Bavaria  and  Austria.  The  present  boundary  is 
a  wooded  ravine  on  the  left  bank,  a  little  lower  down. 

R.  (4  p.m.)  Engelhartszell  (*Po«0,  prettily  situated,  with  the  Austrian 
custom-house  (p.  236).  Near  it  is  Engelszell,  once  a  Cistercian  monastery, 
now  owned  by  Count  Pachta. 

L.  Ranariedl,  an  ancient  mountain-castle,  still  inhabited ;  at  the  foot 
of  the  hill  is  the  village  of  Niederranna. 


to  Linz.  ASCHACH.  42.  Route.    243 

R.  (4. 18  p.m.)  Wetenu/er  or  Wesenur/afir,  an  old  town,  with  a  large 
wine  cellar  hewn  in  the  rock,  formerly  owned  by  the  cathedral  chapter  of 
Passau. 

L.    Marsbach^  with  the  ancient  tower  of  a  mediEcval  castle. 

R.     Waldkirchen.,  a  ruin  on  a  pine-clad  rock. 

L.  Hat/enbach,  or  the  Kirschbatimer  Schloss ,  destroyed  by  Emp.  3Iaxi- 
milian  I.,  is  seen  a  second  time  after  a  bend  in  the  river. 

The  channel  of  the  river  now  contracts  to  nearly  half  its  former 
width,  and  is  confined  between  precipitous  wooded  hills,  600-1000  ft.  in 
height.     This   is  one  of  the  grandest  parts  of  the  river.     At  — 

L.  Obermichl^  a  pleasant  village,  the  Kleine  Michl  descends  from  a 
wooded  ravine  into  the  Danube. 

L.  Neuhaus,  a  handsome  chateau  on  a  lofty  wooded  height,  the  prop- 
erty of  Herr  von  Plank.  The  Danube  suddenly  emerges  on  a  broad  plain 
shortly  before  we  reach  — 

R.  (5.  30  p.m.)  Aschach  (Sonne;  Adler),  a  small  town  extending  pictur- 
esquely along  the  bank,  with  the  chateau  and  park  of  Count  Harrach.  The 
Postlingberg  with  its  church,  near  Linz,  comes  into  view^  in  clear  weather 
the  Styrian  and  Austrian  Alps  form  the  background  towards  the  S.  \  and 
to  the  right  rises  the  Traunstein.  The  view  is  soon  concealed  by  the  nu- 
merous islands,  overgrown  with  underwood,  between  which  the  river  flows. 
—  From  this  point  to  Linz,  and  beyond  it,  the  valley  was  the  scene  of 
many  a  sanguinary  encounter  during  the  revolt  of  the  peasantry  of  Upper 
Austria.  In  1626  Aschach  was  the  headquarters  of  the  insurgents,  where, 
as  well  as  at  Neuhaus ,  they  had  barricaded  the  Danube  with  chains  to 
prevent  the  Bavarians  from  assisting  Count  Herberstein,  the  Austrian  gov- 
ernor, who  was  shut  up  at  Linz. 

[Railway  to  Wels,  171/2  M.,  in  I'/a  hr.,  via  Efferding,  Breitenaich,  and 
Raiding.     Welt,  see  Baedeker  s  Handbook  to  Austria.] 

Perched  on  the  hills  to  the  right  are  the  ruined  castles  of  Stauf  and 
Schaumburg.  The  latter  was  once  the  ancestral  seat  of  a  powerful  family 
which  held  sway  over  the  whole  valley  between  Passau  and  Linz,  but 
became  extinct  in  1559. 

L.    Landshag,  with  a  small  chateau  of  Count  Harrach. 

R.  Brandstatt  is  the  station  for  Efferding  (rail,  stat.,  see  above),  one 
of  the  most  ancient  places  in  Upper  Austria,  mentioned  in  the  Nibelungen- 
Lied  (21st  Adventure)  as  the  place  where  Kriemhild  passed  the  night  on 
her  journey  to  the  land  of  the  Huns.  The  village  is  said  formerly  to 
have  lain  on  the  Danube,  but  the  tower  only  is  now  visible.  To  the  left 
in  the  distance  rises  the  Postlingberg. 

L.  Ottensheim^  with  its  white  walls,  is  conspicuous  (rail,  stat.,  see 
p.  251).     Chateau  of  Count  Coudenhove. 

R.    Wilhering,  a  Cistercian  abbey  (1146),  with  a  pleasant  garden. 

L.  Schloss  Buchenau.  Then  the  Postlingberg.,  crowned  with  its  church 
and  fortifications. 

R.  The  Calvarienberg.,  with  the  Jagermayr  rising  above  it.  The  steamer 
passes  under  the  handsome  new  bridge  and  reaches  — 

R.   (7  p.m.)  Linz  (see  Baedeker's  Atutria). 

43.   From  Eosenheim  to  Eisenstein  by  Miilildorf  and 
Plattling.   The  Bavarian  Forest. 

133  M.  RAiLWAt   in   884  hrs.   (fares  17.//  20,  llJ/  40,  7  j^  40  pf.). 

Rosenheim,  see  p.  222.  Soon  after  starting,  the  train  diverges  to 
the  right  from  the  Munich  railway  and  runs  to  the  N.,  across  the 
plain  of  the  Inn.  01/2  M.  Schechen ;  10  M.  Rett,  with  an  old  Bene- 
dictine abbey  on  a  hill  to  the  left.  The  line  crosses  the  valley  of  the 
Attel  on  a  lofty  embankment,  passing  on  the  right  the  ancient  pro- 
Yostry  of  Attel,  and  at  (16  M.)  Wasserburg  reaches  the  top  of  a 

10* 


244    Route  43.  DEGGENDORF.  From  Bosenheim 

lofty  plateau  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Inn.  The  town  of  Wasserburg 
(1640  ft.;  Hotel  Schliesslecler ;  3700  inhab.),  a  summer-resort,  lies 
3  M.  to  the  right,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  Inn,  and  is  not  vis- 
ible from  the  railway. 

The  train  passes  the  Soyer  See,  or  Kitzsee ,  and  (19  M.)  Soy  en, 
and  skirts  the  steep  slopes  of  the  Nasenbach.  Reaching  the  lofty 
left  bank  of  the  Inn ,  we  now  cross  the  river ,  flanked  here  with 
wooded  heights ,  at  Kbnigsivarth,  by  means  of  a  viaduct  330  yds. 
long  and  161  ft.  high.  We  next  descend  on  the  right  bank  to  (25  M.) 
Oars,  opposite  which  lie  the  village  and  monastery  of  that  name. 
Lower  down,  on  the  left  bank,  is  the  extensive  monastery  of  Au. 
Beyond  (281/2  M.)  Jeitenbaeh,  with  a  chateau  of  Count  Torring, 
the  river  is  again  crossed.  On  the  wooded  table-land  lies  the  station 
of  (32  M.)  Kraiburg  (a  village  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Inn,  3M.  to 
the  E.).  The  train  quits  the  forest,  passes  the  church  and  lunatic 
asylum  of  Ecksberg  on  the  right ,  and  near  (38^/2  M.)  Uiilildorf 
(p.  233)  reaches  the  Munich  railway. 

The  train  runs  to  the  N.  (to  the  right  the  railway  to  Simbach, 
p.  233),  and  crosses  the  Isen.  Beyond  (43  M.)  Rohrbach  it  crosses 
the  watershed  between  the  Inn  and  the  Rott.  —  48  M.  Neumarkt  an 
der  Rott  (1470  ft.),  with  two  late-Gothic  churches. 

From  Neumarkt  to  Passad,  61  M.  (branch-railway,  5-51/2  hrs.).  The  line 
skirts  the  left  bank  of  the  Rott.  Stations  Eorbering ,  Massing,  Dietfurt, 
(12V2  M.)  Eggenfelden.  Beyond  (22  M.)  Pfarrkircfien  (1250  ft.)  the  train 
crosses  the  Rott.  Stations  Anzenkirchen,  Birnhach,  Karpfham.  Then  (39  M.) 
Pocking,  in  the  broad  valley  of  the  Inn.  Next  stations  Ruhstorf,  Sulzhach 
am  Inn,  Engertsham,  Hohenstadt  (with  sulphur-baths),  Fiirstenzell,  Neustift. 
—  61  M.  Fassau,  see  p.  237. 

From  Neumarkt  to  Landshut,  see  p.  136. 

Leaving  the  Rott-Thal  2  M.  below  Neumarkt,  the  train  runs  to 
the  N.  through  a  hilly  district  to  (541/2  M.)  Gangkofen,  on  the  Bina, 
crosses  at  (58  M.)  Trembach  the  watershed  between  the  Rott  and 
the  Vila,  and  descends  to  the  Vilsthal.  —  63  M.  Frontenhausen ; 
the  village,  with  an  interesting  late-Gothic  church,  lies  11/2^-  ^o 
the  W.  We  cross  the  Vils,  ascend  the  opposite  bank,  cross  the 
profound  Seegraben  by  a  lofty  viaduct,  and  reach  the  watershed  be- 
tween the  Vils  and  the  Isar.  671/2  M.  Oriesbach ;  ll'^j'i  M.  Mam- 
ming,  w^here  the  Isar  is  crossed  ;  75  M.  Pilsting,  junction  for  Lands- 
hut  (p.  136).  Then  (771/2 M.)  Landau;  the  town,  with  3200  inhab., 
lies  1  M.  to  the  S.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Isar.  —  To  Landshut 
(and  Munich'),  see  p.  136. 

Below  Landau  the  train  enters  the  broad  plain  of  the  Danube. 
Fine  glimpse  of  the  nearer  hills  of  the  Bavarian  Forest,  with  the 
distant  Arber  (p.  247).  —  82  M.  Wallersdorf;  851/2  M.  Otzing ;  89  M. 
Flattling,  where  we  cross  the  Ratisbon  and  Passau  railway  (p.  237). 

Beyond  Plattling  the  line  nears  the  Danube ,  passing  the  iso- 
lated Natternberg  with  its  ruin  on  the  left,  and  crosses  the  river  by 
an  iron  bridge,  440  yds.  long.  —  94  M.  Deggendorf  (1090  ft. ;  *Drei 


r^ 


.(^M£ 


to  FAsenstein.  GOTTESZELL.  43.  Route.     245 

Mohren^  R.  i^l^M ;  Post;  Villa  Wittelsbach,  pension  3^/,-  Dasber- 
yerbrdu  and  Hallerbriiu,  moderate),  a  pleasant  old-fasliioned  town 
with  thriving  trade  and  manufac-tures  (6200  inhab.).  On  the  out- 
skirts of  the  town  is  the  District  Lunatic  Asylum. 

The  Oeiersberg  (1243  ft.),  Vv:  hr.  to  the  N.,  with  a  pilgrimage-church, 
commands  a  fine  view  of  the  valley  of  the  Danuhe;  that  from  the  Kanzel 
(2378  ft.),  reached  hy  a  marked  path  in  li/z  hr.,  is  more  extensive.  — 
Pleasant  excursion  from  Deggendorf  bv  the  old  post-road ,  through  the 
valley  of  the  HoUenbach,  to  the  (9  M.)  beautifully-situated  Kusel  (259.0  ft. ; 
"Inri),  formerly  a  monastery.  Thence  on  foot  through  the  wood  to  the 
('/•J  hr.)  "Hausstein  (3007  ft.),  which  commands  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
plain  of  the  Danube  and  the  distant  Alps  (Watzmann,  Steinerne  Meer,  DacL- 
stein,  etc.).  —  The  road  leads  from  the  Rusel  through  the  valley  of  the 
Ohebach,  past  the  castle  of  Au,  destroyed  last  century,  to  (9  M.)  Regen  (see 
below). 

To  the  W.  of  Deggendorf  (2V2  M. ;  narrow-gauge  railway  in  V*  hr.) 
lies  Metten  (1043  ft.;  Post),  a  Benedictine  abbey  with  a  celebrated  school, 
founded  by  Charlemagne  in  792.  "Schloss  Egg  (1243  ft.),  seat  of  Count  Hohen- 
fhal,  3/4  M.  to  the  K.,  has  been  restored   in   the  mediseval  style  by  Vol/.. 

The  railway  from  Deggendorf  to  Eisenstein,  traversing  the  Ba- 
varian Forest,  has  had  many  engineering  difficulties  to  encounter. 

The  Bavarian  Forest  is  the  S.  W.  portion  of  the  extensive  Bohemian 
Forest  Mountains,  and  includes  the  highest  peaks  in  the  range  (the  Arber 
4780  ft.,  the  Rachel  4763  ft.).  Nearly  one-half  of  this  mountain -region, 
which  is  upwards  of  1800  sq.  M.  in  area,  and  lies  between  the  Donube 
and  the  Bohemian  frontier,  extending  from  Cham  and  Furth  on  the  N. 
to  below  Passau  towards  the  S.,  is  covered  with  pine  and  beech-forest, 
much  of  which,  especially  in  the  less  frequented  parts  (e.gr.  the  Rachel 
and  Falkenstein),  is  still  in  a  primseval  condition.  At  Hals  (p.  240),  Zwie- 
sel  (p.  246),  and  other  places  there  are  traces  of  glacier-action  and  mo- 
raines, indicating  that  the  mountains  were  once  covered  with  ice.  The 
beautiful  dark  forest-tarns  also  owe  their  origin  to  ancient  glaciers.  The 
timber-trade  and  cattle-breeding  are  the  chief  resources  of  the  natives, 
but  glass  and  linen  are  also  manufactured.  Snufl',  to  which  they  are 
much  addicted,  is  carried  about  in  little  glass  bottles  made  in  the  district. 
The  paths  are  good;  the^inns ,  though  unpretentious,  are  generally  clean 
and  cheap. 

The  line  ascends  the  W.  slopes  of  the' Kollbach- Thai,  crosses  the 
valley  hy  an  embankment,  turns  to  the  S.,  and  reaches  (IOOV2  MO 
l/iric/is6er^[1319ft.),  1/2  ^r.  above  which  is  the  Vlrichsberg  (1750  ft. ; 
Inn),  with  a  pilgrimage-church  and  a  fine  view.  The  train  then 
skirts  the  Kuhberg  (to  the  right  a  magnificent  view  of  the  plain  of 
the  Danube,  bounded  by  the  Salzburg  Alps),  passes  through  a  curved 
tunnel,  530  yds.  in  length,  and  ascends  the  Oraflinger-Thal  in  long 
windings.  Then  through  another  tunnel,  630  yds.  long,  to  (109  M.) 
Gotteszell  (1805  ft. ;  Brduhaus,  1/4  tr.  from  the  station),  in  the 
Teisnach-Thal,  with  a  Cistercian  abbey,  rebuilt  since  a  fire  in  1830. 

Interesting  excursion  (3  hrs. ;  road)  from  Gotteszell  by  Tofertsriid,  Ac/is- 
lac/i,  and  the  forester's  house  of  Oedicies  (good  quarters)  to  the  Hirschenstein 
(3662  ft.),  with  an  extensive  view.  To  the  K.  of  this  point  is  tho  ('  j  hr.) 
Rauhe  Kolm  or  Klauenstein  (3420  ft.),  with  a  fine  view  to  the  S.  Tu  the 
N.W.  are  the  Qlashiittenriegel  and  the  Predigtstuhl  (3556  ft.);  in  a  prelty 
valley  at  the  foot  of  the  latter  lies  the  village  of  Engelmar  (2637  ft. ; 
Echinger). 

From  Gotteszell  to  Vikchtach,  i5V'.'  M.,  narrow-gauge  railway  in 
IV4  hr.  The  line  r-uns  through  the  Teisnach-Thal.  2»/2  M.  Riihnuiniis/cU<^n 
(Post),  a  large  and  prettily  situated  village;  4V.;  M.  P^lcrsJorf ;   0  M.  Teis- 


246   Route  43.  ZWIESEL.  From  Rosenheim 

nach  (Ettl),  at  the  confluence  of  the  Teisnach  with  the  Schwarze  Regen 
(hence  to  Bodenmais  IV2  hr.).  The  train  now  follows  the  valley  of  the 
latter  stream,  passing  Bobrach,  Qumpenried^  and  (11  M.)  Schonau.  —  IS'/z  M. 
Viechtach  (1323  ft. ;  'Neue  Post ;  Obermaier),  a  pleasant  little  town,  the  seat 
(if  the  district  authorities.  To  the  S.  rise  the  highest  summits  of  the  Ffdhl 
(see  below).  An  attractive  excursion  (from  Schonau  1/2  hr.,  from  Viecht- 
ach via  Blossersberg  and  Bdrndorf  IV2  hr.)  may  he  made  to  the  ruin  of 
Neu-Xu^herg  (2276  ft.),  the  tower  of  which  commands  a  fine  view  (Inn). 
To  the  S.  we  may  go  to  (IVi  hr.)  Kollnhurg  (Brewery),  with  a  picturesque 
ruined  castle,  now  used  as  a  church;  and  thence  we  may  proceed  through 
fine  woods,  passing  Markbuchen  on  the  Predigtstuhl  (p.  245),  to  (2V2  hrs.)  the 
forester's  house  of  Oedwies  and  the  Hirschenstein  (p.  245).  —  A  pleasant 
road  leads  to  the  N.W.  from  Viechtach  to  Pirka,  Lammerbach,  Wettzell  (Inn), 
and  (9  M.)  Kotzting  (p.  235). 

1131/2  M.  Triefenried  (2120  ft.)-  The  line  skirts  the  forest- 
clad  hills  of  the  Teufelstisch  (see  below),  crosses  the  Ohebach  by 
means  of  a  lofty  viaduct,  and  descends  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Schwarze  Regen  to  (II81/2  M.)  stat.  Eegen  (1770  ft.),  opposite  the 
small  town  of  that  name  (Post;  Oswald;  pop.  2200).  Diligence 
daily  in  2'/4  hrs.  to  Bodenmais,  see  p.  247. 

To  the  S.E.  (3/4  hr.)  rises  Weissensiein  am  Pfahl  (2474  ft.),  a  ruined 
castle  on  a  jagged  quartz  rock,  with  a  restored  tower  commanding  a  fine 
view  (custodian  to  the  left  of  the  entrance),  —  The  Pfahl  is  a  broad  seam 
of  quartz  and  hornblende  running  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  for  a  distance  of 
GO  M. ;  it  may  be  conveniently  examined  in  the  railway-cutting  near  the 
bridge  over  the  Ohe. 

From  the  pleasantly  situated  village  of  Bischo/smais  (2182  ft. ;  Eder'a 
Brauhaus),  41/2  M.  to  the  S.  of  Regen,  attractive  excursions  may  be  made  to 
(3/4  hr.)  Ober-Breiienau  (3490  ft.),  the  (8/4  hr.)  Teufelstisch  (2960  ft.),  and  other 
points.  From  Bischofsmais  to  the  Rusel  (p.  246)  I72  hr. ,  to  Deggendorf 
(p.  244)  4  hrs. 

The  train  crosses  the  Regen ,  recrosses  it  near  Schweinhutt  by 
means  of  a  bridge  with  a  span  of  236  ft.,  and  regains  the  right 
bank  at  the  Poschinger  Saw  Mill  near  Zwiesel. 

125  M.  Zwiesel(2135  ft. ;  Post,  well  spoken  of;  DeutscherRhein, 
R.  1-1 1/2  «^^;  Bayrischer  M^ald'),  a  pleasant  little  town  with  3500 
inhab.,  in  a  broad  basin  at  the  confluence  of  the  Kleine  and  Orosse 
Regen,  is  a  good  starting-point  for  excursions  in  the  Bavarian  Forest, 
but  lacks  shade  and  is  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  woods. 
Near  it  are  the  glass-works  of  Theresienthal,  Ludwigsthal,  Ober- 
Zwieselau,  Ober-Frauenau,  s.niBuchenau,  and  numerous  saw-mills. 

The  Zwieselberg  (2260  ft.),  a  hill  strewn  with  blocks  of  granite,  '/z  hr. 
to  the  S.,  affords  a  good  survey  of  the  environs. 

Fkom  Zwiesel  to  Grafexau,  191/2  M..  narrow-gauge  railway  in  2  hrs. 
The  line  sweeps  round  the  town.  31/2  M.  Zwieselau;  6V2  M.  Frauenau, 
the  station  for  Unter- Frauenau  (two  inns)  and  for  Ober-Frauenau  (2368  ft.  ; 
1  M.  to  the  N.E.),  the  latter  with  the  imposing  chateau  of  Herr  von 
Poschinger.  —  Farther  on  we  ascend  rapidly  through  the  narrow  wooded 
valley  to  (10  M.)  Klingenbrunn,  the  station  of  which  lies  3  M.  to  the  If. W. 
of  the  village  (2693  ft. ;  Stangl).  The  Ludwigsstein  (2900  ft.),  \'i  hr.  to  the 
W.  of  the  village,  is  a  good  point  of  view.  Ascent  of  the  Rachel  from 
the  station,  see  below.  —  The  train  next  descends  to  (12  M.)  Spiegelau 
(Inn,  poor  J  ascent  of  the  Rachel,  see  p.  247)  and  then  runs  high  on  the 
left  side  of  the  narrow  gorge  of  the  brawling  Orosse  Ohe  to  (15  M.)  Gross- 
Armschlag  and  (19 V2  M.)  Grafenau  (2004  ft.;  Meindl;  Dresely's  Brewei'y; 
Stangl).  The  line  is  to  be  continued  from  this  point  to  (5  M.)  Hohenau 
(p.  241)  and  (5  M.)  Freyung  (p.  241).    Near  Grafenau  are    the  Barnsteiner- 


to  Eisenstein.  RACHEL.  43.  Route.     247 

leite,  the  narrow  wooded  ravine  of  the  Kleine  Ohe,  and  the  ruin  of  Bdrn- 
stein  (garden-restaurant).  Hoads  lead  from  Grafenau  to  (3V2  M.)  St.  Oticnld 
(see  below)  on  the  N.,  and  to  Timing  and  (26  M.)  Pastau  on  the  S. 

The  *Rachel  (4770  ft.)  is  best  ascended  either  from  Klingenhrunn 
fp.  246;  path  marked  with  blue  ;  21/2  hrs.)  or  from  F^piegelau  (along  the 
Schwarzach;  3  hrs.).  The  barren  summit  (refuge-hut;  no  rfrats.),  strewn 
with  blocks  of  granite,  commands  a  splendid  view  of  the  Kohemian  Forest 
and  the  plain  of  the  Danube,  extending  in  clear  weather  to  the  distant  Alps. 
On  the  S.E.  side  lies  the  dark  forest-girt  "Raeheltee,  1250  ft.  below.  It 
may  be  reached  from  the  top  in  2/4  hr.  (path  indicated  by  blue  marks); 
and  we  may  then,  passing  the  forester's  hut  (rfmts.),  go  by  Ouglod  and 
Siehenellen  to  (3  hrs.)  St.  Osioald  (see  below).  Or  from  the  Rachel  we  may 
follow  the  frontier-line  to  the  E.  (black  marks  ;  but  as  this  route  is  mono- 
tonous ,  it  is  better  to  follow  the  white  marks,  running  on  the  hillside 
above  the  lake  and  past  the  chapel,  and  to  descend  to  the  right  through 
the  wood  and  cross  the  Zwolferlinie,  about  5  hrs.  in  all)  to  the  (4V'2  hrs.) 
lusen  (4494  ft.),  the  granite-strewn  summit  of  which  also  commands  a 
superb  view.  Descent  by  the  Waldhauser  (3028  ft. ;  Inn)  to  (2  hrs.)  St.  Oswald 
(2695  ft. ;  "Schreiner's  Brauhaus) ,  once  a  monastery,  beautifully  situated 
("View  from  the  'gloriette'),  whence  we  may  proceed  by  Reichenberg  to 
(1  hr.)  Spiegelau  (p.  246).  —  The  little  town  of  Grafenau  (p.  246)  lies 
about  472  M.  to  the  S.W.  of  St.  Oswald. 

A  good  road  leads  to  the  N.W.  from  Zwiesel  to  Klautzenhach  and 
(21/4  M.)  Rahenstein  (2248  ft. ;  *Villa  Eabenstein,  D.  11/4.  pens.  3-4  jK,  pret- 
tily situated),  and  thence  through  splendid  timber,  past  a  quarry  with  a 
small  subterranean  lake  (beautiful  rose-coloured  quartz)  and  via  Schonehen 
to  (8  M.)  Bodenmais  (2220  ft. ;  *Post ;  Dresely^s  Brauhaus.,  with  rooms),  pleas- 
antly situated  on  a  hill.  (A  pleasanter  but  longer  route  leads  from  Raben- 
stein  to  Bodenmais  via  the  Eiihnerkobel,  3110  ft.,  a  hill  affording  a  splendid 
view  of  the  Arber,  Zwiesel,  and  Rachel.)  Opposite  Bodenmais  rises  the 
red  Silberberg,  composed  of  a  kind  of  slag,  with  its  indented  peak  called 
the  Bischofshaube  (%iitre' ;  3136  ft.).  Vitriol  and  red  polishing  powder  are 
made  from  the  ore  obtained  here.  Rare  minerals  are  also  found  (good 
collection  at  the  overseer's  house).     Diligence  to  Regen.,  see  p.  246. 

The  "Arber  (4780  ft.),  the  'King  of  the  Forest'  is  easily  ascended  from 
Bodenmais  in  2' '2-3  hrs.  (guide,  unnecessary,  4  Jl;  to  the  Arber  and 
5ommerau  6  Jl)-  The  path  leads  through  the  Riesloch,  a  pretty  ravine  with 
small  waterfalls.  (Attractive  digression  of  1/2  hr.  from  the  upper  end  of 
this  gorge  to  the  Rechensoldenfelsen.,  with  pretty  views  of  the  valley  and 
of  Bodenmais.)  On  the  bare  rock-strewn  summit  of  the  Arber  stand  a 
chapel  and  the  Arber-Schuizhaus  (Inn,  13  mattresses  in  3  rooms,  1  u(f,  clean). 
A  peregrination  of  the  summit-plateau  takes  about  ^/i  hr.  Superb  view  of  a 
great  part  of  Bohemia  to  the  E.,  the  Fichtelgebirge  to  the  W.,  and  in  clear 
weather  the  Alps  to  the  S.  On  the  E.  side,  far  below,  lies  the  sombre 
Orosse  Arbersee  (3064  ft.;  rfmts.,  dear),  surrounded  with  wood.  Descent  to 
the  frontier-station  Eisenstein  (see  p.  24i3)  either  past  the  lake  and  through 
the  Seebachwald  and  Bayrisch-Eisen.ttein  in  2  hrs.,  or  by  the  ruined  Ober- 
thurnhof  {good  water),  the  Brennes-Sattel,  and  Bat/risch- Eisenstein  in  3  hrs. 

The  excursion  to  the  Arber  may  be  agreeably  extended  thus.  From  the 
(3/4  hr.)  Oberthurnfiof  (see  above)  we  cross  the  Brennei-Saitel  (where  the 
path  from  Eisenstein  comes  in  on  the  right)  to  (D,  4  hr.)  Sommerau  (2200  ft.  ; 
Brewery)  on  the  Weisse  Began  ,  and  thence  go  to  the  right  (poor  path)  to 
(V2  hr.)  Lohberg  (2125  ft.;  *Kellermayer),  a  village  with  a  richly  decorated 
Romanesque  church,  a  good  centre  for  excursions  (over  the  Scheiben-Sattel 
to  Eisenstein,  3  hrs.,  see  p.  248).  From  Lohberg  a  road  (one-horse  carr.  to 
Lam  4  J/,  incl.  fee)  leads  along  the  base  of  the  Osser  (see  below)  to  (31/2  M.) 
Lam  (189G  ft.;  Post,  poor),  a  large  village  prettily  situated  on  the  Weisse 
Regen  ,  the  valley  of  which  ('Lamer  Winkcl)  seems  to  be  closed  by  the 
Ilofie  Bogen  (p.  236) ;  thence  on  foot  (with  guide)  across  the  Scharreben 
(3470  ft.),  through  beautiful  woods,  back  to  (4»/2  hrs.)  Bodenmais.  —  Rail- 
way  from  Lam  to  Ko(:ting  and  Cham  (2^/4  hrs.),  see  p.  235. 

[From  Lohherg  (see  above)  to  Eisenstein  across  the  Osser,  6-7  hrs., 
a  beautiful   walk.     A   distinct  path   (indicated   by  red   marks),    steep   at 


248     Route  43.  EISENSTEIN. 

places,  ascends  in  2  hrs.  to  the  saddle  between  the  Little  or  Bavarian  Osser 
(4075  ft.)  on  the  left,  and  the  Great  or  Bohemian  Osser  (4210  ft.)  on  the 
right.  The  top  of  either  is  reached  in  10  minutes.  The  Great  Osser  (strewn 
with  granite-blocks ;  open  refuge-hut)  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  Arber 
chain;  the  Little  Osser,  a  good  view  of  the  Lam,  etc.  From  the  saddle  we 
next  follow  the  bridle-path  (direction-boards)  to  the  E.  to  the  (Vz  hr.) 
Oiitelplatz  (3120  ft.),  whither  also  a  route  leads  direct  in  li/z  hr.  from  Loh- 
berg,  diverging  from  the  Osser  route  to  the  right  (guide-post  'Zum  Schwar- 
zen  See'),  and  crossing  the  Sesselplatz  (3696  ft.).  Then  through  wood  (be- 
low, to  the  left,  the  glass-work  Miillerhiltte)  either  direct  to  the  Seewand 
(see  below)  or  (better)  to  the  (IV2  hr.)  Schwarze  See  (3310  ft.;  also  called 
Bistritzer  or  Bohmische  See)^  90  acres  in  area,  in  a  grand  solitude.  The  open 
pavilion  (no  rfmts.)  on  the  lake  belongs  to  Prince  Hohenzollern-Sig- 
maringen,  who  also  caused  the  bridle-path  from  the  Osser  to  be  construct- 
ed. From  the  end  of  the  lake  we  ascend  to  the  right  and  follow  a  path 
soon  diverging  to  the  right  to  the  Seewand  (4406  ft.  ;  view  limited ;  more 
extensive  from  the  Zwergeck,  10  min.  to  the  N.W.)  ,  whence  we  descend 
through  the  Pichelbach-Thal  to  (i'^/i'hv.)  Eisenstein.  Or  we  may  turn  to  the 
left  at  the  end  of  the  Schwarze  See,  cross  the  watershed  between  the  Elbe 
and  the  Danube,  and  skirt  the  (1  hr.)  gloomy  Teuf els-See  or  Girglsee  (3380  ft.); 
then,  passing  Stiegelruck  and  Berghaus,  we  descend  lastly  to  Markt  Eisen- 
stein'oT  to  the  glass-works  of  Elisenthal  (Hotel,  with  baths")  and  the  (IV4  hr.) 
railway-station  of  Eisenstein.  Or,  thirdly,  from  the  end  of  the  lake,  we 
may  go  to  the  left  to  the  (1/2  hr.)  Seeforster  (Inn,  high  charges),  and  then 
cross  the  Spitzherg- Sattel  (3300  ft.;  HOt.-Pens.  Rixi,  Pens.  Prokop,  both 
Bohemian  ;  fine  view)  to  the  (1^2  hr.)  station  oi  Spitzherg  (see  below),  1/4  hr. 
by  train  from  Eisenstein.'] 

Above  Zwiesel  the  train  again  crosses  the  Regen ,  and  then  the 
Kolbersbach  by  a  lofty  viaduct.  128  M.  Ludwigsthal  (2163  ft.),  with 
glass-works.  The  line  ascends  the  left  bank  of  the  Regan,  running 
parallel  with  the  road  to  Bohemia  and  passing  many  glass  and 
smelting  houses,  and  reaches  the  Bavarian  and  Bohemian  frontier- 
station  (133  M.)  Eisenstein  (2365  ft.  •,  '-^Rail.  Restaurant,  R.  1  fl.), 
■where  we  have  a  fine  view  of  the  Arber  to  the  W.  (see  above). 

To  the  W.  lies  the  village  of  (V2  M.)  BayHsch-Eisenstein  (2398  ft. ;  Brau- 
haus,  with  garden,  but  no  beds  ;  *Oberst,  rustic).  To  the  N.,  beyond  Elisen- 
thal (see  above),  is  the  Bohemian  Markt-Eisen stein  (2540  ft.;  Osser,  vrith 
garden;  Post;  Arber;  Bohmerwald),  prettily  situated  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Regen  and  the  Eisenbach,  with  a  fine  view  of  the  Arber.  It  is  a  station 
on  the  railway  to  Pilsen  and  is  frequented  as  a  summer-resort,  affording 
opportunity  for  many  agreeable  excursions.  —  To  the  (V2  hr.)  Grosse 
Tnnne  (a  fir  61/2  ft.  in  diameter),  with  descent  to  the  (1/2  hr.)  rail,  station. 
—  To  the  (11/4  hr.)  Zwieseler  Waldhaus  (2283  ft.;  *Inn;  to  Zwiesel  2  hrs.), 
and  thence  either  to  (lV2hr.)  the  summit  of  the  Grosse  Falkenstein  (4316  ft.), 
or  through  fine  wood  via  the  Eochberg  to  the  (IV2  hr.)  frontier  rail,  station, 
or  to  (I1/4  hr.)  I/iidwigsthal  (see  above).  —  To  the  (2  hrs.)  Arber-See,  and 
ascent  of  the  (V/2  hr.)  Arber,  with  descent  to  (I72  hr.)  Bodenviais  or  (2  hrs.) 
Lohberg,  see  p.  247.  —  By  railway  to  Spitzberg  or  Hammey'n-Eisenstrass  (see 
below)  and  back  thence  via  the  Schwarze  See  and  Tenf  els-See  (31/2-4  hrs. ; 
see  above);  or  we  may  ascend  the  Osser  (IY2  hr. ;  see  above)  from  Ham- 
mern-Eisenstrass.  —  Ascent  of  the  Seewand  (2V2  hrs.).  see  above;  over  the 
Scheiben  to  (3  hrs.)  Lohberg  (p.  247). 

From  Eise>,-stein  to  Pilsek,  61  M..  railway  in  31/4  hrs.  The  more  im- 
portant stations  are:  3  M.  Bohmisch- Eisenstein  (see  above);  5  M.  Spitzherg 
(2725  ft.),  at  the  S.  end  of  the  Spitzherg  Tunnel  (1  M.  long);  10  M.  Hammern- 
Eisenstrass,  at  the  S.E.  foot  of  the  Osser  (see  above  ;  ascended  hence  in 
11/2  hr.)  and  also  the  starting-point  for  a  visit  to  the  Schwarze  See  (see 
above);  15  M.  Griln;  21  M.  Neuern;  26  M.  Janowitz;  31  M.  Klaftau.  Comp. 
Baedeker^ s  Austria. 


INDEX. 


Aach,  the  53.  54. 
—  Linz  55. 
Aalen  28. 
Abbach  125. 
Abensberg  127. 
Ablach,  the  54. 
Abusina  127. 
Achalm  46. 
Achen  219. 
— ,  the  216.  219. 
— ,  the  Grosse  223. 
Achenkirch  219. 
Achensee  219. 
Achenwald  216.  219. 
Achslach  245. 
Adelholzen  223. 
Adelsberg  30. 
Adelschlag  132. 
Adelsheini  71. 
Adlerslein  93. 
Adling  221. 
Adorf  73. 

Aepflet-Kuppe,  the   236 
Aeschach  201. 
Agatharied  220. 
Aggenstein  202. 
Ahornthal  94. 
Ahmschwang  235. 
Aibling  222. 
Aichach  127. 
Ailsbach,  the  94. 
Aisch,  the  69. 
Aistaig  40. 
Aitrang  199. 
Alb,  the  Swabian  42. 
— ,  the  Rauhe  32. 
St.  Alban  197. 
Albeck,  ruin  40. 
Aldingen  40. 
Alexandersbad  92. 
Alf alter  110. 
Algau,  the  199. 
Allach  133. 
AUensbach  55. 
Allerfldorf  127. 
Ailing  125. 
Allmannsdorf  57. 
Allmannshausen  190. 
Allmannshohe  57. 
Allmendingen  53. 
Almbach-Klamm  229. 
Alpgarten  226. 
Alpirsbach  39. 


Alpsee,  the  200.  204. 
Alpspitze  210. 
Altbach  30. 
Altdorf  118. 
Alteburghof  47. 
Altenberg  84. 
Altenburg  72. 
— ,  castle  80. 
Altengronau  85. 
Altenmarkt  224. 
Altenmuhr  131. 
Altenschwand  235. 
Altenstadt  33. 
Alte  Veste  70. 
Althegnenberg  134. 
Altheim  39.  136.  234. 
Althengstett  16. 
Altlach  214. 
Altmannshof  235. 
Alfmiihl,    the    HI.  125, 
131. 

—  Thai,  the  126. 
Alt-Oetting  233. 
Altshausen  54.  56. 
Altstadt  38.  40. 
Altstadter  Berg  81. 
Alwind  201. 
Alzenau  59. 
Ambach  196. 
Amberg  235. 
Ammer,  the  197.  207. 
Ammerland  194.  196. 
Ammersee,  the  197. 
Ammerthal,  the  197.  212 
Ammerwald  212. 

—  Thai,  the  212. 
Amorbach  62. 
Ampelsbach-Thal  219. 
Amper,  the  134.  136. 198, 

—  Thai,  the  133. 
.Vmpfing  233. 
Amselting  237. 
Amstetten  32. 
Andechs  197. 
.\ndelsbach,  the  55. 
Andorf  242. 
Auger  216. 
Anhausen  54. 
\nkathal,  the  110. 
Annahohe,  the  63. 
Ansbach  130.  26. 
St.  Anton  208. 
Arber,  the  247. 


Arbersee,  the  247. 
Arch,  the  213. 

—  Bach,  the  206. 
Argen,  the  54. 
Arnstein  64. 
Arrach  235. 
Arzberg  111. 
Asamshohe,  the  207. 
Asch  73. 

Aschach  85.  243. 
Aschaffenburg  60. 
Aschauer  Weiher  229. 
Asperg  15. 
Assling  221. 
Athayingen  54. 
Attel,  the  221.  243. 
— ,  provostry  243. 
Au,  castle  245. 
— ,  monastery  244. 
Aubing  198. 
Auerbach  71. 

—  (Saxony)  72. 

—  Thai,  the  221. 
Aufhausen  194. 
Aufkirchen  196.  194. 
Augsbnrg  113. 
Aulendorf  34.  54. 
Aurach  220. 

— ,  the  69. 
Axljoch,  the  206. 

Baar,  the  40. 
Babenhausen  23.  61. 
Bacher  Tobel  200. 
Biicker-Alp  221. 
Backnang  25. 
Badersee  209. 
Baierbrunn  194. 
Baiersdorf  80. 
Bairisch-Zell  220. 
Balingen  50. 
Balterataried  202. 
Bamberg  75. 
Bammenthal  22. 
Banz  74.  75. 
Barenfang  91. 
Biirenthal  63. 
Barmaee  210.  215. 
Biirndorf  246. 
Barnreut  90. 
Barnatein,  ruin  247. 
Barnsteiner  Leite  246. 
St.  Bartholomii  231. 


250 


INDEX. 


St.  Bartholoma,  Lake  of 

230. 
Baumenheim  113. 
Bavarian  Forest,  the  236. 

241.  245. 
Bayerdiessen  197. 
Bayersoven  197. 
Bayreutii  86. 
Bayriscli-Eisenstein   247. 

248. 
Bebenhausen  33. 
Beckstetten  193. 
Beerfelden  23. 
Befreiungslialle,  the,  near 

Kelheim  126. 
Behringersdorf  109. 
BehringersmiiM  93. 
Beihinsen  25.  16. 
Beilngries  118. 
Beimerstetten  32. 
Belsener  Chapel  48. 
Bempflingen  35. 
Benediktheuern  213. 
Benediktenwand  213. 
Beratzhausen  119. 
Berchtesgaden  227. 
Bere  12.  136. 
— .  Schlosa  196. 
Bergen  22S. 
Berghaua  248. 
Bergrheinfeld  82. 
Bergtheim  82. 
Bernau  223. 
Berneck  89. 
Bemhaupten  223. 
Bernried  196.  213. 
Berolzheim  131. 
Bertaburg-Kornberg  31. 
Bertholdsheim  128. 
Besenbach  213. 
Besigheim  19. 
Bettelmannshohle  54. 
Bettinger  Berg,  the  63. 
Betzigau  199. 
Betzingen  36. 
Beuerberg  195. 
Beuren  44. 

Beurener  Fels,  the  44. 
Beuron,  monast.  52. 
Beutelsbach  27. 
Biberach  34. 
Bibersohl  32. 
Biberwier  207. 
Biburg  127. 
Bichelbach  206. 
Bichishausen  54. 
Bichl  213. 
Bichtlingen  55. 
Bieringen  38. 
Biessenhofen  199. 
Bietigheim  15.  25. 
Bina,  the  244. 
Binau  22. 


Binder-Miihle  233. 
Bindlach  86. 
Birgsau  200. 
Birkenfeld  IS. 
Birkensee  134. 
Bischofsgriin  90. 
Bischofshaube  247. 
Bischofsheim  85. 
Bischofsmais  246. 
Bischofswiesen  227.  229. 
Bisingen  50. 
Bistritzer  See  248. 
Blaibach  235. 
Blaichach  200. 
Blankenberg  73. 
Blasibad  48. 
Blasiberg  48. 
Blau,  the  32.  52. 
Blaubeuren  53. 
Blaue  Gumpen  210. 
Blaueis,  the  232. 
Blautopf.  the  53. 
Blenheim  113. 
Blindheim  113. 
Blindsee  207. 
Blockenau  205. 
Blockenstein,  the  241. 

—  See,  the  241. 
Blossersberg  246. 
Blumenberg.  the  132. 
Blutenburg  195. 
Bobing  197. 
Bobinsen  198. 
Boblingen  39. 
Bobrach  246. 
Bockl-Weiher  229. 
Booklet  85. 
Bodelshausen  48. 
Bodenbuhl  226. 
Bodenlaube  83.  84. 
Bodenmais  247.  246. 
Bodensee,  see  Lake  of 

Constance. 
Bodenschneid  220. 
Bodenwohr  235. 
Bodmann  58. 
Bogenhausen  193. 
Bohemian    Forest ,     the 

242.  245. 
Bohlen  72. 
Bohmisch-Eisenstein  248. 

—  Rohren  242. 
Bohmische  See,  the  248. 
Bohringen  53. 
Bolberg,  the  48. 

Boll,  baths  31. 
Bollatfels,  the  50. 
Bondorf  39. 
Bopfingen  29. 
Bopser,  the  11. 
Bomheim  59. 
Bosler,  the  31. 
Boxberg  71. 


Brambach  73. 
Brandenherger  Thai  220. 
Brandholz  90. 
Brandkopf,  the  230. 
Brandschrofen,  the  205. 
Brandstatt  243. 
Braunau  234. 
Braunenberg,  the  28. 
Brecherspitze,  the  220. 
Bregenz  201. 
Breitach,  the  200.  234. 
Breitenaich  243. 
Breitenberg  241. 
Breitenbrunn  197. 
Breiten-Glissbach  75. 
Breitenstein  31. 
Breitenwang  206.  213. 
Bremstall-Wald,  the  209. 
Brendlorenzen  85. 
Brendthal,  the  85, 
Brennes-Sattel,  the  247. 
Brentenwand,  the  230. 
Brenz,  the  28.  113. 
Brenzkofer  Berg,  the  52. 
Brenztopf,  the  28. 
Brett,  the  230. 
Brettach,  the  24. 
Bretten  14. 
Bretzfeld  24. 
Briaachthal,  the  40. 
Brixlegg  220. 
Bronnbach  70. 
Bronnweiler  47. 
Brotzingen  18. 
Bruchsal  14. 
Bruck  on  the  Amper  198. 
Bruckberg  136. 
Briickenau  85. 
Briihl  57. 
Brunnenthal  242. 
Briinnling-Alpe  223. 
Buch  234. 
Buchau  219. 
Buchberg  241. 
Buchberger  Leite  241. 
Biichelberg  26. 
Buchenau  246. 
— ,  castle  243. 
Buchhaus  91. 
Buchloe  193. 
Budweiss  242. 
Bug  80. 
Biihl  200. 

Biihlerbach,  the  25. 
Bundesstein,  the  92. 
Buoch  27. 
Burgau  133. 
Burgberg  25.  28.  200. 
— ,  the  74. 
Burgbernheim  130. 
Burgfarrnbach  69. 
Burgfelden  50. 
Burggailenreuth  93.  94. 


INDEX. 


251 


Burghalde  199. 
Burghausen  234. 
Burgheim  128. 
Burgholz,  the  14. 
Burgkunstadt  74. 
Burglen-enfeld  134. 
Burgstadt  62. 
Burgstall  25. 
— ,  the  2(X).  235.  236. 
Burgstein,  the  46.  92.  131, 
Burkardas-Hohle  63. 
Burlafingen  133. 
Burren,  the  31. 
Biirrenhof,  the  44. 
Buss-Thurm,  the  38. 
Bussen,  the  54. 
Buttenhausen  54. 
Buxheim  54. 

Cadolzburg  70. 
Calmbach  18. 
Calw  16. 
Cannstatt  13. 
Carolinenfeld,  Grosa-221. 
Cham  235. 

Chamb-Thal,  the  235. 
Chamerau  235. 
Chamereck  235. 
Charlottenhohle,  the  28. 
Chemnitz  72.  73. 
Chiemsee,  the  222. 
Christlietier,  Islet  of  230. 
Clemenshall  22. 
Constance  55.  201. 
— ,  Lake  of  56.  201. 
Crailsheim  25. 
Creglingen  130. 
Creussen  110. 
Crimmitzschau  72. 
Culmbaca  74. 

Dachau  133. 
DachauerMoos  133.  134. 

198. 
Dallau  71. 
Dambach  70. 
Dammbach-Thal  63. 
Danube,   the   32.  40.  51. 

52.53.112.113.119.125. 

126.  236.  etc. 
Darching  220. 
Darmstadt  61. 
Dasing  127. 
Degerloch  11. 
Deggendorf  244. 
Deggingen  31. 
Deining  118. 
Deisenhofen  215. 
Derneck,  ruin  54. 
Dettelbach  69. 
Dettingen   (on  the  Main) 

60. 
—  (Swabia)  36.  44.  53. 


Dettwang  130. 
Deuerling  119. 
Diedorf  133. 
Diemendorf  197. 
Diepoldsburg  43.  31. 
Diesbach  233. 
Diessen  197. 
Dietersbach,  the  200. 
Dietfurt  52.  244. 
Dikenreis  34. 
Dillin-en  113. 
Dilsberg  72. 
Dingolfing  136. 
Dinkelsbiihl  112. 
Dinkelscherben  133. 
Distelhausen  70. 
Ditzenbach  31. 
Ditzingen  16. 
Dobel  19. 

Dobraberg,  the  73. 
Dolderthal,  the  47. 
Dollnstein  131. 
Dombiihl  26.  112. 
Donauheuneburg  54. 
Donaumoos,  the  127. 
Donaustauf  124. 
Donauworth  112. 
Donzdorf  31. 
Doos  70.  81.  93.  94. 
Dorfen  194. 
Dorfgiitingen  112. 
Dorfprozelten  62. 
Dornigheim-Hochstadt 

59. 
Dosbach,  the  112. 
Dottenheim  69. 
Drei  Briider  91. 
Dreieckmarkstein  241. 
Dreifaltigkeitsberg  12i. 
Dreifiirstenstein  48. 
Drei  Quellen,  the  93. 
Dreitcsselstein  241. 
Dreistelzenberg  85. 
Durach  202. 
Durlach  18. 
Durlesbach  34. 
Diirnbuch  127. 
Diirreberg  203. 
Diirrenzimmern  111. 
Diisselbach  110. 
Dusslingen  48. 
Dutzendteich  118.  109. 

Ebelsbach  82. 
Eben  219. 

Ebenhausen  83.  85.  194, 
Ebenhofen  202. 
Ebensfeld  75. 
Eberbach  22.  71. 
Eberhartsberg  81. 
Ebermannstadt  93. 
Ebersbach  30. 
Ebingen  50. 


Ebnisee  25. 

Echaz,  the  36.  47. 

Eckarts  85. 

Eckartshausen  25. 

Eckbauer  209. 

Eckenberg  208. 

Eckersdorf  88. 

Ecksberg  244. 

Eckstein  236. 

Ed,  the  221. 

Edelfingen  70. 

Edelsberg  202. 

Edelstein  58. 

Edelwei3slahnerkopf232. 

Efferding  243. 

Eger  73.  111. 

-,  the  29.91.111.134. 

Egern  218. 

Egg,  chateau  245. 

Eggen  199. 

Eggenfelden  244. 

Egglkofen  136. 

Egsmiihl  135. 

Ege:olsheim  80. 

Egloffstein  81.  93. 

Eglosheim  16. 

Ehingen  38.  53. 

Ehningen  39. 

Ehrenberg  22. 

Ehrenberger  Klause  206. 

Ehrenfels,  chateau  54. 
Old,  ruin  54. 

Ehrwald  210. 

Ehrwalder  Schanze  210. 

Eibsee  209. 

Eichhofen  119. 

Eichicht  74. 

Eicholzheim  71. 
Eichstatt  132. 
Eining  127. 
Einkorn  25. 
Einodsbach  200. 
Einsingen  34. 
Eisenbach,  the  248. 
Eisenstein  248. 
Eislingen  31.  43. 
Elchingen  133. 
Eleonorenhain  242. 
Elisabethenburg  27. 
Elisenthal  2i8. 
Ellingen  131. 
Ellrichshausen  26. 
Ellwangen  26. 
Elm  63. 

Elmau  209.  218. 
Elmauer  Gries  212. 
Elsawa-Thal,  the  63. 
Elsenz,  the  22.  72. 
Elster  73. 
— ,  the  Weisse  72. 
—  Thai,  the  72. 
Eltersdorf  81. 
Eltmann  S2. 


252 


INDEX. 


Elz,  the  22.  71. 
Empfing,  baths  224. 
Emskirchen  69. 
Endersbach  27. 
Endorf  222. 
Endsthal  230. 
Engelhardsberg  93. 
Engelhartszell  242. 
Engelhof  43. 
Engelmannsreuth  110. 
Engelmar  245. 
Engelsberg,mona3tery  62. 
Engelsburg  89. 
Engelszell ,   monastery 

242. 
Engen  41. 
Engstlatt  50. 
Eningen  46. 
Enter-Rottach  218. 
Enz,  the  15.  17.  18.  19. 
Enzberg  17. 
Enzenau  216. 
Enzenstetten  203. 
Enzisweiler  201. 
Enzklosterle  19. 
Epfendorf  40. 
Epfenhausen  19S. 
Epprechtstein  91.  134. 
Erbach  23.  34. 
Erding  233. 

Eremitage,  chateau  88. 
Ergenzingen  39. 
Ergoldsbach  135. 
Erkenbrechtsweiler  44. 
Erlangen  80. 
Erlau  241.   242. 
Erlenbach  60. 
Ermetzhofen  123. 
Erms,  the  36.  44. 
Erpfingen  47. 
Ertingen  54. 
Erzberg,  the  235. 
Erzherzog  -  Johann  - 

Klause  220. 
Eschau  63. 
Eschelbronn  71. 
Eschenau  24. 
Eschenbach  31.  110.  131, 
Eschenlohe  207. 
Eschlkam  236. 
Essendorf  34. 
Easing,  Alt  and  Neu  126 
Essingen  28. 
Essleben  82. 
Esslingen  29. 
Esterberg-Bauer  210. 
Ettal  211. 

Ettaler  Mandl,  the  211. 
Etterzhansen  119. 
Etwashausen  69. 
Etzelwang  234. 
Etzerschlcissl  229. 
Eubigheim  71. 


Euerdorf  64. 
Eurasburg  195. 
Eussenheim  64. 
Eutingen  17.  39. 
Eyach  38. 
the  50. 
Eyachhornle  50. 
Eyachmiihl  19. 
Eybach  31. 
Eybachthal,  the  31. 

Falepp  220. 

— ,  the  Rothe  220. 

— ,  the  Weisse  218. 

Falkenstein,   ruin,    near 

Sigmaringen  52. 
—  (Saxony)  72. 
— ,  the  202.  223. 

(Konigs-See)  230 

— ,  the  Grosse  248. 
Fall  216. 
Fallmiihle  202. 
Falls-Gefrees  74. 
Falterbach  Waterfall  200. 
Falzkopfl,  the  232. 
Falznerweiher  109. 
Fantaisie,  chateau  88. 
Farchant  208. 
Faukenbach,  the  208. 
Faukenschlucht  208. 
Faulenbach  203. 
— ,  the  40. 
Faurndau  30. 
Fechenbach  62. 
Federsee  54. 
FeUberg  199. 
Feldafmg  196. 
Feldmoching  136. 
Feldstatten  53. 
Fellbach  27. 
Ferchenbach,  the  210. 
Ferchen-See  209.  211. 
Fern  Pass  207. 
Fernstein  207. 
Fessenheim  112. 
Feucht  118. 
Feuchtwangen  112. 
Feuerbach  17. 
Feuerbacher  Heide  11. 
Feuerpalfen  231. 
Fichtelberg  110. 
Fichtelnab,  the  110.  134. 
Fichtenberg  25. 
Fichtelgebirge,  the  88 
Fieberberg  216. 
Filder,  the  39. 
Fil3,  the  30.  31. 
Filseck,  chateau  30. 
Fischburg-Thal  45. 
Fischen  197.  200. 
Fischhausen  220. 
Fischingen  40. 
Fischunkel-Alp  231. 


Fleck  216. 
Flochberg,  the  29. 
Floriansberg,  the  36. 
Forchheim  80. 
Fornsbach  25. 
Forstershohle  94. 
Fortschendorf  74. 
Francon.  Switzerland  92. 
Frankfort  59. 
Franzensbad  73. 
Frauenau  246. 
Fraueninsel  222. 
Freiberg-See  200. 
Freihdls  235. 
Freilassing  224. 
Freising  136. 
Freiung  235. 
Fremdingen  112. 
Freudenberg  62. 
Freudensee  241. 
Freudenstadt  39. 
Freundschafts  -  Hohlen 

58. 
Freystadt  118. 
Freyung  241. 
Fridingen  52. 
Friedberg  127.  133. 
Friedrichshafen  35. 
Friedrichshall  22. 
Frommern  50. 
Fronau  232. 
Frondeck  38. 
Frontenhausen  244. 
Fachseck  31. 
Fuchsenstein  227. 
Fuchsstadt  64. 
Funtensee-Tauern  230. 
Fiirstenau  23. 
Filrsteneck  241. 
Fiirstenfeld  198. 
Fiirstenfeldbruck  198. 
Fiirstenhohe  51. 
Furth  236. 
Fiirth  69.  81. 
Fiissen  203. 

Gabelbach  133. 
Gacht,  Pass  206. 
Gachtspitz  206. 
Gadheim  82. 
Gaildorf  25. 
Gailenkirchen  24. 
Gailenreuther  Hohle  94. 
Gaimersheim  132. 
Gaimiihle  23. 
Gaisalpe  218. 
Gaishohe,  the  63. 
Galgenberg  109. 
Gamburg  70. 
Gamertingen  50. 
Gangkofen  244. 
Garatshausen  196. 
Garmisch  208. 


INDEX. 


253 


Gars  2i4. 
Gartriagen  39. 
Gaschwitz  72. 
Gasseldorf  93. 
Gattern  241. 
Gau,  the  39. 
Gausmannsweiler  25. 
Gautiag  195. 
GebharJsberg  2)1. 
Gebrochen  -  Gutenstein 

51. 
Gefree3  74.  89. 
Geiersberg,  the  211.  246. 
Geinberg  234. 
Geiselhoring  m  236. 
Geisenhausen  133. 
Geislingen  31.  43. 
Geislinger  Steig,  the  32. 
Geitau  220. 
Gelber  Felsen  43. 
Gemiinden  63. 
Genderkingen  128. 
Genkingen  47. 
Gennach,  the  198. 
St.  Georgen  86.  88. 
Georgenau  44. 
Georgensgmiind  111. 
Georgsberg  239. 
Gera  72. 

Gerbershohle  54. 
Gerhausen,  castle  53. 
Gerlachsheim  70. 
Gern  229. 
Gernsbach  39. 
Gernspitz  206. 
Gernthal  216. 
Gerold  210. 
Geroldsgriin  73. 
Geroldshausen  70. 
Gersthofen  113. 
Gessertshausen  133. 
Geyerkopf  212. 
Geyersberg,  the  63. 
Giech,  castle  75. 
Giengen  28. 
Giessenbach,  the  211. 
St.  Gilgenberg  88. 
Gimpel,  the  206. 
Gindel-Alp  218. 
Gindelalmschneid  218. 
Gingen  31. 
Girching  237. 
GirgelBtein  92. 
Girglsee,  the  248. 
Glasenmiihle  90. 
Glashiitte  218. 
Glashiitten  89. 
Glashiittenriegel  245. 
Glasthal,  the  54. 
Glauchau  72. 
Glon,  the  133. 
Glonn  221. 
—  Thai,  the  221. 


Gmain  227. 
Gmund  217. 
Gmundbriicke  227.  231. 
Gmiind  (Swabia)  28. 
Gogging  127. 
Goggintien  55.  118. 
Gohlstein  230. 
Goldmuhl  90. 
Goldmiihlthal  90. 
Goldshofe  28.  26. 
Goll,  the  Hohe  230. 
Goltzschthal,  the  72. 
Gomadingen  47. 
Gompelscheuer  19. 
Gondelsheim  14. 
Gonningen  47. 
Goppingen  30.  43. 
Gosberg  93. 
Gossenheim  64. 
Gossmannsdorf  128. 
Gossnitz  72. 
Gossweinstein  94. 
Gottes-Zell,  monast.  28. 

Gottfrieding  136. 
Gottmadingen  41. 
Gotzen-Alp  231. 
Grabenstetten  43. 
Grablensberg  50. 
Grafenau  246. 
Griifenberg  81. 
Grafeneck,  castle  47.  54. 
Grafenherberg  Alp  221. 
Grafenwiesen  235. 
Grafing  221. 

GraHioger-Thal,  the  245. 
Grafrath  198. 
Grassemann  90. 
Graswang  212. 
Grat,  the  50. 

,  the  Schwarze  54. 
Greifenberg  198. 
Greifenstein,  the  46. 
Greiz  72. 

Griesbach  241.  244. 
Griesen  212. 
Grieskirchen  242. 
Gronhard  131. 
Gronsdorf  126. 
Groschlattengriin  134. 
Grossaltdorf  25. 
Gross-Armschlag  246. 

—  Auheim  59. 

—  C&rolinenfeld  221. 

—  Gmain  225. 
Grossgriindlach  81. 
Gross-Heppach  27. 
Grosshesselohe  193.  215. 
Grossheiibach  62. 
Gross-Krotzenburg  59. 

—  Sachsenheim  15. 

—  Umstadt  23. 
Grotzingen  18. 


Griin  248. 
Griinau  242. 
Grunbach  27. 
Griinbach  ,  the  70. 
Griiner  Felsen  45. 
Griinenburg  31. 
Griinenworth  62. 
Griinsee-Tauern  230. 
Grunsfeld  70. 
Griinstein  89. 
Grunfen  199.  200. 
Griinwald  194. 
Gruttenstein,  castle  225. 

227. 
Gschwand,  the  213. 
Gschwandner  Bauer  209. 
Guckhiill  93. 
Gufifert,  the  219. 
Guglod  247. 
Gumpe,  the  229. 
Gumpenried  246. 
Gundelfingen  54.  113. 
Gnndelsdorf  74. 
Gundelshausen  125. 
Gundelsheim  22. 
Gundershofen  53. 
Gundlkofen  136. 
Giindringen  17. 
Giinz,  the  133. 
Giinzach  199. 
Giinzburg  133. 
Gunzenhausen  111.  131. 
Gurgler-Thal  207. 
Gurten  234. 
Giissbach  75. 
Gussmanns-Hohle  43. 
Gutenberg  43. 

Stalactite  Grotto  43. 
Gutenstein  51.  52. 
Giiterstein  45. 
Guttenberg  22. 

Haag  234. 
Haar  221. 
Haberstein  92. 
Haderfleck  127. 
Hafenlohr  62.  63. 
Hafenlohr,  the  63. 
Hafnerzell  242. 
Hagel-Hiitte  216. 
Hagelstadt  135. 
Hagenbiichach  69. 
Hagenmiihle  109. 
Hahnenkamm,  the  60. 
Haidhausen  157.  221. 
Haidhof  134. 
Raiding  243. 
Haidstein  235. 
Haigerloch  38. 
Hainberg,  the  73. 
Hain-Saulen,  the  62. 
Hainstadt  23. 
Hall  (Swabia)  24. 


254 


INDEX. 


HaUstadt  75. 
Hallthnrm  227. 
Hals  240. 
Hammelburg  63. 
Hammern  -  Eisenstrass 

248. 
Hammerau  224. 
Hanau  59. 

Hangende  Stein,  the  48. 
Hansgorel-Berg:,  the  109. 
Harbatzhofen  200. 
Harburs  112. 
Hard,  the  110. 
Harsdorf  86. 
Hartenstein  110. 
Hartershofen  128. 
Harthwald,  the  85. 
Hartmannshof  284. 
Haselbach  85. 
Hasenbera  12.  39. 
Haslach  241. 
Haspelmoor  134. 
Hassfurt  82. 
Hasslach,  the  74. 

—  Thai,  the  74. 
Has3mersheim  22. 
Hattingen  41. 
Hausach  39. 

Hausen  (Franconia)  84. 

—  (Swabia)  52. 
Hausener  Felsen  31. 
Hausham  220. 
Hausstein,  the  245. 
Hauzenberg  241. 
Havenbach,  ruin  243. 
Hechendorf  207. 
Hechingen  48. 
Heersberg,  the  50. 
Hegau,  the  41. 
Heidelberg  72. 
Heidelsheim  14. 
Heidenab,    the    89.    110. 

134.  235. 
Heidenheim  28. 
Heidenloeher  58. 
Heidingsfeld  128.  70. 
Heieenbriicken  62. 
Heilbronn  20. 
Heilbrnnn,  baths  216. 
Heilbrunnen  36. 
Heiligenberg  58. 
Heilsbronn  26. 
Heimenstein  31. 
Heimgarten  207.  214. 
Heining  237. 
Heinsheim  22. 
Heiterwang  206. 
Helfenstein,  ruin  31. 
Hellenstein,  ruin  28. 
Hellmitzheim  69. 
Helmbrechts  73. 
Henfenfeld  234. 
Heppenloch,  the  43. 


Herbertingen  54. 
Herblingen  41. 
Herbrechtingen  28. 
Hergatz  200. 
Herlasgriin  72. 
Hermaringen  28. 
Herrenalb  19. 
Herrenberg  39. 
Herrenchiemsee  222. 
Herreninsel  222. 
Herrlingen  52. 
Herrnberstheim  128. 
Hersbruck  109.  234. 
Hersching  197. 
Herzogberg  230. 
Herzosstand  214. 
Heslach  11.  39. 
Hesselbers  111. 
Hessenthal  24.  25. 
Hetzbach  23. 
Heubach  23.  28. 
Heuberg  40. 
Heuchelberg  15. 
Heuchelberger  Warte  19. 
Heudorf  54. 
Heunensaulen  62. 
Hienheim  127. 
Hilgerberg  229. 
Hiltersdorf  235. 
Hiltgersberg,  ruin  237, 
Himmelkron  74. 
Himmelschroflen  200. 
Hinter-Graseck  209. 

—  Ris3  216. 
Hintersee,  the  232. 
Hirsau  18. 
Hirschaid  80. 
Hirschbachthal,  the    110. 
Hirschberg,  the  218. 

—  Haus  218. 
Hirschbergen  242. 
Hirschbichel  233. 
Hirschenstein,  the  245. 
Hirschhorn  71. 
Hirschlanden  71. 
Hobbach  63. 
Hochalpe,  the  218. 
Hochberg  54. 

— ,  the  44.  248. 
Hochdorf  17.  39. 
Hochfelln  223. 
Hochhausen  22.  70. 
Hochkalter,  the  232. 
Hochkopf  214. 
Hochriss  223. 
Hochschloss  197. 
Hochst  23. 
Hochstadt  59.  74. 
Hochstadt  113. 
Hochstauflfen  224.  226. 
Hochzoll  127.  133. 
Hof  73.  134. 
Hofalpe,  the  223. 


Hofen  18. 
Hofheim  82. 
Hoile  209. 
Hofmannsruhe  200. 
Hogelberg  224. 
Hohe  Bo-en,  the  236. 

—  Fricke^n  208. 
Hohenaschau,     chateau 

223. 
Hohen-Gerhausen  53. 
Hohenasperg  15. 
Hohenau  241. 
Hohen-Baldern,  castle 29, 
Hohenberg,  the  40. 
Hohenburg.  chateau  216. 
Hohen-Gundeltmgen  113. 
Hohengutenberg,  ruin  43. 
Hohenhain  194- 
Hohenheim  14. 
Hohenhowen  41. 
Hohenkarpfen  40. 
Hohenkrahen  41. 
Hohennagold  17. 
Hohenneuffen  44. 
Hohenrechberg,  ruin  42. 
Hohenschaftlarn  194. 
Hohenschwangau  203.' 
-,  castle  204. 
Hohenstadt  109. 
Hohenstadt  244. 
Hohenstaufen  42. 
Hohenstein,  the  (Bavaria) 

93.  236.  241. 

—  (Swabia)  31. 
— ,  ruin  110. 
Hohenstoffeln  41. 
Hohentwiel,  ruin  41. 
Hohen-Urach,  ruin  45.44. 
Hohenwaldeck,  ruin  220. 
Hohenwarth  235. 
Hohenwittlingen  44. 
Hohenzollern,   castle  48. 
Hohe  Licht  200. 

—  Wacht,  the  93. 

—  Warte,  the  63.  88. 
Hohlefels  53. 
Hohlohthurm,  the  19. 
Hohlwese  (Defile)  233. 
Hoierberg,  the  201. 
Hoiren  201. 
Holenbrunn  92.  134. 
Holledau  127. 
Hollenbach,  the  245. 
HoUenthal,  the  73. 

—  Klamm  210. 
Hollriegelskreut  193. 194. 
Holltobel  200. 
Holzkirchen  215. 
Holzpoint  Alp  218. 
Homburg,  ruin  62.  64. 
Honau  46. 

Honauer  Steige  46. 
Honburg,  ruin  41. 


INDEX. 


255 


Hopfenbach,  the  126. 
Hopfensee,  the  203. 
Hopferau  202.  203. 
Hoppingen  112. 
Horb  3y.  38. 
Hornberg,  castle  22. 
Hornle,  the  36.  44.  207. 
Hosbach  62. 
Houbirg,  the  234. 
Hradschin,  castle  72. 
Huglfing  207. 
Hiihnerkobel,  the  247. 
Htilben  44. 
Hummerstein  93. 
Hundersin^en  54. 
Hunding-Hutte  212. 
Hundsruck  50. 
Hiirben  28. 
Hiirbethal,  the  23. 
Hiitten  53. 

Icking  194. 
Igersheim  26. 
Igling  198. 
St.  listen  14. 
Ilkahuhe  196. 
Iller,  the  32.  34.  199.  etc 
Illereichen  33. 
Illertissen  33. 
Illingen  15. 
Ilm,  the  127.  133. 
Ilsank  231. 
Ilz,  the  240.  241. 
Ilzstadt  240. 
Immendingen  41. 
Immenreuth  110. 
Immenstadt  199. 
Immenstadter  Horn  199 
Imnau  38. 
Imst  207. 
Indelhausen  54. 
Ingolstadt  132.  127. 
Inn,  the  222.  233. 237. 243 
Inner-Thiersee  221. 
Inningen  198. 
Innsbruck  219.  221. 
Inzell  223. 
Inzigkofen  51. 
Ipf,  the  29.  111. 
Iphofen  69. 
Ipsheim  69. 
Irrenlohe  134.  235. 
Irrsee,  monastery  198. 
Irschenhausen  194. 
Isar, the  135. 136. 144. 215 

237.  244. 
Isareck  136. 
Isen,  the  233.  244. 
Isenburg,  castle  58. 
Isny  54. 

Jachenau  216. 
Jagerkamp  220. 


Jagermayr,  the  243. 
Jagersburg,  the  80. 
Jagst,  the  22.  25.  71. 
.Jagstfeld  21. 
Jakobsihal  60.  62. 
Janowitz  248. 
Jenbach  219. 
Jenner,  the  230. 
.lettenbach  244. 
Jettenberg  232. 
Jettingen  133. 
St.  Jobst  109. 
Jochenstein,  the  242. 
Jochplatte  214. 
St.  Johann  45. 
Johannesberg  61. 
— ,  the  196. 
Johannisbad  198. 
Jordanbad  34. 
Josephslust  55. 
Josephs-Thai  220. 
Jossa  63.  85. 
Jugend,  the  205. 
Jungingen  50. 
.lusiberg  36. 
Justingen,  ruin  53. 

Kager  236. 
Kahl  59. 
Kahlgrund  59. 
Kailbach  23. 
Kainzen-Bad  210. 
Kaiserbrunnen  213. 
Kaiserklause  220. 
Kaiserwacht  219. 
Kaiseringen  50. 
Kaitersberg  235. 
Kalberau  60. 
Kalte  Keller,  the  230. 
Kaltenbrunn  19.  210.217 
Kaltenburg,  ruin  28. 
Kammerlinghorn  233. 
Kampenwand  223. 
Kapfenburg  29. 
Kappel  202. 
Kapps-Hohle,  the  95. 
Karches  91. 
Karlsbach  241. 
Karlsbad  (near  Mergent- 

heim)  71. 
Karlsburg  64. 
Karlahohle,  the  47. 
Karlslinde  44.  36. 
Karlstadt  64. 
Karlstein,  ruin  226. 
Kasbach-Thal  219. 
Karwendel-Gebirge  210. 
—  Spitze  211. 
Katzenbuckel,  the  22. 
Katzenkopf  215. 
Kaufbeuren  199. 
Kaufering  198. 
Kaunerwand  231. 


Kelheim  125. 
Kellberg  241. 
Kemnath-Neustadt  89. 
Kempten  199. 
Kentheim  16.  19. 
Kernmiihle  241. 
Kessel,  the  230. 
Kesselberg,  the  214. 
Kieferthal  221. 
Kienberg  223. 
Kieritzsch  72. 
Kilchberg  38. 
Kinzig,  the  39.  59. 
Kirchahorn  89. 
Kirchberg  25. 

baths  226.  225.  227. 
Kirchdorf  202. 
Kirchehrnbach  83. 
Kirchenbirkig  95. 
Kirchenlaibach  89.  110. 
Kirchenlamitz  134. 
Kirchentellinsfurt  36. 
Kirchheim  14.  19.  70. 

unter  Teck  43. 
Kirchleite,  the  89. 
Kirchseeon  221. 
Kirnach,  the  71. 
Kirnachthal,  the  71. 
Kirschbaumer    Schloss 

243. 
Kislau  14. 
Kissingen  83. 
Kisslegg  54. 
Kitzingen  69. 
Kitzsee,  the  244. 
Klafterstrass  241, 
Klais  210.  215. 
Klardorf  134. 
Klattau  248. 
Klauenstein,  the  245. 
Klausenberg,  the  136. 
Klaushohe,  the  84. 
Klautzenbach  247. 
Klein-Auheim  23. 
Kleinblankenbach  60. 
Klein-Ensstingen  47. 
Kleinheaselohe  193. 
Kleinheubach  61. 
Klein-Hohenheim  14. 

Komburg  24. 

Ostheim  60. 
—  Steinheim  59. 

Umstadt  23. 
Kleinwallstadt  61. 
Klesheim  224. 
Klingenberg  61. 
Klingenbrunn  246. 
Klingenstein  52. 
Klosterberg,  the  240.  60. 
Klosterhof  2'25. 
Klumpermuhle  95. 
Kniiufelspitze  230. 
Kniebis  39. 


256 


INDEX. 


Kniepass  206.  226. 
Knittlingen  15. 
Kochel  213.  216. 
Kochelsee  213. 
Kochendorf  21. 
Kocher,  the21.24.26.etc. 
Kofel,  the  212. 
Kogel-Alp  219. 
Kofering  135. 
Kohlgrab  207. 
Kohlhiesl  229. 
Kohlstetten  47. 
Kolbermoor  222. 
Kolbersbach,  the  248. 
Kollbachthal,  the  245. 
Kollenberg  62. 
Kollnburg  246. 
Komburg,  abbey  24. 
Kongen  35. 
Konig  23. 
Konigs-Alpe  218. 
Konigsbach,  the  230. 
Konigsberg  82. 
Konigsbronn  28. 
Konigsbrunnen,  the  28. 
Konigsdorf  195. 
Konigsegg,  castle  55. 
Konigshofen  71. 
Konigs-See  230. 
Konigsvvarth  244. 
Konstanzer  Ach,  the  199. 
—  Thai,  the  200. 
Kornberg,  the  Grosse  73. 
Kornthal  16. 
Kornwestheim  16. 
Kossein,  the  110.  134. 
Kosseine,  the  92.  110. 
Kothbach  Fall  202. 
Kothmaissling  235. 
Kcitzting  235. 
Krahenbad,  the  39. 
Krahenberg,  the  23. 
Kraiburg  244. 
Kraichgau,  the  15. 
Krankenheil,  baths   216. 
Kranzberg  211. 
Krauchenwies  54. 
Krausenbach  63. 
Krebsstein  43. 
Krekelmoos  206.  213. 
Krempelstein,  castle  242 
Kreuth  218. 
— ,  Wildbad  218. 
Kreuz,  the  92. 
Kreuzberg,  the  85. 
Kreuzlingen  57. 
Kreuzwertheim  68. 
Krinning  241. 
Kronach  74. 
Kronheim  111. 
Kronwinkel  136. 
Krottenkopf  209. 
Krottensee  110. 


Kriin  215. 
Kubani  242. 
Kuchalb  31. 
Kuchen  31. 
Kuchler  Loch  230. 
Kufstein  221. 
Kugelberg  47. 
Kiihberg  245. 
Kuhflucht  203. 
Kiihlenfels  95. 
Kiihlenfelser-Thal  95. 
Kulmbach  74. 
Kupfer  24. 
Kuppenburg  93. 
Kiips  74. 
Kuschwarda  242. 

Laber  119. 

,  the  118. 
— ,  the  Grosse  135. 
— ,  the  Kleine  135. 

-,  the  Schwarze  119. 

125. 
Labyrinthenberg  73. 
Lackenhauser  241. 
Laiz  51. 
Lam  247. 

Lamboiwald,  the  59. 
Lammerbach  246. 
Landau  244. 
Landestrost,  castle  133. 
Landl  221. 
Landsberg  198. 
Landshag  243. 
Landshut  135. 

•,  castle  135. 
Langacker  223. 
Langenargen  35. 
Langenau  28. 
Langenauer-Thal  73. 
Langenbach  136. 
Langenbruck  235. 
Langenbriicken  14. 
Langenbrunn  52 
Langenenslingen  54. 
Langenfeld  69. 
Langenisarhofen  237. 
Langenprozelten  63. 
Langenschemmern  34. 
Langentheilen  110. 
Langenzenn  69. 
Lange  Thai,  the  93. 
Langlau  111. 
Langsee  221. 
Langatadt  23. 
Langweid  113. 
Latten-Gebirge  224.  232 
Lauchert,  the  54. 
Lauchheim  29. 
Lauda  70. 

Laudenbach  26.  61.  64. 
Lauenstein  74. 
Lauer,  the  85. 


Lauf  109.  234. 
Laufach  62. 
Laufamholz  234. 
Laufen  an  der  Eyach  50. 
Laufenmiihle  53. 
Lauflfen  19. 
Lauingen  113. 
Laupheim  34. 
Lauter  224. 
— ,  the  Grosse  47.  53. 
Lauterach  53. 
Lautereck  26. 
Lautern  53. 
Lauter-See  209.  211. 
Lauterthal,    the    Grosse 

53. 
Lautlingen  50. 
Lech,   the  114.  127.  128. 

133.  198.  etc. 
Lechfeld,  the  198. 
Lehberger,  the  217. 
Lehesten  74. 
Lehrberg  130. 
Leinleiter  Thai  93. 
Leipheini  133. 
Leiten  211.  219. 
Leitzach-Thal  220. 
Lemberg,  the  40. 
Lengenwang  202. 
Lenggries  216. 
Lenninger  Thai,  the  43. 
Leogang  Steinberge  283. 
Leonberg  16. 
Leonhardstein  218. 
Leoni  196.  194. 
Lermoos  203. 
Leutasch-Klamm  211. 
—  Valley  211. 
Leulerschach  202. 
Leutershausen  26. 
Leutkirch  54. 
Lichtenau  63. 
Lichteneck,  ruin  236. 
Lichtenfels  74. 
Lichtenstein,   chateau 

46. 
Lichtenstern  24. 
Liebenstein  19. 
Liebenzell  18. 
Lierheim  112. 
Lindau  201. 
Lindenhart  110. 
Lindenhof,  the  201. 
Linder  212. 
Linderhof,  castle  212. 
Lindich,  chateau  43. 
Linz  234.  242.  243. 
Listsee  223. 
Lochenstein,  the  50. 
Lochhausen  134. 
Lochle-Thal  90. 
Lockstein  223. 
Lofer  226. 


INDEX. 


257 


Loferer  Alpe  226. 

—  Hochthal  226. 

—  Steinberge  226. 
Lohbach  Fall  218. 
Lohberg  247. 
Lohhof  136. 
Lohr  62. 

Lohrbach-Thal  60.  62. 
Loisach,  the  194.  207.  212. 
Lonsee  32. 
Loquitz-Tbal  74. 
Lorch  27. 

St.  Loretto  200. 
Lossburg  89. 
Lowenstein  23. 
Liibnitz,  tbe  89. 

—  Thai,  the  74. 
Ludwigsbad-Wipfeld  82. 
Ludwigsburg  15. 
Ludwigg-Canal,    the    75 

HI.  125. 
Ludwigshafen  201. 
Ludwiashall  22. 
Ludwigshohe,  the  109. 
Ludwigshohle,  the  94. 
Ludwigs-Insel,  the  209. 
Ludwigsquelle  90. 
Ludwigsstadt  74. 
Ludwigsstein  246. 
Ludwitjsthal  246.  248. 

—  (Danube)  52. 
Ludwigsthurm  60.  61. 
Lube  134. 

Luisenburg,  the  92. 
Lukas-Terra3se,  the  208. 
Lupfen,  the  40. 
Lusen,  the  242.  247. 
Lustheim ,  chateau  229. 
Lustnau  36. 
Luxburg,  the  92. 
Madchenfels,  the  46. 
MJidelegabel  200. 
Miigdeberg  41. 
Maihini;en  112. 

Main,  the  59.  74.  90.  12S. 
Main,  the  Rothe  74.  110. 

— ,  the  Weisse  74.  86.  89. 
Mainau,  Island  of  57. 
Mainberg  82. 
Mainbernheim  69. 
Mainkur  59. 
Mainleus  74. 
Mainroth  74. 
Mairhalde,  the  31. 
Maisach  134. 
Maisenburg,  ruin  54. 
Mamming  2i4. 
Manching  127. 
Mangfall,  the  217.  220. 
Mangolding  236. 
Mangoldsfein,   fortress 
112. 


Mantler  Wald  89. 
Marbach  (Baden)  40. 

—  (Wurlemberg)  25.  47. 
54. 

Marblinger  Hohe  221. 
St.  Maria-Einsiedel  194. 
Mariahilfberg  118.  235. 
Maria-Plain  ^24. 
Marienberg,  fortress 

(Wiirzburg)  68. 
— ,  the  (Algau)  199. 
Marienbriicke  205. 
Markbuchen  246. 
Markelllngen  55. 
Markelsheim  26. 
Markt  113. 
Markt-Bibart  69. 
Marktbreit  128. 
Markt-Einersheim  69. 
Markt-Eisenstein  248. 
Marktgolitz  74. 
Marktheidenfeld  62. 
Marktl  234. 
Marktleuthen  134. 
Marktoffingen  112. 
Markt-Redwitz    110.  134 

—  Schorgast  74. 
Marktzeuln  74, 
Marquartstein  223. 
Marsbach,  castle  243. 
Martinlamifz  134. 
Marxen-Hfihe  229. 
Marxgriin  73. 
Matze,  the  92. 
Maubach  25. 
Mauer  22. 
Maulach  25. 
Maulbronn  15. 
Maurach  219. 

St.  Maurus  52. 
Maushain  119. 
Mauth  242. 
Mauthhausl  226. 
Maximilianshohle  110. 
Maximilianshiitte  134. 

223. 
Mayence  61. 
Meckenbeuern  35. 
Meckesheim  22.  71.  72. 
Meersburg  57.  201. 
Jlehltheuer  (3. 
Mehrstetten  53. 
Meiningen  86. 
Jleitingen  113. 
Mellrichstadt  85. 
Memmingen  33.  198. 
Mengen  54. 
Menningen  55. 
Menterschwaige  193. 
Mergelstetten  2S. 
Mergentheim  70.  26. 
Jlering  133. 
Merlbach  194. 


Baedeker's  S.  Germany.  Sth  Edit. 


Mertingen  113. 
Mespelbrunn  63. 
Messelstein  31. 
Messkirch  55. 
Metten  245. 
Metzinsen  36. 
Michaelsberg  19.  126. 
Michelbach  60. 
Michelfeld  110. 
Michelsberg,  the  (near 
Hersbruck)  109. 

(Swabia)  31. 

(on  the  Neckar)  22. 

Michelstadt  23. 
Miesbach  220. 
ililtach  235. 
Miltenbers;  62. 
Mindel,  the  133. 
Mindelheim  198. 
Minneburg  22. 
Minning  234. 
Mirskofen  135. 
Mistelgau  89. 
Mittag,  the  199. 
Mittelberg  199. 
Mittel-Graseck  209. 
Mitten  201. 
Mittenwald  210. 
Mitterkaser-Alpe  232. 
Mittersendling  215. 
Mitterteich  73. 
Mochenwangen  34. 
Mockmuhl  22.  71. 
Modishofen  133. 
Mogeldorf  109.  234. 
Mogglingen  28. 
3Iohringen  41. 
Molkenbauer  226. 
Mombris  60. 
Mondfeld  62.  ^ 
Monrepos,  chateau  16. 
Montfort,  chateau  35. 
Moosach  221. 
3Ioosburg  136. 
Moosham  236. 
Mooswacht  233. 
Moritzberg.  the  234. 
Mosbach  71. 
Mossingen  48. 
Mottingen  112. 
Miidesheim  64. 
MuKgendorf  93. 
Miihl  206.  213. 
Miihlacker  15. 
Miihlbach  HI. 
Miihlberg,  the  52. 
Miihldorf  233.  244. 
Muhlen  38. 
Miihlfeld  197. 
Miihlhausen  (Swabia)  41 
—  (Franconia)  64. 
Miihlheim  52.  59. 
Miihlingen  55. 

IT 


258 


INDEX. 


MiLhlthal  195. 
Miiller  am  Joch  214. 
Mullerhiitte  248. 
Mullnerhorn  224. 
Miimlmg,  the  23. 
—  Grumbach  23. 
Miinchberg  73. 
Miinchshofen  237. 
Miinclisinunster  127. 
Munderkingen  53. 
Munich  137. 
Academy  of  Art  152. 

—  of  Science  190. 
Allerheiligenhofkirche 

148. 
Alte  Hof,  the  152. 

—  Residenz,  the  145. 
Anatomical  Institute 

191. 
St.  Annakirche  156. 
Antiquarium  179. 
Arcades  148. 
Archives  151. 
Arco-Zinneberg,  Palace 

157. 
Arsenals  187.  192. 
Art-Industrial  School 

180. 

—  Union  149. 
Au  192. 

Auer  Kirche  192. 
Basilica  187. 
Baths  140. 
Bavaria  191. 
St.  Benno^s  186. 
Blind  Asylum  151. 
Botanic  Garden  187. 
Brienner-Strasse  157. 
Bronze  Foundry  186. 
Cabinet  of  Coins  190. 

—  of  Drawings  172. 

—  of  Engravings  172. 

—  of  Vases  173. 
Cattle  Market  191. 
Cemeteries   180.  191. 

192.  193. 
Clinical  Institutes  191. 
Coach  Houses,  Royal 

148. 
Collection    Paleeonto- 

logical  190. 
— ,  Prehistoric  190. 

—  of  Minerals  190. 

—  of   Phys.  and   Opt. 
Instruments  190. 

— ,  Zoological-Zootom- 

ical  190. 
Corn  Hall  192. 
Court  Chapel  148. 
Crvstal  Palace  187. 
English    Chapel   144. 

150. 

—  Garden  193. 


Munich  : 
Ethnograph.     Museum 

149. 
Exhibitions  of  Art  142. 
—  of  Exports  190. 
Exhibition  Building 

184. 
Feldherrnhalle  149. 
Festsaalbau  147. 
Fischbrunnen  189. 
Frauenkirche  189. 
GasteigPromenadesl57. 
Georgianum  151. 
Giesing  Church  192. 
Glass-Painting  142. 
Glyptothek  180. 
Government  Buildings 

152. 
Gvnsecological  Institute 

"191. 
Haidhausen  157. 
Hall  of  Fame  191. 
Herzog-Max-Burg  188. 
Hofbrauhaus  138.    152 
Hofgarten  148. 
Holv  Ghost,  Church  ol 

the  192. 
Hospital,  General  191. 
Hvgienic  Institute  191. 
Isarthor  192. 
St.  .John's  157. 
Justice,  Courts  of  190. 
Karlsthor  190. 
Kaulbach-Museum  150 
Konigsbau  147. 
Kunstgewerbehaus  188. 
Landtagsgebaude  188. 
Leopoldstrasse  152. 
Librarv  150. 
Loggie  171. 
Lotzbeck  Collection 

158. 
Ludwigsbriicke  192. 
Ludwigskirche  151. 
Ludwigstrasse  149. 
Luitpold-Terrace  157. 
Maillinger  Collection 

192. 
Mariahilfkirche  192. 
Marien-Platz  188. 
St.  Mark's  157. 
Market,  Provision  192. 
Marstall  148. 
Mary,  Column  of  188. 
Maternity  Hospital  191 
St.  Matthew's  191. 
Maximilianeum  166. 
Maximiliansplafz  188. 
Maximilianstrasse  152 
Max-Joseph-Platz  145. 
Max-Joseph-School  151. 
St.  Michael's  190. 
Military  Museum    187. 


Munich  : 

Mint,  the  152. 

Municipal  Hist.  Mu- 
seum 192. 

National  Museum  153. 

Nat.    Hist.     Collection 
190. 

Nibelungen    Frescoes 
147. 

Nvmphenburg  194. 

Obelisk  157. 

Observatory  193. 

Odeon  150. 

Ophthalmic  Institute 
191. 

Palace,  Ptoyal  145. 

—  of  PrinceRegentLuit- 
pold  150. 

—  of  Duke  Max  150. 
Panoramas   143.  180. 

191. 
Pathological    Institute 

191. 
St.  Peter's  189. 
Pharmacological  Insti- 
tute 191. 
Phvsiological  Institute 

191. 
Pinakothek,  New  173. 
-,  Old  158. 
Plaster  Casts,  Museum 

of  149. 
Polytechnic  School  180. 
Porcelain  Paintings  174. 
Post  Office  152.  140. 
Priests'  Seminary  151. 
Prinz-Regenten-Strasse 

149. 
Promenade-Platz  188. 
Propylaea  184. 
Protest.  Church  192. 
Railway  Station  137. 

191. 
Rathhaus,  New  189. 
-,  Old  189. 
Reiche  Capelle  146. 
ReichenbachBridgel92. 
Reisingerianum  191. 
Residenz,  Alte  145. 
Ruhmeshalle  191. 
Schack  Gallery  184. 
Schwan thaler  Museum 

191. 
Sendlingerthor-Platz 

191. 
Siegesthor  162. 
Slaughter    House    191. 
Statue  of  Derov  152. 

—  of  Ehrhardt'  156. 

—  of  Fraunhofer  152. 

—  of  Gabelsberger  188. 

—  of  Gartner  192. 

—  of  Gluck  188. 


JNDEX. 


259 


Munich  : 
Statue  of  Goethe  190. 

—  of  Klenze  192. 

—  of  Kreittmayr  188. 

—  of  King  Max  Joseph 
145. 

—  King  Maximilian  II. 
156. 

—  of  Elector  Maxim.  I 
157. 

—  of  Elector  Max  Em 
anuel  188. 

—  of  Lewis  I.  149. 

—  of  Liebig  188. 

—  of  Nussbaum  191. 

—  of  Orlando  di  Lasso 
188. 

—  of  Rumford  152. 

—  of  Schelling  152. 

—  of  Schiller  157. 

—  of  Senefelder  191. 

—  of  Westenrieder  188. 
Synagogue  190. 
Thai,  the  192. 
Theatine  Church  149. 
Theatres  141.  148.  191. 

192. 
Theresienwiese  191. 
Treasury  146. 
University  151. 
War  Office  150. 
Wittelsbach  Fountain 

188. 

—  Palace  157. 
Miinnerstadt  85. 
Jliinsing  194. 
Miinsingen  47. 
Murgthal,  the  39. 
Murnau  207. 
Murr,  the  25. 
Murrhardt  25. 
Musau  206. 
Mylau  72. 

Nab,  the  110.  119.  134. 

235. 
Nabburg  134. 
Nagold  17. 
Nagold,  the  16.  17. 
Naiderach-Thal,  the  212. 
Naila  73. 
Nannhofen  134. 
Nase,  the  214. 
Nasenbach,  the  244. 
Nassereit  207. 
Katternberg,  the  237.  244. 
Nebelhohle,  the  47. 
Nebelhorn  200. 
Nebringen  39. 
Neckar,  the  12.  21.  71. 

etc. 
Neckarburken  71. 
Neckarelz  22.  71. 


Neckargemiind  22.  72. 
Neckargerach  22. 
Neckarhausen  40.  71. 
Neckarsteinach  71. 
Neckarsulm  21. 
Neckarthailfingen  35. 
Neckarzimmern  22. 
Neidenstein  71. 
Neidingen  52. 
Neidstein  235. 
Nellenburg,  ruin  55. 
Xellmersbach  25. 
Nendingen  52. 
Nenzingen  55. 
Xersingen  133. 
Nesselgraben  226. 
Nesselwang  202. 
Netzschkau  72. 
Neubau  235. 
Neuberg  71.  73. 
Neuburg  128. 
-,  abbey  72. 
Neudeck,  ruin  93. 
Neudenau  22.  71. 
Neudorf  68. 
Neuenbiirg  18. 
Neuenmarkt  74.  86. 
Neuenreuth  110. 
Neuenstein  24. 
Neuern  248. 
Neu-Essing  126. 
Neufahrn  136.  136. 
Neuffen  44. 
Neufra  40. 

Neuhaus,   castle  (on  the 
Danube)  243. 

—  (Bavaria)  110.  220. 

—  (Baths)  85. 
Neuhausen  41. 
Neu-Kelheim  126. 
Neukirchen  235.  236. 
Neumark  72. 
Neumarkt  (Austria)  234. 

242. 

(on  the  Rott)  244. 

(on  the  Sulz)  118. 
Neundorf  72. 
Neu-Nussberg.  rnin  246. 

Oetting  233. 

Oflingen  133.  113. 
Neureut  218. 
Neu-Schwanstein ,  castle 

204. 
Neusorg  110. 
Neustadt  an  derAi3ch69. 

—  am  Main  62. 
(Franconia)  85.  89. 
(in  the  Odenwald)  23. 

—  an  der  Donau  127. 
(near  Stuttgart)  24. 
an  der  Waldnab  134. 

Neustadtle  24. 
Neuthal  242. 


Neu-Ulm  32.  33.  133. 
St.  Nicola  135. 
Niederaschau  223. 
Niederbiegen  34. 
Niederhaus,  Fort  239. 
Niederlauer  85. 
Niedernau  38. 
Niederpocking  195. 
Niederranna  242. 
Nieder-Sonthofer  See 

199. 
Kiederstetten  26. 
Nieder-Stotzingen  28. 
Niefern  17. 
Non  226. 

Nonnberg,  the  240. 
Xonnengiitl  240. 
Nonsberg,  ruin  54. 
Nordendorf  113. 
Nordheim  19. 
Nordlingen  111. 
Nufringen  39. 
Nuremberg  95. 

.(Egidien-Platz  105. 

St.  ^gidius,  Church  of 
105. 

Archives  102. 

Behaim's  House  100. 

—  Monument  105. 
Bratwurst-Olocklein 

95.  102. 
Brew^eries  109. 
Bridges  98. 
Bronze-Foundry  103. 
Burg  103. 
St.  Catharine's  Church 

104. 
Cemeteries  103.  104. 
Deutsche  Haus,  the  101. 
Diirer  s  House  102. 

—  Statue  102. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Church 

104. 
Eucharius  Chapel  106. 
Exhibitions  96.  105. 
Evsser's  House  105. 
Fortifications  98. 
Frauenkirche  99. 
Frauenthor  98. 
Freinng  103. 
Gansemannchen  100. 
Germanic  JIuseum  106. 
Gewerbe-SIuseum   106. 
Grvibel  Fountain  105. 
Gvmnasium   105. 
Hallerthor  104. 
Harbour  104. 
Heiligegeist-Kivche 

106. 

—  Spital  105. 
Heiligkreuz-Kapelle 

104. 
Heinzel  Fountain   105. 

17* 


260 


INDEX. 


NCREMBEEG : 

Holzschuher  Chapel 

103. 
Industrial  Museum  105. 

—  Art,  Royal  School  of 
106. 

St.  Jakob's  Church  104. 
St.  John's  Church  103. 
Kaiserbxirg  103. 
Koherger's  House  105. 
Kraflft's  House  105. 

—  Stations  103. 
Landauer  Monastery 

106. 
Law  Courts  102. 
St.  Lawrence,   church 

99. 
Library  102. 
Manufactories  103.  109. 
Marienkirche  99. 
St.  Maurice   102. 
Maxfeld  109. 
Melanchthon's  Statue 

105. 
St.  Moritzkapelle  102. 
Museum  99. 
Nassauer  Hana  99. 
JTat.    Hist.    Museum 

106. 
Neuthor  104. 
Olives,  Mt.  of  103. 
St.  Ottmar's  Chapel  103. 
Palm's  House  102. 
Paumgartner's     House 

105. 
Peller's  House  105. 
Pentagonal  Tower  103. 
Petersen's  House  106. 
>    Picture  Gallery,  Muni- 
cipal 101. 
Pirkheimer's  House 

100. 
Post  Office  96.  105. 
Private  Houses  105. 

106. 
Rail.  Station  98. 
Rathhaus  100. 
Rosenau  109. 
Rotermundt  Collection 

102. 
Rupprechfs  House  106. 
Sachs's  House  105. 

—  Statue  105. 
St.  Sebaldus  101. 
Schone  Brunnen  100. 
Schiitt,  Island  of  105. 
Shops  96. 
Spitalkirche  105. 
Spittler  Thor,  the  104. 
Stadtpark  109. 
Stadtwage  102. 
Svnasogue  105. 
Tetzel  Chapel  106. 


Ndbembebg : 

Theatre  96.  104. 

Thiergartner-Thor  103. 

Topler's  House  106. 

Towers  103.  104. 

Tucher'flches  Landhaus 
106. 

Tugendbrunnen  99. 

Vischer's  House  104. 

Walpurgis  Chapel  103. 

Warriors''  Monument 
99. 

Weisser  Thurm  104. 
Nuremberg    Switzerland 

110. 
Ntirtingen  35.  44. 
Nusshard,  the  91. 
Nusshausen  126. 
Nymphenburg  194.  133. 

134. 

Oberach,  the  234. 
Ober-Ammergau  211. 
Oberau  126.  207. 
Oberaudorf  221. 
Ober-Bohringen  31. 

—  Breitenau  246. 
Oberdachstetten  130. 
Oberdorf  199.  202. 
Ober-Eichstadt  132. 

Frauenau  246. 

Grainau  209. 
Obergiinzburg  199. 
Oberhaid  82. 
Oberhaus,  fort  239. 
Oberhausen  46.  113.  133. 
Ober-Herrlingen,  castle 

53. 
Oberholzheim  34. 
Ober-Kirchberg  33. 
Oberkochen  28. 
Oberkotzau  73.  134. 
Ober-Langenstadt  74. 
Oberlenningen  43. 
Obermarchthal  54. 
Obermichl  243. 
Ober-Mieming  207. 
Obernach  215. 
Obernau  61. 
Obernberg  234. 
Obernburg  61. 
Oberndorf  40.  125. 

—  Schweinfurt  82. 
Obemesselgraben  226. 
Obemzell  242. 
Oberrad  59. 
Oberrain,  baths  226. 
Oberreitnau  200. 
Oberschmeieu  51. 
Obersee,  the  231. 
Ober-Siegsdorf  223. 
Oberstaufen  200. 
Oberstdorf  200. 


Oberstimm  133. 
Ober-Theres  82. 
Oberthurnhof  247. 
Obertraubling  135.  236. 
Obertiirkheim  29. 
Oberwappenost  110. 
Ober-Warngau  215. 

—  'Weissbach  233. 
Oberwerrn  83. 
Oberzeismering  196. 
Oberzell  (nearFriedrichs- 

hafen)  35. 

—  (on  the  Main)  64. 
Ober-Zwieselau  246. 
Obsteig  207. 
Ochenbruck  118. 
Ochsenfurt  12S. 
Ochsenkopf,  the  90. 
Ochsenwang  81.  43. 
Odenwald,  the  22. 
Oedwies  245. 
Oehringen  24. 
Oelsnitz  72. 

— ,  the  89. 
Oethlingen  43. 
Oetting,  Alt  and  Neu  233. 
Oettingen  111. 
Offenau  22. 
Offenbach  59. 
Offenhausen  47. 
Oflfenhausen  47. 
Offingen  133. 
Ohe,  the  Grosse  246. 
— ,  the  Kleine  247. 
Ohebach,  the  245.  246. 
Ohlstadt  207. 
Ohm,  the  24. 
Olching  1.34. 
Olgahohle  47. 
Oppenau  39. 
Oppenweiler  25. 
Osser,  the   248. 
Osterbiihl  212. 
Osterburken  22.  71. 
Osterhofen  220.  237. 
Ostermiinchen  221. 
Ostersee,  the  213. 
St.  Oswald  242.  247. 
Oswald-Hiitte  216. 
Oswaldshohle  93. 
Ottendorf  25. 
Ottensheim  243. 
Ottensoos  234. 
Ottobeuren  34. 
Otzing  244. 
Owen  43. 
Ov  202. 
Oythal,  the  200. 

Paar,  the  127. 
Padinger  Alpe  226. 
Pahl  197. 
St.Pancras,  Chapel  of226. 


INDEX. 


261 


Pappenheim  131. 
Parksteiner  Wald  89. 
Parksteinlxiitten  89. 
Parsberg  119. 
Partenkirchen  208. 
Partenstein  62. 
Partnachklamm  208. 
Partnach  Valley  208. 
Pasing  134.  195.  198. 
Passau  237. 
Pas8reut  241. 
Pegnitz  110. 
-,  the  70.  98.  109.  234. 
Peissenberg  197. 
Penzberg  213. 
Perach  233. 
Pertisau  219. 
Petersberg  130. 
Petersdorf  245. 
Petershausen  183. 
Petershdhle,  the  52. 
Peterskirch  234. 
Peterstirne  82. 
Pfaffenhofen  133. 
Pfaffenstein,  the  93. 
Pfahl,  the  246. 
Pfahlbronn  27. 
Pfahlrain,  the  127. 
Pfiinder,  the  201. 
Pfarrkirchen  244. 
Pfinz,  the  18. 
Pflach  206. 
Pflaumloch  29. 
Pflieglhof,  the  217. 
Pflummern  54. 
Pforzen  198. 
Pforzheim  17. 
Pfreimd  134. 
Pfronten  202. 
Pfullendorf  55. 
Pfullingen  46. 
Pfiinz  132. 

Philippsruhe,  chateau  59. 
Pichelbach-Thal  248. 
Piding  224. 
Pilsting  136.  244. 
Pins  w  an  g  206. 
Pinzberg  92. 
Pipping  195. 
Pirk  72. 
Pirka  246. 
Plain,  castle  226. 
Planegg  195. 
Plansee,  the  Great  213. 
— ,  the  Little  206.  213. 
Plassenburg  74. 
Platner8berg,Schlos3  109. 
Plattling  237.  244. 
Plauen  72. 
Pleinfeld  HI.  131. 
Pleinting  237. 
Plettenberg  50. 
Plochingen  30.  43. 


Pliiderhausen  27. 
Plumser  .Joch  216. 
Pocking  244. 
P(311at,  the  205. 
Pulling  207. 
Pommelsbrunn  234. 
Ponimersfelden,  chateau 

80. 
Ponholz  134. 
Poppenhausen  83. 
Posing  235. 
Possenhofen  195.  196. 
Postbauer  118. 
Postlingberg,   the  243. 
Pottenstein  95. 
Prag,  the  17. 
Prague  236. 
Prani-Haag  234. 
Pramthal,  the  242. 
Predigtstuhl,  the  245. 
Pressath  89. 
Pretzfeld  93. 
Prien  222.  223. 

—  Thai,  the  222.  223. 
Primthal,  the  40. 
Probstzella  74. 
Priifening  119.  125. 
Prunn  126. 
Pullach  194. 
Pulling  235. 
Piittlach-Thal,  the  95. 

Q,uakenschloss,  the  94. 
St.  Quirin  217. 

Rabeneck,  castle  94. 
Rabenecker  Thai,  the  94, 
Rabenstejn,  castle  (Fran- 
conia)  94. 

—  (Bavar.  Forest)  247. 

—  (on  the  Altmiihl)  126, 

—  Cavern  94. 
Rachel,  the  247. 
Rachelsee,  the  247. 
Radersdorf  127. 
Radldorf  236. 
Radolfzell  55. 
Rain  128. 

Rainer  Alpe  218. 
Rainthal,  the  210. 
Raitersaich  26. 
Ramsau  232. 
— ,  the  207.  231. 
Ramsauer  Ache,  the  227. 

229. 
Ranariedl  242. 
Randeck  31. 
Ranna  110. 
Rappenau  22. 
Raschenberg,  ruin  224. 
Rathsberg,  the  81. 
Ratibor,  chateau  111. 
Ratisbon  119. 


Rauberburg,  ruin  31.  43. 

Rauberhof  31. 

Rauhe  Alb,  the  32. 

Rauhe  Kulut,  the  89.  245. 

Ravensburg  34. 

Rechberg,  the  42. 

Rechenau  221. 

Rechensoldenfelsen  247. 

Rechtenbach  63. 

Rechtensteiu  54. 

Rednitz,  the  26.  69.  111. 

Redwitz  74. 

Regen  246. 

— ,  the  119.  134.  235. 

— ,  the  Grosse  246. 

— ,  the  Kleine  246. 

— ,  the  Schwarze  235. 
246. 

— ,  the  Weisse  235.  247. 

Regensburg,     see    Ratis- 
bon. 

Regenstauf  134. 

Regnitz,  the  70.  75.  81. 

Rehau  73. 

Reichelsdorf  111. 

Reichenau  55. 

Reichenbach    (Saxonv) 
72. 

—  (Wurtemberg)  19.  30. 
Reichenberg  (Bavaria) 

70.  247. 

—  (Wurtemberg)  25. 
Reichenhall  224. 

—  Kirchberg  227. 
Reichenschwand  109. 
Reichenstein,  ruin  53. 
Reichersbeuern  215. 
Reichertshausen  133. 
Reichertshofen  133. 
Reicholzheim  70. 
Reinertshof  203. 
Reisensburg,  castle  133. 
Reistenhausen  62. 
Reitalpgebirge  22i.  226. 
Reiter-Alpe  232. 

Reith  211. 
Reitofen  229. 
Remsthal,  the  24.  27. 
Renningen  16. 
Renter.'5hofener  Damm 

200. 
Rentwertshausen  86. 
Reschenstein,  ruin  240. 
Retzbach  64. 
Reussenstein  31. 
Reuth  73.  134. 
Reutlingen  36. 
Reutte  206. 
Rezat,    the    Franconian 

26.  111.  130. 

,  the  Swabian  111. 
Rhine,  the  41.  56. 

,  Falls   of  the  41. 


262 


INDEX. 


.Rhon  Mts.,  the  85. 
Ried  197.  213.  234.  235. 
Riedau  242. 
.Rieden  207. 
Riedenburg  126. 
Riedernberg,  the  48. 
Riederstein,  the  218. 
Riedlingen  54. 
Ries  240. 
— ,  the  112. 
RiesenbuT^,  the  (Fran- 

conia)  94. 
Riesloch,  the  247. 
Riesserbaner  208. 
Rietenau  25. 
Rietheim  40. 
Rigi,  the  Kleine  57. 
Riglasreuth  110. 
•  Ringberg,  the  125. 
—  Sattel  218. 
Risserkosl,  the  218. 
Rissthal,  the  34.  216. 
Risstissen  34. 
Ristfeichtkogl  224.  226. 
Ritschenhausen  86. 
Rockenbrunn  234. 
Rodach,  the  74. 
Rodenbach  62. 
Roding  235. 
Roggenthal,  the  32. 
Rohmbach  241. 
Rohr  127. 
Rohrbach  244. 
Rohrbrunn  63. 
Rohrenfeld  127. 
Rrihrmoos  133. 
Roigheim  71. 
Romanshorn  201. 
Rorschach  201. 
Roschenauer  Hohe  194. 
Rosenbach  130. 
Rosenberg  71.  74.  235. 
Rosenburg  126. 
Rosenheim  222. 
Rosenmiiller's  Hohle  93 
Rosenstein,  chateau  fnear 

Stuttgart)  13. 
— ,  the  (near  AalenJ   2 
Rosla,  the  91. 
Roslau  91.  134. 
— ,  the  110.  134. 
Rossbach  73. 
Rossberg  54. 
— ,  the  Dettinger  44. 
— ,  the   (near  Lichten- 

stein)  47. 
Rosslau,  the  91. 
Rossriicken  218. 
Rossschlag-Pass  206. 
Rossatall  26. 
Rosthausl  229. 
Rostwald  229. 
Roth  ill. 


Roth  am  See  26. 
Rothenbach  (nearls  urem 
berg)  234.  236. 

—  (near  Lindau)  200. 

-  (Swabia)  18.  19. 
Rothenberg,  ruin  109. 
— ,   the  (near  Cannstatt) 

29. 
— .  the  (near  Neekarelz) 

22. 
Rothenburg  on  the  Tau- 

ber  123. 
Rothenfels  62. 
— ,  the  199. 
Rothenkirchen  74. 
Rothenstadt  134. 
Roththal,  the  25. 
Rothswand  231. 
Rothwand  220. 
Rott  243. 
— ,  the  244. 
Rottach  218. 
— ,  Falls  of  the  218. 
Rottenacker  53. 
Rottenbuch  197.  212. 
Rottenburg  38. 
Rottendorf  81.  69. 
Rottershausen  85. 
Rottmannshohe  196. 
Rottweil  40. 
Rucken,  the  53. 
Riickersdorf  109. 
Ruderatshofen  199. 
Rudolfstein,  the  91. 
Ruhmannsfelden  245. 
Rummbach  235. 
Rnmpenheim  59. 
Runderberg  44. 
Runding  235. 
Rupprechstegen  110. 
Rupprechtstein  234. 
Rusel,  the  245. 
Ruaenschloss  53. 
Rutschenhof  45. 

Saal  125. 
Saalach,  the  224. 
Saale,  the  73.  91.  224. 

the  Franconian  63. 83. 
Saaleck  64. 
Saalfeld  74. 
Saalfelden  233. 
Sachenbach  216. 
Sachsen  26. 
Sachsenhausen  59. 
Sagereckwand  230. 
Salem  59. 
Sallet-Alp  231. 
Salmendinger  Chapel  48. 
Salzach,  the  224. 
Salzberg,  the  Upper  229. 
Salzbiichsel,  castle  225. 
Salzburg  224. 


Salzburg,  ruin  43.  86. 
Salzgau,  the  15. 
Salznau  242. 
Sandbach  237. 
Sanderau  128. 
Sandsee,  castle  111. 
Sassau,  Islet  of  215. 
Sattel  43. 

Sattelbogen,  the  44. 
Sauerlach  215. 
Sauldorf  55. 
Saulgau  54. 
Saulgrub  207.  212. 
Sauling  205.  206. 
Saulohrn  241. 

ausbach,  the  241. 
Schachen  201. 

Alp,  the  210. 
Schachenbad  201. 
Schafberg  50. 
Schafifhausen  41. 
Schafhausen  16. 
Schaftlach  215. 
Schaftlarn  194. 
Schalksburg  50. 
Schalding  237. 
Schalmei-Schlucht  208. 
Schambachthal,  the  126. 
Schappach  232. 
Schardenberg  241. 
Schiirding  242. 
Scharfenberg,  ruin  31. 
Scharfeneck,  ruin  80. 
Scharitzkehl-Alp  230. 
Scharling  218. 
Scharnhausen  14. 
Scharnitz  211. 
Scharreben  247. 
Schaumburg,  ruin  248. 
Schechen  243. 
Scheer  54. 
Schefflenz  71. 
Scheiben,  the  248. 
Schelklingen  58. 
Schellenberg  112. 
Schellneck  126. 
Schemmerberg  84. 
Schenkenzell  39. 
Schierenhof  28. 
Schildenstein  218. 
Schillerhohe,  the  11.  25. 
Schiller-Hcihle  44. 
Schillingsfiirst  130. 
Schillingsloch  44. 
Schiltach  39. 
S  chimb  orn  60. 
Schinder  218. 
Schirnding  111. 
Schlachters  200. 
Schlath  31. 
Schlattan  209. 
Schlattstall  43. 
Schlehdorf  214. 


INDEX. 


263 


Schleissbeim  136.  194. 
Schleiz  73. 
Schlicke  205. 
Schlierach-Thal  220. 
Schlierbach  72. 
Schliersee  220. 
Schlossberg, the  206.  222. 
Schlosslberg,  the  242. 
Schlos3lhichl  229. 
Schlott  127. 
Schluxenwirth  206. 
Schmachtenberg  82. 
Schmalsee  210, 
Schmaussenbuck  109. 

234. 
Schmeie,  the  50. 
Schmeienthal  50. 
Schmelz.  the  209. 
Schmiechen  53. 
Schmiechthal  53. 
Schmutter,  the  113.  133. 
Schnabelwaid  110. 
Schnaith  27. 
Schnaitheim  28. 
Schnaittach  109. 
Schnaizlreut  '.^26. 
Schneeberg.  the  (FicMel- 

gebirge)  91. 
Schnelldorf  26. 
Schollenbach  23. 
Schollkrippen  60. 
Schomberg  19. 
Schonau   (Franconia)  63. 

85. 

—  (Bavaria)  229.  246. 
Schonauer  Glashiitte,  the 

241. 
Schonberg  73. 
Schonbichl  202. 
Schonbornsprudel,  the 

84. 
Schonbuchwald,    the  39. 
Schonbuhl,  castle  27. 
Schondorf  198. 
vSchoneben  247. 
Schdnenberg  26. 
Schonfeldspitze  230, 
Schonfels,   chateau  72. 
Schongau  198. 
Schonhof  94. 
Schonsteinhohle  93. 
Schonthal  61. 
Schonungen  82. 
Schopfloch  31.  39.  112. 
Schorenberg,  ruin  63. 
Schorndorf  27. 
Schottenhof  126. 
Schotter-Thal,  the  94. 
Schrainbach,  the  231. 

—  Fall,  the  226. 
Schrecksee  221. 
Schrezheim  2G. 
Schrobenhausen  127. 


Schrocke  43. 
Schrozberg  26. 
Schullerloch,  the  126. 
Schiilzbiirg,  ruin  54. 
Schurwald,  the  27. 
Schussen,  the  34. 
Schussenried  34. 
Schutterthal,  the  95. 
Schiitzensteig,  the  205. 
Schwabach  111. 
Schwabelweis  124. 
Schwaben  233. 
Schwabhausep  198. 
Scbvvabing  152. 
Schwabisch-Gmiind  28. 

—  Hall  24. 
Schwabmiincben   198. 
Schwaigen  136. 
Schwaighof  218. 
Schwaikheim  24. 
Schwakenreute  55. 
Schwanberg,  the  69. 
Schvvandorf  134.  235. 
Scbwanegg,  chateau  193. 
Schwansee  203. 
Schwanstein ,  castle  204. 
Schwarzachthal  118. 
Schwarzbach,  the  232. 

—  Thai  71. 

Schwarzbachwacht  232. 
Schwarzberg-Klainm226. 
Schwarzenbach  73.  89. 
Schwarzenberg ,  the  203. 
Schwarzenbronn  130. 
Schwarzenbruck   118. 
Schwarzenfels  85. 
Schwarze  See  248. 
Schwarzhanskarkopf206. 
Schweigern  71. 
Schweinau  26. 
Schweinfurt  82. 
Schweinhausen  34. 
Schweinhiitt  246. 
Schweinsberg  21. 
Schwenningen  40. 
Schwimmschule  136. 
Sebastiansweiler  48. 
Seckach  71. 
Seebachwald  247. 
Seebruck  223. 
Seeburg  45. 
Seeburger  Thai  44. 
Seefeld  211. 

Seeg  202. 

Seegraben,  the  244. 
Seebausen  207. 
Seeon  223. 
Seeshaupt  196.  213. 
Seeapitz  219. 
Seethal  45. 
Seewald,  the  35. 
See  wand,  the  248. 
Seisenberg-KUimm  233. 


Selb  73. 

Seligenstadt  23.  81. 
Senden  33. 
Sennfeld  71. 
Scntenhart  55. 
Seubersdorf  119. 
Seulbitz  73. 
Seussen  111. 
Sevbothenreuth  89. 
Sibyllenloch  43. 
Siebenellen  247. 
Siegelsdorf  69. 
Siglingen  71. 
.Sigmaringen  61. 
Sigmaringendorf  54. 
Sigmundsburg,  ruin  207, 
Silbert)erg.  the  247. 
Simbach  234. 
Simmsee,  the  222. 
Singen  41. 
Sinn,  the  85. 
Sinnbere,  the  85. 
Sinnthaf,  the  63. 
Sinzheim  22. 
Sinzing  125. 
Sodenthal  61.  63. 
Soflingen  52. 
Sohnstetten  32. 
Soldenkopll  231. 
Solitude,  the  14. 
Solnhofen  131. 
Sommerau  247. 
Sondelfingen  36. 
Sonnen  241. 
Sonnenhiisel  197. 
Sonntagshorn  224.  226. 
Sontheim  28.  198. 
Sonthofen  200. 
Sophienhohle  94. 
Soyen  244. 

—  Lake  197. 
Soyer  See  244. 
Spaichingen  40. 
Spalt  111. 
Sparneck  73. 
Sperberseck  43. 
Spessart  Mts.,  the  63. 
Spezgarder  Tobel  58. 
Spiegelau  246. 
Spielmannsau  200. 
Spitzberg  248. 

—  Sattel,  the  248. 
Spitzenberg.  the  31. 
Spitzing-See  218.  220. 
Springen  53. 
Stadelhorn  232. 
Stadt  am  Hof  124. 
Stadtprozelten  62. 
Staffelbach  82. 
StafiFelber-  75.  241. 
Staffelsberg  84. 
Staffelsee  207. 
Statlelstein  75. 


264 


INDEX. 


Stahringen  55. 
Stallau  216. 
Staltach  213. 
Stammbach  73. 
Starnberg  195. 
— ,  Lake  of  195. 
Starzel,  the  38. 
Starzeln  50. 
Staubfall  226.  232. 
Stauf,  ruin  (near  Lin  z  on 
the  Danube)  243. 

—  (near  Ratisbon)  124. 
Staufen  (Swabia)  31. 
Staufenberg,  ruin  89. 
Staufeneck,  ruin  31. 
Stauffeneck,  ruin  224. 
Stauffengebirge  226. 
Steben  73. 

Steckelburg,  ruin  63. 
Stegen  198. 
Steigberg,  the  48. 
Steigerwald,  the  128. 
Steigkoppe,  the  60.  62. 
Steilenfalle,  the  210. 
Stein  (Fichtelgebirge)  89. 

—  (near  Nuremberg)  26. 

—  an  der  Traun  224. 
Steinach  (Eavaria)  74,202. 

—  (on  the  Main)  128. 
— ,  the  90. 

—  Thai,  the  17.  74. 
Steinbach  (near  Hall)  24. 

—  (on  the  Main)  60. 

—  (near  Michelstadt)  23. 

—  (Franconia)  74. 

—  (in  the  Murrthal)  25. 

—  (near  Tolz)  216. 
Steinberg,  on  the  Main  64. 
Steindorf  234. 
Steinenbach  54. 
Steinheim  59.  28.  113. 
Steinlachthal,  the  48. 
Steinmiihle  73. 
Steinrain  135. 
Steinsee,  the  221. 
Steinwiesen  73. 
Stemenhausen  74. 
Stempfermiihle  93. 
Stephanskirchen  222. 
Stephansposching  237. 
Stepperg  128. 

Stetten  48. 
Stettfeld  82. 
Steusslingen,  ruin  58. 
Stiegelruck  248. 
Stillach,  the  200. 
Stock  222. 
Stockach  55. 
— ,  the  55. 
Stockau.  89. 
Stockheim  74. 
Stoffelbers.  the  47. 
Stoflfelsberg.  the  199. 


Storzingen  50. 
Strassberg  50. 
Strasskirchen  237. 
Straubing  236. 
Streitberg  93. 
Streitburg  93. 
Streu,  the  85. 
Stromberg,  the  15. 
Strub,  the  229. 
Stuben  218. 

—  Alp,  the  218. 
Stuiben,  the  199. 

—  Falls  206.  213. 
Stuttgart  1. 
Siilchenkirche,  the  38. 
Suiz  am  Neckar  40. 
— ,  Bad  197. 

— ,  the  118. 
Sulzbach  25.  61.  235. 

—  Waterfall  197. 
Sulzberg  202. 
Sulzberglehen,  the  229. 
Sulzbrunn  202. 
Sulzdorf  25. 
Sulzerain  13. 
Sulzthal,  the  118. 
Siinching  236. 
Siissen  31. 

Swabian  Alb,  the  42. 

Tabor-Kapelle  223. 
Tachenatein  126. 
Tafertsried  245. 
Taslaching  221. 
Taimering  236. 
Tanner-Alp.  the  221. 

—  Miihle,  the  221, 
Tannheim  206. 
Tapfheim  113. 
Tatzelwurm  221. 
Taubenberg,  the  220. 
Taubensee,  the  232. 
Tauber,  the  70. 
Tauberbischofsheim  70. 
Tauberfeld  132. 
Tauern,  the  206.  213. 
Taufkirchen  242. 
Teck,  the  31. 

— ,  ruin  43. 
Tegelberg,  the  205. 

—  Alp,  the  205. 
Tegelstein  201. 
Teeernheim  124. 
Tegernsee  217. 
Teinach  16. 

baths  16. 
Teisendorf  224. 
Teisnach  245. 

—  Thai,  the  ^5. 
Telfs  207. 
Tettnaud  35. 
Teufelsfelsen,  the  125. 
Teufelsgraben,  the  215. 


Teufelshumer,  the  231. 
Teufelsloch  95. 
Teufelsmauer,  the  127. 
Teufelssee,  the  248. 
Teufelstisch  246. 
Thaldorf  126.  127. 
Thalfingen  28. 
Thalham  220. 
Thalhausen  40. 
Thalhof  54. 
Thalkirchdorf  200. 
Thalkirchen  194.  221. 
Thalmiihle  17.  41. 
Thalsteusslingen  53. 
Thamm  15. 
Thaneller,  the  206. 
Thausser  Bad  24, 
Thavingen  41. 
Theres  82. 

Theresienklause,  the  229. 
Theresienstein,  the  73. 
Theresienthal  246. 
Thierberg,  the  50. 
Thiergarten  52. 
Thiergartenberg,  the  44. 
Thiersee,  the  221. 
Thierseer  Ache,  the  221. 
Thiersee-Thal.  the  221. 
Thonbrunn  78. 
Thorlen,  the  210. 
Thumsee,  the  226. 
Thiingen  64. 
Thiineersheim  64. 
Tiefenbach  200.  241.  • 
Tiefenbronn  17. 
Tir8chenreuth  134. 
Tittling  247. 
Tittmoning  224. 
Todte  Mann,  the  230. 
Tolz  215. 
Trabitz  89. 
Traifelberg,  the  46. 
Trappenaee  21. 
Trauf,  the  50. 
Traun,  the  223. 
— ,  the  Rothe  228. 
Traunstein  223. 
Traunthal,  monastery 

126. 
Trausnitz,  castle  135. 
Trebgast  86. 
Trembach  244. 
Trennfeld  62. 
Trettach,  the  200. 
Treuchtlingen  131. 
Triefenried  246. 
Triefenstein  62. 
Triesdorf  131. 
Trimberg  64. 
Tristram  Ravine,  the  227. 
Trochtelfingen  29. 
Trubachthal,  the  93. 
Trudering  221. 


INDEX. 


2GI 


Tubingen|36. 
Tiichersfeld  95^ 
Tiirkenfeld  198. 
Tiirkheim  198. 
Tuttlingen  41. 
Tutzing  196. 
Tyrnau  241. 

TJeberkingen  31. 
Ueberlingen  58.  201. 
Ueberlinger  See  57. 
Uebersee  223. 
Uflfenheim  128. 
Uffing  207. 
Uhenfels  45. 
Uhingen  30. 
Uhlandshohe,  the  11, 
Uhlbach  29. 
Ulm  32. 

Ulricbsberg  245. 
— ,  the  245. 
Ummendorf  34. 
Umpfer,  the  71. 

—  Thai,  the  71. 
Umratshansen  223. 
Unken  226. 
Unlingen  54. 
Unniitz,  the  219. 
Unter-Ainmergau  197. 

212. 
Unterauer  Alp,  the  214. 
Unterbalbach  70. 
Unterbobingen  28. 
Unterbodenlaube  84. 
Unterboihingen  35.  43. 
rnterbuchen  195. 
Unter-Elchinsen  28. 

—  Frauenau  246. 

—  Grainau  209. 

—  Griesheim  71. 
Unterhausen  46.  128. 
Unterkochen  28. 
Unter-Leinleiter  93. 
Unterlenningen  43. 
Unterloquitz  74. 
Unterlotzen  206. 
XJntermarchthal  53. 
Unter-Peisaenberg  197. 
Unterreichenbach  18. 
Unterrodach  73. 
Untersberg,  the  224. 
Unterschiipf  71. 
Unter-See,  the  55. 

—  Steinach  74. 
Untertholau  134. 
Untertiirkheim  29. 
Unterwilzinsen  53. 
Urach  44. 

— ,  Waterfall  of  45. 
Uracher  Bleiche  44. 

—  Thai  44. 
Urbach  27. 
Urbanlehen  229. 


Urfeld  214. 

Trspring,  nunnery  53. 
—  Thai,  the  221. 
Uraulaberg,  the  46. 
Utting  197. 

Vach  81. 

Vaihingen  15.  39. 
Veitsberg,  the  76. 
Veitsburg,  the  35. 
Veitshuchheim  64. 
Velden  110. 
Veldenstein  110. 
V'ereins-Alpe  211. 
Viechtach  246. 
Viechtenstein,  castle  242. 
Vier  Linden,  the  207. 
Vierzehnheiligen  75. 
Villingen  40. 
Vila  202. 
— ,  the  (Danube)  202.  236. 

237.  244. 
Vilsbiburg  136. 
Vilseck  235. 
Vilshofen  237. 
Vohburg  127. 
Vohenstrauss  134. 
Voigtlaud,  the  72. 
Voitenberg-Oed,  the  236. 
Voitersreuth  73. 
Volkersberg  85. 
Vollmerz  63. 
Volsbach  89. 
Vorbach  110. 
Vorderbrand  229.  230. 
Vordereck  229. 
Vorder-Graseck  208.  209. 

—  Hohenschwangau, 
castle  204. 

Vorderkaser-Klamm,  the 
226. 

—  Riss  216. 
Thiersee,  the  221. 

Vorra  110. 

"Wagenbrech-See,  the  210. 
Wahlwies  55. 
Waiblingen  27. 
Waibstadt  71. 
Waidbach,  the  227. 
Waidmannsgesess  94. 
Waischenfeld  94. 
Waizinger  Alp  220. 
Walchcn,  the  216.  219. 
Walchensee  214. 
Waldburg,castle(Swabia) 
35.  39. 
—  CFranconia)  82. 
Waldeck  17. 
Waldenburg  24. 
Waldershof  110. 
Waldhausen  27. 
Waldhauaer  247. 


Waldbaushof,  the  50. 
Waldkirchen  211.  243. 
Wald-Leiningen  62. 
Waldnab,  the  134. 
Waldsas3en  73. 
Waldsee  54. 
Waldstein,  castle  91. 
— ,  the  Grosse  73.  91. 
Waldthurn  134. 
Walhalla,  the  12i. 
Walh;illastrasse  124.  134, 
Wallern  242. 
Wallersdorf  214. 
Wallerstein  111.  112. 
Wallgau  215.  210. 
Walmberg,  the  218. 
Walser  Schanzle  200. 
Waltenhofen  199. 
Wangen  29. 
Wannenberg,  the  62. 
Warmensteinach  90. 
Wartberg,  the  19.  21. 
Warthauaen  34. 
Wartstein,  ruin  54. 
-,  the  232. 
Wasach  200. 
Waschenbeuern  27. 
Wascher-Schloflsle  27. 
Wasseralfingen  28. 
Wasserberg,  the  31. 
Wasserburti   (Lake  of 
Constance)  201. 

(on  the  Inn)  243. 
Wasserstetten  54. 
Watzmann.  the  232. 

Anger,  the  232. 

Grube,  the  232. 
—  Hocheck,  the  2.32. 
Wassertriidingen  111. 
Wechsel-Alp  2i8. 
We-furt  85. 
Wegscheid  216.  241. 
Wehrstein  40. 
Weibertreu,  ruin  23. 
Weicherina:   127. 
Weiden  134.  235. 
Weigolshauseja  64.  82. 
Weihenstephan  136. 
Weiherhammer  235. 
Weikersheim  26. 
Weil  14. 
Weilbach  62. 
Weilderstadt  16. 
Weiler  38.  54. 
Weilerburg  38. 
Weilheim  197. 
Weinbauer,  the  197. 
Weinberg-Kapelle  220. 
Weingarten  (Swabia)  34. 
Weinsberg  23. 
Weischlitz  72. 
Weissach,  the  25.  218. 
Weissbach  202.  223. 


266 


INDEX. 


Weisabach,  the  225.  226. 
227.  233. 

—  Thai  223. 
Weissenburg  amSand  131. 
Weissenhorn  33. 
Weissensee.  the  202.  207. 
Weissenstadt  91. 
Weissenstein  18.  32. 

—  am  Pfahl  246. 
Weisshaus  206. 
Weissmainfelsen  90. 
Weissmainquelle  90. 
Weitenburg,  castle  38. 
Weiaern-Hopferan  202. 

203. 
Wellenburg,  the  198. 
Wel9  234.  242.  243. 
Welschingen  41. 
Weitenburg,  Abbey  126. 
Welzheimer  Wald"27. 
Wemding  112. 
Wemholz,  the  229. 
Wendelstein  118.  221. 

—  Alp,  the  Upper  221. 

—  Haus,  the  221. 
Wendthal ,  the  32. 
Werdau  72. 

Werenwag,  chateau  52. 
Wernbertc  134. 
Werneck  64.  82. 
Wernfeld  64. 
Wernstein  242. 
Wemthal,  the  64. 
Wertach,thell3.133  202. 
Wertheim  63. 
Wesenufer,  or 
Wesenurfahr  243. 
West^rhof,  the  217. 
We8terstetten  32. 
Westhauaen  29. 
Westheim  133. 
Wettelsheim  131. 
Wetterau  59. 
Wettersteln-Alp  210. 

—  Chain  206. 
Wettzell  246. 
Weyarn  220. 
Wichsenstein,  the  93. 
Wichtelshohlen,    the  84. 
Wicklessreuth  26. 
Wiebelsbach  23. 
Wiedergeltingen  198. 
Wielandstein,  the  43. 
Wieaau  134. 
Wiesensteig  31.  43. 
Wiesent.  the  80. 

—  Thai,  the  92. 


Wieaenthau  93. 
Wiesloch  14. 
Wilburgstetten  112. 
Wildbad    (WurtembergJ 
18. 

—  (Bavaria)  129.  130. 

—  Kreuth  218. 
Wildberg  17. 
Wildenranna  211. 
Wildenstein,    castle    (on 

the  Danube)  52. 

—  (Spessart)  63. 
Wildtlecken  85. 
Wildpoldsried  199. 
Wildsee,  the  19.  211. 
Wilferdinsen  18. 
Wilfersreut  90. 
Wilhelma,  the  13. 
Wilhelmsbad  59. 
Wilhelmsburg.  the  32. 
Wilhelmsfelsen ,   the  44. 
Wilhelmsgluck  24.  25. 
Wilhelmshall  40. 
Wilhering,  abbey  2i3. 
Wilibaldsburg  132. 
Willsbach  23. 
Wilzhofen  1^j7. 
Wimbach-Klamm  231. 
Wimpfen  22. 
Wimsener  Hohe,  the  54. 
Windisch  -  Eschenbach 

134. 

—  Gailenreuth  93. 
Windloch,  the  110. 
Windsfeld  131. 
Windsheim  69. 
Winkel  216. 
Winnenden  24. 
Winnenthal,  chateau  24. 
Winterbach  27. 
Winterhausen  123. 
Winterschneidbach  131. 
Wipfeld  82. 
Wiraberg  74. 
Wittelsbach,  ruin  127. 
Witfhoh,  the  41. 
Wittighausen  70. 
Witzenhohle,  the  93. 
Wolchingen  71. 
Wolfach  39. 

Wolfegg  54, 
Wolfert,  the  53. 
Wolfratshausen  194. 
Wolfstein  118.  136.  241. 
Wolfsthal  53. 
Wolnzach  133. 
Wornitz,  the  111.  112. 


Wornitzstein  112. 
Worth  61.  136. 
Wunderburg  80. 
Wundersbohle,  the  93. 
Wunsiedel  91.  134. 
Wurm,  the  (Bavaria)  133. 

134.  198. 
(Wurtemb.)  17. 

—  Thai,  the  (Bavaria)  195. 
Wurmesau  207.  212. 
Wurmlingen  40. 
Wurmlinger  Capelle  38. 
Wiirmsee  195. 
Wiirzburg  64. 
Wutzlhofen  134. 
Wutzmiihle,  the  236. 

Zapfendorf  75. 

Zanpenberg  94. 

Zavelstein  16.  19. 

Zeil  82. 

Zeitlofs  85. 

Zell  in  the  Odenwald  23. 

—  (Fichtelaebirge)  91. 

—  (on  the  Main)  64. 
Zeller  Horn,  the  48. 
Zellerhornle,  the  50. 
St.  Zeno  225. 
Zielfingen_64. 
Zimmern  70. 
Zinneberg,  chateau  221. 
Zipfelhausl,  the  231. 
Zirl  211. 
Zizenhausen  55. 
ZoUern  48. 

Zollhau.s  202. 
Zoolith  Cavern  9i. 
Zoppatenbach.  the  90. 
Zorneding  221. 
Zuchering  127. 
Zuflfenhausen  16. 
Zugspitze,  the  206. 
Zumhaus  26. 
Zusam,  the  133. 
Zusameck  133. 
Ziittlingen  71. 
Zwergeck.  the  248. 
Zwickau  72. 
Zwiefalten  54. 
Zwiefaltendorf  54. 
Zwiesel  246. 
— ,  the  226. 

—  Alp  226. 
Zwieselau  246. 
Zwieaelberg,  the  206.  246. 
Zwingenberg  22. 
Zwingsteg  200. 


Leipsic:  Printed  by  Breitkopf  ife  Hartel. 


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